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Dong N, Nichols H, Sun Q, Chen X, Zheng J, Guan Z, Zhang H, Davison A, Wezel Y, Li Z, Li B, Liu K, Shao D, Qiu Y, Sun J, Li X, Upton M, Ma Z, Jarvis MA, Wei J. Bovine Herpesvirus-4 Based Vaccine Provides Protective Immunity against Streptococcus suis Disease in a Rabbit Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11051004. [PMID: 37243109 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11051004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a bacterial pathogen of pigs that has a major animal health and economic impact on the pig industry. Bovine herpesvirus-4 (BoHV-4) is a new virus-based vaccine vector that has been used for the immunogenic delivery of antigens from a variety of pathogens. In the present study, two recombinant BoHV-4-based vectors were evaluated for their ability to induce immunity and protection against S. suis in a rabbit model. The GMD protein is a fusion protein consisting of multiple dominant B-cell epitopes ((B-cell dominant epitopes of GAPDH, MRP, and DLDH antigens) (BoHV-4/GMD)) and the second suilysin (SLY) (BoHV-4/SLY) from S. suis serotype 2 (SS2). Both GMD and SLY delivered by the BoHV-4 vectors were recognized by sera from SS2-infected rabbits. The vaccination of rabbits with the BoHV-4 vectors induced antibodies against SS2, as well as against additional S. suis serotypes, SS7 and SS9. However, sera from BoHV-4/GMD-vaccinated animals promoted a significant level of phagocytic activity by pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) against SS2, SS7, and SS9. In contrast, sera from rabbits immunized with BoHV-4/SLY induced PAM phagocytic activity against only SS2. In addition, BoHV-4 vaccines differed in the associated level of protection against lethal SS2 challenge, which ranged from high (71.4%) to low (12.5%) for BoHV-4/GMD and BoHV-4/SLY, respectively. These data suggest BoHV-4/GMD as a promising vaccine candidate against S. suis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihua Dong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hester Nichols
- The Vaccine Group Ltd., Derriford Research Facility, Plymouth PL6 8BX, UK
| | - Qing Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiayang Zheng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhixin Guan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Andrew Davison
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Yvonne Wezel
- The Vaccine Group Ltd., Derriford Research Facility, Plymouth PL6 8BX, UK
| | - Zongjie Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Donghua Shao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianhe Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mathew Upton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Michael A Jarvis
- The Vaccine Group Ltd., Derriford Research Facility, Plymouth PL6 8BX, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
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2
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Wu MC, Wu HC, Lee JW, Chang WC, Chu CY. A protein-based subunit vaccine with biological adjuvants provides effective protection against Pasteurella multocida in pigs. Vet Res 2023; 54:17. [PMID: 36864537 PMCID: PMC9979465 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) and Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) are pathogens that can cause zoonotic diseases. P. multocida toxin (PMT) is an important virulence factor that causes atrophic rhinitis in pigs. Suilysin (Sly) is an extracellular protein of S. suis and has been shown to be a potential adjuvant. Previous studies have indicated that subunit vaccines containing several fragments of PMT as antigens are safer than traditional inactivated or live-attenuated vaccines. However, protein-based vaccines need strong adjuvants to enhance their immunogenicity. In this study, recombinant PMT-NC (rPMT-NC) protein antigen was formulated with either recombinant Sly (rSly) or CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) as the adjuvant. The immune responses elicited by these vaccines and the protective efficacy after challenge with live P. multocida were evaluated in piglets. In the dose-dependent test, piglets immunized with the low dose (100 µg) of rSly had increased antigen-specific total IgG, interferon (IFN)-γ gene expression, and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations. Compared to piglets in the commercial (Al-gel) adjuvant and the control groups (p < 0.05), piglets in the biological adjuvant groups showed significantly reduced turbinate atrophy, nasal distortion, and lung lesion scores after challenge with P. multocida serotype A. Vaccines containing rSly or CpG adjuvant enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses and protection against P. multocida. This combination of a protein-based antigen formulated with a biological adjuvant showed synergistic and protective effects against atrophic rhinitis and has potential to be developed as part of a bivalent vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chia Wu
- grid.412083.c0000 0000 9767 1257International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chieh Wu
- grid.412083.c0000 0000 9767 1257International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan ,grid.412083.c0000 0000 9767 1257Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan
| | - Jai-Wei Lee
- grid.412083.c0000 0000 9767 1257Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Chang
- grid.412083.c0000 0000 9767 1257International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chu
- International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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3
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Wu MC, Doan TD, Lee JW, Lo YT, Wu HC, Chu CY. Recombinant suilysin of Streptococcus suis enhances the protective efficacy of an engineered Pasteurella multocida toxin protein. Res Vet Sci 2022; 151:175-183. [PMID: 36041311 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Suilysin (Sly) from Streptococcus suis has been shown to elicit strong immune responses and may act as a vaccine adjuvant. In the present study, we tested the adjuvant effect of Sly using an engineered Pasteurella multocida toxin, rPMT-NC, as the antigen. The antigen was also formulated with other conventional adjuvants (aluminum hydroxide, water-in-oil-in-water) for comparison. The efficacy of these vaccine formulations were evaluated in mice. The optimal dosage of purified rSly for enhancing immune responses in mice was first determined to be 40 μg/ml based on significantly (p < 0.05) increased serum antibody titers, expression of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-12, and interferon (IFN)-γ and the survival rate after challenge with P. multocida. Mice immunized with rPMT-NC + rSly had augmented antibody production and cellular immunity compare to those immunized with rPMT-NC plus other adjuvants. In addition, the survival rate of mice immunized with rPMT-NC + rSly was the highest (70% v.s. 30% of mice immunized with rPMT-NC alone) among all groups. In conclusion, rSly has the potential to be used as a biological adjuvant to enhance immune responses and protective efficacy of protein-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chia Wu
- International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Thu-Dung Doan
- International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan; General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Wei Lee
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lo
- International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chieh Wu
- International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chu
- International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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Wang J, Yi X, Liang P, Tao Y, Wang Y, Jin D, Luo B, Yang J, Zheng H. Investigation of the Genomic and Pathogenic Features of the Potentially Zoonotic Streptococcus parasuis. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070834. [PMID: 34357984 PMCID: PMC8308872 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, Streptococcus suis reference strains of serotype 20, 22, and 26 were reclassified as Streptococcus parasuis. The public health significance of S. parasuis is underestimated due to the lack of clinical isolates. In the present study, we first reported two sporadic S. parasuis infections in humans, after using full-length 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes' phylogeny and ANI values of genome sequence comparisons to determine the species of their isolates BS26 and BS27. Compared to highly pathogenic S. suis strain P1/7, S. parasuis strains BS26 and BS27 possessed a delayed capacity to initiate lethal infection, which may attribute to the later production of higher level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Differed to S. suis strain P1/7, S. parasuis strains did not induce significant inflammatory response in the brain of mice. Histopathological changes in liver and lungs were widely present in mice infected with S. parasuis strains. Our data indicated that the pathogenic mechanism of S. parasuis may be different from that of S. suis. Three lineages in the core-genome phylogenetic tree and ten types of cps gene cluster were found in 13 S. parasuis genomes, indicating high heterogeneity of this species. The similarity of CPS structure and antibiotic-resistant genes relative to S. suis indicated the evolutionary affinity between the two species. Our data suggested S. parasuis is a potential zoonotic pathogen and poses severe threat to health of susceptible people. Further study on the epidemiology and public health significance of S. parasuis is urgently necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (P.L.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.); (D.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xueli Yi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Clinical College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang 533000, China; (X.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Pujun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (P.L.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.); (D.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yuanmeihui Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (P.L.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.); (D.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (P.L.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.); (D.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Dong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (P.L.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.); (D.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Bin Luo
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Clinical College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang 533000, China; (X.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (P.L.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.); (D.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; (J.W.); (P.L.); (Y.T.); (Y.W.); (D.J.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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Li Q, Lv Y, Li YA, Du Y, Guo W, Chu D, Wang X, Wang S, Shi H. Live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis vector delivering a conserved surface protein enolase induces high and broad protection against Streptococcus suis serotypes 2, 7, and 9 in mice. Vaccine 2020; 38:6904-6913. [PMID: 32907758 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a major zoonotic pathogen in swine, can be classified into 35 serotypes. However, no universal vaccine against the multiple serotypes of S. suis is available, though some studies have shown homologous protection. Hence, developing an effective universal vaccine to protect pigs against multiple S. suis serotypes is necessary, or at the very least, to protect pigs against diseases caused by the dominant pathogenic serotypes. Enolase, a highly conserved surface protein, is present in all of the described S. suis serotypes. rSC0016 is an improved recombinant attenuated S. Choleraesuis vaccine vector, combining a sopB mutation with regulated delayed systems, achieving an adequate balance between host safety and immunogenicity. In order to develop a universal vaccine against the multiple serotypes of S. suis, a novel recombinant vaccine strain rSC0016 that carries a heterologous antigen enolase was developed in this study. According, it was found that the recombinant vaccine strain rSC0016(pS-Enolase) exhibited better colonization compared to the vaccine control strain rSC0018(pYA3493). In addition, a mouse model immunized with the strain rSC0016(pS-Enolase) elicited significant IgG antibody responses against both enolase and Salmonella antigens, while inducing good mucosal, humoral, and cellular immune responses against enolase. Finally, immunization with rSC0016(pS-Enolase) was shown to confer 100%, 80%, and 100% protection against the serotypes of SS2, SS7, and SS9, respectively, and significantly reduced histopathological lesions in mice. Overall, this study provides a promising universal vaccine candidate for use against the multiple serotypes of S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yifan Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yu-An Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuanzhao Du
- Yebio Bioengineering Co., Ltd of Qingdao, Qingdao 266114, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Yebio Bioengineering Co., Ltd of Qingdao, Qingdao 266114, China
| | - Dianfeng Chu
- Yebio Bioengineering Co., Ltd of Qingdao, Qingdao 266114, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA.
| | - Huoying Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, China.
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Song L, Li X, Xiao Y, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Meng G, Ren Z. Contribution of Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation Mediated by Suilysin to Streptococcal Toxic Shock-like Syndrome. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1788. [PMID: 32922370 PMCID: PMC7456889 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of inflammasome activation in response to Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) infection and its contribution to the development of streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSS). Methods: To verify the role of suilysin (SLY) in STSS, we infected bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in vitro and C57BL/6J mice intraperitoneally (IP) with the SS2 wild-type (WT) strain or isogenic sly mutant (∆SLY) to measure the interleukin (IL)-1β release and survival rate. To determine the role of inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in STSS, we infected BMDMs from WT and various deficient mice, including Nlrp3-deficient (Nlrp3−/−), Nlrc4-deficient (Nlrc4−/−), Asc-deficient (Asc−/−), Aim2-deficient (Aim2−/−), Caspase-1/11-deficient (Caspase-1/11−/−), and Gsdmd-deficient (Gsdmd−/−) ex vivo, and IP injected WT, Nlrp3−/−, Caspase-1/11−/−, and Gsdmd−/− mice with SS2, to compare the IL-1β releases and survival rate in vivo. Results: The SS2-induced IL-1β production in mouse macrophages is mediated by SLY ex vivo. The survival rate of WT mice infected with SS2 was significantly lower than that of mice infected with the ∆SLY strain in vivo. Furthermore, SS2-triggered IL-1β releases, and the cytotoxicity in the BMDMs required the activation of the NOD-Like Receptors Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (Nlrp3), Caspase-1/11, and gasdermin D (Gsdmd) inflammasomes, but not the Nlrc4 and Aim2 inflammasomes ex vivo. The IL-1β production and survival rate of WT mice infected with SS2 were significantly lower than those of the Nlrp3−/−, Caspase-1/11−/−, and Gsdmd−/− mice in vivo. Finally, the inhibitor of the Nlrp3 inflammasome could reduce the IL-1β release and cytotoxicity of SS2-infected macrophages ex vivo and protect SS2-infected mice from death in vivo. Conclusion: Nlrp3 inflammasome activation triggered by SLY in macrophages played an important role in the pathogenesis of STSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Song
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanming Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangxun Meng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018 RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li Q, Fu Y, Guo G, Wang Z, Zhang W. Identification of novel pig and human immunoglobulin G-binding proteins and characterization of the binding regions of enolase from Streptococcus suis serotype 2. AMB Express 2020; 10:103. [PMID: 32488558 PMCID: PMC7266926 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a major emerging pathogen in swine and humans, expresses immunoglobulin G (IgG)-binding proteins (IBPs), which contribute to the ability of organism to evasion of host immune system. The objective of this study was to identify novel pig IgG (pIgG) and human IgG (hIgG)-binding proteins and characterize the binding regions of enolase from Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2). Here, four pIgG-binding proteins (pIBPs) and five hIgG-binding proteins (hIBPs) were identified from S. suis 2 surface proteins by 2D-Far-western blot assays. All the newly captured proteins were expressed and further confirmed their binding activity to pIgG or hIgG by Far-western blot and dot blot. In addition to previously identified factor H, fibronectin, collagen, fibrinogen, plasminogen and laminin, we also found that both pIgG and hIgG can specifically interact with enolase. Binding assays indicated that interactions of S. suis 2 enolase with pIgG and hIgG is primarily mediated by the enolase C-terminal portion (Enolase-C, a.a. 142–432). We found that hIgG exhibited stronger binding ability to Enolase-C than pIgG. Further analysis of the C-terminal regions of enolase (Enolase-C1 and Enolase-C2) suggested that the C-terminus possessed two different binding domains with distinct host IgG proteins. Strikingly, we confirmed that pIgG interacted with the Enolase-C1 (a.a. 142–271) and hIgG interacted with the Enolase-C2 (a.a. 271–432). These observations of enolase provide interesting insights in the pathogenesis of S. suis infection.
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Xing X, Bi S, Fan X, Jin M, Liu W, Wang B. Intranasal Vaccination With Multiple Virulence Factors Promotes Mucosal Clearance of Streptococcus suis Across Serotypes and Protects Against Meningitis in Mice. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:1679-1687. [PMID: 31287878 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic agent. Its natural habitat is the tonsils, which are the main portals of S. suis entry into the bloodstream of pigs. The remarkable variability of the bacteria and complex pathogenic mechanisms make the development of a vaccine a difficult task. METHOD Five conserved virulence factors involved in critical events of S. suis pathogenesis were combined and used as an intranasal vaccine (V5). The effect of V5 was investigated with intranasal and systemic challenge models. RESULTS V5 induced antibody and T-cell responses at the mucosal site and systemically. The immunity promoted clearance of S. suis from the nasopharynx independent of S. suis serotypes and reduced lethality after systemic challenge with S. suis serotype 2. Moreover, mice that survived sepsis from intravenous infection developed meningitis, whereas none of these mice showed neuropathological symptoms after V5 receipt. CONCLUSION Intranasal immunization with multiple conserved virulence factors decreases S. suis colonization at the nasopharynx across serotypes and inhibits the dissemination of the bacteria in the host. The protective mucosal immunity effects would potentially reduce the S. suis reservoir and prevent S. suis disease in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xing
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
| | - Shuai Bi
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Meilin Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Beinan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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9
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Owatari MS, Jesus GFA, Cardoso L, Lehmann NB, Martins ML, Mouriño JLP. Can histology and haematology explain inapparent Streptococcus agalactiae infections and asymptomatic mortalities on Nile tilapia farms? Res Vet Sci 2019; 129:13-20. [PMID: 31901532 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterise possible histopathological and haemato-immunological changes after subclinical infection by S. agalactiae S13 serotype Ib. One hundred juveniles of Nile tilapia with average weight of 45 g were distributed in ten 90 L experimental units. After the acclimation period 25 fish were euthanised, and fragments of liver, spleen and posterior mid-intestine tissue were sampled to verify the integrity of the organs and blood samples taken to check the haematological profile. Fifty animals were used to verify the optimal dosage for the challenge. The remaining 25 fish were infected with S. agalactiae S13. After 96 h, tissue fragments from the liver, spleen and posterior mid-intestine and blood samples were collected. The analyses revealed that, 96 h after contagion, S. agalactiae S13 serotype Ib caused subclinical lesions in the liver and spleen that are not commonly described as pathognomonic, in addition to haematological alterations. These results allow a better understanding of sudden recurrent mortalities in Brazilian tilapia farms, since the serotype Ib of S. agalactiae causes inapparent infections and can remain lodged in internal organs and cause irreversible lesions and haemato-immunological alterations, therefore compromising physiological functions vital for the health of fish without revealing external clinical signs in the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Shizuo Owatari
- AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (CCA, UFSC), Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Fernandes Alves Jesus
- AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (CCA, UFSC), Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Lucas Cardoso
- AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (CCA, UFSC), Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nicollas Breda Lehmann
- AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (CCA, UFSC), Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maurício Laterça Martins
- AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (CCA, UFSC), Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Pedreira Mouriño
- AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (CCA, UFSC), Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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10
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Li Z, Chang P, Xu J, Tan C, Wang X, Bei W, Li J. A Streptococcus suis Live Vaccine Suppresses Streptococcal Toxic Shock-Like Syndrome and Provides Sequence Type-Independent Protection. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:448-458. [PMID: 30165645 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis is an encapsulated zoonotic pathogen. Increasing antimicrobial resistance invokes the need for effective vaccines. Despite many attempts to develop an effective vaccine, none is currently available. Methods A capsular polysaccharide (CPS)-expressing attenuated mutant 2015033 was constructed by deleting 5 virulence-associated factors (sly, scpA, ssnA, fhb, and ssads) in an infective S. suis strain SC19. The safety and immune effect of 2015033 were determined both in vitro and in vivo. Results Deletion of 5 genes did not impact the growth ability and CPS generation of 2015033, and the mutant exhibited no cytotoxicity in different cell models. 2015033 was more easily eliminated by innate immunity both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, 2015033 showed a diminished invasive ability in different mouse organs (brain, lung, and liver) and avirulent properties in mice associated with weak inflammation-inducing ability. Immunization with 2015033 triggered T cell-dependent immunity, suppressed streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome, and conferred sequence type-independent protection to mice during infection. Conclusions This study presents the feasibility of the strategy of multigene deletion for the development of promising live vaccines against invasive encapsulated pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Bio-Medical Center, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peixi Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Bio-Medical Center, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Bio-Medical Center, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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11
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Lin L, Xu L, Lv W, Han L, Xiang Y, Fu L, Jin M, Zhou R, Chen H, Zhang A. An NLRP3 inflammasome-triggered cytokine storm contributes to Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS). PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007795. [PMID: 31170267 PMCID: PMC6553798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with the Streptococcus suis (S. suis) epidemic strain can cause Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS), which is characterized by a cytokine storm, dysfunction of multiple organs and a high incidence of mortality despite adequate treatment. Despite some progress concerning the contribution of the inflammatory response to STSLS, the precise mechanism underlying STSLS development remains elusive. Here, we use a murine model to demonstrate that caspase-1 activity is critical for STSLS development. Furthermore, we show that inflammasome activation by S. suis is mainly dependent on NLRP3 but not on NLRP1, AIM2 or NLRC4. The important role of NLRP3 activation in STSLS is further confirmed in vivo with the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 and nlrp3-knockout mice. By comparison of WT strain with isogenic strains with mutation of various virulence genes for inflammasome activation, Suilysin is essential for inflammasome activation, which is dependent on the membrane perforation activity to cause cytosolic K+ efflux. Moreover, the mutant strain msly (P353L) expressing mutagenic SLY without hemolytic activity was unable to activate the inflammasome and does not cause STSLS. In summary, we demonstrate that the high membrane perforation activity of the epidemic strain induces a high level of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which is essential for the development of the cytokine storm and multi-organ dysfunction in STSLS and suggests NLRP3 inflammasome as an attractive target for the treatment of STSLS. The two large-scale human Streptococcus suis epidemics have caused unusual development of Streptococcal Toxic-Shock-like Syndrome (STSLS) and high incidence of mortality despite adequate treatments. However, how the epidemic strain causes STSLS remained to be elucidated. Because an excessive high level of inflammasome-regulated cytokine was detected in the blood of STSLS patients, we used a murine model to identify the role of inflammasome activation on the development of STSLS. We found that NLRP3 activation contributed to STSLS with the pharmacological inhibition and NLRP3-/- mice. We identified a novel mechanism of STSLS in that increased suilysin expression in S. suis highly virulent strain could induce high level of cytosolic K+ efflux, an essential event for NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and then further cause a cytokine storm, dysfunction of multiple organs and a high incidence of mortality, the characters of STSLS. Therefore, our study provides insights for STSLS development and highlights NLRP3 inflammasome as an attractive target for the treatment of STSLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weihua Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yaozu Xiang
- Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Anding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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12
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Li G, Shen X, Wei Y, Si X, Deng X, Wang J. Quercetin reduces Streptococcus suis virulence by inhibiting suilysin activity and inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 69:71-78. [PMID: 30682719 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a globally distributed bacterial pathogen, is an important zoonotic agent for humans and animals that can lead to multiple deaths and cause major economic losses. Suilysin (SLY), secreted by most pathogenic S. suis strains, is a cytotoxic toxin that belongs to the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin family; this toxin plays a key role in a mouse meningitis model, suggesting that effective interference with the biological activity of SLY may be a potential treatment for S. suis infection. In addition, the inflammatory response induced by S. suis is an important manifestation in infections and is associated with multiple fatal diseases. In this study, we found that the natural compound quercetin can directly inhibit the pore-forming activity of SLY without affecting bacterial growth and SLY secretion at the concentrations tested in our assay. In addition, quercetin treatment significantly alleviated cytotoxicity caused by S. suis infection and effectively reduced the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) stimulated by bacteria. Significantly decreased mortality was observed for the S. suis-infected mice that received quercetin. Our results suggested that quercetin may represent a promising therapeutic candidate for S. suis infection by targeting SLY and the subsequent inflammation. The present study provides a new strategy and leading compound for S. suis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Shen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaosa Si
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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13
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Zhang Y, Zong B, Wang X, Zhu Y, Hu L, Li P, Zhang A, Chen H, Liu M, Tan C. Fisetin Lowers Streptococcus suis serotype 2 Pathogenicity in Mice by Inhibiting the Hemolytic Activity of Suilysin. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1723. [PMID: 30105012 PMCID: PMC6077255 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a serious zoonotic pathogen and has attracted worldwide attention since the first human case was reported in Denmark in 1968. Some virulence factors have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of the infection caused by Streptococcus suis serotype 2, and then novel strategies to identify some anti-virulence compounds which can effectively inhibit the pathogenic bacterial infection have recently been reported. Suilysin is an essential virulence factor for Streptococcus suis serotype 2 since it creates pores in the target cells membranes, which aids bacterial colonization. The important role of suilysin in the virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 renders it an ideal target for designing novel anti-virulence therapeutics. We find that fisetin, as a natural flavonoid, is a potent antagonist against suilysin-mediated hemolysis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of fisetin on the hemolytic activity of suilysin from Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Fisetin is found to significantly inhibit the hemolytic activity of suilysin. Within the range of effective concentrations, fisetin does not influence the growth of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and the expression of suilysin protein. In vitro, fisetin effectively inhibits the death of macrophages (J774A.1 and RAW264.7) infected with Streptococcus suis serotype 2 by weakening intracellular bacterial multiplication. Animal model experiment shows that fisetin effectively improves the survival rate of animals infected with Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Our findings suggest that fisetin could be used as an antitoxin against suilysin and be developed into a promising therapeutic candidate for treating Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingbing Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linlin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Manli Liu
- Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
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14
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Li G, Lu G, Qi Z, Li H, Wang L, Wang Y, Liu B, Niu X, Deng X, Wang J. Morin Attenuates Streptococcus suis Pathogenicity in Mice by Neutralizing Suilysin Activity. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:460. [PMID: 28373868 PMCID: PMC5357624 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a Gram-positive pathogen, is widely recognized as an important agent of swine infection, and it is also known to cause a variety of zoonoses, such as meningitis, polyarthritis and pneumonia. Suilysin (SLY), an extracellular pore-forming toxin that belongs to the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin family, is an essential virulence factor of S. suis capsular type 2 (SS2). Here, we found that morin hydrate (morin), a natural flavonoid that lacks anti-SS2 activity, inhibits the hemolytic activity of SLY, protects J774 cells from SS2-induced injury and protects mice from SS2 infection. Further, by molecular modeling and mutational analysis, we found that morin binds to the "stem" domain 2 in SLY and hinders its transformation from the monomer form to the oligomer form, which causes the loss of SLY activity. Our study demonstrates that morin hinders the cell lysis activity of SLY through a novel mechanism of interrupting the heptamer formation. These findings may lead to the development of promising therapeutic candidates for the treatment of SS2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- The First Hospital and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Gejin Lu
- The First Hospital and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Zhimin Qi
- The First Hospital and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Hongen Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University Changchun, China
| | - Lin Wang
- The First Hospital and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University Changchun, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- The First Hospital and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Xiaodi Niu
- The First Hospital and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- The First Hospital and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- The First Hospital and Institute of Infection and Immunity, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
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15
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Chen S, Xie W, Wu K, Li P, Ren Z, Li L, Yuan Y, Zhang C, Zheng Y, Lv Q, Jiang H, Jiang Y. Suilysin Stimulates the Release of Heparin Binding Protein from Neutrophils and Increases Vascular Permeability in Mice. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1338. [PMID: 27617009 PMCID: PMC4999480 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the deaths that occurred during two large outbreaks of Streptococcus suis infections in 1998 and 2005 in China were caused by streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), which is characterized by increased vascular permeability. Heparin-binding protein (HBP) is thought to mediate the vascular leakage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the detailed mechanism underlying the release of HBP and the vascular leakage induced by S. suis. Significantly higher serum levels of HBP were detected in Chinese patients with STSS than in patients with meningitis or healthy controls. Suilysin (SLY) is an exotoxin secreted by the highly virulent strain 05ZYH33, and it stimulated the release of HBP from the polymorphonuclear neutrophils and mediated vascular leakage in mice. The release of HBP induced by SLY was caused by a calcium influx-dependent degranulation. Analyses using a pharmacological approach revealed that the release of HBP induced by SLY was related to Toll-like receptor 4, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and the 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. It was also dependent on a G protein-coupled seven-membrane spanning receptor. The results of this study provide new insights into the vascular leakage in STSS associated with non-Group A streptococci, which could lead to the discovery of potential therapeutic targets for STSS associated with S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Chunmao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
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16
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Tenenbaum T, Asmat TM, Seitz M, Schroten H, Schwerk C. Biological activities of suilysin: role in Streptococcus suis pathogenesis. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:941-54. [PMID: 27357518 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important swine and zoonotic pathogen equipped with several virulence factors. The pore-forming toxins are the most abundant bacterial toxins and classified as critical virulence (associated) factors of several pathogens. The role of suilysin (SLY), a pore-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysin of S. suis, as a true virulence factor is under debate. Most of the bacterial toxins have been reported to modulate the host immune system to facilitate invasion and subsequent replication of bacteria within respective host cells. SLY has been demonstrated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of S. suis infection and inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo. This review highlights the contributions of SLY to the pathogenicity of S. suis. It will address its role during the development of S. suis meningitis in pigs, as well as humans, and discuss SLY as a potential vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Tenenbaum
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim D-68167, Germany
| | - Tauseef M Asmat
- Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, Brewery Road, University of Balochistan, 87300 Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Maren Seitz
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover D-30173, Germany
| | - Horst Schroten
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim D-68167, Germany
| | - Christian Schwerk
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim D-68167, Germany
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17
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Jiang X, Yang Y, Zhu L, Gu Y, Shen H, Shan Y, Li X, Wu J, Fang W. Live Streptococcus suis type 5 strain XS045 provides cross-protection against infection by strains of types 2 and 9. Vaccine 2016; 34:6529-6538. [PMID: 27349838 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is one of the common pathogens causing diseases in pigs and covers 35 serotypes with the type 2 strains being more pathogenic and zoonotic. Existing inactivated or subunit vaccines, in clinical use or under trial, could not provide cross protection against other serotypes. We identified a natural low-virulence S. suis type 5 strain XS045 as a live vaccine candidate because it is highly adhesive to the cultured HEp-2 cells, but with no apparent pathogenicity in mice and piglets. We further demonstrate that subcutaneous administration of the live XS045 strain to mice induced high antibody responses and was able to provide cross protection against challenges by a type 2 strain HA9801 (100% protection) and a type 9 strain JX13 (85% protection). Induction of high-titer antibodies with opsonizing activity as well as their cross-reactivity to surface proteins of the types 2 and 9 strains and anti-adhesion effect could be the mechanisms of cross protection. This is the first report that a live vaccine candidate S. suis type 5 strain could induce cross-protection against strains of types 2 and 9. This candidate strain is to be further examined for safety in pigs of different ages and breeds as well as for its protection against other serotypes or other strains of the type 2, a serotype of particular importance from public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Jiang
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yunkai Yang
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lexin Zhu
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuanxing Gu
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hongxia Shen
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ying Shan
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiusheng Wu
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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18
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Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a major swine pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent of human meningitis and streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome. S. suis is a well-encapsulated pathogen and multiple serotypes have been described based on the capsular polysaccharide antigenic diversity. In addition, high genotypic, phenotypic and geographic variability exits among strains within the same serotype. Besides, S. suis uses an arsenal of virulence factors to evade the host immune system. Together, these characteristics have challenged the development of efficacious vaccines to fight this important pathogen. In this careful and comprehensive review, clinical field information and experimental data have been compiled and compared for the first time to give a precise overview of the current status of vaccine development against S. suis. The candidate antigens and vaccine formulations under research are examined and the feasibility of reaching the goal of a "universal" cross-protective S. suis vaccine discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Segura
- a Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Montreal , Saint-Hyacinthe , Quebec , J2S 2M2 Canada
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19
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Bi L, Pian Y, Chen S, Ren Z, Liu P, Lv Q, Zheng Y, Zhang S, Hao H, Yuan Y, Jiang Y. Toll-like receptor 4 confers inflammatory response to Suilysin. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:644. [PMID: 26167160 PMCID: PMC4481166 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an emerging human pathogen worldwide. A large outbreak occurred in the summer of 2005 in China. Serum samples from this outbreak revealed that levels of the main proinflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in patients with streptococcal toxic-shock-like syndrome (STSLS) than in patients with meningitis only. However, the mechanism underlying the cytokine storm in STSLS caused by SS2 remained unclear. In this study, we found that suilysin (SLY) is the main protein inflammatory stimulus of SS2 and that native SLY (nSLY) stimulated cytokines independently of its haemolytic ability. Interestingly, a small amount of SLY (Å Mol/L) induced strong, long-term TNF-α release from human PBMCs. We also found that nSLY stimulated TNF-α in wild-type macrophages but not in macrophages from mice that carried a spontaneous mutation in TLR4 (P712H). We demonstrated for the first time that SLY stimulates immune cells through TLR4. In addition, the Myd88 adaptor-p38-MAPK pathway was involved in this process. The present study suggested that the TLR4-dependent inflammatory responses induced by SLY in host might contribute to the STSLS caused by SS2 and that p38-MAPK could be used as a target to control the release of excess TNF-α induced by SS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China ; Beijing Key Laboratory of Immunology Regulatory and Organ Transplantation, Basic Research Lab of Organ Transplant Institute, 309th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Beijing, China
| | - Yaya Pian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Shaolong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Huaijie Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing, China
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Dynamic Virus-Bacterium Interactions in a Porcine Precision-Cut Lung Slice Coinfection Model: Swine Influenza Virus Paves the Way for Streptococcus suis Infection in a Two-Step Process. Infect Immun 2015; 83:2806-15. [PMID: 25916988 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00171-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine influenza virus (SIV) and Streptococcus suis are common pathogens of the respiratory tract in pigs, with both being associated with pneumonia. The interactions of both pathogens and their contribution to copathogenesis are only poorly understood. In the present study, we established a porcine precision-cut lung slice (PCLS) coinfection model and analyzed the effects of a primary SIV infection on secondary infection by S. suis at different time points. We found that SIV promoted adherence, colonization, and invasion of S. suis in a two-step process. First, in the initial stages, these effects were dependent on bacterial encapsulation, as shown by selective adherence of encapsulated, but not unencapsulated, S. suis to SIV-infected cells. Second, at a later stage of infection, SIV promoted S. suis adherence and invasion of deeper tissues by damaging ciliated epithelial cells. This effect was seen with a highly virulent SIV subtype H3N2 strain but not with a low-virulence subtype H1N1 strain, and it was independent of the bacterial capsule, since an unencapsulated S. suis mutant behaved in a way similar to that of the encapsulated wild-type strain. In conclusion, the PCLS coinfection model established here revealed novel insights into the dynamic interactions between SIV and S. suis during infection of the respiratory tract. It showed that at least two different mechanisms contribute to the beneficial effects of SIV for S. suis, including capsule-mediated bacterial attachment to SIV-infected cells and capsule-independent effects involving virus-mediated damage of ciliated epithelial cells.
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Chhajer R, Ali N. Genetically modified organisms and visceral leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 2014; 5:213. [PMID: 24860575 PMCID: PMC4030198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases. Since the eradication of small pox in 1976, many other potentially life compromising if not threatening diseases have been dealt with subsequently. This event was a major leap not only in the scientific world already burdened with many diseases but also in the mindset of the common man who became more receptive to novel treatment options. Among the many protozoan diseases, the leishmaniases have emerged as one of the largest parasite killers of the world, second only to malaria. There are three types of leishmaniasis namely cutaneous (CL), mucocutaneous (ML), and visceral (VL), caused by a group of more than 20 species of Leishmania parasites. Visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar is the most severe form and almost fatal if untreated. Since the first attempts at leishmanization, we have killed parasite vaccines, subunit protein, or DNA vaccines, and now we have live recombinant carrier vaccines and live attenuated parasite vaccines under various stages of development. Although some research has shown promising results, many more potential genes need to be evaluated as live attenuated vaccine candidates. This mini-review attempts to summarize the success and failures of genetically modified organisms used in vaccination against some of major parasitic diseases for their application in leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudra Chhajer
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Kolkata , India
| | - Nahid Ali
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Kolkata , India
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22
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Feng Y, Zhang H, Wu Z, Wang S, Cao M, Hu D, Wang C. Streptococcus suis infection: an emerging/reemerging challenge of bacterial infectious diseases? Virulence 2014; 5:477-97. [PMID: 24667807 PMCID: PMC4063810 DOI: 10.4161/viru.28595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a family of pathogenic gram-positive bacterial strains that represents a primary health problem in the swine industry worldwide. S. suis is also an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes severe human infections clinically featuring with varied diseases/syndromes (such as meningitis, septicemia, and arthritis). Over the past few decades, continued efforts have made significant progress toward better understanding this zoonotic infectious entity, contributing in part to the elucidation of the molecular mechanism underlying its high pathogenicity. This review is aimed at presenting an updated overview of this pathogen from the perspective of molecular epidemiology, clinical diagnosis and typing, virulence mechanism, and protective antigens contributing to its zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases & State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease; First Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology; Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC); Urbana, IL USA
| | - Zuowei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames, IA USA
| | - Shihua Wang
- College of Life Sciences; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Epidemiology; Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command; Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology; Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command; Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Changjun Wang
- Department of Epidemiology; Research Institute for Medicine of Nanjing Command; Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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