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Hulland EN, Charpignon ML, El Hayek GY, Desai AN, Majumder MS. "What's in a name?": Using mpox as a case study to understand the importance of communication, advocacy, and information accuracy in disease nomenclature. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.24.24309420. [PMID: 38978677 PMCID: PMC11230329 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.24309420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Historically, many diseases have been named after the species or location of discovery, the discovering scientists, or the most impacted population. However, species-specific disease names often misrepresent the true reservoir; location-based disease names are frequently targeted with xenophobia; some of the discovering scientists have darker histories; and impacted populations have been stigmatized for this association. Acknowledging these concerns, the World Health Organization now proposes naming diseases after their causative pathogen or symptomatology. Recently, this guidance has been retrospectively applied to a disease at the center of an outbreak rife with stigmatization and misinformation: mpox (f.k.a. 'monkeypox'). This disease, historically endemic to west and central Africa, has prompted racist remarks as it spread globally in 2022 in an epidemic ongoing today. Moreover, its elevated prevalence among men who have sex with men has yielded increased stigma against the LGBTQ+ community. To address these prejudicial associations, 'monkeypox' was renamed 'mpox' in November 2022. We used publicly available data from Google Search Trends to determine which countries were quicker to adopt this name change-and understand factors that limit or facilitate its use. Specifically, we built regression models to quantify the relationship between 'mpox' search intensity in a given country and the country's type of political regime, robustness of sociopolitical and health systems, level of pandemic preparedness, extent of gender and educational inequalities, and temporal evolution of mpox cases through December 2023. Our results suggest that, when compared to 'monkeypox' search intensity, 'mpox' search intensity was significantly higher in countries with any history of mpox outbreaks or higher levels of LGBTQ+ acceptance; meanwhile, 'mpox' search intensity was significantly lower in countries governed by leaders who had recently propagated infectious disease misinformation. Among infectious diseases with stigmatizing names, mpox is among the first to be revised retrospectively. While the adoption of a given disease name will be context-specific-depending in part on its origins and the affected subpopulations-our study provides generalizable insights, applicable to future changes in disease nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N Hulland
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Comp Epi Dispersed Volunteer Research Network, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marie-Laure Charpignon
- Comp Epi Dispersed Volunteer Research Network, Boston, MA, United States
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ghinwa Y El Hayek
- Comp Epi Dispersed Volunteer Research Network, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angel N Desai
- Comp Epi Dispersed Volunteer Research Network, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis Health Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Maimuna S Majumder
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Comp Epi Dispersed Volunteer Research Network, Boston, MA, United States
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Rimal RN, Ganjoo R, Jamison A, Parida M, Tharmarajah S. Social norms, vaccine confidence, and interpersonal communication as predictors of vaccination intentions: Findings from slum areas in Varanasi, India. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00666-2. [PMID: 38909001 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, India has seen significant improvements in childhood immunization, but rates among the urban poor remain stagnant. Disruptions during COVID-19 pandemic have created further challenges. This paper focuses on how social norms, vaccine confidence, and interpersonal communication independently and jointly affect vaccine intentions among caregivers of infants living in six slum areas in Varanasi, India. Data for this study come from the baseline assessments conducted before implementing the Happy Baby Program, an intervention to improve vaccination attitudes and intentions. In-person interviews (N = 2,058) were conducted with caretakers of children up to two years old. Analyses showed that interpersonal communication about vaccines, descriptive norms, injunctive norms, and vaccine confidence were each associated with intentions to vaccinate in both a bivariate and, except for injunctive norms, a multivariate model. In addition, we found significant interactions among these variables, suggesting that the roles of interpersonal communication and vaccine confidence attenuated the relationship between social norms and vaccination intention. Overall, our model explained 46.2 % of the variance in vaccine intention. Given the strengths of the relationships observed in this study, intervention strategies should focus on enhancing social norms and vaccine confidence to promote vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv N Rimal
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Amelia Jamison
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manoj Parida
- Development Corner (DCOR), Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Saraniya Tharmarajah
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Guan H, Wang W. Factors Impacting Chinese Older Adults' Intention to Prevent COVID-19 in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Era: Survey Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e53608. [PMID: 38630517 PMCID: PMC11025601 DOI: 10.2196/53608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the factors influencing individuals' health decisions is a dynamic research question. Particularly, after China announced the deregulation of the COVID-19 epidemic, health risks escalated rapidly. The convergence of "no longer controlled" viruses and the infodemic has created a distinctive social period during which multiple factors may have influenced people's decision-making. Among these factors, the precautionary intentions of older individuals, as a susceptible health group, deserve special attention. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the intention of older adults to engage in preventive behaviors and the influencing factors, including social, media, and individual factors, within the context of the postepidemic era. Drawing upon the structural influence model of communication, this study tests the potential mediating roles of 3 different types of media exposure between cognitive and structural social capital and protective behavior intention, as well as the moderating role of negative emotions between social capital and media exposure. METHODS In this study, a web survey was used to collect self-reported quantitative data on social capital, media exposure, negative emotions, and the intention to prevent COVID-19 among older adults aged ≥60 years (N=399) in China. RESULTS The results indicate that cognitive social capital significantly influenced protective behavior intention (P<.001), with cell phone exposure playing an additional impactful role (P<.001). By contrast, newspaper and radio exposure and television exposure mediated the influence of structural social capital on protective behavior intention (P<.001). Furthermore, negative emotions played a moderating role in the relationship between cognitive social capital and cell phone exposure (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that using tailored communication strategies across various media channels can effectively raise health awareness among older adults dealing with major pandemics in China, considering their diverse social capital characteristics and emotional states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Guan
- USC-SJTU Institute of Cultural and Creative Industry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- USC-SJTU Institute of Cultural and Creative Industry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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AlMuammar S, Alshora W, Sadik Gari A, Bahaj RK, Alansari BA. Parental Willingness and Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccination for Children in Saudi Arabia. Pediatric Health Med Ther 2024; 15:29-48. [PMID: 38260725 PMCID: PMC10800286 DOI: 10.2147/phmt.s443272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The study aimed to examine the parents' willingness and its association with demographic factors, attitudes, and practices to vaccinate their child against COVID-19. Patients and Methods The study involved 2500 participants from various regions of Saudi Arabia and was conducted between July 1, 2021, and August 31, 2021. Information was gathered via an online questionnaire comprising 26 questions, distributed across social media platforms. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before the commencement of the study. A chi-square test was applied to analyze the association among variables, utilizing a subset of 2127 participants based on study inclusion criteria. A chi-square test was applied to observe the association. Results The willingness of parents to vaccinae their children against COVID-19 was found 61%. The main reason for taking was "Protect the child" by 1094 (51.4%%) and the main reason for refusing was "Side effects/safety concerns" by 477 (22.4%). 1846 (86.8%) participants, received the COVID-19 vaccine or were planning to receive it. Conclusion Our study concluded that parent's willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 was relatively high in our sample as about two-thirds of them accept the vaccine for their child once it is available. The use of the health belief model demonstrated the urgent requirement for awareness and education campaigns in the private and public sectors to increase awareness of parents not only related to COVID-19 but also to cater to any unexpected or suspected pandemic of infectious disease in the future full capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah AlMuammar
- Family Medicine Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weam Alshora
- Family Medicine Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Sadik Gari
- Family Medicine Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Khalid Bahaj
- Family Medicine Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Andrade G, Abdelmonem KYA, Alqaderi N, Teir HJ, Elamin ABA, Bedewy D. Fear of Needles and Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Acceptance Amongst Adults in the United Arab Emirates: A Cross-Sectional Study and Implications for Nursing. SAGE Open Nurs 2024; 10:23779608241261622. [PMID: 38881678 PMCID: PMC11177738 DOI: 10.1177/23779608241261622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Seasonal influenza remains a challenge in the United Arab Emirates, and vaccination is an important preventive measure. However, fear of needles may be an obstacle in vaccination efforts. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine, in a non-clinical sample obtained from the UAE, how much of an impact fear of needles has on the decision to receive the seasonal influenza vaccine. Methods In the period September-December 2022, 372 participants were surveyed on their willingness to be vaccinated, their level of vaccine knowledge, and their level of fear of needles. Logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of fear of needles and vaccine knowledge on the decision to accept the seasonal influenza vaccine. Results Fear of needles and vaccine knowledge are significant predictors in the decision to receive the vaccine. There were no gender or ethnic differences in fear of needles, but there were differences in the decision to receive the vaccines, with women and non-Arabs being more hesitant. Conclusion Fear of needles may be an important variable to account for in public policies designed to improve vaccination rates in the UAE. For public health policy in the UAE, this implies that authorities must dedicate efforts to manage fear of needles in the general population. Efforts to address fear of vaccines in the general population must be made with proper training of nurses. Alternatively, authorities may need to seek oral alternatives for the administration of the seasonal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dalia Bedewy
- Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
- Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Egbert N, Zhu Y, Choi M, Beam MA, Smith TC. Family Communication Patterns and Parents' Intentions to Vaccinate Their Child Against COVID-19. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:2774-2781. [PMID: 36017868 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2114768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study explored how family communication patterns relate to parental knowledge about COVID-19, vaccine confidence, and intentions to vaccinate their children. Parents from 4 states (Ohio, New York, Georgia, and Texas; n = 702) completed an online survey in March 2021. Results revealed that conversation orientation was positively associated with both COVID-19 knowledge and overall vaccine confidence, which were both positively associated with intentions to vaccinate one's child. The relationships between the 4 subscales of conformity and the outcome variables were mixed. We discuss the potential benefits of applying family communication patterns theory to complicated situations where parents are making health decisions for both themselves and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Zhu
- College of Communication and Information, Kent State University
| | - Mina Choi
- School of Communication Studies, Kent State University
| | - Michael A Beam
- School of Emerging Media and Technology, Kent State University
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Lackner CL, Wang CH. Predictors of Intention to Vaccinate or Continue to Vaccinate Children Against SARS-CoV-2 During the Fifth Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the USA. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231219644. [PMID: 38019902 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231219644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The Centre for Disease Control recommends vaccination of children against SARS-CoV-2 to reduce the severity of COVID-19 disease and reduce the likelihood of associated complications. Vaccination of children requires the consent of parents or guardians, and levels of consent may ebb and flow over the course of the pandemic. This exploratory study examines predictors of parental intentions to vaccinate their children and the speed with which they would have them vaccinated during the fifth wave of the pandemic when vaccines were just being approved for use in children using a convenience sample of 641 parents reporting on 962 children. Multi-level regression analyses demonstrated regional differences in likelihood, with those in the Northeast reporting higher likelihood than those in the West. Parents with a conservative belief system were less likely to want to have their children vaccinated. Parents were more likely to have their child vaccinated if the child had COVID-19-related health risks, their child had a more complete vaccination history, and COVID-19 was perceived to be a greater threat to oneself and one's family. Faster intended vaccination speed was associated with regional urbanicity, liberal belief systems, more complete vaccination histories, and parental COVID-19 vaccination history. Higher levels of parental anxiety and lower levels of perceived vaccine danger were associated with increased speed. The severity of the COVID-19 pandemic within one's county was marginally related to speed, but not likelihood. These results underscore the importance of regular assessment of parental intentions across the pandemic, for practitioners to probe parental anxiety levels when discussing vaccination, to explicitly address risk/benefit analyses when communicating with parents, and to target previously routine unvaccinated parents and those in more rural areas to increase vaccine uptake. Comparisons are made with Galanis et al.'s (2022) recent meta-analysis on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles H Wang
- Performance and Analytics, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Quinn KG, Hunt B, Jacobs J, Valencia J, Hirschtick J, Walsh JL. Community Cohesion, Social Support, and Mental Health among Black Individuals in Chicago: A Cross-Sectional Examination of the Effects on COVID-19 Vaccination. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01837-6. [PMID: 37872464 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic put a significant strain on communities, social resources, and personal relationships, disproportionately impacting Black and low-income communities in the United States. Community cohesion and social support are positively associated with numerous health outcomes and preventive health measures, yet were strained during the pandemic due to COVID mitigation measures. This study examined the relationships between social cohesion, social support, mental health, and COVID-19 vaccination to understand whether community cohesion and social support were associated with increased likelihood of receiving a COVID-19 vaccination. Data are from a cross-sectional survey of 537 Black Chicagoans that was disseminated between September 2021 and March 2022. Structural equation modeling was used to test associations between community cohesion, social support, loneliness, anxiety, stress, and having received a COVID-19 vaccination. Results demonstrated that social support mediated associations between community cohesion and loneliness, anxiety, and stress, but was not associated with COVID-19 vaccination. These results demonstrate the importance of community cohesion and social support on mental health and suggest there are other potential pathways that may link community cohesion and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Quinn
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA.
| | - Bijou Hunt
- Sinai Health System, Sinai Urban Health Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Jacobs
- Sinai Health System, Sinai Urban Health Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jesus Valencia
- Sinai Health System, Sinai Urban Health Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jennifer L Walsh
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Milwaukee, WI, 53202, USA
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Backhaus I, Hoven H, Kawachi I. Far-right political ideology and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: Multilevel analysis of 21 European countries. Soc Sci Med 2023; 335:116227. [PMID: 37722145 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Far-right political parties across the EU have downplayed the risk of COVID-19 and have expressed skepticism toward the safety of the COVID-19 vaccine. This may affect the risk perception of people who support far-right parties and may be associated with an elevated risk of vaccine hesitancy. We aimed to explore if voting far-right is associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and if the association varies by individual and country-level factors. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from 28,057 individuals nested in 21 countries who participated in the tenth round of the European Social Survey (ESS). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was assessed by asking respondents whether they will get vaccinated against COVID-19. Voting behavior was measured by asking respondents which party they voted for in the last election. To test the association between far-right voting and COVID-19 hesitancy, we applied a series of multilevel regression models. We additionally ran models including interaction terms to test if the association differs by sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., institutional trust) or contextual factors (e.g., income inequality). RESULTS We found that far-right voters were 2.7 times more likely to be COVID-19 vaccine hesitant compared to center voters (PR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.46-4.94). The association persisted even after controlling for institutional trust and social participation (adjusted PR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.35-3.42). None of the tested interaction terms were significant suggesting that the association between political ideology and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy does not differ by sociodemographic characteristics or contextual factors. CONCLUSION Voting for far-right parties is associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The association is similar among European countries, regardless of how stringent the public health measures were and magnitude of income inequality in each country. Our findings call for a more in-depth investigation of why, how and under which conditions political ideology affects vaccination behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Backhaus
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Hanno Hoven
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Rufai OH, Chu J, Sayibu M, Shahani R, Amosun TS, Lugu BK, Gonlepa MK, Cherisol MP. Why should I vaccinate? The role of mindfulness and health-protective behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic. HEALTH POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 12:100749. [PMID: 37287500 PMCID: PMC10122961 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective Health maintenance of the general public through vaccination is a significant component of controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to examine the perception of Nigerians toward the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: Informed by the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), 793 Nigerian participants completed a cross-sectional self-administered online survey to assess: (1) their perception of COVID-19 based on fear-mongering information on social media (2) the potential relationship between threat perception, efficacy, and fear associated with the COVID-19 vaccine, vaccine hesitancy, and attitudes toward the decision to uptake the vaccine using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis, and (3) we further employed the use of the hierarchical regression analysis to test the moderating effect of mindful critical thinking between vaccine hesitancy and attitudes toward vaccines. Results Most participants (65.7%) intend to uptake the COVID-19 vaccine. However, many people did not fear the disease (19.2%). Threat perception and efficacy were associated with a decision to uptake the COVID-19 vaccine via the mediation of attitudes toward vaccines. Previous vaccine hesitancy has no relationship with uptake decisions. The hierarchical regression analysis showed that participants exhibiting high critical thinking mindfulness were more interested in taking the vaccine. Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrate that EPPM constructs are effective predictors of the public's decision to uptake the COVID-19 vaccine. This research highlights the theoretical and practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayemi H Rufai
- Department of Philosophy of Science and Technology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Science Communication Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jianxun Chu
- Department of Philosophy of Science and Technology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Science Communication Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Muhideen Sayibu
- Department of Philosophy of Science and Technology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Science Communication Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Riffat Shahani
- Department of Philosophy of Science and Technology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Science Communication Research Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tunde S Amosun
- Department of Philosophy of Science and Technology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Benjamin K Lugu
- Department of Business Administration, School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Miapeh K Gonlepa
- Department of Public Administration, School of Public Affairs, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Michaëlle Patricia Cherisol
- Department of Business, Davenport University, 200 S. Grand Ave, Lansing, Michigan, 48933, United States of America
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Alharbi I, Alharthi R, Aljabri S, Alzhrani R, Alzahrani L, Albagami S. Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Among Saudi Children: Parental Barriers and Willingness to Vaccinate Their Children in the Makkah Region. Cureus 2023; 15:e38878. [PMID: 37303334 PMCID: PMC10257357 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The influenza virus produces everything from seasonal epidemics to unexpected pandemics, making its prevention and management a worldwide public health challenge. The main method to prevent and control seasonal influenza is vaccination. Children responded quite successfully to influenza vaccinations, particularly live vaccines. Despite the strong recommendations and effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccinations in children, some parents still hesitate and refuse to give their children the shot. OBJECTIVE This study, given the importance of knowing the factors that contribute to parents' refusal of influenza vaccine, also aims to assess parental barriers and willingness to vaccinate their children in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia. METHODOLOGY This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among Saudi parents in the Makkah region. For data collection, an online survey was conducted between December 1, 2022, and February 11, 2023. RESULTS In total, 334 of the parents participated in our study. The result shows that there is a significant association between parents' gender and receiving the flu vaccine, with significantly more females (52.4%). Regarding the willingness to get the vaccine, the majority of the parents reported that they will get the vaccine and vaccinate their children, and the most common barrier that prevents parents from vaccinating their children is that they do not need it because they are healthy (21.48%). Furthermore, there is a strong relationship between educational level and knowledge about seasonal influenza vaccination; the majority of parents at each level of education have poor knowledge regarding influenza vaccines. In addition, nearly all of our participants (96.7%) believed the information provided by the Saudi Ministry of Health as well as the advice of their physicians. CONCLUSION This study highlights the need to increase awareness, educate the parents in the Makkah region about the importance of the influenza vaccine, and encourage them to vaccinate their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Alharbi
- Pediatrics, Hematology-Oncology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Reem Alharthi
- Medicine and Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Shuaa Aljabri
- Medicine and Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Razan Alzhrani
- Medicine and Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | | | - Saad Albagami
- Medicine and Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
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12
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Buonanno P, Galletta S, Puca M. The role of civic capital on vaccination. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2023; 32:993-999. [PMID: 36772989 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Can civic-minded individuals fight against a pandemic? In this paper, we show that civic capital plays an important role when assessing the level of compliance with COVID-19 vaccination recommendations. Analyzing data on a large sample of municipalities from the Italian region of Lombardy, we show that the share of vaccinated individuals is significantly higher in municipalities with higher pre-determined levels of civic capital. These findings are robust to the possibility of spatial spillovers across neighboring municipalities. Our findings contribute to the existing evidence highlighting the importance of individual contributions and civic capital as important behavioral determinants affecting the containment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Buonanno
- Department of Economics, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Puca
- Department of Economics, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
- CSEF, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Webster University Geneva, Bellevue, Switzerland
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Li JY, Lee Y. Predicting Public Cooperation Toward Government Actions in the Early Stages of an Influenza Pandemic in the United States: The Role of Authentic Governmental Communication and Relational Quality. COMMUNICATION RESEARCH 2023; 50:230-257. [PMID: 36874393 PMCID: PMC9922657 DOI: 10.1177/00936502221096659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
During a public health crisis, government sector is considered the natural leader for overall preparedness and management efforts. Integrating the literature from public relations and public health disciplines, this study proposes a theoretical model to predict individuals' perceptions, communicative action, as well as their behaviors to follow the governments' instructions in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States. Linking relationship management factors and the framework of the situational theory of problem-solving, the findings of this study demonstrate that authentic communication and relational quality can help increase positive perceptual, attitudinal, and behavioral outcomes desired by governments regarding pandemic management. However, our findings suggested that unproductive uses of authentic governmental communication may create adverse effects on publics' perceptions and interpretations and thus pose potential risks, particularly when a public health issue is significantly politicized. Specifically, this study found that, in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic in which the Trump administration was blamed for lack of planning and halting responses in the fight against the virus, conservatives who believe that the federal government is practicing authentic communication during the pandemic would consider the issue less important and irreverent; meanwhile, they would recognize more barriers to adopt preventive actions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Yun Li
- University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL,
USA
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Machmud PB, Führer A, Gottschick C, Mikolajczyk R. Barriers to and Facilitators of Hepatitis B Vaccination among the Adult Population in Indonesia: A Mixed Methods Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:398. [PMID: 36851280 PMCID: PMC9967628 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To reach the goals of the Global Hepatitis Elimination 2030 program, Indonesia is now preparing a new regulation for hepatitis B vaccinations for adult population. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing vaccine uptake for hepatitis B in the adult population, and identify barriers to, and facilitators of, hepatitis B vaccination programmes. An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was implemented in this study. We conducted a survey involving 893 participants in the general population followed by 14 in-depth interviews with health providers. The survey found that only 15% (95% confidence interval 13-18%) of participants received at least one dose of the hepatitis B vaccine. Factors associated with vaccine uptake were, living in Yogyakarta compared to living in Aceh, having secondary and higher education compared to primary education, working as a health worker compared to working in other sectors, and having health insurance that covered hepatitis B vaccination compared to not having such health insurance. Our qualitative study also identified several barriers to the adult hepatitis B vaccination programme in Indonesia such as the high cost of vaccination, lack of vaccine availability in certain areas, limited human resources to implement the hepatitis B vaccination programme, and the ineffective dissemination of hepatitis B vaccination. This study highlights that accessibility and affordability of vaccinations are important determinants of vaccination uptake that should be taken into account when planning vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Bungsu Machmud
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Faculty, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Prof Dr Bahder Djohan, Depok 16424, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Amand Führer
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Cornelia Gottschick
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
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15
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Saeed KMI, Neyazi N, Nabizada K. Knowledge, attitudes, practice of people toward the COVID-19 pandemics, and its impact in Afghanistan. Front Public Health 2022; 10:983197. [PMID: 36466451 PMCID: PMC9716309 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.983197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the social and economic norms. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices studies are used to address the information gap for further strategic decision making to control the pandemic. This study aimed to find the level of Knowledge, Awareness, Attitudes, and behavioral practices of the people of Afghanistan about the COVID-19 and its impact on health and socio-economic dimension of their routine lives. We used a cross-sectional method with two stage sampling design. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v.20. The survey focused on adults including men and women all over the country to represent the country, including the urban and rural areas. Most of the respondents are in the age group of 21-30 years (46.5%); 60.15% of the participants are married. Almost 75% of females and 84% of males were literate and most participants have a bachelor's degree (34%). More than 80% of participants knew they can prevent themselves from contacting COVID-19 through hand washing frequently with soap and water and wearing a mask. More than 80% of participants responded that they would go for a lab test for detection of the virus as well as COVID-19 vaccination if it is available. Almost 35% reported always wearing a mask to prevent COVID-19 transmission; more than half of participants always wash their hands, more than 60% of them do not touch their eyes, nose, and mouth frequently. Nearly 60% of participants indicated that their household had problems satisfying food needs partly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nearly half of participants believed that the government was successful in applying lockdown measures and in awareness rising (56.8 and 69.8%). The study findings provide some useful insight about the KAP of communities in Afghanistan, which could assist policy makers in public health to design and implement interventions based on the information gaps reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narges Neyazi
- International Campus, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Health System Development, World Health Organization, Kabul, Afghanistan,*Correspondence: Narges Neyazi
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16
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Gong F, Gong Z, Li Z, Min H, Zhang J, Li X, Fu T, Fu X, He J, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wu Y. Impact of Media Use on Chinese Public Behavior towards Vaccination with the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Latent Profile Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101737. [PMID: 36298602 PMCID: PMC9607196 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: research on vaccines has received extensive attention during epidemics. However, few studies have focused on the impact of media use on vaccination behavior and the factors influencing vaccination in groups with different media use degrees; (2) Method: Based on seven items related to media use, a total of 11,031 respondents were categorized by the frequency of media use by using latent profile analysis (LPA). Binary regression analysis was used to study the factors that influence the vaccination behaviors of people with different media use frequencies; (3) Results: All respondents were classified into the following three groups: media use low frequency (9.7%), media use general (67.1%), and media use high frequency (23.2%). Media use low frequency (β = −0.608, p < 0.001) was negatively associated with COVID-19 vaccination behavior. In the media use low frequency, analysis showed that “aged 41 years or older” β = 1.784, p < 0.001), had religious belief (β = 0.075, p < 0.05), were ethnic minorities (β = 0.936, p < 0.01) and had friends support (β = 0.923, p < 0.05) were associated with a preference to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. In the media use general, those who aged 41 years old and older (β = 1.682, p < 0.001), had major depression (β = 0.951, p < 0.05), had friends support (β = 0.048, p < 0.001) would be more likely to receive COVID-19 vaccination. However, respondents who live in towns (β = −0.300, p < 0.01) had lower behaviors to receive vaccination for COVID-19. In the media use high frequency, the respondents who aged 41 or older (β = 1.010, p < 0.001), were ethnic minorities (β = 0.741, p < 0.001), had moderate depression (β = 1.003, p < 0.05) would receive the vaccination for COVID-19 positively; (4) Conclusions: The more occluded the media use is, the less likely the respondents are to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Vaccination behavior is influenced by different factors in groups with different frequencies of media use. Therefore, the government and appropriate departments should make individualized and targeted strategies about COVID-19 vaccination and disseminate the vaccination information to different media use groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmin Gong
- School of Literature and Journalism Communication, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Zhuliu Gong
- School of Literature and Journalism Communication, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
- Correspondence: (Z.G.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-186-9238-7960 (Z.G.); +86-181-456-81982 (Y.W.)
| | - Zhou Li
- School of Literature and Journalism Communication, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Hewei Min
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinzi Zhang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150088, China
| | - Xialei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tongtong Fu
- Department of Nursing, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110055, China
| | - Xiaomin Fu
- School of Management, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Jingbo He
- School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150088, China
- Correspondence: (Z.G.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-186-9238-7960 (Z.G.); +86-181-456-81982 (Y.W.)
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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17
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Zhang Z, Liu G, Chen B, Huang K. Social asset or social liability? How partisanship moderates the relationship between social capital and Covid-19 vaccination rates across United States counties. Soc Sci Med 2022; 311:115325. [PMID: 36115131 PMCID: PMC9434956 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the interactive effect of social capital and partisanship on COVID-19 vaccination rates. Using county-level data from the United States (U.S.), we empirically find that social capital is a double-edged sword. Its effect on the vaccination rate depends on the dominant partisanship of the jurisdiction. In more liberal counties, stronger social capital is a social asset that encourages people to seek vaccination and results in a higher vaccination rate. In contrast, in more conservative counties where the Trump-voting rate reaches 73% and beyond, stronger social capital becomes a social liability for public health by reinforcing residents' hesitancy toward or rejection of vaccinations, leading to a lower vaccination rate. This study implies the need for reducing the partisanship salience and investing in bridging and linking social capital in polarized communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Political Science, Kansas State University, USA.
| | - Gao Liu
- School of Public Administration, Florida Atlantic University, USA.
| | - Bin Chen
- Marxe School of Public and International Affairs, Baruch College & The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, USA.
| | - Kun Huang
- School of Public Administration and College of Population Health, The University of New Mexico, USA.
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18
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Yan J, Ji J, Gao L. From Health Campaign to Interpersonal Communication: Does Traditional Diet Culture Hinder the Communication of the Chinese Gongkuai Campaign? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9992. [PMID: 36011627 PMCID: PMC9407717 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interpersonal communication is beneficial in promoting individuals' tendency to accept health-campaign-targeted behavior. Based on the protective action decision model, this study investigated the key factors underlying individual's interpersonal communication on the Gongkuai campaign, which was carried out during Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The main goal of the Gongkuai campaign was to change traditional communal eating habits and reduce public health risks. An online questionnaire survey involving 618 respondents was conducted in China after the 2020 Gongkuai campaign propagated, and the data were analyzed by using the structural equation modeling technique. The results indicated that health campaign exposure is a critical determinant of perceived campaign-related knowledge and health risk perception, which are significant predictors of interpersonal communication. Meanwhile, campaign-related knowledge can elicit risk perception. Furthermore, campaign exposure influenced interpersonal communication in ways that traditional diet culture did not predict. Risk perception was also unaffected by traditional diet culture. It is worth noting that individuals' agreement with traditional diet culture does not hinder health campaign-generated interpersonal communication in the context of public health crisis. Based on the findings, theoretical and policy implications for motivating interpersonal communication were discussed, and research limitations were pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lan Gao
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
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19
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Association between Social Engagements and Stigmatization of COVID-19 Infection among Community Population in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159050. [PMID: 35897433 PMCID: PMC9329772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In the face of unknown risks, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we tend to have stigmatized perceptions. The current study aimed to examine the association of social engagements with the level of stigmatization of COVID-19 infection among the general population. The data of 429 participants of the Utsunomiya COVID-19 seroprevalence neighborhood association (U-CORONA) study, a population-based cohort study conducted in Utsunomiya City, Japan, were analyzed. Their stigmatized perception of people with COVID-19 infection was evaluated via a questionnaire for the situation if they or others in their community were to get infected. The association between social engagements (community social capital, social network diversity, and social network size) and stigmatization were analyzed by a multiple linear regression model with generalized estimating equations. Overall, females reported a higher stigmatized perception of people with COVID-19 than males. Lower education and depressive symptoms were also positively associated with higher stigmatization, while age, household income, and comorbidities were not. People with higher community social capital reported lower stigmatization (B = −0.69, 95% CI = −1.23 to −0.16), while social network diversity and social network size did not show an association with stigmatization. We found an association between community social capital and stigmatization, suggesting that enhancing their community social capital, but not social network diversity and size, has the potential to mitigate the levels of stigmatization.
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20
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Machida M, Kikuchi H, Kojima T, Nakamura I, Saito R, Nakaya T, Hanibuchi T, Takamiya T, Odagiri Y, Fukushima N, Amagasa S, Watanabe H, Inoue S. Individual-level social capital and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Japan: a cross-sectional study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2086773. [PMID: 35708308 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2086773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To reduce vaccine hesitancy, it is important to identify factors that can intervene at the individual or community level. Social capital is a possible factor because it is associated with various vaccine hesitancy, such as for measles and influenza. However, limited studies have explored the association between social capital and vaccination for COVID-19, which is an unprecedented pandemic and infodemic. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the association between social capital and COVID-19 vaccination during the pandemic. This cross-sectional study used quota sampling for an online-based survey. Participants were asked whether they had previously been vaccinated for COVID-19 and their intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine booster. Social capital was evaluated using three measures (individual-level civic participation, social cohesion, and reciprocity). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to clarify the association between social capital and previous COVID-19 vaccination status as well as intention to receive a COVID-19 booster. Participants were 2,313 individuals, of whom 87.2% had received a COVID-19 vaccine; 72.3% intended to obtain a COVID-19 booster. Individuals with any social capital are more likely to receive a COVID-19 vaccination than those with none (OR: 1.73, 95%CI: 1.18-2.54; OR: 1.58, 95%CI: 1.22-2.05; OR: 3.05, 95%CI: 2.15-4.33). These indicators were also associated with the intention to receive a COVID-19 booster. Thus, our results suggest that among the general public, those with individual-level social capital are more likely to receive a COVID-19 vaccination than those with none. Social capital may be a factor that can reduce vaccine hesitancy during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Machida
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kikuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Kojima
- Department of International Medical Communications, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Itaru Nakamura
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health (Public Health), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hanibuchi
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takamiya
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Odagiri
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Fukushima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Amagasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Watanabe
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Carson B, Isaacs J, Carilli T. Jabbing together? The complementarity between social capital, formal public health rules, and COVID-19 vaccine rates in the United States. Vaccine 2022; 40:3781-3787. [PMID: 35610104 PMCID: PMC9117159 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine rates provide a unique opportunity to explore vaccine hesitancy and potential interactions between social capital and individual, normative values, namely for public health and/or personal freedom. While economists and public health scholars realize the independent effects social capital and stringent public health rules have on prevalence and mortality rates, few recognize how these factors influence vaccination rates. We advance this literature with a novel framework to analyze these interactions. With county-level data on COVID-19 vaccinations, social capital, and measures of the values people have for personal freedom and public health, we find that vaccination rates depend on individual values, the level of social capital, and the interaction between the two. Social capital mediates the values people hold dear, which can influence vaccination rates in positive and negative ways. Our results are robust to the inclusion of relevant controls and under multiple specifications. These results suggest that individuals and the communities people enter into and exit out of play an important role in decisions to vaccinate, which are independent of formal, governmental public health measures.
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22
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Machmud PB, Glasauer S, Gayatri D, Mikolajczyk R. Mother’s Media Use and Children’s Vaccination Status in Indonesia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Glob Pediatr Health 2022; 9:2333794X221092740. [PMID: 35465198 PMCID: PMC9019379 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x221092740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposing appropriate information to mothers is a key factor for children’s immunization status. This study aims to assess the influence of mothers’ media use on their children’s vaccination status in Indonesia, using the 2017 Indonesia Demographic Health Survey data. A multilevel multinomial logistic regression model was employed. Mothers who used media irregularly and regularly had higher odds of having partially vaccinated children (vs unvaccinated) than mothers who never used media with adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.74; 95% Confidence interval (95% CI): 1.06-2.85 and aOR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.02-2.16, respectively. Furthermore, they had higher odds of having a fully vaccinated child (vs unvaccinated) (aOR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.12-3.08 for irregular media use and aOR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.64-3.53 for regular media use vs. no media use). Our findings suggest that mothers’ media use could positively affect their children’s vaccination status by increasing mothers’ knowledge about children’s vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Bungsu Machmud
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical School of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- Putri Bungsu Machmud, University of Indonesia, Jalan Prof Badher Djohan, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
| | - Saskia Glasauer
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical School of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dwi Gayatri
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical School of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics, and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical School of the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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23
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Media Exposure and Media Credibility Influencing Public Intentions for Influenza Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040526. [PMID: 35455275 PMCID: PMC9024633 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the low rate of influenza vaccination in China, this study explores the factors influencing the Chinese public’s influenza vaccination intentions. Based on the technology acceptance model (TAM), this study builds a theoretical model to examine the factors influencing Chinese public intentions toward influenza vaccination. We define media exposure and media credibility as external variables and the perceived characteristics of influenza vaccines as intermediate variables in the proposed model. A total of 597 valid questionnaires were collected online in this study. Combined with structural equation modeling (SEM), SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 17.0 were used to conduct empirical research, supporting the proposed research hypotheses. The results show that media exposure and media credibility have no direct effects on the audience’s intention to take the influenza vaccine. However, media exposure positively influences media credibility, influencing vaccination intentions through perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU). Furthermore, PU and PEOU significantly positively influence behavioral intentions, and PEOU significantly affects PU. This paper has proven that media with better credibility gained more trust from the audience, indicating a new perspective for the promotion of influenza vaccination. This study suggests releasing influenza-related information via media with great credibility, further improving public acceptance of becoming vaccinated.
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24
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Quiroz-Gomez S, Guzman-Moreno M, Miranda-De La Cruz A, Garcia-Hernandez JM, Arcos-Castillo KDC, Contrera-Madrigal JD. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices toward the COVID-19 Pandemic in Tabasco, México. Am J Health Behav 2022; 46:29-38. [PMID: 35227367 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.46.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: In this study, we identify knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of the people of the State of Tabasco (Mexico) as they influence transmission and mitigation of COVID-19. Methods: We used an Internet-based survey (N=1848) from March to July 2021, with a probabilistic sampling stratified by municipalities. Results: Most respondents demonstrated knowledge about the etiology and symptoms of COVID-19 - they assume that anyone can contract the disease, and at least 53.5% knew that the cause is a virus. They believed that it constitutes a problem for their community due to its easy transmission; however, they consider themselves to be only at medium risk. They have adopted preventive measures such as handwashing, staying home, and social distancing; however, when analyzing protecting the community, they refer to other people as having responsibility for preventing disease spread. Conclusions: Interventions focused on social and cultural contexts are required. Sociodemographic and ideological factors influence disinformation, limited interventions, and cognitive dissonance. This type of research contributes to discovering areas of opportunity for government and public health organizations to prioritize practical actions and reduce eventual outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Quiroz-Gomez
- Sergio Quiroz-Gomez, Academic Division of Health Sciences, Juárez Autonomous University, Tabasco, México;,
| | - Marisol Guzman-Moreno
- Marisol Guzman-Moreno, Sanitary Jurisdiction Tenosique Tabasco, Tabasco Health Secretariat, Tabasco, México
| | - Armando Miranda-De La Cruz
- Armando Miranda-De la Cruz. Multidisciplinary Academic Division of the Rivers, Juárez Autonomous University, Tabasco, México
| | - Janett Marina Garcia-Hernandez
- Janett Marina Garcia-Hernandez, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of the Rivers, Juárez Autonomous University, Tabasco, México
| | - Karina del Carmen Arcos-Castillo
- Karina del Carmen Arcos-Castillo. Multidisciplinary Academic Division of the Rivers, Juárez Autonomous University, Tabasco, México
| | - Jairo David Contrera-Madrigal
- Jairo David Contrera-Madrigal, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of the Rivers, Juárez Autonomous University, Tabasco, México
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25
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Bartscher AK, Seitz S, Siegloch S, Slotwinski M, Wehrhöfer N. Social capital and the spread of covid-19: Insights from european countries. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2021; 80:102531. [PMID: 34607120 PMCID: PMC8520571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of social capital on health outcomes during the Covid-19 pandemic in independent analyses for Austria, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. Exploiting detailed geographical variation within countries, we show that a one-standard-deviation increase in social capital leads to between 14% and 34% fewer Covid-19 cases per capita accumulated from mid-March until end of June 2020, as well as between 6% and 35% fewer excess deaths per capita. Our results highlight the positive health returns of strengthening social capital.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Seitz
- ZEW and University of Mannheim, L7 3-5, Mannheim 68131, Germany.
| | | | | | - Nils Wehrhöfer
- Deutsche Bundesbank and ZEW, Wilhelm-Epstein-Strae 14, Frankfurt 60431, Germany.
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26
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Jamieson T, Caldwell D, Gomez-Aguinaga B, Doña-Reveco C. Race, Ethnicity, Nativity and Perceptions of Health Risk during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111113. [PMID: 34769632 PMCID: PMC8583522 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous research demonstrates that pandemics, including COVID-19, have disproportionate effects on communities of color, further exacerbating existing healthcare inequities. While increasing evidence points to the greater threat posed by COVID-19 to Latinx communities, less remains known about how identification as Latinx and migration status influence their perception of risk and harm. In this article, we use cross-sectional data from a large national probability sample to demonstrate a large positive association between ethnic identity and migration status and perceptions of harm from COVID-19 in the US. We find that individuals identifying as Hispanic/Latinx and first-generation immigrants report significantly greater risks of becoming infected by COVID-19 in the next three months, and dying from the virus if they do contract it. Further, subgroup analysis reveals that health risks are especially felt by individuals of Mexican descent, who represent the largest share of US Latinxs. Collectively, our results provide evidence about how the pandemic places increased stress on people from Latinx and immigrant communities relative to White non-Hispanic individuals in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jamieson
- School of Public Administration, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (D.C.); (B.G.-A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dakota Caldwell
- School of Public Administration, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (D.C.); (B.G.-A.)
| | - Barbara Gomez-Aguinaga
- School of Public Administration, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (D.C.); (B.G.-A.)
| | - Cristián Doña-Reveco
- Office of Latino/Latin American Studies and Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA;
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Spanish-Language News Consumption and Latino Reactions to COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189629. [PMID: 34574561 PMCID: PMC8467893 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
While the literature on infectious disease outbreaks has examined the extent to which communication inequalities during public health emergencies exacerbate negative outcomes among disadvantaged individuals, the implications of ethnic media consumption among minority groups during these crises are underexplored. Making use of the first nationally representative survey of US Latinos (N = 1200) on the impact and reactions to COVID-19, this study examines the implications of Spanish-language news media consumption on source credibility and attitude formation during the COVID-19 pandemic among Latinos and immigrants from Latin America. Through a series of statistical analyses, this study finds that ethnic news consumption is strongly associated with trust in Spanish-language journalists, whereas mainstream media consumption is not associated with trust in English-language journalists. More importantly, this study finds that source credibility, particularly in Spanish-language journalists, matters for Latinos as it is associated with more positive assessments of state and local officials providing adequate information about COVID-19. This study illuminates the importance of non-traditional media among racial minorities, who account for almost 40% of the US population, and highlights the importance of shared backgrounds in source credibility among linguistically diverse groups in the United States during a public health crisis.
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Yu Y, Lau MMC, Jiang H, Lau JTF. Prevalence and Factors of the Performed or Scheduled COVID-19 Vaccination in a Chinese Adult General Population in Hong Kong. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:847. [PMID: 34451972 PMCID: PMC8402378 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, COVID-19 vaccination programs have been rolled out. To inform health promotion, this study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of performance or being scheduled to perform at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccination (PSCV) in a Chinese adult general population. METHODS An anonymous, random telephone survey interviewed 500 adults aged 18-75 in Hong Kong, China from 14-27 May 2021. RESULTS The prevalence of PSCV was 21.0%, which was significantly lower among females and those aged ≤30. Positively associated factors of PSCV included perceived protection effect of vaccination, self-perceived physical fitness for vaccination, compulsory COVID-19 testing experience, perceived need to travel, general trust toward the government, and trust toward the governmental vaccination program, while negatively associated factors included perceived low efficacy of vaccination, concerns about side effects, and chronic disease status. Furthermore, the association between sex and PSCV was fully mediated by stronger concern about side effects and lower levels of self-perceived physical fitness for COVID-19 vaccination among females than males. CONCLUSION Moderately low prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination was observed in Hong Kong, where there was no shortage of vaccine supply. To achieve herd immunity, health promotion is greatly warranted and may incorporate messages based on the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph T. F. Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.Y.); (M.M.C.L.); (H.J.)
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Lackner CL, Wang CH. Demographic, psychological, and experiential correlates of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination intentions in a sample of Canadian families. Vaccine X 2021; 8:100091. [PMID: 33778480 PMCID: PMC7983323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2021.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been ongoing for close to a year, with second waves occurring presently and many viewing vaccine uptake as the most likely way to curb successive waves and promote herd immunity. Reaching herd immunity status likely necessitates that children, as well as their parents, receive a vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2. In this exploratory study, we investigated the demographic, experiential, and psychological factors associated with the anticipated likelihood and speed of having children receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in a sample of 455 Canadian families (858 children; parents' mean age = 38.2 ± 6.82 years). Using linear mixed-effects and proportional odds logistic regression models, we demonstrated that older parental age, living in the Prairies (relative to Central Canada), more complete child vaccination history, and a greater tendency to prioritise the risks of the disease relative to the risks of side effects (i.e. lower omission bias) were associated with higher likelihoods of intention to vaccinate participants' children, with trend-level associations with lower perceived danger of the vaccine and higher psychological avoidance of the pandemic. Faster speed of intended vaccination was predicted by a similar constellation of variables with an additional predictor of a child in the family having a COVID-19 related health risk being associated with slower intended speed. Results are discussed concerning public health knowledge mobilisation and the unique Canadian health landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L. Lackner
- Psychology Department, Mount St. Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3M2J6, Canada
| | - Charles H. Wang
- Performance and Analytics, Nova Scotia Health Authority (Central Zone), Charter Place Offices Suite 404, 1465 Brenton Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J3T4, Canada
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Yan J, Ouyang Z, Vinnikova A, Chen M. Avoidance of the Threats of Defective Vaccines: How a Vaccine Scandal Influences Parents' Protective Behavioral Response. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:962-971. [PMID: 32036688 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1724638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the key factors underlying parents' protective responses to avoid the threats of defective vaccines. We constructed a hypothetical model to explore this issue based on the protective action decision model and risk information perspective. A questionnaire survey involving 584 respondents was conducted in Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, China, after the 2018 vaccine scandal broke. The results indicate that perceived vaccine knowledge is a vital determinant of perceived negative publicity, information forwarding, risk perception, and systematic processing. Moreover, perceived negative publicity significantly predicts information forwarding and risk perception. Perceived negative publicity and information forwarding both positively influence systematic processing. Furthermore, parents' protective responses are motivated by risk perception but fail to be stimulated by systematic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Institute of Urban and Rural Economics, Anhui Academy of Social Sciences
| | - Zhe Ouyang
- Department of Business Administration, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics
| | - Anna Vinnikova
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China
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Thanee C, Kittikraisak W, Sinthuwattanawibool C, Roekworachai K, Klinklom A, Kornsitthikul K, Jirasakpisarn S, Srirompotong U, Chittaganpitch M, Dawood FS, Suntarattiwong P, Mott JA, Chotpitayasunondh T. Knowledge, attitude/perception, and practice related to seasonal influenza vaccination among caregivers of young Thai children: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253561. [PMID: 34170935 PMCID: PMC8232445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Seasonal influenza vaccination uptake among young children in Thailand is low despite national recommendation for vaccination. We implemented a knowledge, attitude/perception, and practice survey to understand determinants of influenza vaccination in children aged six months to two years. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, we interviewed caregivers of 700 children in seven hospitals using a structured questionnaire to collect information on caregivers’ and children’s demographic characteristics, and caregivers’ knowledge of influenza illness and national vaccine recommendation, attitude/perception toward influenza vaccine, and information sources. We verified children’s influenza vaccination status against medical records (vaccinated vs. unvaccinated). Logistic regression was used to examine factors independently associated with children receiving influenza vaccination in the 2018 season using the dataset restricted to only children’s parents. Variables associated with vaccination at p-value ≤0.20 were included in subsequent multivariable logistic models. Significant independent determinants of children’s influenza vaccination and collinearity of covariates were assessed. The final model was constructed using a stepwise backward elimination approach with variables significant at p-value <0.05 retained in the model. Results During August 2018-February 2019, 700 children’s caregivers completed the questionnaire; 61 (9%) were caregivers of vaccinated children. Caregivers of the vaccinated children were statistically more likely to have higher education (61% vs. 38%; p-value<0.01) and to know of influenza illness (93% vs. 76%; p-value = 0.03) than those of the unvaccinated group. Factors associated with children receiving influenza vaccination were identifying healthcare providers as a primary source of information about influenza illness for parents (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–6.0), parents’ strongly agreeing with the national recommendation for influenza vaccination in young children (aOR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.5–5.9), using health insurance provided by the government or parent’s employer for children’s doctor visits (aOR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1–6.6), and the children’s history of receiving influenza vaccination in the 2017 season or earlier (aOR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.4–7.8). Conclusion The majority of caregivers of children in this study had knowledge of influenza illness and influenza vaccine. Caregivers reported various sources of information regarding influenza illness and the vaccine, but healthcare providers remained the most trusted source. Children’s history of influenza vaccination in prior season(s) was the strongest determinant of children being vaccinated for influenza in the current season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chareeya Thanee
- Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Wanitchaya Kittikraisak
- Influenza Program, Thailand Ministry of Public Health–U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Chalinthorn Sinthuwattanawibool
- Influenza Program, Thailand Ministry of Public Health–U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Arunee Klinklom
- Surat Thani Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | - Fatimah S. Dawood
- Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Piyarat Suntarattiwong
- Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joshua A. Mott
- Influenza Program, Thailand Ministry of Public Health–U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tawee Chotpitayasunondh
- Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
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Yücel A. Symbolic annihilation of Syrian refugees by Turkish news media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:137. [PMID: 34116671 PMCID: PMC8195449 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article presents a discussion about the representation of Syrian refugees in Turkish news media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Media play a critical role during pandemics by affecting values, opinions, public knowledge about stigmatized groups. When media ignore and stereotypically represent a social group, the social value of the group decreases, and their problems are trivialized. METHOD I analyzed data provided by Media Monitoring Center which is an independent media company in Turkey. Sample was selected to reveal news representation of Syrian refugees between March 11, 2020 (the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Turkey) and August 20, 2020 (the time of this research). Mostly watched television evening (prime) news, the most widely circulated newspapers, and the most visited online news platforms were analyzed. By using content analysis method, the news stories about Syrian refugees were examined. RESULTS It has been revealed that Turkish news media overwhelmingly acclaimed for Turkey's polices on Syrian refugees and the criticized the European Union policies towards refugees in the news stories. Even though almost 4 million Syrian refugees live in Turkey, with the largest refugee population in the world, Turkish news media ignored the plight of Syrian refugees. CONCLUSION Results of the study demonstrate that Syrian refugees were symbolically annihilated by Turkish news media during the COVID-19 pandemic. The concealment of information and symbolic annihilation of disadvantaged groups could potentially cause health disparities and irreparable harm to public health. Moreover, inequities exacerbate when predicaments of stigmatized groups are ignored in the news media. Further studies are needed to reveal the impact of the media on health disparities among stigmatized groups during the pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Yücel
- Faculty of Communication, Department of Media, Istanbul Bilgi University, Santralistanbul Kampusu, Eski Silahtaraga Elektrik Santrali Kazim Karabekir Cad. No: 2/13 34060 Eyupsultan, Istanbul, Turkey.
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The Pathways Linking to Sleep Habits among Children and Adolescents: A Complete Survey at Setagaya-ku, Tokyo. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126309. [PMID: 34200815 PMCID: PMC8296119 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been noted that Japanese children sleep the least in the world, and this has become a major social issue. This study examined the pathways linked to sleep habits (SH) among children and adolescents. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in March 2019 on children and their parents at all 63 public elementary and 29 public junior high schools in Setagaya-ku, Tokyo. For the analysis, 22,385 pairs of children-parent responses (valid response rate: 68.8%) with no missing data were used. This survey collected data on SH, physical activity (PA), screen time (ST) for the child, and lifestyle and neighborhood social capital (NSC) for the parents. Moreover, the pathways linking 'NSC' → 'parental lifestyle' → 'child's PA/ST' →'child's SH' were examined through structural equation modeling. The results indicated that children's SH were affected by their PA and ST and influenced by the lifestyle of their parents and the NSC that surrounds them. Thus, we concluded that it is necessary to provide direct interventions and take additional measures with regard to parent lifestyle and their NSC to solve persistent sleep problems in children.
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Jain P. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Positive Psychology: The Role of News and Trust in News on Mental Health and Well-Being. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 26:317-327. [PMID: 34185615 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1946219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
As of writing of this paper, over 94 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with COVID-19 infection and over 2 million people have died. During crisis situations, people seek news to gain information and reduce uncertainty. Although news could provide some means of control, the constant access may also cause emotional distress. Research suggests that consumption of crisis news leads to high psychological distress and fear that may impact intentions to engage in healthy behavior. Fake news and widespread misinformation during this pandemic have obliterated public trust in news which can also affect mental health. Therefore, in this research we explore the impact of news exposure on mental well-being and test for plausible explanations. Utilizing survey methodology, we examine the role of news exposure on perceived stress, happiness, satisfaction, gratitude and the moderating impact of interest in COVID-19 news on the same. In addition, we propose trust in news as a mediator of the relationship between news exposure and abovementioned variables. The findings suggest that high levels of news exposure, combined with low levels of interest in COVID-19 news, led people to experience more stress and low satisfaction, gratitude, and happiness. However, when interest in COVID-19 news was high, people experienced more gratitude and happiness with increasing exposure. High levels of news exposure led to lower levels of trust that led to low satisfaction and happiness. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Jain
- Associate Professor, E.W. Scripps School of Journalism,Scripps College of Communication,Ohio University, Athens, OH
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Nawa N, Yamaoka Y, Koyama Y, Nishimura H, Sonoda S, Kuramochi J, Miyazaki Y, Fujiwara T. Association between Social Integration and Face Mask Use Behavior during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Japan: Results from U-CORONA Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094717. [PMID: 33925191 PMCID: PMC8125384 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Face mask use is a critical behavior to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to evaluate the association between social integration and face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic in a random sample of households in Utsunomiya City, Greater Tokyo, Japan. Data included 645 adults in the Utsunomiya COVID-19 seROprevalence Neighborhood Association (U-CORONA) study, which was conducted after the first wave of the pandemic, between 14 June 2020 and 5 July 2020, in Utsunomiya City. Social integration before the pandemic was assessed by counting the number of social roles, based on the Cohen's social network index. Face mask use before and during the pandemic was assessed by questionnaire, and participants were categorized into consistent mask users, new users, and current non-users. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between lower social integration score and face mask use. To account for possible differential non-response bias, non-response weights were used. Of the 645 participants, 172 (26.7%) were consistent mask users and 460 (71.3%) were new users, while 13 (2.0%) were current non-users. Lower social integration level was positively associated with non-users (RRR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.82). Social integration may be important to promote face mask use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Nawa
- Department of Medical Education Research and Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5803-5187; Fax: +81-3-5803-5190-2663
| | - Yui Yamaoka
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (Y.Y.); (Y.K.); (H.N.); (T.F.)
| | - Yuna Koyama
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (Y.Y.); (Y.K.); (H.N.); (T.F.)
| | - Hisaaki Nishimura
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (Y.Y.); (Y.K.); (H.N.); (T.F.)
| | - Shiro Sonoda
- Kuramochi Clinic Interpark, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-0114, Japan; (S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Jin Kuramochi
- Kuramochi Clinic Interpark, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-0114, Japan; (S.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Yasunari Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan;
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (Y.Y.); (Y.K.); (H.N.); (T.F.)
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Huang CH, Chou TC, Liu JS. The development of pandemic outbreak communication: A literature review from the response enactment perspective. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH & PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14778238.2021.1915195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hao Huang
- Department of Information Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chuan Chou
- Department of Information Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John S. Liu
- Graduate Institute of Technology Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ransome Y, Ojikutu BO, Buchanan M, Johnston D, Kawachi I. Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Inequalities in COVID-19 Diagnosis Rates by Area-Level Black/African American Racial Composition. J Urban Health 2021; 98:222-232. [PMID: 33759068 PMCID: PMC7986648 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-021-00532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Geographic inequalities in COVID-19 diagnosis are now well documented. However, we do not sufficiently know whether inequalities are related to social characteristics of communities, such as collective engagement. We tested whether neighborhood social cohesion is associated with inequalities in COVID-19 diagnosis rate and the extent the association varies across neighborhood racial composition. We calculated COVID-19 diagnosis rates in Philadelphia, PA, per 10,000 general population across 46 ZIP codes, as of April 2020. Social cohesion measures were from the Southeastern Pennsylvania Household Health Survey, 2018. We estimated Poisson regressions to quantify associations between social cohesion and COVID-19 diagnosis rate, testing a multiplicative interaction with Black racial composition in the neighborhood, which we operationalize via a binary indicator of ZIP codes above vs. below the city-wide average (41%) Black population. Two social cohesion indicators were significantly associated with COVID-19 diagnosis. Associations varied across Black neighborhood racial composition (p <0.05 for the interaction test). In ZIP codes with ≥41% of Black people, higher collective engagement was associated with an 18% higher COVID-19 diagnosis rate (IRR=1.18, 95%CI=1.11, 1.26). In contrast, areas with <41% of Black people, higher engagement was associated with a 26% lower diagnosis rate (IRR=0.74, 95%CI=0.67, 0.82). Neighborhood social cohesion is associated with both higher and lower COVID-19 diagnosis rates, and the extent of associations varies across Black neighborhood racial composition. We recommend some strategies for reducing inequalities based on the segmentation model within the social cohesion and public health intervention framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Ransome
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, LEPH 4th Floor, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Bisola O Ojikutu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Global Health Equity, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Morgan Buchanan
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, LEPH 4th Floor, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Demerise Johnston
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Imbulana Arachchi J, Managi S. The role of social capital in COVID-19 deaths. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:434. [PMID: 33657999 PMCID: PMC7928173 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has shown a continuously increasing trend with a large variation in the number of COVID-19 deaths across countries. In response, many countries have implemented non pharmaceutical methods of intervention, such as social distancing and lockdowns. This study aims to investigate the relationship of four dimensions of social capital (community attachment, social trust, family bond, and security) and several control variables with COVID-19 deaths. Methods We retrieved data from open access databases and a survey. COVID-19 death-related data were collected from the website “Centre for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University”. Social capital-related data were collected from a large-scale survey that included web-based and face-to-face surveys covering 100,956 respondents across all regions/provinces/states of 37 countries in 2017. Data regarding population density, number of hospital beds, and population aged 65 or older were retrieved from the World Development Indicators (WDIs). Data on country lockdowns were obtained from the website “National responses to the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic”. Linear regressions were applied to identify the relationship between social capital and COVID-19 deaths. Results We found that COVID-19 deaths were associated with social capital both positively and negatively. Community attachment and social trust were associated with more COVID-19 deaths, and family bond and security were associated with fewer deaths. COVID-19 deaths were positively associated with population density, ageing population, and interactions between four dimensions of social capital-related factors and the ageing population. Furthermore, the number of hospital beds and early lockdown policy were negatively associated with COVID-19 deaths. Conclusions The results indicate that the role of social capital in dynamically evolving threats, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, is not always negative or positive. Therefore, people’s behaviour should be changed to support countries’ response to the COVID-19 threat. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10475-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaki Imbulana Arachchi
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Managi
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,Urban Institute, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Kim D. Exploratory study on the spatial relationship between emerging infectious diseases and urban characteristics: Cases from Korea. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2021; 66:102672. [PMID: 33520608 PMCID: PMC7828747 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In the modern global context of interconnected populations, the recent emergence of infectious diseases involves complex interactions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial correlations between urban characteristics, taking into account the socio-ecological aspects, and the emergence of infectious diseases. Using exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial regression between the infectious disease emergence data and 14 urban characteristics, we analyzed 225 spatial units in South Korea, where there was a re-emergence of measles and a 2015 outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. As results of exploratory spatial data analysis, the emerging infectious diseases had spatial dependence and showed spatial clusters. Spatial regression models showed that urban characteristic factors had different effects according to the type of infectious disease. Common factors were characteristics related to low socioeconomic status in water or food-borne diseases and manageable infectious diseases. Intermittent infections disease epidemics are related to high-quality residential environments and the response capacity of the local government. New infectious diseases are different than other infectious diseases, which are related to the ecological environment. This study suggests spatial policies for preventing infectious diseases considering the spatial relationships between urban characteristics and infectious diseases as well as the management of public health.
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Key Words
- AIDS, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
- CJD, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- CRE, Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
- Disease prevention
- EID, emerging infectious diseases
- Exploratory spatial data analysis
- HFRS, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
- HH, High-High
- HL, High-Low
- Infectious diseases
- LH, Low-High
- LISA, Local Indicators of Spatial Association
- LL, Low-Low
- MERS, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
- MOHW, Ministry of Health and Welfare
- MRPA, multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa
- MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- SARS, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
- SFTS, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
- Social-ecology
- Urbanization
- VRE, vancomycin-resistant enterococci
- VRSA, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Kim
- Department of Urban Planning and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
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Understanding the influence of contextual factors and individual social capital on American public mask wearing in response to COVID-19. Health Place 2021; 68:102537. [PMID: 33636596 PMCID: PMC7894115 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The COVID–19 pandemic poses unprecedented risks to the health and well-being of the entire population in the U.S. To control the pandemic, it is imperative for individuals to take precautionary behaviors (e.g., wearing a mask, keeping social distance, washing hands frequently, etc.). The factors that influence individual behavioral response thus warrants a close examination. Using survey data for respondents from 10 states merged with state-level data, our study represents a pioneering effort to reveal contextual and individual social capital factors that explain public mask wearing in response to COVID–19. Findings of logistic multilevel regression show that the COVID–19 death rate and political control of government at the state level along with one's social capital at the individual level altogether influence whether people decide to wear face masks. These findings contribute to the rapidly growing literature and have policy implications for mitigating the pandemic's devastating impact on the American public.
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Lee Y, Li JQ. The role of communication transparency and organizational trust in publics' perceptions, attitudes and social distancing behaviour: A case study of the COVID‐19 outbreak. JOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT 2021. [PMCID: PMC8012987 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeunjae Lee
- Department of Strategic Communication School of Communication University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA
| | - Jo‐Yun Queenie Li
- Department of Strategic Communication School of Communication University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA
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Lee M, Kang BA, You M. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in South Korea. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:295. [PMID: 33546644 PMCID: PMC7863060 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The public must routinely practice precautionary behaviors to control the spread of COVID-19, as no vaccines and antiviral treatments are currently available. This paper examines the public's knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to COVID-19 and their relationships and identified the pandemic's vulnerable populations to provide recommendations for behavioral interventions and policies. METHODS Data collection took place over 3 days (June 26-29) via an online survey 5 months after the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) confirmed the first COVID case in South Korea; 970 subjects were included in the statistical data analysis. RESULTS Knowledge directly affected both attitudes (e.g., perceived risk and efficacy belief) and practices (e.g., personal hygiene practices and social distancing). Among the influencing factors of COVID-19 preventive behaviors, efficacy belief was the most influential and significant practice factor. It mediated the relationship between knowledge and all three preventive behaviors (wearing facial masks, practicing hand hygiene, and avoiding crowded places). The level of knowledge varied by sociodemographic characteristics. Females (β = 0.06, p < 0.05) and individuals with higher levels of education (β = 0.06, p < 0.05) demonstrated higher levels of knowledge. CONCLUSION To increase precautionary behaviors among the public, health officials and policymakers must promote knowledge and efficacy belief. Future interventions and policies should also be developed in a 'person-centered' approach, targeting vulnerable subgroups, embracing them, and closing the gap of KAP toward COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.,Office of Dental Education, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bee-Ah Kang
- Department of Communication, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Myoungsoon You
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. .,Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Funakoshi Y, Xuan Z, Isumi A, Doi S, Ochi M, Fujiwara T. The association of community and individual parental social capital with behavior problems among children in Japan: results from A-CHILD longitudinal study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:119-127. [PMID: 32240322 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the association of individual-level and community-level parental social capital with childhood behavior problems using population-based longitudinal data in Japan. METHODS We analyzed data from a population-based longitudinal survey study which followed first-grade elementary school children (6-7 years old) in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan. At baseline, the parents of first-grade students from all 69 elementary schools in Adachi City were asked to respond to a questionnaire assessing behavior problems and prosocial behavior (using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and parental social capital in the community (N = 5494). Data on follow-up questionnaires on behavior problems were collected when children were second grade. Among both surveys, 3656 parents returned valid responses. The association between individual-level and community-level parental social capital and children's behavior problems were analyzed using multilevel analyses adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Community-level social capital was positively associated with prosocial behaviors, but not for total difficulties, after adjustment for covariates (coefficient = 0.19, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.36). Individual-level parental social capital was also positively associated with prosocial behaviors (coefficient = 0.27, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.41) and negatively associated with total difficulties (coefficient = - 0.54, 95% CI - 0.89 to - 0.19). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that greater community-level social capital can benefit children with increased prosocial behaviors. Individual-level parental social capital can be protective of youth by increasing prosocial behaviors and reducing difficult behaviors. Boosting both community and individual social capital can be a promising means to enhance children's well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Funakoshi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ziming Xuan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aya Isumi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Satomi Doi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Manami Ochi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.,Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
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Shelter in place? Depends on the place: Corruption and social distancing in American states. Soc Sci Med 2020; 269:113569. [PMID: 33309154 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the links between corruption and compliance with social distancing during COVID-19 pandemic in America. Both theory and empirical evidence point to a corrosive effect of corruption on trust/social capital which in turn determine people's behavior towards compliance with public health policies. Using data from 50 states we find that people who live in more corrupt states are less likely to comply with so called shelter in place/stay at home orders. Our results are robust to different measures of corruption.
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Li TW, Lee TMC, Goodwin R, Ben-Ezra M, Liang L, Liu H, Hou WK. Social Capital, Income Loss, and Psychobehavioral Responses amid COVID-19: A Population-Based Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8888. [PMID: 33260472 PMCID: PMC7730633 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the associations of perceived social capital and income change since the outbreak with probable depression and preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. Random digit dialing recruited a population-representative sample of 3011 Hong Kong Chinese aged ≥ 15 years (mean = 44, 55% females) between February 25 and April 29 2020. Respondents reported social capital (perceived interpersonal trust, social harmony, and sense of belonging), income change since the outbreak (loss vs. gain/no change), depressive symptoms, preventive behaviors, and demographics. Controlling for sociodemographics, lack of perceived interpersonal trust was associated with probable depression and avoiding contact with people with respiratory symptoms. Lack of perceived sense of belonging was associated with probable depression and decreased odds of adopting preventive behaviors. Lack of perceived social harmony was associated with probable depression and increased odds of used face masks among respondents with income loss only. Our results suggest that social capital is related to lower risk of depression and to higher chance of used face masks particularly among those experiencing income loss related to COVID-19. Prevention of mental health problems and promotion of effective preventive behaviors could be implemented by focusing on support for those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Wai Li
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (T.W.L.); (L.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Tatia Mei-chun Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Robin Goodwin
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
| | | | - Li Liang
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (T.W.L.); (L.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Huinan Liu
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (T.W.L.); (L.L.); (H.L.)
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Kai Hou
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (T.W.L.); (L.L.); (H.L.)
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Goldman RD, Yan TD, Seiler M, Parra Cotanda C, Brown JC, Klein EJ, Hoeffe J, Gelernter R, Hall JE, Davis AL, Griffiths MA, Mater A, Manzano S, Gualco G, Shimizu N, Hurt TL, Ahmed S, Hansen M, Sheridan D, Ali S, Thompson GC, Gaucher N, Staubli G. Caregiver willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19: Cross sectional survey. Vaccine 2020; 38:7668-7673. [PMID: 33071002 PMCID: PMC7547568 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 100 COVID-19 vaccine candidates are in development since the SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequence was published in January 2020. The uptake of a COVID-19 vaccine among children will be instrumental in limiting the spread of the disease as herd immunity may require vaccine coverage of up to 80% of the population. Prior history of pandemic vaccine coverage was as low as 40% among children in the United States during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. PURPOSE To investigate predictors associated with global caregivers' intent to vaccinate their children against COVID-19, when the vaccine becomes available. METHOD An international cross sectional survey of 1541 caregivers arriving with their children to 16 pediatric Emergency Departments (ED) across six countries from March 26 to May 31, 2020. RESULTS 65% (n = 1005) of caregivers reported that they intend to vaccinate their child against COVID-19, once a vaccine is available. A univariate and subsequent multivariate analysis found that increased intended uptake was associated with children that were older, children with no chronic illness, when fathers completed the survey, children up-to-date on their vaccination schedule, recent history of vaccination against influenza, and caregivers concerned their child had COVID-19 at the time of survey completion in the ED. The most common reason reported by caregivers intending to vaccinate was to protect their child (62%), and the most common reason reported by caregivers refusing vaccination was the vaccine's novelty (52%). CONCLUSIONS The majority of caregivers intend to vaccinate their children against COVID-19, though uptake will likely be associated with specific factors such as child and caregiver demographics and vaccination history. Public health strategies need to address barriers to uptake by providing evidence about an upcoming COVID-19 vaccine's safety and efficacy, highlighting the risks and consequences of infection in children, and educating caregivers on the role of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran D Goldman
- The Pediatric Research in Emergency Therapeutics (PRETx) Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Tyler D Yan
- The Pediatric Research in Emergency Therapeutics (PRETx) Program, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michelle Seiler
- Emergency Department, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Julie C Brown
- Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eileen J Klein
- Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julia Hoeffe
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Renana Gelernter
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Jeanine E Hall
- Division of Emergency and Transport Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adrienne L Davis
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark A Griffiths
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ahmed Mater
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Jim Pattison Children's Hospital, and University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sergio Manzano
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Geneva Children's Hospital, Geneva University Hospitals, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca Gualco
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Pediatric Institute of Italian part of Switzerland, Ticino, Switzerland
| | - Naoki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Thomas L Hurt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mary Bridge Children's Hospital, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Sara Ahmed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mary Bridge Children's Hospital, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Matt Hansen
- Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David Sheridan
- Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Samina Ali
- Departments of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Graham C Thompson
- Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nathalie Gaucher
- Pediatric Emergency Medicine CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Georg Staubli
- Emergency Department, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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CELLA PAOLA, VOGLINO GIANLUCA, BARBERIS ILARIA, ALAGNA ENRICO, ALESSANDRONI CLAUDIA, CUDA ALESSANDRO, D’ALOISIO FRANCESCO, DALLAGIACOMA GIULIA, DE NITTO SARA, DI GASPARE FRANCESCA, GALLIPOLI ORIANA, GENTILE LEANDRO, KUNDISOV LUCIA, NAVARO MONICA, PROVENZANO SANDRO, SANTANGELO OMARENZO, STEFANIZZI PASQUALE, GIANFREDI VINCENZA. Resources for assessing parents' vaccine hesitancy: a systematic review of the literature. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2020; 61:E340-E373. [PMID: 33150224 PMCID: PMC7595070 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.3.1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The concept of Vaccine Hesitancy has begun to appear in the scientific landscape, referring to the reluctance of a growing proportion of people to accept the vaccination offer. A variety of factors were identified as being associated with vaccine hesitancy but there was no universal algorithm and currently there aren’t any established metrics to assess either the presence or impact of vaccine hesitancy. The aim of this study was to systematically review the published questionnaires evaluating parental vaccine hesitancy, to highlight the differences among these surveys and offer a general overview on this matter. This study offers a deeper perspective on the available questionnaires, helping future researches to identify the most suitable one according to their own aim and study setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- PAOLA CELLA
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - GIANLUCA VOGLINO
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Turin, Italy
| | - ILARIA BARBERIS
- Health Science Department, University of Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence: Ilaria Barberis, Health Science Department, University of Genoa, largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Pad. 3 San Martino Hospital, Italy - Tel./Fax +39 010 3538502 - E-mail:
| | - ENRICO ALAGNA
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - CLAUDIA ALESSANDRONI
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - ALESSANDRO CUDA
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - FRANCESCO D’ALOISIO
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Italy
| | - GIULIA DALLAGIACOMA
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - SARA DE NITTO
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - FRANCESCA DI GASPARE
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - ORIANA GALLIPOLI
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Italy
| | - LEANDRO GENTILE
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - LUCIA KUNDISOV
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Italy
| | - MONICA NAVARO
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Italy
| | - SANDRO PROVENZANO
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - OMAR ENZO SANTANGELO
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - PASQUALE STEFANIZZI
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - VINCENZA GIANFREDI
- Post Graduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
- School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Pennington JR, Oglesby WH, Alemagno S. Impact of Social Capital on the Availability of Health Care Services. Popul Health Manag 2020; 24:369-375. [PMID: 32780625 DOI: 10.1089/pop.2020.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) and their families experience many structural, financial, psychosocial, and physical obstacles to accessing and fully utilizing a continuum of health care services, including a myriad of contextual barriers that are unique to their local communities. Social capital is one contextual barrier hypothesized in the literature to reduce access to health care services. To better understand the role of social capital in accessing health care services for this vulnerable population, a study was constructed using data from a large representative sample of CSHCNs. The analysis was conducted on data collected through the National Survey of Children's Health, a cross-sectional study of child health that includes information on physical and mental health; access to health care; and neighborhood, school, and social context. Logistic regression analyses were performed on a reduced, complete data set containing only CSHCN (n = 32,496) using 5 medical home variables and an investigator-constructed social capital composite score. Social capital was not found to be a complete mediator of individual medical home characteristics; however, each increase in the social capital scale reduced the odds of experiencing a delay in care of overall health care services by 12.5% (P = .006). The effects of social capital on the accessibility of health care services is significant and focusing on strengthening social capital within communities will improve overall health outcomes for this vulnerable group of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared R Pennington
- College of Education and Health Sciences, Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, Ohio, USA
| | - Willie H Oglesby
- Jefferson College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sonia Alemagno
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
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The impact of parents' health behaviours on their preferences regarding vaccinations in Bialystok, Poland. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:354. [PMID: 32711498 PMCID: PMC7381861 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, as the number of vaccinated children in Poland and throughout Europe is decreasing. Many factors impact on the rate vaccination and parents' health behaviours may affect the frequency of vaccinations. The aim of the study was to assess the association of parents' health behaviors with children's vaccinations. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July 2015 to June 2016 to assess to assess the association of parents' health behaviors with children's vaccinations in Białystok city, Poland. We used the the Inventory of Health Behaviours and an original questionnaire including demographic data and questions about vaccination. Three hundred parents were recruited from the Pro Medica Family Medica Center in Bialystok, Poland. RESULTS Only 3.7% of respondents did not vaccinate their children. The level of health behaviours was average in 42.3% of the respondents, low in 33%, and high in 24.7%. Significant differences in health behaviours, mainly the level of normal eating habits (p = 0.038) and positive mental attitude (p = 0.022), were found in relation to views on the toxicity of vaccines. Participants who reported that vaccines can cause autism engaged in a higher level of prophylactic behaviours. Respondents who vaccinated their children with combined vaccines had a significantly higher level of health practices. CONCLUSIONS Parents preferred health behaviours did not effect on children vaccination. Parents who believed in the toxicity of vaccines were more concerned about proper nutrition, had a positive mental attitude, and engaged in a higher level of preventive behaviours and health practices. Parents who did not vaccinate their children had lower levels of normal eating habits. Parents who vaccinated their children with combined vaccines had a higher level of health behaviours, especially in terms of health practices.
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Fareed N, Swoboda CM, Jonnalagadda P, Walker DM, Huerta TR. Differences Between Races in Health Information Seeking and Trust Over Time: Evidence From a Cross-Sectional, Pooled Analyses of HINTS Data. Am J Health Promot 2020; 35:84-92. [PMID: 32588638 DOI: 10.1177/0890117120934609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assessed racial disparities in health information-seeking behavior and trust of information sources from 2007 to 2017. DESIGN Pooled cross-sectional survey data. SETTING Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). PARTICIPATION Data included 6 iterations of HINTS (pooled: N = 19 496; 2007: n = 3593; 2011: n = 3959; 2013: n = 3185; Food and Drug Administration [FDA] 2015: n = 3738; 2017: n = 3285; and FDA 2017: n = 1736). MEASURES Outcome variables were health information seeking, high confidence, and high trust of health information from several sources. Independent variable was race group, controlling for other sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables. ANALYSIS Weighted descriptive and multivariate logistic regression for the pooled sample assessed associations by race. Fully interacted models with race-survey year interactions compared differences in outcomes between years. RESULTS Black respondents, relative to white, had greater odds of having high confidence in their ability to attain health information, trust of health information from newspapers and magazines, radio, internet, television, government, charitable organizations, and religious organizations. Hispanic respondents, relative to white, had lower odds of seeking health information and trusting health information from doctors. They had higher odds of trusting health information from the radio, the internet, television, charitable organizations, and religious organizations. CONCLUSION Disparities between races in trust of information sources remained across time. Understanding optimal information media, their reach, and credibility among racial groups could enable more targeted approaches to developing interventions. Our analytical approach minimized limitations present in the HINTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naleef Fareed
- CATALYST-The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christine M Swoboda
- CATALYST-The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pallavi Jonnalagadda
- CATALYST-The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel M Walker
- CATALYST-The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy R Huerta
- CATALYST-The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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