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Herrero-Martínez JM, Sánchez-Ledesma M, Ramos-Rincón JM. Imported and autochthonous dengue in Spain. Rev Clin Esp 2023; 223:510-519. [PMID: 37507047 DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is globally the most important arboviral infection. It is caused by the dengue virus and it is generally transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes' bites (Ae aegypti or Ae albopictus). In Spain it was initially eradicated in the 20th century, together with the Ae aegypti vector, and currently most of the cases reported in Spain are imported by travelers from countries with dengue transmission (imported dengue). However, in recent years, cases of dengue have been described in people residing in Spain who had not traveled to areas with known transmission (autochthonous dengue), transmitted by Aedes albopictus (the so-called tiger mosquito), present especially in the Mediterranean basin. Therefore, a good knowledge of this potentially severe disease is required, so that it can be diagnosed early, and managed correctly, thus reducing its mortality, as well as its eventual autochthonous transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Herrero-Martínez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre-Imas12, Madrid, Dpto. de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Sánchez-Ledesma
- Unidad Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca- IBSAL, Salamanca, Dpto. de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - J-M Ramos-Rincón
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis; Dpto de Medicina Clínica Universidad Miguel Hernández; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, España.
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2
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Singh S, Alallah J, Amrit A, Maheshwari A, Boppana S. Neurological Manifestations of Perinatal Dengue. NEWBORN (CLARKSVILLE, MD.) 2023; 2:158-172. [PMID: 37559696 PMCID: PMC10411360 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENVs) are single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the family Flaviviridae. There are four distinct antigenically related serotypes, DENVs types 1, 2, 3, and 4. These are all mosquito-borne human pathogens. Congenital dengue disease occurs when there is mother-to-fetus transmission of the virus and should be suspected in endemic regions in neonates presenting with fever, maculopapular rash, and thrombocytopenia. Although most of the infected infants remain asymptomatic, some can develop clinical manifestations such as sepsis-like illness, gastric bleeding, circulatory failure, and death. Neurological manifestations include intracerebral hemorrhages, neurological malformations, and acute focal/disseminated encephalitis/encephalomyelitis. Dengue NS1Ag, a highly conserved glycoprotein, can help the detection of cases in the viremic stage. We do not have proven specific therapies yet; management is largely supportive and is focused on close monitoring and maintaining adequate intravascular volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jubara Alallah
- Department of Pediatrics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Astha Amrit
- Department of Neonatology, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Akhil Maheshwari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal Medicine, Louisiana State University – Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Global Newborn Society, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Suresh Boppana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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3
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El-Kady AM, Osman HA, Alemam MF, Marghani D, Shanawaz MA, Wakid MH, Al-Megrin WAI, Elshabrawy HA, Abdella OH, Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, El-Amir MI. Circulation of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 in Humans and Mosquitoes During an Outbreak in El Quseir City, Egypt. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:2713-2721. [PMID: 35668858 PMCID: PMC9165652 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s360675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In recent decades, the rate of infection with dengue virus (DENV) has risen significantly, now affecting nearly 400 million individuals annually. Dengue fever among humans is caused via specific mosquito vectors bites. Sporadic cases have been reported in Egypt. The goal of this study was to identify the serotype of the DENV outbreak in both human and mosquito vector along the coast of the Red Sea, Upper Egypt, in 2017. Identification of the serotype of the virus may help identify its source and assist in applying epidemiological and control measures. Materials and Methods The current study was carried out in El Quseir City, Red Sea Governorate, Upper Egypt, on 144 patients complaining of symptoms indicative of dengue fever at the time of the 2017 Egypt outbreak. Human blood samples and the mosquito reservoirs were identified as having dengue virus infection serologically and molecularly. Results Overall, 97 (67.4%) patients were positive for dengue virus IgM antibodies. Molecular examination of the human samples and pools of mosquitoes revealed that DENV-2 virus was the serotype responsible for the outbreak. Only one pool of female mosquitoes containing Aedes aegypti was infected with dengue fever virus (DENV-2). Conclusion This was the first serotyping of the DENV responsible for dengue virus outbreak in Egypt in 2017. Determining the serotype of dengue virus can help to avoid and monitor outbreaks. The serotype identified in this study was DENV-2, while DENV-1 was the serotype found in the previous outbreak in 2015 in the province of Assiut. This study thus raises concerns that a new dengue serotype could have been introduced into Egypt. It is necessary for a comprehensive risk assessment to be carried out in the country, including an entomological survey, to assess the presence and potential geographical expansion of mosquito vectors there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M El-Kady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Heba A Osman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Farouk Alemam
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Dina Marghani
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Shanawaz
- Department of Public Health, Applied Medical Sciences College, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed H Wakid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Special Infectious Agent Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Abdullah I Al-Megrin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Elshabrawy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX, 77304, USA
| | - Osama H Abdella
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa I El-Amir
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Gupta S, Kumar A. Design of an Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine Against Dengue Virus Isolate from Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022; 28:91. [PMID: 35463186 PMCID: PMC9014403 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rama University, G.T. Road, Kanpur, 209217 India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rama University, G.T. Road, Kanpur, 209217 India
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Fadaka AO, Sibuyi NRS, Martin DR, Goboza M, Klein A, Madiehe AM, Meyer M. Immunoinformatics design of a novel epitope-based vaccine candidate against dengue virus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19707. [PMID: 34611250 PMCID: PMC8492693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue poses a global health threat, which will persist without therapeutic intervention. Immunity induced by exposure to one serotype does not confer long-term protection against secondary infection with other serotypes and is potentially capable of enhancing this infection. Although vaccination is believed to induce durable and protective responses against all the dengue virus (DENV) serotypes in order to reduce the burden posed by this virus, the development of a safe and efficacious vaccine remains a challenge. Immunoinformatics and computational vaccinology have been utilized in studies of infectious diseases to provide insight into the host-pathogen interactions thus justifying their use in vaccine development. Since vaccination is the best bet to reduce the burden posed by DENV, this study is aimed at developing a multi-epitope based vaccines for dengue control. Combined approaches of reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics were utilized to design multi-epitope based vaccine from the sequence of DENV. Specifically, BCPreds and IEDB servers were used to predict the B-cell and T-cell epitopes, respectively. Molecular docking was carried out using Schrödinger, PATCHDOCK and FIREDOCK. Codon optimization and in silico cloning were done using JCAT and SnapGene respectively. Finally, the efficiency and stability of the designed vaccines were assessed by an in silico immune simulation and molecular dynamic simulation, respectively. The predicted epitopes were prioritized using in-house criteria. Four candidate vaccines (DV-1-4) were designed using suitable adjuvant and linkers in addition to the shortlisted epitopes. The binding interactions of these vaccines against the receptors TLR-2, TLR-4, MHC-1 and MHC-2 show that these candidate vaccines perfectly fit into the binding domains of the receptors. In addition, DV-1 has a better binding energies of - 60.07, - 63.40, - 69.89 kcal/mol against MHC-1, TLR-2, and TLR-4, with respect to the other vaccines. All the designed vaccines were highly antigenic, soluble, non-allergenic, non-toxic, flexible, and topologically assessable. The immune simulation analysis showed that DV-1 may elicit specific immune response against dengue virus. Moreover, codon optimization and in silico cloning validated the expressions of all the designed vaccines in E. coli. Finally, the molecular dynamic study shows that DV-1 is stable with minimum RMSF against TLR4. Immunoinformatics tools are now applied to screen genomes of interest for possible vaccine target. The designed vaccine candidates may be further experimentally investigated as potential vaccines capable of providing definitive preventive measure against dengue virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.
| | - Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Darius Riziki Martin
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Mediline Goboza
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Abram Madimabe Madiehe
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.
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Enhanced dengue vaccine virus replication and neutralizing antibody responses in immune primed rhesus macaques. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:77. [PMID: 34021159 PMCID: PMC8140083 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is suspected to influence dengue virus (DENV) infection, but the role ADE plays in vaccination strategies incorporating live attenuated virus components is less clear. Using a heterologous prime-boost strategy in rhesus macaques, we examine the effect of priming with DENV purified inactivated vaccines (PIVs) on a tetravalent live attenuated vaccine (LAV). Sera exhibited low-level neutralizing antibodies (NAb) post PIV priming, yet moderate to high in vitro ADE activity. Following LAV administration, the PIV primed groups exhibited DENV-2 LAV peak viremias up to 1,176-fold higher than the mock primed group, and peak viremia correlated with in vitro ADE. Furthermore, PIV primed groups had more balanced and higher DENV-1–4 NAb seroconversion and titers than the mock primed group following LAV administration. These results have implications for the development of effective DENV vaccine prime-boost strategies and for our understanding of the role played by ADE in modulating DENV replication.
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Daag JV, Ylade M, Adams C, Jadi R, Crisostomo MV, Alpay R, Aportadera ETC, Yoon IK, White L, Deen J, de Silva AM, Lopez AL. Evaluation of a new point-of-care test to determine prior dengue infection for potential use in pre-vaccination screening. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 27:904-908. [PMID: 32866651 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vaccination with the first licensed dengue vaccine is recommended only for those who have had previous infection with dengue virus (DENV). A point-of-care test with the desired sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 98% could facilitate pre-vaccination screening. We evaluated a newly developed, automated dengue immunoglobulin fluorescence immunoassay for determining dengue serostatus. METHODS We used serum samples collected just prior to a mass dengue vaccination in Cebu, Philippines. Healthy children residing in Bogo and Balamban who would be 9-14 years old at the time of the mass dengue vaccination were eligible to participate. We evaluated the ichroma™ II dengue fluorescence immunoassay (Boditech Med Incorporated, Gang-won-do, Republic of Korea) using a neutralization test (NT) as the reference assay. RESULTS We enrolled 2996 children (mean age 10.39 years, 51.7% female) in the cohort and included a subsample of 1000 (mean age 10.56 years, 54.4% female) in this study. Of the 1000 children, 86/1000 (8.6%) tested seronegative and 914/1000 (91.4%) seropositive for DENV antibodies by neutralization testing. Compared with the NT, the dengue IgG fluorescence immunoassay had an overall specificity of 90.7% (95%CI: 82.5-95.9%) and a sensitivity of 91.8% (95%CI: 89.8-93.5%) for determining dengue seropositivity. The sensitivity declined to 51.2% (42.3-61.0%) for the detection of the subset with a monotypic dengue profile. CONCLUSION The insufficient specificity and sensitivity (particularly in the detection of a previous monotypic dengue infection) would render the test, in its current state, inadequate for pre-vaccination screening. Considering its user-friendly interphase and possibility of point-of-care use, the test could be further developed and validated to improve its performance characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedas Veronica Daag
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines-Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Michelle Ylade
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines-Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Cameron Adams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ramesh Jadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maria Vinna Crisostomo
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines-Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Riacarl Alpay
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines-Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Emma Teresa Carmela Aportadera
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines-Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - In-Kyu Yoon
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Washington, USA
| | - Laura White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jacqueline Deen
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines-Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Aravinda M de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anna Lena Lopez
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines-Manila, Manila, Philippines.
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8
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Chan Y, Jazayeri SD, Ramanathan B, Poh CL. Enhancement of Tetravalent Immune Responses to Highly Conserved Epitopes of a Dengue Peptide Vaccine Conjugated to Polystyrene Nanoparticles. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030417. [PMID: 32722368 PMCID: PMC7563452 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination remains the major approach to the prevention of dengue. Since the only licensed live attenuated vaccine (LAV) lacked efficacy against all four serotypes, other vaccine platforms, such as synthetic peptide vaccines, should be explored. In this study, four multi-epitope peptides (P1-P4) were designed by linking a universal T-helper epitope (PADRE or TpD) to the highly conserved CD8 T cell epitope and B cell epitope (B1 or B2) against all four DENV serotypes. The multi-epitope peptides were conjugated to polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) and four nanovaccines (NP1-NP4) were constructed. Mice immunized with NP1-NP4 elicited significantly higher titers of IgG and neutralizing antibodies when compared to immunization with naked P1-P4. The immune responses in mice immunized with peptide vaccines were compared with nanovaccines using ELISA, ELISPOT, and a neutralization test based on FRNT50. Among the four conjugated peptide nanovaccines, NP3 comprising the TpD T-helper epitope linked to the highly conserved B1 epitope derived from the E protein was able to elicit significant levels of IFN-γ and neutralizing antibodies to all four dengue serotypes. NP3 is a promising tetravalent synthetic peptide vaccine, but the selection of a more effective CD8+ T cell epitope and adjuvants to further improve the immunogenicity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Chan
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (Y.C.); (S.D.J.)
| | - Seyed Davoud Jazayeri
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (Y.C.); (S.D.J.)
| | - Babu Ramanathan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (Y.C.); (S.D.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-74918622
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Langat SK, Eyase FL, Berry IM, Nyunja A, Bulimo W, Owaka S, Ofula V, Limbaso S, Lutomiah J, Jarman R, Distelhorst J, Sang RC. Origin and evolution of dengue virus type 2 causing outbreaks in Kenya: Evidence of circulation of two cosmopolitan genotype lineages. Virus Evol 2020; 6:veaa026. [PMID: 32523778 PMCID: PMC7266482 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever (DF) is an arboviral disease caused by dengue virus serotypes 1-4 (DENV 1-4). Globally, DF incidence and disease burden have increased in the recent past. Initially implicated in a 1982 outbreak, DENV-2 recently reemerged in Kenya causing outbreaks between 2011 and 2014 and more recently 2017–8. The origin and the evolutionary patterns that may explain the epidemiological expansion and increasing impact of DENV-2 in Kenya remain poorly understood. Using whole-genome sequencing, samples collected during the 2011–4 and 2017–8 dengue outbreaks were analyzed. Additional DENV-2 genomes were downloaded and pooled together with the fourteen genomes generated in this study. Bioinformatic methods were used to analyze phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary patterns of DENV-2 causing outbreaks in Kenya. The findings from this study have shown the first evidence of circulation of two different Cosmopolitan genotype lineages of DENV-2; Cosmopolitan-I (C-I) and Cosmopolitan-II (C-II), in Kenya. Our results put the origin location of C-I lineage in India in 2011, and C-II lineage in Burkina Faso between 1979 and 2013. C-I lineage was the most isolated during recent outbreaks, thus showing the contribution of this newly emerged strain to the increased DENV epidemics in the region. Our findings, backed by evidence of recent local epidemics that have been associated with C-I in Kenya and C-II in Burkina Faso, add to the growing evidence of expanding circulation and the impact of multiple strains of DENV in the region as well as globally. Thus, continued surveillance efforts on DENV activity and its evolutionary trends in the region, would contribute toward effective control and the current vaccine development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon K Langat
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fredrick Lunyagi Eyase
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.,Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
| | | | - Albert Nyunja
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wallace Bulimo
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi
| | - Samuel Owaka
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Victor Ofula
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samson Limbaso
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.,Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute
| | - Joel Lutomiah
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.,Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute
| | - Richard Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
| | - John Distelhorst
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rosemary C Sang
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.,Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute
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10
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Beesetti H, Tyagi P, Medapi B, Krishna VS, Sriram D, Khanna N, Swaminathan S. A quinoline compound inhibits the replication of dengue virus serotypes 1-4 in Vero cells. Antivir Ther 2019; 23:385-394. [PMID: 29583121 DOI: 10.3851/imp3231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global occurrence of dengue, a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by four distinct dengue viruses (DENV-1, -2, -3 and -4), is reported to have increased approximately 30-fold in the last 50 years, causing approximately 400 million infections a year. A limited use, sub-optimal live attenuated dengue vaccine has become available recently. It is becoming apparent that antibodies to DENVs can promote infection by Zika virus (ZIKV), a related mosquito-borne flavivirus. A drug to treat these flaviviral infections continues to be an unmet public health need. METHODS We screened an 'in-house' library of approximately 2,000 small molecules for inhibitors of cloned DENV-2 protease. Putative inhibitor binding to DENV-2 protease was analysed by in silico docking. Anti-DENV activity was analysed by monitoring viral antigen synthesis by ELISA, viral RNA synthesis by reverse-transcription coupled to real-time polymerase chain reaction and infectious virus production by plaque assay, in DENV-infected Vero cells. RESULTS A quinoline derivative, BT24, was identified for the first time as a potent inhibitor of the cloned DENV-2 protease (half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50]=0.5 µM). In silico analysis revealed that BT24 binds to an allosteric site in the vicinity of the active site of DENV-2 protease. Cell-based assays demonstrated that BT24 can inhibit all four DENVs in infected Vero cells. CONCLUSIONS BT24 is a DENV-2 protease inhibitor which manifests the capacity to inhibit the replication of all four DENVs in cultured cells. It may provide a lead for a pan-DENV inhibitory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemalatha Beesetti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Poornima Tyagi
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Brahmam Medapi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vagolu Siva Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Navin Khanna
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sathyamangalam Swaminathan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
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11
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Bos S, Gadea G, Despres P. Dengue: a growing threat requiring vaccine development for disease prevention. Pathog Glob Health 2018; 112:294-305. [PMID: 30213255 PMCID: PMC6381545 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2018.1514136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue disease is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral infection in humans. At least one half of the global population is estimated at risk of infection and an estimated 390 million people are infected each year. Over the past few years, dengue burden continued to increase, mainly impacting developing countries. Alarming changes in dengue epidemiology were observed highlighting a spread from tropical to subtropical regions as well as urban to rural areas. An increase in the co-infections with the four serotypes has also been noticed, involving a shift in the targeted population from pediatric to adult. Facing these global changes, authorities will have to reinforce preventive actions and adapt healthcare management. New prophylactic strategies are urgently needed to prevent severe forms of dengue disease. The lack of specific antiviral therapies available turns vaccine development into a socio-economic challenge. In this review, we propose an update on the dengue global trends and different vaccine strategies in development. A particular attention will be paid to up-to-date information on dengue transmission and the protective efficacy of newly commercialized tetravalent dengue vaccine Dengvaxia®, as well as the most advanced candidate vaccines in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Bos
- a Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical , Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249 , Sainte-Clotilde , La Réunion , France
| | - Gilles Gadea
- a Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical , Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249 , Sainte-Clotilde , La Réunion , France
| | - Philippe Despres
- a Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical , Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249 , Sainte-Clotilde , La Réunion , France
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12
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Tripathi NK, Shrivastava A. Recent Developments in Recombinant Protein-Based Dengue Vaccines. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1919. [PMID: 30190720 PMCID: PMC6115509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant proteins are gaining enormous importance these days due to their wide application as biopharmaceutical products and proven safety record. Various recombinant proteins of therapeutic and prophylactic importance have been successfully produced in microbial and higher expression host systems. Since there is no specific antiviral therapy available against dengue, the prevention by vaccination is the mainstay in reducing the disease burden. Therefore, efficacious vaccines are needed to control the spread of dengue worldwide. Dengue is an emerging viral disease caused by any of dengue virus 1-4 serotypes that affects the human population around the globe. Dengue virus is a single stranded RNA virus encoding three structural proteins (capsid protein, pre-membrane protein, and envelope protein) and seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2a, NS2b, NS3, NS4a, NS4b, NS5). As the only licensed dengue vaccine (Dengvaxia) is unable to confer balanced protection against all the serotypes, therefore various approaches for development of dengue vaccines including tetravalent live attenuated, inactivated, plasmid DNA, virus-vectored, virus-like particles, and recombinant subunit vaccines are being explored. These candidates are at different stages of vaccine development and have their own merits and demerits. The promising subunit vaccines are mainly based on envelope or its domain and non-structural proteins of dengue virus. These proteins have been produced in different hosts and are being investigated for development of a successful dengue vaccine. Novel immunogens have been designed employing various strategies like protein engineering and fusion of antigen with various immunostimulatory motif to work as self-adjuvant. Moreover, recombinant proteins can be formulated with novel adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity and thus conferring better protection to the vaccinees. With the advent of newer and safer host systems, these recombinant proteins can be produced in a cost effective manner at large scale for vaccine studies. In this review, we summarize recent developments in recombinant protein based dengue vaccines that could lead to a good number of efficacious vaccine candidates for future human use and ultimately alternative dengue vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh K. Tripathi
- Bioprocess Scale Up Facility, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Ambuj Shrivastava
- Division of Virology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
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13
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Whitehead SS, Subbarao K. Which Dengue Vaccine Approach Is the Most Promising, and Should We Be Concerned about Enhanced Disease after Vaccination? The Risks of Incomplete Immunity to Dengue Virus Revealed by Vaccination. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a028811. [PMID: 28716894 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Immune enhancement of dengue disease continues to be a concern for those with incomplete immunity in endemic areas. Advanced testing and follow-up of a newly available live attenuated dengue vaccine has recently shown the ability of vaccination to predispose some recipients for a severe outcome on subsequent infection. To improve safety, recommendations have been made to restrict use of the vaccine to those who are likely to have had prior exposure to dengue virus (DENV). Researchers continue to investigate dengue immunity and seek evidence that dengue vaccines can be safely administered to all populations needing protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Whitehead
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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14
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Gromowski GD, Henein S, Kannadka CB, Barvir DA, Thomas SJ, de Silva AM, Jarman RG. Delineating the serotype-specific neutralizing antibody response to a live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine. Vaccine 2018; 36:2403-2410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Lima MCP, Seabra GM. Reaction mechanism of the dengue virus serine protease: a QM/MM study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:30288-30296. [PMID: 27341353 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03209e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dengue virus (DENV) is the causative agent of the viral infection dengue fever. In spite of all the efforts made to prevent the spread of the disease, once it is contracted, there is no specific treatment for dengue and the WHO guidelines are limited to rest and symptomatic treatment. In its reproductive cycle, DENV utilizes the NS2B-NS3pro, a serine protease, to cleave the viral polyprotein into its constituents. This enzyme is essential for the virus lifecycle, and presents an attractive target for the development of specific dengue treatments. Here we used a hybrid Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) Molecular Dynamics approach and Umbrella Sampling to study the first step (acylation) of the reaction catalyzed by NS2B-NS3pro, using the Pairwise Distance Directed Gaussian PM3 (PDDG/PM3) semi-empirical Hamiltonian for the QM subsystem, and Amber ff99SB for the MM subsystem. Our results indicate that the nucleophilic attack on the substrate by Ser135 occurs in a stepwise manner, in which a proton transfer to His51 first activates Ser135, which only later attacks the substrate. The rate-determining step is the Ser135 activation, with a barrier of 24.1 kcal mol-1. Water molecules completing the oxyanion hole stabilize the negative charge formed on the carbonyl oxygen of the substrate. The final step in the process is a proton transfer from His51 to the substrate's nitrogen, which happens with a lower barrier of 5.1 kcal mol-1, and leads directly to the breakage of the peptide bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C P Lima
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista Anibal Fernandes, s/no, Cidade Universitária - Recife, PE - CEP 50.740-560, Brazil.
| | - G M Seabra
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista Anibal Fernandes, s/no, Cidade Universitária - Recife, PE - CEP 50.740-560, Brazil.
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16
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Kouretova J, Hammamy MZ, Epp A, Hardes K, Kallis S, Zhang L, Hilgenfeld R, Bartenschlager R, Steinmetzer T. Effects of NS2B-NS3 protease and furin inhibition on West Nile and Dengue virus replication. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:712-721. [PMID: 28385094 PMCID: PMC6445162 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1306521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) and Dengue virus (DENV) replication depends on the viral NS2B-NS3 protease and the host enzyme furin, which emerged as potential drug targets. Modification of our previously described WNV protease inhibitors by basic phenylalanine analogs provided compounds with reduced potency against the WNV and DENV protease. In a second series, their decarboxylated P1-trans-(4-guanidino)cyclohexylamide was replaced by an arginyl-amide moiety. Compound 4-(guanidinomethyl)-phenylacetyl-Lys-Lys-Arg-NH2 inhibits the NS2B-NS3 protease of WNV with an inhibition constant of 0.11 µM. Due to the similarity in substrate specificity, we have also tested the potency of our previously described multibasic furin inhibitors. Their further modification provided chimeric inhibitors with additional potency against the WNV and DENV proteases. A strong inhibition of WNV and DENV replication in cell culture was observed for the specific furin inhibitors, which reduced virus titers up to 10,000-fold. These studies reveal that potent inhibitors of furin can block the replication of DENV and WNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Kouretova
- a Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Philipps University , Marburg , Germany.,b German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , University of Marburg , Marburg , Germany
| | - M Zouhir Hammamy
- a Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
| | - Anton Epp
- a Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
| | - Kornelia Hardes
- a Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
| | - Stephanie Kallis
- c Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology , Heidelberg University , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Linlin Zhang
- d Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany.,e German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Rolf Hilgenfeld
- d Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany.,e German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- c Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology , Heidelberg University , Heidelberg , Germany.,f German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , Heidelberg University , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- a Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Philipps University , Marburg , Germany.,b German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , University of Marburg , Marburg , Germany
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17
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Scherwitzl I, Mongkolsapaja J, Screaton G. Recent advances in human flavivirus vaccines. Curr Opin Virol 2017; 23:95-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pang T, Mak TK, Gubler DJ. Prevention and control of dengue-the light at the end of the tunnel. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017; 17:e79-e87. [PMID: 28185870 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)30471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the development of new dengue control tools, including vaccines and vector control, herald a new era of desperately needed dengue prevention and control. The burden of dengue has expanded for decades, and now affects more than 120 countries. Complex, large-scale global forces have and will continue to contribute to the expansion of dengue, including population growth, unplanned urbanisation, and suboptimal mosquito control in urban centres. Although no so-called magic bullets are available, there is new optimism following the first licensure of a dengue vaccine and other promising vaccine candidates, and the development of novel vector control interventions to help control dengue and other expanding mosquito-borne diseases such as Zika virus. Implementation of effective and sustainable immunisation programmes to complement existing methods will add complexity to the health systems of affected countries, which have varying levels of robustness and maturity. Long-term high prioritisation and adequate resources are needed. The way forward is full commitment to addressing a complex disease with a set of solutions integrating vaccination and vector control methods. A whole systems approach is thus needed to integrate these various approaches and strategies for controlling dengue within the goal of universal health coverage. The ultimate objective of these interventions will be to reduce the disease burden in a sustainable and equitable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tikki Pang
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Tippi K Mak
- Regional Health & Community Outreach Division, Health Promotion Board, Singapore
| | - Duane J Gubler
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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19
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The flavivirus capsid protein: Structure, function and perspectives towards drug design. Virus Res 2017; 227:115-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Drivers of Inter-individual Variation in Dengue Viral Load Dynamics. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1005194. [PMID: 27855153 PMCID: PMC5113863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a vector-borne viral disease of humans that endemically circulates in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Infection with dengue can result in a range of disease outcomes. A considerable amount of research has sought to improve our understanding of this variation in disease outcomes and to identify predictors of severe disease. Contributing to this research, patterns of viral load in dengue infected patients have been quantified, with analyses indicating that peak viral load levels, rates of viral load decline, and time to peak viremia are useful predictors of severe disease. Here, we take a complementary approach to understanding patterns of clinical manifestation and inter-individual variation in viral load dynamics. Specifically, we statistically fit mathematical within-host models of dengue to individual-level viral load data to test virological and immunological hypotheses explaining inter-individual variation in dengue viral load. We choose between alternative models using model selection criteria to determine which hypotheses are best supported by the data. We first show that the cellular immune response plays an important role in regulating viral load in secondary dengue infections. We then provide statistical support for the process of antibody-dependent enhancement (but not original antigenic sin) in the development of severe disease in secondary dengue infections. Finally, we show statistical support for serotype-specific differences in viral infectivity rates, with infectivity rates of dengue serotypes 2 and 3 exceeding those of serotype 1. These results contribute to our understanding of dengue viral load patterns and their relationship to the development of severe dengue disease. They further have implications for understanding how dengue transmissibility may depend on the immune status of infected individuals and the identity of the infecting serotype. Dengue is an important vector-borne disease that infects four-hundred million individuals annually. Infection results in a wide range of clinical symptoms. Though many risk factors of dengue are known, the mechanisms explaining why an individual will suffer severe symptoms are poorly understood. Clinical studies have shown characteristics of viral load kinetics of dengue-infected individuals may be indicators of disease severity. However, viral load measurements vary considerably by individual. Here we use statistical methods to empirically test hypotheses that may explain variation in dengue viral load patterns by clinical manifestation and by serotype. We show that there is statistical support for antibodies being responsible for higher disease severity during secondary dengue infections and for high viral infectivity rates of dengue serotypes 2 and 3 relative to dengue 1. These results further understanding of the relationship between viral load patterns and severe dengue disease and have important implications for dengue transmissibility.
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21
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Severson DW, Behura SK. Genome Investigations of Vector Competence in Aedes aegypti to Inform Novel Arbovirus Disease Control Approaches. INSECTS 2016; 7:insects7040058. [PMID: 27809220 PMCID: PMC5198206 DOI: 10.3390/insects7040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dengue (DENV), yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus transmission to humans by a mosquito host is confounded by both intrinsic and extrinsic variables. Besides virulence factors of the individual arboviruses, likelihood of virus transmission is subject to variability in the genome of the primary mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. The “vectorial capacity” of A. aegypti varies depending upon its density, biting rate, and survival rate, as well as its intrinsic ability to acquire, host and transmit a given arbovirus. This intrinsic ability is known as “vector competence”. Based on whole transcriptome analysis, several genes and pathways have been predicated to have an association with a susceptible or refractory response in A. aegypti to DENV infection. However, the functional genomics of vector competence of A. aegypti is not well understood, primarily due to lack of integrative approaches in genomic or transcriptomic studies. In this review, we focus on the present status of genomics studies of DENV vector competence in A. aegypti as limited information is available relative to the other arboviruses. We propose future areas of research needed to facilitate the integration of vector and virus genomics and environmental factors to work towards better understanding of vector competence and vectorial capacity in natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Severson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Susanta K Behura
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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22
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Kohl A, Pondeville E, Schnettler E, Crisanti A, Supparo C, Christophides GK, Kersey PJ, Maslen GL, Takken W, Koenraadt CJM, Oliva CF, Busquets N, Abad FX, Failloux AB, Levashina EA, Wilson AJ, Veronesi E, Pichard M, Arnaud Marsh S, Simard F, Vernick KD. Advancing vector biology research: a community survey for future directions, research applications and infrastructure requirements. Pathog Glob Health 2016; 110:164-72. [PMID: 27677378 PMCID: PMC5072118 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2016.1211475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne pathogens impact public health, animal production, and animal welfare. Research on arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies, and midges which transmit pathogens to humans and economically important animals is crucial for development of new control measures that target transmission by the vector. While insecticides are an important part of this arsenal, appearance of resistance mechanisms is increasingly common. Novel tools for genetic manipulation of vectors, use of Wolbachia endosymbiotic bacteria, and other biological control mechanisms to prevent pathogen transmission have led to promising new intervention strategies, adding to strong interest in vector biology and genetics as well as vector-pathogen interactions. Vector research is therefore at a crucial juncture, and strategic decisions on future research directions and research infrastructure investment should be informed by the research community. A survey initiated by the European Horizon 2020 INFRAVEC-2 consortium set out to canvass priorities in the vector biology research community and to determine key activities that are needed for researchers to efficiently study vectors, vector-pathogen interactions, as well as access the structures and services that allow such activities to be carried out. We summarize the most important findings of the survey which in particular reflect the priorities of researchers in European countries, and which will be of use to stakeholders that include researchers, government, and research organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Kohl
- a MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research , Glasgow , UK
| | - Emilie Pondeville
- a MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research , Glasgow , UK
| | - Esther Schnettler
- a MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research , Glasgow , UK
| | - Andrea Crisanti
- b Department of Life Sciences , Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Clelia Supparo
- b Department of Life Sciences , Imperial College London , London , UK
| | | | - Paul J Kersey
- c The European Molecular Biology Laboratory , The European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus , Cambridge , UK
| | - Gareth L Maslen
- c The European Molecular Biology Laboratory , The European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus , Cambridge , UK
| | - Willem Takken
- d Laboratory of Entomology , Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | | | - Clelia F Oliva
- e Polo d'Innovazione di Genomica, Genetica e Biologia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Núria Busquets
- f Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA) , Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB , Barcelona , Spain
| | - F Xavier Abad
- f Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA) , Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- g Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Department of Virology , Institut Pasteur , Paris cedex 15 , France
| | - Elena A Levashina
- h Department of Vector Biology , Max-Planck-Institut für Infektionsbiologie, Campus Charité Mitte , Berlin , Germany
| | - Anthony J Wilson
- i Integrative Entomology Group, Vector-borne Viral Diseases Programme , The Pirbright Institute , Surrey , UK
| | - Eva Veronesi
- j Swiss National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology , University of Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Maëlle Pichard
- k Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors , Institut Pasteur, Unit of Insect Vector Genetics and Genomics , Paris cedex 15 , France
| | - Sarah Arnaud Marsh
- k Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors , Institut Pasteur, Unit of Insect Vector Genetics and Genomics , Paris cedex 15 , France
| | - Frédéric Simard
- l MIVEGEC "Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle" , UMR IRD224-CNRS5290-Université de Montpellier , Montpellier France
| | - Kenneth D Vernick
- k Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors , Institut Pasteur, Unit of Insect Vector Genetics and Genomics , Paris cedex 15 , France.,m CNRS Unit of Hosts, Vectors and Pathogens (URA3012) , Institut Pasteur , Paris cedex 15 , France
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23
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Eng MW, van Zuylen MN, Severson DW. Apoptosis-related genes control autophagy and influence DENV-2 infection in the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 76:70-83. [PMID: 27418459 PMCID: PMC5010484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the primary urban vector for dengue virus (DENV) worldwide. Insight into interactions occurring between host and pathogen is important in understanding what factors contribute to vector competence. However, many of the molecular mechanisms for vector competence remain unknown. Our previous global transcriptional analysis suggested that differential expression of apoptotic proteins is involved in determining refractoriness vs susceptibility to DENV-2 infection in Ae. aegypti females following a DENV-infected blood meal. To determine whether DENV-refractory Ae. aegypti showed more robust apoptosis upon infection, we compared numbers of apoptotic cells from midguts of refractory and susceptible strains and observed increased numbers of apoptotic cells in only the refractory strain upon DENV-2 infection. Thereafter, we manipulated apoptosis through dsRNA interference of the initiator caspase, Aedronc. Unexpectedly, dsAedronc-treated females showed both decreased frequency of disseminated infection and decreased virus titer in infected individuals. Insect caspases have also previously been identified as regulators of the cellular recycling process known as autophagy. We observed activation of autophagy in midgut and fat body tissues following a blood meal, as well as programmed activation of several apoptosis-related genes, including the effector caspase, Casps7. To determine whether autophagy was affected by caspase knockdown, we silenced Aedronc and Casps7, and observed reduced activation of autophagy upon silencing. Our results provide evidence that apoptosis-related genes are also involved in regulating autophagy, and that Aedronc may play an important role in DENV-2 infection success in Ae. aegypti, possibly through its regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Eng
- Eck Institute for Global Health and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Madeleine N van Zuylen
- Eck Institute for Global Health and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - David W Severson
- Eck Institute for Global Health and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Use of a Rapid Test for Diagnosis of Dengue during Suspected Dengue Outbreaks in Resource-Limited Regions. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:2090-5. [PMID: 27225409 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00521-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is major public health problem, globally. Timely verification of suspected dengue outbreaks allows for public health response, leading to the initiation of appropriate clinical care. Because the clinical presentation of dengue is nonspecific, dengue diagnosis would benefit from a sensitive rapid diagnostic test (RDT). We evaluated the diagnostic performance of an RDT that detects dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) and anti-DENV IgM during suspected acute febrile illness (AFI) outbreaks in four countries. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR and anti-DENV IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to verify RDT results. Anti-DENV IgM RDT sensitivity and specificity ranged from 55.3 to 91.7% and 85.3 to 98.5%, respectively, and NS1 sensitivity and specificity ranged from 49.7 to 92.9% and 22.2 to 89.0%, respectively. Sensitivity varied by timing of specimen collection and DENV serotype. Combined test results moderately improved the sensitivity. The use of RDTs identified dengue as the cause of AFI outbreaks where reference diagnostic testing was limited or unavailable.
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Yang H, Li Z, Lin H, Wang W, Yang J, Liu L, Zeng X, Wu Y, Yu Y, Li Y. A novel dengue virus serotype 1 vaccine candidate based on Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine strain SA14-14-2 as the backbone. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1517-26. [PMID: 26976137 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2817-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Rothman AL, Ennis FA. Dengue Vaccine: The Need, the Challenges, and Progress. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:825-7. [PMID: 26908750 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alan L Rothman
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence
| | - Francis A Ennis
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
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Abstract
Dengue is a major public health concern in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The prospects for dengue prevention have recently improved with the results of efficacy trials of a tetravalent dengue vaccine. Although partially effective, once licensed, its introduction can be a public health priority in heavily affected countries because of the perceived public health importance of dengue. This review explores the most immediate economic considerations of introducing a new dengue vaccine and evaluates the published economic analyses of dengue vaccination. Findings indicate that the current economic evidence base is of limited utility to support country-level decisions on dengue vaccine introduction. There are a handful of published cost-effectiveness studies and no country-specific costing studies to project the full resource requirements of dengue vaccine introduction. Country-level analytical expertise in economic analyses, another gap identified, needs to be strengthened to facilitate evidence-based decision-making on dengue vaccine introduction in endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Tozan
- a College of Global Public Health , New York University , New York , NY , USA
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New insights into the immunopathology and control of dengue virus infection. Nat Rev Immunol 2015; 15:745-59. [DOI: 10.1038/nri3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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