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Livieratos A, Gogos C, Akinosoglou K. Impact of Prior COVID-19 Immunization and/or Prior Infection on Immune Responses and Clinical Outcomes. Viruses 2024; 16:685. [PMID: 38793566 PMCID: PMC11125779 DOI: 10.3390/v16050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular and humoral immunity exhibit dynamic adaptation to the mutating SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is noteworthy that immune responses differ significantly, influenced by whether a patient has received vaccination or whether there is co-occurrence of naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity, known as hybrid immunity. The different immune reactions, conditional on vaccination status and the viral variant involved, bear implications for inflammatory responses, patient outcomes, pathogen transmission rates, and lingering post-COVID conditions. Considering these developments, we have performed a review of recently published literature, aiming to disentangle the intricate relationships among immunological profiles, transmission, the long-term health effects post-COVID infection poses, and the resultant clinical manifestations. This investigation is directed toward understanding the variability in the longevity and potency of cellular and humoral immune responses elicited by immunization and hybrid infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charalambos Gogos
- Department of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece; (C.G.); (K.A.)
| | - Karolina Akinosoglou
- Department of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece; (C.G.); (K.A.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
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2
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Qian J, Zhang S, Wang F, Li J, Zhang J. What makes SARS-CoV-2 unique? Focusing on the spike protein. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:404-430. [PMID: 38263600 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seriously threatens public health and safety. Genetic variants determine the expression of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins, which are associated with enhanced transmissibility, enhanced virulence, and immune escape. Vaccination is encouraged as a public health intervention, and different types of vaccines are used worldwide. However, new variants continue to emerge, especially the Omicron complex, and the neutralizing antibody responses are diminished significantly. In this review, we outlined the uniqueness of SARS-CoV-2 from three perspectives. First, we described the detailed structure of the spike (S) protein, which is highly susceptible to mutations and contributes to the distinct infection cycle of the virus. Second, we systematically summarized the immunoglobulin G epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 and highlighted the central role of the nonconserved regions of the S protein in adaptive immune escape. Third, we provided an overview of the vaccines targeting the S protein and discussed the impact of the nonconserved regions on vaccine effectiveness. The characterization and identification of the structure and genomic organization of SARS-CoV-2 will help elucidate its mechanisms of viral mutation and infection and provide a basis for the selection of optimal treatments. The leaps in advancements regarding improved diagnosis, targeted vaccines and therapeutic remedies provide sound evidence showing that scientific understanding, research, and technology evolved at the pace of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Qian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shichang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
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3
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Yorsaeng R, Atsawawaranunt K, Riad A. Editorial: COVID-19 booster vaccination: increasing immunity against life-threatening infection. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1342118. [PMID: 38264241 PMCID: PMC10804992 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1342118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ritthideach Yorsaeng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamolthip Atsawawaranunt
- Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Abanoub Riad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic (IHIS-CR), Prague, Czechia
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Center of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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4
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Jin L, Tang R, Wu S, Guo X, Huang H, Hou L, Chen X, Zhu T, Gou J, Zhong J, Pan H, Cui L, Chen Y, Xia X, Feng J, Wang X, Zhao Q, Xu X, Li Z, Zhang X, Chen W, Li J, Zhu F. Antibody persistence and safety after heterologous boosting with orally aerosolised Ad5-nCoV in individuals primed with two-dose CoronaVac previously: 12-month analyses of a randomized controlled trial. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2155251. [PMID: 36503413 PMCID: PMC10519268 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2155251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibody persistence and safety up to 12 months of heterologous orally administered adenovirus type-5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) in individuals who were primed with two-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) previously, has not been reported yet. This randomized, open-label, single-centre trial included Chinese adults who have received two-dose CoronaVac randomized to low-dose or high-dose aerosolised Ad5-nCoV group, or CoronaVac group. In this report, we mainly evaluated the geometric mean titres (GMTs) of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against live wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus and omicron BA.4/5 pseudovirus at 12 months after the booster dose and the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) till month 12. Of 419 participants, all were included in the safety analysis and 120 (28.64%) were included in the immunogenicity analysis. Serum NAb GMT against live wild-type SARS-CoV-2 was 204.36 (95% CI 152.91, 273.14) in the low-dose group and 171.38 (95% CI 121.27, 242.19) in the high-dose group at month 12, significantly higher than the GMT in the CoronaVac group (8.00 [95% CI 4.22, 15.17], p < 0.0001). Serum NAb GMT against omicron BA.4/5 pseudovirus was 40.97 (95% CI 30.15, 55.67) in the low-dose group and 35.08 (95% CI 26.31, 46.77) in the high-dose group at month 12, whereas the GMT in the CoronaVac group was below the lower limit of detection. No vaccine-related SAEs were observed. Orally administered aerosolised Ad5-nCoV following two-dose CoronaVac priming has a good safety profile and is persistently more immunogenic than three-dose CoronaVac within 12 months after the booster dose.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05043259..
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Affiliation(s)
- Lairun Jin
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Tang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shipo Wu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiling Guo
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Cansino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Hou
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Chen
- Donghai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Cansino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Gou
- Cansino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhong
- Donghai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Pan
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lunbiao Cui
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Chen
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Xia
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialu Feng
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- Cansino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cansino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiaoYu Xu
- Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuopei Li
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Li
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology (Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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5
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da Penha Gomes Gouvea M, Lira Machado KLL, de Oliveira YGP, Moulaz IR, Henriques AG, Gouveia TM, Thompson BP, Lança KEM, de Souza Ramos S, Lacerda GCC, Lenzi JPG, de Castro Pimentel F, Miossi JPM, Rassele ML, Camacho LAB, Villela DAM, de Lima SMB, de Souza Azevedo A, Horbach IS, de Araújo MF, Tort LFL, de Oliveira ACA, Siqueira MM, Garcia CC, da Costa-Rocha IA, Campi-Azevedo AC, Peruhype-Magalhães V, da Silva VG, Miyamoto ST, Dos Santos Fantoni RN, Pinto-Neto LF, Magda Domingues C, de Medeiros Junior NF, Burian AP, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Mota LMH, Mill JG, Martins-Filho OA, Valim V. Timeline kinetics of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 upon primary vaccination and humoral response to variants after booster dose. Vaccine 2023; 41:6514-6528. [PMID: 37661534 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
New variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged, imposing the need for periodic booster doses. However, whether booster doses should be applied to the entire population or groups, and the booster doses interval, remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated humoral reactivity kinetics from before the first dose to 180 days after the third booster dose in different schedules in a well-controlled health worker cohort. Among the 2,506 employees, the first 500 vaccinated health workers were invited to participate. The third booster dose was administered 8 months after the first dose. Among the invited participants, 470 were included in the study; 258 received inactivated vaccine CoronaVac (VAC group) and 212 received viral vector vaccine ChAdOx1 (AZV group). The groups were homogeneous in terms of age and sex. 347 participants were followed up after the booster dose with AZV or BNT162b2 (Pfizer, BNT group): 63 with VAC/AZV, 117 with VAC/BNT, 72 with the AZV/AZV and 95 with AZV/BNT schedules. Blood samples were collected immediately before, 28 days after each dose and 180 days after the primary vaccination and booster dose. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured by chemiluminescence and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Plasma immune mediators were quantified using a multiplex immunoassay. Geometric mean of antibodies increased 28 days after the second dose with 100 % seroconversion rate in both groups and decreased 180 days after the first dose. In the baseline-seropositive VAC group, the levels of plasma immune mediators increased after the second dose. Booster dose was applied at 4-6 months after the primary vaccination. Heterologous booster in VAC or AZV primary vaccinees were effective maintaining the titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies even after 6 months of follow-up. The heterologous schedule induced higher and stable antibody reactivity, even after 180 days, protecting to ancestral (Wuhan), Delta, and Omicron variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria da Penha Gomes Gouvea
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSC), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Ketty Lysie Libardi Lira Machado
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSC), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Gurtler Pinheiro de Oliveira
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSC), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Isac Ribeiro Moulaz
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Allan Gonçalves Henriques
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Thayná Martins Gouveia
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Paoli Thompson
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Karen Evelin Monlevade Lança
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Sabrina de Souza Ramos
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - João Pedro Gonçalves Lenzi
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Felipe de Castro Pimentel
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Moraes Miossi
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Matheus Leite Rassele
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sheila Maria Barbosa de Lima
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica (LATEV), Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana de Souza Azevedo
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica (LATEV), Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Siciliano Horbach
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica (LATEV), Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mia Ferreira de Araújo
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais (LVRE), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Lopez Tort
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais (LVRE), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Any Caroline Alves de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais (LVRE), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marilda Mendonça Siqueira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais (LVRE), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Couto Garcia
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ-Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais (LVRE), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Vanézia Gonçalves da Silva
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSC), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Samira Tatiyama Miyamoto
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carla Magda Domingues
- External Consultant, Temporary Consulting of the Pan American Health Organization, Brazil
| | - Nésio Fernandes de Medeiros Junior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSC), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Burian
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Geraldo Mill
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSC), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Valéria Valim
- Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HUCAM-UFES/EBSERH), Vitória, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSC), Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
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6
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Yorsaeng R, Atsawawaranunt K, Suntronwong N, Kanokudom S, Chansaenroj J, Assawakosri S, Nilyanimit P, Aeemjinda R, Khanarat N, Wongsrisang L, Auphimai C, Vichaiwattana P, Klinfueng S, Thongmee T, Srimuan D, Thatsanathorn T, Sudhinaraset N, Wanlapakorn N, Poovorawan Y. SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Dynamics after COVID-19 Vaccination and Infection: A Real-World Cross-Sectional Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1184. [PMID: 37515001 PMCID: PMC10384814 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to surge despite the widespread use of vaccination. In Thailand, more than 77% and 39% of the population received two doses and three doses of COVID-19 vaccines as of December 2022, respectively. In addition, during the Omicron predominant period in 2022, more than 70% of Thai individuals have been infected. To gain comprehensive insight into SARS-CoV-2 antibody dynamics following vaccination or following vaccination and infection (hybrid immunity), we performed a cross-sectional analysis of sera samples from individuals who received COVID-19 vaccination and/or have been infected with COVID-19 in Thailand between January 2021 and December 2022. A total of 4126 samples were collected. Humoral immunity was evaluated by quantifying the immunoglobulin (including IgG, IgM, and IgA isotypes) specific to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) or Ig anti-RBD. The results showed that individuals who received two-dose vaccination alone had lower levels of Ig anti-RBD, which rapidly waned over time. To restore the waning antibody, a third dose vaccination is recommended for uninfected individuals who have only received 2 doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritthideach Yorsaeng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kamolthip Atsawawaranunt
- Institute for Urban Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Anusawari, Bang Khen, Bangkok 10220, Thailand
| | - Nungruthai Suntronwong
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sitthichai Kanokudom
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jira Chansaenroj
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suvichada Assawakosri
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornjarim Nilyanimit
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ratchadawan Aeemjinda
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nongkanok Khanarat
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Lakkhana Wongsrisang
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chompoonut Auphimai
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirapa Klinfueng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanunrat Thongmee
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Donchida Srimuan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thaksaporn Thatsanathorn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Sudhinaraset
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nasamon Wanlapakorn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- The Royal Society of Thailand, Sanam Sueapa, Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
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7
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Cheung CKM, Law KWT, Law AWH, Law MF, Ho R, Wong SH. Efficacy of Vaccine Protection Against COVID-19 Virus Infection in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:718-735. [PMID: 36969905 PMCID: PMC10037513 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 is a useful weapon to combat the virus. Patients with chronic liver diseases (CLDs), including compensated or decompensated liver cirrhosis and noncirrhotic diseases, have a decreased immunologic response to coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines. At the same time, they have increased mortality if infected. Current data show a reduction in mortality when patients with chronic liver diseases are vaccinated. A suboptimal vaccine response has been observed in liver transplant recipients, especially those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, so an early booster dose is recommended to achieve a better protective effect. Currently, there are no clinical data comparing the protective efficacy of different vaccines in patients with chronic liver diseases. Patient preference, availability of the vaccine in the country or area, and adverse effect profiles are factors to consider when choosing a vaccine. There have been reports of immune-mediated hepatitis after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination, and clinicians should be aware of that potential side effect. Most patients who developed hepatitis after vaccination responded well to treatment with prednisolone, but an alternative type of vaccine should be considered for subsequent booster doses. Further prospective studies are required to investigate the duration of immunity and protection against different viral variants in patients with chronic liver diseases or liver transplant recipients, as well as the effect of heterologous vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ka Man Cheung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | - Man Fai Law
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rita Ho
- Department of Medicine, North District Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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8
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Prayongrat A, Noppaving P, Chobarporn T, Sudhinaraset N, Teeyapun N, Pakvisal N, Jantarabenjakul W, Sophonphan J, Lertbutsayanukul C, Poovorawan Y. Safety and Immunogenicity of Homologous and Heterologous Adenoviral-Vectored and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Regimens in Radiotherapy Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1135. [PMID: 37514951 PMCID: PMC10383644 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diminished immune response after vaccination occurs in cancer patients. This observational study evaluated the immune response and safety profile after COVID-19 vaccination in radiotherapy patients. The study comprised 53 cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and voluntarily received the COVID-19 vaccine. The two regimens were homologous ChAdOx1-S recombinant (AstraZeneca, AZ), "AZ-AZ" and heterologous "AZ-mRNA". The seroconversion rate and anti-RBD immunoglobulin geometric mean titers (GMT) were assessed and compared with healthy controls. Adverse effects were assessed using a questionnaire. The seroconversion rate was 52.4% 1 month after the first dose with GMT 4.3 U/mL (95%CI 1.4-13). Following the second dose, the AZ-AZ group achieved 95% seroconversion rate with GMT = 188.4 U/mL (95%CI 67.1-529), which was significantly lower than the healthy cohort, GMT = 945 U/mL (95%CI 708-1261). Cancer patients in AZ-mRNA group achieved a 100% seroconversion rate with a high GMT = 1400.8 U/mL (95%CI 429.5-4566), which was significantly lower than the healthy cohort, GMT = 5169.9 U/mL (95%CI 3582.2-7461.5). Most adverse effects were mild. Our findings suggest that radiotherapy patients had fair immunogenicity after the first dose, but achieved a high seroconversion rate after the second dose with manageable adverse effects. However, their immunologic response was lower than in healthy individuals, indicating that other preventive strategies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anussara Prayongrat
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Patjaya Noppaving
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thitiporn Chobarporn
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Sudhinaraset
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nattaya Teeyapun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nussara Pakvisal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Watsamon Jantarabenjakul
- Center of Excellence for Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Chawalit Lertbutsayanukul
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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9
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Bureerug TC, Kanokudom S, Suntronwong N, Yorsaeng R, Assawakosri S, Thongmee T, Poovorawan Y. Evaluation of Anti-S1 IgA Response to Different COVID-19 Vaccination Regimens. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1117. [PMID: 37376506 PMCID: PMC10301034 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IgA plays a crucial role in early virus neutralization. To identify the IgA stimulation by COVID-19 vaccine, this study aimed to evaluate the level of anti-S1 IgA in the serum of participants immunized with different COVID-19 vaccination regimens. Sera from 567 eligible participants vaccinated with two, three, or four doses of different types of COVID-19 vaccine were recruited. Post-vaccine anti-S1 IgA responses significantly varied according to vaccine type and regimen. The finding showed that heterologous boosters, especially after priming with an inactivated vaccine, elicited higher IgA levels than homologous boosters. Vaccination with SV/SV/PF produced the highest IgA level among all the immunization regimens after either two, three, or four doses. The different routes and amounts of vaccine used for vaccination showed non-significant differences in IgA levels. After the third dose of immunization for 4 months, the level of IgA decreased significantly from the level found on day 28 in both SV/SV/AZ and SV/SV/PF groups. In conclusion, our study showed that heterologous booster regimens for COVID-19 elicited higher anti-S1 IgA levels in serum, especially after priming with inactivated vaccine. The presented anti-S1 IgA may have advantages in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teeraporn C. Bureerug
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Sitthichai Kanokudom
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (N.S.); (R.Y.); (S.A.); (T.T.); (Y.P.)
- Center of Excellence in Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nungruthai Suntronwong
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (N.S.); (R.Y.); (S.A.); (T.T.); (Y.P.)
| | - Ritthideach Yorsaeng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (N.S.); (R.Y.); (S.A.); (T.T.); (Y.P.)
| | - Suvichada Assawakosri
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (N.S.); (R.Y.); (S.A.); (T.T.); (Y.P.)
- Center of Excellence in Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanunrat Thongmee
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (N.S.); (R.Y.); (S.A.); (T.T.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (N.S.); (R.Y.); (S.A.); (T.T.); (Y.P.)
- Fellow of the Royal Society of Thailand, The Royal Society of Thailand, Sanam Sueapa, Dusit, Bangkok 1030, Thailand
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10
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Sheng WH, Ieong SM, Lin PH, Hsieh MJ, Yang HC, Pan CF, Chao TL, Chang SY, Chang SC. Immunogenicity and safety of third-dose mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in healthy adults previously vaccinated with two doses of the ChAdOx1 vaccine. J Formos Med Assoc 2023; 122:121-131. [PMID: 36127206 PMCID: PMC9452412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The efficacy and safety of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) booster vaccines remain limited. We investigated the immunogenicity and adverse events of the third dose of mRNA vaccines in healthy adults. METHODS Volunteers vaccinated with two doses of the adenoviral vaccine (ChAdOx1) 12 weeks before were administered with an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. These were divided into three groups, full-dose mRNA-1273 (group 1); half-dose mRNA-1273 (group 2); and full-dose BNT-162b2 (group 3). Primary outcomes included serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers and neutralizing antibody titers against B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.617.2 (delta), and B.1.1.529 (omicron) variants. Secondary outcomes included the evaluation of humoral and cellular immunity and vaccine-associated adverse events after the boost. RESULTS Totally 300 participants were recruited, and 298 participants were enrolled. For all three groups, an increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG geometric mean titers (30.12- to 71.80-fold) and neutralizing antibody titers against the alpha variant (69.80- to 173.23-folds), delta variant (132.69- to 324.63-folds), and omicron variant (135.36- to 222.37-folds) were observed on day 28. All groups showed robust T- and B-cell responses after boosting. Adverse events were overall mild and transient but with higher prevalence and severity in group 1 participants than in other groups. CONCLUSION Third dose mRNA COVID-19 vaccines markedly enhanced cellular and humoral responses and were safe. Immunological responses and adverse events were higher in individuals receiving the full-dose mRNA-1273 vaccine, followed by a half-dose mRNA-1273 vaccine and BNT-162b2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Huei Sheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Si-Man Ieong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Hung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Occupational Safety and Health Office, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fu Pan
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Chao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chwen Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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11
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Differences in BNT126b2 and ChAdOx1 Homologous Vaccination Antibody Response among Teachers in Poznan, Poland. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010118. [PMID: 36679962 PMCID: PMC9862687 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Children are among the best vectors to spread respiratory viruses, including emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 due to the asymptomatic or relatively mild course of infection and simultaneously high titres of pathogens in the respiratory tract. Therefore, individuals who have constant contact with children, e.g., teachers should be vaccinated against COVID-19 as essential workers within the first phases of a vaccination campaign. In Poland, primary and secondary school teachers were vaccinated with ChAdOx1 from February 2021 with a three month interval between the two doses, while lecturers at medical universities, who are simultaneously healthcare workers, received the BNT126b2 vaccine from December 2020 with three weeks between the first and second doses. The aim of this study was to compare the antibody responses at two weeks and three months after vaccination and to estimate the vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 among infection-naïve teachers vaccinated with mRNA and a vector vaccine. We found that the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies were significantly higher among the lecturers but antibody waning was slower among the schoolteachers. However, those vaccinated with ChAdOx1 complained significantly more often of vaccine side effects. In addition, during the three months after the second vaccine dose no study participants were infected with SARS-CoV-2. The BNT126b2 vaccine gave higher antibody titres in comparison with ChAdOx1 but protection against COVID-19 in both cases was similar. Moreover, we did not find any anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein antibodies at two weeks as well as at three months after vaccination among the study participants, which shows a very high vaccine effectiveness in the occupational group with a high SARS-CoV-2-infection risk.
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12
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Sedaghat N, Etemadifar M, Lotfi N, Sayahi F, Chitsaz A, Salari M, Ghasemi Movaghar A. Third COVID-19 vaccine dose for people with multiple sclerosis who did not seroconvert following two doses of BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) inactivated vaccine: A pilot study on safety and immunogenicity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:952911. [PMID: 36895555 PMCID: PMC9989190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.952911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) on anti-CD20 therapies (aCD20) and fingolimod have shown inadequate humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccines. Objective The objective of the study was to pilot larger studies by demonstrating the safety and comparing the immunogenicity of different types of third doses in seronegative pwMS after two doses of BBIBP-CorV inactivated vaccine. Methods In December 2021, subject to receiving their third dose, being COVID-19-naiive, and receiving no corticosteroid within two months, we measured the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike IgG in pwMS seronegative after two shots of BBIBP-CorV inactivated vaccine. Results We included 20/29 pwMS who received adenoviral vector (AV), 7/29 who received inactivated, and 2/29 who received conjugated third doses. No serious adverse events were reported two weeks post-third dose. The pwMS receiving AV third doses showed significantly increased IgG concentrations, while only the ones not on aCD20 and fingolimod responded to inactivated third doses. An ordinal logistic multivariable generalized linear model indicated that age (per year β: -0.10, P = 0.04), type of disease-modifying therapy (aCD20 β: -8.36, P <0.01; fingolimod β: -8.63, P = 0.01; others: reference), and type of third dose (AV or conjugated β: 2.36, P = 0.02; inactivated: reference) are predictive of third dose immunogenicity among pwMS who remain seronegative after two shots of BBIBP-CorV vaccine. Statistical significance was not achieved for variables sex, MS duration, EDSS, duration of DMT, duration of third dose to IgG test, and duration from last aCD20 infusion to third dose. Conclusion This preliminary pilot study highlights the need for further research to determine the optimal COVID-19 third dose vaccination strategy for pwMS living in areas where BBIBP-CorV vaccine has been used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahad Sedaghat
- Alzahra Research Institute, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Etemadifar
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Lotfi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farnaz Sayahi
- Isfahan Research Committee of Multiple Sclerosis (IRCOMS), Isfahan Multiple Sclerosis Center, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Chitsaz
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehri Salari
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghasemi Movaghar
- Alzahra Research Institute, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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13
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Wichaidit M, Nopsopon T, Sunan K, Phutrakool P, Ruchikachorn P, Wanvarie D, Pratanwanich PN, Cheewaruangroj N, Punyabukkana P, Pongpirul K. Breakthrough infections, hospital admissions, and mortality after major COVID-19 vaccination profiles: A prospective cohort study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2023; 8:100106. [PMID: 36349259 PMCID: PMC9633626 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Several COVID-19 vaccination rollout strategies are implemented. Real-world data from the large-scale, government-mandated Central Vaccination Center (CVC), Thailand, could be used for comparing the breakthrough infection, across all available COVID-19 vaccination profiles. Methods This prospective cohort study combined the vaccine profiles from the CVC registry with three nationally validated outcome datasets to assess the breakthrough COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death among Thais individuals who received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The outcomes were analyzed by comparing vaccine profiles to investigate the shot effect and homologous effect. Findings Of 2,407,315 Thais who had at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, 63,469 (2.75%) had breakthrough infection, 42,001 (1.79%) had been hospitalized, and 431 (0.02%) died. Per one vaccination shot added, there was an 18% risk reduction of breakthrough infection (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80-0.82), a 25% risk reduction of hospitalization (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.73-0.76), and a 96% risk reduction of mortality (HR 0.04, 95% CI 0.03-0.06). The heterologous two-shot vaccine profiles had a higher protective effect against infection, hospitalization, and mortality compared to the homologous counterparts. Interpretation COVID-19 breakthrough infection, hospitalization, and death differ across vaccination profiles that had a different number of shots and types of vaccines. Funding This study did not involve any funding.
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Key Words
- AZ, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Vaxzevria, Cambridge, AstraZeneca, UK
- CO-Ward, Thai COVID-19 hospitalization dataset
- CVC, central vaccination center
- Co-Lab, Thai COVID-19 infection dataset
- IN, inactivated vaccine
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- MN, mRNA-1273, Moderna, NIAID, USA
- MR, mRNA vaccine
- PDPA, Personal Data Protection Act
- PEC, primary eligibiligy criteria
- PZ, BNT162b2, Comirnaty, BioNTech, Mainz, Germany
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
- SP, Sinopharm, Beijing Institute of Biological Products, China
- SV, CoronaVac, Sinovac Biotech, Beijing, China
- VSDMC, Vaccine Safety and Data Monitoring Committee
- VV, viral vector vaccine
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkwan Wichaidit
- Institute of Dermatology, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanawin Nopsopon
- School of Global Health and Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Krittiyaporn Sunan
- Institute of Dermatology, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand,School of Global Health and Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phanupong Phutrakool
- School of Global Health and Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Dittaya Wanvarie
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ploy Naruemon Pratanwanich
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nontawit Cheewaruangroj
- Government Big Data Institute (GBDi), Digital Economy Promotion Agency, Ministry of Digital Economy and Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Proadpran Punyabukkana
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krit Pongpirul
- School of Global Health and Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Clinical Research Center, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand,Corresponding author. 1873 Rama IV Rd., Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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14
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Wanlapakorn N, Suntronwong N, Phowatthanasathian H, Yorsaeng R, Vichaiwattana P, Thongmee T, Auphimai C, Srimuan D, Thatsanatorn T, Assawakosri S, Kanokudom S, Poovorawan Y. Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous and homologous inactivated and adenoviral-vectored COVID-19 vaccine regimens in healthy adults: a prospective cohort study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2029111. [PMID: 35209809 PMCID: PMC8993087 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2029111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of intermittent supply shortages of individual vaccines and evidence of rare but serious adverse events after vaccination, heterologous regimens for COVID-19 vaccines have gained significant interest. This study aims to assess the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the heterologous adenoviral vector (ChAdOx1-S, AstraZeneca; hereafter referred to as AZ) and the inactivated vaccine regimen (CoronaVac; hereafter referred to as CV) in healthy Thai adults immunized between June and September 2021. Our study showed that adverse events following homologous CV-CV and AZ-AZ, and heterologous CV-AZ and AZ-CV combinations, were mild and well tolerated overall. Receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific antibody responses and neutralizing activities against wild-type and variants of concern after two-dose vaccination were higher in the heterologous CV-AZ and homologous AZ-AZ groups compared to the CV-CV and AZ-CV groups. Conversely, the spike-specific IgA response was detected only in the CV-AZ group after two doses of vaccination. The total interferon gamma response was detected in both the CV-AZ and AZ-CV groups after the two-dose vaccination. Given the shorter completion time of two doses, heterologous CoronaVac followed by ChAdOx1-S can be considered as an alternative regimen to homologous efficacy-proven ChAdOx1-S in countries with circulating variants. Additional studies on the efficacy and durability of immune responses induced by heterologous vaccine regimens are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasamon Wanlapakorn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nungruthai Suntronwong
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Harit Phowatthanasathian
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ritthideach Yorsaeng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanunrat Thongmee
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chompoonut Auphimai
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Donchida Srimuan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thaksaporn Thatsanatorn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suvichada Assawakosri
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sitthichai Kanokudom
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- FRS(T), The Royal Society of Thailand, Sanam Sueapa, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand
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15
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Ai J, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Fu Z, Lin K, Song J, Zhao Y, Fan M, Wang H, Zhou Y, Chen X, Qiu C, Zhang W. Safety and immunogenicity of a third-dose homologous BBIBP-CorV boosting vaccination: interim results from a prospective open-label study. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:639-647. [PMID: 35034582 PMCID: PMC8881062 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2025746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A COVID-19 booster vaccination is being comprehensively evaluated globally due to the emerging concern of reduced protection rate of previous vaccination and circulating Variants of Concern (VOC). But the safety and immunogenicity of homologous BBIBP-CorV boosting vaccination are yet to be thoroughly evaluated. We conducted this prospective, open-label study in Huashan Hospital using a third 6.5U BBIBP-CorV administered at an interval of 4-8 months following the previous two doses in healthy adults. Safety, anti-RBD response and neutralizing titers against SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs were examined. Sixty-three and forty participants entered the booster and the control group, respectively. A significant increase in IFN-γ SFU per million PBMCs was observed on day 14 against N peptide (20 vs. 5, P < 0.001). On day 14, pVNT GMTs increased over 15 folds of the baseline levels against prototype to reach 404.54 titers and over 9-13 folds against 4 VOCs and continuously increased by day 28. sVNT GMTs increased 112.51 and 127.45 folds by days 14 and 28 compared to the baseline level. Median anti-RBD antibody and IgG level significantly increased from 11.12 to 2607.50 BAU/ml and 4.07 to 619.20 BAU/ml on day 14. On day 14, females showed a significantly higher cell-mediated immune response against S1 peptide. The 7-8 months interval group had a higher humoral response than the 4-6 months interval group. No severe adverse event was reported. A third homologous BBIBP-CorV boosting vaccination was safe and highly immunogenic for healthy adults and broadened participants' immunity against VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Ai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haocheng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiran Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangfan Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieyu Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhan Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxiang Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH) Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Sharma E, Revinipati S, Bhandari S, Thakur S, Goyal S, Ghose A, Bajpai S, Muhammad W, Boussios S. Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines-An Update. Diseases 2022; 10:112. [PMID: 36547198 PMCID: PMC9777372 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A few centuries ago, the first vaccine vial was formulated, and since then, they have resulted in an eminent reduction in infectious diseases associated morbidity and mortality. The discovery of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 disease and its steady progression to a global pandemic with 603,711,760 confirmed cases and 6,484,136 reported deaths according to the World Health Organization (WHO) on 7 September 2022 was exceedingly catastrophic. This brought about an unexpected need for preventative and cost-effective measures to curb the devastating impact of the virus, followed by accelerated competition within the pharma giants to manufacture and dispense vaccines at an exponential rate. Non-pharmaceutical medications such as mandated face mask policies, the imposition of travel limitations and generalized disinfectant use were somewhat successful in mitigating the catastrophic effect, but the onus fell upon vaccination strategies and other medical interventions to counteract and subdue this international health threat. The need to ensure current and future pandemic preparedness, however, presents multiple hurdles, among which are equitable vaccine access and the rising trend of vaccine hesitancy at an individual and international level, which are beyond the scope of this discussion. With this review article, we seek to draw perspective on current COVID-19 virus variants, in-hand vaccine types with their mechanism of action along with their effectiveness and safety profile. We also aim to discuss substantial side effects while adding a segment on the booster dose controversy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshani Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore 575001, India
| | | | - Saisha Bhandari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore 575001, India
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Sejal Thakur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore 575001, India
| | - Shubham Goyal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Aruni Ghose
- Department of Internal Medicine, Newham University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E13 8SL, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
| | - Sukrit Bajpai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Waleed Muhammad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Newham University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E13 8SL, UK
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- AELIA Organization, 9th KM Thessaloniki—Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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17
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Teeyapun N, Luangdilok S, Pakvisal N, Sainamthip P, Mingmalairak S, Poovorawan N, Sitthideatphaiboon P, Parinyanitikul N, Sriuranpong V, Namkanisorn T, Inthasuwan P, Angspatt P, Wongchanapat P, Bamrungnam A, Leeleakpai N, Uttha S, Jaichum S, Kongkaew P, Suksanong C, Veranitinun R, Prasomphol A, Sartsuk C, Patcharajutanon C, Preaprang S, Choengsamor H, Phongwan R, Preeyasaksa C, Phaibulvatanapong E, Suntronwong N, Yorsaeng R, Vichaiwattana P, Wanlapakorn N, Kerr SJ, Poovorawan Y, Wanchaijiraboon P, Tanasanvimon S. Immunogenicity of ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine in solid malignancy patients by treatment regimen versus healthy controls: A prospective, multicenter observational study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 52:101608. [PMID: 35971500 PMCID: PMC9366110 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data exists regarding the efficacy of ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine against Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) in solid cancer patients. We aimed to assess the immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine and the impact of different anticancer therapies for solid malignancies on immune response. METHODS This prospective, longitudinal observational study of immunogenicity following ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccination among 385 solid cancer patients on active cancer treatment was conducted in two oncology centers. Participants received the first dose between June 18 and July 27, 2021 and the second dose at 8-10 weeks later. Blood samples were evaluated for total immunoglobulins against the receptor-binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-RBD total-Ig) before, and 4-week after the first- and second-doses. The primary endpoint was the geometric mean titers (GMT) of antibody among solid cancer patients compared to healthy controls and the impact of different cancer treatment types. FINDINGS Among solid cancer patients, the antibody level increased more slowly to significantly lower levels than achieved in healthy controls. The GMT at 4-weeks post-vaccination in cancer vs. healthy were 224.5 U/ml (95%CI 176.4-285.6) vs. 877.1 U/ml (95%CI 763.5-1008), p<0.0001), respectively. For different types of cancer treatments, chemotherapy agents, especially anthracyclines (GMR 0.004; 95%CI 0.002-0.008), paclitaxel (GMR 0.268; 95%CI 0.123-0.581), oxaliplatin (GMR 0.340; 95%CI 0.165-0.484), and immunotherapy (GMR 0.203; 95%CI 0.109-0.381) showed significantly lower antibody response. Anti-HER2, endocrine therapy and 5-fluouracil or gemcitabine, however, had less impact on the immune response. INTERPRETATION Suboptimal and heterogeneous immunologic responses were observed in cancer patients being treated with different systemic treatments. Immunotherapy or chemotherapy significantly suppressed the antibody response. FUNDING Quality Improvement Fund, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society and Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology at Chulalongkorn University and Chulalongkorn Medical Oncology Research Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattaya Teeyapun
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sutima Luangdilok
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nussara Pakvisal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Panot Sainamthip
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Siyamol Mingmalairak
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nattaya Poovorawan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Piyada Sitthideatphaiboon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Napa Parinyanitikul
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Virote Sriuranpong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Teerayuth Namkanisorn
- Phrapokklao Cancer Center of Excellence, Phrapokklao Clinical Research center, Phrapokklao Genomic Laboratories, Phrapokklao Hospital, Mueang District, Chantaburi 22000, Thailand
| | - Pratchaya Inthasuwan
- Phrapokklao Cancer Center of Excellence, Phrapokklao Clinical Research center, Phrapokklao Genomic Laboratories, Phrapokklao Hospital, Mueang District, Chantaburi 22000, Thailand
| | - Pattama Angspatt
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ploytuangporn Wongchanapat
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Akradach Bamrungnam
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nutchanok Leeleakpai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sutheera Uttha
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Jaichum
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Peerawich Kongkaew
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chayanin Suksanong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Rattiya Veranitinun
- Phrapokklao Cancer Center of Excellence, Phrapokklao Clinical Research center, Phrapokklao Genomic Laboratories, Phrapokklao Hospital, Mueang District, Chantaburi 22000, Thailand
| | - Ampai Prasomphol
- Phrapokklao Cancer Center of Excellence, Phrapokklao Clinical Research center, Phrapokklao Genomic Laboratories, Phrapokklao Hospital, Mueang District, Chantaburi 22000, Thailand
| | - Chada Sartsuk
- Phrapokklao Cancer Center of Excellence, Phrapokklao Clinical Research center, Phrapokklao Genomic Laboratories, Phrapokklao Hospital, Mueang District, Chantaburi 22000, Thailand
| | - Cheeraporn Patcharajutanon
- Phrapokklao Cancer Center of Excellence, Phrapokklao Clinical Research center, Phrapokklao Genomic Laboratories, Phrapokklao Hospital, Mueang District, Chantaburi 22000, Thailand
| | - Supreeya Preaprang
- Phrapokklao Cancer Center of Excellence, Phrapokklao Clinical Research center, Phrapokklao Genomic Laboratories, Phrapokklao Hospital, Mueang District, Chantaburi 22000, Thailand
| | - Hathairat Choengsamor
- Phrapokklao Cancer Center of Excellence, Phrapokklao Clinical Research center, Phrapokklao Genomic Laboratories, Phrapokklao Hospital, Mueang District, Chantaburi 22000, Thailand
| | - Rungthong Phongwan
- Phrapokklao Cancer Center of Excellence, Phrapokklao Clinical Research center, Phrapokklao Genomic Laboratories, Phrapokklao Hospital, Mueang District, Chantaburi 22000, Thailand
| | - Charoenpit Preeyasaksa
- Phrapokklao Cancer Center of Excellence, Phrapokklao Clinical Research center, Phrapokklao Genomic Laboratories, Phrapokklao Hospital, Mueang District, Chantaburi 22000, Thailand
| | | | - Nungruthai Suntronwong
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ritthideach Yorsaeng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nasamon Wanlapakorn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Stephen J. Kerr
- Biostatistics Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Passakorn Wanchaijiraboon
- Phrapokklao Cancer Center of Excellence, Phrapokklao Clinical Research center, Phrapokklao Genomic Laboratories, Phrapokklao Hospital, Mueang District, Chantaburi 22000, Thailand
| | - Suebpong Tanasanvimon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Corresponding author at: Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and The King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital 1873 Rama IV Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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K A, Sharma A, Kumar D, Singh SK, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Nagraik R. Molecular aspects of Omicron, vaccine development, and recombinant strain XE: A review. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4628-4643. [PMID: 35705439 PMCID: PMC9349635 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19 began in December 2019 and is still continuing. The past 2 years have seen the emergence of several variants that were more vicious than each other. The emergence of Omicron (B.1.1.529) proved to be a huge epidemiological concern as the rate of infection of this particular strain was enormous. The strain was identified in South Africa on November 24, 2021 and was classified as a "Variant of Concern" on November 26, 2021. The Omicron variant possessed mutations in the key RBD region, the S region, thereby increasing the affinity of ACE2 for better transmission of the virus. Antibody resistance was found in this variant and it was able to reduce vaccine efficiency of vaccines. The need for a booster vaccine was brought forth due to the prevalence of the Omicron variant and, subsequently, this led to targeted research and development of variant-specific vaccines and booster dosage. This review discusses broadly the genomic characters and features of Omicron along with its specific mutations, evolution, antibody resistance, and evasion, utilization of CRISPR-Cas12a assay for Omicron detection, T-cell immunity elicited by vaccines against Omicron, and strategies to decrease Omicron infection along with COVID-19 and it also discusses on XE recombinant variant and on infectivity of BA.2 subvariant of Omicron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash K
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and BiotechnologyShoolini UniversitySolanHimachal PradeshIndia
| | - Avinash Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and BiotechnologyShoolini UniversitySolanHimachal PradeshIndia
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShoolini UniversitySolanHimachal PradeshIndia
| | - Sachin K. Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesLovely Professional UniversityPhagwara, PunjabIndia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of PharmacySuresh Gyan Vihar UniversityJagatpura, JaipurIndia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUttaranchal UniversityDehradunIndia
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesSaveetha UniversityChennaiIndia
| | | | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia
- Discipline of Pharmacy Graduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia
| | - Rupak Nagraik
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and BiotechnologyShoolini UniversitySolanHimachal PradeshIndia
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Safety and Humoral and Cellular Immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Liver-Transplanted Adolescents Compared to Healthy Adolescents. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081324. [PMID: 36016212 PMCID: PMC9413008 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since BNT162b2 was approved to prevent COVID-19 in children, we aim to compare the safety and immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 vaccine in liver-transplanted (LT) and healthy adolescents. LT and healthy adolescents received two doses of 30 µg of BNT162b2. All were evaluated for total COVID-19 antibodies directed against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and interferon-γ using the ELISpot at all time points; anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin was evaluated at week 8 and the surrogate virus-neutralizing antibody (sVN) to Omicron at day 0 and week 8. Adverse effects were recorded during days 0−7. In total, 16 LT and 27 healthy adolescents were enrolled (aged 14.78 ± 1.70 years). After completion, all LT and healthy adolescents were positive for anti-RBD immunoglobulin, with geometric mean titers of 1511.37 (95% CI 720.22−3171.59) and 6311.90 (95% CI 4955.46−8039.64)) U/mL (p < 0.001). All tested negative for anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin, indicating no COVID-19 infection after vaccination. However, the sVNs to Omicron were positive in only nine (33.33%) healthy adolescents and none of the LT adolescents. Interferon-γ-secreting cells were lower in LT adolescents than healthy adolescents. The LT adolescents had a lower immunogenic response to BNT162b2 than the healthy adolescents. Administrating two doses of BNT162b2 was safe, but was less effective against the Omicron variant.
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Rammauro F, Carrión F, Olivero-Deibe N, Fló M, Ferreira A, Pritsch O, Bianchi S. Humoral immune response characterization of heterologous prime-boost vaccination with CoronaVac and BNT162b2. Vaccine 2022; 40:5189-5196. [PMID: 35907676 PMCID: PMC9352561 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has proven to be a successful strategy for prevent severe infections. CoronaVac and BNT162b2 are the most used vaccines worldwide, but their use in heterologous vaccination schedules is still subjected to evaluation. Methods Fifty healthy individuals who received heterologous prime-boost vaccination with CoronaVac and BNT162b2 were enrolled in a post-vaccination serological follow-up longitudinal prospective study. We evaluated specific serum anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG antibody levels, and their capacity to block RBD-ACE2 interaction with a surrogate neutralization assay. In 20 participants, we assessed antibody binding kinetics by surface plasmon resonance, and Fc-mediated functions by ADCC and ADCP reporter assays. Results Our baseline seronegative cohort, displayed seroconversion after two doses of CoronaVac and an important decrease in serum anti-RBD IgG antibodies levels 80 days post-second dose. These levels increased significantly early after the third dose with BNT162b2, but 73 days after the booster we found a new fall. Immunoglobulin functionalities showed a similar behavior. Conclusions The heterologous prime-boost vaccination with CoronaVac and BNT162b2 generated an impressive increase in serum anti-RBD specific antibody levels followed by a drop. Nevertheless, these titers remained well above those found in individuals only vaccinated with CoronaVac in the same elapsed time. Serum IgG levels showed high correlation with antibody binding analysis, their capacity to block RBD-ACE2 interaction, and Fc-effectors mechanisms. Our work sheds light on the humoral immune response to heterologous vaccination with CoronaVac and BNT162b2, to define a post-vaccination correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and to discuss the scheduling of future vaccine boosters in general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Rammauro
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Inmunovirología, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Federico Carrión
- Laboratorio de Inmunovirología, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Martín Fló
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Inmunovirología, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Ferreira
- Unidad de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Otto Pritsch
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Inmunovirología, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sergio Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Biomarcadores Moleculares, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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21
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Zurac S, Vladan C, Dinca O, Constantin C, Neagu M. Immunogenicity evaluation after BNT162b2 booster vaccination in healthcare workers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12716. [PMID: 35882871 PMCID: PMC9321272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Waning of the immune response upon vaccination in SARS-CoV-2 infection is an important subject of evaluation in this pandemic, mostly in healthcare workers (HCW) that are constantly in contact with infected samples and patients. Therefore, our study aimed to establish the specific humoral response of specific IgG and IgA antibodies upon vaccination, during the second year of pandemic and evaluating the booster shot with the same vaccine type. A group of 103 HCW with documented exposure to the virus were monitored for specific IgG and IgA levels prior to vaccination, after the first vaccination round, during the following 8 months and after the booster shot with the same vaccine type. After 8 months post-vaccination the humoral response in both IgG and IgA decreased, 2.4 times for IgG, and 2.7 times for IgA. Although the antibodies levels significantly decreased, no documented infection was registered in the group. After the booster shot, the entire group, displayed IgG increased levels, immediately after booster followed by the increase in specific IgA. IgG levels post-second round of vaccination are statistically higher compared to the first round, while IgA is restored at the same levels. Within the vaccination or booster routine for a multiple waves' pandemic that is generating new virus variants, populational immunity remains an important issue for future implementation of prevention/control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Zurac
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Vladan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- "Prof. Dr. Dan Theodorescu" Clinical Hospital for Oro-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Dinca
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- "Prof. Dr. Dan Theodorescu" Clinical Hospital for Oro-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Immunology, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Monica Neagu
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- "Prof. Dr. Dan Theodorescu" Clinical Hospital for Oro-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Bucharest, Romania
- Doctoral School, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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22
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Suphanchaimat R, Nittayasoot N, Jiraphongsa C, Thammawijaya P, Bumrungwong P, Tulyathan A, Cheewaruangroj N, Pittayawonganon C, Tharmaphornpilas P. Real-World Effectiveness of Mix-and-Match Vaccine Regimens against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in Thailand: A Nationwide Test-Negative Matched Case-Control Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071080. [PMID: 35891245 PMCID: PMC9315782 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to explore the real-world effectiveness of various vaccine regimens to tackle the epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant in Thailand during September–December 2021. We applied a test-negative case control study, using nationwide records of people tested for SARS-CoV-2. Each case was matched with two controls with respect to age, detection date, and specimen collection site. A conditional logistic regression was performed. Results were presented in the form vaccine effectiveness (VE) and 95% confidence interval. A total of 1,460,458 observations were analyzed. Overall, the two-dose heterologous prime-boost, ChAdOx1 + BNT162b2 and CoronaVac + BNT162b2, manifested the largest protection level (79.9% (74.0–84.5%) and 74.7% (62.8–82.8%)) and remained stable over the whole study course. The three-dose schedules (CoronaVac + CoronaVac + ChAdOx1, and CoronaVac + CoronaVac + BNT162b2) expressed very high degree of VE estimate (above 80.0% at any time interval). Concerning severe infection, almost all regimens displayed very high VE estimate. For the two-dose schedules, heterologous prime-boost regimens seemed to have slightly better protection for severe infection relative to homologous regimens. Campaigns to expedite the rollout of third-dose booster shot should be carried out. Heterologous prime-boost regimens should be considered as an option to enhance protection for the entire population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapeepong Suphanchaimat
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (N.N.); (C.J.); (P.T.); (C.P.); (P.T.)
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| | - Natthaprang Nittayasoot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (N.N.); (C.J.); (P.T.); (C.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Chuleeporn Jiraphongsa
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (N.N.); (C.J.); (P.T.); (C.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Panithee Thammawijaya
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (N.N.); (C.J.); (P.T.); (C.P.); (P.T.)
| | | | - Atthavit Tulyathan
- Government Big Data Institute, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.B.); (A.T.); (N.C.)
| | | | - Chakkarat Pittayawonganon
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (N.N.); (C.J.); (P.T.); (C.P.); (P.T.)
| | - Piyanit Tharmaphornpilas
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (N.N.); (C.J.); (P.T.); (C.P.); (P.T.)
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23
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Immunogenicity Following Two Doses of the BBIBP-CorV Vaccine and a Third Booster Dose with a Viral Vector and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines against Delta and Omicron Variants in Prime Immunized Adults with Two Doses of the BBIBP-CorV Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071071. [PMID: 35891235 PMCID: PMC9317843 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) booster vaccination is being comprehensively evaluated globally due to waning immunity and the emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate antibody responses in individuals vaccinated with two doses of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine and to explore the boosting effect of the different vaccine platforms in BBIBP-CorV-primed healthy adults, including a viral vector vaccine (AZD122) and mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273). The results showed that in the BBIBP-CorV prime group, the total receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin (Ig) and anti-RBD IgG levels waned significantly at three months after receiving the second dose. However, after the booster, RBD-specific binding antibody levels increased. Neutralizing antibody measured by a surrogate neutralization test showed inhibition over 90% against the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant but less than 70% against the omicron variant after the third dose on day 28. All booster vaccines could induce the total IFN-ɣ T-cell response. The reactogenicity was acceptable and well-tolerated without serious adverse events. This study supports the administration of the third dose with either a viral vector or mRNA vaccine for BBIBP-CorV-primed individuals to stimulate antibody and T-cell responses.
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24
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Xu K, Fan C, Han Y, Dai L, Gao GF. Immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines: an update of data published by 31 December 2021. Int Immunol 2022; 34:595-607. [PMID: 35778913 PMCID: PMC9278184 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a disaster for public health in the last 2 years, without any sign of an ending. Various vaccines were developed rapidly as soon as the outbreak occurred. Clinical trials demonstrated the reactogenicity, immunogenicity and protection efficacy in humans, and some of the vaccines have been approved for clinical use. However, waves of infections such as the recently circulating Omicron variant still occur. Newly emerging variants, especially the variants of concern, and waning humoral responses pose serious challenges to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Previously, we summarized the humoral and cellular immunity, safety profiles and protection efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines with clinical data published by 21 May 2021. In this review, we summarize and update the published clinical data of COVID-19 vaccines and candidates up to 31 December 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xu
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Chunxiang Fan
- National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Han
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianpan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Qi H, Liu B, Wang X, Zhang L. The humoral response and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1008-1020. [PMID: 35761083 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two and a half years into the COVID-19 pandemic, we have gained many insights into the human antibody response to the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this Review, we summarize key observations of humoral immune responses in people with COVID-19, discuss key features of infection- and vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies, and consider vaccine designs for inducing antibodies that are broadly protective against different variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Qi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,NexVac Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Linqi Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,NexVac Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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26
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Möhlendick B, Čiučiulkaitė I, Elsner C, Anastasiou OE, Trilling M, Wagner B, Zwanziger D, Jöckel KH, Dittmer U, Siffert W. Individuals With Weaker Antibody Responses After Booster Immunization Are Prone to Omicron Breakthrough Infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907343. [PMID: 35812411 PMCID: PMC9260040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDespite the high level of protection against severe COVID-19 provided by the currently available vaccines some breakthrough infections occur. Until now, there is no information whether a potential risk of a breakthrough infection can be inferred from the level of antibodies after booster vaccination.MethodsLevels of binding antibodies and neutralization capacity after the first, one and six month after the second, and one month after the third (booster) vaccination against COVID-19 were measured in serum samples from 1391 healthcare workers at the University Hospital Essen. Demographics, vaccination scheme, pre-infection antibody titers and neutralization capacity were compared between individuals with and without breakthrough infections.ResultsThe risk of developing an Omicron breakthrough infection was independent of vaccination scheme, sex, body mass index, smoking status or pre-existing conditions. In participants with low pre-infection anti-spike antibodies (≤ 2641.0 BAU/ml) and weaker neutralization capacity (≤ 65.9%) against Omicron one month after the booster vaccination the risk for developing an Omicron infection was 10-fold increased (P = 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 2.36 - 47.55).ConclusionRoutine testing of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and surrogate virus neutralization can quantify vaccine-induced humoral immune response and may help to identify subjects who are at risk for a breakthrough infection. The establishment of thresholds for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels identifying “non”-, “low” and “high”-responders may be used as an indication for re-vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Möhlendick
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Birte Möhlendick,
| | - Ieva Čiučiulkaitė
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carina Elsner
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Olympia E. Anastasiou
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wagner
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Denise Zwanziger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Winfried Siffert
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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27
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da Silva AR, Villas-Boas LS, de Paula AV, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Honorato L, Witkin SS, Mendes-Correa MC. Neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant following two CoronaVac vaccinations and a Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA vaccine booster. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2022; 64:e43. [PMID: 35730869 PMCID: PMC9208660 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202264043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Almir Ribeiro da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia (LIM-52), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucy Santos Villas-Boas
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia (LIM-52), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Vicente de Paula
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia (LIM-52), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Regina Tozetto-Mendoza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia (LIM-52), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Layla Honorato
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia (LIM-52), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven S. Witkin
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia (LIM-52), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Weill Cornel Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Cassia Mendes-Correa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia (LIM-52), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Jitanan M, Chirasatienpon T, Tiamjan R, Amnatsatsue K, Nguanjairak R, Miranda AV, Lin X, Gyeltshen D, Vicerra PMM, Kouwenhoven MBN. Can Thailand achieve COVID-19 herd immunity? PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGES 2022; 1:e7. [PMID: 37520894 PMCID: PMC9347444 DOI: 10.1002/puh2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has had a great impact on the social, economic, and health systems of Thailand. A variety of measures to curb the spread of the disease were implemented since the beginning of the pandemic, including a strict national lockdown protocol. The Thai government aimed to achieve herd immunity through an efficient vaccination programme. Initially, vaccine supply shortage and a lack of vaccine options plagued the health system, but this has since been improved. Continuous monitoring of the situation through research is being carried out to assess the level of immunity among the population whereby the current general recommendation is presently a fourth booster dose for adults. Hurdles towards achieving herd immunity remain. One such issue is the low level of vaccine literacy among those that are unvaccinated or inadequately vaccinated. Another obstacle is the sizeable rate of hesitancy towards getting booster doses. Achieving herd immunity in the Thai population would require multilateral cooperation, improved health promotion to target population groups, such as older adults, and a developed distribution system for those with limited access, such as those in the rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manatee Jitanan
- Department of Physical EducationFaculty of EducationKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| | | | - Rapeeporn Tiamjan
- Department of Public HealthFaculty of Science and TechnologyChiang Mai Rajabhat UniversityThailand
| | | | - Rachanon Nguanjairak
- Department of Community Public HealthFaculty of Public HealthNakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat UniversityNakhon RatchasimaThailand
| | | | - Xu Lin
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Dawa Gyeltshen
- Department of Internal MedicineJigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral HospitalThimphuBhutan
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29
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Wang K, Wang L, Li M, Xie B, He L, Wang M, Zhang R, Hou N, Zhang Y, Jia F. Real-Word Effectiveness of Global COVID-19 Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:820544. [PMID: 35665358 PMCID: PMC9160927 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.820544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, promoted vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 are being given out globally. However, the occurrence of numerous COVID-19 variants has hindered the goal of rapid mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic by effective mass vaccinations. The real-word effectiveness of the current vaccines against COVID-19 variants has not been assessed by published reviews. Therefore, our study evaluated the overall effectiveness of current vaccines and the differences between the various vaccines and variants. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, medRxiv, bioRxiv, and arXiv were searched to screen the eligible studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the Egger test were applied to estimate the quality of the literature and any publication bias, respectively. The pooled incident rates of different variants after vaccination were estimated by single-arm analysis. Meanwhile, the pooled efficacies of various vaccines against variants were evaluated by two-arm analysis using odds ratios (ORs) and vaccine effectiveness (VE). Results A total of 6,118 studies were identified initially and 44 articles were included. We found that the overall incidence of variants post first/second vaccine were 0.07 and 0.03, respectively. The VE of the incidence of variants post first vaccine between the vaccine and the placebo or unvaccinated population was 40% and post second vaccine was 96%, respectively. The sub-single-arm analysis showed a low prevalence rate of COVID-19 variants after specific vaccination with the pooled incidence below 0.10 in most subgroups. Meanwhile, the sub-two-arm analysis indicated that most current vaccines had a good or moderate preventive effect on certain variants considering that the VE in these subgroups was between 66 and 95%, which was broadly in line with the results of the sub-single-arm analysis. Conclusion Our meta-analysis shows that the current vaccines that are used globally could prevent COVID-19 infection and restrict the spread of variants to a great extent. We would also support maximizing vaccine uptake with two doses, as the effectiveness of which was more marked compared with one dose. Although the mRNA vaccine was the most effective against variants according to our study, specific vaccines should be taken into account based on the local dominant prevalence of variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- Independent Researcher, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Lu He
- Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Meiyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Zhangdian District, Zibo, China
| | - Rumin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Nianzong Hou
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
| | - Fusen Jia
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Zibo, China
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30
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Kitro A, Sirikul W, Thongkum W, Soponpong S, Yasamut U, Kiratipaisarl W, Kosai A, Kasinrerk W, Tayapiwatana C, Srithanaviboonchai K. Dynamic of anti-spike receptor binding domain (RBD) levels and short-term adverse events following a heterologous booster dose of BNT162b2 after two doses of CoronaVac in Thai health care workers. Vaccine 2022; 40:2915-2924. [PMID: 35430106 PMCID: PMC9007420 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CoronaVac was administered as the primary COVID-19 vaccine for Thai health care workers (HCWs) in early 2021 in response to the epidemic of new variants. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamic of humoral immune response as well as the short-term side effects resulting from the booster dose of BNT162b2 following completion of a CoronaVac double-dose in Thai HCWs. METHODS This study was conducted at a teaching hospital in Northern Thailand during August and September 2021. The participants were 50 HCWs who were vaccinated with 2 doses of CoronaVac and were scheduled to receive a booster dose of BNT162b2. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies levels and short-term side effects were assessed. The anti-RBD level was determined using Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (Abbott). RESULT Of the 50 participants, 37 were female. The median age was 33.0 years old. The average time between the second CoronaVac shot and the BNT162b2 booster shot was 81.7 days (SD = 25.0). The median anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody level on booster vaccination date, as well as day 14, and day 28 after the booster were 335.5 AU/ml, 31,613.5 AU/ml, and 20,311.9 AU/ml, respectively. Fourteen days after the booster, 94% of participants had anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels higher than 50.0 AU/ml. Being female, higher log anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies prior to booster vaccination, and longer interval between the second shot and the booster shot were found to be significantly associated with higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies at both day 14 and day 28 after the booster. There were no reports of serious adverse events. CONCLUSION A booster dose of BNT162B2 promoted a high level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among HCWs who received 2 doses of CoronaVac. The time between the second CoronaVac shot and the booster shot should be at least three months. There were no severe adverse effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amonrphat Kitro
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Wachiranun Sirikul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Weeraya Thongkum
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Suthinee Soponpong
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Umpa Yasamut
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | | | | | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Tayapiwatana
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
| | - Kriengkrai Srithanaviboonchai
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
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Okyar Baş A, Hafizoğlu M, Akbiyik F, Güner Oytun M, Şahiner Z, Ceylan S, Ünsal P, Doğu BB, Cankurtaran M, Çakir B, Ünal S, Halil MG. Antibody response with SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) in Turkish geriatric population. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6564409. [PMID: 35524745 PMCID: PMC9129137 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sars-CoV-2 infection influences older individuals at the forefront, and there is still limited data on the COVID-19 vaccine response in the geriatric population. This study aimed to assess antibody response after vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine and examine possible factors affecting this response in a geriatric population. Methods individuals who have been on at least the 28th day after the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine were included. Comprehensive geriatric assessment tools and the Clinical Frailty Scale were performed. SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG antibodies were detected and, levels ≥1 U/ml were defined as seropositive, <1 U/ml were defined as seronegative. Results a total of 497 patients were included and divided into three groups according to the days past after the second dose of the vaccine (Group 1: 28–59 days, Group 2: 60–89 days and Group 3: 90 days and more). Groups included 188, 148 and 171 patients, respectively. Seropositivity rate in each group was 80.9,73.2 and 57.3%, respectively. In Groups 1 and 2, Charlson Comorbidity Index score was higher in the seronegative group (P = 0.023 and P = 0.011, respectively). In Group 3, the prevalence of frailty was significantly higher in the seronegative group (P = 0.002). Conclusion to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the antibody response after vaccination with Sars-CoV 2 inactivated vaccine in the Turkish geriatric population. Moreover, this is the first study revealing the relationship between antibody response and frailty. Larger studies are needed to confirm the antibody response duration and the association between frailty and COVID-19 vaccine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Okyar Baş
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Hafizoğlu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Akbiyik
- Ankara City Hospital Laboratory, Siemens Healthineers, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Güner Oytun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Şahiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdar Ceylan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Ünsal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Balam Doğu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cankurtaran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Banu Çakir
- Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Serhat Ünal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meltem Gülhan Halil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
COVID-19 has been reported to have caused more than 286 million cases and 5.4 million deaths till date. COVID variants have appeared at regular intervals-alpha, beta, gamma, delta and now omicron. 'Omicron' is driving the current surge of cases in most countries including India and is poised to replace 'delta' the world over. This variant with more than 50 mutations is phylogenetically very different from other variants. The omicron variant spreads rapidly with an average doubling time of two days. The disease so far has been mild as compared with delta. Though previous infection and vaccination offer little or no protection against infection with omicron, they do seem to partially protect against hospitalization and severe disease. Booster vaccinations have not made any notable impact on the spread of omicron and have further worsened global vaccine equity. The indirect consequences of omicron from lockdowns, restrictions, travel bans, economic losses, health care worker infections and overwhelming of health care facilities are likely to be enormous. The direct effects of omicron on children are expected to be mild like with the previous variants. However, the indirect effects on child mental, physical, and social health may be considerable owing to school closures, missed vaccinations, neglect of other diseases, etc. It is, therefore, imperative that governments take rational decisions to navigate the world through this latest crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Singhal
- Department of Pediatrics and Infectious Disease, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400053, India.
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Jantarabenjakul W, Sodsai P, Chantasrisawad N, Jitsatja A, Ninwattana S, Thippamom N, Ruenjaiman V, Tan CW, Pradit R, Sophonphan J, Wacharapluesadee S, Wang LF, Puthanakit T, Hirankarn N, Putcharoen O. Dynamics of Neutralizing Antibody and T-Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Variants of Concern after Primary Immunization with CoronaVac and Booster with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 in Health Care Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:639. [PMID: 35632395 PMCID: PMC9147589 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) is commonly used in national immunization programs. However, the immune response significantly declines within a few months. Our study assessed the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 after receiving booster shots of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 among health care workers who previously received CoronaVac as their primary immunization. Fifty-six participants who received ChAdOx1 and forty-two participants who received BNT162b2 were enrolled into this study, which evaluated immune responses, including anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike total antibodies (Elecsys®), surrogated viral neutralization test (sVNT) to ancestral strain (cPass™; GenScript), five variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron) (Luminex; multiplex sVNT) and the ELISpot with spike (S1 and S2) peptide pool against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain. The samples were analyzed at baseline, 4, and 12 weeks after primary immunization, as well as 4 and 12 weeks after receiving the booster. This study showed a significant increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike total antibodies, sVNT, and T-cell immune response after the booster, including against the Omicron variant. Immune responses rapidly decreased in the booster group at 12 weeks after booster but were still higher than post-primary vaccination. A fourth dose or a second booster should be recommended, particularly in health care workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watsamon Jantarabenjakul
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.J.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (S.N.); (N.T.); (R.P.); (S.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pimpayao Sodsai
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.S.); (V.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Napaporn Chantasrisawad
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.J.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (S.N.); (N.T.); (R.P.); (S.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anusara Jitsatja
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.J.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (S.N.); (N.T.); (R.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Sasiprapa Ninwattana
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.J.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (S.N.); (N.T.); (R.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Nattakarn Thippamom
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.J.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (S.N.); (N.T.); (R.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Vichaya Ruenjaiman
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.S.); (V.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (C.W.T.); (L.-F.W.)
| | - Rakchanok Pradit
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.J.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (S.N.); (N.T.); (R.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Jiratchaya Sophonphan
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Supaporn Wacharapluesadee
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.J.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (S.N.); (N.T.); (R.P.); (S.W.)
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (C.W.T.); (L.-F.W.)
| | - Thanyawee Puthanakit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.S.); (V.R.); (N.H.)
| | - Opass Putcharoen
- Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (W.J.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (S.N.); (N.T.); (R.P.); (S.W.)
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Young M, Crook H, Scott J, Edison P. Covid-19: virology, variants, and vaccines. BMJ MEDICINE 2022; 1:e000040. [PMID: 36936563 PMCID: PMC9951271 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2021-000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As of 25 January 2022, over 349 million individuals have received a confirmed diagnosis of covid-19, with over 5.59 million confirmed deaths associated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The covid-19 pandemic has prompted an extensive global effort to study the molecular evolution of the virus and develop vaccines to prevent its spread. Although rigorous determination of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity remains elusive, owing to the continuous evolution of the virus, steps have been made to understand its genome, structure, and emerging genetic mutations. The SARS-CoV-2 genome is composed of several open reading frames and structural proteins, including the spike protein, which is essential for entry into host cells. As of 25 January 2022, the World Health Organization has reported five variants of concern, two variants of interest, and three variants under monitoring. Additional sublineages have since been identified, and are being monitored. The mutations harboured in these variants confer an increased transmissibility, severity of disease, and escape from neutralising antibodies compared with the primary strain. The current vaccine strategy, including booster doses, provides protection from severe disease. As of 24 January 2022, 33 vaccines have been approved for use in 197 countries. In this review, we discuss the genetics, structure, and transmission methods of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, highlighting how mutations provide enhanced abilities to spread and inflict disease. This review also outlines the vaccines currently in use around the world, providing evidence for every vaccine's immunogenicity and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Young
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Harry Crook
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Janet Scott
- Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Edison
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, UK
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Antibody and T Cell Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Elicited by the Third Dose of BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) Vaccines Using a Homologous or Heterologous Booster Vaccination Strategy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040539. [PMID: 35455288 PMCID: PMC9025723 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, antibody and T cell-mediated immune responses elicited by BBIBP-CorV and BNT162b2 vaccines were compared 6 months after the two-dose immunization of healthy individuals. Additionally, antibody and T cell responses after the third dose of BBIBP-CorV or BNT162b2 were compared using a homologous or heterologous vaccination strategy. The third dose was consistently administered 6 months after the second dose. Six months following the two-dose vaccination, the cumulative IFNγ-positive T cell response was almost identical in participants immunized with either two doses of BNT162b2 or BBIBP-CorV vaccines; however, significant differences were revealed regarding humoral immunity: the two-dose BNT162b2 vaccine maintained a significantly higher antireceptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG, anti-spike (S1/S2) IgG, and IgA antibody levels. The BNT162b2 + BNT162b2 + BBIBP-CorV vaccine series elicited significantly lower anti-RBD IgG and anti-S1/S2 IgG levels than three doses of BNT162b2, while the anti-S IgA level was equally negligible in both groups. Importantly, the cumulative IFNγ-positive T cell response was highly similar in both groups. Surprisingly, the BBIBP-CorV + BBIBP-CorV + BNT162b2 vaccination series provided a much higher cumulative IFNγ-positive T cell response than that elicited by three doses of BNT162b2; moreover, the levels of anti-RBD IgG and anti-S IgA were almost identical. Only the mean anti-S1/S2 IgG levels were higher after receiving three mRNA vaccines. Based on these data, we can conclude that administering a third dose of BNT162b2 after two doses of BBIBP-CorV is an effective strategy to significantly enhance both humoral and T cell-mediated immune response, and its effectiveness is comparable to that of three BNT162b2 vaccines.
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Nanthapisal S, Puthanakit T, Jaru-Ampornpan P, Nantanee R, Sodsai P, Himananto O, Sophonphan J, Suchartlikitwong P, Hiransuthikul N, Angkasekwinai P, Tangsathapornpong A, Hirankarn N. A randomized clinical trial of a booster dose with low versus standard dose of AZD1222 in adult after 2 doses of inactivated vaccines. Vaccine 2022; 40:2551-2560. [PMID: 35341647 PMCID: PMC8947780 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Immunogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has waning antibody over time. With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant, which requires higher neutralizing antibody to prevent infection, a booster dose is needed. Objective To evaluate immunogenicity and reactogenicity of standard- versus low-dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine booster after CoronaVac in healthy adults. Methods A double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial of adult, aged 18–59 years, with completion of 2-dose CoronaVac at 21–28 days apart for more than 2 months was conducted. Participants were randomized to receive AZD1222 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) intramuscularly; standard dose (SD, 5x1010 viral particles) or low dose (LD, 2.5x1010 viral particles). Surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) against wild type and delta variant, and anti-spike-receptor-binding-domain IgG (anti-S-RBD IgG) were compared as geometric mean ratio (GMR) at day 14 and 90 between LD and SD arms. Results From July-August 2021, 422 adults with median age of 44 (IQR 36–51) years were enrolled. The median interval from CoronaVac to AZD1222 booster was 77 (IQR 64–95) days. At baseline, geometric means (GMs) of sVNT against delta variant and anti-S-RBD IgG were 18.1%inhibition (95% CI 16.4–20.0) and 111.5 (105.1–118.3) BAU/ml. GMs of sVNT against delta variant and anti-S-RBD IgG in SD were 95.6%inhibition (95% CI 94.3–97.0) and 1975.1 (1841.7–2118.2) BAU/ml at day 14, and 89.4%inhibition (86.4–92.4) and 938.6 (859.9–1024.4) BAU/ml at day 90, respectively. GMRs of sVNT against delta variant and anti-S-RBD IgG in LD compared to SD were 1.00 (95% CI 0.98–1.02) and 0.84 (0.76–0.93) at day 14, and 0.98 (0.94–1.03) and 0.89 (0.79–1.00) at day 90, respectively. LD recipients had significantly lower rate of fever (6.8% vs 25.0%) and myalgia (51.9% vs 70.7%) compared to SD. Conclusion Half-dose AZD1222 booster after 2-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination had non-inferior immunogenicity, yet lower systemic reactogenicity. Fractional low-dose AZD1222 booster should be considered especially in resource-constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sira Nanthapisal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; Research Unit in Infectious and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Thanyawee Puthanakit
- Center of Excellence in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Peera Jaru-Ampornpan
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC)
| | - Rapisa Nantanee
- Center of Excellence in Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pimpayao Sodsai
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orawan Himananto
- Monoclonal Antibody Production and Application Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC)
| | - Jiratchaya Sophonphan
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pintip Suchartlikitwong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narin Hiransuthikul
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpimon Angkasekwinai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Research Unit in Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Research Unit in Infectious and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Auchara Tangsathapornpong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; Research Unit in Infectious and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Hueda-Zavaleta M, Gómez de la Torre JC, Cáceres-Del Aguila JA, Muro-Rojo C, De La Cruz-Escurra N, Arenas Siles D, Minchón-Vizconde D, Copaja-Corzo C, Bardales-Silva F, Benites-Zapata VA, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Evaluation of the Humoral Immune Response of a Heterologous Vaccination between BBIBP-CorV and BNT162b2 with a Temporal Separation of 7 Months, in Peruvian Healthcare Workers with and without a History of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040502. [PMID: 35455251 PMCID: PMC9031938 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on the effects of a heterologous booster in adult patients first vaccinated with the BBIBP-CorV vaccine is limited. This prospective cohort study evaluated the humoral response of 152 healthcare workers (HCWs) from a private laboratory in Lima (Peru) before and after receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine, with a seven-month interval since the BBIBP-CorV doses. We employed the Elecsys® anti-SARS-CoV-2 S and the cPass™ SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody (NAbs) assays to evaluate anti-S-RBD IgG and NAbs, respectively. Of the 152 HCWs, 79 (51.98%) were previously infected (PI) with SARS-CoV-2 and 73 (48.02%) were not previously infected (NPI). The proportion of HCWs with positive NAbs, seven months after the BBIBP-CorV immunization, was 49.31% in NPI and 92.40% in PI. After the booster, this ratio increased to 100% in both groups. The anti-S-RBD IgG and NAbs in the HCWs’ NPI increased by 32.7 and 3.95 times more, respectively. In HCWs’ PI, this increment was 5 and 1.42 times more, respectively. There was no statistical association between the history of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and the titer of anti-S-RBD IgG and NAbs after the booster. The humoral immunity presented a robust increase after receiving the BNT162b2 booster and was more pronounced in NPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Hueda-Zavaleta
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Privada de Tacna, Tacna 23003, Peru; (D.M.-V.); (C.C.-C.)
- Hospital III Daniel Alcides Carrión-Essalud Tacna, Tacna 23000, Peru;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +51-996940584
| | | | | | - Cecilia Muro-Rojo
- Laboratorio Clínico Roe, Lima 15076, Peru; (J.C.G.d.l.T.); (J.A.C.-D.A.); (C.M.-R.); (N.D.L.C.-E.)
| | | | | | - Diana Minchón-Vizconde
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Privada de Tacna, Tacna 23003, Peru; (D.M.-V.); (C.C.-C.)
- Hospital Hipólito Unanue—Tacna, Tacna 23003, Peru
| | - Cesar Copaja-Corzo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Privada de Tacna, Tacna 23003, Peru; (D.M.-V.); (C.C.-C.)
| | | | - Vicente A. Benites-Zapata
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru;
| | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
- Master Program on Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15046, Peru;
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira 660003, Risaralda, Colombia
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Suntronwong N, Yorsaeng R, Puenpa J, Auphimai C, Thongmee T, Vichaiwattana P, Kanokudom S, Duangchinda T, Chantima W, Pakchotanon P, Assawakosri S, Nilyanimit P, Klinfueng S, Wongsrisang L, Srimuan D, Thatsanatorn T, Sudhinaraset N, Wanlapakorn N, Poovorawan Y. COVID-19 Breakthrough Infection after Inactivated Vaccine Induced Robust Antibody Responses and Cross-Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants, but Less Immunity against Omicron. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:391. [PMID: 35335023 PMCID: PMC8949546 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and the waning of immunity in vaccinated individuals is resulting in increased numbers of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections. This study investigated binding antibody responses and neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants, in patients with COVID-19 who had been fully vaccinated with CoronaVac (n = 77), individuals who had been fully vaccinated with CoronaVac but had not contracted COVID-19 (n = 170), and individuals who had received AZD1222 as a third vaccination (n = 210). Breakthrough infection was generally detected approximately 88 days after the second CoronaVac vaccination (interquartile range 68-100 days). Blood samples were collected at a median of 34 days after infection. Binding antibody levels in sera from patients with breakthrough infection were significantly higher than those in individuals who had received AZD1222 as a third vaccination. However, neutralizing activities against wild-type and variants, including alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), and delta (B.1.617.2), were comparable in patients with breakthrough infections and individuals who received a third vaccination with AZD1222, which exceeds 90%. Omicron (B.1.1.529) was neutralized less effectively by serum from breakthrough infection patients, with a 6.3-fold reduction compared to delta variants. The study suggests that breakthrough infection after two doses of an inactivated vaccine can induce neutralizing antibodies against omicron. Further investigation is needed to assess the long-term persistence of antibodies against the omicron variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nungruthai Suntronwong
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (R.Y.); (J.P.); (C.A.); (T.T.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (S.A.); (P.N.); (S.K.); (L.W.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Ritthideach Yorsaeng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (R.Y.); (J.P.); (C.A.); (T.T.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (S.A.); (P.N.); (S.K.); (L.W.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Jiratchaya Puenpa
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (R.Y.); (J.P.); (C.A.); (T.T.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (S.A.); (P.N.); (S.K.); (L.W.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Chompoonut Auphimai
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (R.Y.); (J.P.); (C.A.); (T.T.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (S.A.); (P.N.); (S.K.); (L.W.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Thanunrat Thongmee
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (R.Y.); (J.P.); (C.A.); (T.T.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (S.A.); (P.N.); (S.K.); (L.W.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (R.Y.); (J.P.); (C.A.); (T.T.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (S.A.); (P.N.); (S.K.); (L.W.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Sitthichai Kanokudom
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (R.Y.); (J.P.); (C.A.); (T.T.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (S.A.); (P.N.); (S.K.); (L.W.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Thaneeya Duangchinda
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Development Agency, NSTDA, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (T.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Warangkana Chantima
- Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pattarakul Pakchotanon
- Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Development Agency, NSTDA, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (T.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Suvichada Assawakosri
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (R.Y.); (J.P.); (C.A.); (T.T.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (S.A.); (P.N.); (S.K.); (L.W.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Pornjarim Nilyanimit
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (R.Y.); (J.P.); (C.A.); (T.T.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (S.A.); (P.N.); (S.K.); (L.W.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Sirapa Klinfueng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (R.Y.); (J.P.); (C.A.); (T.T.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (S.A.); (P.N.); (S.K.); (L.W.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Lakkhana Wongsrisang
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (R.Y.); (J.P.); (C.A.); (T.T.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (S.A.); (P.N.); (S.K.); (L.W.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Donchida Srimuan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (R.Y.); (J.P.); (C.A.); (T.T.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (S.A.); (P.N.); (S.K.); (L.W.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Thaksaporn Thatsanatorn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (R.Y.); (J.P.); (C.A.); (T.T.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (S.A.); (P.N.); (S.K.); (L.W.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Natthinee Sudhinaraset
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (R.Y.); (J.P.); (C.A.); (T.T.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (S.A.); (P.N.); (S.K.); (L.W.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Nasamon Wanlapakorn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (R.Y.); (J.P.); (C.A.); (T.T.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (S.A.); (P.N.); (S.K.); (L.W.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.S.); (R.Y.); (J.P.); (C.A.); (T.T.); (P.V.); (S.K.); (S.A.); (P.N.); (S.K.); (L.W.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
- Royal Society of Thailand (FRS(T)), Sanam Sueapa, Dusit, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Prasithsirikul W, Pongpirul K, Nopsopon T, Phutrakool P, Pongpirul W, Samuthpongtorn C, Suwanwattana P, Jongkaewwattana A. Immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Booster Vaccination Following Two CoronaVac Shots in Healthcare Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:217. [PMID: 35214675 PMCID: PMC8878194 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, several countries, including Thailand, provided two shots of CoronaVac to healthcare workers. Whereas ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 is the promising vaccine as the booster dose, the data on immunogenicity when administered after CoronaVac have been limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 as the third dose vaccine in healthcare workers who previously received two shots of CoronaVac. The blood samples were obtained before the third vaccination dose, and one month and three months after vaccination. All participants were measured for humoral immunity including anti-spike IgG and neutralizing antibody by ELISA. Twenty participants were stratified by random samples based on baseline IgG status for a cellular immunity function test at three-month post-vaccination, which included T cell and B cell functions by ELISpot. This study showed significant improvement for both humoral and cellular immunity one month after vaccination. Subgroup analysis indicated a significantly higher neutralizing antibody improvement for the population with a negative anti-spike IgG at baseline. Our study suggests that, while immunity level declines at three months post-vaccination, the level was sufficiently high to protect against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisit Prasithsirikul
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (W.P.); (W.P.); (C.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Krit Pongpirul
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Clinical Research Center, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Tanawin Nopsopon
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Phanupong Phutrakool
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Wannarat Pongpirul
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (W.P.); (W.P.); (C.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Chatpol Samuthpongtorn
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (W.P.); (W.P.); (C.S.); (P.S.)
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pawita Suwanwattana
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (W.P.); (W.P.); (C.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Anan Jongkaewwattana
- National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
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Lin N, Fu H, Pu D, Quan Y, Li Y, Yin X, Wei Y, Wang H, Ma X, Wei X. Criteria for judging the immune markers of COVID-19 disease vaccines. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:1-12. [PMID: 35005708 PMCID: PMC8719528 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) sweeping the world, effective and affordable vaccines are in urgent need. A reliable system for the assessment of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines would boost the development of vaccines and reduce the research cost. We constructed a logistic regression model and analyzed the relationship between antibody (Ab) level and efficacy of different vaccine types. The relationship between assessment dates and Ab levels was depicted by plotting the mean of Ab levels evolved over time and a fitted cubic polynomial model. Anti‐spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) could best estimate the vaccine efficacy (VE) (adjusted R2 = 0.731) and neutralizing Ab to live SARS‐CoV‐2 also explained a fine relationship (adjusted R2 = 0.577). Neutralizing Abs to live SARS‐CoV‐2 in inactivated virus vaccines reached a peak during days 40–60, and their receptor‐binding domain (RBD)‐IgG peaked during days 40–50. For messenger RNA (mRNA) and viral vector vaccines, their neutralizing Ab to live SARS‐CoV‐2 peaked later than day 40, and for RBD‐IgG during days 30–50. For mRNA and viral vector vaccines, their peak time of Abs was later than that in inactivated virus vaccines. RBD‐IgG peaked earlier than Ab to live SARS‐CoV‐2. Anti‐spike IgG and Ab to live SARS‐CoV‐2 may be good immune markers for VE assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lin
- West China School of Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Haoxuan Fu
- Department of Statistics University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Dan Pu
- Department of Radiation Oncology Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yuxin Quan
- West China School of Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yueyi Li
- Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xiaomeng Yin
- Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yuhao Wei
- West China School of Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hang Wang
- West China School of Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
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Kanokudom S, Assawakosri S, Suntronwong N, Auphimai C, Nilyanimit P, Vichaiwattana P, Thongmee T, Yorsaeng R, Srimuan D, Thatsanatorn T, Klinfueng S, Sudhinaraset N, Wanlapakorn N, Honsawek S, Poovorawan Y. Safety and Immunogenicity of the Third Booster Dose with Inactivated, Viral Vector, and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Fully Immunized Healthy Adults with Inactivated Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:86. [PMID: 35062747 PMCID: PMC8779615 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a severe healthcare problem worldwide since the first outbreak in late December 2019. Currently, the COVID-19 vaccine has been used in many countries, but it is still unable to control the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, despite patients receiving full vaccination doses. Therefore, we aimed to appraise the booster effect of the different platforms of vaccines, including inactivated vaccine (BBIBP), viral vector vaccine (AZD122), and mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2), in healthy adults who received the full dose of inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac). The booster dose was safe with no serious adverse events. Moreover, the immunogenicity indicated that the booster dose with viral vector and mRNA vaccine achieved a significant proportion of Ig anti-receptor binding domain (RBD), IgG anti-RBD, and IgA anti-S1 booster response. In contrast, inactivated vaccine achieved a lower booster response than others. Consequently, the neutralization activity of vaccinated serum had a high inhibition of over 90% against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and their variants (B.1.1.7-alpha, B.1.351-beta, and B.1.617.2-delta). In addition, IgG anti-nucleocapsid was observed only among the group that received the BBIBP booster. Our study found a significant increase in levels of IFN-ɣ secreting T-cell response after the additional viral vector or mRNA booster vaccination. This study showed that administration with either viral vector (AZD1222) or mRNA (BNT162b2) boosters in individuals with a history of two doses of inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) obtained great immunogenicity with acceptable adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitthichai Kanokudom
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (C.A.); (P.N.); (P.V.); (T.T.); (R.Y.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
- Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suvichada Assawakosri
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (C.A.); (P.N.); (P.V.); (T.T.); (R.Y.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
- Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nungruthai Suntronwong
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (C.A.); (P.N.); (P.V.); (T.T.); (R.Y.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Chompoonut Auphimai
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (C.A.); (P.N.); (P.V.); (T.T.); (R.Y.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Pornjarim Nilyanimit
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (C.A.); (P.N.); (P.V.); (T.T.); (R.Y.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (C.A.); (P.N.); (P.V.); (T.T.); (R.Y.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Thanunrat Thongmee
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (C.A.); (P.N.); (P.V.); (T.T.); (R.Y.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Ritthideach Yorsaeng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (C.A.); (P.N.); (P.V.); (T.T.); (R.Y.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Donchida Srimuan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (C.A.); (P.N.); (P.V.); (T.T.); (R.Y.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Thaksaporn Thatsanatorn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (C.A.); (P.N.); (P.V.); (T.T.); (R.Y.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Sirapa Klinfueng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (C.A.); (P.N.); (P.V.); (T.T.); (R.Y.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Natthinee Sudhinaraset
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (C.A.); (P.N.); (P.V.); (T.T.); (R.Y.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Nasamon Wanlapakorn
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (C.A.); (P.N.); (P.V.); (T.T.); (R.Y.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
| | - Sittisak Honsawek
- Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.K.); (S.A.); (N.S.); (C.A.); (P.N.); (P.V.); (T.T.); (R.Y.); (D.S.); (T.T.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (N.W.)
- The Royal Society of Thailand (FRS(T)), Sanam Sueapa, Dusit, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Liu Y, Han J, Li X, Chen D, Zhao X, Qiu Y, Zhang L, Xiao J, Li B, Zhao H. COVID-19 Vaccination in People Living with HIV (PLWH) in China: A Cross Sectional Study of Vaccine Hesitancy, Safety, and Immunogenicity. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1458. [PMID: 34960204 PMCID: PMC8706383 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The administration of COVID-19 vaccines is the primary strategy used to prevent further infections by COVID-19, especially in people living with HIV (PLWH), who are at increased risk for severe symptoms and mortality. However, the vaccine hesitancy, safety, and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines among PLWH have not been fully characterized. We estimated vaccine hesitancy and status of COVID-19 vaccination in Chinese PLWH, explored the safety and impact on antiviral therapy (ART) efficacy and compared the immunogenicity of an inactivated vaccine between PLWH and healthy controls (HC). In total, 27.5% (104/378) of PLWH hesitated to take the vaccine. The barriers included concerns about safety and efficacy, and physician counselling might help patients overcome this vaccine hesitancy. A COVID-19 vaccination did not cause severe side effects and had no negative impact on CD4+ T cell counts and HIV RNA viral load. Comparable spike receptor binding domain IgG titer were elicited in PLWH and HC after a second dose of the CoronaVac vaccine, but antibody responses were lower in poor immunological responders (CD4+ T cell counts < 350 cells/µL) compared with immunological responders (CD4+ T cell counts ≥ 350 cells/µL). These data showed that PLWH have comparable safety and immune response following inactivated COVID-19 vaccination compared with HC, but the poor immunological response in PLWH is associated with impaired humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Junyan Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; (J.H.); (D.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China;
| | - Danying Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; (J.H.); (D.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xuesen Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; (J.H.); (D.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yaruo Qiu
- Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China; (Y.Q.); (L.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Leidan Zhang
- Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China; (Y.Q.); (L.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Jing Xiao
- Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China; (Y.Q.); (L.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Bei Li
- Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- Clinical Center for HIV/AIDS, Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; (Y.L.); (B.L.)
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