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Idowu M, Taiwo G, Sidney T, Treon E, Leal Y, Ologunagba D, Eichie F, Pech-Cervantes A, Ogunade IM. Effects of rumen-bypass protein supplement on growth performance, hepatic mitochondrial protein complexes, and hepatic immune gene expression of beef steers with divergent residual feed intake. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293718. [PMID: 38959213 PMCID: PMC11221652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the impact of a rumen-bypass protein (RBP) supplement on growth performance, plasma and urinary N (UN) concentration, hepatic mitochondrial protein complexes, and hepatic mRNA expression of immune genes of beef steers with negative or positive residual feed intake (RFI) phenotype. Forty crossbred beef steers with an average body weight (BW) of 492 ± 36 kg were subjected to a generalized randomized block design over a 42-day experimental period. This study followed a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The factors evaluated were: 1) RFI classification (low-RFI (-2.12 kg/d) vs. high-RFI (2.02 kg/d), and 2) rumen-bypass protein supplement: RBP supplement (RBP; 227 g/steer/d) vs. control diet (CON; 0 g/d), resulting in four distinct treatments: LRFI-CON (n = 10), LRFI-RBP (n = 10), HRFI-CON (n = 10), and HRFI-RBP (n = 10). The RBP supplement (84% crude protein) is a mixture of hydrolyzed feather meal, porcine blood meal, and DL-methionine hydroxy analogue. The beef steers were stratified by BW, randomly assigned to treatments, and housed in four pens (1 treatment/pen) equipped with two GrowSafe feed bunks each to measure individual dry mater intake (DMI). Body weight was measured every 7 d. Liver tissue samples were collected on d 42 from all the beef steers. These samples were used for mRNA expression analysis of 16 immune-related genes and for evaluating the mitochondrial protein complexes I - V. No significant effects due to RBP supplementation or RFI × RBP interactions (P > 0.05) were observed for average daily gain (ADG) and DMI. However, compared to high-RFI steers, low-RFI steers showed a trend towards reduced DMI (12.9 vs. 13.6 kg/d; P = 0.07) but ADG was similar for the two RFI groups. Regardless of RFI status, supplemental RBP increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (P = 0.01), with a lower BUN concentration in low-RFI steers compared to high-RFI ones. A tendency for interaction (P = 0.07) between RFI and RBP was detected for the UN concentrations; feeding the dietary RBP increased the UN concentration in high-RFI beef steers (209 vs. 124 mM), whereas the concentration was lower than that of the CON group for low-RFI beef steers (86 vs. 131 mM). Interactions of RBP and RFI were observed (P ≤ 0.05) for mitochondrial activities of complexes IV, V, and mRNA expressions of some immune genes such as TLR2, TLR3, and IL23A. In conclusion, while RBP supplementation did not alter growth performance, its observed effects on hepatic immune gene expression, mitochondrial protein complexes, BUN, and UN depended on the beef steers' RFI phenotype. Therefore, the RFI status of beef steers should be considered in future studies evaluating the effects of dietary protein supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modoluwamu Idowu
- Division of Animal Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Godstime Taiwo
- Division of Animal Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Taylor Sidney
- Division of Animal Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Emily Treon
- Division of Animal Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Yarahy Leal
- Division of Animal Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Deborah Ologunagba
- Division of Animal Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Francisca Eichie
- Division of Animal Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Andres Pech-Cervantes
- Division of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ibukun M. Ogunade
- Division of Animal Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
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Galadima M, Kotova I, Schmidt R, Pastor J, Schröder C, Rodríguez-Gil JE, Del Alamo MMR. Canine Mammary Neoplasia Induces Variations in the Peripheral Blood Levels of CD20, CD45RA, and CD99. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119222. [PMID: 37298173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The idea of using tumour biomarkers as diagnostic tools is progressively increasing. Of these, serum biomarkers are of particular interest, as they can provide rapid results. In the present study, serum samples from 26 bitches diagnosed with mammary tumours, plus 4 healthy bitches, were obtained. The samples were analysed using CD antibody microarrays targeting 90 CD surface markers and 56 cytokines/chemokines. A total of five CD proteins, namely CD20, CD45RA, CD53, CD59, and CD99, were selected and further analysed, utilizing immunoblotting techniques to validate the microarray results. CD45RA showed a significantly lower abundance in the serum samples from the bitches carrying mammary neoplasia in comparison to the healthy animals. Regarding CD99, the serum samples from the neoplastic bitches showed it in a significantly higher abundance than those from the healthy patients. Finally, CD20 showed a significantly higher abundance in bitches carrying a malignant mammary tumour in comparison to healthy patients, but no differential expression between malignant and benign tumours was observed. According to these results, both CD99 and CD45RA are indicators of mammary tumour presence, but without distinguishing between malignant and benign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makchit Galadima
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Iuliia Kotova
- Sciomics GmbH, Karl-Landsteines-Straβe 6, 69151 Neckargemünd, Germany
| | - Ronny Schmidt
- Sciomics GmbH, Karl-Landsteines-Straβe 6, 69151 Neckargemünd, Germany
| | - Josep Pastor
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Joan Enric Rodríguez-Gil
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maria Montserrat Rivera Del Alamo
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Ren X, Fan Y, Shi D, Liu Y. Expression and significance of IL-6 and IL-8 in canine mammary gland tumors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1302. [PMID: 36693957 PMCID: PMC9873921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary gland tumors are the most common malignant diseases which seriously threaten the health of women and female dogs. There is a lack of an effective tumor marker which can effectively assist in the early diagnosis, and prognosis of mammary gland tumors in veterinary clinical medicine. IL-6, and IL-8 as immunosuppressive factors may stimulate tumor cells growth, contribute to loco-regional relapse and metastasis that might be utilized as a marker for immunity status and monitoring of the course of tumor. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of serum/tissue IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in canine mammary gland tumors using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), Western blot and Immunohistochemistry assay(IHC) to determine whether it is associated with tumor progression. The results showed that levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in serum were higher in malignant tumor group than that in benign tumor and control group; the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly elevated in grade III than in grade I and II and was related to metastasis. Likewise, IL-6 and IL-8 were also highly expressed in malignant tumor tissues. Elevated expression of IL-6 was associated with histopathological grade and metastases in malignant tumors. Moreover, high expression of IL-6 occurred in the Basal-like subtypes whereas high expression of IL-8 occurred in the Luminal B subtypes. The results of this study indicated that changes of IL-6 and IL-8 in the tumor microenvironments were closely related to the diseases status and may be used as a potential diagnostic or biomarker in canine mammary gland tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Ren
- Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuying Fan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Metabolic and Poisoning Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Molecular Characterization of CF33 Canine Cell Line and Evaluation of Its Ability to Respond against Infective Stressors in Sight of Anticancer Approaches. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100543. [PMID: 36288156 PMCID: PMC9610178 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Canine mammary cancer is very common and has many similarities with human breast cancer. Risk factors, physiological and pathological behaviors, and the clinical course in dogs are very similar to humans. Several molecular similarities have also been reported, such as overexpression of EGF, proliferation markers, metalloproteinase and cyclooxygenase, TP53 mutations, and CXCR4/SDF1 axis activation. These common characteristics make these breast tumors resistant to conventional therapies. It is therefore necessary to study therapeutic alternatives. Cell lines could be helpful to test in vitro immunomodulant anti-cancer therapies, allowing a reduction of laboratory animals’ involvement in the preliminary tests and achieving results in a shorter time. Although the canine mammary carcinoma cell line CF33 has been widely used in many studies on dog mammary cancer, characterization of its gene expression profile and of the influence of infective stressors of this cell line is poor. Our study shows the interaction of CF33 and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) as an infective stressor, indicating that these cells may represent an in vitro model for assessing novel therapeutic approaches using bacteria. Abstract Spontaneous mammary tumors are the most frequent neoplasms in bitches and show similarities with human breast cancer in risk factors, clinical course, and histopathology. The poor prognosis of some cancer subtypes, both in human and dog, demands more effective therapeutic approaches. A possible strategy is the new anticancer therapy based on immune response modulation through bacteria or their derivatives on canine mammary carcinoma cell lines. The aim of the present study was to analyze the CF33 cell line in terms of basal expression of immune innate genes, CXCR4 expression, and interaction with infectious stressors. Our results highlight that CF33 maintains gene expression parameters typical of mammary cancer, and provides the basal gene expression of CF33, which is characterized by overexpression of CXCR4, CD44, RAD51, LY96, and a non-continuous expression of TP53 and PTEN. No mutations appeared in the CXCR4 gene until the 58th passage; this may represent important information for studying the CXCR4 pathway as a therapeutic target. Moreover, the CF33 cell line was shown to be able to interact with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) (an infective stressor), indicating that these cells could be used as an in vitro model for developing innovative therapeutic approaches involving bacteria.
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Maekawa N, Konnai S, Asano Y, Sajiki Y, Deguchi T, Okagawa T, Watari K, Takeuchi H, Takagi S, Hosoya K, Kim S, Ohta H, Kato Y, Suzuki Y, Murata S, Ohashi K. Exploration of serum biomarkers in dogs with malignant melanoma receiving anti-PD-L1 therapy and potential of COX-2 inhibition for combination therapy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9265. [PMID: 35665759 PMCID: PMC9166720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as anti-PD-L1 antibodies are widely used to treat human cancers, and growing evidence suggests that ICIs are promising treatments for canine malignancies. However, only some canine oral malignant melanoma (OMM) cases respond to ICIs. To explore biomarkers predictive of survival in dogs with pulmonary metastatic OMM receiving the anti-PD-L1 antibody c4G12 (n = 27), serum concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were measured prior to treatment initiation. Among 12 factors tested, PGE2, interleukin (IL)-12p40, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and stem cell factor (SCF) were higher in OMM dogs compared to healthy dogs (n = 8). Further, lower baseline serum PGE2, MCP-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A concentrations as well as higher IL-2, IL-12, and SCF concentrations predicted prolonged overall survival. These observations suggest that PGE2 confers resistance against anti-PD-L1 therapy through immunosuppression and thus is a candidate target for combination therapy. Indeed, PGE2 suppressed IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ production by stimulated canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), while inhibition of PGE2 biosynthesis using the COX-2 inhibitor meloxicam in combination with c4G12 enhanced Th1 cytokine production by PBMCs. Thus, serum PGE2 may be predictive of c4G12 treatment response, and concomitant use of COX-2 inhibitors may enhance ICI antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Maekawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yumie Asano
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yamato Sajiki
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Deguchi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okagawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kei Watari
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Takeuchi
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takagi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Surgery 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoya
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sangho Kim
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shiro Murata
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ohashi
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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6
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Idowu MD, Taiwo G, Pech Cervantes A, Bowdridge S, Ogunade IM. Effects of a multi-component microbial feed additive containing prebiotics and probiotics on health, immune status, metabolism, and performance of newly weaned beef steers during a 35-d receiving period. Transl Anim Sci 2022; 6:txac053. [PMID: 35673543 PMCID: PMC9168071 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of dietary supplementation of a multicomponent blend of prebiotics and probiotics on health, immune status, metabolism, and performance of newly weaned beef steers during a 35-d receiving period. Eighty newly weaned crossbred steers (12-hour postweaning; 206 ± 12 kg of body weight [BW]) from a single source were stratified by BW into four pens (20 steers per pen) such that each pen had similar BW at the beginning of the experiment. The pens were randomly assigned to receive a corn silage-based diet with no additive (CON; two pens; n = 40 steers) or a basal diet supplemented with SYNB feed additive at an average of 28 g/steer/d (SYNB; two pens; n = 40 steers). The SYNB additive is a blend of live Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fermentation products of S. cerevisiae, Enterococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus subtilis and was supplemented for the first 21 d only. Percentage of steers treated for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was calculated for each dietary treatment. Daily dry matter intake (DMI) and meal events (meal frequency and duration) were measured. Weekly BWs were measured to calculate average daily gain (ADG). Blood samples collected on days 0, 14, 21, 28, and 35 were used for ex-vivo tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) release assay following lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation, plasma metabolome analysis, and mRNA expression analysis of 84 innate and adaptive immune-related genes. Compared with CON, supplemental SYNB increased (P ≤ 0.05) ADG, DMI, and meal events during the first 7 d. At d 21, there was no treatment effect (P > 0.05) on final BW, DMI, ADG, and meal events; however, beef steers fed supplemental SYNB had greater (P = 0.02) meal duration. Over the entire 35-d receiving period, beef steers fed supplemental SYNB had greater (P = 0.01) ADG and feed efficiency, tended to have greater (P = 0.08) meal duration, and had lower percentage (35 vs. 50%) of animals treated for BRD and lower percentage of sick animals treated for BRD more than once (7.15 vs. 45%). Whole blood expression of pro-inflammatory genes was downregulated while that of anti-inflammatory genes was upregulated in beef steers fed supplemental SYNB. Beef steers fed supplemental SYNB had lower (P = 0.03) plasma concentration of TNF-α after LPS stimulation. Six nutrient metabolic pathways associated with health benefits were enriched (false discovery rate ≤ 0.05) in beef steers fed supplemental SYNB. This study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of SYNB during the first 21 d of arrival reduced BRD morbidity, improved the performance, immune, and metabolic status of beef steers over a 35-d receiving period thereby extending the SYNB effect by a further 14 days post supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modoluwamu D Idowu
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Godstime Taiwo
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Andres Pech Cervantes
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley 31030, GA, USA
| | - Scott Bowdridge
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Ibukun M Ogunade
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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7
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Alonso-Miguel D, Valdivia G, Guerrera D, Perez-Alenza MD, Pantelyushin S, Alonso-Diez A, Beiss V, Fiering S, Steinmetz NF, Suarez-Redondo M, Vom Berg J, Peña L, Arias-Pulido H. Neoadjuvant in situ vaccination with cowpea mosaic virus as a novel therapy against canine inflammatory mammary cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004044. [PMID: 35277459 PMCID: PMC8919457 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundInflammatory mammary cancer (IMC), the counterpart of human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), is the deadliest form of canine mammary tumors. IMC patients lack specific therapy and have poor outcomes. This proof-of-principle preclinical study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and effect on survival of neoadjuvant intratumoral (in situ) empty cowpea mosaic virus (eCPMV) immunotherapy in companion dogs diagnosed with IMC.MethodsTen IMC-bearing dogs were enrolled in the study. Five dogs received medical therapy, and five received weekly neoadjuvant in situ eCPMV immunotherapy (0.2–0.4 mg per injection) and medical therapy after the second eCPMV injection. Efficacy was evaluated by reduction of tumor growth; safety by hematological and biochemistry changes in blood and plasma; and patient outcome by survival analysis. eCPMV-induced immune changes in blood cells were analyzed by flow cytometry; changes in the tumor microenvironment were evaluated by CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD20 (B lymphocytes), FoxP3 (Treg lymphocytes), myeloperoxidase (MPO; neutrophils), Ki-67 (proliferation index, PI; tumor cell proliferation), and Cleaved Caspase-3 (CC-3; apoptosis) immunohistochemistry.ResultsTwo neoadjuvant in situ eCPMV injections resulted in tumor shrinkage in all patients by day 14 without systemic adverse events. Although surgery for IMC is generally not an option, reduction in tumor size allowed surgery in two IMC patients. In peripheral blood, in situ eCPMV immunotherapy was associated with a significant decrease of Treg+/CD8+ ratio and changes in CD8+Granzyme B+ T cells, which behave as a lagging predictive biomarker. In the TME, higher neutrophilic infiltration and MPO expression, lower tumor Ki-67 PI, increase in CD3+ lymphocytes, decrease in FoxP3+/CD3+ ratio (p<0.04 for all comparisons), and no changes in CC-3+ immunostainings were observed in post-treatment tumor tissues when compared with pretreatment tumor samples. eCPMV-treated IMC patients had a statistically significant (p=0.033) improved overall survival than patients treated with medical therapy.ConclusionsNeoadjuvant in situ eCPMV immunotherapy demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy and improved survival in IMC patients without systemic adverse effects. eCPMV-induced changes in immune cells point to neutrophils as a driver of immune response. Neoadjuvant in situ eCPMV immunotherapy could be a groundbreaking immunotherapy for canine IMC and a potential future immunotherapy for human IBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alonso-Miguel
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Valdivia
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Guerrera
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Maria Dolores Perez-Alenza
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Angela Alonso-Diez
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of NannoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Hitchcock Health, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of NannoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Maria Suarez-Redondo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Johannes Vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Laura Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugo Arias-Pulido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Hitchcock Health, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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8
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Naruke A, Nakano R, Nunomura J, Suwabe Y, Nakano M, Namba S, Kitanaka T, Kitanaka N, Sugiya H, Nakayama T. Tpl2 contributes to IL-1β-induced IL-8 expression via ERK1/2 activation in canine dermal fibroblasts. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259489. [PMID: 34735542 PMCID: PMC8568182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In autoimmune diseases, fibroblasts produce and secrete various cytokines and act as sentinel immune cells during inflammatory states. However, the contribution of sentinel immune cells (i.e. dermal fibroblasts) in autoimmune diseases of the skin, such as atopic dermatitis, has been obscure. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β) induces the expression of chemokines, such as interleukin 8 (IL-8), in autoimmune diseases of the skin. IL-8 induces the activation and recruitment of innate immune cells such as neutrophils to the site of inflammation. IL-1β-mediated induction of IL-8 expression is important for the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases; however, the intracellular singling remains to be understood. To elucidate the mechanism of the onset of autoimmune diseases, we established a model for IL-1β-induced dermatitis and investigated MAPK signaling pathways in IL-1β-induced IL-8 expression. We also identified that a MAP3K Tpl2 acts as an upstream modulator of IL-1β-induced ERK1/2 activation in dermal fibroblasts. We observed an increase in the expression of IL-8 mRNA and protein in cells treated with IL-1β. ERK1/2 inhibitors significantly reduced IL-1β-induced IL-8 expression, whereas the inhibitor for p38 MAPK or JNK had no effect. IL-1β induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, which was attenuated in the presence of an ERK1/2 inhibitor. IL-1β failed to induce IL-8 expression in cells transfected with siRNA for ERK1, or ERK2. Notably, a Tpl2 inhibitor reduced IL-1β-induced IL-8 expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. We confirmed that the silencing of Tpl2 in siRNA-transfected fibroblasts prevented both in IL-1β-induced IL-8 expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Taken together, our data indicate the importance of Tpl2 in the modulation of ERK1/2 signaling involved in the IL-1β-induced development of autoimmune diseases affecting the dermal tissue, such as atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuto Naruke
- Laboratories of Veterinary Radiotherapy, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rei Nakano
- Laboratories of Veterinary Radiotherapy, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Junichi Nunomura
- Laboratories of Veterinary Radiotherapy, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Suwabe
- Laboratories of Veterinary Radiotherapy, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masumi Nakano
- Laboratories of Veterinary Radiotherapy, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Namba
- Laboratories of Veterinary Radiotherapy, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taku Kitanaka
- Laboratories of Veterinary Radiotherapy, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nanako Kitanaka
- Laboratories of Veterinary Radiotherapy, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiya
- Laboratories of Veterinary Radiotherapy, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakayama
- Laboratories of Veterinary Radiotherapy, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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9
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Ali ET, Masri MAM, Siddig EE, Ahmed A, Muneer MS, Mohamed NS, Edris AMM. Immunohistochemical expression of interleukin-17 and hormonal receptors in benign and malignant breast lesions. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:300. [PMID: 32576277 PMCID: PMC7310502 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES IL17 is a critical pro-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in inflammation, multidrug resistance and growth persistence pathways in cancer. This study is aiming at studying the expression of IL17 and hormonal receptors expression in benign and malignant breast lesions using immunohistochemical staining methods. RESULTS A total of 137 cases of breast lesions were studied, 97 (70.8%) were malignant and 40 (29.2%) were benign cases. Age range for malignant and benign cases were between 26 and 80 years [mean age 50 ± 2 years], and 20 to 70 years [mean age 41 ± 4 years], respectively, Odds ratio = 2.3 [1.78-1.99, 95% CI]. The majority of the histopathological diagnosis of the benign and malignant lesions were 21 (15.3%) fibro-adenomas and 87 (63.5%) invasive ductal carcinoma, respectively. Expression of IL17 and age were insignificantly negatively correlated for both groups; benign cases [r = - 0.054, P value 0.742] and malignant cases [r = - 0.080, P value 0.444]. IL17 expression was showing insignificant association with age group, P value 0.065. IL17 expression showed a statistical significance based on the different histopathological diagnosis, P value 0.035. Expression levels of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal receptors were showing insignificant difference among IL17 expression categories, P values 0.678, 0.623, and 0.361, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Taha Ali
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan. .,Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, National University, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | | | - Emmanuel Edwar Siddig
- Mycetoma Research Center, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.,School of Medicine, Nile College, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Alfarrabi College for Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ayman Ahmed
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed S Muneer
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Nouh Saad Mohamed
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Alfarrabi College for Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nile University, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Sinnar University, Sinnar, Sudan
| | - Ali Mahmoud Mohammed Edris
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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10
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Bilyi DD, Gerdeva AА, Samoiliuk VV, Suslova NI, Yevtushenko ID. A modern look at the molecular-biological mechanisms of breast tumours in dogs. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High morbidity and increase in the number of registrations of breast tumours in dogs, their wide application as biological models, discussion of numerous questions of oncogenesis, and the lack of a uniform/unified methodological approach to the study of molecular and biological mechanisms of treatment of cancer determine the relevance of the problem of cancer both in humans and in our domestic companions. The analysis of publications allowed us to establish the following patterns of carcinogenesis. The peculiarities of the biological behaviour of breast tumours depend on their pathomorphological structure. Genetic predisposition to breast cancer is characteristic only in the single breed aspect. Environmental factors are of critical relevance to carcinogenesis : chemical pollutants initiate oncogenesis indirectly – by altering the expression of several receptors, impaired endocrine balance and direct mutagenic effects. Reproductive status plays a key role in the initiation and progression of breast tumours by reducing the expression of estrogen, progesterone and prolactin receptor genes. The inflammatory response that accompanies the neoplasia process is characterized by increased production of cytokines, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8), vascular endothelial growth receptors, and impaired hemostatic status (oxidative stress), which promotes progression of disease. In breast cancer in dogs, genomic instability leads to genomic aberrations, and subsequently, mutations that support the proliferation, survival and dissemination of neoplastic cells. The initiation and progression of mammary gland tumours is provided by cancer stem cells by disrupting the regulation of precursor cell self-renewal, which also predispose to resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, radiation, and hormonal cancer therapy. The analysis of the publications revealed the major markers of carcinogenesis that could potentially be used as biological targets for the design of modern diagnostic strategies and high-performance therapeutic protocols.
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11
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El-Deeb MMK, El-Sheredy HG, Mohammed AF. The Possible Role of Interleukin (IL)-18 and Nitrous Oxide and Their Relation to Oxidative Stress in the Development and Progression of Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2659-2665. [PMID: 31554361 PMCID: PMC6976825 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.9.2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer breast is the most common malignant tumor in females globally. Mechanisms linking inflammatory cytokines and tumour growth and progression have not been established. Interleukin (IL)-18 has a modifying role in the immune defense against tumor cells. It induces production of IFN-γ. It also increases the immune cells cytotoxic activity and enhances the production of other proinflammatory cytokine. Nitric oxide (NO) has both promoting and inhibiting effects on tumorigenesis. Oxidative stress is a phenomenon that leads to oxidative damage of biomolecules, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Objective: The purpose of this research is to identify the potential role of IL18 and NO and their relation to oxidative stress in the development of cancer breast. Patients and Methods: This study included 120 women split into two groups ; control group and patient groups that divided into: group B (30 patients with benign breast tumors), group N (30newly diagnosed cancer breast patients) ; and group M (30 metastatic cancer breast patients). Results: Serum total anti-oxidant capacity was significant high in both cancer breast groups. Total oxidative capacity was significantly higher level in metastatic group. NO levels were significantly higher values in the three cancer breast patients groups compared to control group.IL18 was significantly high in the metastatic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mohamed K El-Deeb
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba Gaber El-Sheredy
- Department of Cancer Management and Research, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Farouk Mohammed
- Department of Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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12
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Irac SE, Oksa A, Jackson K, Herndon A, Allavena R, Palmieri C. Cytokine Expression in Canine Lymphoma, Osteosarcoma, Mammary Gland Tumour and Melanoma: Comparative Aspects. Vet Sci 2019; 6:vetsci6020037. [PMID: 30987001 PMCID: PMC6631657 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines released in the tumour microenvironment play a major role in cancer pathogenesis. In human cancers and corresponding animal models, cytokine expression contributes to tumour growth and progression, as well as regulation of the host anti-tumour response. The elucidation of the function and importance of cytokines in canine cancers is still in an early stage, although relevant data have been obtained in classical examples of comparative models of human cancers, such as osteosarcoma, melanoma, mammary tumour and lymphoma. A deeper understanding of the cytokine signature may advance diagnosis, prevention and treatment of canine cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Erdal Irac
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
| | - Annika Oksa
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
| | - Karen Jackson
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
| | - Aaron Herndon
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
| | - Rachel Allavena
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
| | - Chiara Palmieri
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
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13
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Lisiecka U, Kostro K, Dudek K, Brodzki A, Czop M. Evaluation of T regulatory lymphocytes and serum concentration of selected cytokines in dogs with perianal tumors. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 207:10-17. [PMID: 30593345 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine concentrations of IL-2, IL-10, TGF-β1 in serum and T regulatory cell (Treg) percentage in peripheral blood of dogs with perianal tumours. Investigations were conducted on 32 male dogs of mixed breed. The animals were divided into 4 experimental groups and control group. The groups were established depending on the tumour malignancy degree and the type of dominant hormones. All measurements of serum cytokine concentrations were conducted by the use of commercial diagnostic ELISA kits. Treg lymphocyte percentage was measured by flow cytometry. In both groups with benign tumours cytokine levels decreased during therapy, whilst in groups with malignant tumors, in spite of applying anti-tumour therapy, concentrations of cytokines in serum markedly increased. The mean percentage of Treg lymphocytes in dogs with benign tumours (group I and II) was significantly lower than the mean percentage of these cells in control group at all time points, but after applying of anti-hormonal therapy, the significant increase of Treg percentage was observed compared to baseline values. By contrast, in both groups with malignant tumours (group III and IV), the mean percentage of Treg lymphocytes was significantly higher at the beginning of the experiment comparing with the control group as well as both groups with benign tumours and this percentage increased during anti-tumour therapy. The results of this study suggest that monitoring changes in cytokine serum concentrations and Treg percentage in the bloodstream during anti-hormonal therapy may constitute a subsidiary marker in the monitoring of therapy effectiveness, in prognosis the outcome of a disease or in differentiating tumour degree of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Lisiecka
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland.
| | - K Kostro
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - K Dudek
- Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - A Brodzki
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - M Czop
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Chair of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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14
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Marschner CB, Wiinberg B, Tarnow I, Markussen B, Kühnel L, Bochsen L, Kristensen AT. The influence of inflammation and hematocrit on clot strength in canine thromboelastographic hypercoagulability. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2017; 28:20-30. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara B. Marschner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
| | - Bo Wiinberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
| | - Inge Tarnow
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
| | - Bo Markussen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences; Faculty of Science
| | - Line Kühnel
- Laboratory for Applied Statistics, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Louise Bochsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
| | - Annemarie T. Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
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15
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Richter KR, Nasr AN, Mexas AM. Cytokine Concentrations Measured by Multiplex Assays in Canine Peripheral Blood Samples. Vet Pathol 2017; 55:53-67. [PMID: 28812527 DOI: 10.1177/0300985817725388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are known to play important roles in a wide range of pathologic conditions spanning all organ systems in every species studied. As our knowledge of the physiology of individual cytokines expands and our ability to measure multiple cytokines in smaller biological samples increases, we gain more insight into the significance and function of each cytokine and the importance of cytokine networks. Previous studies that reported measurements of cytokine concentrations from serum or plasma in dogs with infectious, autoimmune, metabolic, endocrine, and neoplastic diseases yield an appreciation for the complexity of cytokine control and potential applications for cytokine measurements in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of a variety of disease conditions. In this review, we highlight the benefits of multiplex cytokine analysis, summarize clinical and experimental reports that have used this technology in dogs, and discuss the strengths and limitations of data analysis for the interpretation of results in these studies. We describe how differences in technical acuity, data reporting tactics, statistical analysis, study population selection criteria, and cross-sectional experimental design methods may affect interpretation of results from this technology. We also suggest methods for analysis in future studies, such as reporting median fluorescence intensity values, analyzing the proportion of patients above population medians, and performing longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Richter
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Amirah N Nasr
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Angela M Mexas
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
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16
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Gelaleti GB, Borin TF, Maschio-Signorini LB, Moschetta MG, Hellmén E, Viloria-Petit AM, Zuccari DAPC. Melatonin and IL-25 modulate apoptosis and angiogenesis mediators in metastatic (CF-41) and non-metastatic (CMT-U229) canine mammary tumour cells. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 15:1572-1584. [PMID: 28322030 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin has oncostatic actions and IL-25 is active in inflammatory processes that induce apoptosis in tumor cells AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate melatonin and IL-25 in metastatic (CF-41) and non-metastatic (CMT-U229) canine mammary tumor cells cultured as monolayers and tridimensional structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cells were treated with melatonin, IL-25 and IL-17B silencing gene and performed cell viability, gene and protein expression of caspase-3 and VEGFA (Vascular endothelial growth factor A) and an apoptosis membrane protein array. RESULTS Treatment with 1 mM of melatonin reduced cell viability of both tumor cell lines, all treatments alone and combined significantly increased caspase-3 cleaved and proteins involved in the apoptotic pathway and reduced pro-angiogenic VEGFA, confirming the effectiveness of these potential promising treatments. CONCLUSION This is the first study evaluating the potential use of these strategies in CF-41 and CMT-U229 cell lines and together encourages subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies for further exploration of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Gelaleti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (UNESP/IBILCE), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - T F Borin
- Georgia Cancer Center, Tumor Imaging Angiogenesis Laboratory, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - L B Maschio-Signorini
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - M G Moschetta
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - E Hellmén
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A M Viloria-Petit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - D A P C Zuccari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (UNESP/IBILCE), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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17
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Engin A. Obesity-associated Breast Cancer: Analysis of risk factors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:571-606. [PMID: 28585217 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several studies show that a significantly stronger association is obvious between increased body mass index (BMI) and higher breast cancer incidence. Furthermore, obese women are at higher risk of all-cause and breast cancer specific mortality when compared to non-obese women with breast cancer. In this context, increased levels of estrogens due to excessive aromatization activity of the adipose tissue, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, hyperactivation of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) pathways, adipocyte-derived adipokines, hypercholesterolemia and excessive oxidative stress contribute to the development of breast cancer in obese women. While higher breast cancer risk with hormone replacement therapy is particularly evident among lean women, in postmenopausal women who are not taking exogenous hormones, general obesity is a significant predictor for breast cancer. Moreover, increased plasma cholesterol leads to accelerated tumor formation and exacerbates their aggressiveness. In contrast to postmenopausal women, premenopausal women with high BMI are inversely associated with breast cancer risk. Nevertheless, life-style of women for breast cancer risk is regulated by avoiding the overweight and a high-fat diet. Estrogen-plus-progestin hormone therapy users for more than 5 years have elevated risks of both invasive ductal and lobular breast cancer. Additionally, these cases are more commonly node-positive and have a higher cancer-related mortality. Collectively, in this chapter, the impacts of obesity-related estrogen, cholesterol, saturated fatty acid, leptin and adiponectin concentrations, aromatase activity, leptin and insulin resistance on breast cancer patients are evaluated. Obesity-related prognostic factors of breast cancer also are discussed at molecular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey. .,, Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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18
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Proinflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Mediated by NF-κB Factor as Prognostic Markers in Mammary Tumors. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9512743. [PMID: 26989335 PMCID: PMC4771900 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9512743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation results in the production of cytokines, such as interleukin- (IL-) 4 and IL-10 with immunosuppressive properties or IL-6 and TNF-α with procarcinogenic activity. Furthermore, NF-κB is the major link between inflammation and tumorigenesis. This study verified the interaction between active inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment and serum of female dogs with mammary tumors and their correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival. Measurement of gene expression was performed by qPCR and protein levels by ELISA/Luminex. High gene and protein expression levels of NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α were found in association with characteristics that reflect worse prognosis and a negative correlation between TNF-α protein expression and survival time was observed (p < 0.05). In contrast, high gene and protein expression levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were associated with characteristics of better prognosis and an increased level of IL-4 and a longer survival time of animals were obtained (p < 0.05). In addition, there was a positive correlation between TNF-α and IL-6 expression in association with NF-κB. The results show a significant correlation of these cytokines with tumor development, associated with NF-κB expression and cytokines promodulation, showing that these biological factors could be used as predictive and prognostic markers in breast cancer.
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19
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Raposo TP, Beirão BCB, Pang LY, Queiroga FL, Argyle DJ. Inflammation and cancer: till death tears them apart. Vet J 2015; 205:161-74. [PMID: 25981934 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Advances in biotechnology have enabled the collection of an immeasurable amount of information from genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic and proteomic studies of tumours within their microenvironments. The dissection of cytokine and chemokine networks has provided new clues to the interactions between cancer cells and their surrounding inflammatory landscape. To bridge the gap between chronic inflammation and cancer, dynamic participants in the tumour microenvironment have been identified, including tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Both of these cell types are notable for their ability to cause immunosuppressive conditions and support the evasion of tumour immune surveillance. It is clear now that the tumour-promoting inflammatory environment has to be included as one of the major cancer hallmarks. This review explores the recent advances in the understanding of cancer-related inflammation and how this is being applied to comparative oncology studies in humans and domestic species, such as the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Raposo
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - B C B Beirão
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - L Y Pang
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - F L Queiroga
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - D J Argyle
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
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20
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Moschetta MG, Maschio LB, Jardim-Perassi BV, Gelaleti GB, Lopes JR, Leonel C, Gonçalves NDN, Ferreira LC, Martins GR, Borin TF, Zuccari DAPDC. Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in canine malignant mammary tumors. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2345-53. [PMID: 25779537 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary tumors are the most common type of tumor in dogs, with approximately half of these tumors being malignant. Hypoxia, characterized by oxygen levels below normal, is a known adverse factor to cancer treatment. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is a central regulator of the pathophysiological response of mammalian cells to low oxygen levels. HIF-1α activates the transcription of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which in turn promotes angiogenesis through its ability to stimulate the growth, migration and invasion of endothelial cells to form new blood vessels, contributing to tumor progression. In this study, we evaluated the serum concentration and gene expression of VEGF and HIF-1α linking them with clinicopathological parameters and survival of dogs with mammary tumors in order to infer the possible prognostic value of these factors. We collected blood and tumor fragments of 24 female dogs with malignant mammary tumors (study group) and 26 non-affected female dogs (control group) to verify the gene expression of VEGF and HIF-1α by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and the serum levels by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent). The results showed high serum levels of VEGF in the study group and its correlation between abundant vascularization, lymph node involvement, metastasis, death rate and low survival (p<0.05). The serum percentage of HIF-1α in female dogs with mammary neoplasia was lower than that in the control group and higher in female dogs with tumor metastasis and history of tumor recurrence (p<0.05). Regarding gene expression, there was a gene overexpression of VEGFA in female dogs with poor outcome, in contrast to the gene underexpression of HIF-1A. Taken together, these results suggested that VEGF is important in tumor progression and can be used as a potential prognostic marker in the clinic and may be useful in predicting tumor progression in dogs with mammary neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gobbe Moschetta
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bazela Maschio
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Victorasso Jardim-Perassi
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bottaro Gelaleti
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ramos Lopes
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Leonel
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Naiane Do Nascimento Gonçalves
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Carvalho Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Martins
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaiz Ferraz Borin
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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21
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LeVine DN, Birkenheuer AJ, Brooks MB, Nordone SK, Bellinger DA, Jones SL, Fischer TH, Oglesbee SE, Frey K, Brinson NS, Peters AP, Marr HS, Motsinger-Reif A, Gudbrandsdottir S, Bussel JB, Key NS. A novel canine model of immune thrombocytopenia: has immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) gone to the dogs? Br J Haematol 2014; 167:110-20. [PMID: 25039744 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Canine immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is analogous to human ITP, with similar platelet counts and heterogeneity in bleeding phenotype among affected individuals. With a goal of ultimately investigating this bleeding heterogeneity, a canine model of antibody-mediated ITP was developed. Infusion of healthy dogs with 2F9, a murine IgG2a monoclonal antibody to the canine platelet glycoprotein GPIIb (a common target of autoantibodies in ITP) resulted in profound, dose-dependent thrombocytopenia. Model dogs developed variable bleeding phenotypes, e.g. petechiae and haematuria, despite similar degrees of thrombocytopenia. 2F9 infusion was not associated with systemic inflammation, consumptive coagulopathy, or impairment of platelet function. Unexpectedly however, evaluation of cytokine profiles led to the identification of platelets as a potential source of serum interleukin-8 (IL8) in dogs. This finding was confirmed in humans with ITP, suggesting that platelet IL8 may be a previously unrecognized modulator of platelet-neutrophil crosstalk. The utility of this model will allow future study of bleeding phenotypic heterogeneity including the role of neutrophils and endothelial cells in ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana N LeVine
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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22
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Kim JH, Frantz AM, Anderson KL, Graef AJ, Scott MC, Robinson S, Sharkey LC, O Brien TD, Dickerson EB, Modiano JF. Interleukin-8 promotes canine hemangiosarcoma growth by regulating the tumor microenvironment. Exp Cell Res 2014; 323:155-164. [PMID: 24582862 PMCID: PMC4256199 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene expression is highly up-regulated in canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA); however, its role in the pathogenesis of this disease is unknown. We investigated the expression of IL-8 in canine HSA tissues and cell lines, as well and the effects of IL-8 on canine HSA in vitro, and in vivo using a mouse xenograft model for the latter. Constitutive expression of IL-8 mRNA, IL-8 protein, and IL-8 receptor were variable among different tumor samples and cell lines, but they showed stable steady states in each cell line. Upon the addition of IL-8, HSA cells showed transient intracellular calcium fluxes, suggesting that their IL-8 receptors are functional and that IL-8 binding activates relevant signaling pathways. Yet, neither addition of exogenous IL-8 nor blockade of endogenous IL-8 by neutralizing anti-IL-8 antibody (α-IL-8 Ab) affected HSA cell proliferation or survival in vitro. To assess potential effects of IL-8 in other tumor constituents, we stratified HSA cell lines and whole tumor samples into "IL-8 high" and "IL-8 low" groups. Genome-wide gene expression profiling showed that samples in the "IL-8 high" tumor group were enriched for genes associated with a "reactive microenvironment," including activation of coagulation, inflammation, and fibrosis networks. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that the effects of IL-8 on these tumors were mostly indirect, regulating interactions with the microenvironment. This hypothesis was supported by in vivo xenograft experiments where survival and engraftment of tumor cells was inhibited by administration of neutralizing α-IL-8 Ab. Together, our results suggest that IL-8 contributes to establishing a permissive microenvironment during the early stages of tumorigenesis in HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Aric M Frantz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Katie L Anderson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Ashley J Graef
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Milcah C Scott
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Sally Robinson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Leslie C Sharkey
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy D O Brien
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Erin B Dickerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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23
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Foster JD, Sample S, Kohler R, Watson K, Muir P, Trepanier LA. Serum biomarkers of clinical and cytologic response in dogs with idiopathic immune-mediated polyarthropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:905-11. [PMID: 24698600 PMCID: PMC4895454 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune‐mediated polyarthopathy (IMPA) is common in dogs, and is monitored by serial arthrocenteses. Hypothesis/Objectives Plasma C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and CXCL8 (interleukin‐8) would serve as noninvasive markers of joint inflammation in IMPA. Animals Nine client‐owned dogs with idiopathic IMPA; 6 healthy controls. Methods Prospective study. Plasma CRP, IL‐6, and CXCL8 were measured by ELISA at baseline, 2, and 4 weeks during treatment with prednisone at 50 mg/m2/day. Arthrocenteses, the canine brief pain inventory (CBPI), and accelerometry collars were used to assess joint inflammation, lameness, and mobility at all 3 time points. Results C‐reactive protein concentrations were higher in IMPA dogs (median 91.1 μg/mL, range 76.7–195.0) compared with controls (median <6.3 μg/mL, <6.3–13.7; P = .0035), and were significantly lower at week 2 (10.6 μg/mL, <6.3–48.8) and week 4 (<6.3 μg/mL, <6.3–24.4; P < .001). C‐reactive protein was correlated with median CBPI scores (r = 0.68; P = .0004), joint cellularity (r = 0.49, P = .011), and mobility by accelerometry (r = −0.42, P = .048). Plasma IL‐6 concentrations were also higher in IMPA dogs (median 45.9 pg/mL), compared with controls (median <15.7 pg/mL; P = .0008). IL‐6 was lower in IMPA dogs by week 4 (<15.7 pg/mL; P = .0099), and was modestly correlated with CBPI scores (r = 0.47, P = .023). CXCL8 did not differ significantly between IMPA and healthy dogs. Conclusions Plasma CRP and IL‐6 might be useful surrogate markers of synovial inflammation and disease activity in dogs with IMPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Foster
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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24
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Gelaleti GB, Granzotto A, Leonel C, Jardim BV, Moschetta MG, Carareto CMA, Zuccari DAPC. Short interspersed CAN SINE elements as prognostic markers in canine mammary neoplasia. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:435-41. [PMID: 24173085 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of mammals is characterized by a large number of non-LTR retrotransposons, and among them, the CAN SINEs are characteristics of the canine species. Small amounts of DNA freely circulate in normal blood serum and high amounts are found in human patients with cancer, characterizing it as a candidate tumor-biomarker. The aim of this study was to estimate, through its absolute expression, the number of copies of CAN SINE sequences present in free circulating DNA of female dogs with mammary cancer, in order to correlate with the clinical and pathological characteristics and the follow-up period. The copy number of CAN SINE sequences was estimated by qPCR in 28 female dogs with mammary neoplasia. The univariate analysis showed an increased number of copies in female dogs with mammary tumor in female dogs >10 years old (p=0.02) and tumor time >18 months (p<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier test demonstrated a negative correlation between an increased number of copies and survival time (p=0.03). High amounts of CAN SINE fragments can be good markers for the detection of tumor DNA in blood and may characterize it as a marker of poor prognosis, being related to female dogs with shorter survival times. This estimate can be used as a prognostic marker in non-invasive breast cancer research and is useful in predicting tumor progression and patient monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela B Gelaleti
- Program of Post-Graduate in Genetics, UNESP - São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Estrela-Lima A, Araújo MSS, Soares RP, Ribeiro LGR, Damasceno KA, Costa AT, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Cassali GD. Plasma biomarkers profile of female dogs with mammary carcinoma and its association with clinical and pathological features. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 14:88-100. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Estrela-Lima
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica, Escola de Medicina Veterinária; Universidade Federal da Bahia; Salvador BA Brazil
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada (LPC), Departamento de Patologia Geral; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - M. S. S. Araújo
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração; Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - R. P. Soares
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração; Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - L. G. R. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias; Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - K. A. Damasceno
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada (LPC), Departamento de Patologia Geral; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - A. T. Costa
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica, Escola de Medicina Veterinária; Universidade Federal da Bahia; Salvador BA Brazil
| | - A. Teixeira-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração; Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - O. A. Martins-Filho
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração; Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - G. D. Cassali
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada (LPC), Departamento de Patologia Geral; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
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26
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Karlsson I, Hagman R, Johannisson A, Wang L, Karlstam E, Wernersson S. Cytokines as immunological markers for systemic inflammation in dogs with pyometra. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 47 Suppl 6:337-41. [PMID: 23279533 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pyometra is a disease in dogs caused by bacterial infection of the uterus and resulting in SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) in nearly 6 of 10 cases. Clinical diagnostic criteria for SIRS are relatively unspecific, and biomarkers for the diagnosis of pyometra and SIRS in dogs are needed. Serum samples from 32 dogs were used in this study and grouped into dogs with pyometra and SIRS, dogs with pyometra without SIRS and healthy controls. The serum concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18 and TNF-α were measured using multiplex analyses. The serum concentrations of CRP (C-reactive protein) were determined using sandwich ELISA. IL-7, IL-8, IL-15, IL-18 and TNF-α were detected in >94% of samples. IL-10 was detected in 28% of samples, and IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-γ were undetectable. Higher serum concentrations of IL-7 (p < 0.05) were detected in SIRS-positive dogs with pyometra (n = 13) as compared with healthy controls (n = 11). The concentrations of IL-8 were higher in SIRS-positive dogs with pyometra compared to the SIRS-negative group (n = 8; p < 0.05). Positive correlations of IL-15 with IL-18 (p < 0.0001) and with the concentrations of IL-7 (p < 0.0001 for both) were found, although there was no significant difference between groups. Furthermore, IL-15 correlated with concentrations of CRP (p < 0.05), which were higher in dogs with pyometra compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Our data suggest a role of several cytokines in the development of a systemic disease in dogs with pyometra and a possible diagnostic value for serum CRP, IL-7, IL-15 and IL-18 in canine SIRS caused by pyometra.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Karlsson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, The Biomedical Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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27
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de Andrés PJ, Illera JC, Cáceres S, Díez L, Pérez-Alenza MD, Peña L. Increased levels of interleukins 8 and 10 as findings of canine inflammatory mammary cancer. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 152:245-51. [PMID: 23351639 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) is a distinct form of mammary cancer that affects dogs and women [in humans, IMC is known as inflammatory breast cancer (IBC)], and is characterized by a sudden onset and an aggressive clinical course. Spontaneous canine IMC shares epidemiologic, histopathological and clinical characteristics with the disease in humans and has been proposed as the best spontaneous animal model for studying IBC, although several aspects remain unstudied. Interleukins (ILs) play an important role in cancer as potential modulators of angiogenesis, leukocyte infiltration and tumor growth. The aims of the present study were to assess serum and tumor levels of several ILs (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) by enzyme-immunoassay in dogs bearing benign and malignant mammary tumors, including dogs with IMC, for a better understanding of this disease. Forty-eight dogs were prospectively included. Animals consisted of 7 healthy Beagles used as donors for normal mammary glands (NMG) and serum controls (SCs), 10 dogs with hyperplasias and benign mammary tumors (HBMT), 24 with non-inflammatory malignant mammary tumors (non-IMC MMT) and 7 dogs with clinical and pathological IMC. IL-8 (serum) and IL-10 (serum and tissue homogenate) levels were higher in the dogs with IMC compared with the non-IMC MMT group. ILs were increased with tumor malignancy as follows: in tumor homogenates IL-6 levels were higher in malignant tumors (IMC and non-IMC MMT) versus HBMT and versus NMG and tumor IL-8 was increased in malignant tumors versus NMG; in serum, IL-1α and IL-8 levels were higher in the malignant groups respect to HBMT and SCs; interestingly, IL-10 was elevated only in the serum of IMC animals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that analyzes ILs in IMC and IL-10 in canine mammary tumors. Our results indicate a role for IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in canine mammary malignancy and specific differences in ILs content in IMC versus non-IMC MMT that could have future diagnostic and therapeutic implications, to be confirmed in a larger series of IMC cases. These results help to support the validity of the IMC canine model for the study of human IBC and provide insight into this uncommon malignancy in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Jimena de Andrés
- Dept. Medicina y Cirugía Animal. Facultad de Veterinaria, Avda/Puerta de Hierro s/n, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
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Li H, Guo Y, Zhu H, Zhong K, Zha G, Wang L, Wang Y, Lu W, Wang Y, Yang G. IL-8 mRNA expression in the mouse mammary glands during pregnancy and lactation. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:4746-53. [DOI: 10.4238/2012.october.9.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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