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Li W, Zhang S, Dang S, Gao L, Li G, Cheng D, Jiang L, Huang T, Zhai J. Establishment of an A/T-Rich Specifically MGB Probe digital droplet PCR Assays Based on SNP for Brucella wild strains and vaccine strains. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 110:116432. [PMID: 39024932 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, immunization with the S2 live-attenuated vaccine has been recognized as the most economical and effective strategy for preventing brucellosis in Inner Mongolia, China. However, there are still challenges related to vaccine toxicity and the inability to distinguish between vaccine immunization and natural infection. Therefore, in this study, we developed a digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay based on single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci to identify wild Brucella strains and S2 vaccine strains. The assay demonstrated excellent linearity (R2> 0.99) with a lower detection limit of 10 copies/µL for both wild and vaccine strains. Additionally, the ddPCR assay outperformed the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay in screening 50 clinical samples. We have established an effective and highly sensitive ddPCR assay for Brucella, providing an efficient method for detecting and differentiating wild strains of Brucella from the S2 vaccine strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyang Li
- Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Sheng Dang
- Keerqin District First People's Hospital, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Lanzhu Gao
- Tongliao Infectious Disease Hospital, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Guangchen Li
- Tongliao Infectious Disease Hospital, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Dawei Cheng
- Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Longguang Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Tianpeng Huang
- College of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China; Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao 028000, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China; Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao 028000, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao 028000, China.
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2
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Williams C, Swisher S, Miller N, Pinn-Woodcock T, Austin C, Hsiao SH, Arenas-Gamboa AM, Tiller R, Thacker T, Taetzsch S, Franklin-Guild R, Cutter L, Quance C, Hung CC, Maddox CW, Ernst M, Guarino C, Lanka S, Garcia-Gonzalez DG, Slager S, Sunavala Z, Brown C, Negron M, Pieracci EG. Human exposures to Brucella canis from a pregnant dog during an international flight: Public health risks, diagnostic challenges and future considerations. Zoonoses Public Health 2024. [PMID: 38459616 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This report documents the exposure of passengers and crew of a commercial international flight to the zoonotic pathogen Brucella canis after an infected dog aborted in the passenger cabin of the aircraft. This case demonstrates the challenges associated with brucellosis screening and the risks that airline personnel, airport employees and travellers face when animals with unrecognized zoonotic infections are transported. METHODS/RESULTS The public health investigation of this case was conducted by the Centers for Disease Control, the Illinois Department of Health and the Illinois Department of Agriculture, in collaboration with a local veterinary clinic and several academic and federal diagnostic laboratories. It included an extensive diagnostic evaluation of the dam and aborted foetuses to confirm a diagnosis of canine brucellosis. Passengers, airline personnel and staff from the veterinary clinic where the dogs were treated underwent risk assessments, and clinic staff also received detailed guidance regarding infection prevention practices. CONCLUSIONS Animal shelters and breeding programs are recommended to screen dogs routinely for brucellosis, but it is not unusual for domestic or imported animals to have unknown health histories, including the dog's brucellosis status, at the time of purchase, adoption, or re-homing. Testing recommendations and requirements vary by state, making it challenging for state public health and animal health agencies to monitor and respond appropriately. This case highlights the importance of Brucella spp. screening in sexually intact dogs prior to breeding, purchase, or domestic or international transportation of the dogs. The transportation of pregnant dogs may present a previously unrecognized public health threat in addition to contributing to unnecessary stress and health risks for pregnant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Williams
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Samantha Swisher
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nicholas Miller
- Elk Grove Veterinary Specialty & Emergency, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, USA
| | - Toby Pinn-Woodcock
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Connie Austin
- Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Shih-Hsuan Hsiao
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Angela M Arenas-Gamboa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rebekah Tiller
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tyler Thacker
- Mycobacteria and Brucella Section, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Sara Taetzsch
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca Franklin-Guild
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Laurel Cutter
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christine Quance
- Mycobacteria and Brucella Section, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Chien-Che Hung
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Carol W Maddox
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark Ernst
- Illinois Department of Agriculture, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Cassandra Guarino
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Saraswathi Lanka
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel G Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Staci Slager
- Illinois Department of Agriculture, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Zenia Sunavala
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Clive Brown
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maria Negron
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily G Pieracci
- Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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3
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Vargas-Castro I, Crespo-Picazo JL, Fayos M, Jiménez-Martínez MDLÁ, Torre-Fuentes L, Álvarez J, Moura AE, Hernández M, Buendía A, Barroso-Arévalo S, García-Seco T, Pérez-Sancho M, De Miguel MJ, Andrés-Barranco S, Marco-Cabedo V, Peñin-Villahoz G, Muñoz PM, Domínguez L, García-Párraga D, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. New insights into the pathogenesis and transmission of Brucella pinnipedialis: systemic infection in two bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus). Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0199723. [PMID: 37800951 PMCID: PMC10848334 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01997-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Brucella spp. are zoonotic pathogens that can affect both terrestrial and marine mammals. Brucella ceti has been identified in various cetacean species, but only one sequence type (ST27) has been reported in humans. However, it is important to conduct surveillance studies to better understand the impact of marine Brucella species on marine mammals, a typically understudied host group. Here, we describe a systemic infection by two related strains of Brucella pinnipedialis (ST25) in a couple of live-stranded bottlenose dolphins, with more severe lesions in the younger animal. Furthermore, B. pinnipedialis was first detected in milk from a female cetacean that stranded with its offspring. Our study reveals novel insights into the epidemiology and pathological consequences of B. pinnipedialis infections in cetaceans, emphasizing the crucial importance of ongoing surveillance and accurate diagnosis to understand the impact of this pathogen on marine mammal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Vargas-Castro
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Manena Fayos
- Centro de Recuperación de Fauna Silvestre de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Laura Torre-Fuentes
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Álvarez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - André E. Moura
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Hernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Buendía
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Barroso-Arévalo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa García-Seco
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Sancho
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús De Miguel
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA) - Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, España, Spain
| | - Sara Andrés-Barranco
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA) - Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, España, Spain
| | - Vicente Marco-Cabedo
- />Fundación Oceanogràfic. Oceanogràfic. Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Pilar María Muñoz
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA) - Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, España, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Párraga
- />Fundación Oceanogràfic. Oceanogràfic. Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Celestino CA, Rocca MF, Ayala SM, Irazu L, Escobar GI. First Argentine database for the accurate identification of Brucella to species level by MALDI-TOF MS. Acta Trop 2023; 248:107036. [PMID: 37793493 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) has proven to be a fast and reliable method for the identification of a large number of taxonomic groups. It offers the advantage of being able to incorporate protein spectra of microorganisms that are absent or poorly represented in commercial databases, such as the genus Brucella. The aim of the study was to build the first database of protein spectra of local biological variants of Brucella in Argentina and of standard strains. First, the identification performance of a panel of 135 strains was evaluated with the Swedish database ¨Folkhälsomyndigheten¨ (containing protein spectra of several international standards of the genus Brucella) imported from the open access site https://spectra.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/spectra/. With this library 100 % of the strains were correctly identified by mass spectrometry to genus level, but not to species level. Due to the limitation found, an in-house database was designed with local Brucella isolates from Argentina and standard strains used in routine bacteriological diagnosis. For its validation, a panel of strains, different from those used to develop the extended local database (n: 177), was used to, simultaneously, challenge both libraries. The samples were processed by triplicate and the results obtained were: 177 strains correctly identified to genus and species level compared to the gold standard method (phenotypic typing), meeting the criteria accepted by the literature and the manufacturer as reliable identification. Only 2 of these isolates had score values lower than 2 (1.862) and were therefore not included in the calculation of results. According to these results, MALDI-TOF MS is a fast and reliable method for the routine identification of the different Brucella species, and even has the advantage of reducing the time of exposure to pathogenic microorganisms for laboratorians. It could be considered a valuable technique to replace, in the near future, the current conventional techniques due to the ease of transferring protein spectra, avoiding the use of reference strains that are difficult to find commercially available and commonly used in phenotypic typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Analía Celestino
- Laboratorio de Brucelosis, Departamento de Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) «Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán», Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Florencia Rocca
- Servicio de Bacteriología Especial, Departamento de Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) «Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán», Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Red Nacional de Espectrometría de Masas aplicada a la Microbiología Clínica (ReNaEM Argentina), Argentina
| | - Sandra Marcela Ayala
- Laboratorio de Brucelosis, Departamento de Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) «Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán», Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Irazu
- Deparatamento de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) «Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán», Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Ileana Escobar
- Laboratorio de Brucelosis, Departamento de Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) «Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán», Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Red Nacional de Espectrometría de Masas aplicada a la Microbiología Clínica (ReNaEM Argentina), Argentina.
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5
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Djokic V, Freddi L, de Massis F, Lahti E, van den Esker MH, Whatmore A, Haughey A, Ferreira AC, Garofolo G, Melzer F, Sacchini F, Koets A, Wyllie S, Fontbonne A, Girault G, Vicente AF, McGiven J, Ponsart C. The emergence of Brucella canis as a public health threat in Europe: what we know and what we need to learn. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2249126. [PMID: 37649455 PMCID: PMC10540651 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2249126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The zoonotic bacteria, Brucella canis, is becoming the leading cause of canine brucellosis in Europe. In dogs, it causes reproductive problems as well as non-specific lameness or discospondilitis. In humans, B. canis can be origin of chronic debilitating conditions characteristic to its genus such as undulant fever, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy. Although B. canis shows some pathogenic characteristics similar to B. abortus and B. melitensis, it lacks surface O-polysaccharide, like nonzoonotic B. ovis. This review shows that host-B. canis interactions are still poorly understood, with many knowledge and capability gaps, causing relatively poor sensitivity and specificity of existing diagnostic tools. Currently, there is no vaccine for this rough Brucella species. Besides, antimicrobial therapy does not guarantee bacterial elimination, and infection relapses are frequently reported, increasing the risks of antibiotic resistance development. B. canis has been detected in dogs in almost all European countries which increased human exposure, but currently there is no systematic surveillance. Moreover, B. canis caused brucellosis is not included in Animal Health Law, and therefore there is no legal framework to tackle this emerging infectious disease. To map out the diagnostic strategies, identify risks for human infections and propose management scheme for infected pet and kennel dogs, we present current understanding of canine B. canis caused brucellosis, outline major knowledge gaps and propose future steps. To address and highlight challenges veterinary and public health services encounter in Europe, we developed two B. canis infection scenarios: of a single household pet and of a kennel dog in larger group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitomir Djokic
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Luca Freddi
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Fabrizio de Massis
- National and WOAH Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Elina Lahti
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marielle H. van den Esker
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction and Diagnostics, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Whatmore
- WOAH and FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, UK
| | - Anna Haughey
- WOAH and FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, UK
| | - Ana Cristina Ferreira
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, I.P. (INIAV, IP), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Giuliano Garofolo
- National and WOAH Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Flavio Sacchini
- National and WOAH Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Ad Koets
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction and Diagnostics, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen Wyllie
- WOAH and FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, UK
| | - Alain Fontbonne
- Unité de Médecine de L'Elevage et du Sport (UMES), École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Guillaume Girault
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Acacia Ferreira Vicente
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - John McGiven
- WOAH and FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, UK
| | - Claire Ponsart
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
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6
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Brangsch H, Horstkotte MA, Melzer F. Genotypic peculiarities of a human brucellosis case caused by Brucella suis biovar 5. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16586. [PMID: 37789135 PMCID: PMC10547717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human brucellosis cases are rare in non-endemic countries, such as Germany, where infections are predominantly caused by Brucella melitensis. The German National Reference Laboratory for Bovine, Porcine, Ovine and Caprine Brucellosis received a suspected Brucella sp. isolate from a patient for identification. Bacteriological tests and PCR-based diagnostics showed the isolate to be B. suis, but did not yield cohesive results regarding the biovar. Whole genome sequencing and subsequent genotyping was employed for a detailed characterization of the isolate and elucidating the reason for failure of the diagnostic PCR to correctly identify the biovar. The isolate was found to be B. suis bv. 5, a rare biovar with limited geographical distribution primarily found in the Northern Caucasus. Due to a deletion in one of the target regions of the diagnostic PCR, the isolate could not be correctly typed. Based on in silico genotyping it could be excluded that the isolate was identical to one of the B. suis bv. 5 reference strains. Here, we report a rare case of a B. suis bv. 5 field isolate. Furthermore, by reporting this finding, we want to make practitioners aware of possible misinterpretation of PCR results, as it cannot be excluded that the detected deletion is common among the B. suis bv. 5 community, as there is currently a lack of field isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanka Brangsch
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut - Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany.
| | | | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut - Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
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7
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Brangsch H, Sandalakis V, Babetsa M, Boukouvala E, Ntoula A, Makridaki E, Christidou A, Psaroulaki A, Akar K, Gürbilek SE, Jamil T, Melzer F, Neubauer H, Wareth G. Genotype diversity of brucellosis agents isolated from humans and animals in Greece based on whole-genome sequencing. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:529. [PMID: 37580676 PMCID: PMC10426126 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease whose causative agent, Brucella spp., is endemic in many countries of the Mediterranean basin, including Greece. Although the occurrence of brucellosis must be reported to the authorities, it is believed that the disease is under-reported in Greece, and knowledge about the genomic diversity of brucellae is lacking. METHODS Thus, 44 Brucella isolates, primarily B. melitensis, collected between 1999 and 2009 from humans and small ruminants in Greece were subjected to whole genome sequencing using short-read technology. The raw reads and assembled genomes were used for in silico genotyping based on single nucleotide substitutions and alleles. Further, specific genomic regions encoding putative virulence genes were screened for characteristic nucleotide changes, which arose in different genotype lineages. RESULTS In silico genotyping revealed that the isolates belonged to three of the known sublineages of the East Mediterranean genotype. In addition, a novel subgenotype was identified that was basal to the other East Mediterranean sublineages, comprising two Greek strains. The majority of the isolates can be assumed to be of endemic origin, as they were clustered with strains from the Western Balkans or Turkey, whereas one strain of human origin could be associated with travel to another endemic region, e.g. Portugal. Further, nucleotide substitutions in the housekeeping gene rpoB and virulence-associated genes were detected, which were characteristic of the different subgenotypes. One of the isolates originating from an aborted bovine foetus was identified as B. abortus vaccine strain RB51. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate the existence of several distinct persistent Brucella sp. foci in Greece. To detect these and for tracing infection chains, extensive sampling initiatives are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanka Brangsch
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Fredrich-Loeffler-Institut - Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Vassilios Sandalakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 71500, Greece
| | - Maria Babetsa
- Veterinary Research Institute, ELGO-DIMITRA, Campus of Thermi, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evridiki Boukouvala
- Veterinary Research Institute, ELGO-DIMITRA, Campus of Thermi, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Artemisia Ntoula
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 71500, Greece
| | - Eirini Makridaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 71500, Greece
| | - Athanasia Christidou
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 71500, Greece
| | - Anna Psaroulaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 71500, Greece
| | - Kadir Akar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, 65090, Turkey
| | - Sevil Erdenlig Gürbilek
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, 63200, Turkey
| | - Tariq Jamil
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Fredrich-Loeffler-Institut - Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Falk Melzer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Fredrich-Loeffler-Institut - Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Fredrich-Loeffler-Institut - Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Gamal Wareth
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Fredrich-Loeffler-Institut - Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (FLI), 07743, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
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8
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Aurich S, Schneider J, Brangsch H, Koets A, Melzer F, Ewers C, Prenger-Berninghoff E. Brucella suis biovar 1 infection in a dog with orchitis in Germany. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1233118. [PMID: 37601758 PMCID: PMC10435866 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1233118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2021, a case of canine brucellosis diagnosed in a dog with orchitis was presented to a veterinary practice in Germany. Serological testing excluded Brucella (B.) canis as a causative agent, but molecular analysis revealed the presence of B. suis biovar 1. Since biovar 1 is not endemic in Europe and the dog had no history of travel to endemic areas, a comprehensive epidemiological investigation was conducted using whole genome sequence data to determine the source of infection. We describe the clinical progress of the animal and the potential infection of a veterinary clinic employee. The findings highlight the importance of considering less common Brucella species as possible causes of canine brucellosis. The data also emphasize that it is quite challenging to identify Brucella species in a routine diagnostic laboratory and to conduct epidemiological investigations to unveil possible transmission routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Aurich
- Department of Veterinary Science, Institute for Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Juliane Schneider
- Tierärztliche Klinik für Kleintiere am Kaiserberg, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Hanka Brangsch
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Ad Koets
- Department of Bacteriology, Host-Pathogen Interaction and Diagnostics, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Falk Melzer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Christa Ewers
- Department of Veterinary Science, Institute for Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ellen Prenger-Berninghoff
- Department of Veterinary Science, Institute for Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Scholz HC, Heckers KO, Appelt S, Geier-Dömling D, Schlegel P, Wattam AR. Isolation of Brucella inopinata from a White's tree frog ( Litoria caerulea): pose exotic frogs a potential risk to human health? Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1173252. [PMID: 37362939 PMCID: PMC10285381 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1173252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cold-blooded hosts, particularly exotic frogs, have become a newly recognized reservoir for atypical Brucella species and strains worldwide, but their pathogenicity to humans remains largely unknown. Here we report the isolation and molecular characterization of a B. inopinata strain (FO700662) cultured from clinical samples taken from a captive diseased White's Tree Frog (Litoria caerulea) in Switzerland. The isolation of B. inopinata from a frog along with other reports of human infection by atypical Brucella raises the question of whether atypical Brucella could pose a risk to human health and deserves further attention. Methods The investigations included histopathological analysis of the frog, bacterial culture and in-depth molecular characterization of strain FO700662 based on genome sequencing data. Results and Discussion Originally identified as Ochrobactrum based on its rapid growth and biochemical profile, strain FO700622 was positive for the Brucella- specific markers bcsp31 and IS711. It showed the specific banding pattern of B. inopinata in conventional Bruce-ladder multiplex PCR and also had identical 16S rRNA and recA gene sequences as B. inopinata. Subsequent genome sequencing followed by core genome-based MLST (cgMLST) analysis using 2704 targets (74% of the total chromosome) revealed only 173 allelic differences compared to the type strain of B. inopinata BO1T, while previously considered the closest related strain BO2 differed in 2046 alleles. The overall average nucleotide identity (ANI) between the type strain BO1T and FO700622 was 99,89%, confirming that both strains were almost identical. In silico MLST-21 and MLVA-16 also identified strain FO700662 as B. inopinata. The nucleotide and amino acid-based phylogenetic reconstruction and comparative genome analysis again placed the isolate together with B. inopinata with 100% support. In conclusion, our data unequivocally classified strain FO700622, isolated from an exotic frog, as belonging to B. inopinata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger C. Scholz
- Department of Bacteriology and Toxinology, Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Kim O. Heckers
- LABOklin GmbH and Co KG, Labor für klinische Diagnostik, Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Appelt
- Department of Bacteriology and Toxinology, Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Schlegel
- Kleintierpraxis Dr. med vet. Patrick Schlegel, Sargans, Switzerland
| | - Alice R. Wattam
- Biocomplexity Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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10
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Papić B, Kušar D, Krt B, Ocepek M, Avberšek J. Phylogeography of Brucella suis biovar 2 with focus on Slovenian wildlife. Vet Microbiol 2023; 282:109751. [PMID: 37104938 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Brucella suis commonly infects swine but occasionally also other animal species and humans. Wild boars are the most important reservoir of B. suis biovar 2, continually infecting susceptible hosts through close contact. Nevertheless, the genetic diversity of B. suis in wildlife remains understudied. Here, we typed 17 Slovenian B. suis biovar 2 isolates obtained in 2017-2019 from wild boars (n = 16) and a hare (n = 1) using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). To assess the global phylogenetic diversity of B. suis, we compared them to 126 publicly available B. suis genomes. All Slovenian isolates fell within the biovar 2 lineage, confirming the previous multiplex PCR typing results. According to MLST-21, the wild boar isolates were of sequence types (STs) ST16 (n = 8) and ST153 (n = 8); the maximum genetic distance between isolates of the same ST was 28 wgMLST alleles. The ST153 isolates were restricted to the Slovenian-Croatian border and clustered together with the Croatian ST153 isolates from swine, indicating cross-border transmission of B. suis ST153 strain. The hare isolate was of ST40 and was genetically distant (≥ 489 alleles) from the wild boar isolates. The genome-wide phylogeny clearly separated different B. suis biovars. The present study is the first report on the population structure of B. suis in wildlife in Slovenia and shows that the Slovenian B. suis population is genetically heterogeneous. At the species level, B. suis biovars are clearly separated in the WGS-based phylogenetic tree and can therefore be reliably predicted using WGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Papić
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Darja Kušar
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brane Krt
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Ocepek
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jana Avberšek
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Boeri EJ, Ruybal P, Dominguez ML, Fernandez NM, Becker P, Elena S, Escobar GI, Ayala SM, Hassan DB, Trangoni MD. Higher diversity of Brucella canis in Latin America, according to an MLVA_13 Bc analysis. Acta Trop 2023; 243:106914. [PMID: 37062420 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Brucella canis is the main causative agent of canine brucellosis, which affects domestic and wild canids and leads to clinical signs and symptoms of the reproductive and locomotor systems. Owing to the scarce information on this pathogen, here we addressed the genetic diversity of the circulating strains of this species in Argentina by following an MVLA_13 Bc scheme. The analyzed sample set consisted of 101 strains of B. canis isolates collected between 2006 and 2020 from canines of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA) and other regions of Argentina, as well as 235 isolates from North America. . The analysis yielded 336 variants (Hunter-Gaston Diversity Index, HGDI equal to 1.0) showing high diversity on a global scale. The analysis of the six most variable markers also reveled high diversity and allowed further analysis regarding variant relationships. Although the diversity obtained using both schemes (all or the 6 most variable markers) was higher for the Latin American than for the North American strains, we cannot discard that this was due to biases in the sampling methodology or to the different health policies employed in these regions regarding the management of infected individuals. Altogether, the Argentine circulating strains are genetically diverse, but with no apparent geographical association. The markers used in the MLVA_13 Bc are variable and highly useful for the evaluation of outbreaks. Furthermore, the reduced panel of 6 markers (MLVA_6 Bc) proposed in this study is convenient for the study of B. canis strain diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Jorge Boeri
- Instituto de Zoonosis Luis Pasteur, Av. Diaz Velez 4821 (1.405), División Inmunología y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Sección Serología y Diagnóstico, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Paula Ruybal
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155, Departamento de Microbiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Paraguay 2157, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Luz Dominguez
- Instituto de Zoonosis Luis Pasteur, Av. Diaz Velez 4821 (1.405), División Inmunología y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Sección Serología y Diagnóstico, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Natalia Mercedes Fernandez
- Instituto de Zoonosis Luis Pasteur, Av. Diaz Velez 4821 (1.405), División Inmunología y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Sección Serología y Diagnóstico, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Paula Becker
- Instituto de Zoonosis Luis Pasteur, Av. Diaz Velez 4821 (1.405), División Inmunología y Diagnóstico, Laboratorio Sección Serología y Diagnóstico, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sebastián Elena
- Laboratorio de Referencia de la OIE para Brucelosis, Dirección General de Laboratorio y Control Técnico (DiLab), Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASA), Martínez, 1640 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gabriela Ileana Escobar
- Laboratorio de Brucelosis Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán. Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina..
| | - Sandra Marcela Ayala
- Laboratorio de Brucelosis Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán. Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina..
| | - Deborah Beatriz Hassan
- Laboratorio de Brucelosis Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán. Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos David Trangoni
- Laboratorio de Brucella, Campylobacter y Microbiota del rumen. Instituto de Biotecnología/Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IB/IABIMO), UEDD INTA-CONICET, CICVyA, CNIA, INTA Hurlingham, Argentina.
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12
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The Development of Diagnostic and Vaccine Strategies for Early Detection and Control of Human Brucellosis, Particularly in Endemic Areas. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030654. [PMID: 36992237 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is considered one of the most serious zoonotic diseases worldwide. This disease affects both human and animal health, in addition to being one of the most widespread zoonotic illnesses in the Middle East and Northern Africa. Human brucellosis generally presents in a diverse and non-specific manner, making laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis critical to the patient’s recovery. A coordinated strategy for diagnosing and controlling brucellosis throughout the Middle East is required, as this disease cannot be known to occur without reliable microbiological, molecular, and epidemiological evidence. Consequently, the current review focuses on the current and emerging microbiological diagnostic tools for the early detection and control of human brucellosis. Laboratory assays such as culturing, serology, and molecular analysis can frequently be used to diagnose brucellosis. Although serological markers and nucleic acid amplification techniques are extremely sensitive, and extensive experience has been gained with these techniques in the laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis, a culture is still considered to be the “gold standard” due to the importance of this aspect of public health and clinical care. In endemic regions, however, serological tests remain the primary method of diagnosis due to their low cost, user-friendliness, and strong ability to provide a negative prediction, so they are commonly used. A nucleic acid amplification assay, which is highly sensitive, specific, and safe, is capable of enabling rapid disease diagnosis. Patients who have reportedly fully healed may continue to have positive molecular test results for a long time. Therefore, cultures and serological methods will continue to be the main tools for diagnosing and following up on human brucellosis for as long as no commercial tests or studies demonstrate adequate interlaboratory reproducibility. As there is no approved vaccine that prevents human brucellosis, vaccination-based control of animal brucellosis has become an important part of the management of human brucellosis. Over the past few decades, several studies have been conducted to develop Brucella vaccines, but the problem of controlling brucellosis in both humans and animals remains challenging. Therefore, this review also aims to present an updated overview of the different types of brucellosis vaccines that are currently available.
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13
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Macías Luaces L, Boll K, Klose C, Domogalla-Urbansky J, Müller M, Eisenberger D, Riehm JM. Seroprevalence of Brucella Infection in Wild Boars ( Sus scrofa) of Bavaria, Germany, 2019 to 2021 and Associated Genome Analysis of Five B. suis Biovar 2 Isolates. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020478. [PMID: 36838443 PMCID: PMC9959221 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella species are highly pathogenic zoonotic agents and are found in vertebrates all over the world. To date, Germany is officially declared free from brucellosis and continuous surveillance is currently limited to farm ruminants. However, porcine brucellosis, mostly caused by B. suis biovar 2, is still found in wild boars and hares. In the present study, a three-year monitoring program was conducted focusing on the wild boar population in the state of Bavaria. Serologic screening of 11,956 animals and a direct pathogen detection approach, including a subset of 681 tissue samples, was carried out. The serologic incidence was 17.9%, which is in approximate accordance with previously published results from various European countries. Applying comparative whole genome analysis, five isolated B. suis biovar 2 strains from Bavaria could be assigned to three known European genetic lineages. One isolate was closely related to another strain recovered in Germany in 2006. Concluding, porcine brucellosis is endemic in Bavaria and the wild boar population represents a reservoir for genetically distinct B. suis biovar 2 strains. However, the transmission risk of swine brucellosis to humans and farm animals is still regarded as minor due to low zoonotic potential, awareness, and biosafety measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Macías Luaces
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Department of Animal Health, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Kerstin Boll
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Department of Animal Health, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Corinna Klose
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Department of Animal Health, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina Domogalla-Urbansky
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Department of Animal Health, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Müller
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Department of Animal Health, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Eisenberger
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Department of Animal Health, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia M. Riehm
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Department of Animal Health, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Department of Animal Health, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-6808-5178
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14
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Wareth G, Abdel-Hamid NH, Hamdy MER, Elmonir W, Beleta EIM, El-Diasty M, Abdel-Glil MY, Melzer F, Neubauer H. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of Brucella suis biovar 2 isolated from domestic pigs in Egypt for epidemiological and genetic diversity tracing. Vet Microbiol 2023; 277:109637. [PMID: 36586209 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, 14 Brucella suis biovar 2 (B. suis bv 2) strains isolated from slaughter pigs in Cairo were sequenced using Illumina technology to investigate genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and virulence-associated determinants. These strains were the first B. suis bv 2 isolates from Egypt. To place them in a global context, 92 genomes of B. suis were retrieved from the NCBI database and used for comparison. The in-silico analysis of MLST showed that all isolates have ST16. No resistome but 43 virulomes have been found without differences in distribution. The cgMLST classified the Egyptian B. suis strains into a complex type (CT) encompassing four distinct cgMLST sequence types. The closest relatives were strain B. suis 94/11 of an unknown origin and a Danish strain. Whole-genome sequencing analysis proved low diversity of Egyptian B. suis isolates; thus, a single introduction event is assumed. Investigation of a large number of B. suis isolates from different governorates is required to tailor control measures to avoid further spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Wareth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany; Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
| | - Nour H Abdel-Hamid
- Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI) P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo 12618, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud E R Hamdy
- Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI) P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo 12618, Egypt.
| | - Walid Elmonir
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine (Zoonoses), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Eman I M Beleta
- Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI) P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo 12618, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Diasty
- Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI) P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo 12618, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa Y Abdel-Glil
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Falk Melzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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15
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About F, Pastre T, Boutrou M, Martinez AY, Melzani A, Peugny S, Michaud C, Zouaoui S, Carage T, Rose VS, Demar M, Lavigne JP, Djossou F, O'Callaghan D, Epelboin L, Keriel A. Novel Species of Brucella Causing Human Brucellosis, French Guiana. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:333-340. [PMID: 36692350 PMCID: PMC9881788 DOI: 10.3201/eid2902.220725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human brucellosis is a zoonoses caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Infection results in subacute or chronic debilitating disease with nonspecific clinical manifestations and is often associated with consuming unpasteurized dairy products. We report 2 cases of brucellosis in male patients who were hospitalized in distinct towns of French Guiana, an overseas territory of France located on the northeastern shore of South America. Both men were citizens of Brazil working as clandestine goldminers in the deep Amazonian rainforest. Characterization of the 2 bacterial isolates revealed that they represent a potential new species of Brucella. Medical practitioners working in contact with wildlife in this region of the world should be aware of the existence of these pathogens and the potential for human infection.
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16
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Edao BM, Ameni G, Berg S, Tekle M, Whatmore AM, Wood JLN, van Tonder AJ, Ashford RT. Whole genome sequencing of Ethiopian Brucella abortus isolates expands the known diversity of an early branching sub-Saharan African lineage. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1128966. [PMID: 37213520 PMCID: PMC10192883 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1128966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis remains one of the most significant zoonotic diseases globally, responsible for both considerable human morbidity and economic losses due to its impacts on livestock productivity. Despite this, there remain significant evidence gaps in many low- and middle-income countries, including those of sub-Saharan Africa. Here we report the first molecular characterisation of Brucella sp. from Ethiopia. Fifteen Brucella sp. isolates from an outbreak in cattle from a herd in central Ethiopia were identified as Brucella abortus, using bacterial culture and molecular methods. Sequencing of the Ethiopian B. abortus isolates allowed their phylogenetic comparison with 411 B. abortus strains of diverse geographical origins, using whole genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (wgSNP). The Ethiopian isolates belonged to an early-branching lineage (Lineage A) previously only represented by data from two strains, both of sub-Saharan African origin (Kenya and Mozambique). A second B. abortus lineage (Lineage B), also comprised solely of strains originating from sub-Saharan Africa, was identified. The majority of strains belonged to one of two lineages of strains originating from a much broader geographical range. Further analyses based on multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) expanded the number of B. abortus strains available for comparison with the Ethiopian isolates and were consistent with the findings from wgSNP analysis. MLST profiles of the Ethiopian isolates expanded the sequence type (ST) diversity of the early branching lineage of B. abortus, equivalent to wgSNP Lineage A. A more diverse cluster of STs, equivalent to wgSNP Lineage B, was comprised solely of strains originating from sub-Saharan Africa. Similarly, analysis of B. abortus MLVA profiles (n = 1891) confirmed that the Ethiopian isolates formed a unique cluster, similar to only two existing strains, and distinct from the majority of other strains of sub-Saharan African origin. These findings expand the known diversity of an under-represented lineage of B. abortus and suggest a potential evolutionary origin for the species in East Africa. In addition to providing information concerning Brucella species extant within Ethiopia this work serves as the basis for further studies on the global population structure and evolutionary history of a major zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedaso Mammo Edao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Gobena Ameni
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stefan Berg
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - Muluken Tekle
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Adrian M. Whatmore
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
| | - James L. N. Wood
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andries J. van Tonder
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roland T. Ashford
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Roland T. Ashford,
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Ye YB, Yang JH, Li DL, Hao LH, Zhang Z, Mei SY, Zhang H, Du FY, Yv LH, Liu BS, Chen ZL. A specific reverse complement sequence for distinguishing Brucella canis from other Brucella species. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:983482. [DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.983482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine brucellosis is primarily caused by Brucella canis, but other Brucella species can also cause the disease. Identifying sequences specific to B. canis and establishing PCR assays that can distinguish between B. canis and other Brucella species is essential to determine the etiology of canine brucellosis and the source of infection and to achieve effective control. We analyzed the gaps and SNPs of genomes I and II from B. canis strain RM6/66 and B. melitensis strain 16M using the Mauve genome alignment software, and the specificity of each of these differential regions was analyzed by BLAST. A 132 bp specific sequence was found between the DK60_915 (glycosyl hydrolase 108 family protein) and DK60_917 (aldose 1-epimerase) loci in B. canis chromosome 1. Further comparative analysis revealed that this is a reverse complement sequence between B. canis and other Brucella species. Then, three primers were designed based on the sequence that could detect B. canis with a 310 bp amplification product or other Brucella species with a 413 bp product. The PCR based on these primers had reasonable specificity and a sensitivity of 100 copies of Brucella DNA. The detection results for the blood samples of the aborted dogs showed a favorable accordance with the Bruce-ladder multiplex PCR assay. In conclusion, we found a specific reverse complement sequence between B. canis and other Brucella and developed a PCR method that allows a more comprehensive identification of the pathogen involved in canine brucellosis. These findings provide an effective means for preventing and controlling brucellosis.
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Kurmanov B, Zincke D, Su W, Hadfield TL, Aikimbayev A, Karibayev T, Berdikulov M, Orynbayev M, Nikolich MP, Blackburn JK. Assays for Identification and Differentiation of Brucella Species: A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081584. [PMID: 36014002 PMCID: PMC9416531 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most important and widespread bacterial zoonoses worldwide. Cases are reported annually across the range of known infectious species of the genus Brucella. Globally, Brucella melitensis, primarily hosted by domestic sheep and goats, affects large proportions of livestock herds, and frequently spills over into humans. While some species, such as Brucella abortus, are well controlled in livestock in areas of North America, the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem supports the species in native wild ungulates with occasional spillover to livestock. Elsewhere in North America, other Brucella species still infect domestic dogs and feral swine, with some associated human cases. Brucella spp. patterns vary across space globally with B. abortus and B. melitensis the most important for livestock control. A myriad of other species within the genus infect a wide range of marine mammals, wildlife, rodents, and even frogs. Infection in humans from these others varies with geography and bacterial species. Control in humans is primarily achieved through livestock vaccination and culling and requires accurate and rapid species confirmation; vaccination is Brucella spp.-specific and typically targets single livestock species for distribution. Traditional bacteriology methods are slow (some media can take up to 21 days for bacterial growth) and often lack the specificity of molecular techniques. Here, we summarize the molecular techniques for confirming and identifying specific Brucella species and provide recommendations for selecting the appropriate methods based on need, sensitivity, and laboratory capabilities/technology. As vaccination/culling approaches are costly and logistically challenging, proper diagnostics and species identification are critical tools for targeting surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berzhan Kurmanov
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Diansy Zincke
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Wanwen Su
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Ted L. Hadfield
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alim Aikimbayev
- Scientific Practical Center for Sanitary Epidemiological Expertise and Monitoring, Ministry of Health, Almaty 050008, Kazakhstan
| | - Talgat Karibayev
- National Reference Veterinary Center, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxat Berdikulov
- National Reference Veterinary Center, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Mukhit Orynbayev
- Research Institute for Biological Special Problems, Otar, Zhambyl 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Mikeljon P. Nikolich
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Jason K. Blackburn
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence:
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19
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Gold Nanoparticles Prepared with Cyclodextrin Applied to Rapid Vertical Flow Technology for the Detection of Brucellosis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070531. [PMID: 35884334 PMCID: PMC9312826 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, brucellosis seriously threatens the health of humans and animals and hinders the development of animal husbandry. However, the diagnostic methods for brucellosis have some disadvantages, such as low sensitivity, long detection time, professional operation, and high cost. This study aims to establish a convenient, fast, effective, and inexpensive detection method for brucellosis. Gold nanoparticles with β-cyclodextrin as a reducing agent were prepared and optimized, applied to rapid vertical flow technology (RVFT), and used to establish a kit for the detection of brucellosis. In this study, gold nanoparticles prepared from β-cyclodextrin were applied to RVFT for the first time, and on this basis, silver staining amplification technology was introduced, which further improved the sensitivity and reduced the detection limit of this method. Standard Brucella-Positive Serum (containing Brucella antibody at 4000 IU/mL) could be detected in this system even for a dilution factor of 1 × 10−3. The detection limit was 4 IU/mL. RVFT is simple to operate, has a short reaction time, and is 5–6 min visible to the naked eye, without any equipment.
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20
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Elmonir W, Abdel-Hamid NH, Hamdy MER, Beleta EIM, El-Diasty M, Melzer F, Wareth G, Neubauer H. Isolation and molecular confirmation of Brucella suis biovar 2 from slaughtered pigs: an unanticipated biovar from domestic pigs in Egypt. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:224. [PMID: 35698071 PMCID: PMC9195200 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucella suis is a zoonotic pathogen with a serious impact on public health and the pig industry worldwide. Information regarding B. suis in pigs in Egypt is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of B. suis in slaughtered domestic pigs at El-Basatin abattoir in Cairo, Egypt. A total of 1,116 domestic pigs slaughtered in 2020 were sampled for Brucella isolation and identification. Identified Brucella isolates were molecularly confirmed at species, and biovar levels using Bruce ladder PCR and Suis ladder multiplex PCR. Additionally, high-risk practices of 16 abattoir workers (4 veterinarians, 10 butchering and evisceration workers, and 2 scalding workers) were investigated using a pre-piloted structured questionnaire. Results Brucella isolates were recovered from 1.3% of examined pigs (n = 14) at consistently low rates (1.1—2.9%) across the year of sampling from February to December 2020. All isolates were confirmed as B. suis biovar (bv) 2. Remarkably, 92.9% (13/14) of isolates showed atypical ability to produce H2S and hence were considered as B. suis bv2 atypical phenotype. The prevalence was higher in males (1.8%) than in females (0.9). However, this difference was not significant (Odds ratio = 1.9; CI 95% 0.7 – 5.7; P = 0.2). No detectable pathological lesions were associated with B. suis bv2 infection in examined pigs. All strains were isolated from cervical lymph nodes, highlighting a potential oral transmission. High-risk practices were recorded among swine abattoir workers in this study: 75% do not wear gloves or disinfect their knives daily, and 18.8% were willing to work with open wound injuries. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first isolation of B. suis bv2 in Egypt. Detection of H2S producing B. suis bv2 atypical phenotype is alarming as it may result in misinterpretation of these isolates as highly human pathogenic B. suis bv1 in Egypt and possibly elsewhere. Further epidemiological tracing studies are crucial for the detection of the origin of this biovar. Including pigs in the national surveillance program of brucellosis, and an education program for swine abattoir workers about occupational risk of B. suis is a need in Egypt. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03332-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Elmonir
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine (Zoonoses), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Nour H Abdel-Hamid
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo, 12618, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E R Hamdy
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo, 12618, Egypt
| | - Eman I M Beleta
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo, 12618, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Diasty
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo, 12618, Egypt
| | - Falk Melzer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonosis, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Gamal Wareth
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonosis, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, PO Box 13736, Toukh, Moshtohor, Egypt.
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonosis, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
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21
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Loperena-Barber M, Khames M, Leclercq SO, Zygmunt MS, Babot ED, Zúñiga-Ripa A, Gutiérrez A, Oumouna M, Moriyón I, Cloeckaert A, Conde-Álvarez R. Pseudochrobactrum algeriensis sp. nov., isolated from lymph nodes of Algerian cattle. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72:005223. [PMID: 35133261 PMCID: PMC9836036 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Three Gram-negative, rod-shaped, oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile strains (C130915_07T, C150915_16 and C150915_17) were isolated from lymph nodes of Algerian cows. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene and whole genome similarities, the isolates were almost identical and clearly grouped in the genus Pseudochrobactrum. This allocation was confirmed by the analysis of fatty acids (C19:cyclo, C18 : 1, C18 : 0, C16 : 1 and C16 : 0) and of polar lipids (major components: phosphatidylethanolamine, ornithine-lipids, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin and phosphatidylcholine, plus moderate amounts of phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine and other aminolipids). Genomic, physiological and biochemical data differentiated these isolates from previously described Pseudochrobactrum species in DNA relatedness, carbon assimilation pattern and growth temperature range. Thus, these organisms represent a novel species of the genus Pseudochrobactrum, for which the name Pseudochrobactrum algeriensis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain C130915_07T=CECT30232T=LMG 32378T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Loperena-Barber
- Dpto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mammar Khames
- Laboratory of Experimental Biology and Pharmacology. Department of Biology, University of Medea, 26000 Medea, Algeria
| | | | | | - Esteban D. Babot
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012-Seville, Spain
| | - Amaia Zúñiga-Ripa
- Dpto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012-Seville, Spain
| | - Mustapha Oumouna
- Laboratory of Experimental Biology and Pharmacology. Department of Biology, University of Medea, 26000 Medea, Algeria
| | - Ignacio Moriyón
- Dpto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Conde-Álvarez
- Dpto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Raquel Conde-Álvarez,
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22
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Phenotypic and molecular identification of Brucella suis biotype 1 in a pig from Brazil-case report. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 53:487-489. [PMID: 34510396 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with a global impact. Brucella suis is one of the most pathogenic species to humans, requiring different measures for the control and/or eradication of the disease. The serological investigation for brucellosis was performed in pigs, horses, dogs, and cattle on a farm with a history of abortion in sows and necropsy of a boar with severe necrosuppurative orchitis. One sow, two cows, and two dogs reveled positive to Rose Bengal Test (RBT), although only the sow had a confirmatory outcome in 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). The 2-ME-positive sow was euthanized and microbiological culture of lymph nodes and liver followed by biochemical characterization allowed phenotypic characterization of Brucella suis biotype 1. PCR multiplex Bruce-ladder and Suis-ladder enabled molecular confirmation, respectively, of Brucella suis and biotype 1. The transmission aspects of B. suis to pigs and other domestic species, the combination of diagnostic procedures to diagnosis, as well as human health concerns of brucellosis are discussed.
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23
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Whatmore AM, Foster JT. Emerging diversity and ongoing expansion of the genus Brucella. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 92:104865. [PMID: 33872784 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable genetic diversity and breadth of host species has been uncovered in the Brucella genus over the past decade, fundamentally changing our concept of what it means to be a Brucella. From ocean fishes and marine mammals, to pond dwelling amphibians, forest foxes, desert rodents, and cave-dwelling bats, Brucella have revealed a variety of previously unknown niches. Classical microbiological techniques have been able to help us classify many of these new strains but at times have limited our ability to see the true relationships among or within species. The closest relatives of Brucella are soil bacteria and the adaptations of Brucella spp. to live intracellularly suggest that the genus has evolved to live in vertebrate hosts. Several recently discovered species appear to have phenotypes that are intermediate between soil bacteria and core Brucella, suggesting that they may represent ancestral traits that were subsequently lost in the traditional species. Remarkably, the broad relationships among Brucella species using a variety of sequence and fragment-based approaches have been upheld when using comparative genomics with whole genomes. Nonetheless, genomes are required for fine-scale resolution of many of the relationships and for understanding the evolutionary history of the genus. We expect that the coming decades will reveal many more hosts and previously unknown diversity in a wide range of environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Whatmore
- OIE and FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Jeffrey T Foster
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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24
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Canine brucellosis in Costa Rica reveals widespread Brucella canis infection and the recent introduction of foreign strains. Vet Microbiol 2021; 257:109072. [PMID: 33965789 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a prevalent disease in Costa Rica (CR), with an increasing number of human infections. Close to half of homes in CR have one or more dogs, corresponding to ∼1.4 million canines, most of them in the Central Valley within or near the cities of San José, Heredia, and Alajuela. From 302 dog sera collected from this region, 19 were positive for Brucella canis antigens, and five had antibodies against smooth lipopolysaccharide, suggesting infections by both B. canis and other Brucella species. B. canis strains were isolated in the Central Valley from 26 kennel dogs and three pet dogs, all displaying clinical signs of canine brucellosis. We detected three recent introductions of different B. canis strains in kennels: two traced from Mexico and one from Panama. Multiple locus-variable number tandem repeats (MLVA-16) and whole-genome sequencing (WGSA) analyses showed that B. canis CR strains comprise three main lineages. The tree topologies obtained by WGSA and MLVA-16 just partially agreed, indicating that the latter analysis is not suitable for phylogenetic studies. The fatty acid methyl ester analysis resolved five different B. canis groups, showing less resolution power than the MLVA-16 and WGSA. Lactobacillic acid was absent in linages I and II but present in linage III, supporting the recent introductions of B. canis strains from Mexico. B. canis displaying putative functional cyclopropane synthase for the synthesis of lactobacillic acid are phylogenetically intertwined with B. canis with non-functional protein, indicating that mutations have occurred independently in the various lineages.
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25
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Spicic S, Zdelar-Tuk M, Ponsart C, Hendriksen RS, Reil I, Girault G, Leekitcharoenphon P, Rukavina V, Rubin M, Freddi L, Duvnjak S. New Brucella variant isolated from Croatian cattle. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:126. [PMID: 33743687 PMCID: PMC7981855 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02833-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A novel Brucella strain closely related to Brucella (B.) melitensis biovar (bv) 3 was found in Croatian cattle during testing within a brucellosis eradication programme. Case presentation Standardised serological, brucellin skin test, bacteriological and molecular diagnostic screening for Brucella infection led to positive detection in one dairy cattle herd. Three isolates from that herd were identified to species level using the Bruce ladder method. Initially, two strains were typed as B. melitensis and one as B. abortus, but multiplex PCR based on IS711 and the Suis ladder showed that all of them to belong to B. melitensis, and the combination of whole-genome and multi-locus sequencing as well as Multi-Locus Variable numbers of tandem repeats Analysis (MLVA) highlighted a strong proximity within the phylogenetic branch of B. melitensis strains previously isolated from Croatia, Albania, Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Two isolates were determined to be B. melitensis bv. 3, while the third showed a unique phylogenetic profile, growth profile on dyes and bacteriophage typing results. This isolate contained the 609-bp omp31 sequence, but not the 723-bp omp31 sequence present in the two isolates of B. melitensis bv. 3. Conclusions Identification of a novel Brucella variant in this geographic region is predictable given the historic endemicity of brucellosis. The emergence of a new variant may reflect a combination of high prevalence among domestic ruminants and humans as well as weak eradication strategies. The zoonotic potential, reservoirs and transmission pathways of this and other Brucella variants should be explored. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02833-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Spicic
- Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska street 143, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska street 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Claire Ponsart
- French Agency for Food, Environmental & Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Bacterial Zoonoses Unit - Animal Health Laboratory, National & OIE/FAO Animal Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, EU Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, Cedex, France
| | - Rene S Hendriksen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Kemitorvet, Building 204, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irena Reil
- Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska street 143, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Guillaume Girault
- French Agency for Food, Environmental & Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Bacterial Zoonoses Unit - Animal Health Laboratory, National & OIE/FAO Animal Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, EU Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, Cedex, France
| | - Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Kemitorvet, Building 204, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vesna Rukavina
- Ministry of Agriculture, Veterinary and Food Safety Directorate, Veterinary Office Sisak, Branch Office Glina, Trg bana Josipa Jelačića 2, 44 400, Glina, Croatia
| | - Martina Rubin
- Ministry of Agriculture, Veterinary and Food Safety Directorate, Department for Veterinary Epidemiology, Planinska 2a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luca Freddi
- French Agency for Food, Environmental & Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Bacterial Zoonoses Unit - Animal Health Laboratory, National & OIE/FAO Animal Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, EU Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons-Alfort, Cedex, France
| | - Sanja Duvnjak
- Department of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonosis and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska street 143, Zagreb, Croatia
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26
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Brucella species circulating in rural and periurban dairy cattle farms: a comparative study in an endemic area. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:200. [PMID: 33686494 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is among the most important zoonotic infectious diseases worldwide affecting both humans and domestic animals. The present study aimed to determine and compare the seroprevalence of brucellosis among rural and periurban dairy cattle farms of four Iranian provinces from 2017 to 2019. We applied different serological tests, including RBT, SAT, and iELISA to evaluate the brucellosis prevalence among 2808 dairy cattle. Species-specific multiplex PCR and biotyping tests were also used to further identify the implicated Brucella species. Serological screening using RBT, SAT, and iELISA led to 157 (5.6%), 112 (3.9%), and 139 (4.9%) positive results among tested cattle, respectively. Brucella abortus biovars 1 (2 cases) and biovars 3 (42 cases) were identified by biotyping experiments and multiplex PCR in all 44 tested lymph node samples. Further, Cohen's kappa statistical analysis revealed that the best degree of agreement was seen between RBT and iELISA (99.4%), followed by SAT/iELISA (98.5%) and finally RBT/SAT (98.4%). Our results also showed a significantly lower seroprevalence of brucellosis in periurban dairy cattle when compared to rural dairy cattle population (p value= 0.01). These results reflect the need for better vaccine coverage using RB51 combined with an appropriate test-and-slaughter program in the rural dairy cattle population.
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27
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Santos RL, Souza TD, Mol JPS, Eckstein C, Paíxão TA. Canine Brucellosis: An Update. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:594291. [PMID: 33738302 PMCID: PMC7962550 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.594291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine brucellosis is an infectious and zoonotic disease caused by Brucella canis, which has been reported worldwide, and is a major public health concern due to close contact between dogs and humans. In dogs, canine brucellosis manifests with abortion outbreaks, reproductive failure, enlargement of lymph nodes, and occasionally affects the osteoarticular system, although the occurrence of asymptomatic infections in dogs are not uncommon. In humans, the disease is associated with a febrile syndrome, commonly with non-specific symptoms including splenomegaly, fatigue, and weakness. Infection of dogs occurs mostly by the oronasal route when in contact with contaminated tissues such as aborted fetuses, semen, urine, and vaginal secretions. In humans, contact with contaminated fluids from infected dogs is an important source of infection, and it is an occupational risk for veterinarians, breeders, laboratory workers, among other professionals who deal with infected animals or biological samples. The diagnosis in dogs is largely based on serologic methods. However, serologic diagnosis of canine brucellosis remains very challenging due to the low accuracy of available tests. Molecular diagnostic methods have been increasingly used in the past few years. Treatment of infected dogs is associated with a high frequency of relapse, and should be employed only in selected cases. Currently there are no commercially available vaccines for prevention of canine brucellosis. Therefore, development of novel and improved diagnostic methods as well as the development of efficacious and safe vaccination protocols are needed for an effective control of canine brucellosis and its associated zoonotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato L Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tayse D Souza
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana P S Mol
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila Eckstein
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tatiane A Paíxão
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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28
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Fredriksson-Ahomaa M, London L, Skrzypczak T, Kantala T, Laamanen I, Biström M, Maunula L, Gadd T. Foodborne Zoonoses Common in Hunted Wild Boars. ECOHEALTH 2020; 17:512-522. [PMID: 33326058 PMCID: PMC8192372 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-020-01509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The northern European wild boar population has increased during the last decade. Highest wild boar numbers in Finland have been reported in the southeastern part near the Russian border. Wild boars may be infected with several human and animal pathogens. In this study, we investigated the presence of important foodborne pathogens in wild boars hunted in 2016 in Finland using serology, PCR and culturing. Seroprevalence of Salmonella (38%) and Yersinia (56%) infections was high in wild boars. Antibodies to hepatitis E virus, Toxoplasma gondii and Brucella were found in 18%, 9% and 9% of the wild boars, respectively. Trichinella antibodies were detected in 1% of the animals. We recorded no differences in the seroprevalence between males and females. However, Yersinia and T. gondii antibodies were detected significantly more often in adults than in young individuals. Listeria monocytogenes (48%) and stx-positive Escherichia coli (33%) determinants were frequently detected in the visceral organs (spleen and kidneys) by PCR. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O:1 and L. monocytogenes 2a and 4b were identified by culturing from the PCR-positive samples. Brucella suis biovar 2 was isolated from visceral organs. No African swine fever, classical swine fever or Aujeszky's disease were detected in the wild boars. Our study shows that wild boars are important reservoirs of foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Laura London
- Virology Unit, Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teresa Skrzypczak
- Veterinary Bacteriology and Pathology Unit, Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuija Kantala
- Virology Unit, Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Laamanen
- Virology Unit, Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mia Biström
- Veterinary Bacteriology and Pathology Unit, Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Maunula
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuija Gadd
- Virology Unit, Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland
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Gumaa MM, Li Z, Cao X, Zhang N, Lou Z, Zhou J, Fu B. Specific Detection and Differentiation Between Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus by a Duplex Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:539679. [PMID: 33330681 PMCID: PMC7732630 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.539679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by a species under the genus Brucella. A duplex recombinase polymerase amplification (Duplex RPA) assay for the specific detection of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus was developed in this study. Primers were designed targeting hypothetical protein genes and membrane transporter genes of B. melitensis and B. abortus, respectively. The newly developed assay was validated for its analytical sensitivity and specificity. Different samples were collected from the Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang provinces. After DNA extraction, the samples were analyzed by Duplex RPA, real-time PCR, and multiplex AMOS PCR to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and yak in West China. The analytical sensitivities of Duplex RPA were 9 × 102 plasmid copies of B. melitensis and 9 × 101 plasmid copies of B. abortus, but by mixing the reaction tubes after 4 min of incubation, the sensitivities were 4 × 100 and 5 × 100 copies of B. melitensis and B. abortus, respectively. There was no cross-reactivity with Brucella suis, Chlamydia abortus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Toxoplasma gondii. The screening of field samples by Duplex RPA revealed that the prevalence of B. melitensis in sheep and yak was 75.8% and the prevalence of B. abortus was 4.8%. Multiplex AMOS PCR showed that the prevalence of B. melitensis was 19.3%, and that of B. abortus was 4.8%. It was concluded that the developed Duplex RPA is sensitive and specific to the detection of and differentiation between B. melitensis and B. abortus which will be useful in epidemiological surveillance and in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Gumaa
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Kassala Veterinary Research Laboratory, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Animal Resources Research Corporation, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Zhaocai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nianzhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongzi Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jizhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baoquan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Boeri EJ, Madariaga MJ, Dominguez ML, Teijeiro ML, Fernandez NM, Elena SA, Trangoni MD. Brucella canis Group 2 isolated in Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol 2020; 53:98-103. [PMID: 33176954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the diversity and prevalence of both groups of Brucella canis 1 and 2 with and without deletion respectively in different areas of Argentina. A total of 104 bacterial cultures were typed as B. canis strains using the classical biotyping method. Two PCR assays were performed to confirm that all isolates were B. canis and not Brucella suis. The differentiation between groups 1 and 2 was achieved using another PCR assay and the diversity of B. canis isolates was assessed with four MLVA_16 markers. All strains belonged to Group 2. Bruce 09 marker (MLVA_16 assay) showed the greatest diversity. Only Group 2 of B. canis was identified among the strains evaluated. The markers chosen from the MLVA_16 allowed us to detect genetic diversity among the strains of B. canis studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Jorge Boeri
- Instituto de Zoonosis Luis Pasteur, Av. Diaz Velez 4821 (1405), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Julia Madariaga
- Instituto de Zoonosis Luis Pasteur, Av. Diaz Velez 4821 (1405), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Luz Dominguez
- Instituto de Zoonosis Luis Pasteur, Av. Diaz Velez 4821 (1405), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Luisa Teijeiro
- Instituto de Zoonosis Luis Pasteur, Av. Diaz Velez 4821 (1405), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Mercedes Fernandez
- Instituto de Zoonosis Luis Pasteur, Av. Diaz Velez 4821 (1405), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Alejandro Elena
- Laboratorio de Referencia de la OIE para Brucelosis, Dirección General de Laboratorio y Control Técnico (DiLab), Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASA), Martínez, 1640 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos David Trangoni
- Laboratorio de Brucella, Campylobacter y Microbiota, Instituto de Biotecnología-IABIMO, INTA-CONICET, CICVyA-CNIA INTA Hurlingham, Argentina
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Isolation and Identification of Two Brucella Species from a Volcanic Lake in Mexico. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3565-3572. [PMID: 32897398 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonosis caused by bacteria of the Brucella genus. Any source of contamination that could be infectious must be monitored to reduce the risk of exposure to brucellosis, so the purpose of this work was to determine the presence of Brucella spp. on surface water and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin from a volcanic lake in Mexico. A seasonal sampling during 2016-2017 was carried out at fifteen specific sites for water sampling and five sites for the collection of tilapia fish. From all water and fish samples tested, we found only three isolates of Brucella species. We isolated and identified B. abortus from surface water through bacteriological and molecular techniques, and B. abortus and B. suis from the same tilapia skin sample. The isolated strains likely came from breeding animals that are common to the region, such as infected pigs or cattle with Brucella abortus or B. suis, respectively. A similar finding has not been reported in a water from volcanic lake or tilapia fish in Mexico. We concluded that B. abortus and B. suis are present on the surface water of the volcanic lake and tilapia skin as possible contaminants derived from biological material from cows and pigs carrying this bacterium.
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Stahl JP, Bru JP, Gehanno JF, Herrmann JL, Castan B, Deffontaines G, Sotto A, Lepelletier D, Tattevin P, Godefroy N, Haddad E, Mailles A, Lavigne JP. Guidelines for the management of accidental exposure to Brucella in a country with no case of brucellosis in ruminant animals. Med Mal Infect 2020; 50:480-485. [PMID: 32442670 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J P Stahl
- Infectiologie, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, 38043 Grenoble, France.
| | - J P Bru
- Infectiologie, centre hospitalier Annecy-Genevois, Annecy, France.
| | - J F Gehanno
- Médecine du travail, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France.
| | | | - B Castan
- Infectiologie, centre hospitalier Périgueux, Périgueux, France.
| | - G Deffontaines
- Médecine du travail, mutualité sociale agricole, France.
| | - A Sotto
- Infectiologie, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France; Centre national de référence Brucella, microbiologie, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France.
| | | | - P Tattevin
- Maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale, hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France.
| | - N Godefroy
- Infectiologie, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - E Haddad
- Maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale, hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France.
| | - A Mailles
- Direction des maladies infectieuses, santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France.
| | - J P Lavigne
- Centre national de référence Brucella, microbiologie, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France.
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Wareth G, Pletz MW, Neubauer H, Murugaiyan J. Proteomics of Brucella: Technologies and Their Applications for Basic Research and Medical Microbiology. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050766. [PMID: 32443785 PMCID: PMC7285364 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a global zoonosis caused by Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria of the genus Brucella (B.). Proteomics has been used to investigate a few B. melitensis and B. abortus strains, but data for other species and biovars are limited. Hence, a comprehensive analysis of proteomes will significantly contribute to understanding the enigmatic biology of brucellae. For direct identification and typing of Brucella, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization - time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI - TOF MS) has become a reliable tool for routine diagnosis due to its ease of handling, price and sensitivity highlighting the potential of proteome-based techniques. Proteome analysis will also help to overcome the historic but still notorious Brucella obstacles of infection medicine, the lack of safe and protective vaccines and sensitive serologic diagnostic tools by identifying the most efficient protein antigens. This perspective summarizes past and recent developments in Brucella proteomics with a focus on species identification and serodiagnosis. Future applications of proteomics in these fields are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Wareth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany;
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-364-1804-2296
| | - Mathias W. Pletz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Centre for Infectious Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM University AP, Neerukonda, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh 522502, India
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Yang X, Wang N, Cao X, Bie P, Xing Z, Yin S, Jiang H, Wu Q. First isolation and characterization of Brucella suis from yak. Genome 2020; 63:397-405. [PMID: 32384250 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2019-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brucella spp., facultative intracellular pathogens that can persistently colonize animal host cells and cause zoonosis, affect public health and safety. A Brucella strain was isolated from yak in Qinghai Province. To detect whether this isolate could cause an outbreak of brucellosis and to reveal its genetic characteristics, several typing and whole-genome sequencing methods were applied to identify its species and genetic characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis based on MLVA and whole-genome sequencing revealed the genetic characteristics of the isolated strain. The results showed that the isolated strain is a B. suis biovar 1 smooth strain, and this isolate was named B. suis QH05. The results of comparative genomics and MLVA showed that B. suis QH05 is not a vaccine strain. Comparison with other B. suis strains isolated from humans and animals indicated that B. suis QH05 may be linked to specific animal and human sources. In conclusion, B. suis QH05 does not belong to the Brucella epidemic species in China, and as the first isolation of B. suis from yak, this strain expands the host range of B. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pengfei Bie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhifeng Xing
- Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haerbin 150030, China
| | - Shihui Yin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haerbin 150030, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qingmin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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The expression of type II TA system genes following exposure to the sub-inhibitory concentration of gentamicin and acid stress in Brucella spp. Microb Pathog 2020; 144:104194. [PMID: 32289464 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is one of the most common diseases that afflicts both humans and animals. Bacteria react to stress conditions using different mechanisms one of which is Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) systems. It is believed that the Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) systems have a key role in the chronicity of the disease. This study investigated the expression of TA system genes under acid and antibiotic stresses in Brucella spp. METHODS Fifty Brucella isolates (17 isolated from animals and 31 isolated from human specimens, and two standard strains) were analyzed using PCR (using two pairs of primers). Then, to determine the effects of sub-MIC of gentamicin on bacterial survival and growth, colony forming unit was quantitated and turbidity was assessed following the treatment of Brucella spp, with ½ MIC of gentamicin at different time intervals. Furthermore, the colony forming unit of Brucella spp, was assessed under acid stress (pH = 5.5) compared to the control (pH = 7.6). Moreover, the expression of TA system genes in Brucella spp, was evaluated 1 h after treatment using qRT-PCR method. RESULTS A total of 50 isolates, including 41 (82%) Brucella melitensis and 7 (14%) Brucella abortus with two standard strains Brucella melitensis (16 M) and Brucella abortus (B19) were investigated. Our results revealed the reduced growth of Brucella spp. in the presence of sub-MIC of gentamicin compared to the control. Furthermore, according to the results of qRT-PCR assay, gentamicin could increase the expression of TA system genes. Also, results of qRT-PCR showed that under acid stress, the expression of TA system gene COGT/COGAT decreased compared to the control. CONCLUSION Although the exact role of the TA systems in response to stress is still unclear, our study provided information on the effect of the type II TA systems under the acid and antibiotic stress conditions. However, further studies are still required.
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Amraei F, Narimisa N, Sadeghi Kalani B, Lohrasbi V, Masjedian Jazi F. Persister cells formation and expression of type II Toxin-Antitoxin system genes in Brucella melitensis (16M) and Brucella abortus (B19). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 15:127-133. [PMID: 32215028 PMCID: PMC7081757 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.118902.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Persister cells are defined as a subpopulation of bacteria that are capable of reducing their metabolism and switching to dormancy in stress conditions. Persister cells formation has been attributed to numerous mechanisms, including stringent response and Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) systems. This study aimed to investigate the hypothetical role of TA systems in persister cells formation of Brucella strains by evaluating toxins of type II TA systems (RelE, Fic, BrnT, cogT) expression. Methods: Brucella strains treated with a lethal dose of gentamicin and ampicillin and to determine the number of surviving cells, bacterial colonies were counted at different time intervals. The role of TA systems in persister cell formation was then determined by toxin expression levels using qRT- PCR method. Results: Our results showed the viability of persister cells after 7 h. The results of relative qRT- PCR showed higher levels of toxin gene expression due to stress conditions, suggesting the possible role of TA systems in persister cells formation and antibiotics tolerance. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that considering the importance of persistence and the tolerance to antibiotics, further studies on persister cells formation and related genes such as the TA system genes in Brucella strains might help us to identify the precise mechanisms leading to persister cells formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Amraei
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Narimisa
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Lohrasbi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faramarz Masjedian Jazi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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García Lobo JM, Ortiz Y, Gonzalez-Riancho C, Seoane A, Arellano-Reynoso B, Sangari FJ. Polymorphisms in Brucella Carbonic Anhydrase II Mediate CO 2 Dependence and Fitness in vivo. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2751. [PMID: 31921002 PMCID: PMC6915039 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Some Brucella isolates are known to require an increased concentration of CO2 for growth, especially in the case of primary cultures obtained directly from infected animals. Moreover, the different Brucella species and biovars show a characteristic pattern of CO2 requirement, and this trait has been included among the routine typing tests used for species and biovar differentiation. By comparing the differences in gene content among different CO2-dependent and CO2-independent Brucella strains, we have confirmed that carbonic anhydrase (CA) II is the enzyme responsible for this phenotype in all the Brucella strains tested. Brucella species contain two CAs of the β family, CA I and CA II; genetic polymorphisms exist for both of them in different isolates, but only those putatively affecting the activity of CA II correlate with the CO2 requirement of the corresponding isolate. Analysis of these polymorphisms does not allow the determination of CA I functionality, while the polymorphisms in CA II consist of small deletions that cause a frameshift that changes the C-terminus of the protein, probably affecting its dimerization status, essential for the activity. CO2-independent mutants arise easily in vitro, although with a low frequency ranging from 10–6 to 10–10 depending on the strain. These mutants carry compensatory mutations that produce a full-length CA II. At the same time, no change was observed in the sequence coding for CA I. A competitive index assay designed to evaluate the fitness of a CO2-dependent strain compared to its corresponding CO2-independent strain revealed that while there is no significant difference when the bacteria are grown in culture plates, growth in vivo in a mouse model of infection provides a significant advantage to the CO2-dependent strain. This could explain why some Brucella isolates are CO2 dependent in primary isolation. The polymorphism described here also allows the in silico determination of the CO2 requirement status of any Brucella strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M García Lobo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Yelina Ortiz
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Candela Gonzalez-Riancho
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Asunción Seoane
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Beatriz Arellano-Reynoso
- Departamento de Microbiología, Delegación Coyoacán, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Félix J Sangari
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC - Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Aragón-Aranda B, de Miguel MJ, Martínez-Gómez E, Zúñiga-Ripa A, Salvador-Bescós M, Moriyón I, Iriarte M, Muñoz PM, Conde-Álvarez R. Rev1 wbdR tagged vaccines against Brucella ovis. Vet Res 2019; 50:95. [PMID: 31730501 PMCID: PMC6858679 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep brucellosis is a worldwide extended disease caused by B. melitensis and B. ovis, two species respectively carrying smooth or rough lipopolysaccharide. Vaccine B. melitensis Rev1 is used against B. melitensis and B. ovis but induces an anti-smooth-lipopolysaccharide response interfering with B. melitensis serodiagnosis, which precludes its use against B. ovis where B. melitensis is absent. In mice, Rev1 deleted in wbkC (Brucella lipopolysaccharide formyl-transferase) and carrying wbdR (E. coli acetyl-transferase) triggered antibodies that could be differentiated from those evoked by wild-type strains, was comparatively attenuated and protected against B. ovis, suggesting its potential as a B. ovis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Aragón-Aranda
- Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) and Dpto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Jesús de Miguel
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Av. Montañana 930, 50059, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Estrella Martínez-Gómez
- Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) and Dpto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Zúñiga-Ripa
- Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) and Dpto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Salvador-Bescós
- Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) and Dpto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moriyón
- Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) and Dpto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Iriarte
- Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) and Dpto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pilar M Muñoz
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Av. Montañana 930, 50059, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Raquel Conde-Álvarez
- Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA) and Dpto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, c/Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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Jaÿ M, Freddi L, Mick V, Durand B, Girault G, Perrot L, Taunay B, Vuilmet T, Azam D, Ponsart C, Zanella G. Brucella microti-like prevalence in French farms producing frogs. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:617-625. [PMID: 31574213 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the last 10 years, many atypical novel members of Brucella species have been reported, including several Brucella inopinata-like strains in wild-caught and "exotic" amphibians from various continents. In 2017, a strain of Brucella was isolated for the first time in animals from a French farm producing frogs-Pelophylax ridibundus-for human consumption and identified as B. microti-like. Following this first isolation, investigations were performed in this farm as well as in the farm of the research unit that provided the domestic frog strain to estimate the prevalence of B. microti-like infection and its presence in the surrounding environment. Farming practices were investigated and samples including frogs at different development stages, surface tank swabs, water, feed and soil were analysed by real-time PCR and bacteriological methods. High B. microti-like prevalence values (higher than 90%) were obtained in frog samples in the commercial farm, and its presence was highlighted in the environmental samples except feed. In the research unit farm, B. microti-like species was also isolated and detected in frog and environmental samples. These results show that B. microti-like organisms are able to colonize amphibians and persist in their environment. Its presence could constitute a possible risk for consumers and workers proving the importance of assessing the zoonotic and pathogenic potentials of these new and atypical Brucella species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryne Jaÿ
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Luca Freddi
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Virginie Mick
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Benoit Durand
- Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory for Animal Health, ANSES, University Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Guillaume Girault
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ludivine Perrot
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Benoit Taunay
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thomas Vuilmet
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Didier Azam
- U3E, Ecologie et Ecotoxicologie aquatique, INRA, pôle Gest'Aqua, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Ponsart
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gina Zanella
- Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory for Animal Health, ANSES, University Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Guzmán-Verri C, Suárez-Esquivel M, Ruíz-Villalobos N, Zygmunt MS, Gonnet M, Campos E, Víquez-Ruiz E, Chacón-Díaz C, Aragón-Aranda B, Conde-Álvarez R, Moriyón I, Blasco JM, Muñoz PM, Baker KS, Thomson NR, Cloeckaert A, Moreno E. Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of the Etiological Agent of Canine Orchiepididymitis Smooth Brucella sp. BCCN84.3. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:175. [PMID: 31231665 PMCID: PMC6568212 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Brucella cluster in two phylogenetic groups: classical and non-classical species. The former group is composed of Brucella species that cause disease in mammals, including humans. A Brucella species, labeled as Brucella sp. BCCN84.3, was isolated from the testes of a Saint Bernard dog suffering orchiepididymitis, in Costa Rica. Following standard microbiological methods, the bacterium was first defined as “Brucella melitensis biovar 2.” Further molecular typing, identified the strain as an atypical “Brucella suis.” Distinctive Brucella sp. BCCN84.3 markers, absent in other Brucella species and strains, were revealed by fatty acid methyl ester analysis, high resolution melting PCR and omp25 and omp2a/omp2b gene diversity. Analysis of multiple loci variable number of tandem repeats and whole genome sequencing demonstrated that this isolate was different from the currently described Brucella species. The smooth Brucella sp. BCCN84.3 clusters together with the classical Brucella clade and displays all the genes required for virulence. Brucella sp. BCCN84.3 is a species nova taxonomical entity displaying pathogenicity; therefore, relevant for differential diagnoses in the context of brucellosis. Considering the debate on the Brucella species concept, there is a need to describe the extant taxonomical entities of these pathogens in order to understand the dispersion and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Guzmán-Verri
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.,Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marcela Suárez-Esquivel
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Nazareth Ruíz-Villalobos
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Michel S Zygmunt
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Mathieu Gonnet
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Elena Campos
- Centro Nacional de Referencia en Bacteriología, Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Eunice Víquez-Ruiz
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos Chacón-Díaz
- Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Beatriz Aragón-Aranda
- IDISNA and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raquel Conde-Álvarez
- IDISNA and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moriyón
- IDISNA and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José María Blasco
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar M Muñoz
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Kate S Baker
- Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom.,Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R Thomson
- Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Cloeckaert
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Edgardo Moreno
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
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Buhmann G, Paul F, Herbst W, Melzer F, Wolf G, Hartmann K, Fischer A. Canine Brucellosis: Insights Into the Epidemiologic Situation in Europe. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:151. [PMID: 31214601 PMCID: PMC6554662 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella canis is one of many responsible pathogens of discospondylitis in dogs and infections require specific management. Little is known about the epidemiologic situation in Europe. The purpose of the study was to get insights into the occurrence of brucellosis in dogs in Europe. The database of a European veterinary laboratory was screened for Brucella positive samples. Additionally, medical records of a veterinary hospital in Germany were screened for diagnosis of discospondylitis and brucellosis. The laboratory received samples from 20 European countries for Brucella testing in dogs: 3.7% of submitted samples were Brucella spp. PCR-positive (61/1,657), and Brucella canis antibodies were identified in 5.4% of submitted samples (150/2,764). Brucella spp. PCR-positive samples originated from Spain (11.1% of submitted samples), Poland (6.7% of submitted samples) and rarely from Italy and France. Samples with Brucella canis antibodies originated from 13 European countries (Sweden, Belgium, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Finland, Germany, Denmark, Hungary, Norway, Poland, France, Netherlands). Young dogs (0–24 months) had a 5.4-fold increased risk of PCR positive samples. The supplementary medical records search identified four young female dogs (7–30 months) with Brucella canis discospondylitis in Germany. The four dogs had been imported to Germany from Eastern European countries (Moldavia, Romania, Macedonia). In conclusion, infection with Brucella canis needs to be considered in dogs in Europe and diagnostics for Brucella canis infection appear indicated in young dogs with discospondylitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesine Buhmann
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Werner Herbst
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, University of Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Falk Melzer
- Institute of Bacteriological Infections and Zoonosis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Wolf
- Department of Veterinary Science, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Hartmann
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Fischer
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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42
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Ledwaba MB, Gomo C, Lekota KE, Le Flèche P, Hassim A, Vergnaud G, van Heerden H. Molecular characterization of Brucella species from Zimbabwe. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007311. [PMID: 31107864 PMCID: PMC6544324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus and B. melitensis have been reported in several studies in animals in Zimbabwe but the extent of the disease remains poorly known. Thus, characterizing the circulating strains is a critical first step in understanding brucellosis in the country. In this study we used an array of molecular assays including AMOS-PCR, Bruce-ladder, multiple locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) and single nucleotide polymorphisms from whole genome sequencing (WGS-SNP) to characterize Brucella isolates to the species, biovar, and individual strain level. Sixteen Brucella strains isolated in Zimbabwe at the Central Veterinary laboratory from various hosts were characterized using all or some of these assays. The strains were identified as B. ovis, B. abortus, B. canis and B. suis, with B. canis being the first report of this species in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwean strains identified as B. suis and B. abortus were further characterized with whole genome sequencing and were closely related to reference strains 1330 and 86/8/59, respectively. We demonstrate the range of different tests that can be performed from simple assays that can be run in laboratories lacking sophisticated instrumentation to whole genome analyses that currently require substantial expertise and infrastructure often not available in the developing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maphuti Betty Ledwaba
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Calvin Gomo
- Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), Harare, Zimbabwe
- Chinhoyi University of Technology, Department of Animal Production and Technology, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Kgaugelo Edward Lekota
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Philippe Le Flèche
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ayesha Hassim
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Gilles Vergnaud
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Henriette van Heerden
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Phylogeography and epidemiology of Brucella suis biovar 2 in wildlife and domestic swine. Vet Microbiol 2019; 233:68-77. [PMID: 31176415 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Swine brucellosis due to Brucella suis biovar 2 (bv2) is enzootic in wild boar and hare in continental Europe and may cause major economic losses to the pig industry, mainly in free-ranged pig farms. The high nucleotide identity found among the B. suis biovar 2 isolates has long hindered the full understanding of the epidemiology and the phylogeography of the disease. Here, we used multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) and whole-genome analysis to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in order to gain insights from the largest B. suis bv2 dataset analyzed so far composed of domestic pigs and wildlife isolates collected throughout Europe since the 1970s. We found four major clades with a specific phylogeographic pattern. The Iberian clade contains isolates exclusively from the Iberian Peninsula. The Central European clade includes most isolates from France, Northern Italy, Switzerland and an important proportion of those of Northern Spain. The Eastern European clade clustered isolates from Croatia and Hungary mainly but also from areas of France, Germany, Italy and Poland. Finally, a separated Sardinian clade grouped three isolates from this island. At fine scale, MLVA demonstrated an endemic status of the infection in Europe and it allowed tracking a large outbreak formed by different farms from Spain linked to the same infection source. The whole genome SNP analysis showed that the strains form genetically distinct clades, shared between wild boar and pigs, in agreement with the MLVA clades. Interestingly, all hare isolates clustered together within two groups composed exclusively of wildlife isolates. Our results support the hypothesis that maintenance and spread of B. suis bv2 in Europe is a dynamic process linked to the natural expansion of wild boar as the main wild reservoir of the infection, while spread over long distances is found largely dependent on anthropogenic activities.
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Jaý M, Girault G, Perrot L, Taunay B, Vuilmet T, Rossignol F, Pitel PH, Picard E, Ponsart C, Mick V. Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Brucella microti-Like Bacteria From a Domestic Marsh Frog ( Pelophylax ridibundus). Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:283. [PMID: 30498697 PMCID: PMC6249338 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several Brucella isolates have been described in wild-caught and "exotic" amphibians from various continents and identified as B. inopinata-like strains. On the basis of epidemiological investigations conducted in June 2017 in France in a farm producing domestic frogs (Pelophylax ridibundus) for human consumption of frog's legs, potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated from adults showing lesions (joint and subcutaneous abscesses). The bacteria were initially misidentified as Ochrobactrum anthropi using a commercial identification system, prior to being identified as Brucella spp. by MALDI-TOF assay. Classical phenotypic identification confirmed the Brucella genus, but did not make it possible to conclude unequivocally on species determination. Conventional and innovative bacteriological and molecular methods concluded that the investigated strain was very close to B. microti species, and not B. inopinata-like strains, as expected. The methods included growth kinetic, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, RT-PCR, Bruce-Ladder, Suis-Ladder, RFLP-PCR, AMOS-ERY, MLVA-16, the ectoine system, 16S rRNA and recA sequence analyses, the LPS pattern, in silico MLST-21, comparative whole-genome analyses (including average nucleotide identity ANI and whole-genome SNP analysis) and HRM-PCR assays. Minor polyphasic discrepancies, especially phage lysis and A-dominant agglutination patterns, as well as, small molecular divergences suggest the investigated strain should be considered a B. microti-like strain, raising concerns about its environmental persistence and unknown animal pathogenic and zoonotic potential as for other B. microti strains described to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryne Jaý
- ANSES/Paris-Est University, EU/OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Guillaume Girault
- ANSES/Paris-Est University, EU/OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ludivine Perrot
- ANSES/Paris-Est University, EU/OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Benoit Taunay
- ANSES/Paris-Est University, EU/OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thomas Vuilmet
- ANSES/Paris-Est University, EU/OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | | | - Claire Ponsart
- ANSES/Paris-Est University, EU/OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Virginie Mick
- ANSES/Paris-Est University, EU/OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Liu ZG, Wang LJ, Piao DR, Wang M, Liu RH, Zhao HY, Cui BY, Jiang H. Molecular Investigation of the Transmission Pattern of Brucella suis 3 From Inner Mongolia, China. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:271. [PMID: 30420955 PMCID: PMC6215816 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an endemic disease in China affecting both humans and livestock. The aim of the present study was to analyze two Brucella strains isolated from sheep spleens from Ulanqab in Inner Mongolia, China using classical and molecular typing techniques. The two strains were identified as Brucella suis biovar 3 and were closely related to isolates previously obtained from two different hosts (human and swine) in Guangxi Province. Our results suggest that B. suis can be directly or indirectly transferred from swine to sheep, which act as reservoirs for B. suis infection and later transmitted to humans. Multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) is a useful tool for tracing the geographical origin of brucellosis infections and elucidating its transmission patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Hulun Buir People's Hospital of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - Dong-Ri Piao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
| | - Ri-Hong Liu
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bu-Yun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regeion, Tongliao, China
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Saytekin AM, Ak S. Direct diagnosis of Brucella species through multiplex PCR formed by a new method. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 154:86-94. [PMID: 30336164 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop direct PCR methods, which enable the diagnosis of brucellosis agents from ruminant aborted fetus samples at species and genus levels, and determine the applicability of the newly developed methods. For this purpose, 137 lung, 137 liver, and 52 fetal stomach fluid samples belonging to 166 ruminant aborted fetuses (326 samples in total) were examined. Firstly, agent isolation and identification were performed and species-specific multiplex PCR (m-PCR) from the culture was applied to the samples. In addition, the Mayer-Scholl m-PCR method was modified and termed 'modified Mayer-Scholl', and genus specific Bcsp31 PCR was also modified with minor changes. Four different methods were applied to direct examination samples and the obtained results were compared. The conventional culture method was set as the standard method to which sensitivities and specificities of the molecular methods were calculated. According to the assessments on the basis of fetus (n = 166), sensitivity and specificity values for modified Mayer-Scholl m-PCR method were 94.11% and 98.76%, and the same indicators for the modified Bcsp31 PCR were 95.29% and 98.76%, respectively. When all organ samples were taken into account (n = 326), sensitivity and specificity values for the modified Mayer-Scholl m-PCR method were 85.38% and 98.06%, and for the modified Bcsp31 PCR, they were 83.62% and 98.06%, respectively. As a result, it was found that the diagnostic power of the tests were 'high' when results were evaluated at fetus level. On the other hand, it was found to be 'clinically useful' when evaluated at organ level. We concluded that species level identifications can be made through the modified Mayer-Scholl method, which is a direct m-PCR method, with a high diagnostic power by specifying DNAs belonging to Brucella species directly from clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Murat Saytekin
- Reference Diagnosis Laboratory for Brucellosis, Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, 34890, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Seyyal Ak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 İstanbul, Turkey
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Ferreira Vicente A, Girault G, Corde Y, Souza Ribeiro Mioni M, Borges Keid L, Jay M, Megid J, Mick V. New insights into phylogeography of worldwide Brucella canis isolates by comparative genomics-based approaches: focus on Brazil. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:636. [PMID: 30153798 PMCID: PMC6114238 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine brucellosis, due to Brucella canis, is a worldwide zoonosis that remains endemic in South America, including Brazil. Implementation of powerful whole-genome sequencing approaches allowed exploring the Brucella genus considered as monomorphic, with, to date, more than 500 genomes available in public databases. Nevertheless, with under-representation of B. canis genomes −only twenty complete or draft genomes−, lack of knowledge about this species is still considerable. This report describes a comparative genomics-based phylogeographic investigation of 53 B. canis strains, including 28 isolates paired-end sequenced in this work. Results Obtained results allow identifying a SNP panel species-specific to B. canis of 1086 nucleotides. In addition, high-resolution analyses assess the epidemiological relationship between worldwide isolates. Our findings show worldwide strains are distributed among 2 distinct lineages. One of them seems to be specific to South American strains, including Brazil. B. canis South American strains may be identified by a SNP panel of 15 nucleotides, whereas a 22 SNP panel is sufficient to define contamination origin from Brazil. These results lead to the proposal of a possible spread route for dog brucellosis through South America. Additionally, whole-genome analyses highlight the remarkable genomic stability of B. canis strains over time and the sustainability of the infection in São Paulo over 12 year-period. Conclusions Significant increase of B. canis genomes available in public databases provides new insights into B. canis infection in South America, including Brazil, as well as in the world, and also offers new perspectives for the Brucella genus largo sensu. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5001-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acácia Ferreira Vicente
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France.,Molecular Biology Laboratory, Dept. Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, FMVZ, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Guillaume Girault
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Yannick Corde
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France.,Present Address: Physiology of reproduction and behaviour joint research unit, INRA Val de Loire Centre, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Lara Borges Keid
- Dept. Veterinary Medicine, University of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Maryne Jay
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France.,Present Address: Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, Lyon, France Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Jane Megid
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Dept. Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, FMVZ, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Virginie Mick
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est University/Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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48
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An Overview of Brucellosis in Cattle and Humans, and its Serological and Molecular Diagnosis in Control Strategies. Trop Med Infect Dis 2018; 3:tropicalmed3020065. [PMID: 30274461 PMCID: PMC6073575 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed3020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most common contagious and communicable zoonotic diseases with high rates of morbidity and lifetime sterility. There has been a momentous increase over the recent years in intra/interspecific infection rates, due to poor management and limited resources, especially in developing countries. Abortion in the last trimester is a predominant sign, followed by reduced milk yield and high temperature in cattle, while in humans it is characterized by undulant fever, general malaise, and arthritis. While the clinical picture of brucellosis in humans and cattle is not clear and often misleading with the classical serological diagnosis, efforts have been made to overcome the limitations of current serological assays through the development of PCR-based diagnosis. Due to its complex nature, brucellosis remains a serious threat to public health and livestock in developing countries. In this review, we summarized the recent literature, significant advancements, and challenges in the treatment and vaccination against brucellosis, with a special focus on developing countries.
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Johansen TB, Scheffer L, Jensen VK, Bohlin J, Feruglio SL. Whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial resistance in Brucella melitensis from a Norwegian perspective. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8538. [PMID: 29867163 PMCID: PMC5986768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a rarely encountered infection in Norway. The aim of this study was to explore all Brucella melitensis isolates collected in Norway from 1999 to 2016 in relation to origin of infection and antimicrobial resistance patterns. A total of 23 isolates were analysed by whole-genome sequencing and compared with selected sequences of B. melitensis available from NCBI. Additionally, SNP analysis in antibiotic resistance determining genes was performed. The majority belonged to the East Mediterranean clade (genotype II), while the remaining isolates belonged to the African clade (genotype III). These results indicate that human brucellosis in Norway is related to travels or migration from the Middle East, Asia or Africa, in accordance with results from Germany, Denmark and Sweden. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were determined by broth microdilution method and/or gradient strip method. All isolates were susceptible for all tested antibiotics, except for rifampicin where phenotypical results indicated resistance or intermediate resistance in all isolates based on broth microdilution method, and in four isolates based on gradient strip testing. In contrast, screening of the rpoB gene did not reveal any mutations in the previously described rpoB "hot spot" regions related to rifampicin resistance, indicating overestimation of resistance based on phenotypical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tone B Johansen
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lonneke Scheffer
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
- Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Zernikeplein 7, 9747 AS, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1072 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Veronica K Jensen
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Bohlin
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri L Feruglio
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
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Batinga MCA, de Lima JTR, Gregori F, Diniz JA, Muner K, Oliveira TM, Ferreira HL, Soares RM, Keid LB. Comparative application of IS711-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for canine brucellosis diagnosis. Mol Cell Probes 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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