Reference Citation Analysis: Find an Article, Find a Category, Find a Journal, Find a Scholar

For: Shakya KP, Miller JE, Horohov DW. A Th2 type of immune response is associated with increased resistance to Haemonchus contortus in naturally infected Gulf Coast Native lambs. Vet Parasitol 2009;163:57-66. [PMID: 19406579 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]

For:	Shakya KP, Miller JE, Horohov DW. A Th2 type of immune response is associated with increased resistance to Haemonchus contortus in naturally infected Gulf Coast Native lambs. Vet Parasitol 2009;163:57-66. [PMID: 19406579 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]

Number

Cited by Other Article(s)

Hasan MW, Gadahi JA, Haseeb M, Wang Q, Ehsan M, Lakho SA, Haider A, Aleem T, Lu M, Yan R, Song X, Li X, Xu L. Partial Protection of Goats against Haemonchus contortus Achieved with ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 Encapsulated in PLGA Nanoparticles. Vaccines (Basel) 2024;12:1188. [PMID: 39460354 PMCID: PMC11511444 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open

Affiliation(s)

Muhammad Waqqas Hasan MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (J.A.G.); (M.H.); (Q.W.); (M.E.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (R.Y.); (X.S.); (X.L.) Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
Javaid Ali Gadahi MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (J.A.G.); (M.H.); (Q.W.); (M.E.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (R.Y.); (X.S.); (X.L.)
Muhammad Haseeb MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (J.A.G.); (M.H.); (Q.W.); (M.E.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (R.Y.); (X.S.); (X.L.)
Qiangqiang Wang MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (J.A.G.); (M.H.); (Q.W.); (M.E.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (R.Y.); (X.S.); (X.L.)
Muhammad Ehsan MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (J.A.G.); (M.H.); (Q.W.); (M.E.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (R.Y.); (X.S.); (X.L.)
Shakeel Ahmad Lakho MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (J.A.G.); (M.H.); (Q.W.); (M.E.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (R.Y.); (X.S.); (X.L.)
Ali Haider MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (J.A.G.); (M.H.); (Q.W.); (M.E.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (R.Y.); (X.S.); (X.L.)
Tahir Aleem MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (J.A.G.); (M.H.); (Q.W.); (M.E.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (R.Y.); (X.S.); (X.L.)
Mingmin Lu MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (J.A.G.); (M.H.); (Q.W.); (M.E.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (R.Y.); (X.S.); (X.L.)
Ruofeng Yan MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (J.A.G.); (M.H.); (Q.W.); (M.E.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (R.Y.); (X.S.); (X.L.)
Xiaokai Song MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (J.A.G.); (M.H.); (Q.W.); (M.E.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (R.Y.); (X.S.); (X.L.)
Xiangrui Li MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (J.A.G.); (M.H.); (Q.W.); (M.E.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (R.Y.); (X.S.); (X.L.)
Lixin Xu MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (J.A.G.); (M.H.); (Q.W.); (M.E.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (R.Y.); (X.S.); (X.L.)

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Ortega L, Quesada J, Ruiz A, Conde-Felipe MM, Ferrer O, Muñoz MDC, Molina JA, Rodríguez F, Molina JM. Analysis of Protection and Immune Response against Teladorsagia circumcincta in Goats Immunised with Thiol-Binding Proteins from Adult Worms. Vaccines (Basel) 2024;12:437. [PMID: 38675819 PMCID: PMC11055008 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open

Affiliation(s)

Leire Ortega Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (L.O.); (J.Q.); (O.F.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.M.); (J.M.M.)
Jessica Quesada Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (L.O.); (J.Q.); (O.F.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.M.); (J.M.M.)
Antonio Ruiz Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (L.O.); (J.Q.); (O.F.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.M.); (J.M.M.)
Magnolia María Conde-Felipe Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (L.O.); (J.Q.); (O.F.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.M.); (J.M.M.)
Otilia Ferrer Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (L.O.); (J.Q.); (O.F.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.M.); (J.M.M.) Clinical Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain
María del Carmen Muñoz Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (L.O.); (J.Q.); (O.F.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.M.); (J.M.M.) Clinical Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain
José Adrián Molina Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (L.O.); (J.Q.); (O.F.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.M.); (J.M.M.)
Francisco Rodríguez Department of Anatomy and Compared Anatomy Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain;
José Manuel Molina Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (L.O.); (J.Q.); (O.F.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.M.); (J.M.M.)

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Hasan MW, Ehsan M, Wang Q, Haseeb M, Lakho SA, Haider A, Lu M, Xu L, Song X, Yan R, Li X. PLGA-Encapsulated Haemonchus contortus Antigen ES-15 Augments Immune Responses in a Murine Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2023;11:1794. [PMID: 38140198 PMCID: PMC10748113 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open

Abstract

Haemonchus contortus is a gastrointestinal parasite that adversely impacts small ruminants, resulting in a notable reduction in animal productivity. In the current investigation, we developed a nanovaccine by encapsulating the recombinant protein rHcES-15, sourced from the excretory/secretory products of H. contortus, within biodegradable poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). The development of this nanovaccine involved the formulation of PLGA NPs using a modified double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)verified the successful encapsulation of rHcES-15 within PLGA NPs, exhibiting a size range of 350-400 nm. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the antigen in the nanovaccine was determined to be 72%. A total of forty experimental mice were allocated into five groups, with the nanovaccine administered on day 0 and the mice euthanized at the end of the 14-day trial. The stimulation index (SI) from the mice subjected to the nanovaccine indicated heightened lymphocyte proliferation (*** p < 0.001) and a noteworthy increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17). Additionally, the percentages of T-cells (CD4+, CD8+) and dendritic cell phenotypes (CD83+, CD86+) were significantly elevated (** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001) in mice inoculated with the nanovaccine compared to control groups and the rHcES-15 group. Correspondingly, higher levels of antigen-specific serum immunoglobulins (IgG1, IgG2a, IgM) were observed in response to the nanovaccine in comparison to both the antigenic (rHcES-15) and control groups (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01). In conclusion, the data strongly supports the proposal that the encapsulation of rHcES-15 within PLGA NPs effectively triggers immune cells in vivo, ultimately enhancing the antigen-specific adaptive immune responses against H. contortus. This finding underscores the promising potential of the nanovaccine, justifying further investigations to definitively ascertain its efficacy.

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Affiliation(s)

Muhammad Waqqas Hasan MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (M.E.); (Q.W.); (M.H.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (M.L.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
Muhammad Ehsan MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (M.E.); (Q.W.); (M.H.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (M.L.); (L.X.); (X.S.) Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
Qiangqiang Wang MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (M.E.); (Q.W.); (M.H.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (M.L.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
Muhammad Haseeb MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (M.E.); (Q.W.); (M.H.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (M.L.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
Shakeel Ahmed Lakho MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (M.E.); (Q.W.); (M.H.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (M.L.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
Ali Haider MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (M.E.); (Q.W.); (M.H.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (M.L.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
Mingmin Lu MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (M.E.); (Q.W.); (M.H.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (M.L.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
Lixin Xu MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (M.E.); (Q.W.); (M.H.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (M.L.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
Xiaokai Song MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (M.E.); (Q.W.); (M.H.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (M.L.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
Ruofeng Yan MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (M.E.); (Q.W.); (M.H.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (M.L.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
Xiangrui Li MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.W.H.); (M.E.); (Q.W.); (M.H.); (S.A.L.); (A.H.); (M.L.); (L.X.); (X.S.)

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Chen W, Yan Q, Zhong R, Tan Z. Amino acid profiles, amino acid sensors and transporters expression and intestinal microbiota are differentially altered in goats infected with Haemonchus contortus. Amino Acids 2023;55:371-384. [PMID: 36648537 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]

Estrada‐Reyes ZM, Ogunade IM, Pech‐Cervantes AA, Terrill TH. Copy number variant-based genome wide association study reveals immune-related genes associated with parasite resistance in a heritage sheep breed from the United States. Parasite Immunol 2022;44:e12943. [PMID: 36071651 PMCID: PMC9786709 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]

Adduci I, Sajovitz F, Hinney B, Lichtmannsperger K, Joachim A, Wittek T, Yan S. Haemonchosis in Sheep and Goats, Control Strategies and Development of Vaccines against Haemonchus contortus. Animals (Basel) 2022;12:ani12182339. [PMID: 36139199 PMCID: PMC9495197 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open

Abstract

Simple Summary

Haemonchus contortus is the most pathogenic blood-feeding parasitic nematode in sheep and goats, threatening animal welfare and causing tremendous economic losses to the small ruminant industry. This comprehensive review article sums up current control strategies, worm-derived antigens and recent advances in anti-Haemonchus vaccine development. New insights into antigen engineering and general considerations for clinical trials are discussed here.

Abstract

The evolutionary success of parasitic worms causes significant economic losses and animal health problems, including in the small ruminant industry. The hematophagous nematode Haemonchus contortus is a common endoparasite that infects wild and domestic ruminants worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. To date, the most commonly applied control strategy is the administration of anthelminthic drugs. The main disadvantages of these chemicals are their ecotoxic effects, the necessary withdrawal period (especially important in dairy animals) and the increasing development of resistance. Vaccines offer an attractive alternative control strategy against Haemonchus infections. In previous years, several potential vaccine antigens prepared from H. contortus using the latest technologies have been assessed in clinical trials using different methods and strategies. This review highlights the current state of knowledge on anti-H. contortus vaccines (covering native, recombinant and DNA-based vaccines), including an evaluation, as well a discussion of the challenges and achievements in developing protective, efficient, and long-lasting vaccines to control H. contortus infection and haemonchosis in small ruminants. This paper also addresses novel developments tackling the challenge of glycosylation of putative candidates in recombinant form.

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Tafere A, Terefe G, Mamo G, Kaba T, Shiferaw J. A Comparative Study on Pathological Changes in the Small Intestine of Sheep and Goat Experimentally Infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Vet Med (Auckl) 2022;13:213-233. [PMID: 36082317 PMCID: PMC9447457 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s365549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]

Abstract

Background

Trichostrongylus colubriformis, also called hairworm, is a genus of parasitic roundworm affecting gastro-intestinal tracts of a ruminant. Gross and microscopic lesion characterizations and comparing its effect in the small intestine of sheep and goats experimentally infected with T. colubriformis were undertaken in the study.

Methods

During the study period, 13 sheep and 14 goats were included in the experiment. The larvae of T. culibriformis were obtained from abattoirs and larvae were recovered by Bearmann techniques. The infective larvae of T. culibriformis (L3) as a single dose of 10,000 per-animal was administered orally to infected groups of sheep and goats. Blood was collected for hematological and serum biochemical analysis. Tissues for gross and histopathologic lesions characterization were collected from killed infected animals at 56 days.

Results

From the infected group, the total recovered mean worm burden was recorded as higher in goats (P<0.05) than sheep, with an establishment rate of 50.16% and 34.46%, respectively. The total mean PCV, Hb, and albumin values recorded in the infected groups of sheep and goats were significantly (P<0.05) lower than non-infected control of both animal groups. In goats, the total serum protein was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the infected group than the non-infected control group. Gross lesions found were enteritis with petechial hemorrhages, edema, hyperemia, and mucosal slough, which were marked in the duodenum (62.69%) and jejunum (33.33%) in sheep and 47.05% duodenum and 45.09% jejunum in goats. The microscopic lesions developed by T. colubriformis were subtotal villus atrophy, hemorrhage, straightened and elongated dilated crypts, loss of epithelium, mucosal erosion, and infiltration of inflammatory cells.

Conclusion

The present study showed that T. colubriformis infection caused physiological and pathological changes of the small-intestine in sheep and goats, with more severe infection in goats than sheep, although they were under the same management condition.

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Lins JGG, Almeida FA, Albuquerque ACA, Britton C, Amarante AF. Early-onset immune response to Haemonchus contortus infection in resistant Santa Ines suckling lambs compared with susceptible Ile de France. Vet Parasitol 2022;307-308:109734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]

Shrivastava K, Singh AP, Jadav K, Shukla S, Tiwari SP. Caprine haemonchosis: optimism of breeding for disease resistance in developing countries. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2056465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]

Wang Q, Muhammad TA, Muhammad WH, Muhammad AM, Muhammad H, Yan R, Xu L, Song X, Li X. Haemonchus contortus hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 59 with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid): A promising nanovaccine candidate against Haemonchus contortus infection. Vet Parasitol 2021;292:109398. [PMID: 33677347 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]

Cruz-Tamayo AA, López-Arellano ME, González-Garduño R, Torres-Hernández G, de la Mora-Valle A, Becerril-Pérez C, Hernández-Mendo O, Ramírez-Bribiesca E, Huchin-Cab M. Haemonchus contortus infection induces a variable immune response in resistant and susceptible Pelibuey sheep. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021;234:110218. [PMID: 33667946 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]

Abstract

The immune response and phenotypic characteristics of Pelibuey lambs were analysed after the induction of a Haemonchus contortus trickle infection. Male lambs (n = 29; 20 kg live weight) were infected with 100 H. contortus infective larvae per kg of live weight on day 3, 5 and 7 of the experiment. The number of eggs per gram (epg), seven haematological parameters and the immunoglobulin A (IgA) level were analysed for 56 experimental days. In addition, histopathological samples from the fundic abomasal region and the relative expression of 10 immune-related genes from 15 infected and three non-infected lambs were analysed at day 0 and 49 of the experiment. The epg count and some haematological parameters (leucocytes, red blood cells, haemoglobin and total protein) with statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) were used to identify nine resistant and 20 susceptible lambs (1166 ± 1071 and 3171 ± 1463 epg, respectively). Moreover, acute infiltration of immune cells and parasitic granuloma formation were observed in susceptible lambs; the resistant group had moderate inflammatory cell infiltration. With respect to relative gene expression, resistant lambs showed upregulation (P < 0.001) of 10 genes, from 2.2 to 15.99 fold. Moreover, there was a strong indirect correlation (P < 0.05) between the epg count and interleukin 5 (IL5) gene expression. By contrast, there was an average 0.34 fold downregulation in nine of the immune-related genes (P ≤ 0.05) in susceptible lambs (the only exception was Fc fragment of IgE receptor Ia [FCER1A] upregulation). In addition, there was a direct correlation (P ≤ 0.05) between the epg count and the expression of IL8, which encodes an inflammatory chemokine. In conclusion, this study showed differential IL5 and IL8 gene expression during haemonchosis in resistant and susceptible Pelibuey lambs, respectively, together with a variable immune response based on histopathological and haematological parameters.

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Lins JGG, Almeida FA, Amarante AF. Haematological variables of Santa Ines and Ile de France suckling lambs: Influence of Haemonchus contortus infection. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]

Parasitological and immunological response to Haemonchus contortus infection: Comparison between resistant Garole and susceptible Sahabadi sheep. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020;22:100477. [PMID: 33308756 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]

Abstract

Parasitological and immunological responses to the experimentally induced Haemonchus contortus infection were compared between Garole and Sahabadi breeds of sheep. The experiment was conducted in a 2 (breed) × 2 (infection status) factorial arrangement with a completely randomised design. Two breeds of sheep were divided into infected (n = 10) and control (n = 6) groups, and the infected groups were orally infected with H. contortus (500 stage 3 larvae per kilogram of body weight). Faecal egg counts (FEC) were determined from 18 days post infection (DPI) at 3-day intervals until 42 DPI. Average daily body weight gain, packed cell volume (PCV), concentrations of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G₁, IgG₂, IgE and peripheral eosinophil count were measured at 14-day intervals from 0 to 42 DPI. Lymphocyte proliferation in response to somatic antigen of H. contortus was determined by in vitro lymphoproliferation assay, and concentrations of interferon gama (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) in lymphocyte culture supernatant were measured at 14-day intervals until 42 DPI. Variables were analysed using the repeated measures mixed model procedure over DPI. Faecal egg count was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in Garole sheep than Sahabadi sheep and no faecal eggs were detected in the infected Garole sheep on 30 DPI. Infected Garole sheep had significantly (p < 0.05) higher body weight gain and PCV% than the infected Sahabadi sheep. In the infected Garole sheep, serum Ig except IgE increased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to infected Sahabadi sheep. On 28 DPI, peripheral eosinophil number, in vitro lymphoproliferation as well as concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-4 in culture supernatant were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the infected Garole sheep than in the infected Sahabadi sheep. Parasitological observations indicated that Garole sheep were resistant to H. contortus and they exhibited greater cellular as well as humoral immune responses compared to Sahabadi sheep.

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Barbosa Toscano JH, Okino CH, Barbosa Dos Santos I, Giraldelo LA, Borsch von Haehling M, Novita Esteves S, Bassetto CC, Talamini do Amarante AF, de Souza Chagas AC. Local and systemic immune mediators of Morada Nova lambs with divergent Haemonchus contortus resistance phenotypes. Parasite Immunol 2020;42:e12790. [PMID: 32894881 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]

Comparative H-gal-GP and H11 specific antibody binding in equine cyathostomins. Vet Parasitol 2020;286:109242. [PMID: 32980728 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]

Artificial Haemonchus contortus infection as a strategy to induce protective immune response to natural infection in Pelibuey lambs. J Helminthol 2020;94:e181. [PMID: 32814595 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x20000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]

Ehsan M, Haseeb M, Hu R, Ali H, Memon MA, Yan R, Xu L, Song X, Zhu X, Li X. Tropomyosin: An Excretory/Secretory Protein from Haemonchus contortus Mediates the Immuno-Suppressive Potential of Goat Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells In Vitro. Vaccines (Basel) 2020;8:vaccines8010109. [PMID: 32121527 PMCID: PMC7157511 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open

Affiliation(s)

Muhammad Ehsan MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; (M.E.); (M.H.); (H.A.); (M.A.M.); (R.Y.); (L.X.); (X.S.) State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China; (R.H.); (X.Z.)
Muhammad Haseeb MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; (M.E.); (M.H.); (H.A.); (M.A.M.); (R.Y.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
Ruisi Hu State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China; (R.H.); (X.Z.)
Haider Ali MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; (M.E.); (M.H.); (H.A.); (M.A.M.); (R.Y.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
Muhammad Ali Memon MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; (M.E.); (M.H.); (H.A.); (M.A.M.); (R.Y.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
Ruofeng Yan MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; (M.E.); (M.H.); (H.A.); (M.A.M.); (R.Y.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
Lixin Xu MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; (M.E.); (M.H.); (H.A.); (M.A.M.); (R.Y.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
Xiaokai Song MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; (M.E.); (M.H.); (H.A.); (M.A.M.); (R.Y.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
Xingquan Zhu State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China; (R.H.); (X.Z.)
Xiangrui Li MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; (M.E.); (M.H.); (H.A.); (M.A.M.); (R.Y.); (L.X.); (X.S.) Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8439-9000; Fax: +86-25-8439-9000

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Characterization of Haemonchus contortus Excretory/Secretory Antigen (ES-15) and Its Modulatory Functions on Goat Immune Cells In Vitro. Pathogens 2020;9:pathogens9030162. [PMID: 32120801 PMCID: PMC7157690 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open

Innate Immune Responses Associated with Resistance against Haemonchus contortus in Morada Nova Sheep. J Immunol Res 2019;2019:3562672. [PMID: 31815153 PMCID: PMC6877983 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3562672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open

Abstract

The immune response against Haemonchus contortus infections is primarily associated with the Th2 profile. However, the exact mechanisms associated with increased sheep resistance against this parasite remains poorly elucidated. The present study is aimed at evaluating mediators from the innate immune response in lambs of the Morada Nova Brazilian breed with contrasting H. contortus resistance phenotypes. Briefly, 287 lambs were characterized through fecal egg counts (FEC) and packed cell volume (PCV) after two independent experimental parasitic challenges with 4,000 H. contortus L₃. 20 extreme resistance phenotypes (10 most resistant and 10 most susceptible) were selected, subjected to a third artificial infection with 4,000 L₃, and euthanized 7 days later. Tissue samples were collected from abomasal fundic and pyloric mucosa and abomasal lymph nodes. Blood samples were collected at days 0 and 7 of the third parasitic challenge. RNA was extracted from tissue and blood samples for relative quantification of innate immune-related genes by RT-qPCR. For the abomasal fundic mucosa, increased TNFα and IL1β expression levels (P < 0.05) were found in the susceptible animals, while resistant animals had IL33 superiorly expressed (P < 0.05). Higher levels (P < 0.05) of TLR2 and CFI were found in the abomasal pyloric mucosa of resistant animals. TNFα was at higher levels (P < 0.05) in the blood of susceptible lambs, at day 0 of the third artificial infection. The exacerbated proinflammatory response observed in susceptible animals, at both local and systemic levels, may be a consequence of high H. contortus parasitism. This hypothesis is corroborated by the higher blood levels of TNFα before the onset of infection, which probably remained elevated from the previous parasitic challenges. On the other hand, resistant lambs had an enhanced response mediated by TLR recognition and complement activation. Nevertheless, this is the first study to directly associate sheep parasitic resistance with IL33, an innate trigger of the Th2-polarized response.

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Wang S, Hu D, Wang C, Tang X, Du M, Gu X, Suo J, Hu M, Fang R, Zhu X, Zhang X, Du A, Suo X, Liu X. Transcriptional profiling of innate immune responses in sheep PBMCs induced by Haemonchus contortus soluble extracts. Parasit Vectors 2019;12:182. [PMID: 31023355 PMCID: PMC6482558 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open

Affiliation(s)

Si Wang State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Dandan Hu State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Chaoyue Wang State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Xinming Tang State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Mengze Du State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Xiaolong Gu State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Jingxia Suo State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Min Hu State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
Rui Fang State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
Xingquan Zhu State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
Xichen Zhang College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
Aifang Du Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Xun Suo State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Xianyong Liu State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

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Wang Q, Wu L, Hasan MW, Lu M, Wang W, Yan R, Xu L, Song X, Li X. Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 59 of Haemonchus contortus modulates the functions of PBMCs and the differentiation and maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells of goats in vitro. Parasit Vectors 2019;12:105. [PMID: 30871600 PMCID: PMC6416944 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open

Nehra AK, Gowane GR, Kuriyal A, Chaurasiya A, Kumar R, Bhinsara DB, Parthasarathi BC, Bhawana K, Khare RK, Prasad A, Chandra D, Sankar M. Immune response against subclinical haemonchosis in Himalayan hill goats. Vet Parasitol 2019;267:47-53. [PMID: 30878085 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]

Abstract

Haemonchosis commonly occurs as chronic and subclinical infection in small ruminants, and understanding of immunological response against subclinical haemonchosis is of paramount importance for designing and implementing effective control strategies. The present study was designed to evaluate immunological response during subclinical haemonchosis, experimentally established in goats. Sixteen 5-6 month-old helminth naive kids were randomly allocated into one of two groups, infected and uninfected; the infected group being infected per os with 250 Haemonchus contortus larvae per kg body weight. Faecal, blood and serum samples were collected every third day up to 30 days post-infection (DPI), thereafter weekly up to 58 DPI to record changes in faecal egg count (FEC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), peripheral eosinophil percentage and immunological parameters, such as macrophage cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12), Th1 cytokine (IFN-γ), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, 13, 25, 33) and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgE). Pre-patent period of H. contortus in the present study was 18 days and eggs per gram (EPG) peaked on 30 DPI. The total reduction in body weight gain in the infected group was 26 g per day when compared with uninfected animals. Hb (7.35 ± 0.34 g/dL in infected animals compared with 9.76 ± 0.67 in control animals) and PCV levels (22 ± 1.54 g/dL in infected animals compared with 29.2 ± 1.27 in control animals) decreased significantly up to 44 DPI in infected group (P = 0.000). IL-4, IL-13, IL-33, IgG and IgE showed significant increase in infected animals at different periods. IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-25 did not show any significant changes barring a steep rise of IFN-γ on 27 DPI. A positive correlation was observed between IgE and IL-4 in subclinical haemonchosis. Of particular note was that all the major cytokines, such as IFN-γ (P = 0.000), IL-4 (P = 0.000), IL-13 (P = 0.009), and both IgG (P = 0.000) and IgE (P = 0.003), were observed at the lowest concentration on 24 DPI. The effect of infection was found to be significant on cytokines with a strong interaction with time. Taken together, the data suggest that Th2 immune response is predominating in subclinical haemonchosis. The economic loss in term of body weight gain due to subclinical haemonchosis was considerable.

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Lello J, McClure SJ, Tyrrell K, Viney ME. Predicting the effects of parasite co-infection across species boundaries. Proc Biol Sci 2019. [PMID: 29540516 PMCID: PMC5879626 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open

Shrivastava K, Kumar P, Khan MF, Sahoo NR, Prakash O, Kumar A, Panigrahi M, Chauhan A, Bhushan B, Prasad A, Nasir A, Patel BHM. Exploring the molecular basis of resistance/ susceptibility to mixed natural infection of Haemonchus contortus in tropical Indian goat breed. Vet Parasitol 2018;262:6-10. [PMID: 30389014 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]

Immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants: effector cell mechanisms and cytokines. J Parasit Dis 2018;42:471-482. [PMID: 30538343 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-018-1023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open

Ehsan M, Wang W, Gadahi JA, Hasan MW, Lu M, Wang Y, Liu X, Haseeb M, Yan R, Xu L, Song X, Li X. The Serine/Threonine-Protein Phosphatase 1 From Haemonchus contortus Is Actively Involved in Suppressive Regulatory Roles on Immune Functions of Goat Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Front Immunol 2018;9:1627. [PMID: 30061894 PMCID: PMC6054924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open

Abstract

Serine/threonine-protein phosphatases (STPs), as integral constituents of parasitic excretory/secretory proteins, are assumed to be released during the host–parasite interactions. However, knowledge about these phosphatases and their immunoregulatory and immune protective efficiencies with host peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is scant. In this study, an open reading frame of STP from Haemonchus contortus designated as HcSTP-1 was amplified and cloned using reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The 951-bp nucleotides sequence was encoded to a protein of 316 amino acid residues, conserved in characteristics motifs GDXHG, GDYVDRG, GNHE, HGG, RG, and H. The HcSTP-1 protein was detected at approximately 35 kDa as recombinant protein fused in an expression vector system and resolved on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Immunohistochemically, HcSTP-1 was found to be localized in both male and female adult worm sections. Using immunofluorescence assay, the binding activity of rHcSTP-1 was confirmed on surface of goat PBMCs, which resulted in expression of multiple cytokines and various immunoregulatory activities in vitro. The RT-PCR results showed that mRNA level of interleukin-2, TGF-β1, IFN-γ, and IL-17 (with 10 µg/ml) was upregulated and IL-10 was decreased. However, IL-6 showed no change after PBMCs incubated with rHcSTP-1 protein. Further functional analysis showed that migratory activity of cells, intracellular nitrite production (NO), and apoptotic efficiency of PBMCs were elevated at significant level, whereas the proliferation of goat PBMCs and monocytes-associated major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and MHC-II expressions were decreased significantly at concentration-dependent fashion. Our results showed that the HcSTP-1 protein engaged in vital suppressive regulatory roles on host immune cells, which might represent a potential molecular target for controlling H. contortus infection in future.

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Gadahi JA, Li B, Ehsan M, Wang S, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Hasan MW, Yan R, Song X, Xu L, Li X. Recombinant Haemonchus contortus 24 kDa excretory/secretory protein (rHcES-24) modulate the immune functions of goat PBMCs in vitro. Oncotarget 2018;7:83926-83937. [PMID: 27893414 PMCID: PMC5356635 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open

Gadahi JA, Ehsan M, Wang S, Zhang Z, Yan R, Song X, Xu L, Li X. Recombinant protein of Haemonchus contortus small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (HcARF1) modulate the cell mediated immune response in vitro. Oncotarget 2017;8:112211-112221. [PMID: 29348819 PMCID: PMC5762504 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open

Ehsan M, Gao W, Gadahi JA, Lu M, Liu X, Wang Y, Yan R, Xu L, Song X, Li X. Arginine kinase from Haemonchus contortus decreased the proliferation and increased the apoptosis of goat PBMCs in vitro. Parasit Vectors 2017. [PMID: 28651566 PMCID: PMC5485575 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Arginine kinase (AK), an important member of phosphagen kinase family has been extensively studied in various vertebrates and invertebrates. Immunologically, AKs are important constituents of different body parts, involved in various biological and cellular functions, and considered as immune-modulator and effector for pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, immunoregulatory changes of host cells triggered by AK protein of Haemonchus contortus, a parasitic nematode of ruminants, are still unknown. The current study was focused on cloning and characterisation of Hc-AK, and its regulatory effects on cytokines level, cell migration, cell proliferation, nitric oxide production and apoptosis of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were observed.

METHODS

The full-length sequence of the Hc-AK gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sub-cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a. The biochemical characteristics of recombinant protein Hc-AK, which was purified by affinity chromatography, were performed based on the enzymatic assay. Binding of rHc-AK with PBMCs was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect localisation of Hc-AK within adult worms sections. The immunoregulatory effects of rHc-AK on cytokine secretions, cell proliferation, cell migration, nitric oxide production and apoptosis were determined by co-incubation of rHc-AK with goat PBMCs.

RESULTS

The full-length ORF (1080 bp) of the Hc-AK gene was successfully cloned, and His-tagged AK protein was expressed in the Escherichia coli strain BL21. The recombinant protein of Hc-AK (rHc-AK) was about 58.5 kDa together with the fused vector protein of 18 kDa. The biochemical assay showed that the protein encoded by the Hc-ak exhibited enzymatic activity. Western blot analysis confirmed that the rHc-AK was recognised by the sera from rat (rat-antiHc-AK). The IFA results showed that rHc-AK could bind on the surface of goat PBMCs. Immunohistochemically, Hc-AK was localised at the inner and outer membrane as well as in the gut region of adult worms. The binding of rHc-AK to host cells increased the levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, nitric oxide (NO) production and cell apoptosis of goat PBMCs, whereas, TGF-β1 levels, cell proliferation and PBMCs migration were significantly decreased in a dose dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggested that rHc-AK is an important excretory and secretory (ES) protein involved in host immune responses and exhibit distinct immunomodulatory properties during interaction with goat PBMCs.

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Garza JJ, Greiner SP, Bowdridge SA. Serum‐mediated Haemonchus contortus larval aggregation differs by larval stage and is enhanced by complement. Parasite Immunol 2017;39. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]

Gadahi JA, Ehsan M, Wang S, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Yan R, Song X, Xu L, Li X. Recombinant protein of Haemonchus contortus 14-3-3 isoform 2 (rHcftt-2) decreased the production of IL-4 and suppressed the proliferation of goat PBMCs in vitro. Exp Parasitol 2016;171:57-66. [PMID: 27751769 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]

McRae KM, Stear MJ, Good B, Keane OM. The host immune response to gastrointestinal nematode infection in sheep. Parasite Immunol 2016;37:605-13. [PMID: 26480845 PMCID: PMC4744952 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]

Zvinorova PI, Halimani TE, Muchadeyi FC, Matika O, Riggio V, Dzama K. Breeding for resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes - the potential in low-input/output small ruminant production systems. Vet Parasitol 2016;225:19-28. [PMID: 27369571 PMCID: PMC4938797 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]

Abstract

The control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) is mainly based on the use of drugs, grazing management, use of copper oxide wire particles and bioactive forages. Resistance to anthelmintic drugs in small ruminants is documented worldwide. Host genetic resistance to parasites, has been increasingly used as a complementary control strategy, along with the conventional intervention methods mentioned above. Genetic diversity in resistance to GIN has been well studied in experimental and commercial flocks in temperate climates and more developed economies. However, there are very few report outputs from the more extensive low-input/output smallholder systems in developing and emerging countries. Furthermore, results on quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with nematode resistance from various studies have not always been consistent, mainly due to the different nematodes studied, different host breeds, ages, climates, natural infections versus artificial challenges, infection level at sampling periods, among others. The increasing use of genetic markers (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, SNPs) in GWAS or the use of whole genome sequence data and a plethora of analytic methods offer the potential to identify loci or regions associated nematode resistance. Genomic selection as a genome-wide level method overcomes the need to identify candidate genes. Benefits in genomic selection are now being realised in dairy cattle and sheep under commercial settings in the more advanced countries. However, despite the commercial benefits of using these tools, there are practical problems associated with incorporating the use of marker-assisted selection or genomic selection in low-input/output smallholder farming systems breeding schemes. Unlike anthelmintic resistance, there is no empirical evidence suggesting that nematodes will evolve rapidly in response to resistant hosts. The strategy of nematode control has evolved to a more practical manipulation of host-parasite equilibrium in grazing systems by implementation of various strategies, in which improvement of genetic resistance of small ruminant should be included. Therefore, selection for resistant hosts can be considered as one of the sustainable control strategy, although it will be most effective when used to complement other control strategies such as grazing management and improving efficiency of anthelmintics currently.

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Buendía-Jiménez J, Muñoz-Guzmán M, Vega-López M, Cuenca-Verde C, Martínez-Labat J, Cuéllar-Ordaz J, Alba-Hurtado F. Partial protection and abomasal cytokine expression in sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus and pre-treated with Taenia hydatigena vesicular concentrate. Vet Parasitol 2015;211:60-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]

Yang Y, Zhou QJ, Chen XQ, Yan BL, Guo XL, Zhang HL, Du AF. Profiling of differentially expressed genes in sheep T lymphocytes response to an artificial primary Haemonchus contortus infection. Parasit Vectors 2015;8:235. [PMID: 25903558 PMCID: PMC4406218 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Haemonchus contortus is a common bloodsucking nematode causing widespread economic loss in agriculture. Upon H. contortus infection, a series of host responses is elicited, especially those related to T lymphocyte immunity. Existing studies mainly focus on the general immune responses of sheep T lymphocyte to H. contortus, lacking investigations at the molecular level. The objective of this study was to obtain a systematic transcriptional profiling of the T lymphocytes in H. contortus primary-infected sheep.

METHODS

Nematode-free sheep were orally infected once with H. contortus L3s. T lymphocyte samples were collected from the peripheral blood of 0, 3, 30 and 60 days post infection (dpi) infected sheep. Microarrays were used to compare gene transcription levels between samples. Quantitative RT-PCR was employed to validate the microarray data. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis were utilized for the annotation of differentially expressed genes.

RESULTS

Our microarray data was consistent with qPCR results. From microarrays, 853, 242 and 42 differentially expressed genes were obtained in the 3d vs. 0d, 30d vs. 0d and 60d vs. 0d comparison groups, respectively. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that these genes were involved in metabolism, signaling, cell growth and immune system processes. Functional analysis of significant differentially expressed genes, such as SLC9A3R2, ABCB9, COMMD4, SUGT1, FCER1G, GSK3A, PAK4 and FCER2, revealed a crucial association with cellular homeostasis maintenance and immune response. Our data suggested that maintaining both effective immunological response and natural cellular activity are important for T lymphocytes in fighting against H. contortus infection.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results provide a substantial list of candidate genes in sheep T lymphocytes response to H. contortus infection, and contribute novel insights into a general immune response upon infection.

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Fuertes M, Pérez V, Benavides J, González-Lanza MC, Mezo M, González-Warleta M, Giráldez FJ, Fernández M, Manga-González MY, Ferreras MC. Pathological changes in cattle naturally infected by Calicophoron daubneyi adult flukes. Vet Parasitol 2015;209:188-96. [PMID: 25801360 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]

Affiliation(s)

Miguel Fuertes Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña CSIC-ULE, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
Valentín Pérez Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña CSIC-ULE, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
Julio Benavides Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña CSIC-ULE, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
M Camino González-Lanza Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña CSIC-ULE, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
Mercedes Mezo Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo-INGACAL, Xunta de Galicia, Carretera Betanzos-Mesón do Vento, km 7, 15318 Abegondo, A Coruña, Spain
Marta González-Warleta Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo-INGACAL, Xunta de Galicia, Carretera Betanzos-Mesón do Vento, km 7, 15318 Abegondo, A Coruña, Spain
Francisco Javier Giráldez Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña CSIC-ULE, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
Miguel Fernández Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña CSIC-ULE, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
M Yolanda Manga-González Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña CSIC-ULE, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
M Carmen Ferreras Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña CSIC-ULE, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain.

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St. Croix sheep produce a rapid and greater cellular immune response contributing to reduced establishment of Haemonchus contortus. Vet Parasitol 2015;208:204-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]

De Wolf BM, Zajac AM, Hoffer KA, Sartini BL, Bowdridge S, LaRoith T, Petersson KH. The effect of vitamin E supplementation on an experimental Haemonchus contortus infection in lambs. Vet Parasitol 2014;205:140-9. [PMID: 25085770 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on an experimental Haemonchus contortus infection in lambs. Twenty lambs were stratified into two treatment groups based on fecal egg count. Worm-free lambs, 28-32 weeks of age, were supplemented with vitamin E (d-α-tocopherol) for 12 weeks following the recommendations of the National Research Council for the minimum daily requirement (control; 5.3 IU/kg body weight (BW)/day (d), n=10) or the requirement for optimal immune function (VE10; 10 IU/kg BW/d, n=10). Five weeks following initiation of vitamin E supplementation, lambs were infected with 10,000 H. contortus third stage larvae. Samples were taken weekly to quantify serum α-tocopherol, serum total non-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G, whole worm antigen specific IgG, packed cell volume (PCV), and fecal egg count (FEC). Expression of cytokine genes IFN-λ and IL-4 were measured in peripheral blood collected prior to slaughter. Lambs were necropsied six weeks after infection and the α-tocopherol concentration of liver, muscle and lymph node were measured as well as abomasal worm burden and histologic evaluation of the abomasum for inflammation and enumeration of eosinophils and globule leukocytes. The livers of VE10 lambs contained slightly more α-tocopherol than control lambs. No differences were observed in serum, muscle or lymph node α-tocopherol concentration, serum IgG or peripheral mRNA expression of IL-4 or IFN-λ between control and VE10 lambs. However, lambs supplemented at 10IU/kg BW/d had a lower PCV reduction, FEC and worm burden 49% less than control lambs. Worm burden was negatively correlated with eosinophil (-0.720, P<0.05) and globule leukocyte count (-0.867, P<0.05). Strong positive correlations were observed within the inflammatory cell response in VE10 lambs that was absent in control lambs. These data indicate that additional vitamin E supplementation resulted in lower worm burden and greater recruitment of innate effector cells to the site of infection. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism by which vitamin E affects greater recruitment of innate effector cells to the abomasum during gastrointestinal nematode infection of lambs.

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Zhong RZ, Sun HX, Liu HW, Zhou DW. Effects of tannic acid on Haemonchus contortus larvae viability and immune responses of sheep white blood cells in vitro. Parasite Immunol 2014;36:100-6. [PMID: 24558656 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]

Karrow NA, Goliboski K, Stonos N, Schenkel F, Peregrine A. Review: Genetics of helminth resistance in sheep. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2013-036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]

Effect of experimental infection with Haemonchus contortus on parasitological and local cellular responses in resistant and susceptible young Creole goats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013;2013:902759. [PMID: 23936855 PMCID: PMC3725706 DOI: 10.1155/2013/902759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]

Ortolani EL, Leal MLDR, Minervino AHH, Aires AR, Coop RL, Jackson F, Suttle NF. Effects of parasitism on cellular immune response in sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus. Vet Parasitol 2013;196:230-4. [PMID: 23522899 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]

McPherson FJ, Shini S, Gibbon AW, D’Occhio MJ. Protein supplementation in the first 100 days of gestation fails to enhance resistance of weaned Merino lambs against Haemonchus contortus. Livest Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]

The immune response to parasitic helminths of veterinary importance and its potential manipulation for future vaccine control strategies. Parasitol Res 2012;110:1587-99. [PMID: 22314781 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-2832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]

Li RW, Choudhary RK, Capuco AV, Urban JF. Exploring the host transcriptome for mechanisms underlying protective immunity and resistance to nematode infections in ruminants. Vet Parasitol 2012;190:1-11. [PMID: 22819588 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]

Abstract

Nematode infections in ruminants are a major impediment to the profitable production of meat and dairy products, especially for small farms. Gastrointestinal parasitism not only negatively impacts weight gain and milk yield, but is also a major cause of mortality in small ruminants. The current parasite control strategy involves heavy use of anthelmintics that has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant parasite strains. This, in addition to increasing consumer demand for animal products that are free of drug residues has stimulated development of alternative strategies, including selective breeding of parasite resistant ruminants. The development of protective immunity and manifestations of resistance to nematode infections relies upon the precise expression of the host genome that is often confounded by mechanisms simultaneously required to control multiple nematode species as well as ecto- and protozoan parasites, and microbial and viral pathogens. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes represents a key step toward development of effective new parasite control strategies. Recent progress in characterizing the transcriptome of both hosts and parasites, utilizing high-throughput microarrays and RNA-seq technology, has led to the recognition of unique interactions and the identification of genes and biological pathways involved in the response to parasitism. Innovative use of the knowledge gained by these technologies should provide a basis for enhancing innate immunity while limiting the polarization of acquired immunity can negatively affect optimal responses to co-infection. Strategies for parasite control that use diet and vaccine/adjuvant combination could be evaluated by monitoring the host transcriptome for induction of appropriate mechanisms for imparting parasite resistance. Knowledge of different mechanisms of host immunity and the critical regulation of parasite development, physiology, and virulence can also selectively identify targets for parasite control. Comparative transcriptome analysis, in concert with genome-wide association (GWS) studies to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting host resistance, represents a promising molecular technology to evaluate integrated control strategies that involve breed and environmental factors that contribute to parasite resistance and improved performance. Tailoring these factors to control parasitism without severely affecting production qualities, management efficiencies, and responses to pathogenic co-infection will remain a challenge. This review summarizes recent progress and limitations of understanding regulatory genetic networks and biological pathways that affect host resistance and susceptibility to nematode infection in ruminants.

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Silva B, Bassetto C, Shaw R, Canavessi A, Amarante A. Parasitism by Oestrus ovis: Influence of sheep breed and nematode infections. Vet Parasitol 2012;186:437-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]

Detection of a quantitative trait locus associated with resistance to Ascaris suum infection in pigs. Int J Parasitol 2012;42:383-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]

Cardia D, Rocha-Oliveira R, Tsunemi M, Amarante A. Immune response and performance of growing Santa Ines lambs to artificial Trichostrongylus colubriformis infections. Vet Parasitol 2011;182:248-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]

Shakya K, Miller J, Lomax L, Burnett D. Evaluation of immune response to artificial infections of Haemonchus contortus in Gulf Coast Native compared with Suffolk lambs. Vet Parasitol 2011;181:239-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]

Small ruminant resistance against gastrointestinal nematodes: a case of Haemonchus contortus. Parasitol Res 2011;109:1483-500. [PMID: 21842390 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]

Abstract

Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections are a common constraint to small ruminant industry throughout the world, and among those, haemonchosis has its own significance. Control of GIN primarily relies on the use of anthelmintics, but this approach has become less reliable due to the development of resistance in GINs against commonly used anthelmintics and an increased consumer demand for environmentally friendly animal products. These issues have stimulated investigations to find alternative sustainable control strategies, which are less reliant on anthelmintic input. One of such strategies is breeding of small ruminants for their resistance to the GINs. The susceptibility and resistance of animals to GIN infections varies within and between breeds. Various parasitological, biochemical and immunological parameters are employed to evaluate natural resistance status of animals both in natural pasture and artificial infections. The immune mechanisms responsible for resistance are not completely understood, but it has a significant effect in inherited resistance. Relatively resistant or tolerant animals show better local and generalised immune response as compared to susceptible. Immune response against GINs is influenced by many physiological factors. Determination of specific genes linked with host resistance will provide a valuable approach to find out the molecular mechanism of host resistance to GINs. Resistance has been reported to reduce pasture contamination, which in turn reduces re-infection and thus the requirement of the frequent anthelmintic treatments. The efficiency of control can be increased through objective and accurate identification of genetically tolerant individuals by natural and artificial infections with GINs. Complete resistance is the ultimate solution, but this has generally been ignored as a commercial reality. This paper reviews the published reports on natural resistance in small ruminants and discusses the prospects of developing small ruminants, which could be resistant to GINs.

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