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Ruiz-Campillo MT, Pacheco IL, Abril N, Bautista MJ, Martínez-Moreno Á, Martínez-Moreno FJ, Buffoni L, Pérez J, Molina-Hernández V, Zafra R. Evaluation of Th1/Th2, regulatory cytokines and transcriptional factor FoxP3 in sheep immunized with a partially protective and non-protective vaccine and challenged with Fasciola hepatica. Vet Res 2024; 55:53. [PMID: 38658996 PMCID: PMC11044403 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene expression for Th1/Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IFN-ɣ), regulatory cytokines (TGF-β and IL-10) and the transcriptional factor FoxP3 was analyzed in the liver and hepatic lymph nodes (HLN) from sheep immunized with partially protective and non-protective vaccine candidates and challenged with Fasciola hepatica. FoxP3 T cells were also evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHQ). The most remarkable difference between the partially protected vaccinated (V1) group and the non-protected vaccinated (V2) group was a more severe expansion of FoxP3 T cells recorded by IHQ in both the liver and HLN of the V2 group as compared to the V1 group, whereas no differences were found between the V2 group and the infected control (IC) group. Similar results were recorded for FoxP3 gene expression although significant differences among V1 and V2 groups were only significant in the HLN, while FoxP3 gene expression was very similar in the V2 and IC groups both in the liver and HLN. No significant differences for the remaining cytokines were recorded between the V1 and V2 groups, but in the liver the V2 group shows significant increases of IFN-ɣ and IL-10 as compared to the uninfected control (UC) group whereas the V1 group did not. The lower expansion of FoxP3 T cells and lower increase of IFN-ɣ and IL-10 in the partially protected vaccinated group may be related with lower hepatic lesions and fluke burdens recorded in this group as compared to the other two infected groups. The most relevant change in regulatory cytokine gene expression was the significant increase of TGF-β in the liver of IC, V1 and V2 groups as compared to the UC group, which could be related to hepatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Ruiz-Campillo
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Isabel Lourdes Pacheco
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nieves Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María José Bautista
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología), Facultad de Veterinaria, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología), Facultad de Veterinaria, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Leandro Buffoni
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología), Facultad de Veterinaria, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Pérez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Verónica Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Rafael Zafra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología), Facultad de Veterinaria, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio de Sanidad Animal, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
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Meng Z, Zhai L, Guo Y, Zheng M, Li L, Wen C, Zhang W, Di W. Secondary infection of Fasciola gigantica in buffaloes shows a similar pattern of serum cytokine secretion as in primary infection. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1109947. [PMID: 37152685 PMCID: PMC10157221 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1109947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a natural host of Fasciola gigantica, buffalo is widely infected by F. gigantica. Its impact on buffalo production has caused great losses to the husbandry sector, and repeat infection is non-negligible. In buffaloes experimentally infected with F. gigantica, primary and secondary infection have yielded the same rate of fluke recovery, indicating a high susceptibility of buffalo to F. gigantica, which contributes to the high infection rate. Determining the immunological mechanism of susceptibility will deepen the understanding of the interaction between F. gigantica and buffalo. Here, we explored the immune response of buffaloes against primary and secondary F. gigantica infection, with a focus on cytokines' dynamics explored through serum cytokine detection. Methods Buffaloes were assigned to three groups: group A (noninfected, n = 4), group B (primary infection, n = 3), and group C (secondary infection, n = 3). Group B was infected via oral gavage with 250 viable F. gigantica metacercariae, and group C was infected twice with 250 metacercariae at an interval of 4 weeks. The second infection of group C was performed simultaneously with that of group B. Whole blood samples were collected pre-infection (0 weeks) and at 1-6, 10, and 12 weeks after that. The serum levels of seven cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β, and IL-17) were simultaneously determined using ELISA and further analyzed. Results In the present study, no significant changes in Th1-type cytokines production were detected in early infection, both in primary and secondary infections, while the Th2-type response was strongly induced. A comparison of primary and secondary infection showed no significant difference in the cytokine secretion, which may indicate that the re-infection at 4 weeks after primary infection could not induce a robust adaptive immune response. The full extent of interaction between buffalo and F. gigantica in re-infection requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lele Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanfeng Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Mengwei Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chongli Wen
- Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Weiyu Zhang,
| | - Wenda Di
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Wenda Di,
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Differential Activity of Human Leukocyte Extract on Systemic Immune Response and Cyst Growth in Mice with Echinococcus Multilocularis Infection After Oral, Subcutaneous and Intraperitoneal Routes of Administration. Helminthologia 2022; 59:341-356. [PMID: 36875680 PMCID: PMC9979067 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2022-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis is serious parasitic diseases associated with the host´s immunosuppression. The effects of human non-immune dialyzable leukocyte extract (DLE) on immune cells in blood and spleen and parasitic cysts weight in Balb/c mice after oral (PO), subcutaneous (SC) and intraperitoneal administration (IP) were compared. The reduction in cysts weight (p < 0.01) was recorded after PO route, whereas moderate reduction was found after SC and IP routes. The elevation of lymphoid populations in blood and spleen was found after PO administration (p < 0.01) in parallel with reduced myeloid population. Infection-elicited decline in B220+B cells was partially abolished by PO route, but DLE routes did not influence the CD3+ T cells. The proportions of CD3+CD4+Th lymphocytes were moderately upregulated, whereas CD3+CD8+Tc populations were reduced after all DLE routes (p < 0.01). PO administration increased CD11b+MHCIIhigh blood monocytes, CD11b-SigleF+ cell, but not CD11b+Si-glecF+ eosinophils in the blood, stimulated after SC and IP routes. DLE induced downregulation of NO production by LPS-stimulated adherent splenocytes ex vivo. Con A-triggered T lymphocyte proliferation was associated with the elevated IFN-γ production and transcription factor Tbet mRNA expression. The alleviation of Th2 (IL-4) and Treg (TGF-β) cytokine production by lymphocytes ex vivo paralleled with downregulation of gene transcription for cytokines, GATA and FoxP3. Reduction of myeloid cells with suppressive activity was found. The SC and IP routes affected partially the cysts weights, diminished significantly gene transcription, NO levels and Th2 and Treg cytokines production. Results showed that PO route of DLE administration was the most effective in ameliorating immunosuppression via stimulation of Th1 type, reducing Th2 and Treg type of immunity and CD3+CD8+Tc lymphocytes in the blood and spleens during E. multilocularis infection in mice.
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Medeiros RMTE, Carvalho AMRS, Ferraz IDA, Medeiros FAC, Cruz LDR, Rocha MODC, Coelho EAF, Gonçalves DU, Mendes TADO, Duarte MC, Menezes-Souza D. Mapping linear B-cell epitopes of the Tryparedoxin Peroxidase and its implications in the serological diagnosis of tegumentary leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 2022; 232:106521. [PMID: 35595092 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is essential to avoid permanent damage and severe functional sequelae and there is an urgent need to discover new antigens. The present study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the potential use of the Tryparedoxin Peroxidase (TryP) as an antigen for serological tests. The proposal integrates data from immunoproteomics with immunoinformatics, in addition to a precise analysis of protein levels in the evolutionary stages of the parasite by flow cytometry. To evaluate the performance in the diagnosis of TL, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) assays were performed using the recombinant protein and the respective B-cell epitope, followed by an analysis of the contribution of this peptide in the recognition of the protein by patients, evaluated by serum depletion assays. We showed that the TryP has a linear B-cell epitope with high divergence compared to orthologs from Trypanosoma cruzi and Homo sapiens. The results also show high expression and positive cells for TryP (TryP+) in the infective metacyclic promastigotes (MET) and intracellular (24 and 48 hours) stages. From the depletion assays, it was possible to confirm the contribution of the peptide in the specific recognition of the TryP protein by patients with TL (13.7-15.9%). ELISA using the peptide showed high performance in the diagnosis compared to the recombinant TryP (rTryP), Soluble Leishmania braziliensis Antigen (sLba) and Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) with accuracy of 94.29, 89.29, 65.00 and 37.14%, respectively). We can conclude that the MNEPAPP peptide is a potential antigen for the diagnosis of TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutyanne Maria Tonelli Elisei Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Ravena Severino Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela de Andrade Ferraz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Alvarenga Cardoso Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiza Dos Reis Cruz
- Laboratorio de Química Orgânica Sintética, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Manoel Otávio da Costa Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antonio Ferraz Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Denise Utsch Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Costa Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Menezes-Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Mei X, Zhang Y, Quan C, Liang Y, Huang W, Shi W. Characterization of the Pathology, Biochemistry, and Immune Response in Kunming (KM) Mice Following Fasciola gigantica Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:793571. [PMID: 35071045 PMCID: PMC8766847 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.793571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a putative model of Fasciola gigantica infection, detailed data in Kunming (KM) mice infected with F. gigantica are lacking. In this study, KM mice were orally infected with 15 metacercaria for 8 weeks. Macroscopic and microscopic changes, serum biochemistry, cytokine responses, and changes in parasite-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels were monitored at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 8 weeks post-infection (wpi), respectively. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased after infection, while that of albumin (ALB) decreased, which was positively correlated with the degree of liver damage. Between 5 and 7 wpi, the mice showed symptoms of anemia and weight loss, possibly caused by the decrease of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Moreover, the changing tendencies of the levels of globulin (GLB) and parasite-specific IgG antibody were similar, suggesting a potential correlation between GLB production and adaptive immune response in the host. Coordinated variations in interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) indicated a mixed T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 cellular immune response. Furthermore, the serum IgG antibody increased after infection and peaked at 5 wpi, and it was positively correlated with the average parasite burdens. The worms collected from mice were approximately 1 cm in length at 8 wpi, their digestive and reproductive systems were well developed, and no eggs were found in the uterus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing detailed histological, biochemical, and immunological indices in KM mice infected with F. gigantica, which provides basic information on KM mice against infection with F. gigantica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Mei
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Chenyu Quan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Yiying Liang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiyi Huang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Zerna G, Spithill TW, Beddoe T. Current Status for Controlling the Overlooked Caprine Fasciolosis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1819. [PMID: 34207215 PMCID: PMC8235714 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The disease fasciolosis is caused by the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, which infect a wide range of mammals and production livestock, including goats. These flatworm parasites are globally distributed and predicted to cost the livestock industry a now conservative USD 3 billion per year in treatment and lowered on-farm productivity. Infection poses a risk to animal welfare and results in lowered fertility rates and reduced production yields of meat, milk and wool. This zoonotic disease is estimated to infect over 600 million animals and up to 2.4 million humans. Current and future control is threatened with the global emergence of flukes resistant to anthelmintics. Drug resistance calls for immediate on-farm parasite management to ensure treatments are effective and re-infection rates are kept low, while a sustainable long-term control method, such as a vaccine, is being developed. Despite the recent expansion of the goat industry, particularly in developing countries, there are limited studies on goat-focused vaccine control studies and the effectiveness of drug treatments. There is a requirement to collate caprine-specific fasciolosis knowledge. This review will present the current status of liver fluke caprine infections and potential control methods for application in goat farming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Travis Beddoe
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; (G.Z.); (T.W.S.)
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Ricafrente A, Nguyen H, Tran N, Donnelly S. An Evaluation of the Fasciola hepatica miRnome Predicts a Targeted Regulation of Mammalian Innate Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 11:608686. [PMID: 33584684 PMCID: PMC7878377 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms by which parasitic worms (helminths) control their hosts’ immune responses is critical to the development of effective new disease interventions. Fasciola hepatica, a global scourge of humans and their livestock, suppresses host innate immune responses within hours of infection, ensuring that host protective responses are quickly incapacitated. This allows the parasite to freely migrate from the intestine, through the liver to ultimately reside in the bile duct, where the parasite establishes a chronic infection that is largely tolerated by the host. The recent identification of micro(mi)RNA, small RNAs that regulate gene expression, within the extracellular vesicles secreted by helminths suggest that these non-coding RNAs may have a role in the parasite-host interplay. To date, 77 miRNAs have been identified in F. hepatica comprising primarily of ancient conserved species of miRNAs. We hypothesized that many of these miRNAs are utilized by the parasite to regulate host immune signaling pathways. To test this theory, we first compiled all of the known published F. hepatica miRNAs and critically curated their sequences and annotations. Then with a focus on the miRNAs expressed by the juvenile worms, we predicted gene targets within human innate immune cells. This approach revealed the existence of targets within every immune cell, providing evidence for the universal management of host immunology by this parasite. Notably, there was a high degree of redundancy in the potential for the parasite to regulate the activation of dendritic cells, eosinophils and neutrophils, with multiple miRNAs predicted to act on singular gene targets within these cells. This original exploration of the Fasciola miRnome offers the first molecular insight into mechanisms by which F. hepatica can regulate the host protective immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Ricafrente
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Hieu Nguyen
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Nham Tran
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Sheila Donnelly
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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Nasreldin N, Zaki RS. Biochemical and immunological investigation of fascioliasis in cattle in Egypt. Vet World 2020; 13:923-930. [PMID: 32636589 PMCID: PMC7311878 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.923-930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica are two commonly reported liver flukes that cause fascioliasis in ruminants. Among the members of the genus Fasciola, F. hepatica was identified in the study area. Fascioliasis is a major disease that affects the production of livestock by causing liver damage. F. hepatica has developed advanced mechanisms to trick, elude, and alter the host immune response, similar to an extrinsic stressor. These mechanisms consequently affect the animals' physiological and metabolic functions in vivo and postmortem changes, which have significant influences on animal welfare and meat quality development. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the current prevalence of cattle fascioliasis at abattoirs in El-Kharga city, New Valley Governorate, Egypt, and to investigate the changes in serum biochemical and immunological parameters and oxidative stress factors due to Fasciola spp. infection in terms of meat quality and immune response. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 226 cattle were inspected for the presence of Fasciola spp. The liver of each cattle was examined by making several incisions for detecting adult Fasciola spp. in El- Kharga. The blood samples were collected to analyze the changes in serum biochemical and immunological parameters and oxidative stress factors. RESULTS Of the 226 cattle, 38 (16.81%) were positive for F. hepatica at the postmortem examination. Cattle infected with F. hepatica had highly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyl transferase, urea, and creatinine levels. Immunological cytokine profiles showed significantly increased serum interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-beta levels and a significantly decreased interferon-γ level. Furthermore, oxidative stress profiles showed significantly increased serum malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and significantly decreased total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione level. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that F. hepatica infection alone is an oxidative stress factor that affects slaughtered animals, leading to biochemical and metabolic alterations in the early postmortem period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nani Nasreldin
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, El-Kharga, P.O. Box 72511, Egypt
| | - Rania Samir Zaki
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, El-Kharga, Egypt
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May K, Weimann C, Scheper C, Strube C, König S. Allele substitution and dominance effects of CD166/ALCAM gene polymorphisms for endoparasite resistance and test-day traits in a small cattle population using logistic regression analyses. Mamm Genome 2019; 30:301-317. [PMID: 31650268 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-019-09818-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) gene on liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) infections (FH-INF), gastrointestinal nematode infections (GIN-INF) and disease indicator traits [e.g. somatic cell score (SCS), fat-to-protein ratio (FPR)] in German dual-purpose cattle (DSN). A genome-wide association study inferred the chip SNP ALCAMc.73+32791A>G as a candidate for F. hepatica resistance in DSN. Because of the crucial function of ALCAM in immune responses, SNPs in the gene might influence further resistance and performance traits. Causal mutations were identified in exon 9 (ALCAMc.1017T>C) and intron 9 (ALCAMc.1104+10T>A, ALCAMc.1104+85T>C) in a selective subset of 94 DSN cows. We applied logistic regression analyses for the association between SNP genotypes with residuals for endoparasite traits (rINF-FH, rGIN-INF) and estimated breeding values (EBVs) for test-day traits. The probability of the heterozygous genotype was estimated in dependency of the target trait. Allele substitution effects for rFH-INF were significant for all four loci. The T allele of the SNPs ALCAMc.1017T>C and ALCAMc.1104+85T>C was the favourable allele when improving resistance against FH-INF. Significant allele substitution for rGIN-INF was only found for the chip SNP ALCAMc.73+32791A>G. We identified significant associations between the SNPs with EBVs for milk fat%, protein% and FPR. Dominance effects for the EBVs of test-day traits ranged from 0.00 to 0.47 SD and were in the direction of improved resistance for rFH-INF. We estimated favourable dominance effects from same genotypes for rFH-INF and FPR, but dominance effects were antagonistic between rFH-INF and SCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina May
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Christina Weimann
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carsten Scheper
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christina Strube
- Institute for Parasitology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sven König
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
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10
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Sheng ZA, Li J, Wang DY, Kang YQ, Wei ZY, Zhang FK, Zhu XQ, Luo HL, Huang WY. Th2-related cytokines are associated with Fasciola gigantica infection and evasion in the natural host, swamp buffalo. Vet Parasitol 2019; 268:73-80. [PMID: 30981309 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The infection of ruminants by Fasciola spp. always induces a non-protective Th2-type immune response. However, little is known about changes in the local and systemic immune environment during F. gigantica migration in buffalo. In this study, native swamp buffaloes were each infected with 500 viable F. gigantica metacercariae. Mesenteric lymph node (MLN), hepatic lymph node (HLN), spleen, and serum samples were collected from control and infected buffaloes at 3, 10, 28, 42, 70, and 98 days post-infection (DPI). The mRNA expression levels of the Th1- and Th2-related cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and CD4 were measured during different infection stages in the MLNs, spleens, and HLNs using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Levels of the specific anti-ESP isotype antibodies IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 were used to reflect changes in humoral immunity. The results of this study indicated that swamp buffaloes were susceptible to F. gigantica infection, and that susceptibility to this infection was closely related to the cytokine environment associated with the Th2-type immune response. The MLNs showed a mixed Th1- and Th2-type immune response during the acute infection stages, after which the production of these cytokines returned to normal. Cytokine expression in the HLNs also expressed a mixed Th1- and Th2-type immune response during the early infection stages. When the infection became chronic, the typical Th2 immune response was induced in the HLNs. At the acute infection stages, the spleen exhibited a Th2 immune response. Nevertheless, cytokines associated with the Th1 and Th2 immune responses were upregulated at 98 DPI. In addition, the total IgG and IgG1 of the parasite-specific antibodies increased. This suggested that the Th2-related cytokines and IgG1 induced by F. gigantica infection might mediate successful F. gigantica infection in the natural host, swamp buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-An Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Dong-Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, PR China
| | - Yang-Qun Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, PR China
| | - Fu-Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China
| | - Hong-Lin Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Institute of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, PR China.
| | - Wei-Yi Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, PR China.
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11
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Cwiklinski K, Donnelly S, Drysdale O, Jewhurst H, Smith D, De Marco Verissimo C, Pritsch IC, O'Neill S, Dalton JP, Robinson MW. The cathepsin-like cysteine peptidases of trematodes of the genus Fasciola. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2019; 104:113-164. [PMID: 31030768 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis caused by trematode parasites of the genus Fasciola is a global disease of livestock, particularly cattle, sheep, water buffalo and goats. It is also a major human zoonosis with reports suggesting that 2.4-17 million people are infected worldwide, and 91.1 million people currently living at risk of infection. A unique feature of these worms is their reliance on a family of developmentally-regulated papain-like cysteine peptidases, termed cathepsins. These proteolytic enzymes play central roles in virulence, infection, tissue migration and modulation of host innate and adaptive immune responses. The availability of a Fasciola hepatica genome, and the exploitation of transcriptomic and proteomic technologies to probe parasite growth and development, has enlightened our understanding of the cathepsin-like cysteine peptidases. Here, we clarify the structure of the cathepsin-like cysteine peptidase families and, in this context, review the phylogenetics, structure, biochemistry and function of these enzymes in the host-parasite relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Cwiklinski
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Donnelly
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Orla Drysdale
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Jewhurst
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Izanara C Pritsch
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Sandra O'Neill
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - John P Dalton
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W Robinson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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12
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Pérez-Caballero R, Buffoni L, Martínez-Moreno FJ, Zafra R, Molina-Hernández V, Pérez J, Martínez-Moreno Á. Expression of free radicals by peritoneal cells of sheep during the early stages of Fasciola hepatica infection. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:500. [PMID: 30189903 PMCID: PMC6127906 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of vaccination studies against infection with F. hepatica in a natural host have been conducted at the late stage of the infection when the host's immune response is already immunomodulated by the parasite towards a Th2 non-protective response. This study was aimed at analysing the dynamic of the cell populations present in peritoneal liquid and the production of free radicals by the peritoneal leukocytes in infected and vaccinated sheep with recombinant cathepsin L1 of F. hepatica (rFhCL1) in early stages of the infection. METHODS Forty-five sheep were divided into three groups: Group 1 remained as negative control (n = 5), Group 2 (n = 20) was challenged with F. hepatica and Group 3 (n = 20) was vaccinated with rFhCL1 and challenged with F. hepatica. After the slaughtering, peritoneal lavages were carried out at 1, 3, 9 and 18 days post-infection (dpi) to isolate peritoneal cell populations. Flow cytometry was conducted to assess levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO). RESULTS There was a significant increase in the total number of leukocytes at 9 and 18 dpi in infected and vaccinated groups. Production of H2O2 was significantly increased in peritoneal granulocytes in both infected and vaccinated groups. Production of nitric oxide showed a significant rise in the granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages in infected and vaccinated sheep. The NO production by granulocytes at 3 and 9 dpi was significantly higher in the vaccinated than in the infected animals. CONCLUSIONS Experimental infection induced an increase in the total number of leukocytes within the abdominal cavity at 9 and 18 dpi, being more noticeable in vaccinated animals. Production of H2O2 occurred mainly in granulocytes of vaccinated and infected animals. Production of NO was incremented in vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals in all peritoneal cells. Vaccinated animals produced significant higher level of H2O2 and NO than infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Pérez-Caballero
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Leandro Buffoni
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - F Javier Martínez-Moreno
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Zafra
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Verónica Molina-Hernández
- Anatomy and Comparative Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Pérez
- Anatomy and Comparative Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Moreno
- Animal Health Department (Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
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13
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Pacheco IL, Abril N, Zafra R, Molina-Hernández V, Morales-Prieto N, Bautista MJ, Ruiz-Campillo MT, Pérez-Caballero R, Martínez-Moreno A, Pérez J. Fasciola hepatica induces Foxp3 T cell, proinflammatory and regulatory cytokine overexpression in liver from infected sheep during early stages of infection. Vet Res 2018; 49:56. [PMID: 29970179 PMCID: PMC6029414 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of T regulatory cells (Foxp3), regulatory (interleukin [IL]-10 and transforming growth factor beta [TGF-β]) and proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] and interleukin [IL]-1β) cytokines was quantified using real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in the liver of sheep during early stages of infection with Fasciola hepatica (1, 3, 9, and 18 days post-infection [dpi]). Portal fibrosis was also evaluated by Masson's trichrome stain as well as the number of Foxp3+ cells by immunohistochemistry. Animals were divided into three groups: (a) group 1 was immunized with recombinant cathepsin L1 from F. hepatica (FhCL1) in Montanide adjuvant and infected; (b) group 2 was uniquely infected with F. hepatica; and (c) group 3 was the control group, unimmunized and uninfected. An overexpression of regulatory cytokines of groups 1 and 2 was found in all time points tested in comparison with group 3, particularly at 18 dpi. A significant increase of the number of Foxp3+ lymphocytes in groups 1 and 2 was found at 9 and 18 dpi relative to group 3. A progressive increase in portal fibrosis was found in groups 1 and 2 in comparison with group 3. In this regard, group 1 showed smaller areas of fibrosis than group 2. There was a significant positive correlation between Foxp3 and IL-10 expression (by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR) just as between portal fibrosis and TGF-β gene expression. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines increased gradually during the experience. These findings suggest the induction of a regulatory phenotype by the parasite that would allow its survival at early stages of the disease when it is more vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel L. Pacheco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nieves Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Córdoba, Severo Ochoa Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Zafra
- Department of Animal Health (Parasitology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Verónica Molina-Hernández
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Noelia Morales-Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Córdoba, Severo Ochoa Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María J. Bautista
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María T. Ruiz-Campillo
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl Pérez-Caballero
- Department of Animal Health (Parasitology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alvaro Martínez-Moreno
- Department of Animal Health (Parasitology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Pérez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Sanidad Animal Building, Rabanales Campus, Córdoba, Spain
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14
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Stempin CC, Motrán CC, Aoki MP, Falcón CR, Cerbán FM, Cervi L. PD-L2 negatively regulates Th1-mediated immunopathology during Fasciola hepatica infection. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77721-77731. [PMID: 27783986 PMCID: PMC5363616 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage plasticity is critical for controlling inflammation including those produced by helminth infections, where alternatively activated macrophages (AAM) are accumulated in tissues. AAM expressing the co-inhibitory molecule programmed death ligand 2 (PD-L2), which is capable of binding programmed death 1 (PD-1) expressed on activated T cells, have been demonstrated in different parasitic infections. However, the role of PD-L2 during F. hepatica infection has not yet been explored. We observed that F. hepatica infection or a F. hepatica total extract (TE) injection increased the expression of PD-L2 on peritoneal macrophages. In addition, the absence of PD-L2 expression correlated with an increase in susceptibility to F. hepatica infection, as evidenced by the shorter survival and increased liver damage observed in PD-L2 deficient (KO) mice. We assessed the contribution of the PD-L2 pathway to Th2 polarization during this infection, and found that the absence of PD-L2 caused a diminished Th2 type cytokine production by TE stimulated splenocytes from PD-L2 KO infected compared with WT mice. Besides, splenocytes and intrahepatic leukocytes from infected PD-L2 KO mice showed higher levels of IFN-γ than those from WT mice. Arginase expression and activity and IL-10 production were reduced in macrophages from PD-L2 KO mice compared to those from WT mice, revealing a strong correlation between PD-L2 expression and AAM polarization. Taken together, our data indicate that PD-L2 expression in macrophages is critical for AAM induction and the maintenance of an optimal balance between the Th1- and Th2-type immune responses to assure host survival during F. hepatica infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia C Stempin
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia C Motrán
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María P Aoki
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristian R Falcón
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fabio M Cerbán
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Cervi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende y Haya de la Torre, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
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15
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Dairy Heifers Naturally Exposed to Fasciola hepatica Develop a Type 2 Immune Response and Concomitant Suppression of Leukocyte Proliferation. Infect Immun 2017; 86:IAI.00607-17. [PMID: 28993458 PMCID: PMC5736823 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00607-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a parasitic trematode of global importance in livestock. Control strategies reliant on anthelmintics are unsustainable due to the emergence of drug resistance. Vaccines are under development, but efficacies are variable. Evidence from experimental infection suggests that vaccine efficacy may be affected by parasite-induced immunomodulation. Little is known about the immune response to F. hepatica following natural exposure. Hence, we analyzed the immune responses over time in calves naturally exposed to F. hepatica infection. Cohorts of replacement dairy heifer calves (n = 42) with no prior exposure to F. hepatica, on three commercial dairy farms, were sampled over the course of a grazing season. Exposure was determined through an F. hepatica-specific serum antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fluke egg counts. Concurrent changes in peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine responses were measured. Relationships between fluke infection and immune responses were analyzed by using multivariable linear mixed-effect models. All calves from one farm showed evidence of exposure, while cohorts from the remaining two farms remained negative over the grazing season. A type 2 immune response was associated with exposure, with increased interleukin-4 (IL-4) production, IL-5 transcription, and eosinophilia. Suppression of parasite-specific peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation was evident, while decreased mitogen-stimulated gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production suggested immunomodulation, which was not restricted to parasite-specific responses. Our findings show that the global immune response is modulated toward a nonproliferative type 2 state following natural challenge with F. hepatica. This has implications in terms of the timing of the administration of vaccination programs and for host susceptibility to coinfecting pathogens.
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16
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Evaluation of interleukin-10 producing CD19 + B cells in human gingival tissue. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 84:112-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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17
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Zhang FK, Guo AJ, Hou JL, Sun MM, Sheng ZA, Zhang XX, Huang WY, Elsheikha HM, Zhu XQ. Serum levels of cytokines in water buffaloes experimentally infected with Fasciola gigantica. Vet Parasitol 2017; 244:97-101. [PMID: 28917326 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola gigantica infection in water buffaloes causes significant economic losses especially in developing countries. Although modulation of the host immune response by cytokine neutralization or vaccination is a promising approach to control infection with this parasite, our understanding of cytokine's dynamic during F. gigantica infection is limited. To address this, we quantified the levels of serum cytokines produced in water buffaloes following experimental infection with F. gigantica. Five buffaloes were infected via oral gavage with 500 viable F. gigantica metacercariae and blood samples were collected from buffaloes one week before infection and for 13 consecutive weeks thereafter. The levels of 10 cytokines in serum samples were simultaneously determined using ELISA. F. gigantica failed to elicit the production of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ. On the other hand, evidence of a Th2 type response was detected, but only early in the course of parasite colonization and included modest increase in the levels of IL-10 and IL-13. The results also revealed suppression of the immune responses as a feature of chronic F. gigantica infection in buffaloes. Taken together, F. gigantica seems to elicit a modest Th2 response at early stage of infection in order to downregulate harmful Th1- and Th17-type inflammatory responses in experimentally infected buffaloes. The full extent of anti-F. gigantica immune response and its relation to pathogenesis requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - Ai-Jiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - Jun-Ling Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - Miao-Miao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - Zhao-An Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530005, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - Wei-Yi Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530005, PR China
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China.
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18
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Pacheco IL, Abril N, Morales-Prieto N, Bautista MJ, Zafra R, Escamilla A, Ruiz MT, Martínez-Moreno A, Pérez J. Th1/Th2 balance in the liver and hepatic lymph nodes of vaccinated and unvaccinated sheep during acute stages of infection with Fasciola hepatica. Vet Parasitol 2017; 238:61-65. [PMID: 28385539 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The expression of IFNγ and IL4 was quantified using q-PCR in the liver and hepatic lymph nodes (HLN) of sheep during early stages of infection with Fasciola hepatica (1, 3, 9 and 18days post-infection, dpi). A group of animals (Group 1) were vaccinated with Fasciola hepatica recombinant cathepsin L1 (FhCL1) in montanide 70 VG prior to infection, a second group (group 2) was used as infected control and a third (group 3) was used as uninfected control. To study vaccine efficacy three additional groups were sacrificed 19 weeks post-infection (group 4 immunized with CL1, group 5 with the adjuvant and group 6 was used as infected control). The vaccinated group did not show significant fluke reduction compared to the adjuvant group and infected control group. IL4 expression was observed to increase at 9 dpi and was further elevated at 18 dpi in the liver and HLN of vaccinated and infected control groups compared to the uninfected group. IFNγ expression exhibited different dynamics in the liver and HLN compared to IL4; thus, in the liver this cytokine increased at 9 dpi in the vaccinated and at 18 dpi in vaccinated and infected control groups, while in the HLN it decreased gradually and significantly from 1 dpi onwards. These results suggest that a marked Th2 polarization is present from 9 dpi in HLN and from 18 dpi in the liver. The increase of IFNγ in the liver may correspond with tissue damage response with granuloma formation. The FhCL1 vaccine did not alter the Th1/Th2 balance when compared to unvaccinated and infected sheep. The study of IFNγ and IL4 in the various tissue compartments in sheep could facilitate selection of new adjuvants inducing a strong Th1 response for a more rationale vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I L Pacheco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - N Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - N Morales-Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - M J Bautista
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - R Zafra
- Department of Animal Health (Parasitology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - A Escamilla
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - M T Ruiz
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - A Martínez-Moreno
- Department of Animal Health (Parasitology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Pérez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain.
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Bellet C, Green M, Vickers M, Forbes A, Berry E, Kaler J. Ostertagia spp ., rumen fluke and liver fluke single- and poly-infections in cattle: An abattoir study of prevalence and production impacts in England and Wales. Prev Vet Med 2016; 132:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Alvarez Rojas CA, Scheerlinck JP, Ansell BRE, Hall RS, Gasser RB, Jex AR. Time-Course Study of the Transcriptome of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from Sheep Infected with Fasciola hepatica. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159194. [PMID: 27438474 PMCID: PMC4954650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a parasitic trematode that infects a wide range of mammalian hosts, including livestock and humans, in temperate and tropical regions globally. This trematode causes the disease fascioliasis, which consists of an acute phase (≤ 12 weeks) during which juvenile parasites migrate through the host liver tissues, and a chronic phase (> 12 weeks) following the establishment of adult parasites in the liver bile ducts. Few studies have explored the progression of the host response over the course of Fasciola infection in the same animals. In this study, we characterized transcriptomic changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from sheep at three time points over the first eight weeks of infection relative to uninfected controls. In total, 183 and 76 genes were found to be differentially transcribed at two and eight weeks post-infection respectively. Functional and pathway analysis of differentially transcribed genes revealed changes related to T-cell activation that may underpin a Th2-biased immune response against this parasite. This first insight into the dynamics of host responses during the early stages of infection improves the understanding of the pathogenesis of acute fascioliasis, informs vaccine development and presents a set of PBMC markers with diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian A Alvarez Rojas
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Scheerlinck
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Brendan R E Ansell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ross S Hall
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Aaron R Jex
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Population Health and Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, 3052, Australia
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21
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Seric and hepatic NTPDase and 5' nucleotidase activities of rats experimentally infected by Fasciola hepatica. Parasitology 2016; 143:551-6. [PMID: 26928238 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182015001882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic activities of NTPDase and 5'nucleotidase are important to regulate the concentration of adenine nucleotides, known molecules involved in many physiological functions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of NTPDase and 5'nucleotidase in serum and liver tissue of rats infected by Fasciola hepatica. Rats were divided into two groups: uninfected control and infected. NTPDase activity for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ADP substrates in the liver was higher compared with the control group at 15 days post-infection (PI), while seric activity was lower. In addition, seric and hepatic samples did not show changes for 5'nucleotidase activity at this time. On the other hand, either NTPDase or 5'nucleotidase activities in liver homogenate and serum were higher at 87 days PI. Early in the infection, low NTPDase activity maintains an increase of ATP in the bloodstream in order to activate host immune response, while in hepatic tissue it decreases extracellular ATP to maintain a low inflammatory response in the tissue. As stated, higher NTPDase and 5'nucleotidase activities 87 days after infection in serum and tissue, probably results on an increased concentration of adenosine molecule which stimulates a Th2 immune response. Thus, it is possible to conclude that F. hepatica infections lead to different levels of nucleotide degradation when considering the two stages of infection studied, which influences the inflammatory and pathological processes developed by the purinergic system.
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Oxidative stress associated with pathological lesions in the liver of rats experimentally infected by Fasciola hepatica. Exp Parasitol 2015; 159:24-8. [PMID: 26311170 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the antioxidant status and oxidative profile in serum and liver of rats experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica and its relationship with pathological findings. Twenty-four rats were divided into two groups: group A consisted of 12 healthy rats and group B of 12 rats infected orally with 20 metacercaria of F. hepatica. At days 20 and 150 post-infection (PI), blood and liver samples of six animals from each group were collected. The protein oxidation (AOPP technique: advanced oxidation protein products) and antioxidants (FRAP technique: ferric reducing antioxidant power) levels were measured in serum and liver. Furthermore, nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels and lipid peroxidation (TBARS technique: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) were measured in liver. AOPP and FRAP levels were increased (P < 0.05) in serum and liver of infected animals in acute and chronic infection when compared with healthy animals. The same occurred with TBARS and NOx levels in the liver (P < 0.05). Histopathology revealed periportal fibrous hepatitis, composed of an abundant inflammatory infiltrate in portal spaces on infected animals, as well as bile duct hyperplasia. The results found seem to be related to the host free radical production demonstrated in serum samples and liver due to the parasite infection.
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Ma X, Wang L, Zhao H, Pang N, Zhang F, Jiang T, Liu X, Mamuti W, Wen H, Ding J. Th17 cells are associated with the Th1/Th2‑cell balance during Echinococcus multilocularis infection. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:236-40. [PMID: 24789110 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the immunopathological effect of Echinococcus multilocularis (Em) using cytokine detection. Expression of the T‑helper (Th) 17‑cytokine, interleukin 17 (IL‑17), was observed using immunohistochemical staining, and levels of cytokines, including IL‑17, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β1), IL‑6, interferon γ (IFN‑γ) and IL‑4, were assessed using ELISA at different stages of infection. IL‑17 expression occurred in hepatic cells at 1 month post‑infection, reached a maximum at 3 months post‑infection and then decreased gradually. Compared with the uninfected control, levels of the cytokines IL‑17, TGF‑β1, IL‑6, IFN‑γ and IL‑4 exhibited different dynamic patterns when infected with Em. In the immune response during the whole infection period, Th17 cells play an important role by secreting IL‑17, which may be involved in the Th1/Th2‑cell balance during the immune response. Th17 cells are associated with immunopathology in Em infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Ma
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Pang
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Fengbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Xuelei Liu
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Wulamu Mamuti
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jianbing Ding
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
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