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Wang Q, Wang X, Ding J, Huang L, Wang Z. Structural insight of cell surface sugars in viral infection and human milk glycans as natural antiviral substance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:133867. [PMID: 39009265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections are caused by the adhesion of viruses to host cell receptors, including sialylated glycans, glycosaminoglycans, and human blood group antigens (HBGAs). Atomic-level structural information on the interactions between viral particles or proteins with glycans can be determined to provide precise targets for designing antiviral drugs. Milk glycans, existing as free oligosaccharides or glycoconjugates, have attracted increasing attention; milk glycans protect infants against infectious diseases, particularly poorly manageable viral infections. Furthermore, several glycans containing structurally distinct sialic acid/fucose/sulfate modifications in human milk acting as a "receptor decoy" and serving as the natural antiviral library, could interrupt virus-receptor interaction in the first line of defense for viral infection. This review highlights the basis of virus-glycan interactions, presents specific glycan receptor binding by gastroenterovirus viruses, including norovirus, enteroviruses, and the breakthroughs in the studies on the antiviral properties of human milk glycans, and also elucidates the role of glycans in respiratory viruses infection. In addition, recent advances in methods for performing virus/viral protein-glycan interactions were reported. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges of the studies on the clinical application of human milk glycan for viral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jieqiong Ding
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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2
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El-Fakharany EM, El-Gendi H, El-Maradny YA, Abu-Serie MM, Abdel-Wahhab KG, Shabana ME, Ashry M. Inhibitory effect of lactoferrin-coated zinc nanoparticles on SARS-CoV-2 replication and entry along with improvement of lung fibrosis induced in adult male albino rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125552. [PMID: 37356684 PMCID: PMC10290166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2019-new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a major global challenge caused by a pandemic disease, named 'COVID-19' with no effective and selective therapy available so far. COVID-19-associated mortality is directly related to the inability to suppress the viral infection and the uncontrolled inflammatory response. So, we investigated the antiviral efficiency of the nanofabricated and well-characterized lactoferrin-coated zinc nanoparticles (Lf-Zn-NPs) on SARS-CoV-2 replication and entry into host cells. Lf-Zn-NPs showed potent inhibition of the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells by inhibition of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor. This inhibitory activity of Lf-Zn-NPs to target the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the ACE2 receptor offers potent protection against COVID-19 outbreaks. Moreover, the administration of Lf-Zn-NPs markedly improved lung fibrosis disorders, as supported by histopathological findings and monitored by the significant reduction in the values of CRP, LDH, ferritin, and D-dimer, with a remarkable rise in CD4+, lung SOD, GPx, GSH, and CAT levels. Lf-Zn-NPs revealed therapeutic efficiency against lung fibrosis owing to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and ACE2-inhibiting activities. These findings suggest a promising nanomedicine agent against COVID-19 and its complications, with improved antiviral and immunomodulatory properties as well as a safer mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA- City), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Hamada El-Gendi
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Yousra A El-Maradny
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA- City), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt; Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alamein 51718, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mahmoud Ashry
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
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3
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Alhumam MN, Alhumam N, Kandeel M. The Antimicrobial Bifunctional Camel Lactoferrin: In Silico and Molecular Dynamic Perspective. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:2322286. [PMID: 37260852 PMCID: PMC10229236 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2322286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a major natural antimicrobial agent secreted in body fluids as a natural innate immunity protein. The action and structure of LF are closely related to its iron-binding capacity with structural reporting in open and closed conformations. This study looked at how lactoferrin structures change in camel (cLF), bovine (bLF), and human (hLF) lactoferrin closed forms after iron is removed from their binding sites. Initially, the sequence comparison between cLF and the LFs of marine mammals, bats, and domestic animals was the most intriguing conclusion. Camel LF is revealed to be more closely related to marine animals (~80.36% identity) and bats (~79.3% identity) than to terrestrial mammal species (~75.5% identity). Results indicated that cLF was more dynamic in nature than bLF and hLF by showing higher RMSD values. The cLF is known to be half lactoferrin half transferrin; in this study, we show that there are different MD behavior of both iron-binding sites. While LF contains two lobes (C- and N-lobes), the C-lobe showed high fluctuations as N-lobe was more stable in the absence of ferric ions. The C-lobe and N-lobe of cLF react differently at physiological pH, revealing distinct molecular interactions between these components. In addition, cLF showed higher system flexibility derived from its larger RMSD, RMSF, lower intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and higher solvent accessible surface area (SASA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maathir N. Alhumam
- College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naser Alhumam
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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4
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Acanthamoeba castellanii Genotype T4: Inhibition of Proteases Activity and Cytopathic Effect by Bovine Apo-Lactoferrin. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030708. [PMID: 36985284 PMCID: PMC10059889 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acanthamoeba castellanii genotype T4 is a clinically significant free-living amoeba that causes granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and amoebic keratitis in human beings. During the initial stages of infection, trophozoites interact with various host immune responses, such as lactoferrin (Lf), in the corneal epithelium, nasal mucosa, and blood. Lf plays an important role in the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, and evasion of the innate immune response is crucial in the colonization process. In this study, we describe the resistance of A. castellanii to the microbicidal effect of bovine apo-lactoferrin (apo-bLf) at different concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 500 µM). Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites incubated with apo-bLf at 500 µM for 12 h maintained 98% viability. Interestingly, despite this lack of effect on viability, our results showed that the apo-bLf inhibited the cytopathic effect of A. castellanii in MDCK cells culture, and analysis of amoebic proteases by zymography showed significant inhibition of cysteine and serine proteases by interaction with the apo-bLf. From these results, we conclude that bovine apo-Lf influences the activity of A. castellanii secretion proteases, which in turn decreases amoebic cytopathic activity.
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5
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Kaplan M, Şahutoğlu AS, Sarıtaş S, Duman H, Arslan A, Pekdemir B, Karav S. Role of milk glycome in prevention, treatment, and recovery of COVID-19. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1033779. [PMID: 36424926 PMCID: PMC9680090 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1033779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk contains all essential macro and micro-nutrients for the development of the newborn. Its high therapeutic and antimicrobial content provides an important function for the prevention, treatment, and recovery of certain diseases throughout life. The bioactive components found in milk are mostly decorated with glycans, which provide proper formation and modulate the biological functions of glycosylated compounds. The glycome of milk consists of free glycans, glycolipids, and N- and O- glycosylated proteins. Recent studies have shown that both free glycans and glycan-containing molecules have antiviral characteristics based on different mechanisms such as signaling, microbiome modulation, natural decoy strategy, and immunomodulatory action. In this review, we discuss the recent clinical studies and potential mechanisms of free and conjugated glycans' role in the prevention, treatment, and recovery of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kaplan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | | | - Sümeyye Sarıtaş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Hatice Duman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Burcu Pekdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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6
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Bolat E, Eker F, Kaplan M, Duman H, Arslan A, Saritaş S, Şahutoğlu AS, Karav S. Lactoferrin for COVID-19 prevention, treatment, and recovery. Front Nutr 2022; 9:992733. [PMID: 36419551 PMCID: PMC9676636 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.992733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a unique beta-coronavirus, has caused the most serious outbreak of the last century at the global level. SARS-CoV-2 infections were firstly reported in the city of Wuhan in China in 2019 and this new disease was named COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO). As this novel disease can easily be transmitted from one individual to another via respiratory droplets, many nations around the world have taken several precautions regarding the reduction in social activities and quarantine for the limitation of the COVID-19 transmission. SARS-CoV-2 is known to cause complications that may include pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ failure, septic shock, and death. To prevent and treat COVID-19, some significant studies have been conducted since the outbreak. One of the most noticeable therapeutic approaches is related to a multifunctional protein, lactoferrin. Lactoferrin (Lf) is an 80 kDa cationic glycoprotein that has a great range of benefits from improving the immunity to antiviral effects due to its unique characteristics such as the iron-binding ability. This review summarizes the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the potential applications of Lf for the prevention, treatment, and recovery of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Bolat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Furkan Eker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Merve Kaplan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Hatice Duman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Sümeyye Saritaş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | | | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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7
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Krzyzowska M, Janicka M, Tomaszewska E, Ranoszek-Soliwoda K, Celichowski G, Grobelny J, Szymanski P. Lactoferrin-Conjugated Nanoparticles as New Antivirals. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091862. [PMID: 36145610 PMCID: PMC9504495 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein with multiple functions in the body. Its activity against a broad spectrum of both DNA and RNA viruses as well as the ability to modulate immune responses have made it of interest in the pharmaceutical and food industries. The mechanisms of its antiviral activity include direct binding to the viruses or its receptors or the upregulation of antiviral responses by the immune system. Recently, much effort has been devoted to the use of nanotechnology in the development of new antivirals. In this review, we focus on describing the antiviral mechanisms of lactoferrin and the possible use of nanotechnology to construct safe and effective new antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Krzyzowska
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Martyna Janicka
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Tomaszewska
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163 St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ranoszek-Soliwoda
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163 St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Celichowski
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163 St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Grobelny
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163 St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Pawel Szymanski
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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8
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Elsharkawy MM, Al-Askar AA, Abdelkhalek A, Behiry SI, Kamran M, Ali M. Suppression of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) by Modified Whey Proteins. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1165. [PMID: 36013344 PMCID: PMC9409759 DOI: 10.3390/life12081165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified whey proteins with quercetin (WPI-QU) and onion extract (WPI-OE), as a control approach, could be applicable because it is available, safe and cheap. The modified whey protein isolate (WPI) with quercetin dihydrate and onion extract powder rich with quercetin were evaluated for induction of systemic resistance against Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) in pepper plants. Data of mass spectrometry illustrated that one or more of Qu isomers covalently attached to WPI. Unmodified whey protein (UWPI), WPI-QU and WPI-OE significantly decreased PMMoV concentration and severity at two weeks after inoculation. Plant height, number of leaves, and shoot fresh and dry weights were substantially increased in WPI-QU- and WPI-OE-treated pepper plants compared to the control. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and vitamin C contents were highly increased in WPI-OE-treated plants compared with other treatments. The expression levels of defense related genes (PR4, PR9, TIN1 and PIN2) were enormously elevated in WPI-OE and WPI-QU treatments using qRT-PCR. In conclusion, the results give novel insights to possible applications of the WPI-quercetin bioconjugates in designing a wide range of functional products. Moreover, this study is the first to establish the effective control of PMMoV by modified whey proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Abdelkhalek
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Said I. Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Mostafa Ali
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
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9
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Pryshchepa O, Pomastowski P, Rafińska K, Gołębiowski A, Rogowska A, Monedeiro-Milanowski M, Sagandykova G, Michalke B, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Gloc M, Dobrucka R, Kurzydłowski K, Buszewski B. Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, and Antibacterial Performance of Silver—Lactoferrin Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137112. [PMID: 35806114 PMCID: PMC9266553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose one of the major threats to human health worldwide. The issue is fundamental in the case of chronic wound treatment. One of the latest trends to overcome the problem is the search for new antibacterial agents based on silver. Thus, the aim of this research was to synthesize the silver-lactoferrin complex as a new generation of substances for the treatment of infected wounds. Moreover, one of the tasks was to investigate the formation mechanisms of the respective complexes and the influence of different synthesis conditions on the features of final product. The batch-sorption study was performed by applying the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models for the process description. Characterization of the complexes was carried out by spectroscopy, spectrometry, and separation techniques, as well as with electron microscopy. Additionally, the biological properties of the complex were evaluated, i.e., the antibacterial activity against selected bacteria and the impact on L929 cell-line viability. The results indicate the formation of a heterogeneous silver–lactoferrin complex that comprises silver nanoparticles. The complex has higher antibacterial strength than both native bovine lactoferrin and Ag+, while being comparable to silver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Pryshchepa
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (P.P.); (A.G.); (A.R.); (M.M.-M.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (P.P.); (A.G.); (A.R.); (M.M.-M.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Rafińska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Adrian Gołębiowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (P.P.); (A.G.); (A.R.); (M.M.-M.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Rogowska
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (P.P.); (A.G.); (A.R.); (M.M.-M.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Maciej Monedeiro-Milanowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (P.P.); (A.G.); (A.R.); (M.M.-M.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Gulyaim Sagandykova
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (P.P.); (A.G.); (A.R.); (M.M.-M.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (B.M.); (P.S.-K.)
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (B.M.); (P.S.-K.)
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michał Gloc
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Renata Dobrucka
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (R.D.)
- Department of Industrial Products and Packaging Quality, Institute of Quality Science, Poznań University of Economics and Business, 61-875 Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kurzydłowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Białystok University of Technology, 15-351 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (P.P.); (A.G.); (A.R.); (M.M.-M.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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10
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Nilson R, Lübbers O, Schmidt CQ, Rojewski M, Zeplin PH, Funk W, Schrezenmeier H, Kritzinger A, Kochanek S, Krutzke L. Hexon modification of human adenovirus type 5 vectors enables efficient transduction of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:96-110. [PMID: 35402633 PMCID: PMC8956844 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5)-derived viral vectors, the fiber protein has been the preferred locale for modifications to alter the natural viral tropism. Hexon, the most abundant capsid protein, has rarely been used for retargeting purposes, likely because the insertion of larger targeting peptides into Hexon often interferes with the assembly of the viral capsid. We previously observed that positively charged molecules enhance the transduction of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs)—a cell type of significant interest for clinical development but inefficiently transduced by unmodified HAdV-5-based vectors. As efficient HAdV-5-mediated gene transfer would greatly increase the therapeutic potential of hMSCs, we tested the hypothesis that introducing positively charged amino acids into Hexon might enhance the transduction of hMSCs, enabling efficient expression of selected transgenes. From the constructs that could be rescued as functional virions, one (HAdV-5-HexPos3) showed striking transduction of hMSCs with up to 500-fold increased efficiency. Evaluation of the underlying mechanism identified heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) to be essential for virus uptake by the cells. The ease and efficiency of transduction of hMSCs with this vector will facilitate the development of genetically modified hMSCs as therapeutic vehicles in different disciplines, including oncology or regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Nilson
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Olivia Lübbers
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Q Schmidt
- Department of Applied Immunology and Immunopharmacology, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Rojewski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philip Helge Zeplin
- Schlosspark Klinik Ludwigsburg, Privatklinik für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | | | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service, Ulm, Germany
| | - Astrid Kritzinger
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kochanek
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Lea Krutzke
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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11
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Fluid-Phase Endocytosis and Lysosomal Degradation of Bovine Lactoferrin in Lung Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040855. [PMID: 35456688 PMCID: PMC9032238 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The iron-binding protein lactoferrin and the cell-penetrating peptides derived from its sequence utilise endocytosis to enter different cell types. The full-length protein has been extensively investigated as a potential therapeutic against a range of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. As a respiratory antiviral agent, several activity mechanisms have been demonstrated for lactoferrin, at the extracellular and plasma membrane levels, but as a protein that enters cells it may also have intracellular antiviral activity. Characterisation of lactoferrin’s binding, endocytic traffic to lysosomes, or recycling endosomes for exocytosis is lacking, especially in lung cell models. Here, we use confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and degradation assays to evaluate binding, internalisation, endocytic trafficking, and the intracellular fate of bovine lactoferrin in human lung A549 cells. In comparative studies with endocytic probes transferrin and dextran, we show that lactoferrin binds to negative charges on the cell surface and actively enters cells via fluid-phase endocytosis, in a receptor-independent manner. Once inside the cell, we show that it is trafficked to lysosomes where it undergoes degradation within two hours. These findings provide opportunities for investigating both lactoferrin and derived cell-penetrating peptides activities of targeting intracellular pathogens.
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12
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Gallo V, Giansanti F, Arienzo A, Antonini G. Antiviral properties of whey proteins and their activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Funct Foods 2022; 89:104932. [PMID: 35003332 PMCID: PMC8723829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Native and chemically modified whey proteins and their peptide derivatives are encountering the interest of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries, due to the numerous properties, ranging from antimicrobial to immunological and antitumorigenic, that result in the possibility to employ milk and its protein components in a wide range of treatment and prevention strategies. Importantly, whey proteins were found to exert antiviral actions against different enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Recently, the scientific community is focusing on these proteins, especially lactoferrin, since in vitro studies have demonstrated that they exert an important antiviral activity also against SARS-CoV-2. Up-to date, several studies are investigating the efficacy of lactoferrin and other whey proteins in vivo. Aim of this review is to shed light on the most relevant findings concerning the antiviral properties of whey proteins and their potential applications in human health, focussing on their application in prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gallo
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Francesco Giansanti
- Interuniversity Consortium INBB - Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute, Rome 00136, Italy
- Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila I-67100, Italy
| | - Alyexandra Arienzo
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome 00146, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium INBB - Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute, Rome 00136, Italy
| | - Giovanni Antonini
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome 00146, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium INBB - Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute, Rome 00136, Italy
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13
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Pryshchepa O, Sagandykova G, Rudnicka J, Pomastowski P, Sprynskyy M, Buszewski B. Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of zinc-lactoferrin complexes. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:1940-1958. [PMID: 35033339 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
One trend of the modern world is the search for new biologically active substances based on renewable resources. Milk proteins can be a solution for such purposes as they have been known for a long time as compounds that can be used for the manufacturing of multiple food and non-food products. Thus, the goal of the work was to investigate the parameters of Zn-bovine lactoferrin (bLTF) interactions, which enables the synthesis of Zn-rich protein complexes. Zinc-bLTF complexes can be used as food additives or wound-healing agents. Methodology of the study included bLTF characterization by sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE, MALDI-TOF, and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry as well Zn-bLTF interactions by attenuated total reflection-Fourier-transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission microscopy, and zeta potential measurements. The obtained results revealed that the factors that affect Zn-bLTF interactions most significantly were found to be pH and ionic strength of the solution and, in particular, the concentration of Zn2+. These findings imply that these factors should be considered when aiming at the synthesis of Zn-bLTF metallocomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Pryshchepa
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Gulyaim Sagandykova
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Rudnicka
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Myroslav Sprynskyy
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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14
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Hu Y, Meng X, Zhang F, Xiang Y, Wang J. The in vitro antiviral activity of lactoferrin against common human coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by targeting the heparan sulfate co-receptor. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:317-330. [PMID: 33560940 PMCID: PMC7919907 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1888660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic that lacks effective therapeutic interventions. SARS-CoV-2 infects ACE2-expressing cells and gains cell entry through either direct plasma membrane fusion or endocytosis. Recent studies have shown that in addition to ACE2, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) also play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 cell attachment by serving as an attachment factor. Binding of viral spike protein to HSPGs leads to the enrichment of local concentration for the subsequent specific binding with ACE2. We therefore hypothesize that blocking the interactions between viral spike protein and the HSPGs will lead to inhibition of viral replication. In this study, we report our findings of the broad-spectrum antiviral activity and the mechanism of action of lactoferrin (LF) against multiple common human coronaviruses as well as SARS-CoV-2. Our study has shown that LF has broad-spectrum antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-229E in cell culture, and bovine lactoferrin (BLF) is more potent than human lactoferrin. Mechanistic studies revealed that BLF binds to HSPGs, thereby blocking viral attachment to the host cell. The antiviral activity of BLF can be antagonized by the HSPG mimetic heparin. Combination therapy experiment showed that the antiviral activity of LF is synergistic with remdesivir in cell culture. Molecular modelling suggests that the N-terminal positively charged region in BLF (residues 17-41) confers the binding to HSPGs. Overall, LF appears to be a promising drug candidate for COVID-19 that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xiangzhi Meng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Fushun Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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15
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Influence of iron binding in the structural stability and cellular internalization of bovine lactoferrin. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08087. [PMID: 34632151 PMCID: PMC8487029 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein and a component of many external secretions with a wide diversity of functions. Structural studies are important to understand the mechanisms employed by Lf to exert so varied functions. Here, we used guanidine hydrochloride and high hydrostatic pressure to cause perturbations in the structure of bovine Lf (bLf) in apo and holo (unsaturated and iron-saturated, respectively) forms, and analyzed conformational changes by intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy. Our results showed that the iron binding promotes changes on tertiary structure of bLf and increases its structural stability. In addition, we evaluated the effects of bLf structural change on the kinetics of bLf internalization in Vero cells by confocal fluorescence microscopy, and observed that the holo form was faster than the apo form. This finding may indicate that structural changes promoted by iron binding may play a key role in the intracellular traffic of bLf. Altogether, our data improve the comprehension of bLf stability and uptake, adding knowledge to its potential use as a biopharmaceutical.
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16
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Ung L, Chodosh J. Foundational concepts in the biology of bacterial keratitis. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108647. [PMID: 34097906 PMCID: PMC8595513 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections of the cornea, or bacterial keratitis (BK), are notorious for causing rapidly fulminant disease and permanent vision loss, even among treated patients. In the last sixty years, dramatic upward trajectories in the frequency of BK have been observed internationally, driven in large part by the commercialization of hydrogel contact lenses in the late 1960s. Despite this worsening burden of disease, current evidence-based therapies for BK - including broad-spectrum topical antibiotics and, if indicated, topical corticosteroids - fail to salvage vision in a substantial proportion of affected patients. Amid growing concerns of rapidly diminishing antibiotic utility, there has been renewed interest in urgently needed novel treatments that may improve clinical outcomes on an individual and public health level. Bridging the translational gap in the care of BK requires the identification of new therapeutic targets and rational treatment design, but neither of these aims can be achieved without understanding the complex biological processes that determine how bacterial corneal infections arise, progress, and resolve. In this chapter, we synthesize the current wealth of human and animal experimental data that now inform our understanding of basic BK pathophysiology, in context with modern concepts in ocular immunology and microbiology. By identifying the key molecular determinants of clinical disease, we explore how novel treatments can be developed and translated into routine patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawson Ung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James Chodosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Alpogan O, Karakucuk S. Lactoferrin: The Natural Protector of the Eye against Coronavirus-19. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021; 29:751-752. [PMID: 34255583 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1954202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus-19 (Covid-19), which has affected the whole world in a very short time, can infect the eye by using the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 receptor. Viral prevalence in the conjunctiva was reported to be between 3% and 16% in patients with Covid-19. Although Covid-19 has been reported to cause symptoms of conjunctivitis and rash in the eye, no complete evidence has yet been presented that the virus is transmitted from the eye. The low rate of PCR positivity in conjunctival swabs may be due to the effect of lactoferrin (LF), which is among the tear defense systems. LF, the natural protein found in tears, plays a major role in the eye's immune system. The antiviral effect of LF on the SARS-CoV pseudotype, which is in the same family as SARS-CoV-2, has been demonstrated in-vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksan Alpogan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Resarch Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sarper Karakucuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Acıbadem University Atakent Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Desgraupes S, Hubert M, Gessain A, Ceccaldi PE, Vidy A. Mother-to-Child Transmission of Arboviruses during Breastfeeding: From Epidemiology to Cellular Mechanisms. Viruses 2021; 13:1312. [PMID: 34372518 PMCID: PMC8310101 DOI: 10.3390/v13071312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most viruses use several entry sites and modes of transmission to infect their host (parenteral, sexual, respiratory, oro-fecal, transplacental, transcutaneous, etc.). Some of them are known to be essentially transmitted via arthropod bites (mosquitoes, ticks, phlebotomes, sandflies, etc.), and are thus named arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses. During the last decades, several arboviruses have emerged or re-emerged in different countries in the form of notable outbreaks, resulting in a growing interest from scientific and medical communities as well as an increase in epidemiological studies. These studies have highlighted the existence of other modes of transmission. Among them, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) during breastfeeding was highlighted for the vaccine strain of yellow fever virus (YFV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), and suggested for other arboviruses such as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV), and West Nile virus (WNV). In this review, we summarize all epidemiological and clinical clues that suggest the existence of breastfeeding as a neglected route for MTCT of arboviruses and we decipher some of the mechanisms that chronologically occur during MTCT via breastfeeding by focusing on ZIKV transmission process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Desgraupes
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (M.H.); (A.G.); (P.-E.C.)
- Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
- UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Hubert
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (M.H.); (A.G.); (P.-E.C.)
- Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
- UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (M.H.); (A.G.); (P.-E.C.)
- Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
- UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Ceccaldi
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (M.H.); (A.G.); (P.-E.C.)
- Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
- UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Aurore Vidy
- Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (M.H.); (A.G.); (P.-E.C.)
- Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
- UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 3569, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
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19
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Miotto M, Di Rienzo L, Bò L, Boffi A, Ruocco G, Milanetti E. Molecular Mechanisms Behind Anti SARS-CoV-2 Action of Lactoferrin. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:607443. [PMID: 33659275 PMCID: PMC7917183 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.607443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the huge effort to contain the infection, the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has rapidly become pandemic, mainly due to its extremely high human-to-human transmission capability, and a surprisingly high viral charge of symptom-less people. While the seek for a vaccine is still ongoing, promising results have been obtained with antiviral compounds. In particular, lactoferrin is regarded to have beneficial effects both in preventing and soothing the infection. Here, we explore the possible molecular mechanisms with which lactoferrin interferes with SARS-CoV-2 cell invasion, preventing attachment and/or entry of the virus. To this aim, we search for possible interactions lactoferrin may have with virus structural proteins and host receptors. Representing the molecular iso-electron surface of proteins in terms of 2D-Zernike descriptors, we 1) identified putative regions on the lactoferrin surface able to bind sialic acid present on the host cell membrane, sheltering the cell from the virus attachment; 2) showed that no significant shape complementarity is present between lactoferrin and the ACE2 receptor, while 3) two high complementarity regions are found on the N- and C-terminal domains of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, hinting at a possible competition between lactoferrin and ACE2 for the binding to the spike protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Miotto
- Department of Physics, University of Rome `La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Life Nano Science, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Rienzo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Life Nano Science, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bò
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Life Nano Science, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Boffi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Life Nano Science, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli” Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Department of Physics, University of Rome `La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Life Nano Science, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Milanetti
- Department of Physics, University of Rome `La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Life Nano Science, Rome, Italy
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20
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Pan Y, Deng Z, Shahidi F. Natural bioactive substances for the control of food-borne viruses and contaminants in food. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2020. [PMCID: PMC7700915 DOI: 10.1186/s43014-020-00040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Food-borne viruses and contaminants, as an important global food safety problem, are caused by chemical, microbiological, zoonotic, and other risk factors that represent a health hazard. Natural bioactive substances, originating from plants, animals, or microorganisms, might offer the possibility of preventing and controlling food-borne diseases. In this contribution, the common bioactive substances such as polyphenols, essential oils, proteins, and polysaccharides which are effective in the prevention and treatment of food-borne viruses and contaminants are discussed. Meanwhile, the preventive effects of natural bioactive substances and the possible mechanisms involved in food protection are discussed and detailed. The application and potential effects of natural bioactive substances in the adjuvant treatment for food-borne diseases is also described.
Graphical abstract
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21
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Naidu SAG, Clemens RA, Pressman P, Zaigham M, Davies KJA, Naidu AS. COVID-19 during Pregnancy and Postpartum. J Diet Suppl 2020; 19:78-114. [PMID: 33164606 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1834047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic intensified the global health crisis, the containment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancies, and the inherent risk of vertical transmission of virus from mother-to-fetus (or neonate) poses a major concern. Most COVID-19-Pregnancy patients showed mild to moderate COVID-19 pneumonia with no pregnancy loss and no congenital transmission of the virus; however, an increase in hypoxia-induced preterm deliveries was apparent. Also, the breastmilk of several mothers with COVID-19 tested negative for the virus. Taken together, the natural barrier function during pregnancy and postpartum seems to deter the SARS-CoV-2 transmission from mother-to-child. This clinical observation warrants to explore the maternal-fetal interface and identify the innate defense factors for prevention and control of COVID-19-Pregnancy. Lactoferrin (LF) is a potent antiviral iron-binding protein present in the maternal-fetal interface. In concert with immune co-factors, maternal-LF modulates chemokine release and lymphocyte migration and amplify host defense during pregnancy. LF levels during pregnancy may resolve hypertension via down-regulation of ACE2; consequently, may limit the membrane receptor access to SARS-CoV-2 for cellular entry. Furthermore, an LF-derived peptide (LRPVAA) has been shown to block ACE receptor activity in vitro. LF may also reduce viral docking and entry into host cells and limit the early phase of COVID-19 infection. An in-depth understanding of LF and other soluble mammalian milk-derived innate antiviral factors may provide insights to reduce co-morbidities and vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection and may lead to the development of effective nutraceutical supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger A Clemens
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mehreen Zaigham
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Division of Biogerontology, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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22
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Tunney MM, Payne JE, McGrath SJ, Einarsson GG, Ingram RJ, Gilpin DF, Juarez-Perez V, Elborn JS. Activity of hypothiocyanite and lactoferrin (ALX-009) against respiratory cystic fibrosis pathogens in sputum. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:3391-3397. [PMID: 30219825 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the antimicrobial activity of ALX-009, a combination of bovine lactoferrin and hypothiocyanite, in sputum against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), key pathogens causing infection in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Methods The antimicrobial activity of ALX-009 against clinical respiratory P. aeruginosa isolates was determined by time-kill assay. Sputum from CF patients was treated with ALX-009, either alone or in combination with tobramycin, and the effect on P. aeruginosa, Bcc and total sputum density was determined. Results Time-kill assay indicated that ALX-009 was bactericidal at 24 h against 4/4 P. aeruginosa isolates under aerobic conditions, and against 3/4 isolates under anaerobic conditions. ALX-009 was also bactericidal against P. aeruginosa in sputum samples at 6 h (n = 22/24 samples) and 24 h (n = 14/24 samples), and demonstrated significantly greater activity than tobramycin at both timepoints. Activity against Bcc in sputum samples (n = 9) was also demonstrated, but the magnitude of change in Bcc density was less than for P. aeruginosa. To determine the effect of treating sputum with two doses of ALX-009, similar to current regimens for inhaled antibiotics, aliquots of a further 10 sputum samples positive for P. aeruginosa were treated with one (t = 0 h) or two doses (t = 0 h, t = 12 h) of ALX-009; treatment with two doses resulted in bactericidal activity in 7/10 samples at 34 h compared with only 3/10 samples when treatment was with one dose. Conclusions ALX-009 demonstrates promise as a novel antimicrobial that could be used to decrease P. aeruginosa density in the lungs of people with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Tunney
- Halo Research Group, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Joanna E Payne
- Halo Research Group, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Stephanie J McGrath
- Halo Research Group, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Gisli G Einarsson
- Halo Research Group, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Rebecca J Ingram
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Deirdre F Gilpin
- Halo Research Group, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - J Stuart Elborn
- Halo Research Group, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Imperial College London and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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23
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Niaz B, Saeed F, Ahmed A, Imran M, Maan AA, Khan MKI, Tufail T, Anjum FM, Hussain S, Suleria HAR. Lactoferrin (LF): a natural antimicrobial protein. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1666137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Niaz
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Awais Ahmed
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abid Aslam Maan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Tabussam Tufail
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Shahzad Hussain
- College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud, University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmed A, Siman-Tov G, Hall G, Bhalla N, Narayanan A. Human Antimicrobial Peptides as Therapeutics for Viral Infections. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080704. [PMID: 31374901 PMCID: PMC6722670 DOI: 10.3390/v11080704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful in vivo infection following pathogen entry requires the evasion and subversion of multiple immunological barriers. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one of the first immune pathways upregulated during infection by multiple pathogens, in multiple organs in vivo. In humans, there are many classes of AMPs exhibiting broad antimicrobial activities, with defensins and the human cathelicidin LL-37 being the best studied examples. Whereas historically the efficacy and therapeutic potential of AMPs against bacterial infection has been the primary focus of research, recent studies have begun to elucidate the antiviral properties of AMPs as well as their role in regulation of inflammation and chemoattraction. AMPs as therapeutic tools seem especially promising against emerging infectious viral pathogens for which no approved vaccines or treatments are currently available, such as dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). In this review, we summarize recent studies elucidating the efficacy and diverse mechanisms of action of various classes of AMPs against multiple viral pathogens, as well as the potential use of human AMPs in novel antiviral therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslaa Ahmed
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Gavriella Siman-Tov
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Grant Hall
- United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Nishank Bhalla
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
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Bovine Lactoferrin Inhibits Dengue Virus Infectivity by Interacting with Heparan Sulfate, Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor, and DC-SIGN. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091957. [PMID: 28895925 PMCID: PMC5618606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine lactoferrin (bLF) presents in milk and has been shown to inhibit several viral infections. Effective drugs are unavailable for the treatment of dengue virus (DENV) infection. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral effect of bLF against DENV infection in vivo and in vitro. Bovine LF significantly inhibited the infection of the four serotypes of DENV in Vero cells. In the time-of-drug addition test, DENV-2 infection was remarkably inhibited when bLF was added during or prior to the occurrence of virus attachment. We also revealed that bovine LF blocks binding between DENV-2 and the cellular membrane by interacting with heparan sulfate (HS), dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), and low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR). In addition, bLF inhibits DENV-2 infection and decreases morbidity in a suckling mouse challenge model. This study supports the finding that bLF may inhibit DENV infection by binding to the potential DENV receptors.
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Reiss CS. Innate Immunity in Viral Encephalitis. NEUROTROPIC VIRAL INFECTIONS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7153449 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33189-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Shoshkes Reiss
- Departments of Biology and Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York USA
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27
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Abstract
Milk contains an array of proteins with useful bioactivities. Many milk proteins encompassing native or chemically modified casein, lactoferrin, alpha-lactalbumin, and beta-lactoglobulin demonstrated antiviral activities. Casein and alpha-lactalbumin gained anti-HIV activity after modification with 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride. Many milk proteins inhibited HIV reverse transcriptase. Bovine glycolactin, angiogenin-1, lactogenin, casein, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, bovine lactoferrampin, and human lactoferrampin inhibited HIV-1 protease and integrase. Several mammalian lactoferrins prevented hepatitis C infection. Lactoferrin, methylated alpha-lactalbumin and methylated beta-lactoglobulin inhibited human cytomegalovirus. Chemically modified alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin and lysozyme, lactoferrin and lactoferricin, methylated alpha-lactalbumin, methylated and ethylated beta-lactoglobulins inhibited HSV. Chemically modified bovine beta-lactoglobulin had antihuman papillomavirus activity. Beta-lactoglobulin, lactoferrin, esterified beta-lactoglobulin, and esterified lactoferrindisplayed anti-avian influenza A (H5N1) activity. Lactoferrin inhibited respiratory syncytial virus, hepatitis B virus, adenovirus, poliovirus, hantavirus, sindbis virus, semliki forest virus, echovirus, and enterovirus. Milk mucin, apolactoferrin, Fe3+-lactoferrin, beta-lactoglobulin, human lactadherin, bovine IgG, and bovine kappa-casein demonstrated antihuman rotavirus activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,
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Pietrantoni A, Fortuna C, Remoli ME, Ciufolini MG, Superti F. Bovine lactoferrin inhibits Toscana virus infection by binding to heparan sulphate. Viruses 2015; 7:480-95. [PMID: 25643293 PMCID: PMC4353899 DOI: 10.3390/v7020480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toscana virus is an emerging sandfly-borne bunyavirus in Mediterranean Europe responsible for neurological diseases in humans. It accounts for about 80% of paediatric meningitis cases during the summer. Despite the important impact of Toscana virus infection-associated disease on human health, currently approved vaccines or effective antiviral treatments are not available. In this research, we have analyzed the effect of bovine lactoferrin, a bi-globular iron-binding glycoprotein with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities, on Toscana virus infection in vitro. Our results showed that lactoferrin was capable of inhibiting Toscana virus replication in a dose-dependent manner. Results obtained when lactoferrin was added to the cells during different phases of viral infection showed that lactoferrin was able to prevent viral replication when added during the viral adsorption step or during the entire cycle of virus infection, demonstrating that its action takes place in an early phase of viral infection. In particular, our results demonstrated that the anti-Toscana virus action of lactoferrin took place on virus attachment to the cell membrane, mainly through a competition for common glycosaminoglycan receptors. These findings provide further insights on the antiviral activity of bovine lactoferrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina Pietrantoni
- Department of Technology and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Claudia Fortuna
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Maria Elena Remoli
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Ciufolini
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Superti
- Department of Technology and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome 00161, Italy.
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29
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Ho CL, Hwang IY, Loh K, Chang MW. Matrix-immobilized yeast for large-scale production of recombinant human lactoferrin. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00537f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An improved method of recombinant human lactoferrin (hLF) expression in rich culture medium is demonstrated using macroporous microencapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Loong Ho
- Department of Biochemistry
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
- and Synthetic Biology Research Program
- Life Sciences Institute
- National University of Singapore
| | - In Young Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
- and Synthetic Biology Research Program
- Life Sciences Institute
- National University of Singapore
| | - Kathy Loh
- Department of Biochemistry
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
- and Synthetic Biology Research Program
- Life Sciences Institute
- National University of Singapore
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- Department of Biochemistry
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
- and Synthetic Biology Research Program
- Life Sciences Institute
- National University of Singapore
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30
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Ciano KA, Saredy JJ, Bowers DF. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan: an arbovirus attachment factor integral to mosquito salivary gland ducts. Viruses 2014; 6:5182-97. [PMID: 25533661 PMCID: PMC4276947 DOI: 10.3390/v6125182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants of the prototype Alphavirus, Sindbis (SINV), were used in per os infections of adult female mosquitoes to investigate arbovirus interaction with the salivary gland (SG). Infection of Aedine mosquitoes with AR339, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG)-dependent variant, resulted in gross pathology in the SG lateral lobes while infection with TR339, a HSPG-independent variant, resulted in minimal SG pathology. HSPG was detected in the internal ducts of the SG lateral lobes by immunolabeling but not in the median lobe, or beyond the triad structure and external ducts. Reports that human lactoferrin interacts with HSPG, suggested an interference with virus attachment to receptors on vertebrate cells. Pre-incubation of Aedes albopictus cultured C7-10 cells with bovine lactoferrin (bLF) followed by adsorption of SINV resulted in earlier and greater intensity of cytopathic response to TR339 compared with AR339. Following pre-treatment of C7-10 cells with bLF, plaques from tissue culture-adapted high-titer SINVTaV-GFP-TC were observed at 48 h post-infection (p.i.), while plaques from low-titer SINVTaV-GFP-TC were not observed until 120 h p.i. Confocal optics detected this reporter virus at 30 days p.i. in the SG proximal lateral lobe, a region of HSPG-immunolocalization. Altogether these data suggest an association between SINV and HSPG in the host mosquito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Ciano
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Jason J Saredy
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
| | - Doria F Bowers
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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31
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Redwan EM, Uversky VN, El-Fakharany EM, Al-Mehdar H. Potential lactoferrin activity against pathogenic viruses. C R Biol 2014; 337:581-95. [PMID: 25282173 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is an 80-kDa globular glycoprotein with high affinity for metal ions, particularly for iron. This protein possesses many biological functions, including the binding and release of iron and serves as one of the important components of the innate immune system, where it acts as a potent inhibitor of several pathogens. LF has efficacious antibacterial and antiviral activities against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against both naked and enveloped DNA and RNA viruses. In its antiviral pursuit, LF acts predominantly at the acute phase of the viral infection or even at the intracellular stage, as in hepatitis C virus infection. LF inhibits the entry of viral particles into host cells, either by direct attachment to the viral particles or by blocking their cellular receptors. This wide range of activities may be attributed to the capacity of LF to bind iron and its ability to interfere with the cellular receptors of both hosts and pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elrashdy M Redwan
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg EL-Arab 21394, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg EL-Arab 21394, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Hussein Al-Mehdar
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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32
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Carvalho CAM, Sousa IP, Silva JL, Oliveira AC, Gonçalves RB, Gomes AMO. Inhibition of Mayaro virus infection by bovine lactoferrin. Virology 2014; 452-453:297-302. [PMID: 24606707 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an arbovirus linked to several sporadic outbreaks of a highly debilitating febrile illness in many regions of South America. MAYV is on the verge of urbanization from the Amazon region and no effective antiviral intervention is available against human infections. Our aim was to investigate whether bovine lactoferrin (bLf), an iron-binding glycoprotein, could hinder MAYV infection. We show that bLf promotes a strong inhibition of virus infection with no cytotoxic effects. Monitoring the effect of bLf on different stages of infection, we observed that virus entry into the cell is the heavily compromised event. Moreover, we found that binding of bLf to the cell is highly dependent on the sulfation of glycosaminoglycans, suggesting that bLf impairs virus entry by blocking these molecules. Our findings highlight the antiviral potential of bLf and reveal an effective strategy against one of the major emerging human pathogens in the neotropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A M Carvalho
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ivanildo P Sousa
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Jerson L Silva
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Andréa C Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Rafael B Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20211-040, Brazil
| | - Andre M O Gomes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
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33
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Song X, Yin Z, Li L, Cheng A, Jia R, Xu J, Wang Y, Yao X, Lv C, Zhao X. Antiviral activity of sulfated Chuanminshen violaceum polysaccharide against duck enteritis virus in vitro. Antiviral Res 2013; 98:344-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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34
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McBride J, Walker LR, Grange PA, Dupin N, Akula SM. Molecular biology of lactoferrin and its role in modulating immunity and viral pathogenesis. Future Virol 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.13.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf), also known as lactotransferrin, is a globular glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin family that is widely expressed in several fluids such as milk, tears, gastric fluid and saliva. Apart from its ability to bind and regulate iron levels in body secretions, Lf possesses antimicrobial activity and is specifically a component of the innate immune system. The antibacterial activity of Lf occurs by depriving the environment of iron essential for bacterial growth. In the case of antiviral activity, Lf may act as a competitor for the cell membrane receptors commonly used by viruses to enter cells. This review summarizes the roles of Lf under normal physiology, with a special emphasis on viruses. The authors also discuss in great detail the interactions between Lf and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, as well as possible future directions of research that may progress toward designing modern-day therapeutics to counter viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer McBride
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Lia R Walker
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Philippe A Grange
- Laboratoire de Dermatologie, EA 1833 – Centre National de Référence de la Syphilis, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dupin
- Laboratoire de Dermatologie, EA 1833 – Centre National de Référence de la Syphilis, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Shaw M Akula
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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García-Montoya IA, Cendón TS, Arévalo-Gallegos S, Rascón-Cruz Q. Lactoferrin a multiple bioactive protein: an overview. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:226-36. [PMID: 21726601 PMCID: PMC7127262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactoferrin (Lf) is an 80kDa iron-binding glycoprotein of the transferrin family. It is abundant in milk and in most biological fluids and is a cell-secreted molecule that bridges innate and adaptive immune function in mammals. Its protective effects range from anticancer, anti-inflammatory and immune modulator activities to antimicrobial activities against a large number of microorganisms. This wide range of activities is made possible by mechanisms of action involving not only the capacity of Lf to bind iron but also interactions of Lf with molecular and cellular components of both hosts and pathogens. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the activities of Lf, its regulation and potential applications. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The extensive uses of Lf in the treatment of various infectious diseases in animals and humans has been the driving force in Lf research however, a lot of work is required to obtain a better understanding of its activity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The large potential applications of Lf have led scientists to develop this nutraceutical protein for use in feed, food and pharmaceutical applications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Molecular Mechanisms of Iron Transport and Disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isui Abril García-Montoya
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, CP 31125, Chihuahua, Mexico
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36
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Lang J, Yang N, Deng J, Liu K, Yang P, Zhang G, Jiang C. Inhibition of SARS pseudovirus cell entry by lactoferrin binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23710. [PMID: 21887302 PMCID: PMC3161750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that lactoferrin (LF) participates in the host immune response against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) invasion by enhancing NK cell activity and stimulating neutrophil aggregation and adhesion. We further investigated the role of LF in the entry of SARS pseudovirus into HEK293E/ACE2-Myc cells. Our results reveal that LF inhibits SARS pseudovirus infection in a dose-dependent manner. Further analysis suggested that LF was able to block the binding of spike protein to host cells at 4°C, indicating that LF exerted its inhibitory function at the viral attachment stage. However, LF did not disrupt the interaction of spike protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the functional receptor of SARS-CoV. Previous studies have shown that LF colocalizes with the widely distributed cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Our experiments have also confirmed this conclusion. Treatment of the cells with heparinase or exogenous heparin prevented binding of spike protein to host cells and inhibited SARS pseudovirus infection, demonstrating that HSPGs provide the binding sites for SARS-CoV invasion at the early attachment phase. Taken together, our results suggest that, in addition to ACE2, HSPGs are essential cell-surface molecules involved in SARS-CoV cell entry. LF may play a protective role in host defense against SARS-CoV infection through binding to HSPGs and blocking the preliminary interaction between SARS-CoV and host cells. Our findings may provide further understanding of SARS-CoV pathogenesis and aid in treatment of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshe Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiejie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangtai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guigen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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37
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Antiviral properties of lactoferrin--a natural immunity molecule. Molecules 2011; 16:6992-7018. [PMID: 21847071 PMCID: PMC6264778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16086992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin, a multifunctional iron binding glycoprotein, plays an important role in immune regulation and defence mechanisms against bacteria, fungi and viruses. Lactoferrin’s iron withholding ability is related to inhibition of microbial growth as well as to modulation of motility, aggregation and biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria. Independently of iron binding capability, lactoferrin interacts with microbial, viral and cell surfaces thus inhibiting microbial and viral adhesion and entry into host cells. Lactoferrin can be considered not only a primary defense factor against mucosal infections, but also a polyvalent regulator which interacts in viral infectious processes. Its antiviral activity, demonstrated against both enveloped and naked viruses, lies in the early phase of infection, thus preventing entry of virus in the host cell. This activity is exerted by binding to heparan sulphate glycosaminoglycan cell receptors, or viral particles or both. Despite the antiviral effect of lactoferrin, widely demonstrated in vitro studies, few clinical trials have been carried out and the related mechanism of action is still under debate. The nuclear localization of lactoferrin in different epithelial human cells suggests that lactoferrin exerts its antiviral effect not only in the early phase of surface interaction virus-cell, but also intracellularly. The capability of lactoferrin to exert a potent antiviral activity, through its binding to host cells and/or viral particles, and its nuclear localization strengthens the idea that lactoferrin is an important brick in the mucosal wall, effective against viral attacks and it could be usefully applied as novel strategy for treatment of viral infections.
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38
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Xu X, Jiang H, Li H, Zhang T, Zhou Q, Liu N. Apoptosis of stomach cancer cell SGC-7901 and regulation of Akt signaling way induced by bovine lactoferrin. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:2344-50. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Abdelbacki AM, Taha SH, Sitohy MZ, Dawood AIA, Hamid MMAE, Rezk AA. Inhibition of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) using whey proteins. Virol J 2010; 7:26. [PMID: 20128897 PMCID: PMC2829022 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiviral activity of native and esterified whey proteins fractions (alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and lactoferrin) was studied to inhibit tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) on infected tomato plants. Whey proteins fractions and their esterified derivatives were sprayed into TYLCV-infected plants. Samples were collected from infected leaves before treatment, 7 and 15 days after treatment for DNA and molecular hybridization analysis. The most evident inhibition of virus replication was observed after 7 and 15 days using alpha-lactoferrin and alpha-lactalbumin, respectively. Native and esterified lactoferrin showed complete inhibition after 7 days. On the other hand, native beta-lactoglobulin showed inhibition after 7 and 15 days whereas esterified beta-lactoglobulin was comparatively more effective after 7 days. The relative amount of viral DNA was less affected by the esterified alpha-lactalbumin whereas native alpha-lactalbumin inhibited virus replication completely after 15 days. These results indicate that native or modified whey proteins fractions can be used for controlling the TYLCV-infected plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M Abdelbacki
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Soad H Taha
- Dairy Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Z Sitohy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | | | - Adel A Rezk
- Virus and Mycoplasma Department, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
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40
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Role of N-linked glycosylation for sindbis virus infection and replication in vertebrate and invertebrate systems. J Virol 2009; 83:5640-7. [PMID: 19297464 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02427-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Each Sindbis virus (SINV) surface glycoprotein has two sites for N-linked glycosylation (E1 positions 139 and 245 [E1-139 and E1-245] and E2 positions 196 and 318 [E2-196 and E2-318]). Studies of SINV strain TE12 mutants with each site eliminated identified the locations of carbohydrates by cryo-electron microscopy (S. V. Pletnev et al., Cell 105:127-136, 2001). In the current study, the effects of altered glycosylation on virion infectivity, growth in cells of vertebrates and invertebrates, heparin binding, virulence in mice, and replication in mosquitoes were assessed. Particle-to-PFU ratios for E1-139 and E2-196 mutant strains were similar to that for TE12, but this ratio for the E1-245 mutant was 100-fold lower than that for TE12. Elimination of either E2 glycosylation site increased virus binding to heparin and increased replication in BHK cells. Elimination of either E1 glycosylation site had no effect on heparin binding but resulted in an approximately 10-fold decrease in virus yield from BHK cells compared to the TE12 amount. No differences in pE2 processing were detected. E2-196 and E2-318 mutants were more virulent in mice after intracerebral inoculation, while E1-139 and E1-245 mutants were less virulent. The E1-245 mutant showed impaired replication in C7/10 mosquito cells and in Culex quinquefasciatus after intrathoracic inoculation. We conclude that the increased replication and virulence of E2-196 and E2-318 mutants are primarily due to increased efficiency of binding to heparan sulfate on mammalian cells. Lack of glycosylation at E1-139 or E1-245 impairs replication in vertebrate cells, while E1-245 also severely affects replication in invertebrate cells.
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41
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Adams WC, Bond E, Havenga MJE, Holterman L, Goudsmit J, Karlsson Hedestam GB, Koup RA, Loré K. Adenovirus serotype 5 infects human dendritic cells via a coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor-independent receptor pathway mediated by lactoferrin and DC-SIGN. J Gen Virol 2009; 90:1600-1610. [PMID: 19282435 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.008342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) is the described primary receptor for adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5), a common human pathogen that has been exploited as a viral vector for gene therapy and vaccination. This study showed that monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), such as freshly isolated human blood myeloid DCs, plasmacytoid DCs and monocyte-derived DCs, are susceptible to recombinant Ad5 (rAd5) infection despite their lack of CAR expression. Langerhans cells and dermal DCs from skin expressed CAR, but blocking CAR only partly decreased rAd5 infection, together suggesting that other receptor pathways mediate viral entry of these cells. Lactoferrin (Lf), an abundant protein in many bodily fluids known for its antiviral and antibacterial properties, promoted rAd5 infection in all cell populations except plasmacytoid DCs using a CAR-independent process. Lf caused phenotypic differentiation of the DCs, but cell activation played only a minor role in the increase in infection frequencies. The C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN facilitated viral entry of rAd5-Lf complexes and this was dependent on high-mannose-type N-linked glycans on Lf. These results suggest that Lf present at high levels at mucosal sites can facilitate rAd5 attachment and enhance infection of DCs. A better understanding of the tropism and receptor mechanisms of Ad5 may help explain Ad5 pathogenesis and guide the engineering of improved rAd vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Adams
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,The Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emily Bond
- The Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Gunilla B Karlsson Hedestam
- The Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard A Koup
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karin Loré
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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42
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Chien YJ, Chen WJ, Hsu WL, Chiou SS. Bovine lactoferrin inhibits Japanese encephalitis virus by binding to heparan sulfate and receptor for low density lipoprotein. Virology 2008; 379:143-51. [PMID: 18640695 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a natural anti-microbial protein which affects Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) activity. Binding of lactoferrin to cell surface expressed heparan sulfate (HS), one possible receptor for JEV, has been postulated to be the possible mechanism of anti-JEV antiviral activity. In this study, we evaluate the effects of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) against JEV infection in vitro, using both wild-type (WT) and laboratory-adapted strains. bLF inhibited the infectivity of all the JEV strains tested. In particular the infectivity of the HS-adapted JEV strains was strongly reduced, whereas the non HS-adapted JEV strains were inhibited to lesser extent. Using both HS-adapted CJN-S1 and non HS-adapted CJN-L1 viruses, the results showed that bLF inhibited the early events essential to initiate JEV infection, which includes blocking virus attachment to cellular membranes and reducing viral penetration. This anti-JEV activity was the highest using HS-adapted CJN-S1 strain on HS-expressed CHO-K1 cells. Also, binding of bLF to heparin-sepharose blocked JEV binding; and soluble HS attenuated the anti-JEV activity of bLF. The results support the premise that the interaction of bLF with cell surface expressed glycosaminoglycans, in particular the highly sulfated HS, plays an essential role in the antiviral activity of bLF. However, bLF was functional in inhibiting CJN-S1 entry into HS-deficient CHO-pgsA745 cells, and bLF-treated CHO-K1 and -pgsA745 cells also prevented non HS-adapted CJN-L1 virus entry, indicating that a non-HS pathway may be involved in bLF inhibition of JEV entry. The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), possibly involved in the entry of several RNA viruses, also binds to bLF. We found that both rLDLR and anti-LDLR antibodies reduced the effectiveness of bLF inhibition of JEV infection. This finding provided evidence to suggest that cell surface-expressed LDLR may play a role in JEV infection, especially for non HS-adapted strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jung Chien
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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43
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Sitohy M, Dalgalarrondo M, Nowoczin M, Besse B, Billaudel S, Haertlé T, Chobert JM. The effect of bovine whey proteins on the ability of poliovirus and Coxsackie virus to infect Vero cell cultures. Int Dairy J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2007.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Zhang J, Li L, Cai Y, Xu X, Chen J, Wu Y, Yu H, Yu G, Liu S, Zhang A, Chen J, Cheng G. Expression of active recombinant human lactoferrin in the milk of transgenic goats. Protein Expr Purif 2008; 57:127-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2007.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2007] [Revised: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Saidi H, Eslahpazir J, Eslaphazir J, Carbonneil C, Carthagena L, Requena M, Nassreddine N, Belec L. Differential modulation of human lactoferrin activity against both R5 and X4-HIV-1 adsorption on epithelial cells and dendritic cells by natural antibodies. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 177:5540-9. [PMID: 17015741 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.8.5540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron binding glycoprotein that is present in several mucosal secretions. Many biological functions have been ascribed to Lf. In the present study, we showed that Lf limited specifically adsorption of R5- and X4-HIV-1-free particles on endometrial epithelial HEC-1A cells, by inhibiting virus adsorption on heparan-sulfated proteoglycans. But, Lf did not interfere with both R5 and X4-HIV transcytosis. We showed also the efficacy of Lf in preventing R5 and X4-HIV capture by dendritic cells. Conversely, we demonstrated that Lf-reacting natural Abs (NAbs) present within i.v. Ig-enhanced HIV attachment on dendritic cells by forming HIV-Lf-NAbs. HIV particles were able to directly interact with Lf following its interaction with NAbs. We also found Lf-reacting natural Abs within cervicovaginal secretions, suggesting the existence of Lf-NAbs complexes in women genital tract in vivo. In conclusion, this study highlights Lf as a potent microbicides and reports new function for NAbs within the genital compartment that may compartment that may abolish the inhibitory activity of microbicide compounds. Thus, we proposed a model in which Lf would appear as a double-edged sword that could have beneficial or detrimental effects depending on both cellular and molecular environments. This study highlights the use of Lf derivates as microbicide candidates to limit such interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héla Saidi
- Université René Descartes Paris V, Unité Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé (INSERM) Internationale 743 d'Immunologie Humaine, Centres de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
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46
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Pan Y, Lee A, Wan J, Coventry M, Michalski W, Shiell B, Roginski H. Antiviral properties of milk proteins and peptides. Int Dairy J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2006.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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47
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Alete DE, Weeks ME, Hovanession AG, Hawadle M, Stoker AW. Cell surface nucleolin on developing muscle is a potential ligand for the axonal receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma. FEBS J 2006; 273:4668-81. [PMID: 16995858 PMCID: PMC1866192 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Reversible tyrosine phosphorylation, catalyzed by receptor tyrosine kinases and receptor tyrosine phosphatases, plays an essential part in cell signaling during axonal development. Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma has been implicated in the growth, guidance and repair of retinal axons. This phosphatase has also been implicated in motor axon growth and innervation. Insect orthologs of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma are also implicated in the recognition of muscle target cells. A potential extracellular ligand for vertebrate receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma has been previously localized in developing skeletal muscle. The identity of this muscle ligand is currently unknown, but it appears to be unrelated to the heparan sulfate ligands of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma. In this study, we have used affinity chromatography and tandem MS to identify nucleolin as a binding partner for receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma in skeletal muscle tissue. Nucleolin, both from tissue lysates and in purified form, binds to receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma ectodomains. Its expression pattern also overlaps with that of the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma-binding partner previously localized in muscle, and nucleolin can also be found in retinal basement membranes. We demonstrate that a significant amount of muscle-associated nucleolin is present on the cell surface of developing myotubes, and that two nucleolin-binding components, lactoferrin and the HB-19 peptide, can block the interaction of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma ectodomains with muscle and retinal basement membranes in tissue sections. These data suggest that muscle cell surface-associated nucleolin represents at least part of the muscle binding site for axonal receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma and that nucleolin may also be a necessary component of basement membrane binding sites of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Alete
- Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mark E. Weeks
- Molecular Oncology, CRUK, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Centre, Charter House Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ara G. Hovanession
- UPR 2228 CNRS, UFR Biomedicale-Universite Rene Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Peres, 75270 Paris Cedex 6, France
| | | | - Andrew W. Stoker
- Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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48
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Ammendolia MG, Pietrantoni A, Tinari A, Valenti P, Superti F. Bovine lactoferrin inhibits echovirus endocytic pathway by interacting with viral structural polypeptides. Antiviral Res 2006; 73:151-60. [PMID: 17023058 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin, an 80 kDa bi-globular iron-binding glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin family, is a pleiotropic factor with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities, present in breast milk, in mucosal secretions, and in the secondary granules of neutrophils. Recently, we have shown that bovine lactoferrin prevents the early phases of echovirus infection and also acts as a survival factor inhibiting viral-induced apoptosis. In the present research we investigated the mechanism of bovine lactoferrin anti-echoviral effect demonstrating that echovirus enters susceptible cells by an endocytic pathway and that lactoferrin treatment is able to prevent viral genome delivery into the cytoplasm. It is likely that lactoferrin interaction with echovirus capsid proteins induces alterations that stabilize the conformation of the virion making it resistant to uncoating. Taken together, the results of our study show that the inhibition of echovirus 6 infectivity by lactoferrin is dependent on its interaction not only with cell surface glycosaminoglycan chains but also with viral structural proteins demonstrating that this glycoprotein targets the virus entry process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Ammendolia
- Department of Technology and Health, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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49
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Yajima M, Yajima T, Kuwata T. Intraperitoneal injection of lactoferrin ameliorates severe albumin extravasation and neutrophilia in LPS-induced inflammation in neonatal rats. Biomed Res 2006; 26:249-55. [PMID: 16415506 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.26.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) plays various anti-inflammatory roles in inflammation experimentally induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). But the effects of LF on albumin extravasation and neutrophilia have not been elucidated. We aimed to study the effects of LF on albumin extravasation, neutrophilia and/or on other symptoms in inflammation caused by LPS in rats. Human lactoferrin (hLF) was injected (10 mg/100 mL in PBS) 18 h, or 15 min prior to, or 60 min after intraperitoneal injection of LPS in 13 days old Sprague Dawley rats. Prophylactic injection of hLF significantly ameliorated albumin extravasation in ascitic fluid at 5 h and neutrophilia in the blood at 24 h after LPS injection, but the after-injection of hLF did not. Interestingly, an injection of rat anti-TNFalpha IgG 15 min prior to LPS injection did not ameliorate albumin extravasation. Prophylactic injection of hLF significantly ameliorated other symptoms like mortality, and the decrease of phagocytotic activity of peritoneal polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes (PMNL), but did not ameliorate the decrease of platelets in the plasma. These findings suggest that hLF may be available as a medical treatment prior to surgery for prophylaxis of side effects like albumin extravasation or neutrophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Yajima
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Meiji Dairies Corporations, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0862, Japan.
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