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Zhang SJ, Niu B, Liu SM, Zhu YM, Zhao DM, Bu ZG, Hua RH. Identification of Two Linear Epitopes on MGF_110-13L Protein of African Swine Fever Virus with Monoclonal Antibodies. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1951. [PMID: 38998063 PMCID: PMC11240426 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) is an acute, highly contagious swine disease with high mortality. To facilitate effective vaccine development and find more serodiagnostic targets, fully exploring the ASFV antigenic proteins is urgently needed. In this study, the MGF_110-13L was identified as an immunodominant antigen among the seven transmembrane proteins. The main outer-membrane domain of MGF_110-13L was expressed and purified. Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; 8C3, and 10E4) against MGF_110-13L were generated. The epitopes of two mAbs were preliminary mapped with the peptide fusion proteins after probing with mAbs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. And the two target epitopes were fine-mapped using further truncated peptide fusion protein strategy. Finally, the core sequences of mAbs 8C3 and 10E4 were identified as 48WDCQDGICKNKITESRFIDS67, and 122GDHQQLSIKQ131, respectively. The peptides of epitopes were synthesized and probed with ASFV antibody positive pig sera by a dot blot assay, and the results showed that epitope 10E4 was an antigenic epitope. The epitope 10E4 peptide was further evaluated as a potential antigen for detecting ASFV antibodies. To our knowledge, this is the first report of antigenic epitope information on the antigenic MGF_110-13L protein of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Bei Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Shi-Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Yuan-Mao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Dong-Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Zhi-Gao Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Rong-Hong Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
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Liao HC, Shi ZW, Zhou GJ, Luo JC, Wang WY, Feng L, Zhang F, Shi XT, Tian H, Zheng HX. Epitope mapping and establishment of a blocking ELISA for mAb targeting the p72 protein of African swine fever virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:350. [PMID: 38809284 PMCID: PMC11136834 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) has the ability to infect pigs and cause a highly contagious acute fever that can result in a mortality rate as high as 100%. Due to the viral epidemic, the pig industry worldwide has suffered significant financial setbacks. The absence of a proven vaccine for ASFV necessitates the development of a sensitive and reliable serological diagnostic method, enabling laboratories to effectively and expeditiously detect ASFV infection. In this study, four strains of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against p72, namely, 5A1, 4C4, 8A9, and 5E10, were generated through recombinant expression of p72, the main capsid protein of ASFV, and immunized mice with it. Epitope localization was performed by truncated overlapping polypeptides. The results indicate that 5A1 and 4C4 recognized the amino acid 20-39 aa, 8A9 and 5E10 are recognized at 263-282 aa, which is consistent with the reported 265-280 aa epitopes. Conserved analysis revealed 20-39 aa is a high conservation of the epitopes in the ASFV genotypes. Moreover, a blocking ELISA assay for detection ASFV antibody based on 4C4 monoclonal antibody was developed and assessed. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) was performed to identify the best threshold value using 87 negative and 67 positive samples. The established test exhibited an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9997, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 99.87 to 100%. Furthermore, the test achieved a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% (with a 95% confidence interval of 95.72 to 100%) and a specificity of 98.51% (with a 95% confidence interval of 92.02 to 99.92%) when the threshold was set at 41.97%. The inter- and intra-batch coefficient of variation were below 10%, demonstrating the exceptional repeatability of the method. This method can detect the positive standard serum at a dilution as high as 1:512. Subsequently, an exceptional blocking ELISA assay was established with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, providing a novel tool for detecting ASFV antibodies. KEY POINTS: • Four strains of ASFV monoclonal antibodies against p72 were prepared and their epitopes were identified. • Blocking ELISA method was established based on monoclonal antibody 4C4 with an identified conservative epitope. • The established blocking ELISA method has a good effect on the detection of ASFV antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Cheng Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zheng-Wang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Gai-Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jun-Cong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wan-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lu Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin-Tai Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Hai-Xue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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3
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Tesfagaber W, Wang W, Wang L, Zhao R, Zhu Y, Li F, Sun E, Liu R, Bu Z, Meng G, Zhao D. A highly efficient blocking ELISA based on p72 monoclonal antibody for the detection of African swine fever virus antibodies and identification of its linear B cell epitope. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131695. [PMID: 38642684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Due to the absence of effective vaccine and treatment, African swine fever virus (ASFV) control is entirely dependent on accurate and early diagnosis, along with culling of infected pigs. The B646L/p72 is the major capsid protein of ASFV and is an important target for developing a diagnostic assays and vaccines. Herein, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) (designated as 2F11) against the trimeric p72 protein, and a blocking ELISA (bELISA) was established for the detection of both genotype I and II ASFV antibodies. To evaluate the performance of the diagnostic test, a total of 506 porcine serum samples were tested. The average value of percent of inhibition (PI) of 133 negative pig serum was 8.4 % with standard deviation (SD) 6.5 %. Accordingly, the cut-off value of the newly established method was set at 28 % (mean + 3SD). Similarly, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was applied to determine the cut off value and the p72-bELISA exhibited a sensitivity of 100 % and a specificity of 99.33 % when the detection threshold was set at 28 %. The bELISA was also able to specifically recognize anti-ASFV sera without cross-reacting with other positive serums for other major swine pathogens. Moreover, by designing a series of overlapped p72 truncated proteins, the linear B cell epitope recognized by 2F11 mAb was defined to be 283NSHNIQ288. Amino acid sequence comparison revealed that the amino acid sequence 283NSHNIQ288 is highly conserved between different ASFV isolates. Our findings indicate that the newly established mAb based blocking ELISA may have a great potential in improving the detection of ASFV antibodies and provides solid foundation for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weldu Tesfagaber
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanmao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Encheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Renqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Geng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, People's Republic of China.
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Banabazi MH, Freimanis G, Goatley LC, Netherton CL, de Koning DJ. The transcriptomic insight into the differential susceptibility of African Swine Fever in inbred pigs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5944. [PMID: 38467747 PMCID: PMC10928096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a global threat to animal health and food security. ASF is typically controlled by strict biosecurity, rapid diagnosis, and culling of affected herds. Much progress has been made in developing modified live virus vaccines against ASF. There is host variation in response to ASF infection in the field and under controlled conditions. To better understand the dynamics underlying this host differential morbidity, whole transcriptome profiling was carried out in twelve immunized and five sham immunized pigs. Seventeen MHC homozygous inbred Large white Babraham pigs were sampled at three time points before and after the challenge. The changes in the transcriptome profiles of infected animals were surveyed over time. In addition, the immunization effect on the host response was studied as well among the contrasts of all protection subgroups. The results showed two promising candidate genes to distinguish between recovered and non-recovered pigs after infection with a virulent African swine fever virus (ASFV) pre-infection: HTRA3 and GFPT2 (padj < 0.05). Variant calling on the transcriptome assemblies showed a two-base pair insertion into the ACOX3 gene closely located to HTRA3 that may regulate its expression as a putative genomic variant for ASF. Several significant DGEs, enriched gene ontology (GO) terms, and KEGG pathways at 1 day and 7 days post-infection, compared to the pre-infection, indicate a significant inflammation response immediately after ASF infection. The presence of the virus was confirmed by the mapping of RNA-Seq reads on two whole viral genome sequences. This was concordant with a higher virus load in the non-recovered animals 7 days post-infection. There was no transcriptome signature on the immunization at pre-infection and 1 day post-infection. More samples and data from additional clinical trials may support these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Banabazi
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Dirk-Jan de Koning
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Chen Q, Liu L, Guo S, Li L, Yu Y, Liu Z, Tan C, Chen H, Wang X. Characterization of the monoclonal antibody and the immunodominant B-cell epitope of African swine fever virus pA104R by using mouse model. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0140123. [PMID: 38305163 PMCID: PMC10913377 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01401-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) structural protein pA104R is the only histone-like protein encoded by eukaryotic viruses. pA104R is an essential DNA-binding protein required for DNA replication and genome packaging of ASFV, which are vital for pathogen survival and proliferation. pA104R is an important target molecule for diagnosing, treating, and immune prevention of ASFV. This study characterized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against pA104R and found them to recognize natural pA104R in ASFV strains with different genotypes, showing high conservation. Confirmation analyses of pA104R epitopes using mAbs indicated the presence of immunodominant B-cell epitopes, and further characterization showed the high antigenic index and surface accessibility coefficients of the identified epitope. Furthermore, the pA104R protein functions through the polar interactions between the binding amino acid sites; however, these interactions may be blocked by the recognition of generated mAbs. Characterizing the immunodominant B-cell epitope of the ASFV critical proteins, such as pA104R, may contribute to developing sensitive diagnostic tools and vaccine candidate targets.IMPORTANCEAfrican swine fever (ASF) is a highly pathogenic, lethal, and contagious viral disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boars. As no effective vaccine or other treatments have been developed, the control of African swine fever virus (ASFV) relies heavily on virus detection and diagnosis. A potential serological target is the structural protein pA104R. However, the molecular basis of pA104R antigenicity remains unclear, and a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) against this protein is still unavailable. In this study, mAbs against pA104R were characterized and found to recognize natural pA104R in ASFV strains with different genotypes. In addition, confirmation analyses of pA104R epitopes using mAbs indicated the presence of immunodominant B-cell epitopes, and further characterization showed the high antigenic index and surface accessibility coefficients of the identified epitope. Characteristics of the immunodominant B-cell epitope of ASFV proteins, such as pA104R, may contribute to developing sensitive diagnostic tools and identifying vaccine candidate targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixinjie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shibang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifeng Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhankui Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
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Desmet C, Coelho-Cruz B, Mehn D, Colpo P, Ruiz-Moreno A. ASFV epitope mapping by high density peptides microarrays. Virus Res 2024; 339:199287. [PMID: 38029799 PMCID: PMC10711508 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, highly contagious and deadly infectious disease. It is a threat to animal health with major potential economic and societal impact. Despite decades of ASF vaccine research, still some gaps in knowledge are hindering the development of a functional vaccine. Worth mentioning are gaps in understanding the mechanism of ASF infection and immunity, as well as the fact that - in case of this disease - virus proteins, so-called protective antigens, responsible for inducing protective immune responses in pigs are not identified yet. In this paper we elaborate on a methodology to identify protective antigens based on epitope mapping by microarray technology. High density peptide microarrays, combined with fluorescence scanning, have been used to analyze the interaction of peptide sequences of African swine fever virus (ASFV) proteins with antibodies present in inactivated serum from infected and healthy animals. The study evidenced ASFV proteins already under the radar for vaccine development, such as p54, and identified specific sequences in those proteins that may become the focus for future vaccine candidates. Such methodology is amenable to automation and high-throughput and may help developing better targeting for next generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Desmet
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Dora Mehn
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Pascal Colpo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Ana Ruiz-Moreno
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.
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Wang Y, Chi C, Zhang J, Zhang K, Deng D, Zheng W, Chen N, Meurens F, Zhu J. Systematic analysis of the codon usage patterns of African swine fever virus genome coding sequences reveals its host adaptation phenotype. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001186. [PMID: 38270515 PMCID: PMC10868601 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a severe haemorrhagic disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), transmitted by ticks, resulting in high mortality among domestic pigs and wild boars. The global spread of ASFV poses significant economic threats to the swine industry. This study employs diverse analytical methods to explore ASFV's evolution and host adaptation, focusing on codon usage patterns and associated factors. Utilizing phylogenetic analysis methods including neighbour-joining and maximum-likelihood, 64 ASFV strains were categorized into four clades. Codon usage bias (CUB) is modest in ASFV coding sequences. This research identifies multiple factors - such as nucleotide composition, mutational pressures, natural selection and geographical diversity - contributing to the formation of CUB in ASFV. Analysis of relative synonymous codon usage reveals CUB variations within clades and among ASFVs and their hosts. Both Codon Adaptation Index and Similarity Index analyses confirm that ASFV strains are highly adapted to soft ticks (Ornithodoros moubata) but less so to domestic pigs, which could be a result of the long-term co-evolution of ASFV with ticks. This study sheds light on the factors influencing ASFV's codon usage and fitness dynamics, enriching our understanding of its evolution, adaptation and host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuening Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Chenglin Chi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Dafu Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Wanglong Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Nanhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - François Meurens
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
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8
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Dinhobl M, Spinard E, Tesler N, Birtley H, Signore A, Ambagala A, Masembe C, Borca MV, Gladue DP. Reclassification of ASFV into 7 Biotypes Using Unsupervised Machine Learning. Viruses 2023; 16:67. [PMID: 38257767 PMCID: PMC10819123 DOI: 10.3390/v16010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2007, an outbreak of African swine fever (ASF), a deadly disease of domestic swine and wild boar caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), occurred in Georgia and has since spread globally. Historically, ASFV was classified into 25 different genotypes. However, a newly proposed system recategorized all ASFV isolates into 6 genotypes exclusively using the predicted protein sequences of p72. However, ASFV has a large genome that encodes between 150-200 genes, and classifications using a single gene are insufficient and misleading, as strains encoding an identical p72 often have significant mutations in other areas of the genome. We present here a new classification of ASFV based on comparisons performed considering the entire encoded proteome. A curated database consisting of the protein sequences predicted to be encoded by 220 reannotated ASFV genomes was analyzed for similarity between homologous protein sequences. Weights were applied to the protein identity matrices and averaged to generate a genome-genome identity matrix that was then analyzed by an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, DBSCAN, to separate the genomes into distinct clusters. We conclude that all available ASFV genomes can be classified into 7 distinct biotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Dinhobl
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (M.D.); (E.S.); (N.T.); (H.B.)
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Edward Spinard
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (M.D.); (E.S.); (N.T.); (H.B.)
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Nicolas Tesler
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (M.D.); (E.S.); (N.T.); (H.B.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Hillary Birtley
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (M.D.); (E.S.); (N.T.); (H.B.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Anthony Signore
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Charles Masembe
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
- Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, School of Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Manuel V. Borca
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (M.D.); (E.S.); (N.T.); (H.B.)
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Douglas P. Gladue
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (M.D.); (E.S.); (N.T.); (H.B.)
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
- Center of Excellence for African Swine Fever Genomics, Guilford, CT 06437, USA; (A.S.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
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9
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Wu Q, Lei Y, Zuo Y, Zhang J, Guo F, Xu W, Xie T, Wang D, Peng G, Wang X, Chen H, Fu Z, Cao G, Dai J. Interactome between ASFV and host immune pathway proteins. mSystems 2023; 8:e0047123. [PMID: 37966252 PMCID: PMC10734461 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00471-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), has become a major crisis for the pork industry in recent years. The mechanism for ASFV pathology and the clinical symptoms difference of ASF between domestic pigs and reservoir hosts remain to be elucidated. We deciphered the comprehensive protein-protein interaction (PPI) network between ASFV and host immune pathways. The intensive PPI network contained both ASFV-host immune pathway PPI and ASFV-ASFV PPI information, providing a comprehensive ASFV-host interaction landscape. Furthermore, the ASFV-host PPI difference between domestic pigs and warthogs was explored, which will be instructive for exploring essential candidates involved in ASFV pathology. Moreover, we screened the inhibitory effect of ASFV proteins in the PPI with cGAS-STING pathway on IFN-I and NF-κB, further providing possible functions of ASFV-host PPI network in innate immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingying Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fenglin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weize Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tanghui Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenfang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Departments of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Gang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxia Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Hang Vu TT, Le VP, Jeong DG, Yeom M, Oh J, Kang B, Park SK, Song D. Establishment of a p30-based lateral flow assay for African swine fever virus detection. J Virol Methods 2023; 322:114823. [PMID: 37748737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) has continuously devastated the global pig industry. Viral persistence causes problems in large pig farms and kills small farms. Timely diagnostic tools play an important role in controlling outbreaks and minimizing losses. In this study, we developed a lateral flow assay to detect ASFV on-site. The VDRG® ASFV Ag Rapid Kit was established using two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the p30 protein. The conjunction pad of the kit was coated with a mixture of the mAb and colloidal gold. This rapid kit was capable of detecting 11.5 ng of antigen and 0.16 HAD50 of virus from samples, in 20 min for the entire procedure. It passed cross-specific tests using common viruses that cause infectious diseases in pigs. ASFV was detected after 4 days in experimental infection in pigs by the kit. The specificity and sensitivity of the kit for clinical samples were 99.88% and 84.52% (93.8% for samples with a Ct value below 30), respectively. Finally, the kit can detect 100% positive herd outbreaks. The VDRG® ASFV Ag Rapid Kit presents a useful point-of-care tool for ASFV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Hang Vu
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Phan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131001, Viet Nam
| | - Dae Gwin Jeong
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Bio-Analytical Science Division, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoo Yeom
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsik Oh
- Median Diagnostics, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24399, Republic of Korea
| | - BoKyu Kang
- Median Diagnostics, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24399, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Kyu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Mai NTA, Dam VP, Cho KH, Nguyen VT, Van Tuyen N, Nguyen TL, Ambagala A, Park JY, Le VP. Emergence of a novel intergenic region (IGR) IV variant of african swine fever virus genotype II in domestic pigs in Vietnam. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1773-1776. [PMID: 36823481 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes African swine fever (ASF), a deadly disease affecting both domestic pigs and wild boars. ASF has become endemic in Vietnam since its first appearance in early 2019. Our previous molecular surveillance studies revealed that all the ASFV strains circulating in Vietnam belong to p72 genotype II, p54 genotype II, CD2v serogroup 8, and CVR of B602L gene variant type I. However, the genetic analysis based on the tandem repeat sequences located between I73R and I329L genes revealed three different intergenic region (IGR) variants; I, II, and III. In this study, using ASFV field isolates collected from September 24th to December 27th, 2021, we report, for the first time, novel IGR IV variants circulating in the Vietnamese pig population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Tuan Anh Mai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Phai Dam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Tam Nguyen
- Institute of Veterinary Science and Technology (IVST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Thi Lan Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jee-Yong Park
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Van Phan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Institute of Veterinary Science and Technology (IVST), Hanoi, Vietnam.
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12
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Pannhorst K, Carlson J, Hölper JE, Grey F, Baillie JK, Höper D, Wöhnke E, Franzke K, Karger A, Fuchs W, Mettenleiter TC. The non-classical major histocompatibility complex II protein SLA-DM is crucial for African swine fever virus replication. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10342. [PMID: 37604847 PMCID: PMC10442341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a lethal animal pathogen that enters its host cells through endocytosis. So far, host factors specifically required for ASFV replication have been barely identified. In this study a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen in porcine cells indicated that the genes RFXANK, RFXAP, SLA-DMA, SLA-DMB, and CIITA are important for productive ASFV infection. The proteins encoded by these genes belong to the major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II), or swine leucocyte antigen complex II (SLA II). RFXAP and CIITA are MHC II-specific transcription factors, whereas SLA-DMA/B are subunits of the non-classical MHC II molecule SLA-DM. Targeted knockout of either of these genes led to severe replication defects of different ASFV isolates, reflected by substantially reduced plating efficiency, cell-to-cell spread, progeny virus titers and viral DNA replication. Transgene-based reconstitution of SLA-DMA/B fully restored the replication capacity demonstrating that SLA-DM, which resides in late endosomes, plays a crucial role during early steps of ASFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Pannhorst
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Jolene Carlson
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Ceva Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Julia E Hölper
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Finn Grey
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | | | - Dirk Höper
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Wöhnke
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Kati Franzke
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Axel Karger
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Walter Fuchs
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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13
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Kim G, Kim SJ, Kim WJ, Kim JH, Kim JC, Lee SG, Kim ES, Lee SH, Jheong WH. Emergence and Prevalence of an African Swine Fever Virus Variant in Wild Boar Populations in South Korea from 2019 to 2022. Viruses 2023; 15:1667. [PMID: 37632010 PMCID: PMC10459476 DOI: 10.3390/v15081667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), a viral disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is associated with high mortality rates in domestic pigs and wild boars. ASF has been spreading since its discovery in wild boars in Korea in October 2019. Genomic analyses have provided insights into the genetic diversity of the ASFV isolated from various regions, enabling a better understanding of the virus origin and transmission patterns. We conducted a genome analysis to evaluate the diversity and mutations of ASFV spreading among wild boars in Korea during 2019-2022. We compared the genomes of ASFV strains isolated from Korean wild boars and publicly available ASFV genomes. Genomic analysis revealed several single-nucleotide polymorphisms within multigene families (MGFs) 360-1La and 360-4L in Korean ASFV. MGF 360-1La and 360-4L variations were not observed in other ASFV strains, including those of genotype II. Finally, we partially analyzed MGFs 360-1La and 360-4L in ASFV-positive samples between 2019 and 2022, confirming the geographical distribution of the variants. Our findings can help identify new genetic markers for epidemiological ASFV analysis and provide essential information for effective disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Weon-Hwa Jheong
- Wildlife Disease Response Team, National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention (NIWDC), 1 Songam-gil, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 62407, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (S.-J.K.); (W.-J.K.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-C.K.); (S.-G.L.); (E.-S.K.); (S.-H.L.)
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14
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Adeola AC, Luka PD, Jiang XX, Cai ZF, Oluwole OO, Shi X, Oladele BM, Olorungbounmi TO, Boladuro B, Omotosho O, Okoro VMO, Dawuda PM, Olaogun SC, Sanke OJ, Xie HB, Bishop RP, Han J, Li J, Zhang YP, Peng MS. Target capture sequencing for the first Nigerian genotype I ASFV genome. Microb Genom 2023; 9:mgen001069. [PMID: 37489884 PMCID: PMC10438811 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious viral disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boars, causing significant economic losses globally. After the first Nigerian outbreak in 1997, there have been frequent reports of ASF in pig-producing regions in the country. To facilitate control, it is important to understand the genotype and phylogenetic relationship of ASF viruses (ASFVs). Recent genetic analysis of Nigerian ASFV isolates has revealed the presence of both genotypes I and II; this is based on analysis of a few selected genes. Phylogenetic analysis of ASFV whole genomes highlights virus origins and evolution in greater depth. However, there is currently no information on the ASFV genome from Nigerian isolates. Two ASFV-positive samples were detected during a random survey of 150 Nigerian indigenous pig samples collected in 2016. We assembled near-complete genomes of the two ASFV-positive samples using in-solution hybrid capture sequencing. The genome-wide phylogenetic tree assigned these two genomes into p72 genotype I, particularly close to the virulent Benin 97/1 strain. The two ASFVs share 99.94 and 99.92 % genomic sequence identity to Benin97/1. This provides insight into the origin and relationship of ASFV strains from Nigeria and Italy. The study reports for the first time the determination of near-complete genomes of ASFV using in-solution hybrid capture sequencing, which represents an important advance in understanding the global evolutionary landscape of ASFVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeniyi C. Adeola
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
- Sino‐Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
- Centre for Biotechnology Research, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Pam D. Luka
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Xiang-Xiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Zheng-Fei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Olufunke O. Oluwole
- Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Xian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
| | - Bukola M. Oladele
- Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Bamidele Boladuro
- Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oladipo Omotosho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Victor M. O. Okoro
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Philip M. Dawuda
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Sunday C. Olaogun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oscar J. Sanke
- Taraba State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jalingo, Nigeria
| | - Hai-Bing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
| | | | - Jianlin Han
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS), Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
- Sino‐Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, PR China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
| | - Min-Sheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
- Sino‐Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
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15
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Koltsov A, Krutko S, Kholod N, Sukher M, Belov S, Korotin A, Koltsova G. Deletion of the CD2 Gene in the Virulent ASFV Congo Strain Affects Viremia in Domestic Swine, but Not the Virulence. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2002. [PMID: 37370512 DOI: 10.3390/ani13122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious disease that causes the most significant losses to the pig industry. One of the effective methods for combating this disease could be the development of vaccines. To date, experimental vaccines based on the use of live attenuated strains of the ASF virus (ASFV) obtained by the deletion of viral genes responsible for virulence are the most effective. Deletion of the EP402R gene encoding a CD2-like protein led to the attenuation of various strains of the ASFV, although the degree of attenuation varies among different isolates. Here we have shown that the deletion of the EP402R gene from the genome of a high-virulent Congo isolate did not change either the virulence of the virus or its ability to replicate in the swine macrophage cell cultures in vitro. However, in vivo, animals infected with ΔCongo-v_CD2v had a delay in the onset of the disease and viremia compared to animals infected with the parental strain. Thus, deletion of the CD2 gene in different isolates of the ASFV has a different effect on the virulence of the virus, depending on its genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Koltsov
- Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia
| | - Sergey Krutko
- Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia
| | - Natalia Kholod
- Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia
| | - Mikhail Sukher
- Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia
| | - Sergey Belov
- Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia
| | - Alexey Korotin
- Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia
| | - Galina Koltsova
- Federal Research Centre for Virology and Microbiology, Academician Bakoulov Street 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia
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16
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PI3K-Akt pathway-independent PIK3AP1 identified as a replication inhibitor of the African swine fever virus based on iTRAQ proteomic analysis. Virus Res 2023; 327:199052. [PMID: 36775023 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a severe infectious disease that has a high global prevalence. The fatality rate of pigs infected with ASF virus (ASFV) is close to 100%; in the absence of a safe and reliable commercial vaccine, this poses a threat to the global pig industry and public health. To better understand the interaction of ASFV with its host, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to conduct quantitative proteomic analysis of bone marrow-derived macrophage cells infected with ASFV. Overall, 4579 proteins were identified; 286 of these were significantly upregulated and 69 were significantly downregulated after ASFV infection. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and protein-protein interaction network analyses were used to obtain insights into the dynamics and complexity of the ASFV-host interaction. In addition, immunoblotting revealed that the expression of PIK3AP1, RNF114, and FABP5 was upregulated and that of TRAM1 was downregulated after ASFV infection. Overexpression of PIK3AP1 and RNF114 significantly inhibited ASFV replication in vitro, but the suppressive effect of PIK3AP1 on ASFV replication was independent of the PI3K-Akt pathway. Further studies confirmed that ASFV MGF360-9L interacts with PIK3AP1 to reduce its protein expression level. Moreover, LY294002, an inhibitor of the PI3K-Akt pathway, inhibited ASFV replication, indicating the importance of the PI3K-Akt pathway in ASFV infection. This study identified the network of interactions between ASFV and host cells and provides a reference for the development of anti-ASFV strategies and for studying the potential mechanisms and pathogenesis of ASFV infection.
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17
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An Updated Review of Ornithodoros Ticks as Reservoirs of African Swine Fever in Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030469. [PMID: 36986391 PMCID: PMC10059854 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This updated review provides an overview of the available information on Ornithodoros ticks as reservoirs and biological vectors of the ASF virus in Africa and Indian Ocean islands in order to update the current knowledge in this field, inclusive of an overview of available methods to investigate the presence of ticks in the natural environment and in domestic pig premises. In addition, it highlights the major areas of research that require attention in order to guide future investigations and fill knowledge gaps. The available information suggests that current knowledge is clearly insufficient to develop risk-based control and prevention strategies, which should be based on a sound understanding of genotype distribution and the potential for spillover from the source population. Studies on tick biology in the natural and domestic cycle, including genetics and systematics, represent another important knowledge gap. Considering the rapidly changing dynamics affecting the African continent (demographic growth, agricultural expansion, habitat transformation), anthropogenic factors influencing tick population distribution and ASF virus (ASFV) evolution in Africa are anticipated and have been recorded in southern Africa. This dynamic context, together with the current global trends of ASFV dissemination, highlights the need to prioritize further investigation on the acarological aspects linked with ASF ecology and evolution.
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Zhu Z, Li S, Ma C, Yang F, Cao W, Liu H, Chen X, Feng T, Shi Z, Tian H, Zhang K, Chen H, Liu X, Zheng H. African Swine Fever Virus E184L Protein Interacts with Innate Immune Adaptor STING to Block IFN Production for Viral Replication and Pathogenesis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:442-458. [PMID: 36602826 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever is one of the most serious viral diseases that affects domestic and wild pigs. The causative agent, African swine fever virus (ASFV), has evolved sophisticated immune evasion mechanisms that target both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully understood. Here, we report that ASFV E184L protein inhibits host innate immune response via targeting the stimulator of IFN genes (STING)-mediated signaling pathway in both human embryonic kidney HEK-293T cells and porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages. E184L interacts with STING, impairing dimerization and oligomerization of STING but not affecting its puncta formation at the perinuclear region. Furthermore, E184L disrupts STING-TBK1-IRF3 complex formation, leading to inhibition of STING phosphorylation, and IRF3 dimerization and nuclear translocation. The 1-20 aa region in E184L is essential for E184L-STING interaction and blocking IL-1β and type I IFN production. Deletion of E184L in ASFV considerably impairs antagonistic function of the virus in suppression of the STING-mediated antiviral response, an effect that is reversible by introduction of E184L. Importantly, the virulence of mutant ASFV lacking E184L is reduced in pigs compared with its parental virus due to induction of higher IFN production in vivo. Our findings indicate that ASFV E184L is an important antagonist of IFN signaling to evade host innate immune antiviral responses, which improves our understanding of immune evasion mechanisms of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shasha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China; and
| | - Caina Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhengwang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Pu F, Wang R, Yang X, Hu X, Wang J, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Liu Z, Liu J. Nucleotide and codon usage biases involved in the evolution of African swine fever virus: A comparative genomics analysis. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:499-518. [PMID: 36782108 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Since African swine fever virus (ASFV) replication is closely related to its host's machinery, codon usage of viral genome can be subject to selection pressures. A better understanding of codon usage can give new insights into viral evolution. We implemented information entropy and revealed that the nucleotide usage pattern of ASFV is significantly associated with viral isolation factors (region and time), especially the usages of thymine and cytosine. Despite the domination of adenine and thymine in the viral genome, we found that mutation pressure alters the overall codon usage pattern of ASFV, followed by selective forces from natural selection. Moreover, the nucleotide skew index at the gene level indicates that nucleotide usages influencing synonymous codon bias of ASFV are significantly correlated with viral protein hydropathy. Finally, evolutionary plasticity is proved to contribute to the weakness in synonymous codons with A- or T-end serving as optimal codons of ASFV, suggesting that fine-tuning translation selection plays a role in synonymous codon usages of ASFV for adapting host. Taken together, ASFV is subject to evolutionary dynamics on nucleotide selections and synonymous codon usage, and our detailed analysis offers deeper insights into the genetic characteristics of this newly emerging virus around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Pu
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xuanye Yang
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xinyan Hu
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinqian Wang
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yongqing Zhao
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Derong Zhang
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Kim G, Park JE, Kim SJ, Kim Y, Kim W, Kim YK, Jheong W. Complete genome analysis of the African swine fever virus isolated from a wild boar responsible for the first viral outbreak in Korea, 2019. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1080397. [PMID: 36713858 PMCID: PMC9875005 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1080397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious and severe hemorrhagic viral disease in swine, is emerging as a major threat not only in Korea but also worldwide. The first confirmed case of ASF in Korea was reported in 2019. Despite the occurrence of ASF in Korea, only a few studies have genetically characterized the causative ASF virus (ASFV). In this study, we aimed to genetically characterize the ASFV responsible for the 2019 outbreak in Korea. The genome of the ASFV isolated during the first outbreak in Korea was analyzed. The Korea/YC1/2019 strain has 188,950 base pairs, with a GC content of 38.4%. The complete genome sequence was compared with other ASFV genomes annotated in the NCBI database. The Korea/YC1/2019 strain shared the highest similarity with Georgia 2007, Belgium 2018/1, and ASFV-wbBS01 strains. This study expands our knowledge of the genetic diversity of ASFV, providing valuable information for epidemiology, diagnostics, therapies, and vaccine development.
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Berbamine Hydrochloride Inhibits African Swine Fever Virus Infection In Vitro. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010170. [PMID: 36615369 PMCID: PMC9822360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a viral disease in swine with a mortality rate of approximately 100%, threatening the global pig industry's economic development. However, vaccines are not yet commercially available, and other antiviral therapeutics, such as antiviral drugs, are urgently needed. In this study, berbamine hydrochloride, a natural bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Berberis amurensis, showed significant antiviral activity against ASFV. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of berbamine hydrochloride in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) was 27.89 μM. The antiviral activity assay demonstrated that berbamine hydrochloride inhibits ASFV in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, a 4.14 log TCID50 decrease in the viral titre resulting from non-cytotoxic berbamine hydrochloride was found. Moreover, the antiviral activity of berbamine hydrochloride was maintained for 48h and took effect at multiplicities of infection (MOI) of 0.01, 0.1, and 1. The time-of-addition analysis revealed an inhibitory effect throughout the entire virus life-cycle. A subsequent viral entry assay verified that berbamine hydrochloride blocks the early stage of ASFV infection. Moreover, similar anti-ASFV activity of berbamine hydrochloride was also found in PK-15 and 3D4/21 cells. In summary, these results indicate that berbamine hydrochloride is an effective anti-ASFV natural product and may be considered a novel antiviral drug.
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Wang Y, Li R, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Hu S, Li Z. Visual and label-free ASFV and PCV2 detection by CRISPR-Cas12a combined with G-quadruplex. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1036744. [PMID: 36524221 PMCID: PMC9745048 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1036744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) are acute infectious diseases caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). At present, there are no effective vaccines for the prevention of ASFV. PMWS, which is harmful to the domestic and even the world pig industry, is difficult to cure and has a high mortality. So, developing simple, inexpensive, and accurate analytical methods to detect and effectively diagnose ASFV and PCV2 can be conducive to avoid ASFV and PCV2 infection. CRISPR has become a potentially rapid diagnostic tool due to recent discoveries of the trans-cleavage properties of CRISPR type V effectors. Herein, we report the visual detection based on CRISPR-Cas12a (cpf1), which is more convenient than fluorescence detection. Through in vitro cleavage target DNA activation, Cas12a can trans-cleavage ssDNA G-quadruplex. TMB/H2O2 and Hemin cannot be catalyzed by cleavaged G-DNA to produce green color products. This protocol is useful for the detection of ASFV and PCV2 with high sensitivity. This method can enable the development of visual and label-free ASFV and PCV2 detection and can be carried out in the field without relying on instruments or power. This method can complete nucleic acid detection at 37 °C without using other instruments or energy. Our research has expanded the application of Cas12a and laid the foundation for the field's rapid detection of viral nucleic acid in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weida Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sishun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Zili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
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Penrith ML, Van Heerden J, Heath L, Abworo EO, Bastos ADS. Review of the Pig-Adapted African Swine Fever Viruses in and Outside Africa. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101190. [PMID: 36297247 PMCID: PMC9609104 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The region in eastern, central and southern Africa (ECSA) where African swine fever (ASF) originated in a sylvatic cycle is home to all the p72 genotypes of ASF virus identified so far. While 20 of the 24 genotypes have been isolated from outbreaks in domestic pigs in the region, only five of the genotypes (I, II, VIII, IX, X) have an extended field presence associated with domestic pigs. Of the genotypes that appear to be strongly adapted to domestic pigs, two have spread beyond the African continent and have been the focus of efforts to develop vaccines against ASF. Most of the experimental ASF vaccines described do not protect against a wider spectrum of viruses and may be less useful in the event of incursions of different strains or where multiple genotypes co-exist. The other three pig-adapted strains that are currently restricted to the ECSA region might spread, and priority should be given to understanding not only the genetic and antigenic characteristics of these viruses but also their history. We review historic and current knowledge of the distribution of these five virus genotypes, and note that as was the case for genotype II, some pig-associated viruses have the propensity for geographical range expansion. These features are valuable for prioritizing vaccine-development efforts to ensure a swift response to virus escape. However, whilst ASF vaccines are critical for high-production systems, global food security relies on parallel efforts to improve biosecurity and pig production in Africa and on continued ASFV surveillance and characterisation in the ECSA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Louise Penrith
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
- Correspondence: or
| | - Juanita Van Heerden
- Transboundary Animal Diseases, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Livio Heath
- Transboundary Animal Diseases, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Edward Okoth Abworo
- Biosciences, Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Armanda D. S. Bastos
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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Yang J, Jing M, Niu Q, Wang J, Zhao Y, Liu M, Guan G, Luo J, Yin H, Liu Z. Identification and characterization of nanobodies specifically against African swine fever virus major capsid protein p72. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1017792. [PMID: 36312984 PMCID: PMC9606462 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1017792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large and very complex DNA virus. The major capsid protein p72 is the most predominant structural protein and constitutes the outmost icosahedral capsid of the virion. In the present study, the nanobodies against ASFV p72 protein were screened from a camelid immune VHH library by phage display technique. Nine distinct nanobodies were identified according to the amino acid sequences of the complementary determining regions (CDRs), and contain typical amino acid substitutions in the framework region 2 (FR2). Six nanobodies were successfully expressed in E. coli, and their specificity and affinity to p72 protein were further evaluated. The results showed that nanobodies Nb25 had the best affinity to both recombinant and native p72 protein of ASFV. The Nb25 possesses an extremely long CDR3 with 23 amino acids compared with other nanobodies, which may allow this nanobody to access the hidden epitopes of target antigen. Furthermore, the Nb25 can specifically recognize the virus particles captured by polyclonal antibody against ASFV in a sandwich immunoassay, and its application as a biosensor to target virus in PAM cells was verified by an immunofluorescence assay. Nanobodies have been proven to possess many favorable properties with small size, high affinity and specificity, easier to produce, low costs and deep tissue penetration that make them suitable for various biotechnological applications. These findings suggest that nanobody Nb25 identified herein could be a valuable alternative tool and has potential applications in diagnostic and basic research on ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifei Yang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mengyao Jing
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qingli Niu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinming Wang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yaru Zhao
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- China Agricultural VET. BIO. Science and Technology Co, Ltd, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Dingxi City, Dingxi, Gansu, China
| | - Guiquan Guan
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hong Yin
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijie Liu,
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Zhenzhong W, Chuanxiang Q, Shengqiang G, Jinming L, Yongxin H, Xiaoyue Z, Yan L, Naijun H, Xiaodong W, Zhiliang W, Yingjuan Q. Genetic variation and evolution of attenuated African swine fever virus strain isolated in the field: A review. Virus Res 2022; 319:198874. [PMID: 35872281 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that there were several "mutant isolated in the field " of African swine fever virus (ASFV) since ASFV was reported, which may be the result of the continuous adaptation and evolution of ASFV. The emergence of ASFV field mutants may lead to chronic or asymptomatic "atypical clinical symptoms" in pigs and hinder the development of porcine industry. Here we analyzed the published ASFV "field attenuated strain" gene sequences and reviewed the genetic differences between field attenuated and virulent ASFV strains, hoping for providing a reference for the scientific prevention and control of ASF and the development of new vaccines. In this study we found the deletion of EP153R and EP402R occurred in 4 field attenuated strains, and all the differential genes of field attenuated strains mainly range in regions with low GC content. The evolution of MGF110 family genes was identified by analysis of two field attenuated ASFV strains from Portugal. We also found that some tandem repeat sequence plays an important role in the evolution of strains of NH/P68 and OURT 88/3 but not in strains Estonia 2014, HuB20 and Pig/Heilongjiang/HRB1/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhenzhong
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - Qi Chuanxiang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - Ge Shengqiang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266032, China.
| | - Li Jinming
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266032, China
| | - Hu Yongxin
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266032, China.
| | - Zhang Xiaoyue
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271001, China.
| | - Lv Yan
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266032, China.
| | - Han Naijun
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266032, China.
| | - Wu Xiaodong
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266032, China.
| | - Wang Zhiliang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266032, China.
| | - Qian Yingjuan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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Bao J, Zhang Y, Shi C, Wang Q, Wang S, Wu X, Cao S, Xu F, Wang Z. Genome-Wide Diversity Analysis of African Swine Fever Virus Based on a Curated Dataset. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182446. [PMID: 36139306 PMCID: PMC9495133 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important animal diseases affecting the domestic swine population globally. Whole-genome sequence analysis on the circulating African swine fever virus (ASFV) strains would provide valuable information in tracking the outbreaks of the disease. The aim of this study was to prepare a curated dataset of ASFV genome sequences and investigate genome-wide diversity of circulating ASFV strains. We prepared a curated dataset containing 123 high-quality ASFV genome sequences representing 10 genotypes collected from 28 countries between 1949 and 2020. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole-genome sequences provided high-resolution topology in genotyping ASFV isolates, which was supported by pairwise genome sequence similarity comparison. Wide distribution and high variation of tandem repeat sequences were found in ASFV genomes. Structural variation and highly variable poly G or poly C tracts were also identified. This study improved our understanding on the patterns of genetic variation of ASFV and facilitated future studies on ASFV molecular epidemiology. Abstract African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal contagious viral disease of domestic pigs and wild boars caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). The pandemic spread of ASF has had serious effects on the global pig industry. Virus genome sequencing and comparison play an important role in tracking the outbreaks of the disease and tracing the transmission of the virus. Although more than 140 ASFV genome sequences have been deposited in the public databases, the genome-wide diversity of ASFV remains unclear. Here we prepared a curated dataset of ASFV genome sequences by filtering genomes with sequencing errors as well as duplicated genomes. A total of 123 ASFV genome sequences were included in the dataset, representing 10 genotypes collected between 1949 and 2020. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole-genome sequences provided high-resolution topology in differentiating closely related ASFV isolates, and drew new clues in the classification of some ASFV isolates. Genome-wide diversity of ASFV genomes was explored by pairwise sequence similarity comparison and ORF distribution comparison. Tandem repeat sequences were found widely distributed and highly varied in ASFV genomes. Structural variation and highly variable poly G or poly C tracts also contributed to the genome diversity. This study expanded our knowledge on the patterns of genetic diversity and evolution of ASFV, and provided valuable information for diagnosis improvement and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 518083, China
| | - Chuan Shi
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 518083, China
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China
| | - Shengbo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fengping Xu
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 518083, China
- Correspondence: (F.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China
- Correspondence: (F.X.); (Z.W.)
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Zhao J, Zhu J, Wang Y, Yang M, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Nan Y, Zhou EM, Sun Y, Zhao Q. A simple nanobody-based competitive ELISA to detect antibodies against African swine fever virus. Virol Sin 2022; 37:922-933. [PMID: 36089216 PMCID: PMC9797394 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection is a big threat to the global pig industry. Because there is no effective vaccine, rapid, low-cost, and simple diagnosis methods are necessary to detect the ASFV infection in pig herds. Nanobodies, with advantages of small molecular weight and easy genetic engineering, have been universally used as reagents for developing diagnostic kits. In this study, the recombinant ASFV-p30 was expressed and served as an antigen to immunize the Bactrian camel. Then, seven nanobodies against ASFV-p30 were screened using phage display technique. Subsequently, the seven nanobodies fused horseradish peroxidase (nanobody-HRP) were secretory expressed and one fusion protein ASFV-p30-Nb75-HRP was selected with the highest sensitivity in blocking ELISA. Using the ASFV-p30-Nb75-HRP fusion protein as a probe, a competitive ELISA (cELISA) was developed for detecting anti-ASFV antibodies in pig sera. The cut-off value of cELISA was determined to be 22.7% by testing 360 negative pig sera. The detection limit of the cELISA for positive pig sera was 1:320, and there was no cross-reaction with anti-other swine virus antibodies. The comparative assay showed that the agreement of the cELISA with a commercial ELISA kit was 100%. More importantly, the developed cELISA showed low cost and easy production as a commercial kit candidate. Collectively, a simple nanobody-based cELISA for detecting antibodies against ASFV is developed and it provides a new method for monitoring ASFV infection in the pig herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jiahong Zhu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Kunming Customs Technology Center, Kunming, 650228, China
| | - Yuchen Nan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China,Corresponding authors.
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Chen H, Wang Z, Gao X, Lv J, Hu Y, Jung YS, Zhu S, Wu X, Qian Y, Dai J. ASFV pD345L protein negatively regulates NF-κB signalling by inhibiting IKK kinase activity. Vet Res 2022; 53:32. [PMID: 35461299 PMCID: PMC9034082 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB pathway is an essential signalling cascade in the defence against viral infections, including African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection. ASFV encodes more than 151 proteins via its own transcription machinery and possesses a great capacity to evade or subvert antiviral innate immune responses. Although some of these viral proteins have been reported, many remain unknown. Here, we show that pD345L, an ASFV-encoded lambda-like exonuclease, acts as an inhibitor of cGAS/STING-mediated NF-κB signalling by blocking the IkappaB kinase (IKKα/β) activity. Specifically, we showed that overexpression of pD345L suppresses cGAS/STING-induced IFNβ and NF-κB activation, resulting in decreased transcription of IFNβ and several proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα. In addition, we showed that pD345L acts at or downstream of IKK and upstream of p65. Importantly, we found that pD345L associates with the KD and HLH domains of IKKα and the LZ domain of IKKβ and thus interrupts their kinase activity towards the downstream substrate IκBα. Finally, we showed that pD345L-mediated inhibition of NF-κB signalling was independent of its exonuclease activity. Considering these results collectively, we concluded that pD345L blocks IKKα/β kinase activity via protein–protein interactions and thus disrupts cGAS/STING-mediated NF-κB signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxuan Lv
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongxin Hu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong-Sam Jung
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yingjuan Qian
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianjun Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Oh T, Do DT, Lai DC, Nguyen LT, Lee JY, Van Le P, Chae C. Chronological expression and distribution of African swine fever virus p30 and p72 proteins in experimentally infected pigs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4151. [PMID: 35264737 PMCID: PMC8907298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), the causative agent of contagious hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild boars, has temporally regulated gene expression kinetics. The p30 and p72 major structural proteins are involved in viral entry each with different expression kinetics, but neither of their chronological expressions and distribution have been identified in virus-infected animals. Here, we found that both transcription and translation levels of p30 were significantly higher than those of p72 in target organs during the earlier infection-phase. Lymphocyte apoptosis/necrosis and angiectasia were observed as signs of early infection with acute African swine fever. These results show that the chronologically differential expression of ASFV structural proteins tends to be prominent in infected animals, and the p30 protein could play a role in the indication of acute lesions during early infection compared to the late-expressed p72 protein. In conclusion, we propose to consider the chronological expression dynamics of ASFV structural proteins in infected animals to understand virus pathogenesis and antigen targeting for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy Tien Do
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Danh Cong Lai
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lan Thi Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Joo Young Lee
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratories, Daejeon, 34055, Republic of Korea
| | - Phan Van Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Penrith ML, Kivaria FM. One hundred years of African swine fever in Africa: where have we been, where are we now, where are we going? Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e1179-e1200. [PMID: 35104041 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
One hundred years have passed since the first paper on African swine fever (ASF) was published by Montgomery in 1921. With no vaccine, ineffectiveness of prevention and control measures, and lack of common interest in eradicating the disease, ASF has proven to be one of the most devastating diseases because of its significant sanitary and socioeconomic consequences. The rapid spread of the disease on the European and Asian continents and its recent appearance in the Caribbean puts all countries at great risk because of global trade. The incidence of ASF has also increased on the African continent over the last few decades, extending its distribution far beyond the area in which the ancient sylvatic cycle is present with its complex epidemiological transmission pathways involving virus reservoirs in ticks and wild African Suidae. Both in that area and elsewhere, efficient transmission by infected domestic pigs and virus resistance in infected animal products and fomites mean that human driven factors along the pig value chain are the dominant impediments for its prevention, control, and eradication. Control efforts in Africa are furthermore hampered by the lack of information about the size and location of the fast-growing pig population, particularly in the dynamic smallholder sector that constitutes up to 90% of pig production in the region. A vaccine that will be both affordable and effective against multiple genotypes of the virus is not a short-term reality. Therefore, a strategy for management of ASF in sub-Saharan Africa is needed to provide a roadmap for the way forward for the continent. This review explores the progression of ASF and our knowledge of it through research over a century in Africa, our current understanding of ASF, and what must be done going forwards to improve the African situation and contribute to global prevention and control. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Louise Penrith
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Fredrick Mathias Kivaria
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Block P, Level 3, United Nations Complex, UN Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, PO Box: 30470, GPO, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
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Effects of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway Inhibitor BAY11-7082 in the Replication of ASFV. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020297. [PMID: 35215890 PMCID: PMC8877168 DOI: 10.3390/v14020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) mainly infects the monocyte/macrophage lineage of pigs and regulates the production of cytokines that influence host immune responses. Several studies have reported changes in cytokine production after infection with ASFV, but the regulatory mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the immune response mechanism of ASFV using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Through multi-omics joint analysis, it was found that ASFV infection regulates the expression of the host NF-B signal pathway and related cytokines. Additionally, changes in the NF-κB signaling pathway and IL-1β and IL-8 expression in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) infected with ASFV were examined. Results show that ASFV infection activates the NF-κB signaling pathway and up-regulates the expression of IL-1β and IL-8. The NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 inhibited the expression profiles of phospho-NF-κB p65, p-IκB, and MyD88 proteins, and inhibited ASFV-induced NF-κB signaling pathway activation. Additionally, the results show that the NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 can inhibit the replication of ASFV and can inhibit IL-1β and, IL-8 expression. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that ASFV infection activates the NF-κB signaling pathway and up-regulates the expression of IL-1β and IL-8, and inhibits the replication of ASFV by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-8 production. These findings not only provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of the association between the NF-κB signaling pathway and ASFV infection, but also indicate that the NF-κB signaling pathway is a potential immunomodulatory pathway that controls ASF.
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Zhou G, Shi Z, Luo J, Cao L, Yang B, Wan Y, Wang L, Song R, Ma Y, Tian H, Zheng H. Preparation and epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies against African swine fever virus P30 protein. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1199-1210. [PMID: 35089400 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes acute, febrile, and highly contagious diseases in swine. Early diagnosis is critically important for African swine fever (ASF) prevention and control in the absence of an effective vaccine. P30 is one of the most immunogenic proteins that are produced during the early stage of an ASFV infection. This makes P30 a good serological target for ASF detection and surveillance. In this study, two P30-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 2H2 and 5E8, were generated from mice immunized with recombinant P30 protein (rP30). Epitope mapping was performed with overlapping polypeptides, alanine mutants, and synthetic peptides. The mapping results revealed that 2H2 recognized a region located in the N-terminal, 16-48 aa. In contrast, 5E8 recognized a linear epitope in the C-terminal, 122-128 aa. Further analysis indicated that the epitope recognized by 2H2 was highly conserved in genotypes I and II, while the 5E8 epitope was conserved in most genotypes and the Ser to Pro change at position 128 in genotypes IV, V, and VI did not affect recognition. Overall, the results of this study provide valuable information on the antigenic regions of ASFV P30 and lay the foundation for the serological diagnosis of ASF and vaccine research. KEY POINTS: • Two specific and reactive mAbs were prepared and their epitopes were identified. • 2H2 recognized a novel epitope highly conserved in genotypes I and II. • 5E8 recognized a seven-amino acid linear epitope highly conserved in most genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaijing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Zhengwang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Juncong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Liyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Ying Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Rui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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Development of a one-step multiplex qRT–PCR assay for the detection of African swine fever virus, classical swine fever virus and atypical porcine pestivirus. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:43. [PMID: 35042532 PMCID: PMC8764768 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African swine fever virus (ASFV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) have caused great economic losses to the swine industry in China. Since coinfections of ASFV, CSFV and APPV occur in certain pig herds, it is necessary to accurately and differentially detect these pathogens in field-collected samples. In this study, a one-step multiplex real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (multiplex qRT–PCR) was developed for the simultaneous and differential detection of ASFV, CSFV and APPV. Results The one-step multiplex qRT–PCR presented here was able to simultaneously detect ASFV, CSFV and APPV but could not amplify other viruses, including porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine rotavirus (PRoV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), border disease virus (BDV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (BVDV-1), BVDV-2, etc. The limit of detection (LOD) of the assay was 2.52 × 101 copies/μL for ASFV, CSFV and APPV. A repeatability test using standard recombinant plasmids showed that the intra- and interassay coefficients of variation (CVs) were less than 2%. An assay of 509 clinical samples collected in Guangxi Province, southern China, from October 2018 to December 2020 showed that the positive rates of ASFV, CSFV and APPV were 45.58, 12.57 and 3.54%, respectively, while the coinfection rates of ASFV and CSFV, ASFV and APPV, CSFV and APPV were 4.91, 1.38, 0.98%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of the partial ASFV p72 gene showed that all ASFV strains from Guangxi Province belonged to genotypes I and II. Conclusion A one-step multiplex qRT–PCR with high specificity, sensitivity and repeatability was successfully developed for the simultaneous and differential detection of ASFV, CSFV and APPV.
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Genetic Characterization and Variation of African Swine Fever Virus China/GD/2019 Strain in Domestic Pigs. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11010097. [PMID: 35056045 PMCID: PMC8780551 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) was first introduced into Northern China in 2018 and has spread through China since then. Here, we extracted the viral DNA from the blood samples from an ASF outbreak farm in Guangdong province, China and sequenced the whole genome. We assembled the full length genomic sequence of this strain, named China/GD/2019. The whole genome was 188,642 bp long (terminal inverted repeats and loops were not sequenced), encoding 175 open reading frames (ORF). The China/GD/2019 strain belonged to p72 genotype II and p54 genotype IIa. Phylogenetic analysis relationships based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) also demonstrated that it grouped into genotype II. A certain number of ORFs mainly belonging to multigene families (MGFs) were absent in the China/GD/2019 strain in comparison to the China/ASFV/SY-18 strain. A deletion of approximately 1 kb was found in the China/GD/2019 genome which was located at the EP153R and EP402R genes in comparison to the China/2018/AnhuiXCGQ strain. We revealed a synonymous mutation site at gene F317L and a non-synonymous mutation site at gene MGF_360-6L in China/GD/2019 comparing to three known Chinese strains. Pair-wise comparison revealed 165 SNP sites in MGF_360-1L between Estonia 2014 and the China/GD/2019 strain. Comparing to China/GD/2019, we revealed a base deletion located at gene D1133L in China/Pig/HLJ/2018 and China/DB/LN/2018, which results in a frameshift mutation to alter the encoding protein. Our findings indicate that China/GD/2019 is a new variant with certain deletions and mutations. This study deepens our understanding of the genomic diversity and genetic variation of ASFV.
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Wan Y, Shi Z, Peng G, Wang L, Luo J, Ru Y, Zhou G, Ma Y, Song R, Yang B, Cao L, Tian H, Zheng H. Development and application of a colloidal-gold dual immunochromatography strip for detecting African swine fever virus antibodies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:799-810. [PMID: 34939134 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute and highly contagious infectious disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). Currently, there is no vaccine against ASF worldwide, and no effective treatment measures are available. For this reason, developing a simple, rapid, specific, and sensitive serological detection method for ASFV antibodies is crucial for the prevention and control of ASF. In this study, a 1:1 mixture of gold-labeled p30 and p72 probes was used as the gold-labeled antigen. The p30 and p72 proteins and their monoclonal antibodies were coated on a nitrocellulose membrane (NC) as a test (T) line and control (C) line, respectively. A colloidal-gold dual immunochromatography strip (ICS) for ASFV p30 and p72 protein antibodies was established. The results showed that the colloidal-gold dual ICS could specifically detect ASFV antibodies within 5-10 min. There was no cross-reaction after testing healthy pig serum; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), foot-and-mouth disease type A virus (FMDV-A), foot-and-mouth disease type O virus (FMDV-O), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) positive sera. A positive result was obtained only for the positive control P1. The sensitivity of the test strips was 1:256, which was equivalent to that of commercially ELISA kits. Their coincidence rate with the two commercial ASFV ELISA antibodies detection kits was higher than 98%. The test strips were stably stored at 18-25 °C and 4 °C for 4 and 6 months, respectively. The colloidal-gold dual ICS prepared in this study had high sensitivity and specificity and were characterized by rapid detection, simple operation, and easy interpretation of results. Therefore, they are of great significance to diagnose, prevent, and control African swine fever. KEY POINTS: • We establish an antibody detection that is quick and can monitor an ASF infection. • We observe changes in two protein antibodies to dynamically monitor ASF infection. • We use diversified detection on a single test strip to detect both antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Zhengwang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Gaochaung Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Juncong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Gaijing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Rui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Liyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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Huang L, Xu W, Liu H, Xue M, Liu X, Zhang K, Hu L, Li J, Liu X, Xiang Z, Zheng J, Li C, Chen W, Bu Z, Xiong T, Weng C. African Swine Fever Virus pI215L Negatively Regulates cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway through Recruiting RNF138 to Inhibit K63-Linked Ubiquitination of TBK1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2754-2769. [PMID: 34759016 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever is a severe animal infectious disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), and the morbidity and mortality associated with virulent ASFV isolates are as high as 100%. Previous studies showed that the ability of ASFV to antagonize IFN production is closely related to its pathogenicity. Here, we report that ASFV HLJ/18 infection induced low levels of type I IFN and inhibited cGMP-AMP-induced type I IFN production in porcine alveolar macrophages that were isolated from specific pathogen-free Landrace piglets. Subsequently, an unbiased screen was performed to screen the ASFV genes with inhibitory effects on the type I IFN production. ASFV pI215L, a viral E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, was identified as one of the strongest inhibitory effectors on the production of type I IFN. Knockdown of pI215L expression inhibited ASFV replication and enhanced IFN-β production. However, inhibition of type I IFN production by pI215L was independent of its E2 enzyme activity. Furthermore, we found that pI215L inhibited type I IFN production and K63-linked polyubiquitination of TANK-binding kinase 1 through pI215L-binding RING finger protein 138 (RNF138). ASFV pI215L enhanced the interaction between RNF138 and RNF128 and promoted RNF138 to degrade RNF128, which resulted in reduced K63-linked polyubiquitination of TANK-binding kinase 1 and type І IFN production. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel immune escape mechanism of ASFV, which provides a clue to the design and development of an immune-sensitive attenuated live vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and.,College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Mengdi Xue
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Kunli Zhang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Liang Hu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Jiangnan Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Xuemin Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Zhida Xiang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and.,College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Changyao Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Weiye Chen
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Zhigao Bu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Tao Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and .,College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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Velazquez-Salinas L, Ramirez-Medina E, Rai A, Pruitt S, Vuono EA, Espinoza N, Gladue DP, Borca MV. Development Real-Time PCR Assays to Genetically Differentiate Vaccinated Pigs From Infected Pigs With the Eurasian Strain of African Swine Fever Virus. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:768869. [PMID: 34778441 PMCID: PMC8579032 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.768869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, African swine fever virus (ASFV) represents one of the most important economic threats for the global pork industry. Recently, significant advances have been made in the development of potential vaccine candidates to protect pigs against this virus. We have previously developed attenuated vaccine candidates by deleting critical viral genes associated with virulence. Here, we present the development of the accompanying genetic tests to discriminate between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA), a necessity during an ASFV vaccination campaign. We describe here the development of three independent real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays that detect the presence of MGF-360-12L, UK, and I177L genes, which were previously deleted from the highly virulent Georgia strain of ASFV to produce the three recombinant live attenuated vaccine candidates. When compared with the diagnostic reference qPCR that detects the p72 gene, all assays demonstrated comparable levels of sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of amplification to detect presence/absence of the ASFV Georgia 2007/1 strain (prototype virus of the Eurasian lineage) from a panel of blood samples from naïve, vaccinated, and infected pigs. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate the potential of these real-time PCR assays to be used as genetic DIVA tests, supporting vaccination campaigns associated with the use of ASFV-ΔMGF, ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUK, and ASFV-ΔI177L or cell culture adapted ASFV-ΔI177LΔLVR live attenuated vaccines in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro Velazquez-Salinas
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Elizabeth Ramirez-Medina
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Ayushi Rai
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Sarah Pruitt
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Vuono
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States.,Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS, United States
| | - Nallely Espinoza
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Douglas P Gladue
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Manuel V Borca
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States
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Guo Z, Zhuo Y, Li K, Niu S, Dai H. Recent advances in cell homeostasis by African swine fever virus-host interactions. Res Vet Sci 2021; 141:4-13. [PMID: 34634684 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute hemorrhagic disease caused by the infection of domestic swine and wild boar by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), with a mortality rate close to 90-100%. ASFV has been spreading in the world and poses a severe economic threat to the swine industry. There is no high effective vaccine commercially available or drug for this disease. However, attenuated ASFV isolates may infect pigs by chronic infection, and the infected pigs will not be lethal, which may indicate that pigs can produce protective immunity to resistant ASFV. Immunity acquisition and virus clearances are the central pillars to maintain the host normal cell activities and animal survival dependent on virus-host interactions, which has offered insights into the biology of ASFV. This review is organized around general themes including native immunity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cell apoptosis, ubiquitination, autophagy regarding the intricate relationship between ASFV protein-host. Elucidating the multifunctional role of ASFV proteins in virus-host interactions can provide more new insights on the initial virus sensing, clearance, and cell homeostasis, and contribute to understanding viral pathogenesis and developing novel antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeheng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yisha Zhuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Keke Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Sai Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hanchuan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Li D, Zhang J, Yang W, Li P, Ru Y, Kang W, Li L, Ran Y, Zheng H. African swine fever virus protein MGF-505-7R promotes virulence and pathogenesis by inhibiting JAK1- and JAK2-mediated signaling. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101190. [PMID: 34517008 PMCID: PMC8526981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large DNA virus that is highly contagious and pathogenic in domestic pigs with a mortality rate up to 100%. However, how ASFV suppresses JAK-STAT1 signaling to evade the immune response remains unclear. In this study, we found that the ASFV-encoded protein MGF-505-7R inhibited proinflammatory IFN-γ-mediated JAK-STAT1 signaling. Mechanistically, MGF-505-7R was found to interact with JAK1 and JAK2 and mediate their degradation. Further study indicated that MGF-505-7R promoted degradation of JAK1 and JAK2 by upregulating the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF125 expression and inhibiting expression of Hes5, respectively. Consistently, MGF-505-7R-deficient ASFV induced high levels of IRF1 expression and displayed compromised replication both in primary porcine alveolar macrophages and pigs compared with wild-type ASFV. Furthermore, MGF-505-7R deficiency attenuated the virulence of the ASFV and pathogenesis of ASF in pigs. These findings suggest that the JAK-STAT1 axis mediates the innate immune response to the ASFV and that MGF-505-7R plays a critical role in the virulence of the ASFV and pathogenesis of ASF by antagonizing this axis. Thus, we conclude that deletion of MGF-505-7R may serve as a strategy to develop attenuated vaccines against the ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Weifang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - LuLu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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40
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Hakizimana JN, Ntirandekura JB, Yona C, Nyabongo L, Kamwendo G, Chulu JLC, Ntakirutimana D, Kamana O, Nauwynck H, Misinzo G. Complete genome analysis of African swine fever virus responsible for outbreaks in domestic pigs in 2018 in Burundi and 2019 in Malawi. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:438. [PMID: 34402985 PMCID: PMC8368048 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02877-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks in domestic pigs have been reported in Burundi and Malawi and whole-genome sequences of circulating outbreak viruses in these countries are limited. In the present study, complete genome sequences of ASF viruses (ASFV) that caused the 2018 outbreak in Burundi (BUR/18/Rutana) and the 2019 outbreak in Malawi (MAL/19/Karonga) were produced using Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform and compared with other previously described ASFV complete genomes. The complete nucleotide sequences of BUR/18/Rutana and MAL/19/Karonga were 176,564 and 183,325 base pairs long with GC content of 38.62 and 38.48%, respectively. The MAL/19/Karonga virus had a total of 186 open reading frames (ORFs) while the BUR/18/Rutana strain had 151 ORFs. After comparative genomic analysis, the MAL/19/Karonga virus showed greater than 99% nucleotide identity with other complete nucleotides sequences of p72 genotype II viruses previously described in Tanzania, Europe and Asia including the Georgia 2007/1 isolate. The Burundian ASFV BUR/18/Rutana exhibited 98.95 to 99.34% nucleotide identity with genotype X ASFV previously described in Kenya and in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The serotyping results classified the BUR/18/Rutana and MAL/19/Karonga ASFV strains in serogroups 7 and 8, respectively. The results of this study provide insight into the genetic structure and antigenic diversity of ASFV strains circulating in Burundi and Malawi. This is important in order to understand the transmission dynamics and genetic evolution of ASFV in eastern Africa, with an ultimate goal of designing an efficient risk management strategy against ASF transboundary spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean N Hakizimana
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3297, Morogoro, Tanzania.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Jean B Ntirandekura
- Department of Animal Health and Productions, University of Burundi, PO Box 1550, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Clara Yona
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3297, Morogoro, Tanzania.,Department of Biosciences, Solomon Mahlangu College of Science and Education, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Lionel Nyabongo
- National Veterinary Laboratory of Burundi, PO Box 227, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Gladson Kamwendo
- Department of Animal Health and Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development, PO Box 2096, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Julius L C Chulu
- Department of Animal Health and Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development, PO Box 2096, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Olivier Kamana
- Department of Applied Research and Development and Foresight Incubation, National Industrial Research and Development Agency, PO Box 273, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Hans Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3297, Morogoro, Tanzania. .,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania.
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41
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Ai Q, Lin X, Xie H, Li B, Liao M, Fan H. Proteome Analysis in PAM Cells Reveals That African Swine Fever Virus Can Regulate the Level of Intracellular Polyamines to Facilitate Its Own Replication through ARG1. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071236. [PMID: 34206713 PMCID: PMC8310191 DOI: 10.3390/v13071236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2018, African swine fever broke out in China, and the death rate after infection was close to 100%. There is no effective and safe vaccine in the world. In order to better characterize and understand the virus–host-cell interaction, quantitative proteomics was performed on porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) infected with ASFV through tandem mass spectrometry (TMT) technology, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and mass spectrometry (MS). The proteome difference between the simulated group and the ASFV-infected group was found at 24 h. A total of 4218 proteins were identified, including 306 up-regulated differentially expressed proteins and 238 down-regulated differentially expressed proteins. Western blot analysis confirmed changes in the expression level of the selected protein. Pathway analysis is used to reveal the regulation of protein and interaction pathways after ASFV infection. Functional network and pathway analysis can provide an insight into the complexity and dynamics of virus–host cell interactions. Further study combined with proteomics data found that ARG1 has a very important effect on ASFV replication. It should be noted that the host metabolic pathway of ARG1-polyamine is important for virus replication, revealing that the virus may facilitate its own replication by regulating the level of small molecules in the host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangyun Ai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.A.); (X.L.); (H.X.)
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiwei Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.A.); (X.L.); (H.X.)
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hangao Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.A.); (X.L.); (H.X.)
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.A.); (X.L.); (H.X.)
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (H.F.); Tel.: +86-20-85280240 (M.L.); +86-20-85283309 (H.F.)
| | - Huiying Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.A.); (X.L.); (H.X.)
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (H.F.); Tel.: +86-20-85280240 (M.L.); +86-20-85283309 (H.F.)
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42
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Njau EP, Domelevo Entfellner JB, Machuka EM, Bochere EN, Cleaveland S, Shirima GM, Kusiluka LJ, Upton C, Bishop RP, Pelle R, Okoth EA. The first genotype II African swine fever virus isolated in Africa provides insight into the current Eurasian pandemic. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13081. [PMID: 34158551 PMCID: PMC8219699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) is ranked by OIE as the most important source of mortality in domestic pigs globally and is indigenous to African wild suids and soft ticks. Despite two ASFV genotypes causing economically devastating epidemics outside the continent since 1961, there have been no genome-level analyses of virus evolution in Africa. The virus was recently transported from south-eastern Africa to Georgia in 2007 and has subsequently spread to Russia, eastern Europe, China, and south-east Asia with devastating socioeconomic consequences. To date, two of the 24 currently described ASFV genotypes defined by sequencing of the p72 gene, namely genotype I and II, have been reported outside Africa, with genotype II being responsible for the ongoing pig pandemic. Multiple complete genotype II genome sequences have been reported from European, Russian and Chinese virus isolates but no complete genome sequences have yet been reported from Africa. We report herein the complete genome of a Tanzanian genotype II isolate, Tanzania/Rukwa/2017/1, collected in 2017 and determined using an Illumina short read strategy. The Tanzania/Rukwa/2017/1 sequence is 183,186 bp in length (in a single contig) and contains 188 open reading frames. Considering only un-gapped sites in the pairwise alignments, the new sequence has 99.961% identity with the updated Georgia 2007/1 reference isolate (FR682468.2), 99.960% identity with Polish isolate Pol16_29413_o23 (MG939586) and 99.957% identity with Chinese isolate ASFV-wbBS01 (MK645909.1). This represents 73 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) relative to the Polish isolate and 78 SNPs with the Chinese genome. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Tanzania/Rukwa/2017/1 clusters most closely with Georgia 2007/1. The majority of the differences between Tanzania/Rukwa/2017/1 and Georgia 2007/1 genotype II genomes are insertions/deletions (indels) as is typical for ASFV. The indels included differences in the length and copy number of the terminal multicopy gene families, MGF 360 and 110. The Rukwa2017/1 sequence is the first complete genotype II genome from a precisely mapped locality in Africa, since the exact origin of Georgia2007/1 is unknown. It therefore provides baseline information for future analyses of the diversity and phylogeography of this globally important genetic sub-group of ASF viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma P Njau
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | | | - Eunice M Machuka
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Edwina N Bochere
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sarah Cleaveland
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gabriel M Shirima
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Lughano J Kusiluka
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
- Mzumbe University, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Chris Upton
- Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - Richard P Bishop
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Roger Pelle
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Edward A Okoth
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Hub, Nairobi, Kenya
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43
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Wang Y, Dai J, Liu Y, Yang J, Hou Q, Ou Y, Ding Y, Ma B, Chen H, Li M, Sun Y, Zheng H, Zhang K, Wubshet AK, Zaberezhny AD, Aliper TI, Tarasiuk K, Pejsak Z, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Development of a Potential Penside Colorimetric LAMP Assay Using Neutral Red for Detection of African Swine Fever Virus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:609821. [PMID: 33967972 PMCID: PMC8102904 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.609821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) has caused huge economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Since there is no commercial ASF vaccine available, an early diagnosis is extremely important to prevent and control the disease. In this study, ASF virus (ASFV) capsid protein-encoding gene (p72) was selected and used to design primers for establishing a one-step visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay with neutral red, a pH-sensitive dye, as the color shift indicator. Neutral red exhibited a sharp contrast of color change from faint orange (negative) to pink (positive) during LAMP for detection of ASFV. The designed primer set targeting highly conserved region of the p72 gene was highly specific to ASFV and showed no cross-reactivity with other swine viruses. The detection limit for the one-step visual LAMP developed was 10 copies/reaction based on the recombinant plasmid containing the p72 gene of ASFV. More importantly, the developed one-step visual LAMP showed high consistency with the results of the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method recommended by World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the colorimetric detection with this LAMP assay could be directly applied for the whole blood and serum samples without requiring genome extraction. Based on our results, the developed one-step visual LAMP assay is a promising penside diagnostic tool for development of early and cost-effective ASF monitoring program that would greatly contribute to the prevention and control of ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junfei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunwen Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaozhong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haotai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - MiaoMiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ashenafi Kiros Wubshet
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Basic and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Alexei D Zaberezhny
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, All-Russian Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry (VNITIBP), Moscow, Russia
| | - Taras I Aliper
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center VIEV", Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Zygmunt Pejsak
- University Center of Veterinary Medicine JU-AU, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zhijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Bao YJ, Qiu J, Luo Y, Rodríguez F, Qiu HJ. The genetic variation landscape of African swine fever virus reveals frequent positive selection and adaptive flexibility. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:2703-2721. [PMID: 33751854 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a lethal disease agent that causes high mortality in swine population and devastating loss in swine industries. The development of efficacious vaccines has been hindered by the gap in knowledge concerning genetic variation of ASFV and the genetic factors involved in host adaptation and virus-host interactions. In this study, we performed a meta-genetic study of ASFV aiming to profile the variation landscape and identify genetic factors with signatures of positive selection and relevance to host adaptation. Our data reveal a high level of genetic variability of ASFV shaped by both diversifying selection and selective sweep. The selection signatures are widely distributed across the genome with the diversifying selection falling within 29 genes and selection sweep within 25 genes, highlighting strong signals of adaptive evolution of ASFV. Further examination of the sequence properties reveals the link of the selection signatures with virus-host interactions and adaptive flexibility. Specifically, we discovered a site at 157th of the key antigen protein EP402R under diversifying selection, which is located in the cytotoxic T-cell epitope related to the low level of cross-reaction in T-cell response. Importantly, two multigene families MGF360 and MGF505, the host range factors of ASFV, exhibit divergent selection among the paralogous members, conferring sequence pools for genetic diversification and adaptive capability. By integrating the genes with selection signatures into a unified framework of interactions between ASFV and hosts, we showed that the genes are involved in multiple processes of host immune interaction and virus life cycles, and may play crucial roles in circumventing host defence systems and enhancing adaptive fitness. Our findings will allow enhanced understanding of genetic basis of rapid spreading and adaptation of ASFV among the hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Juan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Junhui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yuzi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Fernando Rodríguez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA), Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
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Sun E, Zhang Z, Wang Z, He X, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang W, Huang L, Xi F, Huangfu H, Tsegay G, Huo H, Sun J, Tian Z, Xia W, Yu X, Li F, Liu R, Guan Y, Zhao D, Bu Z. Emergence and prevalence of naturally occurring lower virulent African swine fever viruses in domestic pigs in China in 2020. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:752-765. [PMID: 33655434 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) has been circulating in China for more than two years, and it is not clear whether the biological properties of the virus have changed. Here, we report on our surveillance of ASFVs in seven provinces of China, from June to December, 2020. A total of 22 viruses were isolated and characterized as genotype II ASFVs, with mutations, deletions, insertions, or short-fragment replacement occurring in all isolates compared with Pig/HLJ/2018 (HLJ/18), the earliest isolate in China. Eleven isolates had four different types of natural mutations or deletion in the EP402R gene and displayed a non-hemadsorbing (non-HAD) phenotype. Four isolates were tested for virulence in pigs; two were found to be as highly lethal as HLJ/18. However, two non-HAD isolates showed lower virulence but were highly transmissible; infection with 106 TCID50 dose was partially lethal and caused acute or sub-acute disease, whereas 103 TCID50 dose caused non-lethal, sub-acute or chronic disease, and persistent infection. The emergence of lower virulent natural mutants brings greater difficulty to the early diagnosis of ASF and creates new challenges for ASFV control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xijun He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Lianyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Fei Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Haoyue Huangfu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Ghebremedhin Tsegay
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Hong Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Jianhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Zhijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Wei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xuewu Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Renqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Yuntao Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.
| | - Zhigao Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.
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Hakizimana JN, Yona C, Kamana O, Nauwynck H, Misinzo G. African Swine Fever Virus Circulation between Tanzania and Neighboring Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020306. [PMID: 33672090 PMCID: PMC7919636 DOI: 10.3390/v13020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For over 100 years after the description of the first case of African swine fever (ASF) in Kenya, ASF virus (ASFV) cross-border spread in eastern and southern Africa has not been fully investigated. In this manuscript, we reviewed systematically the available literature on molecular epidemiology of ASF in Tanzania and its eight neighboring countries in order to establish the transmission dynamics of ASFV between these countries. Data were retrieved from World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS), Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and CrossRef databases, using the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and reviewed to document ASF outbreaks and ASFV genotypes distribution. Using phylogeographic approach applied to ASFV p72 sequence dataset, the evolutionary history and the dispersal pattern of the ASFV strains were assessed. From 2005 to 2019, a total of 1588 ASF outbreaks affecting 341,742 cases that led to 302,739 domestic pig deaths were reported. The case fatality rates (CFR) varied from 15.41% to 98.95% with an overall CFR of 88.58%. Fifteen different p72 ASFV genotypes were reported and the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) for ASFV strains dated back to 1652.233 (1626.473, 1667.735) with an evolutionary rate of 4.805 × 10−5 (2.5857 × 10−5, 9.7789 × 10−5). Phylogeographic dispersal analysis revealed several transboundary spread events of ASFV strains between these countries. These results suggest persistent circulation of ASFV in these countries and advocate for more research to improve our understanding of the transmission dynamics of the virus and for a regional approach to mitigate the spread of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean N. Hakizimana
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019 Morogoro, Tanzania;
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019 Morogoro, Tanzania
- Correspondence: (J.N.H.); (G.M.)
| | - Clara Yona
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019 Morogoro, Tanzania;
- Department of Biosciences, Solomon Mahlangu College of Science and Education, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019 Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Olivier Kamana
- Department of Applied Research and Development and Foresight Incubation, National Industrial Research and Development Agency, P.O. Box 273 Kigali, Rwanda;
| | - Hans Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019 Morogoro, Tanzania;
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019 Morogoro, Tanzania
- Correspondence: (J.N.H.); (G.M.)
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Liu B, Cui Y, Lu G, Wei S, Yang Z, Du F, An T, Liu J, Shen G, Chen Z. Small molecule inhibitor E-64 exhibiting the activity against African swine fever virus pS273R. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 35:116055. [PMID: 33607487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease in swine that results in high mortality in domestic pigs and causes considerable economic losses. Currently, there is no effective vaccine or drugs available for treatment. Identification of new anti-ASFV drugs is urgently needed. Here, the pS273R protein of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a specific SUMO-1-like cysteine protease that plays an important role in its replication process. To inhibit virus replication and improve treatment options, a set of small-molecule compounds, targeted inhibitors against the ASFV pS273R protease, were obtained through molecular screening by homology modeling and molecular docking based on structural information of pS273R. Our results clearly demonstrated that the 14th carbon atom of the cysteinase inhibitor E-64 could form one CS covalent bond with the Cys 232 amino acid of the pS273R protease and seven additional hydrogen bonds to maintain a stable binding state. Simultaneously, cell viability, immunophenotyping, and in vitro enzyme activity inhibition assays were performed to comprehensively evaluate E-64 characteristics. Our findings demonstrated that 4 mmol/L E-64 could effectively inhibit the enzyme activity center of the pS273R protease by preventing pS273R protease from lysing pp62, while promoting the upregulation of immune-related cytokines at the transcription level. Moreover, cell viability results revealed that 4 mmol/L E-64 was not cytotoxic. Taken together, we identified a novel strategy to potentially prevent ASFV infection in pigs by blocking the activity of pS273R protease with a small-molecule inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangzuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China, No.120, Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China
| | - Yuesong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China, No.120, Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China
| | - Gen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China, No.120, Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China
| | - Shu Wei
- The Preventive and Control Center of Animal Disease of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Agricultural Development Service Center, No. 95, Renhe Road, Shenbei District, Shenyang 110164, PR China
| | - Zuofeng Yang
- The Preventive and Control Center of Animal Disease of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Agricultural Development Service Center, No. 95, Renhe Road, Shenbei District, Shenyang 110164, PR China
| | - Fangyuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China, No.120, Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China
| | - Tongqing An
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678, Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Jinling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China, No.120, Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China
| | - Guoshun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China, No.120, Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China, No.120, Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China
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Portugal R, Goatley LC, Husmann R, Zuckermann FA, Dixon LK. A porcine macrophage cell line that supports high levels of replication of OURT88/3, an attenuated strain of African swine fever virus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 9:1245-1253. [PMID: 32515659 PMCID: PMC7448849 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1772675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The main target cells for African swine fever virus (ASFV) replication in pigs are of monocyte macrophage lineage and express markers typical of the intermediate to late stages of differentiation. The lack of a porcine cell line, which accurately represents these target cells, limits research on virus host interactions and the development of live-attenuated vaccine strains. We show here that the continuously growing, growth factor dependent ZMAC-4 porcine macrophage cell line is susceptible to infection with eight different field isolates of ASFV. Replication in ZMAC-4 cells occurred with similar kinetics and to similar high titres as in primary porcine bone marrow cells. In addition we showed that twelve passages of an attenuated strain of ASFV, OURT88/3, in ZMAC-4 cells did not reduce the ability of this virus to induce protection against challenge with virulent virus. Thus, the ZMAC-4 cells provide an alternative to primary cells for ASFV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Husmann
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Federico A Zuckermann
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Aptimmune Biologics, Inc., St Louis, MO, USA
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Bisimwa PN, Ongus JR, Steinaa L, Bisimwa EB, Bochere E, Machuka EM, Entfellner JBD, Okoth E, Pelle R. The first complete genome sequence of the African swine fever virus genotype X and serogroup 7 isolated in domestic pigs from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Virol J 2021; 18:23. [PMID: 33478547 PMCID: PMC7819171 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease, affects domestic pigs in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) where regular outbreaks are reported leading to high mortality rates approaching 100% in the affected regions. No study on the characteristics of the complete genome of strains responsible for ASF outbreaks in the South Kivu province of DRC is available, limited a better understanding of molecular evolution and spread of this virus within the country. The present study aimed at determining the complete genome sequence of ASFV strains genotype X involved in 2018–2019 ASF disease outbreaks in South Kivu province of DRC. Materials and methods Genomic DNA of a spleen sample from an ASFV genotype X-positive domestic pig in Uvira, during the 2018–2019 outbreaks in South Kivu, was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq X platform. Obtained trimmed reads using Geneious Prime 2020.0.4 were blasted against a pig reference genome then contigs were generated from the unmapped reads enriched in ASFV DNA using Spades implemented in Geneious 2020.0.4. The assembly of the complete genome sequence of ASFV was achieved from the longest overlapping contigs. The new genome was annotated with the genome annotation transfer utility (GATU) software and the CLC Genomics Workbench 8 software was further used to search for any ORFs that failed to be identified by GATU. Subsequent analyses of the newly determined Uvira ASFV genotype X genome were done using BLAST for databases search, CLUSTAL W for multiple sequences alignments and MEGA X for phylogeny. Results 42 Gbp paired-end reads of 150 bp long were obtained containing about 0.1% of ASFV DNA. The assembled Uvira ASFV genome, termed Uvira B53, was 180,916 bp long that could be assembled in 2 contigs. The Uvira B53genome had a GC content of 38.5%, encoded 168 open reading frames (ORFs) and had 98.8% nucleotide identity with the reference ASFV genotype X Kenya 1950. The phylogenetic relationship with selected representative genomes clustered the Uvira B53 strain together with ASFV genotype X reported to date (Kenya 1950 and Ken05/Tk1). Multiple genome sequences comparison with the two reference ASFV genotype X strains showed that 130 of the 168 ORFs were fully conserved in the Uvira B53. The other 38 ORFs were divergent mainly due to SNPs and indels (deletions and insertions). Most of 46 multigene family (MGF) genes identified were affected by various genetic variations. However, 8 MGF ORFs present in Kenya 1950 and Ken05/Tk1 were absent from the Uvira B53 genome including three members of MGF 360, four of MGF 110 and one of MGF 100 while one MGF ORF (MGF 360-1L) at the left end of the genome was truncated in Uvira B53. Moreover, ORFs DP96R and p285L were also absent in the Uvira B53 genome. In contrast, the ORF MGF 110-5L present in Uvira B53 and Ken05/Tk1 was missing in Kenya 1950. The analysis of the intergenic region between the I73R and I329L genes also revealed sequence variations between the three genotype X strains mainly characterized by a deletion of 69 bp in Uvira B53 and 36 bp in Kenya 1950, compared to Ken05/Tk1. Assessment of the CD2v (EP402R) antigen unveiled the presence of SNPs and indels particularly in the PPPKPY tandem repeat region between selected variants representing the eight serogroups reported to date. Uvira B53 had identical CD2v variable region to the Uganda (KM609361) strain, the only other ASFV serogroup 7 reported to date. Conclusion We report the first complete genome sequence of an African swine fever virus (ASFV) p72 genotype X and CD2v serogroup 7, termed Uvira B53. This study provides additional insights on genetic characteristics and evolution of ASFV useful for tracing the geographical spread of ASF and essential for improved design of control and management strategies against ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N Bisimwa
- Institute of Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Pan African University, Nairobi, Kenya. .,Department of Animal Science and Production, Université Evangélique en Afrique, P.O. Box 3323, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo.
| | - Juliette R Ongus
- Institute of Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Pan African University, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya
| | - Lucilla Steinaa
- International Livestock Research Institute, Animal and Human Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Espoir B Bisimwa
- Department of Animal Science and Production, Université Evangélique en Afrique, P.O. Box 3323, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Edwina Bochere
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Naivasha Road, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Eunice M Machuka
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Naivasha Road, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Jean-Baka Domelevo Entfellner
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Naivasha Road, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Edward Okoth
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Naivasha Road, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Roger Pelle
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, Naivasha Road, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
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Mai NTA, Vu XD, Nguyen TTH, Nguyen VT, Trinh TBN, Kim YJ, Kim HJ, Cho KH, Nguyen TL, Bui TTN, Jeong DG, Yoon SW, Truong T, Ambagala A, Song D, Le VP. Molecular profile of African swine fever virus (ASFV) circulating in Vietnam during 2019-2020 outbreaks. Arch Virol 2021; 166:885-890. [PMID: 33454861 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly infectious disease of pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). In order to identify potential genetic variations among ASFV strains circulating in Vietnam, 26 ASFV isolates from organs and blood samples collected from domestic pigs from 23 different provinces of northern, central and southern Vietnam during 2019-2020 ASF outbreaks were genetically characterized. Nucleotide sequences were determined for a portion of the B646L (p72) gene, the complete E183L (p54) gene, the variable region of EP402R (CD2v), the central variable region (CVR) of pB602L, and a tandem repeat sequence (TRS) between the I73R and I329L genes. Analysis of the partial B646L (p72) and EP402R (CD2v) gene sequences and the full-length E183L (p54) gene sequence showed that all 26 ASFV isolates belonged to genotype II and serotype VIII and that they were identical to the strain Georgia/2007/1 and all ASFV strains sequenced in China. The TRS between the I73R and I329L genes contained a 10-nucleotide insertion that was observed in the Chinese ASFV strain CN201801 isolated from domestic pigs in 2018, but not in the Georgia/2007/1 and China/Jilin/2018/boar strains isolated from wild boar in China. This is the first intra-epidemic genome analysis reported for the ASFV strains circulating in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Tuan Anh Mai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Xuan Dang Vu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Huyen Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Tam Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Bich Ngoc Trinh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yong Joo Kim
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Kim
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Thi Lan Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi To Nga Bui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dae Gwin Jeong
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Yoon
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Thang Truong
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Van Phan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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