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Zhang Y, Talukder S, Bhuiyan MSA, He L, Sarker S. Opportunistic sampling of yellow canary (Crithagra flaviventris) has revealed a high genetic diversity of detected parvoviral sequences. Virology 2024; 595:110081. [PMID: 38599030 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Parvoviruses are known to be significant viral pathogens that infect a wide range of species globally. However, little is known about the parvoviruses circulating in Australian birds, including yellow canaries. Here, we present four parvoviral sequences including three novel parvoviruses detected from 10 yellow canaries (Crithagra flaviventris), named canary chaphamaparvovirus 1 and -2 (CaChPV1 and CaChPV2), canary dependoparvovirus 1 and -2 (CaDePV1 and CaDePV2). The whole genome sequences of CaChPV1, CaChPV2, CaDePV1, and CaDePV2 showed the highest identity with other parvoviruses at 76.4%, 75.9%, 84.0%, and 59.1%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that CaChPV1 and CaChPV2 were clustered within the genus Chaphamaparvovirus. Meanwhile, CaDePV1 and CaDePV2 fall within the genus Dependoparvovirus and have the closest evolutionary relationship to the bird-associated dependoparvoviruses. Overall, this study enriched our understanding of the genetic diversity among avian parvoviruses within the Parvoviridae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zhang
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Saranika Talukder
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Md Safiul Alam Bhuiyan
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Livestock Production, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Lei He
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China.
| | - Subir Sarker
- Biomedical Sciences & Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
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2
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Li S, Huo X, Mu Y, Liu X, Wu J, Chen Y, Wang Y. TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of feline chaphamaparvovirus. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:61. [PMID: 38344284 PMCID: PMC10850043 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline chaphamaparvovirus (FeChPV) is a new viral strain detected in Chinese Mainland in recent years. The symptoms mainly include diarrhea and bloody stool in young cats, which can lead to death in severe cases. In this study, a TaqMan-based real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) with specific primers and TaqMan probes based on the VP1 gene sequence of FeChPV was performed to detect the virus. The established qPCR indicated that there is no cross-reaction of FeChPV with other common feline viruses. The minimum detection limit of the established qPCR method is 3.75 × 10 copies/µL, while conventional PCR is 3.75 × 103 copies/µL. The result that the proposed qPCR protocol was shown to be 100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. The correlation coefficients exceeded 0.995, and the amplification efficiency was 98%. The difference within and between groups is less than 5%, indicating that the established method has good repeatability. The results of clinical sample detection shown that 16 positive samples were detected from 45 stool samples by the established qPCR method. The conventional PCR method only detected 3 positive samples. In conclusion, the established qPCR method is fast and effective in identifying FeChPV, with higher specificity and sensitivity. It could be used as a diagnostic tool to quantitatively detect the virus content, which is conducive to disease monitoring and epidemiological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Mu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
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3
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Piewbang C, Lohavicharn P, Nguyen TV, Punyathi P, Kasantikul T, Techangamsuwan S. Carnivore chaphamaparvovirus-1 (CaChPV-1) infection in diarrheic dogs reveals viral endotheliotropism in intestine and lung. Vet Q 2023; 43:1-10. [PMID: 36846895 PMCID: PMC10013547 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2185696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnivore chaphamaparvovirus-1 (CaChPV-1) is a parvovirus identified in dogs and association of infection with diarrhea is controversial. Information on whether tissue tropism persists is lacking. OBJECTIVES To determine the disease association of CaChPV-1 in dogs with diarrhea and to investigate viral tropism and genetic diversity. ANIMALS AND METHODS CaChPV-1 infection was investigated in five recently deceased puppies and designed a retrospective study to determine whether the presence of CaChPV-1 is associated with diarrhea. The retrospective study was conducted in 137 intestinal tissue samples and 168 fecal samples obtained from 305 dogs. CaChPV-1 tissue localization was determined using in situ hybridization, and CaChPV-1 complete genomes obtained from dead puppies and retrospective study were sequenced and analyzed. RESULTS CaChPV-1 was detected in 6.56% (20/305) of tested dogs, including 14 diarrheic- and 6 non-diarrheic dogs, and was significant in puppies with diarrhea (p = 0.048). Among the CaChPV-1-positive diarrheic dogs, one sample was obtained from intestinal tissue and 13 samples were fecal samples. However, six CaChPV-1 positive non-diarrheic dogs were based on fecal samples but not on intestinal tissue. Within the age range, the presence of CaChPV-1 was significant in puppies (p < 0.00001) and was mainly localized in the stromal and endothelial cells of intestinal villi and pulmonary alveoli. Phylogenetic analysis indicated genetic diversity of CaChPV-1 Thai strains that were mostly clustered within the sequences found in China. CONCLUSIONS Although definitive pathogenesis of CaChPV-1 remains undetermined, this study provides evidence supporting that CaChPV-1 localizes in canine cells and could play a potential role as an enteric pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutchai Piewbang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattiya Lohavicharn
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tin Van Nguyen
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,The International Graduate Course of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panitnan Punyathi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanit Kasantikul
- Clemson Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Clemson University, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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4
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Li N, Bai Y, Yan X, Guo Z, Xiang K, Yang Z, Shangguan H, Ge J, Zhao L. The prevalence, genetic diversity and evolutionary analysis of cachavirus firstly detected in northeastern China. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1233972. [PMID: 37771946 PMCID: PMC10527371 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1233972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine cachavirus is a novel parvovirus belonging to the genus Chaphamaparvovirus that was first detected in dogs in the United States. However, our knowledge of the prevalence and genetic characteristics of cachavirus is relatively limited. In this study, 325 canine fecal specimens collected from healthy and diarrheic dogs in northeastern China were screened with PCR. Twenty-two of the 325 (6.8%) samples were positive for cachavirus. The diarrhea samples showed high viral coinfection rates, and we detected coinfections with canine astrovirus (CaAstV) and cachavirus for the first time. A sequence analysis revealed that the Chinese cachavirus strains have point mutations in four consecutive amino acid codons relative to the original American strain. A codon usage analysis of the VP1 gene showed that most preferred codons in cachavirus were A- or T-ending codons, as in traditional canine parvovirus 2. A co-evolutionary analysis showed that cachavirus has undergone cospeciation with its hosts and has been transmitted among different host species. Our findings extend the limited cachavirus sequences available, and provide detailed molecular characterization of the strains in northeastern China. Further epidemiological surveillance is required to determine the significance and evolution of cachavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuowa Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Yan
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiyuan Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Kongrui Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zaixing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Haikun Shangguan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Junwei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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5
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Sutherland M, Sarker S. Liver virome of a Little Corella (Cacatua sanguinea) reveals coinfection with a novel parvovirus and two beak and feather disease viruses. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:366-372. [PMID: 37497656 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Emerging diseases are acknowledged as a growing threat to wildlife, with the continued identification of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic viruses in avian species resulting from ongoing advances in molecular diagnostic techniques. Parvoviruses under the genus Chaphamaparvovirus (subfamily Hamaparvovirinae) are highly divergent. The detection and characterisation of parvoviruses in psittacine birds is limited. This study reports a novel parvovirus, tentatively named psittaciform chaphamaparvovirus 3 (PsChV-3) under the genus Chaphamaparvovirus, identified in an Australian free-ranging little corella (Cacatua sanguinea). The PsChV-3 genome is 4277 bp in length and encompasses four predicted open-reading frames, including two major genes, a nonstructural replicase gene (NS1), and a structural capsid gene (VP1). The NS1 and VP1 genes showed the closest amino acid identities of 78.8% and 69.7%, respectively, with a recently sequenced psittaciform chaphamaparvovirus 2 from Australian Neophema species grass parrots. In addition, the presence of two complete novel beak and feather disease (BFDV) genomes, 1993 and 1868 nt in length, respectively, were detected from the same bird. Both these BFDV genomes contained two bidirectional ORFs encoding the putative Rep and Cap proteins. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequenced novel BFDV genomes clustered in a distinct subclade with other BFDVs isolated from Australian cockatoos. This study contributes to the characterisation chaphamaparvoviruses and BFDV in Australian parrots and supports the need for ongoing monitoring and molecular studies into the avian virome in native Australian psittacine bird species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sutherland
- The Unusual Pet Vets, 210 Karingal Drive, Frankston, Victoria, 3930, Australia
| | - S Sarker
- Dept. of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, LaTrobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Biomedical Sciences & Molecular Biology, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
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6
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Guo X, Zhang Y, Pan Y, Yang K, Tong X, Wang Y. Phylogenetic Analysis and Codon Usage Bias Reveal the Base of Feline and Canine Chaphamaparvovirus for Cross-Species Transmission. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2617. [PMID: 37627409 PMCID: PMC10451695 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaphamaparvoviruses (ChPVs) are ancient viruses that have been detected in a variety of hosts. In this study, through a phylogenetic analysis and the adaptability of ChPV to multiple hosts, we evaluated the basis for the ability of feline (FeChPV) and canine ChPV (CaChPV) for cross-species transmission. Phylogenetic analysis showed that FeChPV and CaChPV were closely related. Notably, two strains of ChPVs isolated from domestic cats and two from dogs clustered together with CaChPVs and FeChPVs, respectively, suggesting that the stringent boundaries between canine and feline ChPV may be broken. Further analysis revealed that CaChPV and FeChPV were more adapted to dogs than to cats. Mutation analysis identified several shared mutations in cross-species-transmissible strains. Furthermore, the VP structures of FeChPV and CaChPV exhibited a high degree of similarity across both cross-species-transmissible and non-cross-species-transmissible strains. However, it is crucial to note that these results are largely computational, and limitations exist in terms of the number and diversity of samples analyzed; the capacity for cross-species transmission should be approached with caution and elucidated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yang Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kankan Yang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xinxin Tong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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7
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Dai Z, Wang H, Wu H, Zhang Q, Ji L, Wang X, Shen Q, Yang S, Ma X, Shan T, Zhang W. Parvovirus dark matter in the cloaca of wild birds. Gigascience 2022; 12:giad001. [PMID: 36734170 PMCID: PMC9896142 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of viral metagenomics and next-generation sequencing technology, more and more novel parvoviruses have been identified in recent years, including even entirely new lineages. The Parvoviridae family includes a different group of viruses that can infect a wide variety of animals. In this study, systematic analysis was performed to identify the "dark matter" (datasets that cannot be easily attributed to known viruses) of parvoviruses and to explore their genetic diversity from wild birds' cloacal swab samples. We have tentatively defined this parvovirus "dark matter" as a highly divergent lineage in the Parvoviridae family. All parvoviruses showed several characteristics, including 2 major protein-coding genes and similar genome lengths. Moreover, we observed that the novel parvo-like viruses share similar genome organizations to most viruses in Parvoviridae but could not clustered with the established subfamilies in phylogenetic analysis. We also found some new members associated with the Bidnaviridae family, which may be derived from parvovirus. This suggests that systematic analysis of domestic and wild animal samples is necessary to explore the genetic diversity of parvoviruses and to mine for more of this potential dark matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, China
| | - Haoning Wang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China
| | - Haisheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
- Qinghai Institute of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai 810099, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Qinghai Institute of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai 810099, China
| | - Likai Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Quan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Shixing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Qinghai Institute of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai 810099, China
| | - Tongling Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 810099, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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8
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Hao X, Li Y, Chen B, Wang H, Wang X, Xiao X, Zhou P, Li S. Detection of FeChPV in a cat shelter outbreak of upper respiratory tract disease in China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1064747. [PMID: 36569076 PMCID: PMC9773189 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1064747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline parvovirus often causes a fatal infectious disease and has a serious impact on domestic cats and wild felines. Feline chaphamaparvovirus (FeChPV) is a novel type of feline parvovirus that has been successively identified in Canada, Italy, and Turkey. The prevalence and pathogenicity of FeChPV in other regions is still unknown. In this study, we recorded the detection of FeChPV in a cat shelter in China. A high prevalence (81.08%, 30/37) of FeChPV was detected in cats with symptoms of upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) in this cat shelter. Multiple pathogen testing indicated high coinfection rates of 80% (24/30) with other common viruses in FeChPV-positive cats. Analyses of the necropsy and histopathological findings revealed severe lymphadenitis, encephalitis, and viral DNA in several tissues (including brain) of the deceased cat. Finally, we obtained nearly full-length genomes of four strains with 98.4%~98.6% homology with previously reported genomes. Notably, VP1 proteins showed seven unique amino acid mutations, while NS1 proteins carried eight mutations. In the evolutionary tree based on VP1 and NS1, the sequences clustered in a large branch with Italian and Canadian FeChPV strains. Given the possible association of FeChPV with URTD, further studies are necessary to evaluate the pathogenicity and epidemiological characteristics of this novel feline pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanchao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanhong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Pei Zhou,
| | - Shoujun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Shoujun Li,
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9
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Unravelling Bile Viromes of Free-Range Laying Chickens Clinically Diagnosed with Spotty Liver Disease: Emergence of Many Novel Chaphamaparvoviruses into Multiple Lineages. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112543. [PMID: 36423151 PMCID: PMC9695665 DOI: 10.3390/v14112543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spotty liver disease (SLD) causes substantial egg production losses and chicken mortality; therefore, it is a disease that concerns Australian egg farmers. Over the last few decades, much research has been conducted to determine the etiologic agents of SLD and to develop potential therapeutics; however, SLD still remains a major issue for the chicken industries globally and remained without the elucidation of potentially multiple pathogens involved. To help fill this gap, this study was aimed at understanding the viral diversity of bile samples from which the SLD-causing bacterium, Campylobacter hepaticus, has been isolated and characterised. The collected samples were processed and sequenced using high-throughput next-generation sequencing. Remarkably, this study found 15 galliform chaphamaparvoviruses (GaChPVs), of which 14 are novel under the genus Chaphamaparvovirus. Among them, nine were complete genomes that showed between 41.7% and 78.3% genome-wide pairwise similarities to one another. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis using the NS1 gene exhibited a multiple incursion of chaphamaparvovirus lineages, including a novel lineage of unknown ancestral history in free-range laying chickens in Australia. This is the first evidence of circulating many parvoviruses in chickens in Australia, which has increased our knowledge of the pathogen diversity that may have an association with SLD in chickens.
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10
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Matos M, Bilic I, Viloux N, Palmieri N, Albaric O, Chatenet X, Tvarogová J, Dinhopl N, Heidl S, Liebhart D, Hess M. A novel Chaphamaparvovirus is the etiological agent of hepatitis outbreaks in pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) characterized by high mortality. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e2093-e2104. [PMID: 35363935 PMCID: PMC9790297 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we report the occurrence of several outbreaks of hepatitis in flocks of young pheasants in France, between 2017 and 2021. The disease was characterized by prostration, apathy and a median cumulative mortality of 12%, with the birds presenting multifocal to coalescing necrotizing hepatitis on necropsy. Severe extensive areas of degeneration and necrosis were observed in the liver, with degenerative hepatocytes presenting large amphophilic to acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. Transmission electron microscopy examination of liver samples showed the presence of parvovirus-like virions of 21-24 nm, a finding already reported decades ago. Further investigations by Next Generation Sequencing and PCR revealed the complete genome of a novel species of parvovirus, here designated Phasianus chaphamaparvovirus 1 (PhChPV-1), that belongs to the new genus Chaphamaparvovirus in the Hamaparvovirinae subfamily. In situ hybridization and real-time PCR confirmed the etiology of the outbreaks, demonstrating the viral genome in the lesions. The findings establish the etiology of a pathology first described in pheasants 50 years ago and pave the way for a targeted protection strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Matos
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish MedicineDepartment for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public HealthUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ivana Bilic
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish MedicineDepartment for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public HealthUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Nicola Palmieri
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish MedicineDepartment for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public HealthUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Jana Tvarogová
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish MedicineDepartment for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public HealthUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Nora Dinhopl
- Department of PathobiologyInstitute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sarah Heidl
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish MedicineDepartment for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public HealthUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Dieter Liebhart
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish MedicineDepartment for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public HealthUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish MedicineDepartment for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public HealthUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
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11
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Establishment of SYBR green I-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for the rapid detection of a novel Chaphamaparvovirus in cats. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:91. [PMID: 35308811 PMCID: PMC8918419 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline parvovirus causes infectious diseases, and Chaphamaparvovirus is a novel type of feline parvovirus. The present study aims to establish a method that can be used in clinical rapid detection of feline Chaphamaparvovirus (FeChPV), for facilitate the timely and effective diagnosis and treatment of sick animals and shorten the diagnosis time of clinical diseases. The experimental samples in this study are from 20 cats undergoing physical examination in Hefei Xin’an Animal Hospital. An SYBR Green I-based qPCR assay was performed to detect FeChPV. A pair of specific primers was designed based on the VP1 gene to perform the assay. The detection assay showed high sensitivity with a detection limit of 1.07 × 101 copies/μL and high specificity for detection of only the target virus. The coefficients of Ct value variation were calculated to assess the reproducibility of the qPCR assay, and the inter- and intra-assay ranged from 0.21 to 0.67% and 0.10 to 0.56%, respectively. The result of clinical sample detection showed that the infection rate of FeChPV in 124 samples detected using qPCR assay was higher than that with conventional PCR. The established qPCR assay could be a low-cost, convenient, and reliable method to detect FeChPV in clinical practice.
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Molecular and Phylogenetic Characterisation of a Highly Divergent Novel Parvovirus (Psittaciform Chaphamaparvovirus 2) in Australian Neophema Parrots. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121559. [PMID: 34959514 PMCID: PMC8706300 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses under the genus Chaphamaparvovirus (subfamily Hamaparvovirinae) are highly divergent and have recently been identified in many animals. However, the detection and characterisation of parvoviruses in psittacine birds are limited. Therefore, this study reports a novel parvovirus, tentatively named psittaciform chaphamaparvovirus 2 (PsChPV-2) under the genus Chaphamaparvovirus, which was identified in Australian Neophema birds. The PsChPV-2 genome is 4371 bp in length and encompasses four predicted open-reading frames, including two major genes, a nonstructural replicase gene (NS1), and a structural capsid gene (VP1). The NS1 and VP1 genes showed the closest amino acid identities of 56.2% and 47.7%, respectively, with a recently sequenced psittaciform chaphamaparvovirus 1 from a rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus moluccanus). Subsequent phylogenetic analyses exhibited that the novel PsChPV-2 is most closely related to other chaphamaparvoviruses of avian origin and has the greatest sequence identity with PsChPV-1 (60.6%). Further systematic investigation is warranted to explore the diversity with many avian-associated parvoviruses likely to be discovered.
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Jager MC, Tomlinson JE, Lopez-Astacio RA, Parrish CR, Van de Walle GR. Small but mighty: old and new parvoviruses of veterinary significance. Virol J 2021; 18:210. [PMID: 34689822 PMCID: PMC8542416 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In line with the Latin expression "sed parva forti" meaning "small but mighty," the family Parvoviridae contains many of the smallest known viruses, some of which result in fatal or debilitating infections. In recent years, advances in metagenomic viral discovery techniques have dramatically increased the identification of novel parvoviruses in both diseased and healthy individuals. While some of these discoveries have solved etiologic mysteries of well-described diseases in animals, many of the newly discovered parvoviruses appear to cause mild or no disease, or disease associations remain to be established. With the increased use of animal parvoviruses as vectors for gene therapy and oncolytic treatments in humans, it becomes all the more important to understand the diversity, pathogenic potential, and evolution of this diverse family of viruses. In this review, we discuss parvoviruses infecting vertebrate animals, with a special focus on pathogens of veterinary significance and viruses discovered within the last four years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason C Jager
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Joy E Tomlinson
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Robert A Lopez-Astacio
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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First detection of feline bocaparvovirus 2 and feline chaphamaparvovirus in healthy cats in Turkey. Vet Res Commun 2021; 46:127-136. [PMID: 34553342 PMCID: PMC8457779 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09836-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pet cat’s population and the number of viruses that infect them are increasing worldwide. Recently, feline chaphamaparvovirus (FeChPV, also called fechavirus) and feline bocaparvovirus (FBoV) infections, which are novel parvovirus species, have been reported in cats from different geographic regions. Here, we investigated FBoV 1–3 and FeChPVs in healthy cats in Turkey using PCR, where nuclear phosphoprotein 1 (NP1) is targeted for FBoV and NP for FeChPV. For this purpose, oropharygeal swabs were obtained from 70 healthy cats with different housing status from June 15 to December 1, 2020. After PCR screening tests, six out of 70 cats (5/47 shelter cats; 1/23 domestic cats) were found to be positive for FBOV, while two were positive for FeChPV (1/47 shelter cats; 1/23 domestic cats). No cat was found in which both viruses were detected. The nucleotide (nt) sequence comparison in the 310 base pair (bp) NP gene of the two FeChPVs identified in this study shared a high identity with each other (95.0% nt and 99% aa identities) and with previously reported FeChPVs (92.4–97.1% nt and 98.1–99.0% aa identities), including 313R/2019/ITA, 49E/2019/ITA, VRI_849, 284R/2019/ITA, and IDEXX-1. Here, the near-full length (1489 nt, 495 amino acids-aa) of the VP2 gene of the FechaV/Tur-2020/68 isolate obtained from the study was also sequenced. The nt and aa identity ratio of this isolate with other FeChPVs was 98.0–98.5%-96–96.5%, respectively. Sequences of the 465 bp NP1 gene of the six Turkish FBoV strains shared high identities with each other (99.6–100% nt and 99.3–100% aa identities) and with those of FBoV-2 strains (97.8–99.1% nt and 98.0–100% aa identities), including 16SY0701, 17CC0505-BoV2, HFXA-6, and POR1. All FBoVs detected in this study were classified as genotype 2, similar to the study conducted in Japan and Portugal. Here, the NS1 (partial), NP1, VP1 and VP2 gene of the FBoV-2/TUR/2020–14 strain obtained from the study were also sequenced and the nt and aa sequences showed high identities to the above-mentioned FBoV-2 strain/isolates (> 96%, except for the aa ratio of strain 16SY0701). In conclusion, this study shows that FBoV and FeChPV are present in healthy cats in Turkey, and these viruses can be detected from oropharyngeal swabs. Our findings contribute to further investigation of the prevalence, genotype distribution, and genetic diversity of Turkish FBoVs and FeChPVs, adding to the molecular epidemiology of FBoV and FeChPVs worldwide.
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Di Profio F, Sarchese V, Palombieri A, Fruci P, Massirio I, Martella V, Fulvio M, Di Martino B. Feline chaphamaparvovirus in cats with enteritis and upper respiratory tract disease. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:660-668. [PMID: 33559350 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Feline chaphamaparvovirus (FeChPV) is a novel parvovirus, first discovered in a multi-facility feline shelter in Canada in 2019, during an outbreak of acute gastro-enteritis (AGE) in cats, and detected at high prevalence (47.0%) in faecal samples. Whether this finding was anecdotal or similar viruses are common components of feline virome is still unclear. Also, the potential impact of this virus on feline health is uncertain. Herewith, a case-control study was performed to investigate whether this novel parvovirus may play a role as enteric pathogen, screening samples collected from cats with and without AGE signs. Furthermore, we extended the research by testing archival paired oropharyngeal and ocular samples collected from cats with or without upper respiratory tract disease (URTD). FeChPV DNA was detected at high prevalence rate (36.8%, 14/38) in clinical cases, representing the most frequently identified enteric virus, followed by feline panleukopenia parvovirus (23.7%, 9/38), feline coronavirus (5.3%, 2/38), feline kobuvirus (5.3%, 2/38) and noroviruses (5.3%, 2/38). The different prevalence rates of FeChPV between the case and control group were statistically significant, suggesting a possible association of the virus with acute gastro-enteric disease. The virus was also detected at low rate in the respiratory samples of cats with (3.3%, 6/183) or without URTD (4.3%, 6/140), although there was no significant association between FeChPV and URTD. The complete VP encoding gene was determined for five viruses and the nearly full-length genome was reconstructed for three viruses, namely 313R/2019/ITA, 284R/2019/ITA and 49E/2019/ITA. In the NS1-based tree, the Italian strains clustered tightly with the two FeChPV prototypes detected in Canada, within a monophyletic cluster related to but clearly distinct from canine chaphamaparvovirus, currently classified in the species Carnivore chaphamaparvovirus 1 (CaChPV-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Profio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sarchese
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Palombieri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Paola Fruci
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Marsilio Fulvio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Investigating the Diversity and Host Range of Novel Parvoviruses from North American Ducks Using Epidemiology, Phylogenetics, Genome Structure, and Codon Usage Analysis. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020193. [PMID: 33525386 PMCID: PMC7912424 DOI: 10.3390/v13020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses are small single-stranded DNA viruses that can infect both vertebrates and invertebrates. We report here the full characterization of novel viruses we identified in ducks, including two viral species within the subfamily Hamaparvovirinae (duck-associated chapparvovirus, DAC) and a novel species within the subfamily Densovirinae (duck-associated ambidensovirus, DAAD). Overall, 5.7% and 21.1% of the 123 screened ducks (American black ducks, mallards, northern pintail) were positive for DAC and DAAD, respectively, and both viruses were more frequently detected in autumn than in winter. Genome organization and predicted transcription profiles of DAC and DAAD were similar to viruses of the genera Chaphamaparvovirus and Protoambidensovirus, respectively. Their association to these genera was also demonstrated by subfamily-wide phylogenetic and distance analyses of non-structural protein NS1 sequences. While DACs were included in a highly supported clade of avian viruses, no definitive conclusions could be drawn about the host type of DAAD because it was phylogenetically close to viruses found in vertebrates and invertebrates and analyses of codon usage bias and nucleotide frequencies of viruses within the family Parvoviridae showed no clear host-based viral segregation. This study highlights the high parvoviral diversity in the avian reservoir with many avian-associated parvoviruses likely yet to be discovered.
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Ji J, Hu W, Liu Q, Zuo K, Zhi G, Xu X, Kan Y, Yao L, Xie Q. Genetic Analysis of Cachavirus-Related Parvoviruses Detected in Pet Cats: The First Report From China. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:580836. [PMID: 33330704 PMCID: PMC7719813 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.580836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, members of the Carnivore chaphamaparvovirus species 1, closely related to a virus previously reported in dog feces named cachavirus was identified for the first time in feces of Chinese cats. Screening tests using rectal swabs from 171 diarrheic and 378 healthy cats collected from Henan, Anhui, and Zhejiang provinces in China revealed two samples from diarrheic cats that were positive for cachavirus, but statistical analysis indicated no association between the presence of the virus and clinical signs (p > 0.05). Subsequently, two partial genome sequences [from nucleotides 479–4123, according to the strains from dogs (cachavirus)] of the two strains from cats (cachavirus-cat1 and -cat2) were amplified. The NS1 and VP1 sites of cachavirus-cat1 and -cat2 shared a high identity of 91.9 and 97.0% with reported cachaviruses, respectively, but lower identity of 74.8 and 73.2% with another carnivore chaphamaparvovirus named fechaviruses detected in cats, respectively, indicated the two strains might origin from dogs. These findings improve our understanding of the diversity and tropism of viruses in Carnivore chaphamaparvovirus species 1 which now include both dogs and now cats viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ji
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Kejing Zuo
- Veterinary Laboratory, Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanglin Zhi
- Veterinary Laboratory, Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Detection and genetic characterization of a novel parvovirus (family Parvoviridae) in barn owls (Tyto alba) in Hungary. Arch Virol 2020; 166:231-236. [PMID: 33136208 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel parvovirus (gyb-MR02/2015/HUN, MT580795) was detected in barn owls (Tyto alba) and genetically characterized using viral metagenomics and PCR methods. The NS1 and VP1 proteins of gyb-MR02/2015/HUN share only 45.4% and 50.1% amino acid sequence identity, respectively, to the corresponding proteins of peafowl parvovirus 2 (MK988620), the closest relative. Out of 11 faecal specimens from owls (six from little owls, three from barn owls, and two from long-eared owls), two barn owl samples were positive for the novel parvovirus, which is distantly related to members of the recently established genus Chaphamaparvovirus in the subfamily Hamaparvovirinae. Systematic investigation is necessary to explore the diversity of parvoviruses.
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Hu W, Liu Q, Chen Q, Ji J. Molecular characterization of Cachavirus firstly detected in dogs in China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 85:104529. [PMID: 32890765 PMCID: PMC7468343 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Canine Cachavirus was novel parvovirus species has been firstly identified in dogs in USA and was classified within the proposed Chaphamaparvovirus genus. To investigate Cachavirus infection in dogs in China, 408 rectal swabs from healthy and diarrheic dogs obtained during 2018-2019 were screened. The rate of Cachavirus positivity was 0% and 1.55% in healthy or diarrheic dogs, respectively. However, statistical analysis suggested no association between the presence of the virus and clinical signs (p > 0.05). Nucleotide identity was 98.2%-98.9% for NS1 and 98.6%-99.1% for VP1, and amino acid identity was 97.9%-98.7% for NS1 and 98.8%-99.6% for VP1 between the five Chinese strains and Cachavirus-1A and Cachavirus-1B detected in the United States. Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that these Cachavirus strains are genetically related to Cachavirus-1A and Cachavirus-1B. This study confirms the presence of Cachavirus in pet dogs in China and provides novel findings on its molecular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Qinxi Chen
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China
| | - Jun Ji
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, PR China.
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Palombieri A, Di Profio F, Lanave G, Capozza P, Marsilio F, Martella V, Di Martino B. Molecular detection and characterization of Carnivore chaphamaparvovirus 1 in dogs. Vet Microbiol 2020; 251:108878. [PMID: 33069035 PMCID: PMC7528909 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Canine chaphamaparvovirus (CaChPV) is a novel parvovirus recently discovered in dogs; Herein, stool samples from dogs with or without enteric signs were screened for CaChPV; CaChPV DNA was found either in diarrhoeic (1.9 %) or asymptomatic (1.6 %) dogs; The nearly complete genome sequences were determined for two strains; The Italian CaChPV strains tightly clustered with the American reference viruses.
Canine chaphamaparvovirus (CaChPV) is a newly recognised parvovirus discovered by metagenomic analysis during an outbreak of diarrhoea in dogs in Colorado, USA, in 2017 and more recently detected in diarrhoeic dogs in China. Whether the virus plays a role as canine pathogen and whether it is distributed elsewhere, in other geographical areas, is not known. We performed a case-control study to investigate the possible association of CaChPV with enteritis in dogs. CaChPV DNA was detected both in the stools of diarrhoeic dogs (1.9 %, 3/155) and of healthy animals (1.6 %, 2/120). All the CaChPV-infected dogs with diarrhea were mixed infected with other enteric viruses such as canine parvovirus (formerly CPV-2), canine bufavirus (CBuV) and canine coronavirus (CCoV), whilst none of the asymptomatic CaChPV positive animals resulted co-infected. The nearly full-length genome and the partial capsid protein (VP) gene of three canine strains, Te/36OVUD/19/ITA, Te/37OVUD/19/ITA and Te/70OVUD/19/ITA, were reconstructed. Upon phylogenetic analyses based on the NS1 and VP aa sequences, the Italian CaChPV strains tightly clustered with the American reference viruses. Distinctive residues could be mapped to the deduced variable regions of the VP of canine and feline chaphamaparvoviruses, considered as important markers of host range and pathogenicity for parvoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palombieri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Federica Di Profio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Località Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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Liu W, Zhang Y, Ma J, Jiang N, Fan Y, Zhou Y, Cain K, Yi M, Jia K, Wen H, Liu W, Guan W, Zeng L. Determination of a novel parvovirus pathogen associated with massive mortality in adult tilapia. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008765. [PMID: 32970777 PMCID: PMC7588064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tilapia is one of the most important economic and fastest-growing species in aquaculture worldwide. In 2015, an epidemic associated with severe mortality occurred in adult tilapia in Hubei, China. The causative pathogen was identified as Tilapia parvovirus (TiPV) by virus isolation, electron microscopy, experimental challenge, In situ hybridization (ISH), indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), and viral gene sequencing. Electron microscopy revealed large numbers of parvovirus particles in the organs of diseased fish, including kidney, spleen, liver, heart, brain, gill, intestine, etc. The virions were spherical in shape, non-enveloped and approximately 30nm in diameter. The TiPV was isolated and propagated in tilapia brain cells (TiB) and induced a typical cytopathic effect (CPE) after 3 days post-infection (dpi). This virus was used to experimentally infect adult tilapia and clinical disease symptoms similar to those observed naturally were replicated. Additionally, the results of ISH and IFA showed positive signals in kidney and spleen tissues from TiPV-infected fish. To identify TiPV-specific sequences, the near complete genome of TiPV was obtained and determined to be 4269 bp in size. Phylogenetic analysis of the NS1 sequence revealed that TiPV is a novel parvovirus, forms a separate branch in proposed genus Chapparvovirus of Parvoviridae. Results presented here confirm that TiPV is a novel parvovirus pathogen that can cause massive mortality in adult tilapia. This provides a basis for the further studies to define the epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of this emerging viral disease. A novel parvovirus isolated from adult tilapia causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Using a SISPA-PCR and RACE, we identified and characterized 4269 nucleotides of this parvovirus. Tentatively named Tilapia parvovirus (TiPV), this is to our knowledge the first putative member of the family Parvoviridae shown to infect a teleost host. We found that a nucleotide sequence similarity search by BLASTX had no significant matches with other viruses, while amino acid sequence comparison indicated approximately 34.6% ~ 50.0% amino acids (aa) homology with other parvoviruses. Similarities between the genomes of parvoviruses infecting hosts in different phyla or divisions indicate a need to update previously suggested hypotheses on the origins of parvovirus. Our findings may represent new avenues to explain viral evolution and suggest a need to further study parvovirus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yecheng Zhang
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences and the Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kenneth Cain
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences and the Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Meisheng Yi
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Kuntong Jia
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Wen
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wuxiang Guan
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: ; (WG); (LZ)
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: ; (WG); (LZ)
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Yuan K, Wang D, Luan Q, Sun J, Gao Q, Jiang Z, Wang S, Han Y, Qu X, Cui Y, Qiu S, Di Y, Wang X, Song S, Wang P, Xia S, Yu Y, Liu W, Yin Y. Whole Genome Characterization and Genetic Evolution Analysis of a New Ostrich Parvovirus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030334. [PMID: 32204363 PMCID: PMC7150892 DOI: 10.3390/v12030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ostrich diseases characterized by paralysis have been breaking out in broad areas of China since 2015, causing major damage to the ostrich breeding industry in China. This report describes a parvovirus detected in ostriches from four different regions. The entire genomes of four parvovirus strains were sequenced following amplification by PCR, and we conducted comprehensive analysis of the ostrich parvovirus genome. Results showed that the length genomes of the parvovirus contained two open reading frames. Ostrich parvovirus (OsPV) is a branch of goose parvovirus (GPV). Genetic distance analysis revealed a close relationship between the parvovirus and goose parvovirus strains from China, with the closest being the 2016 goose parvovirus RC16 strain from Chongqing. This is the first report of a parvovirus in ostriches. However, whether OsPV is the pathogen of ostrich paralysis remains uncertain. This study contributes new information about the evolution and epidemiology of parvovirus in China, which provides a new way for the study of paralysis in ostriches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266019, China; (K.Y.); (Q.L.); (Q.G.); (Z.J.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Q.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.)
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Qingdao Bolong Experimental Animal Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266225, China; (D.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Qingdong Luan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266019, China; (K.Y.); (Q.L.); (Q.G.); (Z.J.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Q.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.)
| | - Ju Sun
- Qingdao Bolong Experimental Animal Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266225, China; (D.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Qianwen Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266019, China; (K.Y.); (Q.L.); (Q.G.); (Z.J.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Q.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.)
| | - Zhiyao Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266019, China; (K.Y.); (Q.L.); (Q.G.); (Z.J.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Q.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.)
| | - Shouchun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266019, China; (K.Y.); (Q.L.); (Q.G.); (Z.J.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Q.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.)
| | - Yijun Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266019, China; (K.Y.); (Q.L.); (Q.G.); (Z.J.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Q.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.)
| | - Xueting Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266019, China; (K.Y.); (Q.L.); (Q.G.); (Z.J.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Q.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.)
| | - Yueying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266019, China; (K.Y.); (Q.L.); (Q.G.); (Z.J.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Q.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.)
| | - Shimei Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266019, China; (K.Y.); (Q.L.); (Q.G.); (Z.J.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Q.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.)
| | - Youxia Di
- China Ostrich Farming and Development Association, Beijing 100026, China; (Y.D.); (X.W.); (S.S.); (P.W.); (S.X.)
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- China Ostrich Farming and Development Association, Beijing 100026, China; (Y.D.); (X.W.); (S.S.); (P.W.); (S.X.)
| | - Shige Song
- China Ostrich Farming and Development Association, Beijing 100026, China; (Y.D.); (X.W.); (S.S.); (P.W.); (S.X.)
| | - Peiheng Wang
- China Ostrich Farming and Development Association, Beijing 100026, China; (Y.D.); (X.W.); (S.S.); (P.W.); (S.X.)
| | - Shilong Xia
- China Ostrich Farming and Development Association, Beijing 100026, China; (Y.D.); (X.W.); (S.S.); (P.W.); (S.X.)
| | - Yongle Yu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Weiquan Liu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yanbo Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266019, China; (K.Y.); (Q.L.); (Q.G.); (Z.J.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Q.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.)
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (Y.Y.)
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Fahsbender E, Charlys da-Costa A, Elise Gill D, Augusto de Padua Milagres F, Brustulin R, Julio Costa Monteiro F, Octavio da Silva Rego M, Soares D’Athaide Ribeiro E, Cerdeira Sabino E, Delwart E. Plasma virome of 781 Brazilians with unexplained symptoms of arbovirus infection include a novel parvovirus and densovirus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229993. [PMID: 32134963 PMCID: PMC7058308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma from patients with dengue-like symptoms was collected in 2013 to 2016 from the Brazilian states of Tocantins and Amapa. 781 samples testing negative for IgM against Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses and for flaviviruses, alphaviruses and enteroviruses RNA using RT-PCRs were analyzed using viral metagenomics. Viral particles-associated nucleic acids were enriched, randomly amplified, and deep sequenced in 102 mini-pools generating over 2 billion reads. Sequence data was analyzed for the presence of known and novel eukaryotic viral reads. Anelloviruses were detected in 80%, human pegivirus 1 in 19%, and parvovirus B19 in 17% of plasma pools. HIV and enteroviruses were detected in two pools each. Previously uncharacterized viral genomes were also identified, and their presence in single plasma samples confirmed by PCR. Chapparvovirus and ambidensovirus genomes, both in the Parvoviridae family, were partially characterized showing 33% and 34% identity in their NS1 sequences to their closest relative. Molecular surveillance using pre-existing plasma from febrile patients provides a readily scalable approach for the detection of novel, potentially emerging, viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Fahsbender
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- UCSF Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Antonio Charlys da-Costa
- School of Medicine & Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Infectious Disease, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Elise Gill
- School of Medicine & Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Infectious Disease, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Augusto de Padua Milagres
- Public Health Laboratory State (LACEN/TO), Secretary of Health of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
- Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Rafael Brustulin
- Public Health Laboratory State (LACEN/TO), Secretary of Health of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
- Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- School of Medicine & Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Infectious Disease, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric Delwart
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- UCSF Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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