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Chen J, Song HX, Hu JH, Bai JS, Li XH, Sun RC, Zhao BQ, Li MZ, Zhou B. Classical swine fever virus non-structural protein 5B hijacks host METTL14-mediated m6A modification to counteract host antiviral immune response. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012130. [PMID: 38551978 PMCID: PMC11006178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Classical Swine Fever (CSF), caused by the Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV), inflicts significant economic losses on the global pig industry. A key factor in the challenge of eradicating this virus is its ability to evade the host's innate immune response, leading to persistent infections. In our study, we elucidate the molecular mechanism through which CSFV exploits m6A modifications to circumvent host immune surveillance, thus facilitating its proliferation. We initially discovered that m6A modifications were elevated both in vivo and in vitro upon CSFV infection, particularly noting an increase in the expression of the methyltransferase METTL14. CSFV non-structural protein 5B was found to hijack HRD1, the E3 ubiquitin ligase for METTL14, preventing METTL14 degradation. MeRIP-seq analysis further revealed that METTL14 specifically targeted and methylated TLRs, notably TLR4. METTL14-mediated regulation of TLR4 degradation, facilitated by YTHDF2, led to the accelerated mRNA decay of TLR4. Consequently, TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling, a crucial component of the innate immune response, is suppressed by CSFV. Collectively, these data effectively highlight the viral evasion tactics, shedding light on potential antiviral strategies targeting METTL14 to curb CSFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-xin Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-huan Hu
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Ji-shan Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-han Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui-cong Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing-qian Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei-zhen Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Genome-wide transcriptome profiling of CSF virus challenged monocyte-derived macrophages provides distinct insights into immune response of Landrace and indigenous Ghurrah pigs. Genomics 2022; 114:110427. [PMID: 35803450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to characterize the distinct immune response in indigenous Ghurrah and exotic Landrace pigs by challenging monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) with CSF virus under in-vitro conditions and assessing the variations in the transcriptome profile at 48 h post-infection (hpi). RNA-sequencing was carried out in infected and non-infected MDMs of Ghurrah (n = 3) and Landrace (n = 3) piglets prior- as well as post-stimulation. MDMs of Ghurrah showed greater immune regulation in response to CSF infection with 518 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEG) in infected versus non-infected MDMs, as compared to only 31 DEGs in Landrace MDMs. In Landrace, the principal regulators of inflammation (IL1α, IL1β and TNF) were upregulated in infected cells while in Ghurrah, these were downregulated. Overall, macrophages from indigenous Ghurrah showed more immunological dysregulation in response to virulent CSF virus infection as compared to the exotic Landrace pigs.
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3
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Duan C, Ge X, Wang J, Wei Z, Feng WH, Wang J. Ergosterol peroxide exhibits antiviral and immunomodulatory abilities against porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) via suppression of NF-κB and p38/MAPK signaling pathways in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107317. [PMID: 33493866 PMCID: PMC9412180 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging swine enteropathogenic coronavirus (CoV) that poses economic and public health burdens. Currently, there are no effective antiviral agents against PDCoV. Cryptoporus volvatus often serves as an antimicrobial agent in Traditional Chinese Medicines. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral activities of ergosterol peroxide (EP) from C. volvatus against PDCoV infection. The inhibitory activity of EP against PDCoV was assessed by using virus titration and performing Quantitative Reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays in LLC-PK1 cells. The mechanism of EP against PDCoV was analyzed by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR and Western blotting. We found that EP treatment inhibited PDCoV infection in LLC-PK1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Subsequently, we demonstrated that EP blocked virus attachment and entry using RT-qPCR. Time-of-addition assays indicated that EP mainly exerted its inhibitory effect at the early and middle stages in the PDCoV replication cycle. EP also inactivated PDCoV infectivity directly as well as suppressed PDCoV-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, EP treatment decreased the phosphorylation of IκBα and p38 MAPK induced by PDCoV infection as well as the mRNA levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-β, Mx1 and PKR). These results imply that EP can inhibit PDCoV infection and regulate host immune responses by downregulating the activation of the NF-κB and p38/MAPK signaling pathways in vitro. EP can be used as a potential candidate for the development of a new anti-PDCoV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinna Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junchi Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhanyong Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Hai Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiufeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Sah V, Kumar A, Dhar P, Upmanyu V, Tiwari AK, Wani SA, Sahu AR, Kumar A, Badasara SK, Pandey A, Saxena S, Rai A, Mishra BP, Singh RK, Gandham RK. Signature of genome wide gene expression in classical swine fever virus infected macrophages and PBMCs of indigenous vis-a-vis crossbred pigs. Gene 2020; 731:144356. [PMID: 31935504 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The genetic basis of differential host immune response vis-à-vis transcriptome profile was explored in PBMCs of indigenous (Ghurrah) and crossbred pigs after classical swine fever vaccination and in monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs) challenged with virulent classical swine fever (CSF) virus. The humoral immune response (E2 antibody) was higher (74.87%) in crossbred than indigenous pigs (58.20%) at 21st days post vaccination (21dpv). The rate of reduction of ratio of CD4+/CD8+ was higher in crossbred pigs than indigenous pigs at 7th days post vaccination (7dpv). The immune genes IFIT1, IFIT5, RELA, NFKB2, TNF and LAT2 were up regulated at 7dpv in RNA seq data set and was in concordance during qRT-PCR validation. The Laminin Subunit Beta 1 (LAMB1) was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) down-regulated in MDMs of indigenous pigs and consequently a significantly (p ≤ 0.01) higher copy number of virulent CSF virus was evidenced in macrophages of crossbred pigs than indigenous pigs. Activation of LXR:RXR pathway at 60 h post infection (60hpi) in MDMs of indigenous versus crossbred pigs inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB, resulted into transrepression of proinflammatory genes. But it helped in maintenance of HDL level by lowering down cholesterol/LDL level in MDMs of indigenous pigs. The key immune genes (TLR2, TLR4, IL10, IL8, CD86, CD54, CASP1) of TREM1 signaling pathway were upregulated at 7dpv in PBMCs but those genes were downregulated at 60hpi in MDMs indigenous pigs. Using qRT-PCR, the validation of differentially expressed, immunologically important genes (LAMB1, OAS1, TLR 4, TLR8 and CD86) in MDMs revealed that expression of these genes were in concordance with RNA-seq data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Sah
- Animal Genetics, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Animal Genetics, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India.
| | - P Dhar
- Standardization Division, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - V Upmanyu
- Standardization Division, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - A K Tiwari
- Standardization Division, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | | | - A R Sahu
- Animal Biotechnology, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Animal Biochemistry, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - S K Badasara
- Immunology, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Aruna Pandey
- Animal Biotechnology, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Shikha Saxena
- Animal Genetics, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Anil Rai
- Centre for Bioinformatics, ICAR-IASRI, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - B P Mishra
- Animal Biotechnology, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - R K Singh
- Animal Biotechnology, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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5
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Cao Z, Yang Q, Zheng M, Lv H, Kang K, Zhang Y. Classical swine fever virus non-structural proteins modulate Toll-like receptor signaling pathways in porcine monocyte-derived macrophages. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:101-109. [PMID: 30827374 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial activators of the innate immune response that play various roles in viral infection. Studies have confirmed that classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection has significant effects on the expression of immune effectors participating in TLR signaling pathways; however, the involvement of CSFV-encoded proteins in TLR signaling pathways remains unclear. In this study, lentiviral individually expressing CSFV non-structural proteins (NSPs) were constructed to identify the "key proteins" that affect TLR gene expression and to analyze the impacts of these proteins on factors downstream of the TLR signaling pathways. The results indicated that Npro, NS2, NS3, NS3/4A, NS4B and NS5A all failed to induce the activation of NF-κB p65. Furthermore, NS4B was found to inhibit poly (I:C) stimulation-mediated activation of the TLR3 signaling pathway in porcine monocyte-derived macrophages (pMDMs), thereby suppressing the TRIF mRNA transcription, the IRF3 protein translation and the NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, and ultimately affecting the secretion of IL-6 and IFN-β; CSFV NS5A protein could significantly increase the activation of MyD88 and IRF7 as well as the consequent synthesis of IFN-α in pMDMs. The results suggest that CSFV NSPs affect TLR-mediated innate immune responses in pMDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Minping Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Huifang Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Kai Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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6
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Huang T, Huang X, Shi B, Wang F, Feng W, Yao M. Regulators of Salmonella-host interaction identified by peripheral blood transcriptome profiling: roles of TGFB1 and TRP53 in intracellular Salmonella replication in pigs. Vet Res 2018; 49:121. [PMID: 30541630 PMCID: PMC6292071 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood transcriptome is an important intermediate data source for investigating the mechanism of Salmonella invasion, proliferation, and transmission. We challenged 4-week old piglets with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 and investigated the peripheral blood gene expression profile before treatment (d0) and at 2 and 7 days post-inoculation (dpi) using deep sequencing. Regulator pathways were first predicted in silico and validated by wet-lab experiments. In total, 1255, 765, and 853 genes were differentially expressed between 2 dpi/d0, 7 dpi/d0, and 7 dpi/2 dpi, respectively. Additionally, 1333 genes showed a time effect during the investigated Salmonella infection period. Clustering analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes fell into six distinct expression clusters. Pathway annotation of these gene clusters showed that the innate immune system was first significantly upregulated at 2 dpi and then attenuated at 7 dpi. Toll-like receptor cascades, MyD88 cascade, phagosome pathway, cytokine signaling pathway, and lysosome pathway showed a similar expression pattern. Interestingly, we found that the ribosome pathway was significantly inhibited at 2 and 7 dpi. Gene expression regulation network enrichment analysis identified several candidate factors controlling the expression clusters. Further in vitro study showed that TGFB1 can inhibit Salmonella replication whereas TRP53 can promote Salmonella replication in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and murine macrophages. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of Salmonella-host interactions and clues for the genetic improvement of Salmonella infection resistance in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghua Huang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Xiali Huang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Bomei Shi
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Wenzhao Feng
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Min Yao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
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Peterson TA, MacLean AG. Current and Future Therapeutic Strategies for Lentiviral Eradication from Macrophage Reservoirs. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2018; 14:68-93. [PMID: 30317409 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, one of the most abundant populations of leukocytes in the body, function as the first line of defense against pathogen invaders. Human Immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) remains to date one of the most extensively studied viral infections. Naturally occurring lentiviruses in domestic and primate species serve as valuable models to investigate lentiviral pathogenesis and novel therapeutics. Better understanding of the role macrophages play in HIV pathogenesis will aid in the advancement towards a cure. Even with current efficacy of first- and second-line Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) guidelines and future efficacy of Long Acting Slow Effective Release-ART (LASER-ART); ART alone does not lead to a cure. The major challenge of HIV eradication is viral latency. Latency Reversal Agents (LRAs) show promise as a possible means to eradicate HIV-1 from the body. It has become evident that complete eradication will need to include combinations of various effective therapeutic strategies such as LASER-ART, LRAs, and gene editing. Review of the current literature indicates the most promising HIV eradication strategy appears to be LASER-ART in conjunction with viral and receptor gene modifications via the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Graphical abstract A multimodal approach to HIV treatment including gene editing, LASER-ART, and latency reversal agents may provide a means to achieve HIV eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Peterson
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Andrew G MacLean
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane Brain Institute, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.
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8
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Brown VR, Bevins SN. A Review of Classical Swine Fever Virus and Routes of Introduction into the United States and the Potential for Virus Establishment. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:31. [PMID: 29556501 PMCID: PMC5844918 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is caused by CSF virus (CSFV) which can be the source of substantial morbidity and mortality events in affected swine. The disease can take one of several forms (acute, chronic, or prenatal) and depending on the virulence of the inoculating strain may result in a lethal infection irrespective of the form acquired. Because of the disease-free status of the United States and the high cost of a viral incursion, a summary of US vulnerabilities for viral introduction and persistence is provided. The legal importation of live animals as well as animal products, byproducts, and animal feed serve as a potential route of viral introduction. Current import regulations are described as are mitigation strategies that are commonly utilized to prevent pathogens, including CSFV, from entering the US. The illegal movement of suids and their products as well as an event of bioterrorism are both feasible routes of viral introduction but are difficult to restrict or regulate. Ultimately, recommendations are made for data that would be useful in the event of a viral incursion. Population and density mapping for feral swine across the United States would be valuable in the event of a viral introduction or spillover; density data could further contribute to understanding the risk of infection in domestic swine. Additionally, ecological and behavioral studies, including those that evaluate the effects of anthropogenic food sources that support feral swine densities far above the carrying capacity would provide invaluable insight to our understanding of how human interventions affect feral swine populations. Further analyses to determine the sampling strategies necessary to detect low levels of antibody prevalence in feral swine would also be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vienna R Brown
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Sarah N Bevins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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RNA Seq analysis for transcriptome profiling in response to classical swine fever vaccination in indigenous and crossbred pigs. Funct Integr Genomics 2017; 17:607-620. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-017-0558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Ning P, Zhou Y, Liang W, Zhang Y. Different RNA splicing mechanisms contribute to diverse infective outcome of classical swine fever viruses of differing virulence: insights from the deep sequencing data in swine umbilical vein endothelial cells. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2113. [PMID: 27330868 PMCID: PMC4906664 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying RNA splicing regulation in response to viral infection are poorly understood. Classical swine fever (CSF), one of the most economically important and highly contagious swine diseases worldwide, is caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Here, we used high-throughput sequencing to obtain the digital gene expression (DGE) profile in swine umbilical vein endothelial cells (SUVEC) to identify different response genes for CSFV by using both Shimen and C strains. The numbers of clean tags obtained from the libraries of the control and both CSFV-infected libraries were 3,473,370, 3,498,355, and 3,327,493 respectively. In the comparison among the control, CSFV-C, and CSFV-Shimen groups, 644, 158, and 677 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were confirmed in the three groups. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that many of these DEGs were enriched in spliceosome, ribosome, proteasome, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, cell cycle, focal adhesion, Wnt signalling pathway, etc., where the processes differ between CSFV strains of differing virulence. To further elucidate important mechanisms related to the differential infection by the CSFV Shimen and C strains, we identified four possible profiles to assess the significantly expressed genes only by CSFV Shimen or CSFV C strain. GO analysis showed that infection with CSFV Shimen and C strains disturbed ‘RNA splicing’ of SUVEC, resulting in differential ‘gene expression’ in SUVEC. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was identified as a significant response regulator contributed to impact on SUVEC function for CSFV Shimen. This computational study suggests that CSFV of differing virulence could induce alterations in RNA splicing regulation in the host cell to change cell metabolism, resulting in acute haemorrhage and pathological damage or infectious tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi; School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yulu Zhou
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , China
| | - Wulong Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi
| | - Yanming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi
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Wang Y, Liu S, Li Y, Wang Q, Shao J, Chen Y, Xin J. Mycoplasma bovis-derived lipid-associated membrane proteins activate IL-1β production through the NF-κB pathway via toll-like receptor 2 and MyD88. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:111-8. [PMID: 26499291 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis causes pneumonia, otitis media, and arthritis in young calves, resulting in economic losses to the cattle industry worldwide. M. bovis pathogenesis results in part from excessive immune responses. Lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) can potently induce host innate immunity. However, interactions between M. bovis-derived LAMPs and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), or signaling pathways eliciting active inflammation and NF-κB activation, are incompletely understood. Here, we found that IL-1β expression was induced in embryonic bovine lung (EBL) cells stimulated with M. bovis-derived LAMPs. Subcellular-localization analysis revealed nuclear p65 translocation following EBL cell stimulation with M. bovis-derived LAMPs. An NF-κB inhibitor reversed M. bovis-derived LAMP-induced IL-1β expression. TLR2 and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) overexpression increased LAMP-dependent IL-1β induction. TLR2-neutralizing antibodies reduced IL-1β expression during LAMP stimulation. LAMPs also inhibited IL-1β expression following overexpression of a dominant-negative MyD88 protein. These results suggested that M. bovis-derived LAMPs activate IL-1β production through the NF-κB pathway via TLR2 and MyD88.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- National Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Reference Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Suli Liu
- National Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Reference Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuan Li
- National Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Reference Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jiari Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jiuqing Xin
- National Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Reference Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, 150001, China.
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12
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Cao Z, Liang W, Guo K, Lin Z, Zhang Y, Li H, Zheng M, Zhang C, Ning P, Kang K. A comparison of the impact of Shimen and C strains of classical swine fever virus on Toll-like receptor expression. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:1732-45. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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13
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Abstract
Pestiviruses are among the economically most important pathogens of livestock. The biology of these viruses is characterized by unique and interesting features that are both crucial for their success as pathogens and challenging from a scientific point of view. Elucidation of these features at the molecular level has made striking progress during recent years. The analyses revealed that major aspects of pestivirus biology show significant similarity to the biology of human hepatitis C virus (HCV). The detailed molecular analyses conducted for pestiviruses and HCV supported and complemented each other during the last three decades resulting in elucidation of the functions of viral proteins and RNA elements in replication and virus-host interaction. For pestiviruses, the analyses also helped to shed light on the molecular basis of persistent infection, a special strategy these viruses have evolved to be maintained within their host population. The results of these investigations are summarized in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Tautz
- Institute for Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Birke Andrea Tews
- Institut für Immunologie, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Gregor Meyers
- Institut für Immunologie, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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Nixon SE, González-Peña D, Lawson MA, McCusker RH, Hernandez AG, O’Connor JC, Dantzer R, Kelley KW, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Analytical workflow profiling gene expression in murine macrophages. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2015; 13:1550010. [PMID: 25708305 PMCID: PMC4539142 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720015500109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive and simultaneous analysis of all genes in a biological sample is a capability of RNA-Seq technology. Analysis of the entire transcriptome benefits from summarization of genes at the functional level. As a cellular response of interest not previously explored with RNA-Seq, peritoneal macrophages from mice under two conditions (control and immunologically challenged) were analyzed for gene expression differences. Quantification of individual transcripts modeled RNA-Seq read distribution and uncertainty (using a Beta Negative Binomial distribution), then tested for differential transcript expression (False Discovery Rate-adjusted p-value < 0.05). Enrichment of functional categories utilized the list of differentially expressed genes. A total of 2079 differentially expressed transcripts representing 1884 genes were detected. Enrichment of 92 categories from Gene Ontology Biological Processes and Molecular Functions, and KEGG pathways were grouped into 6 clusters. Clusters included defense and inflammatory response (Enrichment Score = 11.24) and ribosomal activity (Enrichment Score = 17.89). Our work provides a context to the fine detail of individual gene expression differences in murine peritoneal macrophages during immunological challenge with high throughput RNA-Seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E. Nixon
- Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Dianelys González-Peña
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Marcus A. Lawson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Robert H. McCusker
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Alvaro G. Hernandez
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jason C. O’Connor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keith W. Kelley
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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15
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Singh A, Kumar A, Sahoo NR, Upmanyu V, Kumar B, Bhushan B, Sharma D. Association of humoral response to classical swine fever vaccination with single nucleotide polymorphisms of swine leukocyte antigens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1013965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Macrophage involvement in viral infections and antiviral states is common. However, this involvement has not been well-studied in the paradigm of macrophage polarization, which typically has been categorized by the dichotomy of classical (M1) and alternative (M2) statuses. Recent studies have revealed the complexity of macrophage polarization in response to various cellular mediators and exogenous stimuli by adopting a multipolar view to revisit the differential process of macrophages, especially those re-polarized during viral infections. Here, through examination of viral infections targeting macrophages/monocytic cells, we focus on the direct involvement of macrophage polarization during viral infections. Type I and type III interferons (IFNs) are critical in regulation of viral pathogenesis and host antiviral infection; thus, we propose to incorporate IFN-mediated antiviral states into the framework of macrophage polarization. This view is supported by the multifunctional properties of type I IFNs, which potentially elicit and regulate both M1- and M2-polarization in addition to inducing the antiviral state, and by the discoveries of viral mechanisms to adapt and modulate macrophage polarization. Indeed, several recent studies have demonstrated effective prevention of viral diseases through manipulation of macrophage immune statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Sang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Laura C Miller
- Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Frank Blecha
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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17
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Lin Z, Liang W, Kang K, Li H, Cao Z, Zhang Y. Classical swine fever virus and p7 protein induce secretion of IL-1β in macrophages. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:2693-2699. [PMID: 25146005 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.068502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) has a tropism for vascular endothelial cells and immune system cells. The process and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18, is one of the fundamental reactions of the innate immune response to viral infection. In this study, we investigated the production of IL-1β from macrophages following CSFV infection. Our results showed that IL-1β was upregulated after CSFV infection through activating caspase-1. Subsequent studies demonstrated that reactive oxygen species may not be involved in CSFV-mediated IL-1β release. Recently, research has indicated a novel mechanism by which inflammasomes are triggered through detection of activity of viroporin. We further demonstrated that CSFV viroporin p7 protein induced IL-1β secretion which could be inhibited by the ion channel blocker amantadine and also discovered that p7 protein was a short-lived protein degraded by the proteasome. Together, our observations provided an insight into the mechanism of CSFV-induced inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Wulong Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Kai Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Helin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhi Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
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18
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Lan Y, Zhao K, Zhao J, Lv X, Wang G, Lu H, Tang B, Li Z, Chang L, Jin Z, He W, Gao F. Gene-expression patterns in the cerebral cortex of mice infected with porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus detected using microarray. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:2192-2203. [PMID: 24973237 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.066845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is the main causative agent of porcine coronavirus-associated disease, which is characterized by encephalomyelitis and involves the central nervous system. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms of brain injury caused by PHEV. To gain insight into the interaction between the virus and host cells, changes in global gene expression in the cerebral cortex of PHEV- or mock-infected mice were investigated using DNA microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR. The results of the microarray analysis showed that 365 genes on day 3 post-infection (p.i.) and 781 genes on day 5 p.i. were differentially expressed in response to PHEV infection in the cerebral cortex. The upregulated genes were mainly involved in immune system processes, antigen processing and presentation, the Jak-STAT signalling pathway, the RIG-I-like receptor signalling pathway, Toll-like receptor signalling and apoptosis-related proteases. Significantly downregulated genes were mainly involved in nervous-system development, synaptic transmission, neuron-projection development, the transmission of nerve impulses and negative regulation of glial cell differentiation. The differential expression of these genes suggests a strong antiviral host response, but may also contribute to the pathogenesis of PHEV resulting in encephalomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungang Lan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Jiakuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Lv
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Gaili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Bo Tang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Zi Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Lingzhu Chang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Zhao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Wenqi He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
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Gladue DP, Baker-Bransetter R, Holinka LG, Fernandez-Sainz IJ, O’Donnell V, Fletcher P, Lu Z, Borca MV. Interaction of CSFV E2 protein with swine host factors as detected by yeast two-hybrid system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85324. [PMID: 24416391 PMCID: PMC3885694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
E2 is one of the envelope glycoproteins of pestiviruses, including classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). E2 is involved in several critical functions, including virus entry into target cells, induction of a protective immune response and virulence in swine. However, there is no information regarding any host binding partners for the E2 proteins. Here, we utilized the yeast two-hybrid system and identified fifty-seven host proteins as positive binding partners which bound E2 from both CSFV and BVDV with the exception of two proteins that were found to be positive for binding only to CSFV E2. Alanine scanning of CSFV E2 demonstrated that the binding sites for these cellular proteins on E2 are likely non-linear binding sites. The possible roles of the identified host proteins are discussed as the results presented here will be important for future studies to elucidate mechanisms of host protein-virus interactions during pestivirus infection. However, due to the limitations of the yeast two hybrid system, the proteins identified is not exhaustive and each interaction identified needs to be confirmed by independent experimental approaches in the context of virus-infected cells before any definitive conclusion can be drawn on relevance for the virus life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P. Gladue
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ryan Baker-Bransetter
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York, United States of America
| | - Lauren G. Holinka
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York, United States of America
| | - Ignacio J. Fernandez-Sainz
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York, United States of America
| | - Vivian O’Donnell
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Paige Fletcher
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Department of Homeland Security, Greenport, New York, United States of America
| | - Manuel V. Borca
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Wang X, Ao H, Zhai L, Bai L, He W, Yu Y, Wang C. Genome-wide effects of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor on gene expression in double-stranded RNA transfected porcine PK15 cells. Genomics 2013; 103:371-9. [PMID: 24184360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is produced in host cells during viral replication. The effects of DNA demethylation on gene expression in dsRNA transfected swine cells are unclear. The study aims to profile the transcriptome changes which are induced by DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (Aza-CdR) in porcine PK15 cells transfected with viral-like dsRNA (Poly(I:C)). A total of 44, 76 and 952 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the cells treated by Poly(I:C) plus Aza-CdR (P+A), Poly(I:C) (P) or Aza-CdR (A) alone compared to the controls (C). Immune response-related pathways are observed in the comparison of A vs. C and P vs. C, and the genes in the pathways were recovered in the comparison of (P+A) vs. C. GO analysis indicated that Aza-CdR has negative regulatory effects on viral reproduction. The results suggest that the stimulant of Poly(I:C) could be regressed by Aza-CdR. These observations provide new insights into the epigenetic regulatory effects on viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Ao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Domestic Animal Genetic Resources and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liwei Zhai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijing Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Domestic Animal Genetic Resources and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiyong He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chuduan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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21
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Classical swine fever virus infection modulates serum levels of INF-α, IL-8 and TNF-α in 6-month-old pigs. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:1262-7. [PMID: 24148871 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have highlighted the important role of cytokines in disease development of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection. In the present study, we examined the kinetics of 7 porcine cytokines in serum from pigs infected with 3 different CSFV strains. Based on the clinical picture in 6-month-old Danish pigs, the strains used for inoculation were classified as being of low (Bergen), low to moderate (Eystrup) and moderate to high (Lithuania) virulence. The cytokines interferon-alpha (INF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) showed increased levels after CSFV infection with more or less comparable course in the 3 groups. However, the cytokine level peaked with a 2-3 days delay in pigs infected with the low virulent strain compared to those infected with a moderately or highly virulent strain. These findings may indicate that INF-α, IL-8 and TNF-α are involved in the immune response during CSFV infection with strains of different virulence.
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22
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Kaczkowski B, Rossing M, Andersen DK, Dreher A, Morevati M, Visser MA, Winther O, Nielsen FC, Norrild B. Integrative analyses reveal novel strategies in HPV11,-16 and -45 early infection. Sci Rep 2012; 2:515. [PMID: 22808421 PMCID: PMC3398386 DOI: 10.1038/srep00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between human papillomavirus (HPV) and host cells is not well understood. We investigate the early stage of HPV infections by global expression profiling in a cell model, in which HaCaT cells were transfected with HPV11, HPV16 or HPV45 genomes. We report the differential expression of genes not previously implicated in HPV biology, such as the PSG family and ANKRD1, and of genes implicated in the biology of other viruses, e.g. MX1, IFI44 and DDX60. Carcinogenesis-related genes, e.g. ABL2, MGLL and CYR61, were upregulated by high-risk HPV16 and -45. The integrative analysis revealed the suppression of DNA repair by HPV11 and -16, and downregulation of cytoskeleton genes by all HPV types. Various signalling pathways were affected by the HPVs: IL-2 by HPV11; JAK-STAT by HPV16; and TGF-β, NOTCH and tyrosine kinase signalling by HPV45. This study uncovered novel strategies employed by HPV to establish infection and promote uncontrolled growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumil Kaczkowski
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology and Biomedical Research and Innovation Centre, Copenhagen University, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Rossing
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte K. Andersen
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DNA Tumor Virus Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anita Dreher
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DNA Tumor Virus Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marya Morevati
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DNA Tumor Virus Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melissa A. Visser
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DNA Tumor Virus Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Winther
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology and Biomedical Research and Innovation Centre, Copenhagen University, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- DTU Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Finn Cilius Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bodil Norrild
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DNA Tumor Virus Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Wang Y, Liu C, Fang Y, Liu X, Li W, Liu S, Liu Y, Liu Y, Charreyre C, Audonnet JC, Chen P, He Q. Transcription analysis on response of porcine alveolar macrophages to Haemophilus parasuis. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:68. [PMID: 22330747 PMCID: PMC3296652 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) is the etiological agent of Glässer's disease in pigs. Currently, the molecular basis of this infection is largely unknown. The innate immune response is the first line of defense against the infectious disease. Systematical analysis on host innate immune response to the infection is important for understanding the pathogenesis of the infectious microorganisms. Results A total of 428 differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified in the porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) 6 days after H. parasuis infection. These genes were principally related to inflammatory response, immune response, microtubule polymerization, regulation of transcript and signal transduction. Through the pathway analysis, the significant pathways mainly concerned with cell adhesion molecules, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, suggesting that the host took different strategies to activate immune and inflammatory response upon H. parasuis infection. The global interactions network and two subnetworks of the proteins encoded by DE genes were analyzed by using STRING. Further immunostimulation analysis indicated that mRNA levels of S100 calcium-binding protein A4 (S100A4) and S100 calcium-binding protein A6 (S100A6) in porcine PK-15 cells increased within 48 h and were sustained after administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Poly (I:C) respectively. The s100a4 and s100a6 genes were found to be up-regulated significantly in lungs, spleen and lymph nodes in H. parasuis infected pigs. We firstly cloned and sequenced the porcine coronin1a gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed that poCORONIN 1A belonged to the group containing the Bos taurus sequence. Structural analysis indicated that the poCORONIN 1A contained putative domains of Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature, Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile and Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile at the N-terminus. Conclusions Our present study is the first one focusing on the response of porcine alveolar macrophages to H. parasuis. Our data demonstrate a series of genes are activated upon H. parasuis infection. The observed gene expression profile could help screening the potential host agents for reducing the prevalence of H. parasuis and further understanding the molecular pathogenesis associated with H. parasuis infection in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Disease, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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24
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Huang TH, Uthe JJ, Bearson SMD, Demirkale CY, Nettleton D, Knetter S, Christian C, Ramer-Tait AE, Wannemuehler MJ, Tuggle CK. Distinct peripheral blood RNA responses to Salmonella in pigs differing in Salmonella shedding levels: intersection of IFNG, TLR and miRNA pathways. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28768. [PMID: 22174891 PMCID: PMC3236216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomic analysis of the response to bacterial pathogens has been reported for several species, yet few studies have investigated the transcriptional differences in whole blood in subjects that differ in their disease response phenotypes. Salmonella species infect many vertebrate species, and pigs colonized with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) are usually asymptomatic, making detection of these Salmonella-carrier pigs difficult. The variable fecal shedding of Salmonella is an important cause of foodborne illness and zoonotic disease. To investigate gene pathways and biomarkers associated with the variance in Salmonella shedding following experimental inoculation, we initiated the first analysis of the whole blood transcriptional response induced by Salmonella. A population of pigs (n = 40) was inoculated with ST and peripheral blood and fecal Salmonella counts were collected between 2 and 20 days post-inoculation (dpi). Two groups of pigs with either low shedding (LS) or persistent shedding (PS) phenotypes were identified. Global transcriptional changes in response to ST inoculation were identified by Affymetrix Genechip® analysis of peripheral blood RNA at day 0 and 2 dpi. ST inoculation triggered substantial gene expression changes in the pigs and there was differential expression of many genes between LS and PS pigs. Analysis of the differential profiles of gene expression within and between PS and LS phenotypic classes identified distinct regulatory pathways mediated by IFN-γ, TNF, NF-κB, or one of several miRNAs. We confirmed the activation of two regulatory factors, SPI1 and CEBPB, and demonstrated that expression of miR-155 was decreased specifically in the PS animals. These data provide insight into specific pathways associated with extremes in Salmonella fecal shedding that can be targeted for further exploration on why some animals develop a carrier state. This knowledge can also be used to develop rational manipulations of genetics, pharmaceuticals, nutrition or husbandry methods to decrease Salmonella colonization, shedding and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hua Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jolita J. Uthe
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Shawn M. D. Bearson
- National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture- Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | | | - Dan Nettleton
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Susan Knetter
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Curtis Christian
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Amanda E. Ramer-Tait
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | | | - Christopher K. Tuggle
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus causes disease and upregulation of genes related to inflammatory and immune responses, cell death, and lipid metabolism in pigs. J Virol 2011; 85:11626-37. [PMID: 21900171 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.05705-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There exists limited information about whether adaptation is needed for cross-species transmission of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (pH1N1). Here, we compare the pathogenesis of two pH1N1 viruses, one derived from a human patient (A/CA/04/09 [CA09]) and the other from swine (A/swine/Alberta/25/2009 [Alb09]), with that of the 1918-like classical swine influenza virus (A/swine/Iowa/1930 [IA30]) in the pig model. Both pH1N1 isolates induced clinical symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, decreased activity, fever, and labored breathing in challenged pigs, but IA30 virus did not cause any clinical symptoms except fever. Although both the pH1N1 viruses and the IA30 virus caused lung lesions, the pH1N1 viruses were shed from the nasal cavities of challenged pigs whereas the IA30 virus was not. Global gene expression analysis indicated that transcriptional responses of the viruses were distinct. pH1N1-infected pigs had an upregulation of genes related to inflammatory and immune responses at day 3 postinfection that was not seen in the IA30 infection, and expression levels of genes related to cell death and lipid metabolism at day 5 postinfection were markedly different from those of IA30 infection. These results indicate that both pH1N1 isolates are more virulent due in part to differences in the host transcriptional response during acute infection. Our study also indicates that pH1N1 does not need prior adaptation to infect pigs, has a high potential to be maintained in naïve swine populations, and might reassort with currently circulating swine influenza viruses.
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26
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Contribution of large pig for renal ischemia-reperfusion and transplantation studies: the preclinical model. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:532127. [PMID: 21403881 PMCID: PMC3051176 DOI: 10.1155/2011/532127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal experimentation is necessary to characterize human diseases and design adequate therapeutic interventions. In renal transplantation research, the limited number of in vitro models involves a crucial role for in vivo models and particularly for the porcine model. Pig and human kidneys are anatomically similar (characterized by multilobular structure in contrast to rodent and dog kidneys unilobular). The human proximity of porcine physiology and immune systems provides a basic knowledge of graft recovery and inflammatory physiopathology through in vivo studies. In addition, pig large body size allows surgical procedures similar to humans, repeated collections of peripheral blood or renal biopsies making pigs ideal for medical training and for the assessment of preclinical technologies. However, its size is also its main drawback implying expensive housing. Nevertheless, pig models are relevant alternatives to primate models, offering promising perspectives with developments of transgenic modulation and marginal donor models facilitating data extrapolation to human conditions.
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