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Kulmann-Leal B, Ellwanger JH, Arend AC, Jobim LFJ, Jobim M, Michita RT, Callegari-Jacques SM, Pôrto LCDMS, Chies JAB. CCR5Δ32 and HLA allele diversity in bone marrow donors from southern Brazil. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 47:e20230198. [PMID: 39074297 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of stem cells derived from donors with CCR5Δ32 homozygous genotype is a potential strategy to achieve both the control of malignant hematological disease as well as sustained remission of the HIV infection, and researchers in different countries are looking for CCR5Δ32 homozygous donors to replicate such a 'double-target' strategy. We determined the frequency of the CCR5Δ32 variant in a sample of 1,398 bone marrow donors from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This study also evaluated whether HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 genotypes are homogeneously distributed between CCR5Δ32 carriers and non-carriers in a population characterized by a significant genetic admixture. The CCR5Δ32 allele frequency was 7.4% (CI0.95 6.4-8.4%), and the frequency of the Δ32/Δ32 homozygous genotype was 0.72% (CI0.95 0.34-1.31%). In general, HLA genotypes are homogeneously distributed between CCR5Δ32 carriers and non-carriers. Considering the large number of bone marrow donors in Brazil and the high CCR5Δ32 allele frequency observed in our study, our results clearly indicate the existence of a considerable amount of potential CCR5Δ32 homozygous bone marrow donors in southern Brazil, suggesting that an active search for these donors is not only feasible but an attractive and promising strategy towards effective HIV infection control and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Kulmann-Leal
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Arend
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Unidade de Imunologia de Transplantes e Medicina Personalizada, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Job Jobim
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Unidade de Imunologia de Transplantes e Medicina Personalizada, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Jobim
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Unidade de Imunologia de Transplantes e Medicina Personalizada, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Tomoya Michita
- Baylor College of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sidia Maria Callegari-Jacques
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Estatística, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Văcăraş V, Vulturar R, Chiş A, Damian L. Inclusion body myositis, viral infections, and TDP-43: a narrative review. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:91. [PMID: 38693436 PMCID: PMC11062973 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitous RNA-processing molecule TDP-43 is involved in neuromuscular diseases such as inclusion body myositis, a late-onset acquired inflammatory myopathy. TDP-43 solubility and function are disrupted in certain viral infections. Certain viruses, high viremia, co-infections, reactivation of latent viruses, and post-acute expansion of cytotoxic T cells may all contribute to inclusion body myositis, mainly in an age-shaped immune landscape. The virally induced senescent, interferon gamma-producing cytotoxic CD8+ T cells with increased inflammatory, and cytotoxic features are involved in the occurrence of inclusion body myositis in most such cases, in a genetically predisposed host. We discuss the putative mechanisms linking inclusion body myositis, TDP-43, and viral infections untangling the links between viruses, interferon, and neuromuscular degeneration could shed a light on the pathogenesis of the inclusion body myositis and other TDP-43-related neuromuscular diseases, with possible therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalie Văcăraş
- Department of Neurosciences, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, 43, Victor Babeş St, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Neurology Department of Cluj, County Emergency Hospital, 3-5, Clinicilor St, 400347, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romana Vulturar
- Department of Molecular Sciences, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 6, Pasteur St, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University Babeş-Bolyai, 30, Fântânele St, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Association for Innovation in Rare Inflammatory, Metabolic, Genetic Diseases INNOROG, 30E, Făgetului St, 400497, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adina Chiş
- Department of Molecular Sciences, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 6, Pasteur St, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University Babeş-Bolyai, 30, Fântânele St, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Association for Innovation in Rare Inflammatory, Metabolic, Genetic Diseases INNOROG, 30E, Făgetului St, 400497, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Laura Damian
- Association for Innovation in Rare Inflammatory, Metabolic, Genetic Diseases INNOROG, 30E, Făgetului St, 400497, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases, Emergency, Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 2-4, Clinicilor St, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- CMI Reumatologie Dr. Damian, 6-8, Petru Maior St, 400002, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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3
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OBrien SJ. Legacy of a magic gene- CCR5-∆32: From discovery to clinical benefit in a generation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321907121. [PMID: 38457490 PMCID: PMC10962972 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321907121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the 32-bp deletion allele of the chemokine receptor gene CCR5 showed that homozygous carriers display near-complete resistance to HIV infection, irrespective of exposure. Algorithms of molecular evolutionary theory suggested that the CCR5-∆32 mutation occurred but once in the last millennium and rose by strong selective pressure relatively recently to a ~10% allele frequency in Europeans. Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that CCR5-∆32 was selected due to its protective influence to resist Yersinia pestis, the agent of the Black Death/bubonic plague of the 14th century. Powerful anti-AIDS entry inhibitors targeting CCR5 were developed as a treatment for HIV patients, particularly those whose systems had developed resistance to powerful anti-retroviral therapies. Homozygous CCR5-∆32/∆32 stem cell transplant donors were used to produce HIV-cleared AIDS patients in at least five "cures" of HIV infection. CCR5 has also been implicated in regulating infection with Staphylococcus aureus, in recovery from stroke, and in ablation of the fatal graft versus host disease (GVHD) in cancer transplant patients. While homozygous CCR5-∆32/32 carriers block HIV infection, alternatively they display an increased risk for encephalomyelitis and death when infected with the West Nile virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. OBrien
- Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL33004
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN47405
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4
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Beschorner N, Künzle P, Voges M, Hauber I, Indenbirken D, Nakel J, Virdi S, Bradtke P, Lory NC, Rothe M, Paszkowski-Rogacz M, Buchholz F, Grundhoff A, Schambach A, Thirion C, Mittrücker HW, Schulze zur Wiesch J, Hauber J, Chemnitz J. Preclinical toxicity analyses of lentiviral vectors expressing the HIV-1 LTR-specific designer-recombinase Brec1. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298542. [PMID: 38457474 PMCID: PMC10923487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug-based antiretroviral therapies (ART) efficiently suppress HIV replication in humans, but the virus persists as integrated proviral reservoirs in small numbers of cells. Importantly, ART cannot eliminate HIV from an infected individual, since it does not target the integrated provirus. Therefore, genome editing-based strategies that can inactivate or excise HIV genomes would provide the technology for novel curative therapies. In fact, the HIV-1 LTR-specific designer-recombinase Brec1 has been shown to remove integrated proviruses from infected cells and is highly efficacious on clinical HIV-1 isolates in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that Brec1 has the potential for clinical development of advanced HIV-1 eradication strategies in people living with HIV. In line with the preparation of a first-in-human advanced therapy medicinal product gene therapy trial, we here present an extensive preclinical evaluation of Brec1 and lentiviral vectors expressing the Brec1 transgene. This included detailed functional analysis of potential genomic off-target sites, assessing vector safety by investigating vector copy number (VCN) and the risk for potential vector-related insertional mutagenesis, as well as analyzing the potential of Brec1 to trigger an undesired strong T cell immune response. In conclusion, the antiviral designer-recombinase Brec1 is shown to lack any detectable cytopathic, genotoxic or T cell-related immunogenic effects, thereby meeting an important precondition for clinical application of the therapeutic lentiviral vector LV-Brec1 in novel HIV-1 curative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Beschorner
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg–Lübeck–Borstel–Riems, Germany
- PROVIREX Genome Editing Therapies GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Künzle
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg–Lübeck–Borstel–Riems, Germany
| | - Maike Voges
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- PROVIREX Genome Editing Therapies GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilona Hauber
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- PROVIREX Genome Editing Therapies GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Indenbirken
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg–Lübeck–Borstel–Riems, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Nakel
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg–Lübeck–Borstel–Riems, Germany
| | - Sanamjeet Virdi
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg–Lübeck–Borstel–Riems, Germany
| | - Peter Bradtke
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niels Christian Lory
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rothe
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Frank Buchholz
- PROVIREX Genome Editing Therapies GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
- Medical Systems Biology, UCC, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Adam Grundhoff
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg–Lübeck–Borstel–Riems, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze zur Wiesch
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg–Lübeck–Borstel–Riems, Germany
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Hauber
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg–Lübeck–Borstel–Riems, Germany
- PROVIREX Genome Editing Therapies GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Chemnitz
- Leibniz-Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg–Lübeck–Borstel–Riems, Germany
- PROVIREX Genome Editing Therapies GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
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Schauren JDS, de Oliveira AH, Consiglio CR, Monticielo OA, Xavier RM, Nunes NS, Ellwanger JH, Chies JAB. CCR5 promoter region polymorphisms in systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Immunogenet 2024; 51:20-31. [PMID: 37984413 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impacts of CCR5 promoter region polymorphisms on the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by comparing CCR5 genotypes and haplotypes from SLE patients with ethnically matched controls. A total of 382 SLE patients (289 European-derived and 93 African-derived) and 375 controls (243 European-derived and 132 African-derived) were genotyped for the CCR2-64I G > A (rs1799864), CCR5-59353 C > T (rs1799988), CCR5-59356 C > T (rs41469351), CCR5-59402 A > G (rs1800023) and CCR5-59653 C > T (rs1800024) polymorphisms through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing. Previous data from CCR5Δ32 analysis was included in the study to infer the CCR5 haplotypes and as a possible confounding factor in the binary logistic regression. European-derived patients showed a higher frequency of CCR5 wild-type genotype (conversely, a reduced frequency of Δ32 allele) and a reduced frequency of the HHG*2 haplotype compared to controls; both factors significantly affecting disease risk [p = .003 (OR 3.5, 95%CI 1.6-7.5) and 2.0% vs. 7.2% (residual p = 2.9E - 5), respectively]. Additionally, the HHA/HHB, HHC and HHG*2 haplotype frequencies differed between African-derived patients and controls [10% vs. 20.5% (residual p = .003), 29.4% vs. 17.4% (residual p = .003) and 3.9% vs. 0.8% (residual p = .023), respectively]. Considering the clinical manifestations of the disease, the CCR5Δ32 presence was confirmed as a susceptibility factor to class IV nephritis in the African-derived group and when all patients were grouped for comparison [pcorrected = .012 (OR 3.0; 95%CI 3.0-333.3) and pcorrected = .0006 (OR 6.8; 95%CI 1.9-24.8), respectively]. In conclusion, this study indicates that CCR5 promoter polymorphisms are important disease modifiers in SLE. Present data reinforces the CCR5Δ32 polymorphism as a protective factor for the development of the disease in European-derived patients and as a susceptibility factor for class IV nephritis in African-derived patients. Furthermore, we also described a reduced frequency of HHA/HHB and an increased frequency of HHC and HHG*2 haplotypes in African-derived patients, which could modify the CCR5 protein expression in specific cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana da Silveira Schauren
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Amanda Henrique de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Camila Rosat Consiglio
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Odirlei André Monticielo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Machado Xavier
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natália Schneider Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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6
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Duggan NN, Dragic T, Chanda SK, Pache L. Breaking the Silence: Regulation of HIV Transcription and Latency on the Road to a Cure. Viruses 2023; 15:2435. [PMID: 38140676 PMCID: PMC10747579 DOI: 10.3390/v15122435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has brought the HIV/AIDS epidemic under control, but a curative strategy for viral eradication is still needed. The cessation of ART results in rapid viral rebound from latently infected CD4+ T cells, showing that control of viral replication alone does not fully restore immune function, nor does it eradicate viral reservoirs. With a better understanding of factors and mechanisms that promote viral latency, current approaches are primarily focused on the permanent silencing of latently infected cells ("block and lock") or reactivating HIV-1 gene expression in latently infected cells, in combination with immune restoration strategies to eliminate HIV infected cells from the host ("shock and kill"). In this review, we provide a summary of the current, most promising approaches for HIV-1 cure strategies, including an analysis of both latency-promoting agents (LPA) and latency-reversing agents (LRA) that have shown promise in vitro, ex vivo, and in human clinical trials to reduce the HIV-1 reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha N. Duggan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tatjana Dragic
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sumit K. Chanda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lars Pache
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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7
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Peng Y, Zong Y, Wang D, Chen J, Chen ZS, Peng F, Liu Z. Current drugs for HIV-1: from challenges to potential in HIV/AIDS. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1294966. [PMID: 37954841 PMCID: PMC10637376 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1294966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) persists in latently infected CD4+T cells and integrates with the host genome until cell death. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with HIV-1. Possibly, treating HIV/AIDS is an essential but challenging clinical goal. This review provides a detailed account of the types and mechanisms of monotherapy and combination therapy against HIV-1 and describes nanoparticle and hydrogel delivery systems. In particular, the recently developed capsid inhibitor (Lenacapavir) and the Ainuovirine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/lamivudine combination (ACC008) are described. It is interestingly to note that the lack of the multipass transmembrane proteins serine incorporator 3 (SERINC3) and the multipass transmembrane proteins serine incorporator 5 (SERINC5) may be one of the reasons for the enhanced infectivity of HIV-1. This discovery of SERINC3 and SERINC5 provides new ideas for HIV-1 medication development. Therefore, we believe that in treating AIDS, antiviral medications should be rationally selected for pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis to avoid the emergence of drug resistance. Attention should be paid to the research and development of new drugs to predict HIV mutations as accurately as possible and to develop immune antibodies to provide multiple guarantees for the cure of AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Peng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yanjun Zong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Dongfeng Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Junbing Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fujun Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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8
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Darsaraee M, Kaveh S, Mani-Varnosfaderani A, Neiband MS. General structure-activity/selectivity relationship patterns for the inhibitors of the chemokine receptors (CCR1/CCR2/CCR4/CCR5) with application for virtual screening of PubChem database. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37599469 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2248255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
CC chemokine receptors (CCRs) form a crucial subfamily of G protein-linked receptors that play a distinct role in the onset and progression of various life-threatening diseases. The main aim of this research is to derive general structure-activity relationship (SAR) patterns to describe the selectivity and activity of CCR inhibitors. To this end, a total of 7332 molecules related to the inhibition of CCR1, CCR2, CCR4, and CCR5 were collected from the Binding Database and analyzed using machine learning techniques. A diverse set of 450 molecular descriptors was calculated for each molecule, and the molecules were classified based on their therapeutic targets and activities. The variable importance in the projection (VIP) approach was used to select discriminatory molecular features, and classification models were developed using supervised Kohonen networks (SKN) and counter-propagation artificial neural networks (CPANN). The reliability and predictability of the models were estimated using 10-fold cross-validation, an external validation set, and an applicability domain approach. We were able to identify different sets of molecular descriptors for discriminating between active and inactive molecules and model the selectivity of inhibitors towards different CCRs. The sensitivities of the predictions for the external test set for the SKN models ranged from 0.827-0.873. Finally, the developed classification models were used to screen approximately 2 million random molecules from the PubChem database, with average values for areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves ranging from 0.78-0.96 for SKN models and 0.75-0.89 for CPANN models.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Darsaraee
- Chemometrics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Kaveh
- Chemometrics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Mani-Varnosfaderani
- Chemometrics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M S Neiband
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
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Norasi E, Rastegar M, Hosseini SD, Aghcheli B, Tahamtan A. Prevalence of CCR5 Delta 32 Genetic Variant in the Turkmen Population of Golestan Province, Northeast of Iran. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:8823863. [PMID: 37388364 PMCID: PMC10307026 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8823863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The 32 bp deletion in the chemokine receptor (C-C motif) 5 gene (CCR5Δ32) is a natural loss of function polymorphism that prevents the protein from locating on the cell surface. This genetic variation acts as a double-edge sword in the pathogenesis/defense mechanism of different health conditions, such as viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. Here, we evaluated the prevalence of the CCR5Δ32 polymorphism in the Turkmen population of Golestan province, northeast of Iran. Blood samples were collected from 400 randomly selected Turkmen populations (199 women and 201 men), and genomic DNA was extracted. Characterization of CCR5Δ32 genotypes was performed by PCR using primers flanking the 32-nucleotide deletion in the CCR5 gene. The amplified DNA fragments were visualized on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis with cybergreen staining under UV light. All individuals were of Turkmen ethnicity and lived in the Golestan province, northeast of Iran. The mean age of all participants was 35.46 years, with a 20-45 year range. All the studied subjects were healthy without any severe conditions such as autoimmune disease and viral infections. All individuals had no history of HIV infection. The PCR product visualization showed that all the samples are at the 330 bp size, which means the CCR5Δ32 allele was utterly absent from the study population. The presence of the CCR5Δ32 allele among Turkmens may be attributed to the admixture with European descent people. We conclude that the CCR5Δ32 polymorphism may be absent in the Iranian Turkmen population, and further studies with a large population are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Norasi
- School of International, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rastegar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Bahman Aghcheli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Tahamtan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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10
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Ellwanger JH, Kulmann-Leal B, Ziliotto M, Chies JAB. HIV Infection, Chromosome Instability, and Micronucleus Formation. Viruses 2023; 15:155. [PMID: 36680195 PMCID: PMC9867034 DOI: 10.3390/v15010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome integrity is critical for proper cell functioning, and chromosome instability can lead to age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Chromosome instability is caused by multiple factors, including replication stress, chromosome missegregation, exposure to pollutants, and viral infections. Although many studies have investigated the effects of environmental or lifestyle genotoxins on chromosomal integrity, information on the effects of viral infections on micronucleus formation and other chromosomal aberrations is still limited. Currently, HIV infection is considered a chronic disease treatable by antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, HIV-infected individuals still face important health problems, such as chronic inflammation and age-related diseases. In this context, this article reviews studies that have evaluated genomic instability using micronucleus assays in the context of HIV infection. In brief, HIV can induce chromosome instability directly through the interaction of HIV proteins with host DNA and indirectly through chronic inflammation or as a result of ART use. Connections between HIV infection, immunosenescence and age-related disease are discussed in this article. The monitoring of HIV-infected individuals should consider the increased risk of chromosome instability, and lifestyle interventions, such as reduced exposure to genotoxins and an antioxidant-rich diet, should be considered. Therapies to reduce chronic inflammation in HIV infection are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
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11
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Hillman T. A Predictive Model for Identifying the Most Effective Anti-CCR5 Monoclonal Antibody. ARCHIVES OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.51847/d9m2zufqr4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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12
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Tuncel B, Kaygusuz S, Sayın Kocakap DB, Aksoy E, Azkur AK. Do CCR5 (CCR5Δ32) and TLR3 (RS5743313) gene polymorphisms prevent chronic hepatitis B infection? J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28376. [PMID: 36478230 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still a significant health problem in human. HBV severity or sensitivity of patients may be based on the individual genetic factors significantly. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of CCR5 (CCR5Δ32), TLR3 (rs5743313) functional gene polymorphisms, interferon-gamma (IFN-ɣ) level in HBV infection, which are thought to play an important role in innate and acquired immunity in patients who have undergone HBV seroconversion and those who have chronic hepatitis B disease and receive treatment. One hundred patients who are became naturally immune against HBV infection (HBsAg negative, anti-HBc IgG, and anti-HBs IgG positive), and 100 patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (>6 months HBsAg positive) who are receiving oral antiviral therapy were compared for CCR5Δ32, TLR3 (rs5743313) genotypes and serum IFN-ɣ level. It was found that CCR5Δ32 polymorphism (Wt/Δ32 and Δ32/Δ32) was significantly higher in the chronic hepatitis B group (p = 0.048) but not for TLR3 gene polymorphism. However, serum IFN-ɣ level was significantly higher in the HBV seroconversion group (75 ± 89 ng/ml) than in the chronic hepatitis B group (4.35 ± 17.27 ng/ml) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, a higher CCR5Δ32 allele frequency in patients with chronic hepatitis B might be considered as a marker of progression to chronic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burçin Tuncel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
| | - Sedat Kaygusuz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
| | | | - Emel Aksoy
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Kürşat Azkur
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
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13
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Gupta K, Kaur G, Pathak T, Banerjee I. Systematic review and meta-analysis of human genetic variants contributing to COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Gene 2022; 844:146790. [PMID: 35987511 PMCID: PMC9384365 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has spawned global health crisis of unprecedented magnitude, claiming millions of lives and pushing healthcare systems in many countries to the brink. Among several factors that contribute to an increased risk of COVID-19 and progression to exacerbated manifestations, host genetic landscape is increasingly being recognized as a critical determinant of susceptibility/resistance to infection and a prognosticator of clinical outcomes in infected individuals. Recently, several case-control association studies investigated the influence of human gene variants on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity to identify the culpable mutations. However, a comprehensive synthesis of the recent advances in COVID-19 host genetics research was lacking, and the inconsistent findings of the association studies required reliable evaluation of the strength of association with greater statistical power. In this study, we embarked on a systematic search of all possible reports of genetic association with COVID-19 till April 07, 2022, and performed meta-analyses of all the genetic polymorphisms that were examined in at least three studies. After identifying a total of 84 studies that investigated the association of 130 polymorphisms in 61 genes, we performed meta-analyses of all the eligible studies. Seven genetic polymorphisms involving 15,550 cases and 444,007 controls were explored for association with COVID-19 susceptibility, of which, ACE1 I/D rs4646994/rs1799752, APOE rs429358, CCR5 rs333, and IFITM3 rs12252 showed increased risk of infection. Meta-analyses of 11 gene variants involving 6702 patients with severe COVID-19 and 8640 infected individuals with non-severe manifestations revealed statistically significant association of ACE2 rs2285666, ACE2 rs2106809, ACE2 rs2074192, AGTR1 rs5186, and TNFA rs1800629 with COVID-19 severity. Overall, our study presents a synthesis of evidence on all the genetic determinants implicated in COVID-19 to date, and provides evidence of correlation between the above polymorphisms with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Indranil Banerjee
- Cellular Virology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali (IISER Mohali), Sector 81, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali 140306, India.
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14
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Ellwanger JH, Secchi M, Aliberti J, Vangelista L. Editorial: CCR5: A receptor at the center stage in infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1054430. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1054430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Schmidt JK, Reynolds MR, Golos TG, Slukvin II. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to create nonhuman primate models for studying stem cell therapies for HIV infection. Retrovirology 2022; 19:17. [PMID: 35948929 PMCID: PMC9363854 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-022-00604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are well-established basic and translational research models for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and pathophysiology, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, and assisted reproductive technologies. Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technologies present opportunities to refine NHP HIV models for investigating genetic factors that affect HIV replication and designing cellular therapies that exploit genetic barriers to HIV infections, including engineering mutations into CCR5 and conferring resistance to HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections. In this report, we provide an overview of recent advances and challenges in gene editing NHP embryos and discuss the value of genetically engineered animal models for developing novel stem cell-based therapies for curing HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Kropp Schmidt
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matthew R Reynolds
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Igor I Slukvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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16
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Closing the Door with CRISPR: Genome Editing of CCR5 and CXCR4 as a Potential Curative Solution for HIV. BIOTECH 2022; 11:biotech11030025. [PMID: 35892930 PMCID: PMC9326690 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can be controlled by anti-retroviral therapy. Suppressing viral replication relies on life-long medication, but anti-retroviral therapy is not without risks to the patient. Therefore, it is important that permanent cures for HIV infection are developed. Three patients have been described to be completely cured from HIV infection in recent years. In all cases, patients received a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation due to a hematological malignancy. The HSCs were sourced from autologous donors that expressed a homozygous mutation in the CCR5 gene. This mutation results in a non-functional receptor, and confers resistance to CCR5-tropic HIV strains that rely on CCR5 to enter host cells. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) system is one of the methods of choice for gene editing, and the CRISPR/Cas system has been employed to target loci of interest in the context of HIV. Here, the current literature regarding CRISPR-mediated genome editing to render cells resistant to HIV (re)-infection by knocking out the co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 is summarized, and an outlook is provided regarding future (research) directions.
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17
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van Eekeren LE, Matzaraki V, Zhang Z, van de Wijer L, Blaauw MJT, de Jonge MI, Vandekerckhove L, Trypsteen W, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, de Mast Q, Koenen HJPM, Li Y, van der Ven AJAM. People with HIV have higher percentages of circulating CCR5+ CD8+ T cells and lower percentages of CCR5+ regulatory T cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11425. [PMID: 35794176 PMCID: PMC9259737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR5 is the main HIV co-receptor. We aimed to (1) compare CCR5 expression on immune cells between people living with HIV (PLHIV) using combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and HIV-uninfected controls, (2) relate CCR5 expression to viral reservoir size and (3) assess determinants of CCR5 expression. This cross-sectional study included 209 PLHIV and 323 controls. Percentages of CCR5+ cells (%) and CCR5 mean fluorescence intensity assessed by flow cytometry in monocytes and lymphocyte subsets were correlated to host factors, HIV-1 cell-associated (CA)-RNA and CA-DNA, plasma inflammation markers and metabolites. Metabolic pathways were identified. PLHIV displayed higher percentages of CCR5+ monocytes and several CD8+ T cell subsets, but lower percentages of CCR5+ naive CD4+ T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). HIV-1 CA-DNA and CA-RNA correlated positively with percentages of CCR5+ lymphocytes. Metabolome analysis revealed three pathways involved in energy metabolism associated with percentage of CCR5+ CD8+ T cells in PLHIV. Our results indicate that CCR5 is differently expressed on various circulating immune cells in PLHIV. Hence, cell-trafficking of CD8+ T cells and Tregs may be altered in PLHIV. Associations between energy pathways and percentage of CCR5+ CD8+ T cells in PLHIV suggest higher energy demand of these cells in PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E van Eekeren
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Vasiliki Matzaraki
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa van de Wijer
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc J T Blaauw
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics, Ghent University & Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Trypsteen
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics, Ghent University & Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) & TWINCORE, Joint Ventures Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - André J A M van der Ven
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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18
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Jasinska AJ, Pandrea I, Apetrei C. CCR5 as a Coreceptor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses: A Prototypic Love-Hate Affair. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835994. [PMID: 35154162 PMCID: PMC8829453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR5, a chemokine receptor central for orchestrating lymphocyte/cell migration to the sites of inflammation and to the immunosurveillance, is involved in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of health conditions, including inflammatory diseases, viral infections, cancers and autoimmune diseases. CCR5 is also the primary coreceptor for the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs), supporting its entry into CD4+ T lymphocytes upon transmission and in the early stages of infection in humans. A natural loss-of-function mutation CCR5-Δ32, preventing the mutated protein expression on the cell surface, renders homozygous carriers of the null allele resistant to HIV-1 infection. This phenomenon was leveraged in the development of therapies and cure strategies for AIDS. Meanwhile, over 40 African nonhuman primate species are long-term hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), an ancestral family of viruses that give rise to the pandemic CCR5 (R5)-tropic HIV-1. Many natural hosts typically do not progress to immunodeficiency upon the SIV infection. They have developed various strategies to minimize the SIV-related pathogenesis and disease progression, including an array of mechanisms employing modulation of the CCR5 receptor activity: (i) deletion mutations abrogating the CCR5 surface expression and conferring resistance to infection in null homozygotes; (ii) downregulation of CCR5 expression on CD4+ T cells, particularly memory cells and cells at the mucosal sites, preventing SIV from infecting and killing cells important for the maintenance of immune homeostasis, (iii) delayed onset of CCR5 expression on the CD4+ T cells during ontogenetic development that protects the offspring from vertical transmission of the virus. These host adaptations, aimed at lowering the availability of target CCR5+ CD4+ T cells through CCR5 downregulation, were countered by SIV, which evolved to alter the entry coreceptor usage toward infecting different CD4+ T-cell subpopulations that support viral replication yet without disruption of host immune homeostasis. These natural strategies against SIV/HIV-1 infection, involving control of CCR5 function, inspired therapeutic approaches against HIV-1 disease, employing CCR5 coreceptor blocking as well as gene editing and silencing of CCR5. Given the pleiotropic role of CCR5 in health beyond immune disease, the precision as well as costs and benefits of such interventions needs to be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J. Jasinska
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Eye on Primates, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ivona Pandrea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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19
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Kulmann-Leal B, Ellwanger JH, Chies JAB. CCR5Δ32 in Brazil: Impacts of a European Genetic Variant on a Highly Admixed Population. Front Immunol 2021; 12:758358. [PMID: 34956188 PMCID: PMC8703165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.758358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic background of Brazilians encompasses Amerindian, African, and European components as a result of the colonization of an already Amerindian inhabited region by Europeans, associated to a massive influx of Africans. Other migratory flows introduced into the Brazilian population genetic components from Asia and the Middle East. Currently, Brazil has a highly admixed population and, therefore, the study of genetic factors in the context of health or disease in Brazil is a challenging and remarkably interesting subject. This phenomenon is exemplified by the genetic variant CCR5Δ32, a 32 base-pair deletion in the CCR5 gene. CCR5Δ32 originated in Europe, but the time of origin as well as the selective pressures that allowed the maintenance of this variant and the establishment of its current frequencies in the different human populations is still a field of debates. Due to its origin, the CCR5Δ32 allele frequency is high in European-derived populations (~10%) and low in Asian and African native human populations. In Brazil, the CCR5Δ32 allele frequency is intermediate (4-6%) and varies on the Brazilian States, depending on the migratory history of each region. CCR5 is a protein that regulates the activity of several immune cells, also acting as the main HIV-1 co-receptor. The CCR5 expression is influenced by CCR5Δ32 genotypes. No CCR5 expression is observed in CCR5Δ32 homozygous individuals. Thus, the CCR5Δ32 has particular effects on different diseases. At the population level, the effect that CCR5Δ32 has on European populations may be different than that observed in highly admixed populations. Besides less evident due to its low frequency in admixed groups, the effect of the CCR5Δ32 variant may be affected by other genetic traits. Understanding the effects of CCR5Δ32 on Brazilians is essential to predict the potential use of pharmacological CCR5 modulators in Brazil. Therefore, this study reviews the impacts of the CCR5Δ32 on the Brazilian population, considering infectious diseases, inflammatory conditions, and cancer. Finally, this article provides a general discussion concerning the impacts of a European-derived variant, the CCR5Δ32, on a highly admixed population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM), Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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20
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Fischer JC, Schmidt AG, Bölke E, Uhrberg M, Keitel V, Feldt T, Jensen B, Häussinger D, Adams O, Schneider EM, Balz V, Enczmann J, Rox J, Hermsen D, Schulze-Bosse K, Kindgen-Milles D, Knoefel WT, van Griensven M, Haussmann J, Tamaskovics B, Plettenberg C, Scheckenbach K, Corradini S, Pedoto A, Maas K, Schmidt L, Grebe O, Esposito I, Ehrhardt A, Peiper M, Buhren BA, Calles C, Stöhr A, Lichtenberg A, Freise NF, Lutterbeck M, Rezazadeh A, Budach W, Matuschek C. Association of HLA genotypes, AB0 blood type and chemokine receptor 5 mutant CD195 with the clinical course of COVID-19. Eur J Med Res 2021; 26:107. [PMID: 34530915 PMCID: PMC8444184 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-021-00560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19, the pandemic disease caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, may take highly variable clinical courses, ranging from symptom-free and pauci-symptomatic to fatal disease. The goal of the current study was to assess the association of COVID-19 clinical courses controlled by patients' adaptive immune responses without progression to severe disease with patients' Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genetics, AB0 blood group antigens, and the presence or absence of near-loss-of-function delta 32 deletion mutant of the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5). PATIENT AND METHODS An exploratory observational study including 157 adult COVID-19 convalescent patients was performed with a median follow-up of 250 days. The impact of different HLA genotypes, AB0 blood group antigens, and the CCR5 mutant CD195 were investigated for their role in the clinical course of COVID-19. In addition, this study addressed levels of severity and morbidity of COVID-19. The association of the immunogenetic background parameters were further related to patients' humoral antiviral immune response patterns by longitudinal observation. RESULTS Univariate HLA analyses identified putatively protective HLA alleles (HLA class II DRB1*01:01 and HLA class I B*35:01, with a trend for DRB1*03:01). They were associated with reduced durations of disease instead decreased (rather than increased) total anti-S IgG levels. They had a higher virus neutralizing capacity compared to non-carriers. Conversely, analyses also identified HLA alleles (HLA class II DQB1*03:02 und HLA class I B*15:01) not associated with such benefit in the patient cohort of this study. Hierarchical testing by Cox regression analyses confirmed the significance of the protective effect of the HLA alleles identified (when assessed in composite) in terms of disease duration, whereas AB0 blood group antigen heterozygosity was found to be significantly associated with disease severity (rather than duration) in our cohort. A suggestive association of a heterozygous CCR5 delta 32 mutation status with prolonged disease duration was implied by univariate analyses but could not be confirmed by hierarchical multivariate testing. CONCLUSION The current study shows that the presence of HLA class II DRB1*01:01 and HLA class I B*35:01 is of even stronger association with reduced disease duration in mild and moderate COVID-19 than age or any other potential risk factor assessed. Prospective studies in larger patient populations also including novel SARS-CoV-2 variants will be required to assess the impact of HLA genetics on the capacity of mounting protective vaccination responses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C Fischer
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Albrecht G Schmidt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Edwin Bölke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany.
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Verena Keitel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Torsten Feldt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn Jensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Ortwin Adams
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - E Marion Schneider
- Division of Experimental Anesthesiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vera Balz
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Enczmann
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Jutta Rox
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Derik Hermsen
- Central Institute for Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin Schulze-Bosse
- Central Institute for Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Detlef Kindgen-Milles
- Medical Faculty, Department of Anesthesiology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfram Trudo Knoefel
- Medical Faculty, Department of Surgery and Interdisciplinary Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Department cBITE, Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Haussmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Balint Tamaskovics
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Plettenberg
- Medical Faculty, Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Disease, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Kathrin Scheckenbach
- Medical Faculty, Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Disease, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Corradini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessia Pedoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kitti Maas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Livia Schmidt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Olaf Grebe
- Department of Cardiology and Rhythmology, Petrus Hospital, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Institute of Virology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Matthias Peiper
- Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Bettina Alexandra Buhren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Calles
- Medical Faculty, Coordination Center for Clinical Studies, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Stöhr
- Medical Faculty, Coordination Center for Clinical Studies, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Noemi F Freise
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Lutterbeck
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Amir Rezazadeh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilfried Budach
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Christiane Matuschek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany
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21
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Horn S, Borrero-Wolff D, Ritter M, Arndts K, Wiszniewsky A, Debrah LB, Debrah AY, Osei-Mensah J, Chachage M, Hoerauf A, Kroidl I, Layland LE. Distinct Immune Profiles of Exhausted Effector and Memory CD8 + T Cells in Individuals With Filarial Lymphedema. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:680832. [PMID: 34485170 PMCID: PMC8415778 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.680832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are crucial for the clearance of viral infections, and current research begins to highlight their importance in parasitic diseases too. In-depth research about characteristics of CD8+ T-cell subsets and exhaustion remains uncertain, especially during filariasis, a chronic helminth infection. Lymphatic filariasis, elicited by Wuchereria bancrofti, remains a serious health problem in endemic areas in Ghana, especially in those suffering from morbidity due to lymphedema (LE). In this observational study, the characteristics and profiles of CD8+ T cells were compared between asymptomatic Wuchereria bancrofti-infected individuals, uninfected endemic normals, and those with LE (grades 2–6). Focusing on exhausted memory (CD8+exmem: CD8+ T-betdimEomeshi) and effector (CD8+exeff: CD8+T-bethiEomesdim) CD8+ T-cell subsets, advanced flow cytometry revealed that LE individuals presented reduced frequencies of IFN-γ+CD8+exmem T cells expressing Tim-3 or LAG-3 which negatively correlated to the presence of LE. Moreover, the LE cohort further showed significantly higher frequencies of IL-10+CD8+exeff T cells expressing either Tim-3, LAG-3, CD39, KLRG-1, or PD-1, all associated markers of exhaustion, and that these frequencies positively correlated with the presence of LE. In summary, this study shows that distinct exhausted CD8+ T-cell subsets are prominent in individuals suffering from LE, suggesting that enhanced inflammation and constant immune activation might drive exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. Since T-cell exhaustion is known to be associated with insufficient control of persisting antigen, the data presented here reveals that these CD8+ T-cell exhaustion patterns in filarial LE should be taken into consideration for prevention and control management of LE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Horn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis Borrero-Wolff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Arndts
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Wiszniewsky
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Linda Batsa Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Filariasis Unit, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Sciences and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Kumasi, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander Y Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Filariasis Unit, Kumasi, Ghana.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Kumasi, Kumasi, Ghana.,Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Sciences and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jubin Osei-Mensah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Filariasis Unit, Kumasi, Ghana.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Kumasi, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mkunde Chachage
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany.,National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Center (MMRC), Department of Immunology, Mbeya, Tanzania.,University of Dar es Salaam-Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences (UDSM-MCHAS), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Neglected Tropical Disease, partner site, Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Inge Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Neglected Tropical Disease, partner site, Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura E Layland
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Neglected Tropical Disease, partner site, Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
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22
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Cuesta-Llavona E, Gómez J, Albaiceta GM, Amado-Rodríguez L, García-Clemente M, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez J, López-Alonso I, Hermida T, Enríquez AI, Hernández-González C, Gil-Peña H, Domínguez-Garrido E, Pérez-Oliveira S, Alvarez V, López-Larrea C, Suarez-Alvarez B, Tranche S, Jimeno-Demuth FJ, Coto E. Variant-genetic and transcript-expression analysis showed a role for the chemokine-receptor CCR5 in COVID-19 severity. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107825. [PMID: 34116286 PMCID: PMC8169316 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR5 has been implicated in COVID-19. CCR5 and its ligands are overexpressed in patients. The pharmacological targeting of CCR5 would improve the COVID-19 severity. We sought to investigate the role of the CCR5-Δ32 variant (rs333) in COVID-19. The CCR5-Δ32 was genotyped in 801 patients (353 in the intensive care unit, ICU) and 660 healthy controls, and the deletion was significantly less frequent in hospitalysed COVID-19 than in healthy controls (p = 0.01, OR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.49–0.88). Of note, we did not find homozygotes among the patients, compared to 1% of the controls. The CCR5 transcript was measured in leukocytes from 85 patients and 40 controls. We found a significantly higher expression of the CCR5 transcript among the patients, with significant difference when comparing the non-deletion carriers (controls = 35; patients = 81; p = 0.01). ICU-patients showed non-significantly higher expression than no-ICU cases. Our study points to CCR5 as a genetic marker for COVID-19. The pharmacological targeting of CCR5 should be a promising treatment for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elías Cuesta-Llavona
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Guillermo M Albaiceta
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Amado-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Respiratorias. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta García-Clemente
- Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Gutiérrez-Rodríguez
- Geriatría, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Inés López-Alonso
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Tamara Hermida
- Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana I Enríquez
- Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Helena Gil-Peña
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | - Victoria Alvarez
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Translation Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias-ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Suarez-Alvarez
- Translation Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias-ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Salvador Tranche
- Centro Salud El cristo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Eliecer Coto
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado deAsturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Hubacek JA, Dusek L, Majek O, Adamek V, Cervinkova T, Dlouha D, Pavel J, Adamkova V. CCR5Delta32 deletion as a protective factor in Czech first-wave COVID-19 subjects. Physiol Res 2021; 70:111-115. [PMID: 33728925 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has spread widely around the globe. Significant inter-individual differences have been observed during the course of the infection, which suggests that genetic susceptibility may be a contributing factor. CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), which acts as a co-receptor for the entry of HIV-1 into cells, is promising candidate whose can have an influence on SARS-CoV-2 infection. A genetic mutation known as CCR5Delta32, consisting of a 32-nucleotide deletion, encodes a truncated protein that protects homozygous carriers of the deletion from HIV-1 infection. Similarly, inhibition of CCR5 seems to be protective against COVID-19. In our study, we successfully genotyped 416 first-wave SARS-CoV-2-positive infection survivors (164 asymptomatic and 252 symptomatic) for CCR5?32, comparing them with a population based sample of 2,404 subjects. We found the highest number (P=0.03) of CCR5Delta32 carriers in SARS-CoV-2-positive/COVID-19-asympto-matic subjects (23.8 %) and the lowest number in SARS-CoV-2-positive/COVID-19-symptomatic patients (16.7 %), with frequency in the control population in the middle (21.0 %). We conclude that the CCR5?32 I/D polymorphism may have the potential to predict the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hubacek
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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24
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Ellwanger JH, Cardoso JDC, Chies JAB. Variability in human attractiveness to mosquitoes. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2021; 1:100058. [PMID: 35284885 PMCID: PMC8906108 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Blood-feeding mosquitoes locate humans spatially by detecting a combination of human-derived chemical signals, including carbon dioxide, lactic acid, and other volatile organic compounds. Mosquitoes use these signals to differentiate humans from other animals. Spatial abiotic factors (e.g. humidity, heat) are also used by mosquitoes to find a host. Mosquitoes cause discomfort and harm to humans, being vectors of many pathogens. However, not all humans suffer from mosquito bites with the same frequency or intensity. Some individuals are more attractive to mosquitoes than others, and this has an important impact on the risk of infection by pathogens transmitted by these vectors, such as arboviruses and malaria parasites. Variability in human attractiveness to mosquitoes is partially due to individual characteristics in the composition and intensity in the release of mosquito attractants. The factors that determine these particularities are diverse, modestly understood and still quite controversial. Thus, this review discusses the role of pregnancy, infection with malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.), skin microbiota, diet, and genetics in human attractiveness to mosquitoes. In brief, pregnancy and Plasmodium infection increase the host attractiveness to mosquitoes. Skin microbiota and human genetics (especially HLA alleles) modulate the production of mosquito attractants and therefore influence individual susceptibility to these insects. There is evidence pointing to a role of diet on human susceptibility to mosquitoes, with some dietary components having a bigger influence than others. In the last part of the review, other factors affecting human-mosquito interactions are debated, with a special focus on the role of mosquito genetics, pathogens and environmental factors (e.g. wind, environmental disturbances). This work highlights that individual susceptibility to mosquitoes is composed of interactions of different human-associated components, environmental factors, and mosquito characteristics. Understanding the importance of these factors, and how they interact with each other, is essential for the development of better mosquito control strategies and studies focused on infectious disease dynamics. Individual human attractiveness to mosquitoes is highly variable. Mosquito attractants released into the air vary from person to person. Variation in attractiveness to mosquitoes alters the risk of mosquito-borne infections. Pregnancy, malaria infection, skin microbiota and genetic factors alter the release of mosquito attractants. Environment and mosquito-related factors affect human–mosquito interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular - PPGBM, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jáder da Cruz Cardoso
- Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular - PPGBM, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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25
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Piasecki E. SARS-CoV-2: Remarks on the COVID-19 Pandemic. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2020; 68:35. [PMID: 33185755 PMCID: PMC7662017 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-020-00600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic developing rapidly in 2020 is triggered by the emergence of a new human virus-SARS-CoV-2. The emergence of a new virus is not an unexpected phenomenon and has been predicted for many years. Since the virus has spread all over the world, it will be very difficult or even impossible to eradicate it. A necessary condition for complete or partial elimination of the virus is to have an effective vaccine. It is possible that SARS-CoV-2 will become milder in the next few years and COVID-19 will then only threaten individuals from risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egbert Piasecki
- Laboratory of Virology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.
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26
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High circulating SDF-1and MCP-1 levels and genetic variations in CXCL12, CCL2 and CCR5: Prognostic signature of immune recovery status in treated HIV-positive patients. EBioMedicine 2020; 62:103077. [PMID: 33166788 PMCID: PMC7653063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The underlying mechanisms of incomplete immune reconstitution in treated HIV-positive patients are very complex and may be multifactorial, but perturbation of chemokine secretion could play a key role in CD4+T-cell turnover. Methods We evaluated the circulating baseline and 48-week follow-up concentrations of SDF-1/CXCL12, fractalkine/CX3CL1, MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-α/CCL3, MIP-β/CCL4 and RANTES/CCL5, and we estimated their association with CXCL12, CX3CR1, CCR2, CCL5 and CCR5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to investigate multiple chemokine-chemokine receptor signatures associated with immune dysregulation preceding poor immune recovery. Findings The circulating concentrations and gene expression patterns of SDF-1/CXCL12 (CXCL12 rs1801157) and MCP-1/CCL2 (CCR2 rs1799864_814) were associated with immune recovery status. CCR2 rs1799864_814 and CCR5 rs333_814 (Δ32) determine the baseline plasma RANTES and MIP-α concentrations, respectively, in participants with poor immune response. Interpretation SDF-1/CXCL12 and MCP-1/CCL2 could be considered prognostic markers of immune failure despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy. The strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) between CCR2 rs1799864_814 and CCR5 rs1800024 indicated that the alleles of each gene are inherited together more often than would be expected by chance. Funding This work was supported by Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria and SPANISH AIDS Research Network (ISCIII-FEDER); AGAUR and Gilead Fellowship. FV and YMP are supported by grants from the Programa de Intensificación (ISCIII) and Servicio Andaluz de Salud, respectively. JVG,EY and LR are supported by the 10.13039/501100004587Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). AR is supported by Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya and by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII).
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27
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Mehlotra RK. Chemokine receptor gene polymorphisms and COVID-19: Could knowledge gained from HIV/AIDS be important? INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 85:104512. [PMID: 32858232 PMCID: PMC7448762 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging results indicate that an uncontrolled host immune response, leading to a life-threatening condition called cytokine release syndrome (also termed "cytokine storm"), is the major driver of pathology in severe COVID-19. In this pandemic, considerable effort is being focused on identifying host genomic factors that increase susceptibility or resistance to the complications of COVID-19 and translating these findings to improved patient care. In this regard, the chemokine receptor-ligand nexus has been reported as potentially important in severe COVID-19 disease pathogenesis and its treatment. Valuable genomic insights into the chemokine receptor-ligand nexus have been gained from HIV infection and disease progression studies. Applying that knowledge, together with newly discovered potential host genomic factors associated with COVID-19, may lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Mehlotra
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, #409A, 2109 Adelbert Rd., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA,Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA,Corresponding author at: Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, #409A, 2109 Adelbert Rd., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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28
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Mohan S, Mok S, Judge T. Identification of Novel Therapeutic Molecular Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Using Genetic Databases. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2020; 13:467-473. [PMID: 33116744 PMCID: PMC7585167 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s264812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Utilization of genetic databases to identify genes involved in ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD), and their extra-intestinal manifestations. Methods Protein coding genes involved in ulcerative colitis (3783 genes), Crohn’s disease (3980 genes), uveitis (1043 genes), arthritis (5583 genes), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) (1313 genes), and pyoderma gangrenosum (119 genes) were categorized using four genetic databases. These include Genecards: The Human Gene Database (www.genecards.org), DisGeNET (https://www.disgenet.org/), The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (http://ctdbase.org/) and the Universal Protein Resource (https://www.uniprot.org/). NDex, Network Data Exchange (http://www.ndexbio.org/), was then utilized for mapping a unique signal pathway from the identified shared genes involved in the above disease processes. Results We have detected a unique array of 20 genes with the highest probability of overlay in UC, CD, uveitis, arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and PSC. Figure 1 represents the interactome of these 20 protein coding genes. Of note, unique immune modulators in different disease processes are also noted. Interleukin-25 (IL-25) and monensin-resistant homolog 2 (MON-2) are only noted in UC, CD, pyoderma gangrenosum, and arthritis. Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) is involved in UC, CD, and arthritis. SLCO1B3 is exclusively involved with pyoderma gangrenosum, UC, and CD. As expected, TNF involvement is noted in CD, UC, PSC, and arthritis. Table 1 depicts the detailed result. Conclusion Our work has identified a distinctive set of genes involved in IBD and its associated extra-intestinal disease processes. These genes play crucial roles in mechanisms of immune response, inflammation, and apoptosis and further our understanding of this complex disease process. We postulate that these genes play a critical role at intersecting pathways involved in inflammatory bowel disease, and these novel molecules, their upstream and downstream effectors, are potential targets for future therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Mohan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, St Paul, MN, USA.,Regions Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Paul, MN, USA.,Health Partners Digestive Care Center, St Paul, MN, 55130, USA
| | - Shaffer Mok
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Digestive Health Institute, Westlake, OH 44145, USA
| | - Thomas Judge
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Cooper University Hospital, Mount Laurel, NJ 08054, USA
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