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Brťková H, Růžičková J, Slamová K, Raclavská H, Kucbel M, Šafář M, Gikas P, Juchelková D, Švédová B, Flodrová Š. Plastic particles in urban compost and their grain size distribution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124025. [PMID: 38670428 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Gathering information on plastic particles in composts and the processes they undergo is important in terms of potentially limiting their further entry into the environment, for example, in improving the fertilising properties of soils. Microplastics (MPs) were determined in composts produced from urban greenery. They are present in decreasing order: polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene. The determination of polymers and additives used to improve their properties was performed by pyrolysis and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (Py-GC/MS). Additives and microplastics are most concentrated in composts in the 0.315-0.63 and 0.63-1.25 mm grain size class, together with the carbon contained in the compost dry matter. Additives form 0.11-0.13% of MPs in dry matter of compost. The average concentration of microplastics in the particle size class from 0.63 to 1.25 mm is 2434 ± 224 mg/kg; in the total sample of composts, it is 1368 ± 286 mg/kg of P-MPs. For composts with particle size <2.5 mm, a relationship between the C/N ratio and the plastic particle concentration was statistically significant. It documents a similar behaviour of lignocellulose and plastic particles during the degradation processes. A relationship between the concentration of polymer markers and additives in the compost dry matter and their concentrations in the leachate has been demonstrated. The leachability from compost is higher for additives than for chemical compounds originating from the decomposition of the main components of MPs. The suitability of the use of the compost for agricultural purposes was monitored by the germination index (GI) for watercress. The lowest value of the GI was determined in the particle size class from 0.63 to 1.25 mm. The leachability of polymer markers and additives alone cannot explain the low GI value in this grain size class. The GI value is also influenced by the leachability of chemical compounds characterised by the value of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and water-leachable nitrogen (Nw). A statistically significant dependence between DOC/Nw and the germination index value was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Brťková
- Centre CEET/ENET, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Moravian-Silesian Region, 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Růžičková
- Centre CEET/ENET, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Moravian-Silesian Region, 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Slamová
- Institute of Foreign Languages, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Moravian-Silesian Region, 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Raclavská
- Centre CEET/ENET, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Moravian-Silesian Region, 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kucbel
- Centre CEET/ENET, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Moravian-Silesian Region, 708 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Šafář
- Centre CEET/ENET, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Moravian-Silesian Region, 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petros Gikas
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Kounoupidiana, Akrotiri, 731 00 Chania, Greece
| | - Dagmar Juchelková
- Department of Electronics, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Moravian-Silesian Region, 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Švédová
- Centre CEET/ENET, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Moravian-Silesian Region, 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Flodrová
- Department of Power Engineering, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Moravian-Silesian Region, 708 00, Czech Republic
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Conde Molina D, Di Gregorio V. Enhancing biodegradation of vegetable oil-contaminated soil with soybean texturized waste, spent mushroom substrate, and stabilized poultry litter in microcosm systems. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:237. [PMID: 38853194 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Industrial activities contribute to environmental pollution, particularly through unregulated effluent discharges, causing adverse effects on ecosystems. Vegetable oils, as insoluble substances, exacerbate this pollution, forming impermeable films and affecting the oxygen transfer, leading to serious habitat disruption. Organic wastes, such as soybean texturized waste, spent mushroom substrate, and stabilized poultry litter, were assessed for their efficacy in enhancing the degradation of vegetable oil in contaminated soil. For this purpose, contaminated soil was amended with each of the wastes (10% w/w) using microcosm systems, which were monitored physico-chemically, microbiologically and toxicologically. Results indicate that the wastes promoted significant oil degradation, achieving 83.1, 90.7, and 86.2% removal for soybean texturized waste, spent mushroom substrate, and stabilized poultry litter, respectively, within a 90-day period. Additionally, they positively influenced soil microbial activity, as evidenced by increased levels of culturable microorganisms and hydrolytic microbial activity. While bioassays indicated no phytotoxicity in most cases, soybean texturized waste exhibited inhibitory effects on seed germination and root elongation of Lactuca sativa. This study significantly enhances our comprehension of remediation techniques for sites tainted with vegetable oils, highlighting the critical role of organic waste as eco-friendly agents in soil restoration. Emphasizing the practical implications of these findings is imperative to underscore the relevance and urgency of addressing vegetable oil contamination in soil. Moving forward, tailored strategies considering both contaminant characteristics and soil ecosystem traits are vital for ensuring effective and sustainable soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Conde Molina
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad Regional Delta, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, San Martín 1171, 2804, Campana, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Vanina Di Gregorio
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad Regional Delta, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, San Martín 1171, 2804, Campana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wang Y, Xu P, Wang Y, Su J, Xu Z, Jiang Z, Wei Y, Hang S, Ding X, Zhang H, Zhang L, Liu Y, Li J. Effects of aeration modes and rates on nitrogen conversion and bacterial community in composting of dehydrated sludge and corn straw. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1372568. [PMID: 38533333 PMCID: PMC10963435 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1372568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aeration is an important factor to regulate composting efficiency and nitrogen loss. This study is aimed to compare the effects of different aeration modes (continuous and intermittent) and aeration rate on nitrogen conversion and bacterial community in composting from dehydrated sludge and corn straw. Results showed that the intermittent aeration mode at same aeration volume was superior to the continuous aeration mode in terms of NH3 emission reduction, nitrogen conversion and germination index (GI) improvement. Intermittent aeration mode with 1200 L/h (aeration 5 min, stop 15 min) [K5T15 (V1200)] and 300 L/h of continuous aeration helped to the conservation of nitrogen fractions and accelerate the composting process. However, it was most advantageous to use 150 L/h of continuous aeration to reduce NH3 emission and ensure the effective composting process. The aeration mode K5T15 (V1200) showed the fastest temperature rise, the longer duration of thermophilic stage and the highest GI (95%) in composting. The cumulative NH3 emission of intermittent aeration mode was higher than continuous aeration mode. The cumulative NH3 emission of V300 was 23.1% lower than that of K5T15 (V1200). The dominant phyla in dehydrated sludge and corn straw composting were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The dominant phylum in the thermophilic stage was Firmicutes (49.39%~63.13%), and the dominant genus was Thermobifida (18.62%~30.16%). The relative abundance of Firmicutes was greater in the intermittent aeration mode (63.13%) than that in the continuous aeration mode (57.62%), and Pseudomonas was dominant in composting with lower aeration rate and the lowest NH3 emission. This study suggested that adjustment to the aeration mode and rate could affect core bacteria to reduce the nitrogen loss and accelerate composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - PengXiang Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Suzhou, China
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Su
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhengbo Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sheng Hang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yongdi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ji Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou) of China Agricultural University, Suzhou, China
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Qin X, Wu X, Teng Z, Lou X, Han X, Li Z, Han Y, Zhang F, Li G. Effects of adding biochar on the preservation of nitrogen and passivation of heavy metal during hyperthermophilic composting of sewage sludge. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2023; 73:15-24. [PMID: 35759619 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2022.2095055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthermophilic composting (HTC) is regarded as an effective method for processing sewage sludge. The aim of the study was to investigate effects of using biochar as an amendment on the preservation of nitrogen and passivation of heavy metal during the HTC process of sewage sludge. Results showed that HTC improved the fermentation efficiency and the compost maturity by increases in the temperature and germination index (GI) value, and decreases in the moisture and C/N ratio compared to conventional thermophilic composting. HTC process and the biochar addition resulted in a decrease of the nitrogen loss compared with the control pile during composting by promoting transforming ammonium into nitrite nitrogen. Adding biochar to composting inhibited the transformation of Cu, Zn and Pb into more mobile speciation compared to the control pile although their contents increased during composting, which lead to reduction in availability of heavy metals. Thus, HTC process with the addition of biochar is viable for the reduction of the nitrogen losses and mobility of heavy metal in compost.Implications: The treatment of sewage sludge is imminent due to its threat to general health and ecosystems. This work represents the effects of adding biochar on the preservation of nitrogen and passivation of heavy metal during hyperthermophilic composting of sewage sludge. Our results indicate that the additions of biochar and hyperthermophilic composting engendered the several of positive effects on the preservation of nitrogen and passivation of heavy metal. Thus, HTC process with the addition of biochar is viable for the reduction of the nitrogen losses and mobility of heavy metal in compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosha Wu
- Hebei Haoyuan Environmental Engineering Co.Ltd., Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhinan Teng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Lou
- Tianjin Redsun Water Industry Co., Ltd., Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebin Han
- Hebei Haoyuan Environmental Engineering Co.Ltd., Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaixing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Hebei Haoyuan Environmental Engineering Co.Ltd., Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gong Li
- Tianjin Redsun Water Industry Co., Ltd., Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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5
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The Quantity and Composition of Leachate from Hop Plant Biomass during Composting Process. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Technology that would result in a high-quality product with minimal environmental impact throughout the on-site composting process of hop biomass after harvest has not yet been developed. It is crucial to introduce composting practices that do not result in a detrimental leachate impact. Three different composting procedures that vary in terms of initial biomass particle size, additives, and pile covering were investigated. Each pile was built from 15 t of fresh hop biomass after harvest (leaves and stems), leachate was collected during the composting season (September to the end of April), and biomass was sampled and analyzed to identify good practices as well as gaps that need to be filled. Leachate quantity differed significantly in terms of the composting procedure and time stamps. There was a strong linear correlation between the amount of precipitation and leachate quantity (0.86), NH4 leached amount (0.87), and total N leached amount (0.92), but not the total P amount. The composting procedure had a significant impact on the quantity of the NH4 leached amount. The majority of the NH4 was lost in the second month of composting. The maturation phase was the most critical for NO3 loss since it had the highest amount of leached NO3 and the greatest variances among the composting protocols. Considering leachate it is recommended that a membrane is used at all times during the maturation phase as well as during any heavy precipitation expected in the thermophilic phase. Whether the cover is also needed for the entire duration of the thermophilic phase (due to emission) is a matter of further research.
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Zhou S, Kong F, Lu L, Wang P, Jiang Z. Biochar - An effective additive for improving quality and reducing ecological risk of compost: A global meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151439. [PMID: 34742793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is considered as a promising additive with multi-benefits to compost production. However, how the biochar properties and composting conditions affect the composting process and quality and ecological risk of compost is still unclear. In the present study, we conducted a global meta-analysis based on 876 observations from 84 studies. Overall, regardless of biochar properties and composting conditions, biochar addition could significantly increase the pH (5.90%), germination index (26.6%), contents of nitrate nitrogen (56.6%), total nitrogen (9.50%), and total potassium (10.1%), and degree of polymerization (29.4%) while decrease the electrical conductivity (-5.70%), contents of ammonium nitrogen (-33.7%), bioavailable zinc (-22.9%), and bioavailable copper (-38.6%), and emissions of ammonia (-44.2%), nitrous oxide (-68.4%), and methane (-61.7%). Other compost indicators, including the carbon to nitrogen ratio and total phosphorus content, were found to be insignificantly affected by biochar addition. The responses of tested compost indicators affected by the biochar properties and composting conditions were further explored, based on which the addition of straw biochars at a rate of 10-15% was recommended due to its greater potential to improve quality of compost and reduce its ecological risk. Combining the results of linear regression analysis and structural equation model, the increase in compost pH caused by biochar addition was identified as the key mechanism for the increased nutrient content and decreased heavy metal bioavailability. These results could guide us to choose suitable kinds of biochar or develop engineered biochars with specific functionality to realize an optimal compost production mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxi Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fanlong Kong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lun Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Business School, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zhixiang Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Xie D, Gao M, Yang M, Xu M, Meng J, Wu C, Wang Q, Liu S, Sun X. Composting-a solution of eliminating a nitrite-rich wastewater by reusing it as a moisture conditioning agent. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131365. [PMID: 34225116 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Composting could be applied to dispose various organic solid wastes and liquid wastes. Literature suggested that reusing a nitrogen-rich wastewater as a composting moisture conditioning agent could promote the maturity and nitrogen content of compost. However, it's unclear whether a nitrite-rich wastewater could be eliminated by composting because of the toxicity of nitrite. In this study, a nitrite-rich wastewater (STL, pH = 7.9) was reused as a composting moisture conditioning agent. The influence of STL reusing period (i.e., adding STL from the first day of mesophilic, thermophilic, and cooling period, and the addition lasted for 10 days) on composting performance was also discussed. Results revealed that organic matter decomposition was strongly suppressed by high concentration of free nitrous acid when STL was added in mesophilic period, whereas the organic matter hydrolysis was prompted when STL was added in thermophilic and cooling period. STL addition enhanced nitrification at high temperatures during composting, thus increasing the nitrate content of compost by 2-10 times compared with that of the control group (using tap water as a moisture conditioning agent). Nitrite addition also stimulated nitrous oxide emissions yielded by biotic or chemical processes during STL addition, especially under the transient condition at 50°C-55 °C, and resulted in a 28%-39% increase in greenhouse gas emissions compared with that of the control group. Therefore, the composting could be a solution of eliminating a nitrite-rich wastewater by reusing it as a moisture conditioning agent when nitrous oxide emission issue was properly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xie
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chuanfu Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 10083, China.
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 10083, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 10191, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China
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Ahamad Sanadi NFB, Ibrahim N, Ong PY, Klemeš JJ, Li C, Lee CT. Dilution rate of compost leachate from different biowaste for the fertigation of vegetables. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:113010. [PMID: 34348429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Compost leachate (CL) is often treated as sewage. Limited studies have characterised the use of CL for agriculture application due to the variation of nutrient range, potential pollutants and need for pretreatment before use. This paper reviewed the characteristics of CL in terms of its nutrients and physical characteristics from three types of biowastes, i.e. the organic portion of municipal solid waste (OP-MSW), animal manure and green waste. The nutrient range characterised are used to develop the dilution rate of the CL as fertigation water for three types of vegetables. The dilution rate of CL developed is based on the fertigation standards set by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Malaysia Standards. The results show that all CL contain high organic content and micronutrients, which exceeded the upper limits. For the fertigation of vegetables using the CL, based on the requirement of COD and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr) of the vegetables, the CL from green waste required the lowest dilution rate (8-45 fold), followed by animal waste (33-65 fold) and the OP-MSW (193-1770 fold). The novel dilution range developed is vital to balance the essential nutrients in the CL while avoiding phototoxicity on plant and soil pollution. The dilution strategy developed is essential to support the conversion of CL as an organic liquid fertiliser for agricultural application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norahim Ibrahim
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biosciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Ying Ong
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 84600, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory-SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology- VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Chunjie Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chew Tin Lee
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
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Chen Q, Wang J, Zhang H, Shi H, Liu G, Che J, Liu B. Microbial community and function in nitrogen transformation of ectopic fermentation bed system for pig manure composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124155. [PMID: 33035862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, agricultural wastes were treated by composting in an ectopic fermentation bed system (EFBS) with a continuous nitrogen addition technique. With decreasing of NH4+-N concentration and increasing of NO3--N concentration were observed, and activities of protease, urease and nitrate reductase changed significantly during the fermentation process. To elucidate the key microbes and their function in nitrogen-transforming, microbial diversity and clusters of orthologous groups (COGs) in composting materials were evaluated using metagenomic technology. Comparing with ammonification, the COGs involved in nitrification and denitrification were predominant in the composts. The correlation heatmap revealed that Streptomyces predominant in ammonification was significantly affected by contents of N, NH4+-N and NO3--N. Meanwhile, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) had a positive relationship with moisture. The most abundant genera in denitrification had positive relationships with N and NO3--N. The results indicated that EFBS had functionally diverse microbes and COGs for NH3 removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Chen
- Agricultural Bio-resource Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Jieping Wang
- Agricultural Bio-resource Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China.
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Agricultural Bio-resource Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Huai Shi
- Agricultural Bio-resource Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Guohong Liu
- Agricultural Bio-resource Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Jianmei Che
- Agricultural Bio-resource Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Agricultural Bio-resource Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
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10
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Cui P, Liao H, Bai Y, Li X, Zhao Q, Chen Z, Yu Z, Yi Z, Zhou S. Hyperthermophilic composting reduces nitrogen loss via inhibiting ammonifiers and enhancing nitrogenous humic substance formation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:98-106. [PMID: 31340193 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Composting is an efficient and economic approach used to convert organic waste into organic fertilizers. However, the substantial nitrogen loss during the composting process is one of the major disadvantages of conventional thermophilic composting (cTC). Here, we demonstrated for the first time that hyperthermophilic composting (hTC) was able to mitigate nitrogen loss by 40.9% compared to cTC after 44 days of composting in a full-scale plant. Results demonstrate a decrease in NH3 volatilization (52.4%), together with an inhibitory effect on protease (19.4-87.5%) and urease (9.1-75.2%) enzyme activities and the ammonification rate (5.2-80.1%) for hTC. Additionally, this study found that hTC could accelerate the humification process, thereby enhancing the formation of the recalcitrant nitrogen reservoir (mainly in the form of nitrogenous humic substances) and reducing the substrate for ammonification reactions. These findings suggest that hTC can significantly reduce nitrogen loss and provide insights into the role of humic substances in nitrogen retention in composting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hanpeng Liao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yudan Bai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xi Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhigang Yi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shungui Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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Pizarro MD, Céccoli G, Muñoz FF, Frizzo LS, Daurelio LD, Bouzo CA. Use of raw and composted poultry litter in lettuce produced under field conditions: microbiological quality and safety assessment. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2608-2614. [PMID: 30668789 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) constitutes one the most important vegetable crops worldwide. Poultry litter is being applied as an economically suitable alternative to nitrogen fertilizers in lettuce cultivation. However, little is known about the effects of this practice over this fresh product safety that is usually consumed as a salad. The aim of this work was to determine the microbiological quality and the nitrate content in lettuce produced, under field conditions, using either raw or composted poultry litter, coming from the same original batch. Two experiments were conducted in the experimental field of Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina) to assess the effects of recently extracted poultry litter that consisted of broiler chicken manure plus rice husk, or composted for 12 mo. The application amounts were: 20 T ha-1 (T1); 40 T ha-1 (T2); and no application of manure (T). Increasing the applied quantities had also increased the health risk associated with lettuce consumption, due to higher nitrate levels and microbial contamination. However, these risks were reduced by composting the material. Even when lettuce contamination with faecal bacteria was mainly due to the use of poultry litter, the number and incidence of pathogens were reduced when properly composted manure was applied instead of raw one. Increasing the dose of poultry litter applied also increases the health risk in lettuce. Though, when the material is properly composted, its fertilizing capacity is maintained, giving proper yields with lower nitrate levels and microbial contamination by enterobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Pizarro
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal (LIFiBVe), Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - G Céccoli
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal (LIFiBVe), Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - F F Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal (LIFiBVe), Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - L S Frizzo
- Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-LITORAL), UNL/CONICET
- Department of Public Health, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), UNL
| | - L D Daurelio
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal (LIFiBVe), Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - C A Bouzo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal (LIFiBVe), Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (FCA), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Argentina
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Alavi N, Dehvari M, Alekhamis G, Goudarzi G, Neisi A, Babaei AA. Application of electro-Fenton process for treatment of composting plant leachate: kinetics, operational parameters and modeling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2019; 17:417-431. [PMID: 31297218 PMCID: PMC6582029 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-019-00361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Composting plant leachate is considered as one of the highly polluted wastewaters which is necessary to be treated by simple, economic, fast and environmentally compatible methods. In this study, treatment of fresh composting plant leachate by electro-Fenton (EF) process was investigated. METHODS The effect of various input variables like pH (2-7), DC currents (1.5-3 A), H2O2 concentrations (theoretical ratio H2O2/COD: 0.1-0.6), TDS changes (4-6%), feeding mode, and BOD/COD ratio at the optimal point were studied. The settling characteristics of the waste sludge produced by the treatment (sludge volumes after 30-min sedimentation: V30) were also determined. Artificial neural network (ANN) approach was used for modeling the experimental data. RESULTS Based on the results, the best removal rate of COD was obtained at pH: 3, 3 A constant DC current value, 0.6 theoretical ratio H2O2/COD and the feeding mode at four step injection. BOD/COD ratio at the optimal point was 0.535 and the maximum COD removal was achieved at TDS = 4%. In the optimal conditions, 85% of COD was removed and BOD/COD ratio was increased from 0.270 to 0.535. The data follow the second-order kinetic (R2 > 0.9) and neural network modeling also provided the accurate prediction for testing data. CONCLUSION Results showed that EF process can be used efficiently for treatment of composting plant leachate using the proper operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadali Alavi
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Dehvari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Alekhamis
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abdolkazem Neisi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Babaei
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Cáceres R, Malińska K, Marfà O. Nitrification within composting: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 72:119-137. [PMID: 29153903 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Composting could be regarded as a process of processes because it entails a number of complex chemical and microbiological reactions and transformations. Nitrification is one of such processes that normally takes place during the curing phase. This process has been studied in detail for wastewater treatment, and it is becoming an extensively studied topic within composting. In the past, nitrate presence in compost has been clearly perceived as a maturation indicator; however, nowadays, nitrate formation is also conceived as a way of conserving nitrogen in compost. Nitrification is a process closely linked to other processes such as ammonification and the possible loss of ammonia (NH3). Nitrification is defined as conversion of the most reduced form of nitrogen (NH3) to its most oxidized form (i.e. nitrate) and it is performed in two steps which are carried out by two different groups of microorganisms: the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria or archaea (AOB/AOA) and the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The objectives of this review are: a) to gather relevant information on nitrification, which can specifically occur during composting, b) to outline ultimate findings described by the literature in order to increase the understanding and the application of nitrification within composting, and c) to outline future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Cáceres
- GIRO Unit, Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Krystyna Malińska
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Częstochowa University of Technology, Brzeźnicka 60A, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Oriol Marfà
- GIRO Unit, Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
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Janczak D, Malińska K, Czekała W, Cáceres R, Lewicki A, Dach J. Biochar to reduce ammonia emissions in gaseous and liquid phase during composting of poultry manure with wheat straw. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 66:36-45. [PMID: 28462812 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Composting of poultry manure which is high in N and dense in structure can cause several problems including significant N losses in the form of NH3 through volatilization. Biochar due to its recalcitrance and sorption properties can be used in composting as a bulking agent and/or amendment. The addition of a bulking agent to high moisture raw materials can assure optimal moisture content and enough air-filled porosity but not necessarily the C/N ratio. Therefore, amendment of low C/N composting mixtures with biochar at low rates can have a positive effect on composting dynamics. This work aimed at evaluating the effect of selected doses of wood derived biochar amendment (0%, 5% and 10%, wet weight) to poultry manure (P) mixed with wheat straw (S) (in the ratio of 1:0.4 on wet weight) on the total ammonia emissions (including gaseous emissions of ammonia and liquid emissions of ammonium in the collected condensate and leachate) during composting. The process was performed in 165L laboratory scale composting reactors for 42days. The addition of 5% and 10% of biochar reduced gaseous ammonia emission by 30% and 44%, respectively. According to the obtained results, the measure of emission through the condensate would be necessary to assess the impact of the total ammonia emission during the composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Janczak
- Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Krystyna Malińska
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Częstochowa University of Technology, Brzeźnicka 60A, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Czekała
- Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Rafaela Cáceres
- GIRO Unit, Research and Technology, Food and Agriculture (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Andrzej Lewicki
- Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Dach
- Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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Cáceres R, Coromina N, Malińska K, Martínez-Farré FX, López M, Soliva M, Marfà O. Nitrification during extended co-composting of extreme mixtures of green waste and solid fraction of cattle slurry to obtain growing media. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 58:118-125. [PMID: 27577750 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Next generation of waste management systems should apply product-oriented bioconversion processes that produce composts or biofertilisers of desired quality that can be sold in high priced markets such as horticulture. Natural acidification linked to nitrification can be promoted during composting. If nitrification is enhanced, suitable compost in terms of pH can be obtained for use in horticultural substrates. Green waste compost (GW) represents a potential suitable product for use in growing medium mixtures. However its low N provides very limited slow-release nitrogen fertilization for suitable plant growth; and GW should be composted with a complementary N-rich raw material such as the solid fraction of cattle slurry (SFCS). Therefore, it is important to determine how very different or extreme proportions of the two materials in the mixture can limit or otherwise affect the nitrification process. The objectives of this work were two-fold: (a) To assess the changes in chemical and physicochemical parameters during the prolonged composting of extreme mixtures of green waste (GW) and separated cattle slurry (SFCS) and the feasibility of using the composts as growing media. (b) To check for nitrification during composting in two different extreme mixtures of GW and SFCS and to describe the conditions under which this process can be maintained and its consequences. The physical and physicochemical properties of both composts obtained indicated that they were appropriate for use as ingredients in horticultural substrates. The nitrification process occurred in both mixtures in the medium-late thermophilic stage of the composting process. In particular, its feasibility has been demonstrated in the mixtures with a low N content. Nitrification led to the inversion of each mixture's initial pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Cáceres
- IRTA, Research and Technology, Food and Agriculture, GIRO Unit, Carretera de Cabrils km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Narcís Coromina
- IRTA, Research and Technology, Food and Agriculture, GIRO Unit, Carretera de Cabrils km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Krystyna Malińska
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Brzeźnicka 60a, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
| | - F Xavier Martínez-Farré
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), ASQUAS Research Group, Campus del Baix Llobregat, c/Esteve Terradas, 8, 08860 Castelldefels, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marga López
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), ASQUAS Research Group, Campus del Baix Llobregat, c/Esteve Terradas, 8, 08860 Castelldefels, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Soliva
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), ASQUAS Research Group, Campus del Baix Llobregat, c/Esteve Terradas, 8, 08860 Castelldefels, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Oriol Marfà
- IRTA, Research and Technology, Food and Agriculture, GIRO Unit, Carretera de Cabrils km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Catalonia, Spain
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