1
|
Zhang M, Hou J, Xia J, Wu J, You G, Miao L. Statuses, shortcomings, and outlooks in studying the fate of nanoplastics and engineered nanoparticles in porous media respectively and borrowable sections from engineered nanoparticles for nanoplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169638. [PMID: 38181944 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
This review discussed the research statuses, shortcomings, and outlooks for the fate of nanoplastics (NPs) and engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in porous media and borrowable sections from ENPs for NPs. Firstly, the most important section was that we reviewed the research statuses on the fate of NPs in porous media and the main influencing factors, and explained the influencing mechanisms. Secondly, in order to give NPs a reference of research ideas and influence mechanisms, we also reviewed the research statuses on the fate of ENPs in porous media and the factors and mechanisms influencing the fate. The main mechanisms affecting the transport of ENPs were summarized (Retention or transport modes: advection, diffusion, dispersion, deposition, adsorption, blocking, ripening, and straining; Main forces and actions: Brownian motion, gravity, electrostatic forces, van der Waals forces, hydration, filtration, bridging; Affecting elements of the forces and actions: the ENP and media grain surface functional groups, size, shape, zeta potential, density, hydrophobicity, and roughness). Instead of using the findings of ENPs, thorough study on NPs was required because NPs and ENPs differed greatly. Based on the limited existing studies on the NP transport in porous media, we found that although the conclusions of ENPs could not be applied to NPs, most of the influencing mechanisms summarized from ENPs were applicable to NPs. Combining the research thoughts of ENPs, the research statuses of NPs, and some of our experiences and reflections, we reviewed the shortcomings of the current studies on the NP fate in porous media as well as the outlooks of future research. This review is very meaningful for clarifying the research statuses and influence mechanisms for the NP fate in porous media, as well as providing a great deal of inspiration for future research directions about the NP fate in porous media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang You
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhan W, Zhao X, Zhong H, Liu G. Cotransport of fullerene nanoparticles and montmorillonite colloids in porous media: Critical role of divalent cations of montmorillonite. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169470. [PMID: 38135086 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
While the cotransport of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) and clay colloids in porous media has been widely studied, the influence of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of clay colloids on the transport process remains unclear. In this study, batch adsorption and column transport experiments were conducted to investigate the fate and transport of CNPs and clay colloids in quartz sand, with respect to the effect of monovalent-cation exchange capacity (mono-CEC), divalent-cation exchange capacity (di-CEC) and total CEC of clays. Fullerene nanoparticles (nC60) and six types of montmorillonite (ML) with different CEC were selected as modeled CNPs and clay colloids, respectively. Transport behavior of nC60 and ML was characterized using breakthrough curves (BTCs) and fitted with two-kinetic-sites colloid transport model. Results of the adsorption experiments showed a good linear correlation between the deposition of nC60 on the sand surface and the di-CEC of ML. Transport of ML and nC60 was inhibited by each other. The calculated mass recovery of nC60, as well as the fitted maximum deposition capacity and attachment rate coefficients of nC60 exhibited a strong linear relationship with the di-CEC of ML. These results indicate that divalent cations in ML interlayers play a significant role in aggregation between nC60 and ML and their cotransport. Through measurements of the particle size and zeta potentials of sole nC60 and mixtures of ML and nC60, FTIR and XPS analysis of nC60 under different conditions, and a release experiment of nC60 in a sand column, it demonstrated cation bridging (Ca2+-π) between nC60 and ML mediated by the divalent cations in ML interlayers. The study highlighted the potential of using di-CEC of clays as an indicator to predict the mobility of nC60 in clay-containing porous media and added insights to the transport behavior of CNPs in porous media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyong Zhan
- School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xude Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo 315200, China.
| | - Guansheng Liu
- School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen J, Zhang H, Farooq U, Zhang Q, Ni J, Miao R, Chen W, Qi Z. Transport of dissolved organic matters derived from biomass-pyrogenic smoke (SDOMs) and their effects on mobility of heavy metal ions in saturated porous media. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 336:139247. [PMID: 37330067 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomass-pyrogenic smoke-derived dissolved organic matter (SDOMs) percolating into the underground environment profoundly impacts the transport and fate of environmental pollutants in groundwater systems. Herein, SDOMs were produced by pyrolyzing wheat straw at 300-900 °C to explore their transport properties and effects on Cu2+ mobility in quartz sand porous media. The results indicated that SDOMs exhibited high mobility in saturated sand. Meanwhile, the mobility of SDOMs was enhanced at a higher pyrolysis temperature due to the decrease in their molecular sizes and the declined H-bonding interactions between SDOM molecules and sand grains. Furthermore, the transport of SDOMs was elevated as pH values were raised from 5.0 to 9.0, which resulted from the strengthened electrostatic repulsion between SDOMs and quartz sand particles. More importantly, SDOMs could facilitate Cu2+ transport in the quartz sand, which stemmed from forming soluble Cu-SDOM complexes. Intriguingly, the promotional function of SDOMs for the mobility of Cu2+ was strongly dependent on the pyrolysis temperature. Generally, SDOMs generated at higher temperatures exhibited superior effects. The phenomenon was mainly due to the differences in the Cu-binding capacities of various SDOMs (e.g., cation-π attractive interactions). Our findings highlight that the high-mobility SDOM can considerably affect heavy metal ions' environmental fate and transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China; Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Usman Farooq
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ecology Institute of the Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Jinzhi Ni
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Renhui Miao
- Dabieshan National Observation and Research Field Station of Forest Ecosystem at Henan, International Joint Research Laboratory for Global Change Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China.
| | - Zhichong Qi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gui X, Ren Z, Xu X, Chen X, Chen M, Wei Y, Zhao L, Qiu H, Gao B, Cao X. Dispersion and transport of microplastics in three water-saturated coastal soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127614. [PMID: 34740510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The coastal area is one of the key zones for transport and fate of microplastics (MPs). This study investigated the transport behaviors of different sized MPs in three water-saturated coastal soils, with the aim to explore effects of properties of three different coastal soils on the dispersion and migration of three-sized MPs (0.3, 0.5, and 1 µm). All three-sized MPs had the strongest dispersion in Soil 3 solution, followed by that in Soil 1 solution and then that in Soil 2 solution. The strongest dispersion of MPs in Soil 3 solution was attributed to the lowest ionic strength. Such a high dispersion favored MPs movement in soil solution but readily be sorbed and fixed by rich Fe and Al oxides in Soil 3 solid through strong electrostatic attraction, leading to the lowest transport rate (20.5-41.2%). The high ionic strength in the Soil 1 solution decreased the dispersion of MPs, but the presence of high content of humic acid enhanced the electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance between MPs and soil particles, resulting in the highest transport ability of MPs in Soil 1 (39.4-72.5%). The large amount of dissolved Ca2+ and Mg2+ in Soil 2 solution favored MPs bridged with fulvic acid, resulting in the highest aggregation of MPs and relatively lower transport ability (34.1-49.6%). Large-sized MPs had higher electrostatic repulsion between the particles, thus increasing the dispersion and transport capacity of MPs in soil. Modeling showed the experiment-consistent results that Soil 3 had the lowest MPs transport after 600 mm of heavy rainfall, with the maximum migration distance of 7.50-10.5 cm, which was smaller than that in Soil 2 (8.10-12.0 cm) and that in Soil 1 (9.00-18.3 cm). These results indicated that MPs transport in coastal soil is significant and soil solution and solid composition plays an important role in the dispersion and transport of MPs, respectively. These findings afforded a great basis for the assessment of the fate and risk of MPs in coastal areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Gui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhefan Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yaqiang Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Z, Li T, Shen C, Shang J, Shi K, Zhang Y, Li B. Humic acid induced weak attachment of fullerene nC 60 nanoparticles and subsequent detachment upon reduction of solution ionic strength in saturated porous media. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2020; 231:103630. [PMID: 32169749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2020.103630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sand column experiments were performed under saturated conditions to investigate impact of humic acid (HA) on attachment of nC60 nanoparticles (NPs) in NaCl and CaCl2 at ionic strengths (ISs) from 1 mM to 100 mM and subsequent detachment via reducing solution IS. The attachment increased with increasing IS due to reduced repulsive Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) interaction energy and accordingly increased retention in primary energy wells. More attachments occurred in CaCl2 compared to NaCl because Ca2+ exhibited greater charge screen ability and served as a bridging agent between the NPs and sand surfaces. The presence of HA significantly reduced nC60 NPs attachment on sand surfaces (especially on nanoscale physical heterogeneities) in 10 mM NaCl and 1 mM CaCl2 because of enhanced electrostatic and steric repulsions. Interestingly, although the HA did not cause reduction of attachment in 100 mM NaCl and 10 mM CaCl2 compared to the case in absence of HA, the HA caused weak attachment of nC60 on sand surfaces and then much more significant detachment by decreasing IS. The HA did not alter both attachment and detachment in 100 mM CaCl2, because the Ca2+ at the high concentration caused formation of very stable complex of HA and NPs, and strong interaction of the complex with the sand surfaces via cation bridge. Our study highlighted that the HA can not only enhance the transport of NPs by inhibiting attachment as revealed in the literature, but also by the continuous capture and release of the NPs from surfaces in subsurface environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.; College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chongyang Shen
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China..
| | - Jianying Shang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kaiyu Shi
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China..
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu X, Lyu X, Li Z, Gao B, Zeng X, Wu J, Sun Y. Transport of polystyrene nanoplastics in natural soils: Effect of soil properties, ionic strength and cation type. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:136065. [PMID: 31865085 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics as emerging pollutants have caused growing concerns and posed potential threats to the environment. Nonetheless, only few studies investigated transport behaviors of nanoplastics in natural soils. In this study, column experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of soil properties, ionic strength and cation type on the transport of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) in a desert soil (DS), a black soil (BS) and a red soil (RS). The effluent recovery of PSNPs in three soils followed the order of DS (0%-96.8%) > BS (0%-87.5%) > RS (0%). The retention of PSNPs was positively correlated with Fe/Al oxides contents (DS: Fe-2.69%, Al-12.6%; BS: Fe-4.04%, Al-15.9%; RS: Fe-6.57%, Al-26.9%), whereas negatively correlated with soil pH (DS: 9.75; BS: 6.57; RS: 4.97). Soil minerals and pH were thus identified as the crucial soil properties determining transport of PSNPs, due to their coupled effects on surface charges to affect electrostatic interactions between soils and PSNPs. In addition, increasing solution ionic strength strongly inhibited the transport of PSNPs in the DS (0%-96.8%) and BS (0%-87.5%). Ca2+ (IS: 1-5 mM) was more pronounced in enhancing PSNP retention than Na+ (IS: 1-20 mM). Our findings highlight that the transport and fate of PSNPs in natural soils are highly sensitive to soil physicochemical properties, ionic strength and cation type, and reveal that nanoplastics have strong mobility ability in soils with high pH and low Fe/Al oxides contents, which may pose potential risks to the soil and groundwater environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hydrosciences Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xueyan Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hydrosciences Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhengyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hydrosciences Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Xiankui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hydrosciences Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hydrosciences Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hydrosciences Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Q, Wang M, Gu C, Zhang C. Water disinfection processes change the cytotoxicity of C 60 fullerene: Reactions at the nano-bio interface. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 163:114867. [PMID: 31330401 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The environmental transformation of nanoparticles results in significant changes in their structure, properties, and toxicity, which are imperative for assessing their environmental impact and health risks. Little is known about the toxicity alteration of fullerene nanoparticles (C60) after water disinfection processes considering their potential application in antimicrobial control in water treatment ultimately ending in sewage treatment plants. We showed that C60 aggregates (nC60) were converted to more oxidized forms via commonly used water disinfection processes (i.e., phototransformation and photochlorination treatment). The light-irradiated nanoparticles (UV_nC60) exhibited mitigated cytotoxicity relative to nC60, whereas photochlorinated nC60 (UV/Cl_nC60) showed an exacerbated outcome. We revealed a distinct toxic mechanism occurring at the nano-bio interface, for which electrons were shuttled by C60 nanoparticles from membrane-bound NADPH oxidase to extracellular molecular oxygen, resulting in the production of various extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). UV/Cl_nC60 showed the highest electron-shuttling activity due to its high carbonyl content, and more than 2.4-fold higher level of extracellular hydroxyl radicals were detected relative to that in untreated cells. Although UV_nC60 possessed a somewhat higher carbonyl content than nC60, it showed a weaker adhesion to the cell membrane, which compromised the electron-transfer process. The intrinsic ROS generation/quenching capabilities and oxidative potentials of the various nanoparticles were also systematically compared. Overall, this report highlights the importance of understanding environmental transformations in risk assessment and uncovers an overlooked mechanism through which nC60/derivatives can modulate the electron transfer process at the nano-bio interface via acting as electron shuttles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chuanhui Gu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu J, Zhang T, Tian L, Liu X, Qi Z, Ma Y, Ji R, Chen W. Aging Significantly Affects Mobility and Contaminant-Mobilizing Ability of Nanoplastics in Saturated Loamy Sand. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:5805-5815. [PMID: 31012576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastic debris, in particular, microplastics and nanoplastics, is becoming an emerging class of pollutants of global concern. Aging can significantly affect the physicochemical properties of plastics, and therefore, may influence the fate, transport, and effects of these materials. Here, we show that aging by UV or O3 exposure drastically enhanced the mobility and contaminant-mobilizing ability of spherical polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs, 487.3 ± 18.3 nm in diameter) in saturated loamy sand. Extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek calculations and pH-dependent transport experiments demonstrated that the greater mobility of the aged PSNPs was mainly the result of surface oxidation of the nanoplastics, which increased not only the surface charge negativity, but more importantly, hydrophilicity of the materials. The increased mobility of the aged PSNPs significantly contributed to their elevated contaminant-mobilizing abilities. Moreover, aging of PSNPs enhanced the binding of both nonpolar and polar contaminants, further increasing the contaminant-mobilizing ability of PSNPs. Interestingly, aging enhanced binding of nonpolar versus polar compounds via distinctly different mechanisms: increased binding of nonpolar contaminants (tested using pyrene) was mainly the result of the modification of the polymeric structure of PSNPs that exacerbated slow desorption kinetics; for polar compounds (4-nonylphenol), aging induced changes in surface properties also resulted in irreversible adsorption of contaminants through polar interactions, such as hydrogen bonding. The findings further underline the significant effects of aging on environmental fate and implications of nanoplastics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
| | - Lili Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
| | - Zhichong Qi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , P. R. China
| | - Yini Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen M, Wang D, Yang F, Xu X, Xu N, Cao X. Transport and retention of biochar nanoparticles in a paddy soil under environmentally-relevant solution chemistry conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:540-549. [PMID: 28709053 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Land application of biochar has been increasingly recommended as a powerful strategy for carbon sequestration and soil remediation. However, the biochar particles, especially those in the nanoscale range, may migrate or carry the inherent contaminants along the soil profile, posing a potential risk to the groundwater. This study investigated the transport and retention of wood chip-derived biochar nanoparticles (NPs) in water-saturated columns packed with a paddy soil. The environmentally-relevant soil solution chemistry including ionic strength (0.10-50 mM), electrolyte type (NaCl and CaCl2), and natural organic matter (0-10 mg L-1 humic acid) were tested to elucidate their effects on the biochar NPs transport. Higher mobility of biochar NPs was observed in the soil at lower ionic strengths, with CaCl2 electrolyte being more effective than NaCl in decreasing biochar NPs transport. The retained biochar NPs in NaCl was re-entrained (∼57.7%) upon lowering transient pore-water ionic strength, indicating that biochar NPs were reversibly retained in the secondary minimum. In contrast, negligible re-entrainment of biochar NPs occurred in CaCl2 due to the primary minimum and/or particle aggregation. Humic acid increased the mobility of biochar NPs, likely due to enhanced electrosteric repulsive interactions. The transport behaviors of biochar NPs can be well interpreted by a two-site kinetic retention model that assumes reversible retention for one site, and irreversible retention for the other site. Our findings indicated that the transport of wood chip biochar NPs is significant in the paddy soil, highlighting the importance of understanding the mobility of biochar NPs in natural soils for accurately assessing their environmental impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dengjun Wang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; National Research Council Resident Research Associate, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, OK 74820, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials, School of Chemistry Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang X, Wang Q, Qu X, Jiang W. Bound and unbound humic acids perform different roles in the aggregation and deposition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:738-745. [PMID: 28202237 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter influences the carbon nanotube transport in aqueous environments. The role of bound humic acid (HA) on carbon nanotubes and unbound HA in bulk solution in the aggregation and deposition of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (C-MWNTs) was examined in NaCl and CaCl2 electrolyte solution. Time-resolved dynamic light scattering and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring were employed to investigate the C-MWNT aggregation and deposition kinetics, respectively. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of C-MWNTs is 30mM in NaCl and 3mM in CaCl2. The bound HA results in CCCs of 32mM in NaCl and 2.9mM in CaCl2. However, the existing unbound HA causes much slower aggregation in both NaCl and CaCl2 electrolytes and results in CCCs of 86mM in NaCl and 5.8mM in CaCl2. The HA adsorption experiment confirms the additional adsorption of unbound HA in the presence of cations, which can increase the steric effect between C-MWNTs. The more negative charge of C-MWNTs in the presence of unbound HA also stabilizes the suspension. In contrast, the bound HA on C-MWNTs has a more remarkable effect on the deposition rate on the SiO2 surface than the unbound HA. Bound HA changes the C-MWNT surface functional groups, leading to differences in the interaction between C-MWNTs and the SiO2 surface. Hence, the C-MWNTs dispersed by their covalently bonded oxygen-containing groups on the carbon framework and dispersed by the bound HA show nearly the same aggregation rates but quite different deposition rates. The additional unbound HA adsorption does not change the surface functional groups or the changing trend of the CNT deposition rate. Distinguishing the role of bound and unbound HA in the aggregation and deposition of carbon nanomaterials is important to predict their transport in various natural waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang M, Gao B, Tang D. Review of key factors controlling engineered nanoparticle transport in porous media. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 318:233-246. [PMID: 27427890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology, an emerging technology, has witnessed rapid development in production and application. Engineered nanomaterials revolutionize the industry due to their unique structure and superior performance. The release of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) into the environment, however, may pose risks to the environment and public health. To advance current understanding of environmental behaviors of ENPs, this work provides an introductory overview of ENP fate and transport in porous media. It systematically reviews the key factors controlling their fate and transport in porous media. It first provides a brief overview of common ENPs in the environment and their sources. The key factors that govern ENP transport in porous media are then categorized into three groups: (1) nature of ENPs affecting their transport in porous media, (2) nature of porous media affecting ENP transport, and (3) nature of flow affecting ENP transport in porous media. In each group, findings in recent literature on the specific governing factors of ENP transport in porous media are discussed in details. Finally, this work concludes with remarks on the importance of ENP transport in porous media and directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Deshan Tang
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jeon S, Krasnow CS, Kirby CK, Granke LL, Hausbeck MK, Zhang W. Transport and Retention of Phytophthora capsici Zoospores in Saturated Porous Media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:9270-9278. [PMID: 27517718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora capsici is an important plant pathogen capable of infecting several major vegetable crops. Water-induced P. capsici transport is considered to be a significant contributor to disease outbreaks and subsequent crop loss. However, little is known about factors controlling P. capsici zoospore transport in porous media, thus impeding our understanding of their environmental dispersal and development of filtration techniques for contaminated irrigation water. This study investigated the transport and retention of P. capsici zoospores in saturated columns packed with iron-oxide-coated sand (IOCS) or uncoated sand in Na(+) or Ca(2+) background solution at pH 7.7 ± 0.5 or 4.0 ± 0.3, in combination with XDLVO interaction energy calculations and microscopic visualizations. Significantly more encysted zoospores were retained in IOCS than in uncoated sand, and at pH 4.0 than at pH 7.7, which likely resulted from increased electrostatic attraction between zoospores and grain surface. At pH 7.7, up to 99% and 96% of the encysted zoospores were removed in IOCS and uncoated sand, respectively, due to a combination of strong surface attachment, pore straining, and adhesive interactions. Motile biflagellate zoospores were more readily transported than encysted zoospores, thus posing a greater dispersal and infection risk. This study has broad implications in environmental transport of Phytophthora zoospores in natural soils as well as in cost-effective engineered filtration systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leah L Granke
- Crop Protection Discovery, Dow AgroSciences , Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yecheskel Y, Dror I, Berkowitz B. Transport of engineered nanoparticles in partially saturated sand columns. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 311:254-262. [PMID: 26995325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The vadose zone is a critical region controlling fate and transport of contaminants in soils and, ultimately, groundwater. It is therefore important to understand the behavior of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in this zone, as a potential group of emerging contaminants. Soil is a significant sink for ENPs; however, only a few studies have considered the fate and transport of ENPs in partially saturated systems, representative of the vadose zone. Here, transport behavior of three commonly used ENPs--gold (Au-NPs), silver (Ag-NPs) and zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs)--is investigated in partially saturated sand columns. High mobilities of Au-NPs and Ag-NPs under different water saturation levels and concentrations were observed. The presence of CaCl2 reduces Ag-NP mobility through chemical interactions, similar to behavior reported in saturated systems. Furthermore, transformation of Ag-NPs in the environment may influence their mobility; aging of Ag-NPs following sulfidation was investigated. The silver sulfide (Ag2S-NPs) remained stable in aqueous suspension, and mobile in the partially saturated sand column. In contrast, the positively-charged ZnO-NPs were completely immobilized in the sand column. Significantly, though, addition of humic acid (HA) to the ZnO-NP suspension reverses particle surface charge and thus increases their mobility. Moreover, remobilization of entrapped ZnO-NPs by HA was demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinon Yecheskel
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Ishai Dror
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Brian Berkowitz
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Troester M, Brauch HJ, Hofmann T. Vulnerability of drinking water supplies to engineered nanoparticles. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 96:255-279. [PMID: 27060529 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The production and use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) inevitably leads to their release into aquatic environments, with the quantities involved expected to increase significantly in the future. Concerns therefore arise over the possibility that ENPs might pose a threat to drinking water supplies. Investigations into the vulnerability of drinking water supplies to ENPs are hampered by the absence of suitable analytical methods that are capable of detecting and quantifiying ENPs in complex aqueous matrices. Analytical data concerning the presence of ENPs in drinking water supplies is therefore scarce. The eventual fate of ENPs in the natural environment and in processes that are important for drinking water production are currently being investigated through laboratory based-experiments and modelling. Although the information obtained from these studies may not, as yet, be sufficient to allow comprehensive assessment of the complete life-cycle of ENPs, it does provide a valuable starting point for predicting the significance of ENPs to drinking water supplies. This review therefore addresses the vulnerability of drinking water supplies to ENPs. The risk of ENPs entering drinking water is discussed and predicted for drinking water produced from groundwater and from surface water. Our evaluation is based on reviewing published data concerning ENP production amounts and release patterns, the occurrence and behavior of ENPs in aquatic systems relevant for drinking water supply and ENP removability in drinking water purification processes. Quantitative predictions are made based on realistic high-input case scenarios. The results of our synthesis of current knowledge suggest that the risk probability of ENPs being present in surface water resources is generally limited, but that particular local conditions may increase the probability of raw water contamination by ENPs. Drinking water extracted from porous media aquifers are not generally considered to be prone to ENP contamination. In karstic aquifers, however, there is an increased probability that if any ENPs enter the groundwater system they will reach the extraction point of a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). The ability to remove ENPs during water treatment depends on the specific design of the treatment process. In conventional DWTPs with no flocculation step a proportion of ENPs, if present in the raw water, may reach the final drinking water. The use of ultrafiltration techniques improves drinking water safety with respect to ENP contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Troester
- DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Karlsruher Str. 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany; Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14 UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14 UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Z, Wang D, Li B, Wang J, Li T, Zhang M, Huang Y, Shen C. Detachment of fullerene nC60 nanoparticles in saturated porous media under flow/stop-flow conditions: Column experiments and mechanistic explanations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:698-709. [PMID: 27023279 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the detachment of fullerene nC60 nanoparticles (NPs) in saturated sand porous media under transient and static conditions. The nC60 NPs were first attached at primary minima of Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) interaction energy profiles in electrolyte solutions with different ionic strengths (ISs). The columns were then eluted with deionized water to initiate nC60 NP detachment by decreasing solution IS. Finally, the flow of the columns was periodically interrupted to investigate nC60 NP detachment under static condition. Our results show that the detachment of nC60 NPs occurred under both transient and static conditions. The detachment under transient conditions was attributed to the fact that the attractions acting on the nC60 NPs at primary minima were weakened by nanoscale physical heterogeneities and overcome by hydrodynamic drags at lower ISs. However, a fraction of nC60 NPs remained at shallow primary minima in low flow regions, and detached via Brownian diffusion during flow interruptions. Greater detachment of nC60 NPs occurred under both transient and static conditions if the NPs were initially retained in electrolyte solutions with lower valent cations due to lower attractions between the NPs and collectors. Decrease in collector surface chemical heterogeneities and addition of dissolved organic matter also increased the extent of detachment by increasing electrostatic and steric repulsions, respectively. While particle attachment in and subsequent detachment from secondary minima occur in the same electrolyte solution, our results indicate that perturbation in solution chemistry is necessary to lower the primary minimum depths to initiate spontaneous detachment from the primary minima. These findings have important implications for predicting the fate and transport of nC60 NPs in subsurface environments during multiple rainfall events and accordingly for accurately assessing their environmental risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Dengjun Wang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Baoguo Li
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jizhong Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengjia Zhang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanfang Huang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chongyang Shen
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schaumann GE, Philippe A, Bundschuh M, Metreveli G, Klitzke S, Rakcheev D, Grün A, Kumahor SK, Kühn M, Baumann T, Lang F, Manz W, Schulz R, Vogel HJ. Understanding the fate and biological effects of Ag- and TiO₂-nanoparticles in the environment: The quest for advanced analytics and interdisciplinary concepts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 535:3-19. [PMID: 25455109 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Engineered inorganic nanoparticles (EINP) from consumers' products and industrial applications, especially silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NP), are emitted into the aquatic and terrestrial environments in increasing amounts. However, the current knowledge on their environmental fate and biological effects is diverse and renders reliable predictions complicated. This review critically evaluates existing knowledge on colloidal aging mechanisms, biological functioning and transport of Ag NP and TiO2 NP in water and soil and it discusses challenges for concepts, experimental approaches and analytical methods in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the processes linking NP fate and effects. Ag NP undergo dissolution and oxidation with Ag2S as a thermodynamically determined endpoint. Nonetheless, Ag NP also undergo colloidal transformations in the nanoparticulate state and may act as carriers for other substances. Ag NP and TiO2 NP can have adverse biological effects on organisms. Whereas Ag NP reveal higher colloidal stability and mobility, the efficiency of NOM as a stabilizing agent is greater towards TiO2 NP than towards Ag NP, and multivalent cations can dominate the colloidal behavior over NOM. Many of the past analytical obstacles have been overcome just recently. Single particle ICP-MS based methods in combination with field flow fractionation techniques and hydrodynamic chromatography have the potential to fill the gaps currently hampering a comprehensive understanding of fate and effects also at a low field relevant concentrations. These analytical developments will allow for mechanistically orientated research and transfer to a larger set of EINP. This includes separating processes driven by NP specific properties and bulk chemical properties, categorization of effect-triggering pathways directing the EINP effects towards specific recipients, and identification of dominant environmental parameters triggering fate and effect of EINP in specific ecosystems (e.g. soil, lake, or riverine systems).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele E Schaumann
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, Fortstr. 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - Allan Philippe
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, Fortstr. 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Ecotoxicology and Environment, Fortstr. 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - George Metreveli
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, Fortstr. 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - Sondra Klitzke
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Soil Ecology, 79085 Freiburg i.Br., Germany; Berlin University of Technology, Institute of Ecology, Department of Soil Science, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, D-10587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Denis Rakcheev
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Environmental and Soil Chemistry, Fortstr. 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Grün
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, Dept. of Biology, Universitätsstr. 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Samuel K Kumahor
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Soil Physics, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Melanie Kühn
- Technische Universität München, Institute of Hydrochemistry, Marchioninistr. 17, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Baumann
- Technische Universität München, Institute of Hydrochemistry, Marchioninistr. 17, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Friederike Lang
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Soil Ecology, 79085 Freiburg i.Br., Germany.
| | - Werner Manz
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences, Dept. of Biology, Universitätsstr. 1, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Ralf Schulz
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Ecotoxicology and Environment, Fortstr. 7, D-76829 Landau, Germany.
| | - Hans-Jörg Vogel
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Soil Physics, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, D-06120 Halle, Germany; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 3, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bouchard D, Chang X, Chowdhury I. Heteroaggregation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with sediments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
18
|
Shen C, Zhang M, Zhang S, Wang Z, Zhang H, Li B, Huang Y. Influence of surface heterogeneities on reversibility of fullerene (nC60) nanoparticle attachment in saturated porous media. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 290:60-68. [PMID: 25746565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically investigated influence of surface roughness and surface chemical heterogeneity on attachment and detachment of nC60 nanoparticles in saturated porous media by conducting laboratory column experiments. Sand and glass beads were employed as a model collectors to represent a different surface roughness. The two collectors were treated by washing with only deionized water or by using acids to extensively remove chemical heterogeneities. Results show that both attachment and detachment were more in the acid-treated sand than those in the acid-treated glass beads. The greater attachment and detachment were attributed to the reason that sand surfaces have much more nanoscale asperities, which facilitates particle attachment atop of them at primary minima and subsequent detachment upon reduction of ionic strength. No detachment was observed if the water-washed collectors were employed, demonstrating that the couple of chemical heterogeneity with nanoscale roughness causes irreversible attachment in primary minima. Whereas existing studies frequently represented surface rough asperities as regular geometries (e.g., hemisphere, cone, pillar) for estimating influence of surface roughness on Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) interaction energies, our theoretical calculations indicate that the assumptions could underestimate both attachment and detachment because these geometries cannot account for surface curvature effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Shen
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengjia Zhang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanfang Huang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kang JK, Yi IG, Park JA, Kim SB, Kim H, Han Y, Kim PJ, Eom IC, Jo E. Transport of carboxyl-functionalized carbon black nanoparticles in saturated porous media: Column experiments and model analyses. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2015; 177-178:194-205. [PMID: 25977994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the transport behavior of carboxyl-functionalized carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) in porous media including quartz sand, iron oxide-coated sand (IOCS), and aluminum oxide-coated sand (AOCS). Two sets of column experiments were performed under saturated flow conditions for potassium chloride (KCl), a conservative tracer, and CBNPs. Breakthrough curves were analyzed to obtain mass recovery and one-dimensional transport model parameters. The first set of experiments was conducted to examine the effects of metal (Fe, Al) oxides and flow rate (0.25 and 0.5 mL min(-1)) on the transport of CBNPs suspended in deionized water. The results showed that the mass recovery of CBNPs in quartz sand (flow rate=0.5 mL min(-1)) was 83.1%, whereas no breakthrough of CBNPs (mass recovery=0%) was observed in IOCS and AOCS at the same flow rate, indicating that metal (Fe, Al) oxides can play a significant role in the attachment of CBNPs to porous media. In addition, the mass recovery of CBNPs in quartz sand decreased to 76.1% as the flow rate decreased to 0.25 mL min(-1). Interaction energy profiles for CBNP-porous media were calculated using DLVO theory for sphere-plate geometry, demonstrating that the interaction energy for CBNP-quartz sand was repulsive, whereas the interaction energies for CBNP-IOCS and CBNP-AOCS were attractive with no energy barriers. The second set of experiments was conducted in quartz sand to observe the effect of ionic strength (NaCl=0.1 and 1.0mM; CaCl2=0.01 and 0.1mM) and pH (pH=4.5 and 5.4) on the transport of CBNPs suspended in electrolyte. The results showed that the mass recoveries of CBNPs in NaCl=0.1 and 1.0mM were 65.3 and 6.4%, respectively. The mass recoveries of CBNPs in CaCl2=0.01 and 0.1mM were 81.6 and 6.3%, respectively. These results demonstrated that CBNP attachment to quartz sand can be enhanced by increasing the electrolyte concentration. Interaction energy profiles demonstrated that the interaction energy profile for CBNP-quartz sand was compressed and that the energy barrier decreased as the electrolyte concentration increased. Furthermore, the mass recovery of CBNPs in the presence of divalent ions (CaCl2=0.1 mM) was far lower than that in the presence of monovalent ions (NaCl=0.1 mM), demonstrating a much stronger effect of Ca(2+) than Na(+) on CBNP transport. Mass recovery of CBNPs at pH 4.5 was 55.6%, which was lower than that (83.1%) at pH 5.4, indicating that CBNP attachment to quartz sand can be enhanced by decreasing the pH. The sticking efficiencies (α) calculated from the mass recovery by colloid filtration theory were in the range from 2.1×10(-2) to 4.5×10(-1), which were far greater than the values (2.56×10(-6)-3.33×10(-2)) of theoretical sticking efficiencies (αtheory) calculated from the DLVO energy by the Maxwell model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyu Kang
- Environmental Functional Materials & Biocolloids Laboratory, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Geol Yi
- Environmental Functional Materials & Biocolloids Laboratory, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ann Park
- Environmental Functional Materials & Biocolloids Laboratory, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Bae Kim
- Environmental Functional Materials & Biocolloids Laboratory, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; Department of Rural Systems Engineering and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yosep Han
- Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Je Kim
- Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Environmental Research, Republic of Korea
| | - Ig-Chun Eom
- Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Environmental Research, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Jo
- Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Environmental Research, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dwivedi AD, Dubey SP, Sillanpää M, Kwon YN, Lee C, Varma RS. Fate of engineered nanoparticles: Implications in the environment. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
21
|
Relative transport of human adenovirus and MS2 in porous media. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:778-784. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
Wang D, Ge L, He J, Zhang W, Jaisi DP, Zhou D. Hyperexponential and nonmonotonic retention of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles in an Ultisol. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2014; 164:35-48. [PMID: 24926609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing application of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has heightened the concern that these ENPs would eventually be released to the environment and may enter into life cycle of living beings. In this regard, it is essential to understand how these ENPs transport and retain in natural soils because they are considered to be a major repository for ENPs. Herein, transport and retention of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated silver nanoparticles (PVP-AgNPs) were investigated over a wide range of physicochemical factors in water-saturated columns packed with an Ultisol rich in clay-size particles. Higher mobility of PVP-AgNPs occurred at larger soil grain size, lower solution ionic strength and divalent cation concentration, higher flow rate, and greater PVP concentrations. Most breakthrough curves (BTCs) for PVP-AgNPs exhibited significant amounts of retardation in the soil due to its large surface area and quantity of retention sites. In contrast to colloid filtration theory, the shapes of retention profiles (RPs) for PVP-AgNPs were either hyperexponential or nonmonotonic (a peak in particle retention down-gradient from the column inlet). The BTCs and hyperexponential RPs were successfully described using a 1-species model that considered time- and depth-dependent retention. Conversely, a 2-species model that included reversibility of retained PVP-AgNPs had to be employed to better simulate the BTCs and nonmonotonic RPs. As the retained concentration of species 1 approached the maximum solid-phase concentration, a second mobile species (species 2, i.e., the same PVP-AgNPs that are reversibly retained) was released that could be retained at a different rate than species 1 and thus yielded the nonmonotonic RPs. Some retained PVP-AgNPs were likely to irreversibly deposit in the primary minimum associated with microscopic chemical heterogeneity (favorable sites). Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis suggested that these favorable sites were positively charged sites on montmorillonite edges and goethite surfaces in the soil. Overall, our study highlights that the transport and especially retention of PVP-AgNPs are highly sensitive to the physicochemical factors, but mathematical modeling can accurately predict the fate of these ENPs in porous media which is important for better understanding the fate of these ENPs in point of exit and in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dengjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liqiang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianzhou He
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and Environmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Deb P Jaisi
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pakarinen K, Akkanen J, Leppänen MT, Kukkonen JVK. Distribution of fullerenes (nC60) between sediment and water in freshwaters. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 108:320-325. [PMID: 24556542 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Depending on environmental conditions, fullerenes (nC60) have the potential to settle to the bottom sediments. In this study the distribution of nC60 was investigated in the labile zone between sediment and water. Three freshwater-sediment systems representing oligohumic, mesohumic, and polyhumic lakes with varying sediment composition and structure were used to investigate the target of fullerenes. The largest portion of water suspended fullerenes was found in the sediment, but a part re-suspended relatively quickly to water-stabile particles associated with natural particles. Rapid initial re-suspending was followed by a slower one offering a continuous pathway to the water phase. Re-suspending was highest from the sediment with a high amount of amorphous matter, small particles and a highly aliphatic character, amounting to 9±1% of the initial amount of fullerenes, whereas it was 4±1% in aromatic sediments with larger particles and less amorphous matter. These results indicate that bottom sediments can retain fullerenes but a portion may remain mobile depending on sediment character. Re-suspended fullerenes may again be available to aquatic species-this knowledge should thus be taken into account in the environmental risk assessment of fullerenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kukka Pakarinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Biology, PO box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Jarkko Akkanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Biology, PO box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Matti T Leppänen
- Finnish Environment Institute, Survontie 9, 40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jussi V K Kukkonen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, PO box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang GX, Jiang H. Amino modification of biochar for enhanced adsorption of copper ions from synthetic wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 48:396-405. [PMID: 24183556 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biochar was modified as a high efficient and selective absorbent for copper ions (Cu(II)) by nitration and reduction. Results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analyses indicated that the amino groups were chemically bound to the functional groups on the biochar surface. Kinetics, thermal dynamics, and adsorption and desorption of Cu(II) in fixed-bed were investigated. The results demonstrated that the amino-modified biochar exhibited excellent adsorption performance for Cu(II). The adsorption capacity and bed volume of the modified biochar are five- and eight- folds of the pristine biochar, respectively. The Cu(II) combined with the amino groups through strong complexation based on the comparison of XPS and ATR-FTIR analyses before and after adsorption, which endows it with the high pH stability and ion selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chang X, Bouchard DC. Multiwalled carbon nanotube deposition on model environmental surfaces. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:10372-10380. [PMID: 23957606 DOI: 10.1021/es402200h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on model environmental surfaces was investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Deposition behaviors of MWNTs on positively and negatively charged surfaces were in good agreement with Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory, although hydrophobic interactions dominated MWNTs deposition on a hydrophobic polystyrene surface. Initial deposition rates (rf) and deposition attachment efficiencies (αD) depended on solution ionic strengths (IS) and surface electrostatic properties. Identical rf and αD values at constant IS on similar surfaces suggested that deposition was insensitive to surface morphology (i.e., bare crystal surface vs coated surface). The dissipation unit (D) was used with frequency (f) to investigate nanoparticle deposition: |ΔD/Δf| values varied for deposition on different surfaces, indicating that the nature of MWNT association with surfaces varied despite constant rf and αD values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Chang
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bai C, Eskridge KM, Li Y. Analysis of the fate and transport of nC₆₀ nanoparticles in the subsurface using response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2013; 152:60-69. [PMID: 23880318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the distribution of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in the environment will provide critical information for risk assessment and policy development to regulate these emerging contaminants. The fate and transport of ENMs in natural subsurface environments are complicated by various factors, such as hydraulic gradient, initial release concentration, nanoparticle size, and collision efficiency factor. Based on advanced statistical methodologies (i.e., response surface methodology (RSM)), we explore simple relationships between key factors that control ENM transport (collision efficiency factor, particle size, hydraulic gradient, and initial release concentration) and key parameters that describe the ENM concentration distribution in porous media (maximum standardized concentration, the mass percentage of injected nanoparticle attached in the aquifer, the x-centroid of aqueous phase nC₆₀ plume, and the x-centroid of attached phase nC₆₀ distribution). Hypothetical scenarios for the release of nanoparticles into an aquifer were simulated numerically with randomly generated permeability fields that were based on mildly and highly heterogeneous sites. RSM was used to develop polynomial regression equations based on a statistical experimental design. High R-squared values (greater than 0.9) of the regression equations were obtained for all the models developed based on the mildly heterogeneous site. On the highly heterogeneous site, the R-squared value of the regression equation for the percentage of nanoparticles attached (by mass) was more than 0.9. The ability to accurately estimate aqueous phase ENM concentration distribution using simple regression equations is particularly critical for risk assessment. Even though the correlations developed in this study were site and scenario specific, this work represents a first effort of applying RSM for predicting the distribution of engineered nanomaterials in porous media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Bai
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska Lincoln, 362R Whittier Building, 2200 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bouchard D, Zhang W, Chang X. A rapid screening technique for estimating nanoparticle transport in porous media. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:4086-4094. [PMID: 23141766 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the mobility of engineered nanoparticles in hydrologic pathways from point of release to human or ecological receptors is essential for assessing environmental exposures. Column transport experiments are a widely used technique to estimate the transport parameters of engineered nanoparticles in the subsurface environment, but this technique is often time-consuming, labor-intensive, and of low sample throughput. Thus, the traditional column experiment is unlikely to be a viable tool for processing the large numbers of engineered nanomaterials in various types of porous media that will be needed for environmental impact assessment and regulatory activities. Here we present a high throughput screening technique for nanoparticle transport using 96 deep well plate columns packed with porous media. The technique was tested for the transport of 60-nm polystyrene microspheres, fullerene C60 nanoparticles (aq/nC60), and surfactant-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in 0.001-0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) through Iota quartz sand and Calls Creek sediment. Our results showed that this screening technique produced highly reproducible column hydrodynamic properties as revealed by conservative tracer tests and precise measurements of nanoparticle transport parameters. Additionally, all nanoparticles exhibited greater retention in the sediment than in Iota quartz, and the retention of SDS-SWNTs decreased with increasing SDS concentrations, which is consistent with the existing literature. We conclude that this technique is well suited for rapidly screening the mobility of engineered nanomaterials in porous media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dermont Bouchard
- USEPA Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 960 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kolkman A, Emke E, Bäuerlein PS, Carboni A, Tran DT, ter Laak TL, van Wezel AP, de Voogt P. Analysis of (Functionalized) Fullerenes in Water Samples by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:5867-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400619g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Kolkman
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O.
Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Emke
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O.
Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick S. Bäuerlein
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O.
Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Carboni
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
| | - Diem Truc Tran
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O.
Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L. ter Laak
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O.
Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pim de Voogt
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O.
Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang D, Zhang W, Zhou D. Antagonistic effects of humic acid and iron oxyhydroxide grain-coating on biochar nanoparticle transport in saturated sand. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:5154-5161. [PMID: 23614641 DOI: 10.1021/es305337r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biochar land application may result in multiple agronomic and environmental benefits (e.g., carbon sequestration, improving soil quality, and immobilizing environmental contaminants). However, our understanding of biochar particle transport is largely unknown in natural environments with significant heterogeneity in solid (e.g., patches of iron oxyhydroxide coating) and solution chemistry (e.g., the presence of natural organic matter), which represents a critical knowledge gap in assessing the environmental impact of biochar land application. Transport and retention kinetics of nanoparticles (NPs) from wheat straw biochars produced at two pyrolysis temperatures (i.e., 350 and 550 °C) were investigated in water-saturated sand columns at environmentally relevant concentrations of dissolved humic acid (HA, 0, 1, 5, and 10 mg L(-1)) and fractional surface coverage of iron oxyhydroxide coatings on sand grains (ω, 0.16, 0.28, and 0.40). Transport of biochar NPs increased with increasing HA concentration, largely because of enhanced repulsive interaction energy between biochar NPs and sand grains. Conversely, transport of biochar NPs decreased significantly with increasing ω due to enhanced electrostatic attraction between negatively charged biochar NPs and positively charged iron oxyhydroxides. At a given ω of 0.28, biochar NPs were less retained with increasing HA concentration due to increased electrosteric repulsion between biochar NPs and sand grains. Experimental breakthrough curves and retention profiles were well described using a two-site kinetic retention model that accounted for Langmuirian blocking or random sequential adsorption at one site. Consistent with the blocking effect, the often observed flat retention profiles stemmed from decreased retention rate and/or maximum retention capacity at a higher HA concentration or smaller ω. The antagonistic effects of HA and iron oxyhydroxide grain-coating imparted on the mobility of biochar NPs suggest that biochar colloid transport potential will be dependent on competitive influences exerted by a number of environmental factors (e.g., natural organic matter and metal oxides).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dengjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang W, Rattanaudompol US, Li H, Bouchard D. Effects of humic and fulvic acids on aggregation of aqu/nC60 nanoparticles. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:1793-1802. [PMID: 23374256 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of fullerene nanoparticles (nC(60)) is a fundamental process influencing its environmental fate and transport, and toxicity. Using time-resolved dynamic light scattering we systematically investigated aggregation kinetics of nC(60) generated from extended mixing in water (termed as aqu/nC(60)) in a range of symmetrical monovalent (NaCl) or divalent (MgSO(4)) electrolyte concentrations with the presence/absence of model natural organic matter (NOM), i.e., Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) and fulvic acid (SRFA), at three pH levels (4, 7.8, 9.8). Electrophoretic mobility (EPM) data were interpreted according to the Ohshima's soft particle theory to obtain average characteristics of the adsorbed NOM layers, which was then used to explain the observed aggregation profiles. Results indicate that the presence of NOM stabilized aqu/nC(60), and SRHA was more effective than SRFA in suppressing aqu/nC(60) aggregation. The stabilization effect of NOM in the presence of NaCl was less pronounced than in the presence of MgSO(4), likely as a result of high aggregation potential of aqu/nC(60) in the presence of MgSO(4) due to effective charge screening and neutralization. The differential stabilization capacity between SRHA and SRFA could be explained by the structural and conformational characteristics of the adsorbed NOM layers by invoking steric repulsion, as determined by both the adsorbed layer thickness and the NOM affinity to aqu/nC(60). While this was true under most conditions, the discrepancy observed in the presence of MgSO(4) at pH 9.8 may be attributed to inter-particle aggregation through Mg(2+) binding with SRFA that is not included in steric repulsion theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fang J, Xu MJ, Wang DJ, Wen B, Han JY. Modeling the transport of TiO2 nanoparticle aggregates in saturated and unsaturated granular media: effects of ionic strength and pH. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:1399-1408. [PMID: 23276424 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the mechanisms governing the transport and retention kinetics of TiO(2) nanoparticle aggregates (NPAs) in flow-through columns of packed sand, particularly under unsaturated conditions. The study was carried out at different pHs (2.6, 7.1, and 9.6) and ionic strengths (ISs) (1.0, 10, and 50 mM). A two-site kinetic attachment model was used to describe transport behaviors of TiO(2) NPAs. At low ISs (i.e., 1.0 and 10 mM) and in neutral/alkaline conditions, high mobility of TiO(2) NPAs was observed in both saturated and unsaturated conditions. However, the retention of TiO(2) NPAs was substantially enhanced at the high IS (50 mM) and in extremely acidity condition (pH = 2.6), because of increased aggregation and straining of TiO(2) NPAs during their transport course. The breakthrough curves (BTCs) of TiO(2) NPAs under unsaturated and saturated conditions almost overlapped, suggesting that decreasing the water saturation did not enhance the retention of TiO(2) NPAs in sand columns. This was probably due to the repulsive interactions existed between negatively charged air-water and TiO(2) NPAs systems that resulted in unfavorable attachment conditions. The two-site kinetic attachment model provided a good description for the BTCs of TiO(2) NPAs both in saturated and unsaturated conditions. The fitted parameters could successfully explain the transport behaviors of TiO(2) NPAs under various solution chemistries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bouchard D, Zhang W, Powell T, Rattanaudompol US. Aggregation kinetics and transport of single-walled carbon nanotubes at low surfactant concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:4458-65. [PMID: 22443301 DOI: 10.1021/es204618v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how low levels of surfactants can affect the colloidal stability of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and how surfactant-wrapping of SWNTs can impact ecological exposures in aqueous systems. In this study, SWNTs were suspended in water with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as a surface-active dispersing agent. The effect of SDS concentration on SWNT suspension stability was investigated with time-resolved dynamic light scattering (TRDLS) initial aggregation studies utilizing both monovalent (Na(+)) and divalent (Ca(2+)) cations. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) values increased with SDS concentration for the Na(+) treatments, but the Ca(2+) treatments were less sensitive to SDS concentration changes. Longer term stability studies with SDS concentrations orders of magnitude below the SDS critical micelle concentration demonstrated that SWNTs remained suspended for over six weeks in a surface water. Transport studies in a freshwater sediment similarly showed a SDS concentration-dependent mobility of SDS-wrapped SWNTs in that SWNTs showed a relatively greater retention at lower SDS concentrations (0.001%-0.05% w/v) than at a higher SDS concentration (0.1%). It is hypothesized that the stability and mobility of SWNT suspensions is directly related to the surface coverage of SDS on the SWNT surface that simultaneously increases electrosteric repulsion and decreases surface chemical heterogeneity. Overall, these studies demonstrate that low levels of surfactant are effective in stabilizing and mobilizing SWNTs in environmental media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dermont Bouchard
- USEPA Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 960 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|