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Yan CH, Zhan YF, Chen H, Herman RA, Xu Y, Khurshid M, Gong LC, You S, Wang J. Coupling of gene regulation and carrier modification manipulates bacterial biofilms as robust living catalysts. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 399:130604. [PMID: 38499206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The biofilm of an engineered strain is limited by slow growth and low yield, resulting in an unsatisfactory ability to resist external stress and promote catalytic efficiency. Here, biofilms used as robust living catalysts were manipulated through dual functionalized gene regulation and carrier modification strategies. The results showed that gene overexpression regulates the autoinducer-2 activity, extracellular polymeric substance content and colony behavior of Escherichia coli, and the biofilm yield of csgD overexpressed strains increased by 79.35 % compared to that of the wild type strains (p < 0.05). In addition, the hydrophilicity of polyurethane fibres modified with potassium dichromate increased significantly, and biofilm adhesion increased by 105.80 %. Finally, the isoquercitrin yield in the catalytic reaction of the biofilm reinforced by the csgD overexpression strain and the modified carrier was 247.85 % higher than that of the untreated group. Overall, this study has developed engineered strains biofilm with special functions, providing possibilities for catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hai Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Yu-Fan Zhan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Huan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Richard A Herman
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Marriam Khurshid
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Lu-Chan Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Shuai You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, PR China; Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Intelligent Biomanufacturing, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, PR China.
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2
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Khan MMT, Sklar L. Editorial: Environmental contaminants in aquatic systems and chemical safety for environmental and human health, volume II. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1157834. [PMID: 37383263 PMCID: PMC10299172 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1157834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohiuddin Md. Taimur Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University Tri-Cities, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Larry Sklar
- Center for Molecular Discovery and Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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3
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Ji Y, Liu J, Wang C, Zhang F, Xu X, Zhu L. Stability improvement of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) based on Gibbs free energy change (∆G) of sludge-water interface: Abstract2. Materials and Methods. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 240:120059. [PMID: 37216787 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yatong Ji
- Institution of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jieyi Liu
- Institution of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institution of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Environmental Protection Bureau of Changxing County, Huzhou 313100, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Institution of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Institution of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Wang KW, Liu WZ, Kang D, Zhang YX, Cui D. Hybrid bioreactor built-in with fixed bio-carriers for denitrification with low C/N ratio: Hydrodynamic optimization and microbial divergence. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115510. [PMID: 36796606 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamics played an important role in the design and operation of bioreactors for wastewater treatment. In this work, an up-flow anaerobic hybrid bioreactor built-in with fixed bio-carriers was designed and optimized using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The results indicated that the flow regime involving with vortex and dead zone was greatly affected by the positions of water inlet and bio-carrier modules. The ideal hydraulic features were obtained when the water inlet and bio-carrier modules located 9 cm and 60 cm above the bottom of reactor. Using the optimum hybrid system for nitrogen removal from wastewater with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N = 3), the denitrification efficiency could reach 80.9 ± 0.4%. Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed that the microbial community divergence occurred among the biofilm on bio-carrier, the suspended sludge phase and the inoculum. Especially, the relative abundance of denitrifying genera Denitratisoma in the biofilm of bio-carrier reaches 5.73%, 6.2 times higher than that in the suspended sludge, implying the imbedded bio-carrier was conductive to enrich the specific denitrifiers to polish the denitrification performance with low carbon source. This work provided an effective method for the design optimization of bioreactor based on CFD simulation, and developed a hybrid reactor with fixed bio-carrier for nitrogen removal from wastewater with low C/N ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Wen-Zong Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Da Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Yu-Xiang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Dan Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China.
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5
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Ji Y, Cao R, Wang C, Xu X, Zhu L. Effect of flow regime on mass transfer diffusion and stability of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in view of interfacial thermodynamic. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116293. [PMID: 36261993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology has been widely studied as "The Next Generation Wastewater Treatment technology". The effect of hydraulic conditions on the structural stability of AGS has been widely studied. However, the function of flow regime on the AGS stability, especially dissolved oxygen (DO) mass transfer, is still unknown. In this study, we used the Reynolds number (Re) to quantify the flow regime and selected different stages of AGS as experimental subjects. Results showed that the relatively suitable Re (Re = 150) could create lower DO mass transfer limitation (Lc = 27.4 μm) and increase protein (PN) contents and the abundance of hydrophobic functional groups in AGS. At this condition (Re = 150), the interfacial Gibbs free energy of sludge-water (ΔGLSa) was at a lower state (-129.75 ± 2.15 mJ·m-2), which favored the stability of AGS. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis indicated that the response of ΔGLSa was affected by Lc, PN, and hydrophobic groups. In addition, results obtained for unstable AGS further verified that suitable Re regulates the structural stability of AGS. This study deepens the understanding of Re as an important hydraulic parameter for structural stability of AGS, which is also of great significance for energy saving of sequential batch reactors (SBRs) with agitation in practical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatong Ji
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Runjuan Cao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Fathiah Mohamed Zuki, Pourzolfaghar H, Edyvean RGJ, Hernandez JE. Interpretation of Initial Adhesion of Pseudomonas putida on Hematite and Quartz Using Surface Thermodynamics, DLVO, and XDLVO Theories. SURFACE ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068375522050131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Pei Z, Wang C, Wang P, Zhou G. Covalent-anion-driven self-assembled cadmium/ molybdenum sulfide hybrids for efficient nitenpyram degradation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 316:115269. [PMID: 35576708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic technology is an attractive and promising approach for nitenpyram degradation; however, how to ensure the carrier separation efficiency and catalytic sites exposure is still great challenges. In this study, we construct CdS@MoS2 (CM) nanohybrids with a 3D hierarchical configuration to enhance the separation and transfer efficiency of the photo-induced electron by a covalent-anion-driven self-assembly method. The vertical orientation of MoS2 ultrathin nanosheets not only provides a large specific surface area for the oxidation and reduction reactions but also enables the active edge sites of MoS2 to be maximally exposed. As a result, this structure drastically facilitates the exposure of the catalytic active region and the performance of the carrier transfer and injection into photocatalytic degradation for nitenpyram (NTP). The optimal CdS-MoS2 has an impressive and stable NTP removal efficiency with a high reaction rate constant up to 0.078 min-1, which is 3.25 times higher than that of pure cadmium sulfide. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism and degradation pathway of NTP were presented by synthesizing the results of experimental analysis and density flooding theory (DFT) calculations. In further, for the first time, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of NTP on moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) was disclosed and a continuous photocatalytic wastewater pretreatment device based on the CM is proposed for the stable biological nitrogen removal activity of MBBRs, which can degrade more than 80% NTP per hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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8
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Ji Y, Chen L, Cao R, Zhang Z, Zuo P, Xu X, Zhu L. Uncover the secret of the stability and interfacial Gibbs free energy of aerobic granular sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112693. [PMID: 35065066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial Gibbs free energy (IGFE) as a thermodynamic indicator characterize the stability of the natural system. For aerobic granular sludge (AGS), how IGFE determines the stability of sludge remains to be determined. The Gibbs free energy change at the AGS-water interface (ΔGswa) and AGS interfaces (ΔGsc) were selected as the main interfacial thermodynamic factors. Results indicated that the stable AGS was guaranteed with ΔGsc at the range of -31 to - 46 J m-2. Pearson correlation coefficients between ΔGswa/ ΔGsc and relative hydrophobicity, water content, SVI30, integrity coefficient were -0.9, 0.8, 0.85, and 0.84, which illustrated that the IGFE could be a more comprehensive thermodynamic indicator. Microbial community and EPS analysis verified the importance of denitrifiers, Amide III, protein-like substances for AGS stability. This work offers a new insight into the development of AGS stability based on IGFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatong Ji
- Institution of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Runjuan Cao
- Institution of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Institution of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Pengxiao Zuo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Institution of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Institution of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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9
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Enhancing the formation of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) biofilm and nitrogen removal performance using two-units IFFAS process filled with surface-modified carriers. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Roveto PM, Benavidez A, Schuler AJ. Effects of Methyl, Ester, and Amine Surface Groups on Microbial Activity and Communities in Nitrifying Biofilms. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:504-516. [PMID: 35090108 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine how different attachment surface chemistries affected the initial and long-term performance and microbial populations of nitrifying biofilms under well-controlled hydrodynamic mixing conditions. While much previous research has focused on the effects of surface properties such as hydrophobicity on bacterial attachment in pure cultures, this study evaluated the effects of specific functional groups on mixed culture composition and functional behavior. Three surfaces with varying hydrophobicity and charge were evaluated for biofilm community development and performance: unmodified poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), which included terminal methyl groups and was relatively hydrophobic (P-Methyl), PDMS silanized with ester groups (P-Ester), which was uncharged and relatively hydrophilic, and PDMS modified with amine groups (P-Amine), which possessed a positive charge and was the most hydrophilic. The surface chemistries of the three attachment surfaces were characterized by contact angle goniometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These surfaces were inoculated with dilute activated sludge, and biofilms were grown in rotating annular bioreactors for 80 days, with experimental triplicates. Nitrification rates increased most rapidly in P-Amine biofilm reactors, and their biofilm communities contained significantly more Nitrosomonas (p < 0.05) than those on the other surfaces in early growth stages (days 40-50). From days 50-60, the P-Amine surface biofilm had significantly higher nitrate production rates than the P-Methyl and P-Ester biofilms. The biofilms grown on the P-Amine and P-Methyl surfaces were significantly (p < 0.05) more diverse than the P-Ester biofilms, containing higher relative abundances of the order Rhizobiales, including a significantly higher abundance of the nitrifying genus Nitrobacter (p < 0.05), which coincided with higher rates of nitrate generation. Conversely, biofilms grown on the uncharged hydrophilic P-Ester surface were consistently less productive and had lower diversity than biofilms on the other surfaces. These results indicate that surface chemistry may be a useful design parameter to improve the performance of nitrifying biofilm systems for wastewater treatment and that surface chemistry affects mixed biofilm community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Roveto
- Garver, 2049 East Joyce Boulevard, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72703, United States
| | - Angelica Benavidez
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico, 1 University Boulevard, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Andrew J Schuler
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, University of New Mexico, 1 University Boulevard, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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Xu X, Liu GH, Li Q, Wang H, Sun X, Shao Y, Zhang J, Liu S, Luo F, Wei Q, Sun W, Li Y, Qi L. Optimization nutrient removal at different volume ratio of anoxic-to-aerobic zone in integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148824. [PMID: 34246150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of different volume ratios of the anoxic-to-aerobic zone (Vano/Vaer) on the enhancement of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system. As the Vano/Vaer increased from 1:2 to 2:1, the removal of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients of the IFAS system was improved. At Vano/Vaer = 1:1, the removal effect of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients was optimal, and the average removal rates of COD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP of the system reached 90 ± 3.2%, 98.2 ± 1.4%, 88.9 ± 2.2%, and 89.1 ± 2.7%, respectively. As the volume of the anoxic zone continued to increase, the denitrifying phosphate-accumulating capacity of the system was enhanced, and the highest ratio of specific anoxic and aerobic phosphorus uptake rate could reach 65.3%. Analysis of the molecular evaluation showed that, the proportion of nitrifying bacteria in the biofilm gradually increased as Vano increased. Moreover, denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms (DNPAOs), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (Anammox) bacteria were all enriched all showed enrichment in the biofilm of fiber carriers, which further strengthened the system's synergistic removal of nitrogen and phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Xu
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Qinyu Li
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Hongchen Wang
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Xu Sun
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yuting Shao
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jingbing Zhang
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Fangzhou Luo
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Wenzhuo Sun
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yinghao Li
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Low Carbon Water Environmental Technology Research Center, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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12
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Liu T, Tian R, Li Q, Wu N, Quan X. Strengthened attachment of anammox bacteria on iron-based modified carrier and its effects on anammox performance in integrated floating-film activated sludge (IFFAS) process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147679. [PMID: 34000539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) or integrated floating-film activated sludge (IFFAS) process has been proved to be one of the ideal candidates for anammox application. However, the slow development of anammox bacteria (AnAOB) biofilm and unstable bioactivity always limit their wide application. This study developed a type of novel zero-valent iron (ZVI)-based modified carrier for strengthening AnAOB attachment and enhancing anammox performance. Surface properties analysis indicated the iron-based modified carrier revealed electropositive, less hydrophobic, and higher surface free energy compared with conventional high density polyethylene (HDPE) carrier. These surface parameters were positively correlated with total biomass attachment, anammox biofilm development, EPS secretion and heme-c production. IFFAS process filled with iron-based modified carriers could keep relatively stable and high anammox activity at different influent TN loadings (varied from 0.6 to 1.4 kg/(m3∙d)) and showed potential to keep and recover AnAOB bioactivity after six-months-freeze. Microbial analysis confirmed that anammox genus, Candidatus Kuenenia, had a significant niche preference on iron-based modified carrier than conventional HDPE carrier. As a result, the population of Candidatus Kuenenia in IFFAS process filled with modified carriers that contained 2 wt% or 3 wt% ZVI was 1.34 × 106-1.55 × 106 copies/ mg DNA, increased by 20.7-39.6% comparing with that in the control reactor (1.11 × 106 copies/ mg DNA). This study demonstrated AnAOB could be enriched and maintained in situ with high abundance and bioactivity on the iron-based modified carriers, which would be significant for anammox process wide application in full-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Ruiqi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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13
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Lu Z, Li C, Jing Z, Ao X, Chen Z, Sun W. Implication on selection and replacement of granular activated carbon used in biologically activated carbon filters through meta-omics analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 198:117152. [PMID: 33940501 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biologically activated carbon (BAC) filters are widely used in China and worldwide as an essential part of advanced water treatment. However, it is unclear how to properly select the granular activated carbon (GAC) used in BAC filters and to determine when GAC should be replaced. In this study, five BAC filters, each filled with a different coconut- or coal-based GAC with different physicochemical properties, were run continuously for 400 days. The structure and function of the microbial community and the quantity of specific enzymes in the BAC filters were investigated through an integrated metagenomic/metaproteomic analysis. The results indicated that GAC adsorption still played a major role in removing organic matter once the filters reached a steady-state, which was attributed to bioregeneration, and the contribution of adsorption might be relatively greater than that of biodegradation. GAC with strong adsorption capacity and high bioregeneration potential selected bacterial communities more phylogenetically closely-related than others. The iodine value could be used as an indicator of BAC performance in terms of organic matter removal in the initial stage of the filters, which is dominated by adsorption. However, it could not be used to assess performance at a later stage when adsorption and biodegradation occurred simultaneously. Pore-size distribution characteristics could be chosen as a potential better indicator compared with the current adsorption indicators, dually representing the adsorption performance and the microbial activity, and the proportion of important pore-size of GAC that is more suitable for BAC filter is suggested. GAC with strongly polar terminal groups is more conducive to the removal of ammonium-nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Zibo Jing
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Xiuwei Ao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Zhongyun Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou) Tsinghua, Suzhou215163, China.
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14
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Zhou Y, Kiely PD, Kibbee R, Ormeci B. Effect of polymeric support material on biofilm development, bacterial population, and wastewater treatment performance in anaerobic fixed-film systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128477. [PMID: 33032216 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the performance of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinylchloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic) when used as a support media in anaerobic attached-growth wastewater treatment systems. A combination of physical and chemical (total solids, protein, phosphorus, ammonia, chemical oxygen demand) methods, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and Live/Dead viability assay) and genetic sequencing over a period of 81 days was used to provide an in-depth understanding of the impact of different polymer materials on biofilm formation, bacteria population, and wastewater treatment performance. The results showed that hydrophobic polymeric materials (i.e., PP and PVDF) promoted initial cell adhesion and biofilm formation (<16 days) better than the hydrophilic (i.e., ABS and HDPE) polymeric materials. However, under longer-term and steady-state operation (after 81 days), the hydrophilic materials demonstrated larger mature biofilm quantities and better wastewater treatment performance. The sequencing data showed biofilm bacterial community structures of the ABS and HDPE to be significantly different compared to the other polymeric materials tested. The data showed a positive correlation as well between the phyla present on the ABS and HDPE and COD removal. These results suggest that the type of polymeric material play an important role in biofilm development, bacterial population diversity, and wastewater treatment performance for anaerobic fixed-film systems, and ABS and HDPE performed better than the widely used PVC in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuren Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa ON, K1S5B6, Canada.
| | - Patrick D Kiely
- Island Water Technologies, B-577, 23 Brook Street, Montague, PEI, C0A1R0, Canada.
| | - Richard Kibbee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa ON, K1S5B6, Canada.
| | - Banu Ormeci
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa ON, K1S5B6, Canada.
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15
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Roveto PM, Gupta A, Schuler AJ. Effects of surface skewness on local shear stresses, biofilm activity, and microbial communities for wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124251. [PMID: 33157445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study's objective was to assess attachment surface skewness (asymmetric surface height variation) effects on biofilm development. 3D printed molds were used to create surfaces with 300 μm features to provide opposite skewness but identical roughness values. Surfaces with negative skewness had consistently greater nitrite oxidation and biomass growth than other surfaces during biofilm development when studied in annular bioreactor systems. CFD modelling predicted local shear stress differences that could explain experimental results. 16 s rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed population differences, including relatively high Acinetobacter and Terrimonas fractions on the negative skew surfaces, and PCoA analyses indicated the flat surface populations diverged from the skew surfaces by the study's end. The results suggest skewness is particularly important in systems where biofilms have not overgrown surface features, as in system startup, thin biofilms, and shorter time frame studies, which includes much previous microbial attachment research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Roveto
- University of New Mexico, 1 University Blvd, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
| | - Adwaith Gupta
- Paanduv Applications, 124 Parwana Nagar, Bareilly, UP 243122, India.
| | - Andrew J Schuler
- University of New Mexico, 1 University Blvd, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
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16
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The Effectiveness of Nafion-Coated Stainless Steel Surfaces for Inhibiting Bacillus Subtilis Biofilm Formation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10145001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stainless steel is one of most commonly used materials in the world; however, biofilms on the surfaces of stainless steel cause many serious problems. In order to find effective methods of reducing bacterial adhesion to stainless steel, and to investigate the role of electrostatic effects during the formation of biofilms, this study used a stainless steel surface that was negatively charged by being coated with Nafion which was terminated by sulfonic groups. The results showed that the roughness of stainless steel discs coated with 1% Nafion was similar to an uncoated surface; however the hydrophobicity increased, and the Nafion-coated surface reduced the adhesion of Bacillus subtilis by 75% compared with uncoated surfaces. Therefore, a facile way to acquire antibacterial stainless steel was found, and it is proved that electrostatic effects have a significant influence on the formation of biofilms.
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17
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Li L, Zhang J, Tian Y, Zhan W, Lin Q, Li H, Zuo W. Optimization of nutrient removal of novel electrochemically active carriers by response surface methodology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:122000. [PMID: 31442831 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the nutrient removal capacity of the carriers in the integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system, a novel electrochemically active carrier was developed in this study. The nutrient removal performance of the carrier under different operating conditions was deeply investigated based on response surface methodology. The higher concentration of mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) and lower dissolved oxygen (DO) value inhibited ammonium (NH4+-N) removal performance of the carrier, while promoted total nitrogen (TN) depletion. Lower influent C/N ratio favored denitrification of the carrier. In addition, it was found that the enhanced removal of NH4+-N and TN in IFAS depended not only on the increase of carrier biomass, but also on the electrochemical activity of the novel carrier. Under the most effective conditions, the novel carrier could improve the TN removal efficiency by 19.7% compared with the activated sludge process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Wei Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingyuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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18
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Roveto PM, Schuler AJ. Performance and diversity responses of nitrifying biofilms developed on varied materials and topographies to stepwise increases of aeration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 281:429-439. [PMID: 30851582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrifying biofilms were grown on 3D-printed nylon with three different surface characteristics (flat, millimeter-scale indentations, and indentations with activated carbon (AC) coating) and were subjected to sequentially increasing aeration-based shear to determine the interplay between surface, performance, and microbial populations towards improved design of wastewater treatment media. Biofilms were evaluated for nitrification, biomass detachment, and microbial composition based on Illumina 16s rRNA sequencing. Indentations provided greater stability over flat with respect to population diversity after detachment events but did not improve ammonia removal. AC-surface biofilm had significantly higher removal than uncoated surfaces at low aeration (1.0 L/min, fine) and significantly lower at high aeration (5.0 L/min, coarse). Principal component analyses of microbial communities illustrated temporal shifts over two similar cycles of growth and shear-induced biomass loss, demonstrating that biofilms grew similar consortia across all surfaces, but tended to revert to earlier individual compositions after shear events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Roveto
- University of New Mexico, Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, United States.
| | - Andrew J Schuler
- University of New Mexico, Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, United States.
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19
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Zhang Z, Qiu J, Xiang R, Yu H, Xu X, Zhu L. Organic loading rate (OLR) regulation for enhancement of aerobic sludge granulation: Role of key microorganism and their function. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:630-637. [PMID: 30414591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
According to unique growth characteristics of various environmental microorganism specially with different substrates and their levels, aerobic sludge granulation are studied under different operation mode of influent organic loading rate (OLR), and the EPS component, sludge surface characters and functional microbes are analyzed to achieve a novel process for stable sludge granulation. Results showed that activated sludge cultivated under gradient influent OLR decreasing from 5.5 to 3.5 kgCOD m-3 d-1 achieved complete granulation with average size of 438 μm and exopolysaccharide (PS) to protein (PN) ratio over 2.0. Meanwhile, these granules had excellent flocculability and hydrophobicity with Zeta potential and contact angle of -15 mV and 110°, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) illustrated that microbes with function of EPS secretion enriched with decreased OLR regulation for their suitable specific growth characteristics, then promoted other microbes aggregation and sludge granulation along with the improvement of cellular surface characters and microbial niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianxiang Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ronghao Xiang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haitian Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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20
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Ge J, Wang F, Yin X, Yu J, Ding B. Polybenzoxazine-Functionalized Melamine Sponges with Enhanced Selective Capillarity for Efficient Oil Spill Cleanup. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:40274-40285. [PMID: 30365880 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Severe environmental and ecological issues arising from frequent oil spill accidents have been great worldwide concerns. Considering the abruptness, complex condition, and long-term perniciousness of the spilled oil, the development of economic and versatile materials to quickly remove oil contaminants, especially for oil with high viscosity from a large water body, is of significant importance but remains a big challenge. Herein, we demonstrated a facile strategy to fabricate a versatile hierarchical structured sponge with superhydrophobicity and powerful oil capillarity via the in situ polymerization of a novel phenolic resin (polybenzoxazine) composite open-cell sponges. The tunable hierarchical structures of the as-prepared sponge significantly improved its water repellence and oil capillarity; meanwhile, a plausible mechanism is also proposed. With the merits of high porosity, excellent water repellence, enhanced oil capillarity, and robust mechanical stability, the obtained sponge exhibited an intriguing oil spill cleanup performance with fast oil absorption speed, good recyclability, and high absorption capacity. Besides that, the modified sponge could also be utilized for the separation of oil/water mixture with individual phase and the surfactant-stabilized emulsion solely under the drive of gravity. The robust oil/water separation performance, low cost, and facile synthesis strategy make the resultant sponges a competitive material for the large-scale oil spill emergency remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Ge
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Xia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology , Donghua University , Shanghai 200051 , China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology , Donghua University , Shanghai 200051 , China
| | - Bin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology , Donghua University , Shanghai 200051 , China
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21
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Peng L, Dai X, Liu Y, Sun J, Song S, Ni BJ. Model-based assessment of estrogen removal by nitrifying activated sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 197:430-437. [PMID: 29360597 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Complete removal of estrogens such as estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and ethinylestradiol (EE2) in wastewater treatment is essential since their release and accumulation in natural water bodies are giving rise to environment and health issues. To improve our understanding towards the estrogen bioremediation process, a mathematical model was proposed for describing estrogen removal by nitrifying activated sludge. Four pathways were involved in the developed model: i) biosorption by activated sludge flocs; ii) cometabolic biodegradation linked to ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) growth; iii) non-growth biodegradation by AOB; and iv) biodegradation by heterotrophic bacteria (HB). The degradation kinetics was implemented into activated sludge model (ASM) framework with consideration of interactions between substrate update and microorganism growth as well as endogenous respiration. The model was calibrated and validated by fitting model predictions against two sets of batch experimental data under different conditions. The model could satisfactorily capture all the dynamics of nitrogen, organic matters (COD), and estrogens. Modeling results suggest that for E1, E2 and EE2, AOB-linked biodegradation is dominant over biodegradation by HB at all investigated COD dosing levels. However, for E3, the increase of COD dosage triggers a shift of dominant pathway from AOB biodegradation to HB biodegradation. Adsorption becomes the main contributor to estrogen removal at high biomass concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Peng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, PR China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, PR China
| | - Shaoxian Song
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, PR China.
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22
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Le QN, Yoshimura C, Fujii M. Effects of the chemical characteristics and concentration of inorganic suspended solids on nitrification in freshwater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:3101-3113. [PMID: 29210696 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of inorganic suspended solids (ISS) on nitrification in freshwater samples has been described inconsistently and remains unclear. This study therefore investigated the effects of the chemical characteristics and concentration of ISS on the nitrification rate by focusing on Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter winogradskyi as the two most dominant nitrification species in freshwater. Batch-wise experiments were conducted using three chemically well-characterized ISS (i.e. the clay minerals montmorillonite, sericite, and kaolinite in the concentration range 0-1,000 mg L-1). The results show that the ammonium oxidation rate constant (kNH4) was significantly affected by the ISS type, whereas changes in the ISS concentration had an insignificant effect on kNH4, except for kaolinite. The highest kNH4 was observed in samples containing sericite (kNH4, 0.067 L mg-1 day-1), followed by samples containing montmorillonite (kNH4, 0.044 L mg-1 day-1). The ammonium oxidation rate was low in the control and kaolinite samples. Nitrite oxidation was enhanced in the presence of all types of ISS. The rate constants of ISS-mediated nitrite oxidation (kNO2, 0.13-0.21 L mg-1 day-1) were not significantly different among the three types of ISS, but kNO2 was significantly affected by ISS concentration. Overall, our study indicated various effects of the ISS type and concentration on nitrification and, in particular, a notable positive effect of sericite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Nga Le
- Department of Civil Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M1-4 Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan E-mail:
| | - Chihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Civil Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M1-4 Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan E-mail:
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M1-4 Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan E-mail:
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23
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Klaus S, McLee P, Schuler AJ, Bott C. Methods for increasing the rate of anammox attachment in a sidestream deammonification MBBR. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:110-117. [PMID: 27386988 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Deammonification (partial nitritation-anammox) is a proven process for the treatment of high-nitrogen waste streams, but long startup time is a known drawback of this technology. In a deammonification moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), startup time could potentially be decreased by increasing the attachment rate of anammox bacteria (AMX) on virgin plastic media. Previous studies have shown that bacterial adhesion rates can be increased by surface modification or by the development of a preliminary biofilm. This is the first study on increasing AMX attachment rates in a deammonification MBBR using these methods. Experimental media consisted of three different wet-chemical surface treatments, and also media transferred from a full-scale mainstream fully nitrifying integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor. Following startup of a full-scale deammonification reactor, the experimental media were placed in the full-scale reactor and removed for activity rate measurements and biomass testing after 1 and 2 months. The media transferred from the IFAS process exhibited a rapid increase in AMX activity rates (1.1 g/m(2)/day NH(4)(+) removal and 1.4 g/m(2)/day NO(2)(-) removal) as compared to the control (0.2 g/m(2)/day NH(4)(+) removal and 0.1 g/m(2)/day NO(2)(-) removal) after 1 month. Two out of three of the surface modifications resulted in significantly higher AMX activity than the control at 1 and 2 months. No nitrite oxidizing bacteria activity was detected in either the surface modified media or IFAS media batch tests. The results indicate that startup time of a deammonification MBBR could potentially be decreased through surface modification of the plastic media or through the transfer of media from a mature IFAS process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Klaus
- Civil and Environment Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1436 Air Rail Ave., Virginia Beach, VA 23455, USA E-mail:
| | - Patrick McLee
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Andrew J Schuler
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1436 Air Rail Ave., Virginia Beach, VA 23455, USA E-mail:
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24
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Mazioti AA, Stasinakis AS, Pantazi Y, Andersen HR. Biodegradation of benzotriazoles and hydroxy-benzothiazole in wastewater by activated sludge and moving bed biofilm reactor systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 192:627-635. [PMID: 26093257 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two laboratory scale fully aerated continuous flow wastewater treatment systems were used to compare the removal of five benzotriazoles and one benzothiazole by suspended and attached growth biomass. The activated sludge system was operated under low organic loading conditions. The moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system consisted of two serially connected reactors filled with K3-biocarriers. It was either operated under low or high organic loading conditions. Target compounds were removed partially and with different rates in tested systems. For MBBR, increased loading resulted in significantly lower biodegradation for 4 out of 6 examined compounds. Calculation of specific removal rates (normalized to biomass) revealed that attached biomass had higher biodegradation potential for target compounds comparing to suspended biomass. Clear differences in the biodegradation ability of attached biomass grown in different bioreactors of MBBR systems were also observed. Batch experiments showed that micropollutants biodegradation by both types of biomass is co-metabolic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Athanasios S Stasinakis
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece; Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, B 113, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Ypapanti Pantazi
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Henrik R Andersen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, B 113, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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25
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Al-Kaidy H, Duwe A, Huster M, Muffler K, Schlegel C, Sieker T, Stadtmüller R, Tippkötter N, Ulber R. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering - From the First Ullmann's Article to Recent Trends. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201500008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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26
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Elena G, Igor G. Simultaneous Denitrification and Nitrification in the Lab-scale Oxidation Ditch with Low C/N Ratio. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Al-Kaidy H, Duwe A, Huster M, Muffler K, Schlegel C, Sieker T, Stadtmüller R, Tippkötter N, Ulber R. Biotechnologie und Bioverfahrenstechnik - Vom ersten Ullmanns Artikel bis hin zu aktuellen Forschungsthemen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201400083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Petrie B, McAdam EJ, Hassard F, Stephenson T, Lester JN, Cartmell E. Diagnostic investigation of steroid estrogen removal by activated sludge at varying solids retention time. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 113:101-108. [PMID: 25065796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The impact of solids retention time (SRT) on estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) removal in an activated sludge plant (ASP) was examined using a pilot plant to closely control operation. Exsitu analytical methods were simultaneously used to enable discrimination of the dominant mechanisms governing estrogen removal following transitions in SRT from short (3d) to medium (10d) and long (27d) SRTs which broadly represent those encountered at full-scale. Total estrogen (∑EST, i.e., sum of E1, E2, E3 and EE2) removals which account for aqueous and particulate concentrations were 70±8, 95±1 and 93±2% at 3, 10 and 27d SRTs respectively. The improved removal observed following an SRT increase from 3 to 10d was attributable to the augmented biodegradation of the natural estrogens E1 and E2. Interestingly, estrogen biodegradation per bacterial cell increased with SRT. These were 499, 1361 and 1750ng 10(12) viable cells(-1)d(-1). This indicated an improved efficiency of the same group or the development of a more responsive group of bacteria. In this study no improvement in absolute ∑EST removal was observed in the ASP when SRT increased from 10 to 27d. However, batch studies identified an augmented biomass sorption capacity for the more hydrophobic estrogens E2 and EE2 at 27d, equivalent to an order of magnitude. The lack of influence on estrogen removal during pilot plant operation can be ascribed to their distribution within activated sludge being under equilibrium. Consequently, lower wastage of excess sludge inherent of long SRT operation counteracts any improvement in sorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Petrie
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Ewan J McAdam
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Francis Hassard
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Tom Stephenson
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - John N Lester
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Elise Cartmell
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
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Disruption of putrescine biosynthesis in Shewanella oneidensis enhances biofilm cohesiveness and performance in Cr(VI) immobilization. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:1498-506. [PMID: 24362428 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03461-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although biofilm-based bioprocesses have been increasingly used in various applications, the long-term robust and efficient biofilm performance remains one of the main bottlenecks. In this study, we demonstrated that biofilm cohesiveness and performance of Shewanella oneidensis can be enhanced through disrupting putrescine biosynthesis. Through random transposon mutagenesis library screening, one hyperadherent mutant strain, CP2-1-S1, exhibiting an enhanced capability in biofilm formation, was obtained. Comparative analysis of the performance of biofilms formed by S. oneidensis MR-1 wild type (WT) and CP2-1-S1 in removing dichromate (Cr2O7(2-)), i.e., Cr(VI), from the aqueous phase showed that, compared with the WT biofilms, CP2-1-S1 biofilms displayed a substantially lower rate of cell detachment upon exposure to Cr(VI), suggesting a higher cohesiveness of the mutant biofilms. In addition, the amount of Cr(III) immobilized by CP2-1-S1 biofilms was much larger, indicating an enhanced performance in Cr(VI) bioremediation. We further showed that speF, a putrescine biosynthesis gene, was disrupted in CP2-1-S1 and that the biofilm phenotypes could be restored by both genetic and chemical complementations. Our results also demonstrated an important role of putrescine in mediating matrix disassembly in S. oneidensis biofilms.
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