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Bai Y, Li K, Cao R, Xu H, Wang J, Huang T, Wen G. Changes of characteristics and disinfection by-products formation potential of intracellular organic matter with different molecular weight in metalimnetic oxygen minimum. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141718. [PMID: 38490607 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Metalimnetic oxygen minimum (MOM) occurs in reservoirs or lakes due to stratification and algal blooms, which has low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and leads to the deterioration of water quality. The transformation mechanism and the impact on the water quality of intracellular organic matter (IOM) derived from algae are poorly understood under MOM conditions. In this study, IOM extracted by Microcystis aeruginosa was divided into five components according to molecular weight (MW), and the changes of characteristics and correlated disinfection by-products formation potential (DBPFP) were analyzed and compared under MOM conditions. The removal efficiency of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the <5 kDa fraction (66.6%) was higher than that in the >100 kDa fraction (41.8%) after a 14-day incubation under MOM conditions. The same tendency also occurred in Fmax and DBPFP. The decrease in Fmax was mainly due to the decline in tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like for all IOM fractions. The diversity of microorganisms degrading the MW > 100 kDa fraction was lower than others. Besides low MW fractions, these findings indicated that more attention should be paid to high MW fractions which were resistant to biodegradation under MOM conditions during water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuannan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
| | - Ruihua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
| | - Huining Xu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
| | - Gang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China.
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2
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Kulabhusan PK, Campbell K. Physico-chemical treatments for the removal of cyanotoxins from drinking water: Current challenges and future trends. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170078. [PMID: 38242472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are highly prevalent blue-green algae that grow in stagnant and nutrient-rich water bodies. Environmental conditions, such as eutrophication and human activities, increased the cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater resources worldwide. The excessive bloom formation has also resulted in an alarming surge of cyanobacterial toxins. Prolonged exposure to cyanotoxins is a potential threat to natural ecosystems, animal and human health by the spoilage of the quality of bathing and drinking water. Various molecular and analytical methods have been proposed to monitor their occurrence and understand their global distribution. Moreover, different physical, chemical, and biological approaches have been employed to control cyanobacterial blooms and their toxins to mitigate their occurrence. Numerous strategies have been engaged in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). However, the degree of treatment varies greatly and is primarily determined by the source, water properties, and operating parameters such as temperature, pH, and cyanotoxin variants and levels. A comprehensive compilation of methods, from traditional approaches to more advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), are presented for the removal of intracellular and extracellular cyanotoxins. This review discusses the effectiveness of various physicochemical operations and their limitations in a DWTP, for the removal of various cyanotoxins. These operations span from simple to advanced treatment levels with varying degrees of effectiveness and differing costs of implementation. Furthermore, mitigation measures applied in other toxin systems have been considered as alternative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabir Kumar Kulabhusan
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, UK BT9 5DL; International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Katrina Campbell
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, UK BT9 5DL.
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3
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Kim H, Lee G, Lee CG, Park SJ. Algae development in rivers with artificially constructed weirs: Dominant influence of discharge over temperature. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120551. [PMID: 38460331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Algal blooms contribute to water quality degradation, unpleasant odors, taste issues, and the presence of harmful substances in artificially constructed weirs. Mitigating these adverse effects through effective algal bloom management requires identifying the contributing factors and predicting algal concentrations. This study focused on the upstream region of the Seungchon Weir in Korea, which is characterized by elevated levels of total nitrogen and phosphorus due to a significant influx of water from a sewage treatment plant. We employed four distinct machine learning models to predict chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations and identified the influential variables linked to local algal bloom events. The gradient boosting model enabled an in-depth exploration of the intricate relationships between algal occurrence and water quality parameters, enabling accurate identification of the causal factors. The models identified the discharge flow rate (D-Flow) and water temperature as the primary determinants of Chl-a levels, with feature importance values of 0.236 and 0.212, respectively. Enhanced model precision was achieved by utilizing daily average D-Flow values, with model accuracy and significance of the D-Flow amplifying as the temporal span of daily averaging increased. Elevated Chl-a concentrations correlated with diminished D-Flow and temperature, highlighting the pivotal role of D-Flow in regulating Chl-a concentration. This trend can be attributed to the constrained discharge of the Seungchon Weir during winter. Calculating the requisite D-Flow to maintain a desirable Chl-a concentration of up to 20 mg/m3 across varying temperatures revealed an escalating demand for D-Flow with rising temperatures. Specific D-Flow ranges, corresponding to each season and temperature condition, were identified as particularly influential on Chl-a concentration. Thus, optimizing Chl-a reduction can be achieved by strategically increasing D-Flow within these specified ranges for each season and temperature variation. This study highlights the importance of maintaining sufficient D-Flow levels to mitigate algal proliferation within river systems featuring weirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Faculty of Liberal Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyesik Lee
- School of Computer Engineering and Applied Mathematics, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Gu Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jik Park
- Department of Bioresources and Rural System Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea.
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Qiu X, Wang J, Xin F, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wei J, Sun X, Li P, Cao X, Zheng X. Compensatory growth of Microcystis aeruginosa after copper stress and the characteristics of algal extracellular organic matter (EOM). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141422. [PMID: 38341000 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms can impair drinking water quality due to the concomitant extracellular organic matter (EOM). As copper is often applied as an algicide, cyanobacteria may experience copper stress. However, it remains uncertain whether algal growth compensation occurs and how EOM characteristics change in response to copper stress. This study investigated the changes in growth conditions, photosynthetic capacity, and EOM characteristics of M. aeruginosa under copper stress. In all copper treatments, M. aeruginosa experienced a growth inhibition stage followed by a growth compensation stage. Notably, although chlorophyll-a fluorescence parameters dropped to zero immediately following high-intensity copper stress (0.2 and 0.5 mg/L), they later recovered to levels exceeding those of the control, indicating that photosystem II was not destroyed by copper stress. Copper stress influenced the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, polysaccharides, proteins, excitation-emission matrix spectra, hydrophobicity, and molecular weight (MW) distribution of EOM, with the effects varying based on stress intensity and growth stage. Principal component analysis revealed a correlation between the chlorophyll-a fluorescence parameters and EOM characteristics. These results imply that copper may not be an ideal algicide. Further research is needed to explore the dynamic response of EOM characteristics to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Qiu
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, PR China.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, PR China
| | - Fengdan Xin
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, PR China
| | - Yangtao Wang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, PR China
| | - Zijun Liu
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, PR China
| | - Jinli Wei
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, PR China
| | - Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, PR China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, PR China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, PR China.
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5
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Chen Q, Wang Y, Zhao ZP, Cai W. Emerging algal organic matter from simulated on-line chemical cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes treating algae-containing water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167893. [PMID: 37865257 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Massive reproduction of algae due to the eutrophication of water body poses a new challenge to the water ecosystem. Despite ultrafiltration (UF) acting as an effective method to treat algae-containing waters, on-line chemical cleaning is frequently utilized to sustain the permeability of UF membranes. However, little attention is currently paid on the side-effects of practical on-line chemical cleaning on aqueous environments. Therefore, this work evaluated the generation of algae organic matter triggered by diverse membrane cleaning reagents (i.e., HCl, NaOH, NaClO, SDS and CA), and their subsequent fate in terms of biodegradation and membrane retention. The results indicated that NaOH, HCl and NaClO caused serious damage and lysis of algal cells, leading to the significant release of dissolved organic matter (DOM), while CA and SDS induced negligible DOM release. The occurrence of DOM release was able to cause extra biofouling, thus deteriorating the UF permeability. Furthermore, DOM was characterized in terms of three molecular weight ranges, i.e., high molecular weight (HMW, > 3400 Da), medium molecular weight (MMW, 150-3400 Da), and low molecular weight (LMW, <150 Da). Protein-related substances in the range of HMW and MMW were primarily produced under HCl and NaOH exposures. In contrast, NaClO led to an obvious release of humic-like materials with MMW. During the next round of UF operation, roughly 17 % to 31 % of these released DOM could be removed by via the joint actions of suspended algae biodegradation and fouling layer retention. Nevertheless, roughly 69 % to 83 % of these produced DOM eventually entered into the UF permeate, resulting in the deterioration of permeate quality. Consequently, the detailed mechanisms of DOM generation and subsequent removal by UF were proposed, which re-examined the origins of emerging contaminants in aqueous environment and shed new light on the strategies to ameliorate current practice of on-line membrane chemical cleaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China.
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Bedane DT, Asfaw SL. Microalgae and co-culture for polishing pollutants of anaerobically treated agro-processing industry wastewater: the case of slaughterhouse. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:81. [PMID: 38647578 PMCID: PMC10992203 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaerobically treated slaughterhouse effluent is rich in nutrients, organic matter, and cause eutrophication if discharged to the environment without proper further treatment. Moreover, phosphorus and nitrogen in agro-processing industry wastewaters are mainly removed in the tertiary treatment phase. The objective of this study is to evaluate the pollutant removal efficiency of Chlorella and Scenedesmus species as well as their co-culture treating two-phase anaerobic digester effluent through microalgae biomass production. The dimensions of the rectangular photobioreactor used to conduct the experiment are 15 cm in height, 20 cm in width, and 30 cm in length. Removal efficiencies between 86.74-93.11%, 96.74-97.47%, 91.49-92.91%, 97.94-99.46%, 89.22-94.28%, and 91.08-95.31% were attained for chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, total phosphorous, and orthophosphate by Chlorella species, Scenedesmus species, and their co-culture, respectively. The average biomass productivity and biomass yield of Chlorella species, Scenedesmus species, and their co-culture were 1.4 ± 0.1, 1.17 ± 0.12, 1.5 ± 0.13 g/L, and 0.18, 0.21, and 0.23 g/L*day, respectively. The final effluent quality in terms of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorous attained by Chlorella species and the co-culture were below the permissible discharge limit for slaughterhouse effluent standards in the country (Ethiopia). The results of the study showed that the use of microalgae as well as their co-culture for polishing the nutrients and residual organic matter in the anaerobically treated agro-processing industry effluent offers a promising result for wastewater remediation and biomass production. In general, Chlorella and Scenedesmus species microalgae and their co-culture can be applied as an alternative for nutrient removal from anaerobically treated slaughterhouse wastewater as well as biomass production that can be used for bioenergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejene Tsegaye Bedane
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Seyoum Leta Asfaw
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Tu X, Xu P, Zhu Y, Mi W, Bi Y. Molecular complexation properties of Cd 2+ by algal organic matter from Scenedesmus obliquus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115378. [PMID: 37598544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
A detailed understanding the metals binding with algal organic matter (AOM) is essential to gain a deeper insight into the toxicity and migration of metals in algae cell. However, the molecular complexation mechanism of the metals binding with AOM remains unclear. In this study, cadmium ion (Cd2+) binding properties of AOMs from Scenedesmus obliquus, which included extracellular organic matter (EOM) and intracellular organic matter (IOM), were screened. When Cd2+ < 0.5 mg/L, the accumulation of Cd2+ could reach 40%, while Cd2+ > 0.5 mg/L, the accumulation of Cd2+ was only about 10%. EOM decreased gradually (from 8.51 to 3.98 mg/L), while IOM increased gradually (from 9.62 to 21.00 mg/L). The spectral characteristics revealed that IOM was richer in peptides/proteins and had more hydrophilic than EOM. Both EOM and IOM contained three protein-like components (containing tryptophan and tyrosine) and one humic-like component, and their contents in IOM were higher than that in EOM. The tryptophan protein-like substances changed greatly during Cd2+ binding, and that the tryptophan protein-like substances complexed to Cd2+ before tyrosine protein-like substances in IOM was identified. Moreover, the functional groups of N-H, O-H, and CO in AOM played an important role, and the N-H group was priority to interacts with Cd2+ in the complexing process. More functional groups (such as C-O and C-N) were involved in the metals complexing in EOM than in IOM. It could be concluded that Cd2+ stress promoted the secretion of AOM in Scenedesmus obliquus, and proteins in AOM could complex Cd2+ and alleviate its toxicity to algal cell. These findings provided deep insights into the interaction mechanism of AOM with Cd2+ in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Pingping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wujuan Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yonghong Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Bai L, Liu X, Wu Y, Cheng H, Wang C, Jiang H, Wang A. Distinct seasonal variations of dissolved organic matter across two large freshwater lakes in China: Lability profiles and predictive modeling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 339:117880. [PMID: 37080098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological lability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a crucial indicator of carbon cycle and contaminant attenuation in freshwater lakes. In this study, we employed a multi-stage plug-flow bioreactor and spectrofluorometric indices to characterize the seasonal variations in DOM composition and lability across Poyang Lake (PY) and Lake Taihu (TH), two large freshwater lakes in China with distinct hydrological seasonality. Our findings showed that the export of floodplain-derived organics and river-lake interaction led to a remarkable increase in terrestrial aromatic and humic-like DOM with high molecular weights and long turnover times in PY. Consequently, the labile fraction was extremely low (average LDOC% of 3%) during the rising-to-flood season (spring and summer). Conversely, autochthonous production in TH considerably enriched semi-labile (average SDOC% of 26%) and biodegradable DOM (average BDOC% of 34%) during the phytoplankton bloom to post-bloom season (summer and autumn). This was reflected by the accumulation of low-light-absorbing and protein-like components with high biological and fluorescence indices. In the dry and non-bloom season (winter), the better preservation of humic substances maintained the high molecular weight and humic degree of DOM in PY, while the decay of aquatic plants strengthened autochthonous production, resulting in a similar BDOC% of PY samples (23%-34%) to TH samples (18%-33%). We further applied partial least squares regression using DOM optical indices as predictive proxies, which generated a greater prediction strength for BDOC% (R2 = 0.80) compared to SDOC% (R2 = 0.57) and LDOC% (R2 = 0.28). The regression model identified aromaticity (SUVA254) as the most effective and negative predictor and low molecular weight (A250/A365) as the highly and positively influential factor. Our study provides new evidence that the seasonality of DOM lability profiles is regulated by the trade-off between flow-related variation and phytoplankton production, and presents an approach to describe and predict DOM lability across freshwater lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yuanqiang Wu
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Hongyu Cheng
- Zhengzhou Architectural Design Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Helong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Aijie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Yu H, Yang H, Wei G, Mameda N, Qu F, Rong H. UV/Fe(II)/S(IV) Pretreatment for Ultrafiltration of Microcystis aeruginosa-Laden Water: Fe(II)/Fe(III) Triggered Synergistic Oxidation and Coagulation. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050463. [PMID: 37233524 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafiltration (UF) has been proven effective in removing algae during seasonal algal blooms, but the algal cells and the metabolites can induce severe membrane fouling, which undermines the performance and stability of the UF. Ultraviolet-activated sulfite with iron (UV/Fe(II)/S(IV)) could enable an oxidation-reduction coupling circulation and exert synergistic effects of moderate oxidation and coagulation, which would be highly preferred in fouling control. For the first time, the UV/Fe(II)/S(IV) was systematically investigated as a pretreatment of UF for treating Microcystis aeruginosa-laden water. The results showed that the UV/Fe(II)/S(IV) pretreatment significantly improved the removal of organic matter and alleviated membrane fouling. Specifically, the organic matter removal increased by 32.1% and 66.6% with UV/Fe(II)/S(IV) pretreatment for UF of extracellular organic matter (EOM) solution and algae-laden water, respectively, while the final normalized flux increased by 12.0-29.0%, and reversible fouling was mitigated by 35.3-72.5%. The oxysulfur radicals generated in the UV/S(IV) degraded the organic matter and ruptured the algal cells, and the low-molecular-weight organic matter generated in the oxidation penetrated the UF and deteriorated the effluent. The over-oxidation did not happen in the UV/Fe(II)/S(IV) pretreatment, which may be attributed to the cyclic redox Fe(II)/Fe(III) coagulation triggered by the Fe(II). The UV-activated sulfate radicals in the UV/Fe(II)/S(IV) enabled satisfactory organic removal and fouling control without over-oxidation and effluent deterioration. The UV/Fe(II)/S(IV) promoted the aggregation of algal foulants and postponed the shift of the fouling mechanisms from standard pore blocking to cake filtration. The UV/Fe(II)/S(IV) pretreatment proved effective in enhancing the UF for algae-laden water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Yu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haiyang Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guangmei Wei
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Naresh Mameda
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, College of Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram 522303, India
| | - Fangshu Qu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongwei Rong
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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10
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Rao NRH, Linge KL, Li X, Joll CA, Khan SJ, Henderson RK. Relating algal-derived extracellular and intracellular dissolved organic nitrogen with nitrogenous disinfection by-product formation. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 233:119695. [PMID: 36827767 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) pool from algal-derived extracellular and intracellular organic matter (EOM and IOM) comprises proteins, peptides, free amino acids and carbohydrates, of which, proteins can contribute up to 100% of the DON. Previous reports of algal-derived DON character have focused on bulk properties including concentration, molecular weight and hydrophobicity. However, these can be similar between algal species and between the EOM and IOM even when the inherent molecular structures vary. A focus on bulk character presents challenges to the research on algal-derived nitrogenous-disinfection by-product (N-DBP) formation as N-DBP formation is sensitive to the changes in molecular structure. Hence, the main aim of this study was to characterize algal EOM and IOM-derived DON, specifically proteinaceous-DON, using a combination of bulk and molecular characterization techniques to enable a more detailed exploration of the relationship between the character of algal-derived proteins and the N-DBP formation potential. DON from the EOM and IOM of four commonly found algae and cyanobacteria in natural waters were evaluated, namely Chlorella vulgaris, Microcystis aeruginosa, Dolichospermum circinale, and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. It was observed that 77-96% of total DON in all EOM and IOM samples was of proteinaceous origin. In the proteins, DON concentrations were highest in the high molecular weight fraction of IOM-derived bulk proteins (0.13-0.75 mg N L-1) and low to medium molecular weight fraction of EOM-derived bulk proteins (0.15-0.63 mg N L-1) in all species. Similar observations were also made via sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Solid-state 15N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of the EOM and IOM revealed the existence of common aliphatic and heterocyclic N-groups in all samples, including a dominant 2° amide peak. Species dependent variability was also observed in the spectra, particularly in the EOM; e.g. nitro signals were found only in the Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii EOM. Dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) and N-nitrosamine concentrations from the EOM of the species evaluated in this study were lower than the guideline limits set by regulatory agencies. It is proposed that the dominant 2° amide in all samples decreased N-DBP formation upon chlorination. For chloramination, the presence of nitro groups and aliphatic and heterocyclic N-DBP precursors could cause variable N-nitrosamine formation. Compared to non-algal impacted waters, algae-laden waters are characterised by low organic carbon: organic nitrogen ratios of ∼7-14 and elevated DON and protein concentrations. Hence, relying only on bulk characterization increases the perceived risk of N-DBP formation from algae-laden waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R H Rao
- AOM Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - K L Linge
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Chemistry, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; ChemCentre, Perth, Australia
| | - X Li
- AOM Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - C A Joll
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Chemistry, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - S J Khan
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - R K Henderson
- AOM Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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11
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Is Electrocoagulation a Promising Technology for Algal Organic Matter Removal? Current Knowledge and Open Questions. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202200049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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12
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Moderate KMnO4/Fe(II) pre-oxidation for membrane fouling mitigation in algae-laden water treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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13
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Wang Y, Xu H, Yao H, Liu B, Ding M, Lin T, Mo T, Gao L, Zhang L. Insights into the role of prechlorination in algae-laden raw water distribution process: Algal organic matter and microcystin-LR release, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) aggregation, and pipeline biofilm communities. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130306. [PMID: 36345065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Prechlorination routinely applied for the treatment of algae-laden raw water has received extensive attention due to its influence on water quality and aquatic microbes. In this study, prechlorination experiments with different doses were conducted in sets of model raw water distribution systems. With the elevated dose of chlorine and prolonged hydraulic retention time (HRT), the ratio of intact algal cells decreased, and the stability of water enhanced. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) increased when chlorine dose elevated from 0 to 0.5 mg/L but decreased with elevations from 0.5 to 2.0 mg/L, while UV254 showed a monotonically increasing tendency. DOC, DON and extracellular microcystin-LR increase initially and decrease thereafter with the prolonged HRT. Notably, the effects of prechlorination on extracellular polymeric substances aggregation behavior on pipe walls and microbial community composition was revealed, providing more profound understanding of the community dynamics in this engineered system. This study helped optimize strategies to improve the stability and efficiency of pretreatment of algae-laden water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Hang Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Hao Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Bonan Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Mingmei Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Tianpei Mo
- Hefei Industry Investment Group, Hefei 230071, PR China.
| | - Li Gao
- South East Water, PO Box 2268, Seaford, VIC 3198, Australia.
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 230090, PR China.
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14
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Zhai H, Cheng S, Zhang L, Luo W, Zhou Y. Formation characteristics of disinfection byproducts from four different algal organic matter during chlorination and chloramination. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136171. [PMID: 36037959 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Algal organic matter (AOM) has become an important precursor of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in multiple drinking water sources. In this study, the formation of DBPs during chlorination and chloramination of AOMs from four algal species (Microcystis aeruginosa, Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Cyclotella sp.) under different conditions (disinfectant doses 4.0-8.0 mg/L as Cl2, pH 6.0-8.0, and bromide 0-1.0 mg/L) were simultaneously investigated. Some common and specific characteristics of DBP formation have also been identified. The yields of total DBPs from the four AOMs were 3.28 × 102-6.00 × 102 and 1.97 × 102-3.70 × 102 nmol/mg C during chlorination and chloramination, respectively. The proportions of haloacetic acids (HAAs) in total DBPs were approximately ≥50%. Increasing disinfectant doses or pH only enhanced the yields of trihalomethanes (THMs) during chlorination but enhanced the yields of THMs, HAAs and dihaloacetonitriles (DHANs) during chloramination. Increasing bromide concentrations enhanced THM yields but decreased HAA yields during chlorination and chloramination, in addition to the shift from chlorinated DBPs to brominated DBPs. The DHAN yields of the four AOMs slightly decreased with bromide levels during chlorination, whereas different AOMs showed different trends with bromide levels during chloramination. During chlorination, C. vulgaris and S. obliquus AOMs generated higher THM and DHAN yields (at 4.0-5.0 mg/L as Cl2) than the other AOMs. During chloramination, M. aeruginosa AOM generated higher THM and HAA yields than the other AOMs (at 0.1 mg/L bromide). Cyclotella sp. AOM had the highest THM-bromine substitution factors during chlorination and the highest DHAN-bromine substitution factors during both chlorination and chloramination (at 0.1 mg/L bromide).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering. Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Shengzi Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering. Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tianjin LVYIN Landscape&Ecology Construction Co., Kaihua Road 20, Hi-Tech, Tianjin, 300110, China.
| | - Liangyu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering. Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Wenjing Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering. Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Yanan Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering. Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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15
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Wu M, Ding S, Cao Z, Du Z, Tang Y, Chen X, Chu W. Insights into the formation and mitigation of iodinated disinfection by-products during household cooking with Laminaria japonica (Haidai). WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119177. [PMID: 36206687 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Iodinated disinfection by-products (I-DBPs) have attracted extensive interests because of their higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than their chlorinated and brominated analogues. Our recent studies have firstly demonstrated that cooking with seaweed salt could enhance the formation of I-DBPs with several tens of μg/L level. Here, I-DBP formation and mitigation from the reaction of disinfectant with Laminaria japonica (Haidai), an edible seaweed with highest iodine content, upon simulated household cooking process was systematically investigated. The total iodine content in Haidai ranged from 4.6 mg-I/g-Haidai to 10.0 mg-I/g-Haidai, and more than 90% of iodine is soluble iodide. During simulated cooking, the presence of disinfectant simultaneously decreased iodide by 15.0-32.8% to 2.7-5.8 mg/L and increased total organic iodine by 1.3-10.9 times to 0.5-1.8 mg/L in Haidai soup, proving I-DBP formation. The concentrations of iodinated trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids were at the levels of several hundreds of μg/L and several μg/L, respectively, which are 2-3 orders and 1-2 orders of magnitude more than those in drinking water. Effects of key factors including disinfectant specie, disinfectant dose, temperature and time on I-DBP formation were also ascertained, and temperature and disinfectant specie played a decisive role in the formation and speciation of I-DBPs. In order to avoid the potential health risk from the exposure of I-DBPs in Haidai soup, it is prerequisite to soak and wash dry Haidai sample over 30.0 min before cooking, which could effectively remove major soluble iodide. In general, this study provided the new insight into I-DBP formation from daily household cooking with Haidai and the corresponding enlightenment for inhabitants to eat Haidai in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shunke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhongqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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16
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Du J, Wang C, Zhao Z, Chen R, Zhang P, Cui F. Effect of vacuum ultraviolet/ozone pretreatment on alleviation of ultrafiltration membrane fouling caused by algal extracellular and intracellular organic matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135455. [PMID: 35753419 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Algal blooms in source water can cause algal organic matter (AOM)-related membrane fouling in drinking water treatment. Herein, the effects of vacuum ultraviolet/ozone (VUV/O3) pretreatment on alleviating ultrafiltration membrane fouling caused by AOM, including extracellular organic matter (EOM) and intracellular organic matter (IOM), were investigated systematically. Compared to its sub-processes (UV/O3, O3, VUV, and UV), VUV/O3 pretreatment showed the best performance on AOM removal and membrane fouling mitigation. After VUV/O3 pretreatment, the DOC of EOM and IOM in feed decreased by 51.1% and 26.7%, respectively, and fluorescence components and UV254 of EOM and IOM in feed decreased obviously. Hence, the final specific fluxes of the membranes increased significantly under the impacts of VUV/O3, and VUV/O3 achieved 89.5% and 97.2% mitigation of reversible fouling caused by EOM and IOM, respectively. VUV/O3 pretreatment also reduced the foulants on membrane surface and surface roughness. Moreover, under the effects of reactive oxygen species oxidation, VUV photolysis, and direct O3 oxidation, VUV/O3 decreased organic load and changed the molecular weight distribution, hydrophilicity, and interaction-free energy of AOM, thus mitigating membrane fouling. Furthermore, the effects of O3 dosage and molecular weight cut-off of ultrafiltration membrane on membrane fouling mitigation by VUV/O3 were also investigated. All results highlighted that VUV/O3 pretreatment had huge potential in mitigating AOM-induced membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Du
- College of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Chuang Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- College of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China.
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Fuyi Cui
- College of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
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17
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Kong Y, Ji L, Wang Y, Li J, Lu H, Mo S, Wang X, Zhu L, Xu X, Zheng X. Combined Effect of NZVI and H 2O 2 on the Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa: Performance and Mechanism. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3017. [PMID: 36080055 PMCID: PMC9458205 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to eliminate the harmful cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and the algal organic matters (AOMs) produced by M. aeruginosa, the combined process of nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been carried out, and the removal mechanism has also been clarified. As the initial cyanobacterial cell concentration is 1.0 (±0.05) × 105 cells·mL-1, all the treatments of NZVI, H2O2, and NZVI/H2O2 have inhibition effects on both the Chl a contents and photosynthetic pigments, with the Chl a removal efficiency of 47.3%, 80.5%, and 90.7% on the 5th day, respectively; moreover, the variation of ζ potential is proportional to that of the Chl a removal efficiency. The malondialdehyde content and superoxide dismutase activity are firstly increased and ultimately decreased to mitigate the oxidative stress under all the treatments. Compared with NZVI treatment alone, the oxidation of the H2O2 and NZVI/H2O2 processes can effectively destroy the antioxidant enzyme system and then inactivate the cyanobacterial cells, which further leads to the release of photosynthetic pigments and intracellular organic matters (IOM); in addition, the IOM removal efficiency (in terms of TOC) is 61.3% and 54.1% for the H2O2 and NZVI/H2O2 processes, respectively. Although NZVI is much more effective for extracellular organic matters (EOM) removal, it is less effective for IOM removal. The results of the three-dimensional EEM fluorescence spectra analysis further confirm that both H2O2 and NZVI/H2O2 have the ability to remove fluorescent substances from EOM and IOM, due to the oxidation mechanism; while NZVI has no removal effect for the fluorescent substances from EOM, it can remove part of fluorescent substances from IOM due to the agglomeration. All the results demonstrate that the NZVI/H2O2 process is a highly effective and applicable technology for the removal of M. aeruginosa and AOMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lipeng Ji
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
| | - Jiake Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Hao Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
| | - Shuhong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Xianxun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
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18
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Zhu T, Liu B. Mechanism study on the effect of peracetic acid (PAA), UV/PAA and ultrasonic/PAA oxidation on ultrafiltration performance during algae-laden water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118705. [PMID: 35667168 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, peracetic acid (PAA), ultraviolet (UV)/PAA and ultrasonic (US)/PAA pre-oxidation were applied to enhance ultrafiltration (UF) performance during algae-laden water treatment. The results showed that 10 mg/L PAA, exhibiting an optimal performance with membrane fouling resistance reduced by 76.26%. Low dosage of UV/PAA can effectively control fouling by enhancing the degradation of dissolved organics. Though more radicals were generated with the increasing dosage of PAA during the UV/PAA process, flux deterioration was occurred when PAA dosage over 10 mg/L, owing to a negative correlation between fouling resistance and algal integrity loss. Compared with UV, US exhibited a worse activation effect on PAA with less reactive radicals produced. Even worse, US can stimulate the stress metabolism of algal cells with slightly integrity loss, which then resulted in an exacerbation of permeate quality. Fouling mechanism analysis revealed that the delay formation of cake layer with membrane fouling alleviation mainly through efficient degradation of macromolecular organics. The investigation of synergistic and individual effect of EOM degradation, algae rupture and IOM release on the filtration performance revealed that EOM degradation was the primary mechanism for fouling control while algae rupture rather than IOM release was crucial for membrane fouling aggravation. This indicates that moderate oxidation, with property of high organic degradation and low cell rupture, was the working principal and objectives for algae-laden water treatment. Additionally, it was found that the ·OH radicals produced during UV/PAA process can efficiently degrade representative odors. In general, pretreatments of PAA and low dosages of UV/PAA showed promising prospects in improving the UF performance of algae-laden water and treating algal secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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19
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Keyvan Hosseini M, Keyvan Hosseini P, Helchi S, Pajoum Shariati F. The comparison between two methods of membrane cleaning to control membrane fouling in a hybrid membrane photobioreactor (HMPBR). Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:394-400. [PMID: 35801425 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2095574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of two membrane cleaning methods, such as aeration and addition of granular particles in a hybrid membrane photobioreactor (HMPBR) including Spirulina sp. with the concentration of 1.5 g·L-1 was investigated. Three different spargers [i.e., different diameters of orifice (do): 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mm] and granular particles (i.e., three packing ratios of 0.5, 1, and 1.5%) were used. The results showed that with the increase in granular packing ratio, Rc/Rt decreased significantly. The best result was achieved by combining aeration with an orifice diameter of 1.5 mm and a granular packing ratio of 1.5%, which led to the lowest Rc/Rt value (0.38), while Rc/Rt value with a do of 1.5 mm was 0.68 without particles. In contrast, the ratio of pore blocking resistance to total resistance (Rp/Rt) increased by 4.2% under the combined application of 1.5 mm of orifice diameter and 1.5% of granular packing ratio. The results from protein concentrations in the cake layer showed that as the do became larger, cake protein concentration decreased by 40%, whereas increasing the granular packing ratio from 0.5 to 1.5% increased protein concentration by 60% in the cake layer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Salar Helchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Pajoum Shariati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Yang B, Wen Q, Chen Z, Tang Y. Potassium ferrate combined with ultrafiltration for treating secondary effluent: Efficient removal of antibiotic resistance genes and membrane fouling alleviation. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 217:118374. [PMID: 35398806 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are considered as emerging environmental contaminants, which should be controlled by wastewater treatment plants to prevent their discharge into the environment. However, conventional treatment techniques generally fail to successfully reduce ARGs, and the release of cell-free ARGs was underestimated. In this study, potassium ferrate (Fe(VI)) pretreatment combined with ultrafiltration (UF) process was developed to remove both cell-associated and cell-free ARGs in real secondary effluent, compared to ferric chloride (Fe(III)) and poly-aluminum chloride (PACl) pretreatment processes. It was found that total ARGs especially cell-free ARGs were effectively removed by Fe(VI) oxidation. However, due to the poor settleability of the negatively charged particles formed by Fe(VI) in the secondary effluent, the removal of cell-associated ARGs was less compared to Fe(III) and PACl pretreatments. The combination of Fe(VI) and UF removed the most ARGs (3.26 - 5.01 logs) due to the efficient removal of cell-free ARGs by Fe(VI) (> 2.15 logs) and co-interception of both cell-associated ARGs and Fe(VI) formed particles of the UF. High-throughput sequencing revealed that Fe(VI) decreased the viability and relative abundances of the potential ARGs hosts. Fe(VI)-UF exhibited the best performance on humic-like fluorescent organic matters removal, as well as the least phytotoxicity in the effluent. Moreover, membrane fouling was remarkably alleviated by Fe(VI) pretreatment because (1) Fe(VI) removed macromolecules such as protein-like and polysaccharide-like substances which would block the membrane pores, (2) Fe(VI) improved the hydrophilicity of foulants and reduced the hydrophobic adsorption between foulants and membrane. In short, Fe(VI)-UF is a promising technology to efficiently remove ARGs (especially cell-free ARGs) and alleviate UF membrane fouling in wastewater reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Qinxue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Yingcai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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21
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Yao J, Zhao M, Song L, Chen X, Zhang Z, Gao N. Characteristics of extracellular organic matters and the formation potential of disinfection by-products during the growth phases of M. aeruginosa and Synedra sp. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:14509-14521. [PMID: 34617221 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular organic matter (EOM) is an important precursor of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Nowadays, little is known about changes in molecular weight (MW) and hydrophilic (HPI)/hydrophobic (HPO) fractions of EOM during the entire algal growth phase. In this study, a combined approach of fractionation procedure and parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis was applied to characterize the EOM during the entire growth phase of two algal species (M. aeruginosa and Synedra sp.), and investigated the relationships between fluorescent component and the DBP formation potential (FP) in MW and HPI/HPO fractions. Thereinto, three components (including one protein-like component (C1), one humic-like component (C2), and one fulvic acid-like component (C3)) were identified by the PARAFAC model. For two algae, the HPI and high MW (> 100 kDa) fractions were both the main components of algal EOM in the three growth phases in terms of the dissolved organic carbon. The high MW fraction had more C1 compared with other MW fractions, especially for M. aeruginosa. Besides, the formation risk of EOM-derived DBPs from M. aeruginosa was lower than that from Synedra sp. The result of this study showed the FP of DBPs varied with fluorescent components of algal EOM fractions and also indicated that the humic-like substances were tended to form trichloromethane and the tryptophan-like substances were associated with dichloroacetic acid by canonical correspondence analysis for both two algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 40045, China.
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 40045, China
| | - Lili Song
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 40045, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 40045, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 40045, China
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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22
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Liu W, Yang K, Qu F, Liu B. A moderate activated sulfite pre-oxidation on ultrafiltration treatment of algae-laden water: Fouling mitigation, organic rejection, cell integrity and cake layer property. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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23
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Sun F, Ye S, Xu C, Wang F, Yu P, Jiang H, Huang Q, Cong H. Component structure and characteristic analysis of cyanobacterial organic matters. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:789-798. [PMID: 35166700 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic analysis of cyanobacterial organic matters is an important premise of cyanobacterial organic pollution control. This paper investigated the component structure characteristics of algal organic matters (AOM) secreted and released by cyanobacteria in laboratory culture and actual Taihu Lake environment by spectroscopic quantitative and qualitative methods. Results showed that the secretion amount of AOM was mainly 4-6 μg COD/106 cells during the growth period of Microcystis aeruginosa, and the content ratio of extracellular organic matters (EOM) to intracellular organic matters (IOM) gradually increased from 0.83 in adaptation and logarithmic period to 3.33 in stable and decay period. The secretion of IOM showed a decrease trend, which indicated the decrease of its synthesis or the gradual infiltration and loss caused by cell membrane damage. From the component characteristics, the EOM had lower SUVA value and higher proportion of small molecular substances with molecular weight <3 kDa, indicating its more difficult to separate from water than IOM. Compared with the laboratory culture environment, the actual Taihu Lake resulted in more obvious characteristic heterogeneity of cyanobacteria EOM and IOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Shuo Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Chenhui Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Fengyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Huanglin Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Qinyun Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Haibing Cong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, P. R. China E-mail:
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24
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Du P, Li X, Yang Y, Zhou Z, Fan X, Chang H, Liang H. Regulated-biofilms enhance the permeate flux and quality of gravity-driven membrane (GDM) by in situ coagulation combined with activated alumina filtration. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117947. [PMID: 34910991 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is a critical challenge for drinking water production when treating algae-contaminated surface water. In this study, the impact of in situ coagulation (C), activated alumina filtration (AA) and their combination (CAA) on the performance of gravity-driven membrane (GDM) was systematically assessed during 105-day operation. The results indicated that pretreatments in particular CAA could effectively enhance GDM flux, and the stable fluxes were increased to 3.1, 4.9 and 8.3 L/(m2·h) (LMH) for CGDM, AA/GDM and CAA/GDM, respectively when compared to the control GDM (2.0 LMH). Coagulation was beneficial to formation of thick but loose biofouling layer, while AA filtration was effective to retain foulants including extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), organics, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The CAA/GDM could mostly remove these foulants, and facilitate the proliferation of bacterial genera that could consume EPS, further alleviating membrane fouling. The difference in loosely bound EPS and tightly bound EPS of biofouling layer attributed to the difference of reversible fouling and irreversible fouling, respectively. Morphological observations, variation in functional groups or elements further confirmed the difference in biological layers in different GDM systems. The occurrence of specific bacterial genera involving the potential to degrade protein, chitin and other high molecular weight organics was responsible for contaminant removals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Du
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; China Academy of Building Research, Institute of Building Fire Research, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Haiqing Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China.
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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25
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Sun F, Wang F, Jiang H, Huang Q, Xu C, Yu P, Cong H. Analysis on the flocculation characteristics of algal organic matters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:114094. [PMID: 34775334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Algal organic matters (AOM) produced by cyanobacteria is an important part of the organic pollution and deterioration of water quality. Due to the complex composition, high solubility and easy dispersion of AOM, its flocculation characteristics become an important factor affecting the treatment for cyanobacteria-containing water. In this study, the cyanobacteria both in the Lab- and Taihu-environment were taken as research objects, aiming at the flocculation characteristic analysis of their extracellular organic matters (EOM) and intracellular organic matters (IOM) with the release risks. Results showed that EOM required more coagulant dosage than IOM and its removal effect was relatively lower. The complex water environment factors in Taihu Lake might cause easier separation of cyanobacterial AOM, which increased the removal efficiency of EOM and IOM by 11.05-26.18% and 8.54.-12.8%, respectively. The flocculation efficiency of cyanobacterial AOM was not only affected by the zeta potential driven charge neutralization, but also by the component distribution and content of AOM. Aromatic protein-like microbial metabolites were the main combination targets of coagulants rather than humic acids and fulvic acids. The wider floc particle size range and worse floc uniformity of cyanobacterial EOM was also one of the reasons for its poor coagulation effect. This paper provides an important theoretical basis and data support for the targeted flocculation and removal of cyanobacterial AOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Fengyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Huanglin Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Qinyun Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Chenhui Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Haibing Cong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China.
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26
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Kong Y, Zhang Z, Peng Y. Multi-objective optimization of ultrasonic algae removal technology by using response surface method and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113151. [PMID: 34990992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic technology is an environment-friendly method in algae-laden water treatment with the advantages of wonderful efficiency and no chemical additions. However, ultrasonic technology is costly and can lead to the release of algae organic matter (AOM). Few studies considered algae removal efficiency, water safety, and economy. In this study, a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) integrated method was used to investigate the influence of ultrasound parameters on algal removal efficiency band AOM release and conduct the multi-objective optimization of ultrasonic technology for satisfactory algal removal, environment protection, and improved economy. The maximum algae removal rate (ρ), minimal energy consumption, and minimal UV254 value of algal solution were calculated. Quadratic polynomial models were obtained to illustrate the relationship between ultrasonic parameters and the responses. Ultrasonic frequency was the most important factor affecting algal removal efficiency, and high frequency was beneficial for algal removal because of its contribution to the break of air bubbles. High power density significantly increased the UV254 value, and the concentration of soluble microbial metabolites and humic acid-like substances significantly increased after ultrasound. The optimization solutions calculated by NSGA-II showed low deviation from single-objective optimization solution by RSM, demonstrating that the multi-objective optimization results were reliable. This study presents a novel RSM and NSGA-II combined method in optimizing ultrasonic technology for effective, safe, and economic algal removal. The optimization results can provide references for ultrasonic parameters to be selected in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yazhou Peng
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
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27
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Du J, Shi X, Wang Y, Tang A, Zhang Z, Fu ML, Sun W, Yuan B. Effects of chlorination on the nitrosamines formation from two algae species in drinking water source-M. aeruginosa and C. meneghiniana. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132093. [PMID: 34526274 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of chlorine dosage, reaction time, algae concentration, and cell components, including extracellular organic matter (EOM), intracellular organic matter (IOM) and cell debris (CD), were evaluated on the formation of nitrosamines (NAs), including N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), -Nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA), N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine (NDBA), N-Nitrosopyrollidine (NPyr), during the chlorination of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) and Cyclotella meneghiniana (C. meneghiniana) in drinking water treatment. In addition, the NAs formation from Chlorophyll-a and Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) chlorination was investigated. The results showed that NDMA was the most dominant product of two algae, while only a small yield of NPyr, NMEA and NDBA was generated with NDPA as the least. The nitrosamines formation potential (NAsFP) of M. aeruginosa was positively correlated with the chlorine concentration, while the highest NAsFP of C. meneghiniana was observed at 10 mg/L chlorine. With the increase of reaction time, the NAsFP from C. meneghiniana was higher than M. aeruginosa. The NAs formation enhanced with the increase of cell concentration. Moreover, the impacts of cellular components on the NAsFP followed the order of CD > IOM > EOM and IOM > EOM > CD for M. aeruginosa and C. meneghiniana, respectively. The results indicated that proteins and soluble microbial products (SMPs) were the main cellular components to contribute to NAs formation and IOM was the primary source of NAs precursor for both algae. Chlorination of Chlorophyll-a and MC-LR showed that chlorophyll-a formed only a small yield of NDMA and NDBA, while MC-LR made a more significant contribution to the types of NAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Du
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Shi
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Aixi Tang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Ming-Lai Fu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Atmospheric and Hydrologic Science, St. Cloud State University, 720 4th Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN, 56301, USA
| | - Baoling Yuan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China.
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28
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Photocatalysis-enhanced coagulation for removal of intracellular organic matter from Microcystis aeruginosa: Efficiency and mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Huang X, Liang H, Yu Y, Shi B. The enhanced treatment of algae-laden water by combination of powdered activated carbon and chlorine. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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30
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Pivokonsky M, Kopecka I, Cermakova L, Fialova K, Novotna K, Cajthaml T, Henderson RK, Pivokonska L. Current knowledge in the field of algal organic matter adsorption onto activated carbon in drinking water treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149455. [PMID: 34364285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of algal and cyanobacterial blooms and the related formation of algal organic matter (AOM) is a worldwide issue that endangers the quality of freshwater sources and affects water treatment processes. The associated problems involve the production of toxins or taste and odor compounds, increasing coagulant demand, inhibition of removal of other polluting compounds, and in many cases, AOM acts as a precursor of disinfection by-products. Previous research has shown that for sufficient AOM removal, the conventional drinking water treatment based on coagulation/flocculation must be often accompanied by additional polishing technologies such as adsorption onto activated carbon (AC). This state-of-the-art review is intended to serve as a summary of the most current research on the adsorption of AOM onto AC concerning drinking water treatment. It summarizes emerging trends in this field with an emphasis on the type of AOM compounds removed and on the adsorption mechanisms and influencing factors involved. Additionally, also the principles of competitive adsorption of AOM and other organic pollutants are elaborated. Further, this paper also synthesizes previous knowledge on combining AC adsorption with other treatment techniques for enhanced AOM removal in order to provide a practical resource for researchers, water treatment plant operators and engineers. Finally, research gaps regarding the AOM adsorption onto AC are identified, including, e.g., adsorption of AOM residuals recalcitrant to coagulation/flocculation, suitability of pre-oxidation of AOM prior to the AC adsorption, relationships between the solution properties and AOM adsorption behaviour, or AOM as a cause of competitive adsorption. Also, focus should be laid on continuous flow column experiments using water with multi-component composition, because these would greatly contribute to transferring the theoretical knowledge to practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pivokonsky
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Kopecka
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Cermakova
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Fialova
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Novotna
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Rita K Henderson
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Lenka Pivokonska
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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31
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Liang H, Huang X, Wang H, Xu W, Shi B. The role of extracellular organic matter on the cyanobacteria ultrafiltration process. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 110:12-20. [PMID: 34593183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The membrane fouling caused by extracellular organic matter (EOM) and algal cells and organic matter removal of two typical cyanobacteria (M. aeruginosa and Pseudoanabaena sp.) during ultrafiltration (UF) process were studied in this work. The results showed that EOM had a broad molecular weight (Mw) distribution and the irreversible membrane fouling was basically caused by EOM. Moreover, humic acid and microbial metabolites were major components of EOM of two typical cyanobacteria. Since EOM could fill the voids of cake layers formed by the algal cells, EOM and algal cells played synergistic roles in membrane fouling. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that the CH2 and CH3 chemical bonds may play an important role in membrane fouling caused by EOM. Interestingly, the cake layer formed by the algal cells could trap the organic matter produced by algae and alleviate some irreversible membrane fouling. The results also showed that although the cake layer formed by the algal cells cause severe permeate flux decline, it could play a double interception role with UF membrane and increase organic matter removal efficiency. Therefore, when using UF to treat algae-laden water, the balance of membrane fouling and organic matter removal should be considered to meet the needs of practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huikai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Han Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Weiying Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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32
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Wang Y, Li F, Du J, Shi X, Tang A, Fu ML, Sun W, Yuan B. Formation of nitrosamines during chloramination of two algae species in source water-Microcystis aeruginosa and Cyclotella meneghiniana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149210. [PMID: 34315055 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of two algae species, Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) and Cyclotella meneghiniana (C. meneghiniana), to the formation of nitrosamines (NAs) during chloramination in drinking water treatment was investigated. A variety of factors including contact time, algae cell concentration, chloramine dosages, and algal cell components (cell debris (CD), intracellular organic matter (IOM), and extracellular organic matter (EOM)) were evaluated for influencing the formation of different NAs, such as N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDMA), N-Nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), N-Nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA), and N-nitrosopyridine (NPyr). In addition, NAs formation from Chlorophyll-a and Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) after chloramination was studied. These results showed that the increase of reaction time and algae cell concentration enhanced the formation potential of five types of NAs from both algae species, except for the NDMA formation from C. meneghiniana, which increased first and then decreased with increased reaction time. The generation of NDMA was detected as the dominated type of NAs. The formation of total NAs from both algae species followed same pattern of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of chloramine dosage. The largest NAs formation potential (NAsFP) of M. aeruginosa and C. meneghiniana showed at 1.5 mM and 1.0 mM monochloramine, respectively. Moreover, the impacts of algae cellular components on the formation potential of NAs followed the order of IOM > EOM ≫ CD and IOM ≫ CD > EOM for M. aeruginosa and C. meneghiniana, respectively, indicating that IOM was the main source of NAs precursors for both algae. Furthermore, EEM analysis before and after chloramination confirmed that the soluble microbial products (SMPs) and protein-like substances were the main cellular components that contributed to NAs formation for both algae. The NAs formation potential of Microcystin-LR was much higher than that of Chlorophyll-a chloramination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Jiayu Du
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Shi
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Aixi Tang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Ming-Lai Fu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Atmospheric and Hydrologic Science, St. Cloud State University, 720 4th Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN 56301, United States of America
| | - Baoling Yuan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China.
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Qi J, Ma B, Miao S, Liu R, Hu C, Qu J. Pre-oxidation enhanced cyanobacteria removal in drinking water treatment: A review. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 110:160-168. [PMID: 34593187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial bloom has many adverse effects on source water quality and drinking water production. The traditional water treatment process can hardly achieve satisfactory removal of algae cells. This review examines the impact of pre-oxidation on the removal of cyanobacteria by solid-liquid separation processes. It was reported that the introduction of chemical oxidants such as chlorine, potassium permanganate, and ozone in algae-laden water pretreatment could improve algae removal by the subsequent solid-liquid separation processes. However, over dosed oxidants can result in more serious water quality risks due to significant algae cell lysis and undesirable intracellular organic matter release. It was suggested that moderate pre-oxidation may enhance the removal of cyanobacteria without damaging algae cells. In this article, effects of moderate pretreatment on the solid-liquid separation processes (sedimentation, dissolved air flotation, and membrane filtration) are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Baiwen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiyu Miao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Fu J, Huang CH, Dang C, Wang Q. A review on treatment of disinfection byproduct precursors by biological activated carbon process. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dong H, Zhang H, Wang Y, Qiang Z, Yang M. Disinfection by-product (DBP) research in China: Are we on the track? J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 110:99-110. [PMID: 34593199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) formed during water disinfection has drawn significant public concern due to its toxicity. Since the first discovery of the trihalomethanes in 1974, continued effort has been devoted on DBPs worldwide to investigate the formation mechanism, levels, toxicity and control measures in drinking water. This review summarizes the main achievements on DBP research in China, which included: (1) the investigation of known DBP occurrence in drinking water of China; (2) the enhanced removal of DBP precursor by water treatment process; (3) the disinfection optimization to minimize DBP formation; and (4) the identification of unknown DBPs in drinking water. Although the research of DBPs in China cover the whole formation process of DBPs, there is still a challenge in effectively controlling the drinking water quality risk induced by DBPs, an integrated research framework including chemistry, toxicology, engineering, and epidemiology is especially crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Kim JH, Shin JK, Lee H, Lee DH, Kang JH, Cho KH, Lee YG, Chon K, Baek SS, Park Y. Improving the performance of machine learning models for early warning of harmful algal blooms using an adaptive synthetic sampling method. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 207:117821. [PMID: 34781184 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many countries have attempted to monitor and predict harmful algal blooms to mitigate related problems and establish management practices. The current alert system-based sampling of cell density is used to intimate the bloom status and to inform rapid and adequate response from water-associated organizations. The objective of this study was to develop an early warning system for cyanobacterial blooms to allow for efficient decision making prior to the occurrence of algal blooms and to guide preemptive actions regarding management practices. In this study, two machine learning models: artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM), were constructed for the timely prediction of alert levels of algal bloom using eight years' worth of meteorological, hydrodynamic, and water quality data in a reservoir where harmful cyanobacterial blooms frequently occur during summer. However, the proportion imbalance on all alert level data as the output variable leads to biased training of the data-driven model and degradation of model prediction performance. Therefore, the synthetic data generated by an adaptive synthetic (ADASYN) sampling method were used to resolve the imbalance of minority class data in the original data and to improve the prediction performance of the models. The results showed that the overall prediction performance yielded by the caution level (L1) and warning level (L2) in the models constructed using a combination of original and synthetic data was higher than the models constructed using original data only. In particular, the optimal ANN and SVM constructed using a combination of original and synthetic data during both training (including validation) and test generated distinctively improved recall and precision values of L1, which is a very critical alert level as it indicates a transition status from normalcy to bloom formation. In addition, both optimal models constructed using synthetic-added data exhibited improvement in recall and precision by more than 33.7% while predicting L-1 and L-2 during the test. Therefore, the application of synthetic data can improve detection performance of machine learning models by solving the imbalance of observed data. Reliable prediction by the improved models can be used to aid the design of management practices to mitigate algal blooms within a reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hwi Kim
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Plant Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ki Shin
- Office for Busan Region Management of the Nakdong River, Korea Water Resources Corporation (K-water), Busan 49300, Republic of Korea
| | - Hankyu Lee
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Plant Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyon Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gu Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangmin Chon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Energy and Infra System, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Baek
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yongeun Park
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Plant Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Wei P, Fu H, Xu Z, Zhu D, Qu X. Prediction of hydrophobic organic compound partition to algal organic matter through the growth cycle of Microcystis aeruginosa. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117827. [PMID: 34340178 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Algal organic matter (AOM) is an important source for the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool in aquatic systems, particularly in eutrophic waters. In this study, we reported the dynamic pattern of AOM hydrophobicity during the growth cycle of Microcystis aeruginosa using the partition coefficients of AOM in the aqueous two-phase system (KATPS) as a simple quantitative measure. AOM hydrophobicity had significant and non-monotonic changes during the growth cycle. It increased in the lag and early exponential phases, then decreased in the late exponential and stationary phases, and rebounded in the decline phase. AOM hydrophobicity determined using the resin fractionation, SUVA254, and nuclear magnetic resonance methods shared similar non-monotonic pattern. Nevertheless, the correlations among these indicators were poor. The partition behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorobenzenes to AOM was assessed based the KATPS dataset and the two-phase system (TPS) model. The TPS model showed good prediction power for the partition behavior of AOM with an RMSE of 0.23, suggesting that it was applicable to AOM from Microcystis aeruginosa. Our results indicate that algae activity will influence the overall hydrophobicity of the DOM pool depending on the growth phase, resulting in changes in the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Heyun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zhaoyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Dongqiang Zhu
- School of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
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Du Z, Jia R, Song W, Wang Y, Zhang M, Pan Z, Sun S. The characteristic of N-nitrosodimethylamine precursor release from algal organic matter and degradation performance of UV/H 2O 2/O 3 technology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148739. [PMID: 34328925 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic water releases algal organic matter (AOM), which contains large amount of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and is difficult to be removed effectively by conventional treatment processes (e.g., coagulation and sand filtration) because of its high hydrophilicity. Moreover, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) can be generated by the reaction of AOM with disinfectants in the subsequent disinfection process. In this study, the formation of NDMA from different AOM components was explored and the control of algal-derived NDMA precursors by UV/H2O2/O3 was evaluated. The results showed that the hydrophilic and polar components of AOM with the low molecular weight had higher NDMA yields. UV-based advanced oxidation process (AOPs) is effective in degrading NDMA precursors, while the removal rate can be affected greatly by UV doses. The removal rate of NDMA precursors by UV/H2O2/O3 is higher than by UV/H2O2 or UV/O3 which can reach 95% at the UV dose of 400 mJ/cm2. An alkaline environment reduces the oxidation efficiency of UV/H2O2/O3 technology, while an acidic environment is conducive to its function. Inorganic anions such as HCO3-, SO42-, Cl- and NO3- are potential to compete with target algal-derived NDMA precursors for the oxidants reaction and inhibit the degradation/removal of these precursors. The degradation of algal-derived NDMA precursors by UV/H2O2/O3 is mainly accomplished by the oxidation of DON with secondary amide groups, and the main degradation mechanism by UV/H2O2/O3 was through the initial decomposition of macromolecular organic compounds such as biopolymers and humic substances and the further degradation of resulting small molecular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Du
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, 250101 Jinan, China; Shandong Province Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Center, 250101 Jinan, China
| | - Ruibao Jia
- Shandong Province Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Center, 250101 Jinan, China.
| | - Wuchang Song
- Shandong Province Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Center, 250101 Jinan, China
| | - Yonglei Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, 250101 Jinan, China; Shandong Province Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Center, 250101 Jinan, China.
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, 250101 Jinan, China; Shandong Province Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Center, 250101 Jinan, China
| | - Zhangbin Pan
- Shandong Province Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Center, 250101 Jinan, China; College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580 Qingdao, China
| | - Shaohua Sun
- Shandong Province Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Center, 250101 Jinan, China
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Wang K, Li P, He C, Shi Q, He D. Density currents affect the vertical evolution of dissolved organic matter chemistry in a large tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir during the water-level rising period. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 204:117609. [PMID: 34509866 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reservoirs have boomed for clean energy in recent decades and interrupted the natural river ecosystem severely. Riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM), which regulates aquatic food web dynamics, water quality, and carbon storage, has been significantly impacted by reservoir construction. However, the vertical evolution of DOM properties and its controlling mechanisms in large reservoirs with hydrological management are not well investigated, limiting the understanding of carbon cycling (e.g., CO2 emissions and carbon burial) in reservoirs. To fill this knowledge gap, multiple complementary techniques including optical spectroscopy and ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry were applied to track composition and property changes of DOM along the vertical profile in a large deep tributary of the world largest Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) during the water-level rising period. The results indicated that middle and bottom water have relatively more terrestrial input and recalcitrant DOM, while surface water has relatively more autochthonous input and labile DOM. Integrated with the comprehensive analysis of DOM chemistry in a high-resolution vertical profile, the primary production and photodegradation in surface water, the density currents induced water intrusion from mainstream to tributaries, in middle water, and the biodegradation in bottom water are main factors controlling the vertical heterogeneity of reservoir DOM during the water-level rising period. This vertical increase of DOM recalcitrance likely contributes to the enhancement of organic carbon burial in TGR during the water-level rising period. All in all, this study provides new insight into the vertical variations of riverine DOM induced by reservoir construction, and emphasizes the important role of reservoir construction in carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Penghui Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Changping District, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Changping District, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Ding He
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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40
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Huang Y, Ding S, Li L, Liao Q, Chu W, Li H. Ultrasound-enhanced coagulation for Microcystis aeruginosa removal and disinfection by-product control during subsequent chlorination. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117334. [PMID: 34161875 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound techniques have gained increased interest in environmental remediation because of their promising performance and reagent-free nature. This study investigated the effects of ultrasound-coagulation on Microcystis aeruginosa removal, disinfection by-product (DBP) formation during subsequent chlorination, and acute toxicity and DBP-associated toxicity variations in chlorinated effluents. Compared with coagulation using polymeric aluminum chloride (5 mg-Al/L) alone, ultrasound-coagulation showed significantly enhanced turbidity removal, with the removal ratio increasing from 51% to 87%-96%. Although the addition of ultrasound may not substantially improve and even deteriorate the coagulation removal of DOC following the leakage of intracellular organic matter, the significantly improved DBP control was achieved as the cells dominated DBP formation. With the addition of ultrasound, the chlorine demand, aggregate DBP concentration and total organic halogen concentration reductions in the chlorinated M. aeruginosa solution increased from 15%, 47% and 52% (coagulation alone), respectively, to 56%-78%, 56%-80% and 68%-89%. The enhanced DBP mitigation was mainly attributed to the enhanced algal removal. Similarly, the acute toxicity and DBP-associated toxicity of chlorinated effluents further decreased from 100% and 0.0092 (coagulation alone) to 30%-88% and 0.0029-0.0060. Therefore, ultrasound-enhanced coagulation is a promising strategy for urgent algal removal, DBP mitigation and toxicity abatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangrui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shunke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qingying Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Huaizheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Xu M, Wang X, Zhou B, Zhou L. Pre-coagulation with cationic flocculant-composited titanium xerogel coagulant for alleviating subsequent ultrafiltration membrane fouling by algae-related pollutants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124838. [PMID: 33352421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In-line coagulation-ultrafiltration is reliable to achieve the safe disposal of algae-laden water with alleviated membrane fouling. Poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDADMAC)-composited titanium xerogel (TXC) coagulant (abbreviated as P-T) was reported to possess better resistance to organic matter loads, and its mitigation effect on subsequent ultrafiltration efficiency towards algae-related pollutants was investigated in this study. Results showed that P-T coagulation effectively mitigated membrane fouling over pH 5.0-9.0, whereas TXC only worked better under acidic condition. Acidic environment facilitated algae and organic matter removal by pre-coagulation, thus greatly improving ultrafiltration efficiency. Under neutral and alkaline conditions, PDADMAC portion in P-T enhanced the coagulation removal towards algae and protein constituents, and simultaneously promoted the formation of flocs with unique porous structure, which jointly contributed to its high-efficient alleviation ability. Nevertheless, PDADMAC increased adhesion force between P-T coagulated flocs and membrane surface, thus slightly reducing the recovery rate of membrane flux at pH 5.0. Pearson correlation analyses implied that removing algae cells would prevent reversible fouling-induced flux decline, whereas eliminating organic matter could greatly promote ultrafiltration efficiency via mitigating irreversible fouling. Therefore, elevating removal efficiency of organic matters is still the major objective for ultrafiltration pretreatment technologies and the optimization direction towards TXC-based coagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Lixiang Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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Yang K, Yin J, Zhu T, Liu B, Li G, Huang B, Shi Z, Deng L. Effect of boron-doped diamond anode electrode pretreatment on UF membrane fouling mitigation in a cross-flow filtration process. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liang H, Xu W, Shi B, Huang X. The role of interactions between extracellular organic matter and humic substances on coagulation-ultrafiltration process. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128501. [PMID: 33039692 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Removals of extracellular organic matter (EOM) derived from cyanobacterium M. aeruginosa and humic acid (HA) in single-component and bi-component systems and the interactions during the coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) process were investigated in this study. In a single-component system, only 23% EOM could be removed by alum at dose as high as 6 mg/L, which induced serious membrane fouling in the following UF process. Interestingly, higher EOM removal efficiency was achieved (increase by about 20%) with the existence of HA and EOM-HA achieved less decline of permeate flux compared with individual EOM C-UF process. Zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that the interactions of HA and EOM can strengthen charge neutralization and reduce CH2 chemical bonds, which had a positive effect on the coagulation process. In addition, EOM-HA floc had a more open and looser structure than EOM floc, which was more favorable in the UF process. The extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory indicated that the acid-base interaction energy was mainly reduced, thereby alleviating membrane fouling. The study showed this beneficial interaction between the HA and EOM would enhance the EOM removal efficacy by coagulation and release the membrane fouling caused by EOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huikai Liang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Weiying Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China.
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Chen H, Tsai KP, Liu Y, Tolić N, Burton SD, Chu R, Karanfil T, Chow AT. Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter from Wildfire-induced Microcystis aeruginosa Blooms controlled by Copper Sulfate as Disinfection Byproduct Precursors Using APPI(-) and ESI(-) FT-ICR MS. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 189:116640. [PMID: 33260105 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper-based algaecides are usually used for controlling algae bloom triggered by the elevated levels of nutrients after wildfires, resulting in the promoted reactivity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in forming disinfectant byproducts (DBPs). To identify the best strategy for handling this source water, we employed Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to characterize the DBPs precursors after 4-d Microcystis aeruginosa bloom cultured with black (BE) and white (WE) ash water extracts under 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg-Cu/L. The disappeared DOM during disinfections, primarily composed of O1-14, N1O1-14 and N2O1-14, had a higher average molecular weight (MW) and double-bond equivalent (DBE), relative to DOM after incubation, regardless of disinfects and Cu2+. This result suggests assigned features with larger MW and more double bonds/rings as preferable DBP precursors. We observed a larger number of disappeared assigned features with low DBE of 1-10 in control without Cu2+ addition, possibly explaining lower DOM chlorine reactivity in forming carbonaceous and oxygenated DBPs, relative to the treatments with Cu2+ addition. We found a larger number of O1-14 and N1O1-14 with DBE=5-16 in the treatments, potentially explaining higher DOM chloramine reactivity in forming N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), compared to the control. Our study suggests removing oxygen- and nitrogen-containing organic compounds with more double bonds/aromatic rings as a preferable strategy for handling source water after controlling post-fire algae blooms with copper sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson University, South Carolina 29442, United States; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States
| | - Kuo-Pei Tsai
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson University, South Carolina 29442, United States
| | - Yina Liu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Washington 99354, United States; Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nikola Tolić
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Sarah D Burton
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Rosalie Chu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Tanju Karanfil
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States
| | - Alex T Chow
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson University, South Carolina 29442, United States; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States.
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45
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Investigation of membrane fouling mechanism of intracellular organic matter during ultrafiltration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1012. [PMID: 33441648 PMCID: PMC7806927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling mechanism of intracellular organic matter (IOM) from Chlorella vulgaris (CV) and Microcystis aeruginosa (MA). Both CV- and MA-IOM caused severe membrane fouling during UF; however, there were significant differences in the membrane fouling by these two materials. Neutral hydrophilic (N-HPI) compounds were the organics that caused the most severe membrane fouling during CV-IOM filtration, whereas the MA-IOM membrane fouling was induced by mainly hydrophobic (HPO) organics. From an analysis based on Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory, it was found that the interaction energy between the membrane and foulants in the later stage of filtration was the major factor determining the efficiency of filtration for both CV-IOM and MA-IOM. The TPI organics in CV-IOM fouled the membrane to a more severe degree during the initial filtration flux; however, when the membrane surface was covered with CV-IOM foulants, the N-HPI fraction of CV-IOM caused the most severe membrane fouling because its attractive energy with the membrane was the highest. For MA-IOM, regardless of the initial filtration flux or the late stage of filtration, the HPO organics fouled the membrane to the greatest extent. An analysis of modified filtration models revealed that cake layer formation played a more important role than other fouling mechanisms during the filtration of CV-IOM and MA-IOM. This study provides a significant understanding of the membrane fouling mechanism of IOM and is beneficial for developing some strategies for membrane fouling control when treating MA and CV algae-laden waters.
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Kong X, Ma J, Le-Clech P, Wang Z, Tang CY, Waite TD. Management of concentrate and waste streams for membrane-based algal separation in water treatment: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:115969. [PMID: 32721703 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Frequent occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and red tides in freshwater and seawater poses serious threats to water treatment and drives the application of membrane-based technologies in algal separation. Despite the high removal efficiency of algal cells and their metabolites (e.g. organic matter and toxins) by membranes, the generation of concentrate and waste streams presents a major challenge. In this paper, we review the scenarios under which membrane-based processes are integrated with algal separation, with particular attention given to (i) drinking water production and desalination at low algal concentrations and (ii) cyanobacteria-laden water treatment/desalination. The concentrate and waste streams from backwashing and membrane cleaning in each scenario are characterised with this information facilitating a better understanding of the transport of algal cells and metabolites in membrane processes. Current strategies and gaps in managing concentrate and waste streams are identified with guidance and perspectives for future studies discussed in an Eisenhower framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtong Kong
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Jinxing Ma
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Pierre Le-Clech
- UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Chuyang Y Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Mao J, An X, Gu Z, Zhou J, Liu H, Qu J. Visualizing the Interfacial Charge Transfer between Photoactive Microcystis aeruginosa and Hydrogenated TiO 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10323-10332. [PMID: 32650637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exploring photoactive biotic-abiotic conjugations is of great importance for a variety of applications, but it remains difficult to probe the interfacial transfer of photoinduced charge carriers. In this work, Kelvin probe force microscopy, together with fluorescence imaging technique, were used to visually observe the spatial distribution and interfacial behavior of photocarriers in Microcystis aeruginosa/TiO2 hybrids. Experimental investigations suggested that photosynthetic microalgae cells were prone to trap photoholes from TiO2 photocatalysts. Oxygen vacancy defects in semiconductor exhibited significant impact on the charge migration, as the surface photovoltage of hydrogenated TiO2/microalgae hybrid was much higher than the pristine system. Profiting from the bioenhanced charge separation, biotic-abiotic architecture presented remarkably increased activity for photocatalytic inactivation of microalgae microorganisms. This work not only highlights the visual techniques for understanding the charge transfer around biotic-abiotic interface, but also provides a bioenhanced conjugation for the photocatalytic elimination of microorganisms in water treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang An
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhenao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
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48
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Algae-Laden Fouling Control by Gravity-Driven Membrane Ultrafiltration with Aluminum Sulfate-Chitosan: The Property of Floc and Cake Layer. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12071990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) ultrafiltration is a promising water treatment method due to its low energy consumption and low maintenance. However, the low stable permeability in algae-laden water treatment is currently limiting its wider application. With the ultimate goal of increasing permeability, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a composite coagulant of aluminum sulfate-chitosan (AS-CS) on the GDM filtration performance. In parallel tests with a single AS coagulant and without pre-coagulation, the analysis of membrane fouling resistance and the membrane fouling mechanism were evaluated. The results indicated that the AS-CS/GDM system can alleviate 23.74% and 58.80% membrane fouling, respectively, compared with AS/GDM and the GDM system. The AS-CS/GDM system can effectively remove humic-like substances having a molecular weight (MW) of 3–100 kDa, resulting in removal of 98.32% of algae cells and removal of 66.25% of dissolved organic carbon; the AS-CS/GDM system thereby improved the concentration of attached biomass on the membrane surface with the stronger biodegradability of organic matters. The application of AS-CS pre-coagulation in the GDM process could enhance the proliferation of microorganisms and the removal of low molecular weight humic-like substances. Therefore, the AS-CS/GDM system is a potentially important approach for algae-laden water treatment.
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49
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Zhu Y, Ling J, Li L, Guan X. The effectiveness of bisulfite-activated permanganate technology to enhance the coagulation efficiency of Microcystis aeruginosa. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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Wei C, Zhu Y, Zhang Y. Effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the dissolved organic matter released by Prorocentrum donghaiense: Results of spectroscopic studies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110447. [PMID: 32171959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many reports have investigated the effects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the properties of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM), which could significantly altered its binding affinity for contaminants. However, the effects of CNTs on algogenic DOM are largely unknown. To address this issue, the properties of algogenic DOM released by Prorocentrum donghaiense (P. donghaiense-DOM) under the stress from 0.1 to 10.0 mg/L graphitized multiwalled CNTs were nondestructively characterized by the use of UV-visible absorption and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices with parallel factor analysis. The results showed that the changes in the properties of P. donghaiense-DOM were highly dependent on the CNTs concentration. The properties of P. donghaiense-DOM under 0.1 mg/L CNTs treatment showed no obvious differences compared to the control. The addition of 0.5-10.0 mg/L CNTs changed the release pathways of P. donghaiense-DOM, resulting in significant alterations to the properties of P. donghaiense-DOM. The aromaticity, molecular weight, protein-like and humic-like components were enhanced under stress from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L CNTs on day 4, which can be ascribed to the overproduction of extracellular DOM (EDOM) that occurred in response to the significant increase in intracellular ROS levels. CNTs at 5.0 and 10.0 mg/L significantly induced membrane damage to P. donghaiense on day 4, which led to the leakage of intracellular DOM (IDOM) and then increased the molecular weight and protein-like components but decreased the aromaticity and humic-like components. After the P. donghaiense recovered to its normal growth under 0.5-10.0 mg/L CNTs treatments, the changes in the properties of P. donghaiense-DOM were attributed to the release pathways of P. donghaiense-DOM that were governed by the production of EDOM and the leakage of IDOM in the stationary and declining phases, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yaxian Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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