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Iancu VI, Chiriac LF, Paun I, Pirvu F, Dinu C, Kim L, Pascu LF, Niculescu M. Occurrence and distribution of azole antifungal agents in eight urban Romanian waste water treatment plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170898. [PMID: 38369155 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Azole compounds are utilized to combat fungal infections in plants to protect them and also used for treating mycosis in humans. The LC-MS/MS method is a technique that combines liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for analysis of twelve azole compounds from wastewater (influent, effluent) and sewage sludge. The compounds were isolated from waste water using automatic extraction in the solid phase. Sludge samples were dried by lyophilization, after which they were subjected to ultrasound extraction with methanol. The quantification limits ranged from 0.3 ng/L (clotrimazole-CLO and prochloraz-PRO) to 1.5 ng/L (tetraconazole-TEB and penconazole-PEN), for wastewater samples and for sewage sludge, the LOQs ranged from 0.1 ng/g to 0.6 ng/g. High concentrations of climbazole-CLI (207-391 ng/L), tebuconazole (92-424 ng/L), and clotrimazole (6.9-93-ng/L) were observed in influent samples of the 8 urban wastewater treatment plants, followed by fluconazole (49.3-76.8 ng/L), and prochloraz (7.3-72 ng/L). The ∑Azoles had a maximum of 676 ng/L in the Galati effluent, followed by the Bucharest station 357 ng/L, and 345 ng/L in the Braila effluent. The highest value of the daily mass loading (input) level was observed for climbazole, 265 mg/day/1000 in Iasi station, followed by tebuconazole, 238 mg/day/1000 people in the Bucharest station, and 203 mg/day/1000 people for climbazole in the Targoviste station. The daily mass emission presented values between 0.7 and 247 mg/day/1000 people. The highest emissions were observed for climbazole, 247 mg/day/1000 people in Braila station; 174 mg/day/1000 people in the Iasi station and 129 mg/day/1000 people in the Bucharest station. The concentrations of climbazole detected in the effluent can present a high risk for the plants Lemna minor and Navicula pelliculosa. Clotrimazole may present a high risk to the plant Desmodesmus subspicatus and to the invertebrate Daphnia magna. PRO may present high risk to the invertebrate Mysidopsis Bahia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile-Ion Iancu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 71 -73, Sector 6, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Laura-Florentina Chiriac
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 71 -73, Sector 6, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iuliana Paun
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 71 -73, Sector 6, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florinela Pirvu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 71 -73, Sector 6, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Dinu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 71 -73, Sector 6, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lidia Kim
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 71 -73, Sector 6, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luoana Florentina Pascu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 71 -73, Sector 6, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marcela Niculescu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 71 -73, Sector 6, Bucharest, Romania
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Lu ZJ, Shi WJ, Gao FZ, Ma DD, Zhang JG, Li SY, Long XB, Zhang QQ, Ying GG. An azole fungicide climbazole damages the gut-brain axis in the grass carp. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133463. [PMID: 38219582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Azole antifungal climbazole has frequently been detected in aquatic environments and shows various effects in fish. However, the underlying mechanism of toxicity through the gut-brain axis of climbazole is unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of climbazole at environmental concentrations on the microbiota-intestine-brain axis in grass carp via histopathological observation, gene expression and biochemical analyses, and high-throughput sequencing of the 16 S rRNA. Results showed that exposure to 0.2 to 20 μg/L climbazole for 42 days significantly disrupted gut microbiota and caused brain neurotoxicity in grass carp. In this study, there was an alteration in the phylum and genus compositions in the gut microbiota following climbazole treatment, including reducing Fusobacteria (e.g., Cetobacterium) and increasing Actinobacteria (e.g., Nocardia). Climbazole disrupted intestinal microbial abundance, leading to increased levels of lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the gut, serum, and brain. They passed through the impaired intestinal barrier into the circulation and caused the destruction of the blood-brain barrier through the gut-brain axis, allowing them into the brain. In the brain, climbazole activated the nuclear factor kappaB pathway to increase inflammation, and suppressed the E2-related factor 2 pathway to produce oxidative damage, resulting in apoptosis, which promoted neuroinflammation and neuronal death. Besides, our results suggested that this neurotoxicity was caused by the breakdown of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, mediated by reduced concentrations of dopamine, short chain fatty acids, and intestinal microbial activity induced by climbazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jie Lu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jun Shi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Fang-Zhou Gao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong-Dong Ma
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin-Ge Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Si-Ying Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Long
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Wattanayon R, Proctor K, Jagadeesan K, Barden R, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. An integrated One Health framework for holistic evaluation of risks from antifungal agents in a large-scale multi-city study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165752. [PMID: 37499814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
A new framework for retrospective mass spectral data mining for antifungal agents (AFs) and Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) was developed as part of One Health framework to tackle risks from AFs. A large scale, multi-city study was undertaken in South-West England. Key drivers of AFs in the catchment were identified with communal wastewater discharges being the main driver for human AFs (fluconazole, ketoconazole) and agricultural runoff being the main driver for pesticide AFs (prochloraz, prothioconazole and tebuconazole). Average WBE-estimated human used fluconazole and ketoconazole PNDIs (population normalised daily intake) exceeded 300 mg day-1 1000 inh-1 and 2000 mg day-1 1000 inh-1. This is much higher than PNDPs (population normalised daily prescriptions <40 mg day-1 1000 inh-1 and <80 mg day-1 1000 inh-1 for fluconazole and ketoconazole respectively). This was expected due to both prescription and over-the-counter usage, and both oral and topical applications. Pesticide AF, prothioconazole had PNDIs <40,000 mg day-1 1000 inh -1, which gave intake: 0.43, 0.26, 0.07 mg kg-1 in City A, B, and C, likely due to accounting for external/non-human sources. This is higher than the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.01 mg kg-1bw day-1, which warrants further study. Intake per kg of body weight estimated using tebuconazole was 0.86, 1.39, 0.12, 0.13, and 2.7 mg kg-1 in City A-E respectively and is likely due to external/non-human sources. Intake calculated using its metabolite was 0.02 and 0.01 mg kg-1 in City B and C respectively, which aligned with ADI (0.03 mg kg-1bw day-1). The environmental risk assessment of AFs indicated low/medium risk from fluconazole, prochloraz, and tebuconazole, medium risk from epoxiconazole, prothioconazole's metabolite, and tebuconazole, and high risk for prothioconazole in river water. High risk was estimated from fluconazole, epoxiconazole, prothioconazole and its metabolite, tebuconazole, ketoconazole in wastewater samples, which is important during raw sewage discharge events via sewer overflows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn Proctor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Ruth Barden
- Wessex Water, Claverton Down Rd, Bath BA2 7WW, UK
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Wang Y, Ren L, Ren Y, Chai M, Ning X, Li G, Sang N. New insights into triazole fungicide-caused hematopoietic abnormality in zebrafish based on GRα screening developmental toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122182. [PMID: 37442323 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Triazole fungicides (TFs) are known to be common environmental contaminants that can be toxic to aquatic animals, but their developmental toxicity is not fully understood. To address this gap, we first used a glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα)-mediated dual luciferase reporter gene system to explore the possible development toxicity of ten TFs and found that flusilazole (FLU) exhibited stronger agonistic activity against GRα. Subsequent transcriptome sequencing showed that FLU exposure affected GRα activation and hematopoiesis associated with a variety of biological processes, including responses to corticosteroid release, embryonic hematopoiesis, erythroid differentiation, and the development of hematopoietic or lymphoid organs. Furthermore, based on in situ hybridization and staining techniques, we clarified that FLU decreased the expression of the primitive hematopoietic marker genes gata1 and pu.1. and caused the defects in the posterior blood island (PBI), thereby impacting intermediate hematopoietic processes. Also, FLU significantly reduced the expression of the crucial hematopoietic gene cmyb and disrupted the production of erythrocytes and bone marrow cells during definitive hematopoiesis. Consistently, we found that FLU induced lesions in the kidney, a hematopoietic organ, including the infiltration of inflammatory cells, tubular collapse, reduced tubular filtration area, and interstitial hydronephrosis. We also found that FLU increased aberrant red blood cells in the peripheral blood of zebrafish. These findings provide new insights into the developmental toxicity and ecotoxicological risk of TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Lingyu Ren
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Ying Ren
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Mengdan Chai
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Xia Ning
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China.
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, PR China
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Chukwu KB, Abafe OA, Amoako DG, Essack SY, Abia ALK. Antibiotic, Heavy Metal, and Biocide Concentrations in a Wastewater Treatment Plant and Its Receiving Water Body Exceed PNEC Limits: Potential for Antimicrobial Resistance Selective Pressure. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1166. [PMID: 37508262 PMCID: PMC10376008 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the rise in antimicrobial resistance has been attributed mainly to the extensive and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials such as antibiotics and biocides in humans, animals and on plants, studies investigating the impact of this use on water environments in Africa are minimal. This study quantified selected antibiotics, heavy metals, and biocides in an urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and its receiving water body in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, in the context of the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) for the selection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Water samples were collected from the WWTP effluent discharge point and upstream and downstream from this point. Heavy metals were identified and quantified using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) method 200.7. Biocides and antibiotic residues were determined using validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry-based methods. The overall highest mean antibiotic, metal and biocide concentrations were observed for sulfamethoxazole (286.180 µg/L), neodymium (Nd; 27.734 mg/L), and benzalkonium chloride (BAC 12) (7.805 µg/L), respectively. In decreasing order per sampling site, the pollutant concentrations were effluent > downstream > upstream. This implies that the WWTP significantly contributed to the observed pollution in the receiving water. Furthermore, most of the pollutants measured recorded values exceeding the recommended predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) values, suggesting that the microbes in such water environments were at risk of developing resistance due to the selection pressure exerted by these antimicrobials. Further studies are required to establish such a relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelechi B Chukwu
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Ovokeroye A Abafe
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Residue Laboratory, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Campus, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Daniel G Amoako
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sabiha Y Essack
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Akebe L K Abia
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Environmental Research Foundation, Westville 3630, South Africa
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Anagnostopoulou K, Nannou C, Evgenidou E, Lambropoulou DA. Does climbazole instigate a threat in the environment as persistent, mobile and toxic compound? Unveiling the occurrence and potential ecological risks of its phototransformation products in the water cycle. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131854. [PMID: 37354716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Persistent, mobile, and toxic chemicals (PMT), such as the antimycotic climbazole-(CBZ), proliferate in water cycle and imperil drinking water quality, sparking off research about their environmental fate. Unlike the parent compound, its transformation products-(TPs) are scarcely investigated, much less as PMTs. To this end, phototransformation of CBZ was investigated. A novel suspect-screening workflow was developed and optimized by cross-comparing the results of the identified photo-TPs against literature data to create an enhanced HRMS-database for environmental investigations of CBZ/TPs in the water cycle. In total, 24 TPs were identified, 14 of which are reported for the first time. Isomerism, dechlorination, hydroxylation, and cleavage of the ether or C-N bond are suggested as the main transformation routes. A screening of CBZ/TPs was conducted in wastewater, leachates, surface, and groundwater, revealing a maximum concentration of 464.8 ng/L in groundwater. In silico and in vitro methods were used for toxicity assessment, indicating toxicity for CBZ and some TPs. Seemingly, CBZ is rightly considered as PMT, and a higher potential to occur in surface or groundwater than non-PM chemicals appears. Likewise, the occurrence of TPs due to PMT properties or emission patterns was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Anagnostopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece
| | - Christina Nannou
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, GR 65404, Greece
| | - Eleni Evgenidou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece
| | - Dimitra A Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece.
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Zhang D, Lu S. A holistic review on triclosan and triclocarban exposure: Epidemiological outcomes, antibiotic resistance, and health risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162114. [PMID: 36764530 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are antimicrobials that are widely applied in personal care products, textiles, and plastics. TCS and TCC exposure at low doses may disturb hormone levels and even facilitate bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In the post-coronavirus disease pandemic era, chronic health effects and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes associated with TCS and TCC exposure represent an increasing concern. This study sought to screen and review the exposure levels and sources and changes after the onset of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, potential health outcomes, bacterial resistance and cross-resistance, and health risk assessment tools associated with TCS and TCC exposure. Daily use of antimicrobial products accounts for most observed associations between internal exposure and diseases, while secondary exposure at trace levels mainly lead to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. The roles of altered gut microbiota in multi-system toxicities warrant further attention. Sublethal dose of TCC selects ARGs without obviously increasing tolerance to TCC. But TCS induce persistent TCS resistance and reversibly select antibiotic resistance, which highlights the benefits of minimizing its use. To derive reference doses (RfDs) for humans, more sensitive endpoints observed in populational studies need to be confirmed using toxicological tests. Additionally, the human equivalent dose is recommended to be incorporated into the health risk assessment to reduce uncertainty of extrapolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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Sun C, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Liu ZF, Zhang Y, Bian Y, Feng XS. Triclosan and related compounds in the environment: Recent updates on sources, fates, distribution, analytical extraction, analysis, and removal techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161885. [PMID: 36731573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) has been widely used in daily life because of its broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. The residue of TCS and related compounds in the environment is one of the critical environmental safety problems, and the pandemic of COVID-19 aggravates the accumulation of TCS and related compounds in the environment. Therefore, detecting TCS and related compound residues in the environment is of great significance to human health and environmental safety. The distribution of TCS and related compounds are slightly different worldwide, and the removal methods also have advantages and disadvantages. This paper summarized the research progress on the source, distribution, degradation, analytical extraction, detection, and removal techniques of TCS and related compounds in different environmental samples. The commonly used analytical extraction methods for TCS and related compounds include solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase microextraction, liquid-phase microextraction, and so on. The determination methods include liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, gas chromatography and related methods, sensors, electrochemical method, capillary electrophoresis. The removal techniques in various environmental samples mainly include biodegradation, advanced oxidation, and adsorption methods. Besides, both the pros and cons of different techniques have been compared and summarized, and the development and prospect of each technique have been given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Ren P, Wang M, Zheng H, Gao Z, Han Z, Liu Y, Cai M. Spatial distribution and risk assessment of conazole fungicides in surface seawater of the East China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114796. [PMID: 36898271 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Conazole fungicides (CFs), the common-used pesticide in agriculture distributed widely in the environment. This research analyzed the occurrence, potential sources, and risks of eight CFs in the East China Sea surface seawater in the early summer of 2020. The total CF concentration ranged from 0.30 to 6.20 ng/L, with an average value of 1.64 ± 1.24 ng/L. Fenbuconazole, hexaconazole, and triadimenol were the major CFs that comprised >96 % of the total concentration. The Yangtze River was identified as the significant source of CFs from the coastal regions to the off-shore inputs. Ocean current was the first-order factor controlling the content and distribution of CFs in the East China Sea. Although risk assessment revealed CFs posed a low or no substantial risk to ecology and human health, long-term monitoring was also encouraged. This study provided a theoretical foundation for assessing CFs' pollution levels and potential risks in the East China Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ren
- Deep-Sea Multidisciplinary Research Center, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Hongyuan Zheng
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Zhiwei Gao
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Zheyi Han
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Yanguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Minghong Cai
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai 200136, China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Han P, Rios-Miguel AB, Tang X, Yu Y, Zhou LJ, Hou L, Liu M, Sun D, Jetten MSM, Welte CU, Men Y, Lücker S. Benzimidazole fungicide biotransformation by comammox Nitrospira bacteria: Transformation pathways and associated proteomic responses. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130558. [PMID: 36495641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Benzimidazole fungicides are frequently detected in aquatic environments and pose a serious health risk. Here, we investigated the metabolic capacity of the recently discovered complete ammonia-oxidizing (comammox) Nitrospira inopinata and kreftii to transform a representative set of benzimidazole fungicides (i.e., benzimidazole, albendazole, carbendazim, fuberidazole, and thiabendazole). Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea, as well as the canonical nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospira exhibited no or minor biotransformation activity towards all the five benzimidazole fungicides. In contrast, the investigated comammox bacteria actively transformed all the five benzimidazole fungicides, except for thiabendazole. The identified transformation products indicated hydroxylation, S-oxidation, and glycosylation as the major biotransformation pathways of benzimidazole fungicides. We speculated that these reactions were catalyzed by comammox-specific ammonia monooxygenase, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, and glycosylases, respectively. Interestingly, the exposure to albendazole enhanced the expression of the antibiotic resistance gene acrB of Nitrospira inopinata, suggesting that some benzimidazole fungicides could act as environmental stressors that trigger cellular defense mechanisms. Altogether, this study demonstrated the distinct substrate specificity of comammox bacteria towards benzimidazole fungicides and implies their significant roles in the biotransformation of these fungicides in nitrifying environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Han
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Ana B Rios-Miguel
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiufeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yaochun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Li-Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Dongyao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geography Science and Geomatics Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelia U Welte
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yujie Men
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - Sebastian Lücker
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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11
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Wang Y, Ren Y, Ning X, Li G, Sang N. Environmental exposure to triazole fungicide causes left-right asymmetry defects and contributes to abnormal heart development in zebrafish embryos by activating PPARγ-coupled Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160286. [PMID: 36403845 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Triazole fungicides have been widely used all over the world. However, their potential ecological safety and health risks remain unclear, especially their cardiac developmental toxicity. This study systematically investigated whether and how triazole fungicides could activate peroxisome proliferative activity receptor γ (PPARγ) to cause abnormal heart development. Among ten triazole fungicides, difenoconazole (DIF) exhibited the strongest agonistic activity and caused severe pericardial edema in zebrafish embryos, accompanied by a reduction in heart rate, blood flow and cardiac function. In vitro transcriptomic profile implicated that DIF inhibited the Wnt signaling pathway, and in vivo DIF exposure significantly increased the phosphorylation of β-catenin (p = 0.0002) and altered the expression of related genes in zebrafish embryos. Importantly, exposure to DIF could activate PPARγ and inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which changed the size of Kupffer's vesicle (KV) (p = 0.02), altered the expression of left-right (LR) asymmetry-related genes, caused cardiac LR asymmetry defect, and eventually led to abnormal heart development. These findings provide evidence for potential developmental toxicity of triazole fungicides and highlight the necessity of assessing their ecological safety and human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Ying Ren
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Xia Ning
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
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12
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Flower-like mesoporous Fe3O4@SiO2@F/NiO composites for magnetic solid-phase extraction of imidazole fungicides in tap water, milk and green tea. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Equilibrium Solubility of Triclocarban in (Cyclohexane + 1,4-Dioxane) Mixtures: Determination, Correlation, Thermodynamics and Preferential Solvation. J SOLUTION CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-022-01209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEquilibrium solubility of triclocarban (TCC) expressed in mole fraction in 1,4-dioxane and cyclohexane, as well, as in 19 {cyclohexane (1) + 1,4-dioxane (2)} mixtures, was determined at seven temperatures from T = (288.15 to 318.15) K. Logarithmic TCC solubility in these cosolvent mixtures was adequately correlated with a lineal bivariate equation as function of both the mixtures composition and temperature. Apparent thermodynamic quantities for the dissolution and mixing processes were computed by means of the van’t Hoff and Gibbs equations observing endothermal and entropy-driven dissolution processes in all cases. The enthalpy–entropy compensation plot of apparent enthalpy vs. apparent Gibbs energy was linear exhibiting positive slope implying enthalpy-driving for TCC transfer from cyclohexane to 1,4-dioxane. Ultimately, by using the inverse Kirkwood–Buff integrals it is observed that TCC is preferentially solvated by cyclohexane molecules in 1,4-dioxane-rich mixtures but preferentially solvated by 1,4-dioxane molecules in cyclohexane-rich mixtures.
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14
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Chen ZF, Lin ZC, Lu SQ, Chen XF, Liao XL, Qi Z, Cai Z. Azole-Induced Color Vision Deficiency Associated with Thyroid Hormone Signaling: An Integrated In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:13264-13273. [PMID: 36082512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Azoles that are used in pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products can have toxic effects on fish. However, there is no information regarding azole-induced visual disorder associated with thyroid disruption. We evaluated changes in retinal morphology, optokinetic response, transcript abundance of the genes involved in color perception and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, and thyroid hormone (TH) levels in zebrafish larvae exposed to common azoles, such as climbazole (CBZ, 0.1 and 10 μg/L) and triadimefon (TDF, 50 and 500 μg/L), at environmentally relevant and predicted worst-case environmental concentrations. Subsequently, the effect of azoles on TH-dependent GH3 cell proliferation and thyroid receptor (TR)-regulated transcriptional activity, as well as the in silico binding affinity between azoles and TR isoforms, was investigated. Azole exposure decreased cell densities of the ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer, and photoreceptor layer. Zebrafish larvae exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of CBZ and TDF showed a decrease in optokinetic response to green-white and red-white stripes but not blue-white stripes, consistent with disturbance in the corresponding opsin gene expression. Azole exposure also reduced triiodothyronine levels and concomitantly increased HPT-related gene expression. Molecular docking analysis combined with in vitro TR-mediated transactivation and dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that CBZ and TDF exhibited TR antagonism. These results are comparable to those obtained from a known TR antagonist, namely, TR antagonist 1, as a positive control. Therefore, damage to specific color perception by azoles appears to result from lowered TH signaling, indicating the potential threat of environmental TH disruptors to the visual function of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Si-Qi Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
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15
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Yin Y, Wu H, Jiang Z, Jiang J, Lu Z. Degradation of Triclosan in the Water Environment by Microorganisms: A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091713. [PMID: 36144315 PMCID: PMC9505857 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), a kind of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), is widely used and has had a large production over years. It is an emerging pollutant in the water environment that has attracted global attention due to its toxic effects on organisms and aquatic ecosystems, and its concentrations in the water environment are expected to increase since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Some researchers found that microbial degradation of TCS is an environmentally sustainable technique that results in the mineralization of large amounts of organic pollutants without toxic by-products. In this review, we focus on the fate of TCS in the water environment, the diversity of TCS-degrading microorganisms, biodegradation pathways and molecular mechanisms, in order to provide a reference for the efficient degradation of TCS and other PPCPs by microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Yin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhenghai Jiang
- Zhejiang Haihe Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Jinhua 321012, China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Zhejiang Haihe Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Jinhua 321012, China
| | - Zhenmei Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-88206279
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16
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Liu Q, Feng X, Chen N, Shen F, Zhang H, Wang S, Sheng Z, Li J. Occurrence and risk assessment of typical PPCPs and biodegradation pathway of ribavirin in wastewater treatment plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 11:100184. [PMID: 36158755 PMCID: PMC9488096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A large number of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) persist in wastewater, and the consumption of PPCPs for COVID-19 control and prevention has sharply increased during the pandemic. This study investigated the occurrence, removal efficiency, and risk assessment of six typical PPCPs commonly used in China in two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Ribavirin (RBV) is an effective pharmaceutical for severely ill patients with COVID-19, and the possible biodegradation pathway of RBV by activated sludge was discovered. The experimental results showed that PPCPs were detected in two WWTPs with a detection rate of 100% and concentrations ranging between 612 and 2323 ng L-1. The detection frequency and concentrations of RBV were substantially higher, with a maximum concentration of 314 ng L-1. Relatively high pollution loads were found for the following PPCPs from influent: ibuprofen > ranitidine hydrochloride > RBV > ampicillin sodium > clozapine > sulfamethoxazole. The removal efficiency of PPCPs was closely related to adsorption and biodegradation in activated sludge, and the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) had a higher removal capacity than the anoxic-anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (AAAO) process. The removal efficiencies of sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin sodium, ibuprofen, and clozapine ranged from 92.21% to 97.86% in MBBR process and were relatively low, from 61.82% to 97.62% in AAAO process, and the removal of RBV and ranitidine hydrochloride were lower than 42.96% in both MBBR and AAAO processes. The discrepancy in removal efficiency is caused by temperature, hydrophilicity, and hydrophobicity of the compound, and acidity and alkalinity. The transformation products of RBV in activated sludge were detected and identified, and the biodegradation process of RBV could be speculated as follows: first breaks into TCONH2 and an oxygen-containing five-membered heterocyclic ring under the nucleosidase reaction, and then TCONH2 is finally formed into TCOOH through amide hydrolysis. Aquatic ecological risks based on risk quotient (RQ) assessment showed that PPCPs had high and medium risks in the influent, and the RQ values were all reduced after MBBR and AAAO treatment. Ranitidine hydrochloride and clozapine still showed high and medium risks in the effluent, respectively, and thus presented potential risks to the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xuan Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis, Jiangsu Wuxi Environmental Monitoring Center, Wuxi, 214121, China
| | - Haichuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou, 215009, China
- Corresponding author. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Zhiya Sheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Ji Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou, 215009, China
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17
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Stevenson EM, Gaze WH, Gow NAR, Hart A, Schmidt W, Usher J, Warris A, Wilkinson H, Murray AK. Antifungal Exposure and Resistance Development: Defining Minimal Selective Antifungal Concentrations and Testing Methodologies. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:918717. [PMID: 37746188 PMCID: PMC10512330 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.918717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review aims to summarise the current understanding of selection for antifungal resistance (AFR) and to compare and contrast this with selection for antibacterial resistance, which has received more research attention. AFR is an emerging global threat to human health, associated with high mortality rates, absence of effective surveillance systems and with few alternative treatment options available. Clinical AFR is well documented, with additional settings increasingly being recognised to play a role in the evolution and spread of AFR. The environment, for example, harbours diverse fungal communities that are regularly exposed to antifungal micropollutants, potentially increasing AFR selection risk. The direct application of effect concentrations of azole fungicides to agricultural crops and the incomplete removal of pharmaceutical antifungals in wastewater treatment systems are of particular concern. Currently, environmental risk assessment (ERA) guidelines do not require assessment of antifungal agents in terms of their ability to drive AFR development, and there are no established experimental tools to determine antifungal selective concentrations. Without data to interpret the selective risk of antifungals, our ability to effectively inform safe environmental thresholds is severely limited. In this review, potential methods to generate antifungal selective concentration data are proposed, informed by approaches used to determine antibacterial minimal selective concentrations. Such data can be considered in the development of regulatory guidelines that aim to reduce selection for AFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Stevenson
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Cornwall, United Kingdom
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter Medical School, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - William H. Gaze
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Cornwall, United Kingdom
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter Medical School, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A. R. Gow
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alwyn Hart
- Chief Scientist’s Group, Environment Agency, Horizon House, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
| | - Wiebke Schmidt
- Chief Scientist’s Group, Environment Agency, Horizon House, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Usher
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Adilia Warris
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Wilkinson
- Chief Scientist’s Group, Environment Agency, Horizon House, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
| | - Aimee K. Murray
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Cornwall, United Kingdom
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter Medical School, Cornwall, United Kingdom
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18
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High MICs for antifungal agents in yeasts from an anthropized lagoon in South America. Microbiol Res 2022; 262:127083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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McDonough K, Csiszar SA, Fan M, Kapo K, Menzies J, Vamshi R. Spatial modeling framework for aquatic exposure assessments of chemicals disposed down the drain: Case studies for China and Japan. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 18:722-733. [PMID: 34331738 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A modeling framework was created for the development of spatially explicit aquatic exposure models for any region or country of interest for chemicals disposed of down the drain. The framework relies on globally available data sets for river flow and population, and locally available data sets for wastewater treatment infrastructure and domestic water use, and leverages the iSTREEM® chemical routing algorithm. The framework was applied to China and Japan as case study countries. Spatially explicit population data were obtained from WorldPop. River flows covering the spatial extent of the two countries were derived from a high-resolution surface runoff gridded data set that was based on the Curve Number approach and combined with the hydrology network for catchments and rivers from HydroBASINS and HydroSHEDS data sets. Publicly available data from government sources were used for estimating per capita water use and wastewater treatment infrastructure. To demonstrate the framework, the China model was used to predict the levels of the antifungal agent climbazole in rivers across the country, and the Japan model was used to predict river concentrations of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate. For both chemicals, the comparison of measured to modeled values showed good agreement, using linear regression analysis (R2 ≥ 0.96). The framework presented in this study provides a systematic and robust approach to develop spatially resolved exposure models that can be extrapolated to any country or region, allowing more accurate risk assessment of chemicals disposed down the drain by leveraging concentration distributions generated by the model. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:722-733. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ming Fan
- Procter and Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Raghu Vamshi
- Waterborne Environmental Inc., Leesburg, Virginia, USA
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20
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Liao XL, Chen ZF, Zou T, Lin ZC, Chen XF, Wang Y, Qi Z, Cai Z. Chronic Exposure to Climbazole Induces Oxidative Stress and Sex Hormone Imbalance in the Testes of Male Zebrafish. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2558-2566. [PMID: 34874164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As the main active ingredient for the treatment of fungal infections, climbazole (CBZ) is commonly used in a variety of personal care products. After its use, CBZ enters the receiving environment directly or indirectly through domestic sewage. Its concentration can be up to several nanograms per liter in surface water. So far, the effects of CBZ on the reproductive system of female zebrafish have been systematically studied, but the potential toxicity mechanism of CBZ on male zebrafish still needs to be further explored. In this study, adult male zebrafish were exposed to CBZ at concentrations of 0.1, 10, and 1000 μg·L-1 for 28 days, and their testes were collected for histological, mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics, and biochemical analyses. We found that CBZ caused a significantly abnormal metabolism of purine and glutathione and triggered oxidative stress in zebrafish testes, thereby inducing testicular cell apoptosis. In addition, CBZ could inhibit the synthesis of essential sex hormones in the testis and thus reduce the sperm production. The conclusions of this study fill the data gap on the reproductive toxicity of CBZ to male zebrafish and highlight the ecotoxicological application of untargeted metabolomics in the biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liang Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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21
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Chen XF, Chen ZF, Lin ZC, Liao XL, Zou T, Qi Z, Cai Z. Toxic effects of triclocarban on larval zebrafish: A focus on visual dysfunction. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 241:106013. [PMID: 34731642 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Triclocarban (TCC) is considered an endocrine disruptor and shows antagonist activity on thyroid receptors. In view of the report that thyroid hormone signaling mediates retinal cone photoreceptor specification, we hypothesize that TCC could impair visual function, which is vital to wildlife. In order to verify our hypothesis, we assessed alteration in the retinal structure (retinal layer thickness and cell density), visually-mediated behavior, cone and rod opsin gene expression, and photoreceptor immunostaining in zebrafish larvae exposed to TCC at environmentally realistic concentrations (0.16 ± 0.005 µg/L, L-group) and one-fifth of the median lethal concentrations (25.4 ± 1.02 µg/L, H-group). Significant decrease in eye size, ganglion cell density, optokinetic response, and phototactic response can be observed in the L-group, while the thickness of outer nuclear layer, where the cell bodies of cone and rod cells are located, was significantly reduced with the down-regulation of critical opsin gene (opn1sw2, opn1mw1, opn1mw3, opn1lw1, opn1lw2, and rho) expression and rhodopsin immunofluorescence in the H-group. It should be noted that TCC could affect the sensitivity of zebrafish larvae to red and green light according to the results of behavioral and opsin gene expression analysis. These findings provide the first evidence to support our hypothesis that the visual system, a novel toxicological target, is affected by TCC. Consequently, we urgently call for a more in-depth exploration of TCC-induced ocular toxicity to aquatic organisms and even to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhi-Cheng Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Assessment of Environmental Pollution and Human Exposure to Pesticides by Wastewater Analysis in a Seven-Year Study in Athens, Greece. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100260. [PMID: 34678955 PMCID: PMC8537104 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides have been used in large amounts around the world for decades and are responsible for environmental pollution and various adverse effects on human health. Analysis of untreated wastewater can deliver useful information on pesticides’ use in a particular area and allow the assessment of human exposure to certain substances. A wide-scope screening method, based on liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, was applied, using both target and suspect screening methodologies. Daily composite influent wastewater samples were collected for seven or eight consecutive days in Athens between 2014 and 2020 and analyzed for 756 pesticides, their environmental transformation products and their human metabolites. Forty pesticides were quantified at mean concentrations up to 4.9 µg/L (tralkoxydim). The most abundant class was fungicides followed by herbicides, insect repellents, insecticides and plant growth regulators. In addition, pesticide transformation products and/or metabolites were detected with high frequency, indicating that research should be focused on them. Human exposure was evaluated using the wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach and 3-ethyl-carbamoyl benzoic acid and cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide were proposed as potential WBE biomarkers. Wastewater analysis revealed the presence of unapproved pesticides and indicated that there is an urgent need to include more transformation products in target databases.
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Monapathi M, Horn S, Vogt T, van Wyk D, Mienie C, Ezeokoli OT, Coertze R, Rhode O, Bezuidenhout CC. Antifungal agents, yeast abundance and diversity in surface water: Potential risks to water users. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129718. [PMID: 33529952 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
South African surface waters are subject to various forms of pollution. Recent findings in aquatic systems suggest an association exists between yeast diversity, chemical pollutants and land coverage, which are important water quality determinants. Yeast abundance and diversity, as well as antifungal agents in two river systems in South Africa, were investigated and related to the existing land coverage. Yeast abundance and diversity were determined from environmental DNA by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing, respectively, of the 26S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene. Antifungal agents were qualitatively and/or quantitatively detected by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analyses of 2 031 714 high-quality 26S rRNA sequences yielded 5554 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs)/species. ASV richness and Shannon-Wiener index of diversity reflected the southward flow of the river with higher values observed downstream compared to the upstream. Fluconazole concentrations were quantifiable in only two samples; 178 and 271 ng L-1. Taxonomically, at least 20 yeast species were detected, including the dominant Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus spp. as well as the lesser dominant Bensingtonia bomiensis, Fereydounia khargensis, Hericium erinaceus, Kondoa changbaiensi, Pseudozyma spp. and Sphacelotheca pamparum. The two dominant species are known opportunistic pathogens which had antifungal resistant traits in previous studies from the same rivers and therefore is a public health threat. The present study provides further evidence that yeasts should be included as part of water quality parameters, especially in developing countries where much of the population are economically disadvantaged, and also immunocompromised due to age and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mzimkhulu Monapathi
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Suranie Horn
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Tash Vogt
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Deidré van Wyk
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Charlotte Mienie
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Obinna T Ezeokoli
- Pathogenic Yeast Research Group, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Roelof Coertze
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Owen Rhode
- Agricultural Research Council-Grain Crops, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Cornelius C Bezuidenhout
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Wattanayon R, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. A multi-residue chiral liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method for analysis of antifungal agents and their metabolites in aqueous environmental matrices. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:2466-2477. [PMID: 34010950 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence and fate of antifungal agents in the environment have hardly been investigated. This is despite the increased usage of antifungal agents and higher prevalence of antifungal resistance. Stereochemistry of antifungal agents has been largely overlooked due to lack of analytical methods enabling studies at the enantiomeric level. This paper introduces a new analytical method for combined separation of achiral and chiral antifungal agents and their metabolites with the utilization of chiral chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry to enable comprehensive profiling of wide-ranging antifungal agents and their metabolites in environmental matrices. The method showed very good linearity and range (r2 > 0.997), method accuracy (61-143%) and precision (3-31%) as well as low (ng L-1) MQLs for most analytes. The method was applied in selected environmental samples. The following analytes were quantified: fluconazole, terbinafine, N-desmethyl-carboxyterbinafine, tebuconazole, epoxiconazole, propiconazole and N-deacetyl ketoconazole. They were predominantly present in the aqueous environment (as opposed to wastewater) with sources linked with animal and plant protection rather than usage in humans. Interestingly, chiral fungicides quantified in river water were enriched with one enantiomer. This might have consequences in terms of their ecological effects which warrants further study.
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Jimoh RO, Sogbanmu TO. Sublethal and environmentally relevant concentrations of triclosan and triclocarban induce histological, genotoxic, and embryotoxic effects in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:31071-31083. [PMID: 33595797 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial additives in personal care products (PCPs) such as triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are of environmental concern due to their potential toxicity in non-target aquatic organisms. In this study, the histological, genotoxic (micronucleus assay), and embryotoxic effects of sublethal and environmentally relevant concentrations of TCS and TCC were evaluated in Clarias gariepinus (the African sharptooth catfish) over a period of 28 days. The 96 hLC50 values of TCS and TCC against fingerlings of C. gariepinus were 16.04 mg/L and 41.57 mg/L respectively. The 24 hLC50 and 26 hEC50 (non-hatching) values for C. gariepinus embryos were 16.48 mg/L and 11.08 mg/L for TCS and 46.08 mg/L and 41.93 mg/L for TCC respectively. TCS was ×3 to ×4 more toxic to C. gariepinus fingerlings and embryos than TCC. Gill histological alterations ranged from mild to severe lamellar necrosis in the exposed fishes with Gill Alteration Index (GAI) of 1.60 on day 14 and 3.20 on day 28. There were significant dose-dependent increases (p < 0.05) in micronuclei and binucleated cells in the erythrocytes of exposed fishes compared to control. Embryotoxic effects assessed from 0 to 72 h post fertilization showed significant decreases (p < 0.05) in hatching success and number of heartbeats per minute, and significant increase (p < 0.05) in percentage abnormalities in the exposed embryos compared to control. The study demonstrates the need for regulatory measures and monitoring of the use of TCS and TCC in PCPs in order to mitigate potential adverse effects to non-target aquatic organisms. This will support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14 on sustaining life below water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashidat O Jimoh
- Ecotoxicology and Conservation Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, 101017, Nigeria.
| | - Temitope O Sogbanmu
- Ecotoxicology and Conservation Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, 101017, Nigeria
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Peng D, Wang W, Liu A, Zhang Y, Li X, Wang G, Jin C, Guan C, Ji J. Comparative transcriptome combined with transgenic analysis reveal the involvement of salicylic acid pathway in the response of Nicotiana tabacum to triclosan stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129456. [PMID: 33418217 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a highly effective antibacterial agent, which is widely distributed in wastewater and sludge. The application of sludge containing high concentration TCS in agriculture will cause physiological damage to plants. Nevertheless, little is known about the physiological and molecular mechanism of TCS to plants. So firstly the physiological and biochemical indexes of tobacco with treatment of different concentrations of TCS were evaluated in this study. The results showed that tobacco plants with TCS treatment exhibited lower germination rate, root development, photosynthesis efficiency, and higher ROS accumulation in comparison with control group. The transcriptome analysis of tobacco plants was then performed to reveal the molecular mechanism in the response of tobacco to TCS. There were 3, 819 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between groups with or without TCS treatment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated that these DEGs were mainly enriched in groups of the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. To further investigate the role of plant hormone, transgenic tobacco overexpressing a homologous of salicylic acid (SA) binding protein gene was used to assess the SA-mediate TCS tolerance in plant. The results showed that transgenic plants exhibited enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes and stronger TCS resistance than wild-type ones, which verify the important role of SA signal pathway in TCS response of tobacco plants. This study could be used to better understand the key roles of plant hormones in the TCS stress response of higher plants, and find key pathways and candidate genes for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danliu Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Anran Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaozhou Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chao Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chunfeng Guan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Gallego R SE, Peñuela GA, Martínez-López E. Enzymatic activity changes in striped catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum, induced by exposure to different concentrations of ibuprofen and triclosan. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129399. [PMID: 33482525 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of exposure for four months, with ibuprofen and triclosan at 25 and 50 μg/L in Striped catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum, evaluated between sexes and exposure times. Biochemical biomarkers such as lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, creatine kinase, lipid peroxidation, albumin, globulins, creatinine, and urea were evaluated. The results of this study suggest that both ibuprofen and triclosan at concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/L can cause alterations to P. magdaleniatum, interfering with the activity of certain enzymes associated with energy production, immune response, architecture, and cellular physiology. Also, we determined the current state of contamination in fish, the concentration of ibuprofen and triclosan in P. magdaleniatum muscle samples from the different places markets located on the banks of the main rivers of Colombia was quantified by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS, in three climatic periods; finding triclosan levels in the dry season in some of the sampling points compatible with enzyme-level alterations in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Gallego R
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (U de A), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Gustavo A Peñuela
- Pollution Diagnostics and Control Group (GDCON), School of the Environment, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Campus (SIU), University of Antioquia (U de A), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Emma Martínez-López
- Area of Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Spain.
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28
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Zou T, Liang YQ, Liao X, Chen XF, Wang T, Song Y, Lin ZC, Qi Z, Chen ZF, Cai Z. Metabolomics reveals the reproductive abnormality in female zebrafish exposed to environmentally relevant levels of climbazole. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116665. [PMID: 33581626 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climbazole (CBZ) ubiquitously detected in the aquatic environment may disrupt fish reproductive function. Thus far, the previous study has focused on its transcriptional impact of steroidogenesis-related genes on zebrafish, but the underlying toxic mechanism still needs further investigation at the metabolic level. In this study, adult zebrafish were chronically exposed to CBZ at concentrations of 0.1 (corresponding to the real concentration in surface water), 10, and 1000 μg/L and evaluated for reproductive function by egg production, with subsequent ovarian tissue samples taken for histology, metabolomics, and other biochemical analysis. After 28 days' exposure, fecundity was significantly decreased in all exposure groups, with the inhibition of oocytes in varying developmental stages to a certain degree. The decrease in retinoic acid and sex hormones, down-regulated genes important in steroidogenesis, and increase in oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio and occurrence of apoptotic cells were observed in zebrafish ovaries following exposure to CBZ even at environmentally realistic concentrations, suggesting that alternations in steroidogenesis and oxidative stress can play significant roles in CBZ-triggered reproductive toxicity. Besides, mass spectrometry imaging analysis validated the results from metabolomics analysis. Our findings provide novel perspectives for unveiling the mechanism of reproductive dysfunction by CBZ and highlight its risk to fish reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Liang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xiaoliang Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Zhao JL, Huang Z, Zhang QQ, Ying-He L, Wang TT, Yang YY, Ying GG. Distribution and mass loads of xenoestrogens bisphenol a, 4-nonylphenol, and 4-tert-octylphenol in rainfall runoff from highly urbanized regions: A comparison with point sources of wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123747. [PMID: 33113730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study pays a special attention to three phenolic endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), - bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), and 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP) - that are present in urban environments, resultant of several anthropogenic activities that can be also carried through rainfall runoff. We investigated the distributions of BPA, 4-NP, and 4-t-OP in Pearl River basin and estimated the mass loads in rainfall runoff, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, and industrial wastewater from urbanized Huizhou and Dongguan regions. These three phenolic EDCs were detected frequently in tributaries and mainstream of Dongjiang River with the maximum 4-NP concentrations of 14,540 ng/L in surface waters and 3088 ng/g in sediments. BPA showed high concentrations in rainfall runoff samples with maximum concentrations of 5873 and 2397 ng/L in Huizhou and Dongguan regions, respectively, while concentrations for 4-NP and 4-t-OP were detected at tens to hundreds of nanograms per liter. Mass loads of phenolic EDCs from rainfall runoff were 3-62 times higher than those of WWTP effluents, suggesting rainfall runoff is an important source of phenolic EDCs into receiving waters. Sources and tributaries showed median to high estrogenic risks, while low to median risks were found in mainstream, implying the source control should be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Liang Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zheng Huang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liang Ying-He
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tuan-Tuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Bhagat J, Singh N, Nishimura N, Shimada Y. A comprehensive review on environmental toxicity of azole compounds to fish. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128335. [PMID: 33182121 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azoles are considered as one of the most efficient fungicides for the treatment of humans, animals, and plant fungal pathogens. They are of significant clinical importance as antifungal drugs and are widely used in personal care products, ultraviolet stabilizers, and in aircraft for its anti-corrosive properties. The prevalence of azole compounds in the natural environment and its accumulation in fish raises questions about its impact on aquatic organisms. OBJECTIVES The objective of this paper is to review the scientific studies on the effects of azole compounds in fish and to discuss future opportunities for the risk evaluation. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted on Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect to locate peer-reviewed scientific articles on occurrence, environmental fate, and toxicological impact of azole fungicides on fish. RESULTS Studies included in this review provide ample evidence that azole compounds are not only commonly detected in the natural environment but also cause several detrimental effects on fish. Future studies with environmentally relevant concentrations of azole alone or in combination with other commonly occurring contaminants in a multigenerational study could provide a better understanding. CONCLUSION Based on current knowledge and studies reporting adverse biological effects of azole on fish, considerable attention is required for better management and effective ecological risk assessment of these emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Bhagat
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Nisha Singh
- Environment Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, 741246, India.
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
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32
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Preparation of magnetic metal-organic frameworks with high binding capacity for removal of two fungicides from aqueous environments. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhang L, Xu M, Li X, Lu W, Li J. Sediment Bacterial Community Structure Under the Influence of Different Domestic Sewage Types. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1355-1366. [PMID: 32627763 PMCID: PMC9728189 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2004.04023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sediment bacterial communities are critical to the biogeochemical cycle in river ecosystems, but our understanding of the relationship between sediment bacterial communities and their specific input streams in rivers remains insufficient. In this study, we analyzed the sediment bacterial community structure in a local river receiving discharge of urban domestic sewage by applying Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the bacterial communities of sediments samples of different pollution types had similar dominant phyla, mainly Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Firmicutes, but their relative abundances were different. Moreover, there were great differences at the genus level. For example, the genus Bacillus showed statistically significant differences in the hotel site. The clustering of bacterial communities at various sites and the dominant families (i.e., Nocardioidaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae) observed in the residential quarter differed from other sites. This result suggested that environmentally induced species sorting greatly influenced the sediment bacterial community composition. The bacterial cooccurrence patterns showed that the river bacteria had a nonrandom modular structure. Microbial taxonomy from the same module had strong ecological links (such as the nitrogenium cycle and degradation of organic pollutants). Additionally, PICRUSt metabolic inference analysis showed the most important function of river bacterial communities under the influence of different types of domestic sewage was metabolism (e.g., genes related to xenobiotic degradation predominated in residential quarter samples). In general, our results emphasize that the adaptive changes and interactions in the bacterial community structure of river sediment represent responses to different exogenous pollution sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-550-3511822 Fax: +550-3511822 E-mail:
| | - Mengli Xu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, P.R. China
| | - Xingchen Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, P.R. China
| | - Wenxuan Lu
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230001, P.R. China
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Evaluating the Effect of Azole Antifungal Agents on the Stress Response and Nanomechanical Surface Properties of Ochrobactrum anthropi Aspcl2.2. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153348. [PMID: 32717971 PMCID: PMC7435821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Azole antifungal molecules are broadly used as active ingredients in various products, such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides. This promotes their release into the natural environment. The detailed mechanism of their influence on the biotic components of natural ecosystems remains unexplored. Our research aimed to examine the response of Ochrobactrum anthropi AspCl2.2 to the presence of four azole antifungal agents (clotrimazole, fluconazole, climbazole, epoxiconazole). The experiments performed include analysis of the cell metabolic activity, cell membrane permeability, total glutathione level and activity of glutathione S-transferases. These studies allowed for the evaluation of the cells’ oxidative stress response to the presence of azole antifungals. Moreover, changes in the nanomechanical surface properties, including adhesive and elastic features of the cells, were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectrophotometric methods. The results indicate that the azoles promote bacterial oxidative stress. The strongest differences were noted for the cells cultivated with fluconazole. The least toxic effect has been attributed to climbazole. AFM observations unraveled molecular details of bacterial cell texture, structure and surface nanomechanical properties. Antifungals promote the nanoscale modification of the bacterial cell wall. The results presented provided a significant insight into the strategies used by environmental bacterial cells to survive exposures to toxic azole antifungal agents.
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Pintado-Herrera MG, Allan IJ, González-Mazo E, Lara-Martín PA. Passive Samplers vs Sentinel Organisms: One-Year Monitoring of Priority and Emerging Contaminants in Coastal Waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6693-6702. [PMID: 32402185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Temporal monitoring of pollutants in aquatic systems impacted by human activities is mandatory for a correct assessment on their environmental impact and later management. The aim of this work was to study the suitability of using silicone rubber passive samplers and caged organisms (Ruditapes philippinarum), simultaneously, to examine the spatial and temporal variability of priority and emerging contaminants in a coastal environment (Cadiz Bay, SW Spain) over the course of an entire year. Seasonal trends were observed for some classes of compounds, such as UV filters and fragrances, and attributed to fluctuations in their sources and changes in the hydrodynamic conditions, respectively. Up to 42 out of 48 (in seawater) and 27 out of 37 (in biota) target analytes were detected, the highest concentrations being observed for synthetic fragrances and UV filters in both biota (136.9-159 ng g-1) and the dissolved phase (3322.2-265.7 ng L-1). Conversely, spatiotemporal differences in the concentrations of target contaminants in clam tissues were minimal. Higher field bioaccumulation factors (log BAF > 5) were found for priority substances. Overall, silicone rubber passive samplers proved to be more sensitive than sentinel organisms for monitoring spatiotemporal changes in the dissolved aqueous concentrations of contaminants, whereas the latter allowed for a more realistic evaluation of the potential uptake and bioaccumulation of each compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina G Pintado-Herrera
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Marine Research Institute (INMAR), University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence in Marine Science (CEI-MAR), Cadiz 11510, Spain
| | - Ian J Allan
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eduardo González-Mazo
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Marine Research Institute (INMAR), University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence in Marine Science (CEI-MAR), Cadiz 11510, Spain
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Marine Research Institute (INMAR), University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence in Marine Science (CEI-MAR), Cadiz 11510, Spain
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Zhang X, Sun X, Wang M, Wang Y, Wu Q, Ji L, Li Q, Yang J, Zhou Q. Dummy molecularly imprinted microspheres prepared by Pickering emulsion polymerization for matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction of three azole fungicides from fish samples. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1620:461013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Peter KT, Hou F, Tian Z, Wu C, Goehring M, Liu F, Kolodziej EP. More Than a First Flush: Urban Creek Storm Hydrographs Demonstrate Broad Contaminant Pollutographs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6152-6165. [PMID: 32302122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater runoff clearly impacts water quality and ecological health of urban receiving waters. Subsequent management efforts are often guided by conceptual models of contaminant "first flushes", defined by disproportionate concentrations or mass loads early in the storm hydrograph. However, studies examining the dynamics of contaminant transport and receiving water hydrology have primarily focused on "traditional" stormwater contaminants and point sources, with less evaluation of chemically complex nonpoint pollution sources. Accordingly, we conducted baseflow and storm sampling in Miller Creek, a representative small, urban watershed in the Puget Sound region (WA, USA). We comprehensively characterized organic contaminant profiles and dynamics via targeted quantification of 35 stormwater-derived chemicals, complementary nontarget HRMS analyses, and surrogate chemical metrics of ecological health. For quantified analytes, total daily baseflow loads were 0.8-3.4 g/day and storm event loads were ∼80-320 g/storm (∼48 h interval), with nine contaminants detected during storms at >500 ng/L. Notably, urban creek "pollutographs" were much broader than relatively sharp storm hydrographs and exhibited transport-limited (rather than mass-limited) source dynamics, with immediate water quality degradation during low-intensity precipitation and continued mobilization of contaminant mass across the entire hydrograph. Study outcomes support prioritization of source identification and focused stormwater management efforts to improve water quality and promote ecosystem function in small urban receiving waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine T Peter
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
| | - Fan Hou
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zhenyu Tian
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
| | - Christopher Wu
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
| | - Matt Goehring
- Green/Duwamish & Central Puget Sound Watershed (WRIA 9), King County, Seattle, Washington 98104 United States
| | - Fengmao Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Edward P Kolodziej
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington 98421 United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
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Dar OI, Sharma S, Singh K, Sharma A, Bhardwaj R, Kaur A. Biochemical markers for prolongation of the acute stress of triclosan in the early life stages of four food fishes. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125914. [PMID: 31972493 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, embryos of four food fishes viz. Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala were given acute (96 h) exposure to their respective LC0, LC10 and LC30 (causing 0, 10 and 30% mortality, respectively) concentrations of triclosan [TCS, 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol], a broad spectrum biocide. Bioaccumulation, contents of protein, non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH and GSSG), MDA (lipid peroxidation product) and organic acids (fumarate, succinate, malate and citrate) along with the activities of AChE (neurological enzyme), GST (detoxification enzyme) and three metabolic enzymes (LDH, AST and ALT) were estimated after 48 and 96 h exposure and 10 days post exposure. Around 1/10 of the TCS in water got accumulated in the hatchlings after 96 h, increase over 48 h values was maximum at LC0 (+195.30, +143.23 and + 140.75%) but minimum at LC30 (+89.62, +84.26 and + 126.72%) for C. idella, L. rohita and C. mrigala, respectively. In C. carpio, TCS got accumulated only at LC30 after 48 h but at all the concentrations after 96 h exposure. Contents of protein, GSH, GSSG and activity of AChE decreased but activities of GSH, LDH, AST and ALT and contents of MDA and organic acids increased concentration dependently in all the fishes. TCS declined by 85-90% but its toxic effects on biomolecules prolonged till the end of the recovery period. Such acute exposures are accidental but there is a need to evaluate biomarkers for prolongation of the stress of small concentrations especially LC0 and LC10 (causing negligible mortality) of lipophilic pollutants like TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owias Iqbal Dar
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Kirpal Singh
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Anket Sharma
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Arvinder Kaur
- Aquatic Toxicology Lab, Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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Abstract
Cosmetic products are used in large quantities across the world. An increasing number of chemical compounds are being added to the formulation of cosmetic products as additives, fragrances, preservatives, stabilizers, surfactants, dye and shine to potentiate their quality, property and shelf life. Owing to their widespread use, active residues of cosmetic products are continuously introduced into the environment in several ways. Many of these chemicals are bioactive and are characterized by potential bioaccumulation ability and environmental persistence, thus exerting a major risk to humans and the health of ecosystems. Hence, the indiscriminate consumption of cosmetics may present a looming issue with significant adverse impacts on public health. This review intends to spotlight a current overview of toxic ingredients used in formulating cosmetics such as parabens, triclosan, benzalkonium chloride, 1,4-dioxane, plastic microbeads, formaldehyde, diazolidinyl urea, imidazolidinyl urea, sunscreen elements (organic and inorganic UV filters) and trace metals. Specific focus is given to illustrate the biological risks of these substances on human health and aquatic system in terms of genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, neurotoxicity mutagenicity, and estrogenicity. In addition to conclusive remarks, future directions are also suggested.
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40
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Assress HA, Nyoni H, Mamba BB, Msagati TAM. Occurrence and risk assessment of azole antifungal drugs in water and wastewater. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109868. [PMID: 31689623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of azole antifungals in the environment presents one of the emerging concerns due to their ecotoxicological threat as well as their potential contribution to the evolution of drug resistant fungi in the environment. In this study, the occurrence of eight commonly prescribed azole antifungal drugs was seasonally determined in influent and effluent water samples from three wastewater treatment plants and a drinking water treatment plant in South Africa. In addition, the risk quotient (RQ) method was employed to investigate the potential ecological and human health risks associated with their presence in the wastewater and/or drinking water. Clotrimazole, econazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole and miconazole were detected at least once in the water samples, while posaconazole and voriconazole were not detected in any of the samples for all seasons at which the samples were collected. Fluconazole was detected at higher frequency (about 96%) with a concentration up to 9959.0 ng L-1. Clotrimazole had the second highest frequency of detection (about 33%) with a concentration up to 143.3 ng L-1. Statistically significant temporal variation in clotrimazole (p < 0.05) and spatial variation in fluconazole (p < 0.05) were observed. In general, the preliminary ecological risk assessment based on risk quotient (RQ) calculation indicated that there is currently no high risk against aquatic organisms (Algae, Daphnia and Fish) related to the azole antifungals. Meanwhile, human health risk assessment demonstrated that fluconazole represented high risk in drinking water. Furthermore, risk estimates showed a potential for the detected concentrations of fluconazole and itraconazole in water samples to pose moderate to high risk for development of antifungal drug resistance. Some of the azole antifungal drugs are ubiquitous in the wastewater and future monitoring and validation studies should be conducted for those drugs that seem to pose human health and ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailemariam Abrha Assress
- University of South Africa, College of Science Engineering and Technology, Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, UNISA Science Campus, P.O. Box 392 UNISA 0003, Florida, 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hlengilizwe Nyoni
- University of South Africa, College of Science Engineering and Technology, Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, UNISA Science Campus, P.O. Box 392 UNISA 0003, Florida, 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bhekie B Mamba
- University of South Africa, College of Science Engineering and Technology, Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, UNISA Science Campus, P.O. Box 392 UNISA 0003, Florida, 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa; State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Process/National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Titus A M Msagati
- University of South Africa, College of Science Engineering and Technology, Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, UNISA Science Campus, P.O. Box 392 UNISA 0003, Florida, 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P O Box 447, Tengeru, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania.
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Zheng G, Yu B, Wang Y, Ma C, Chen T. Removal of triclosan during wastewater treatment process and sewage sludge composting-A case study in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105300. [PMID: 31726362 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is widely used as an antibacterial disinfectant in personal care products, especially in rapidly-urbanizing countries, such as China. Almost all TCS enters wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), but the fate of the TCS in the WWTPs is unclear. TCS may be present in sewage sludge or in effluent, and the discharge of TCS into an ecosystem can pose environmental risks. In the present study, influent, effluent, and sewage sludge were collected from four typical urban WWTPs, and the fate of TCS in the plants was investigated. The study was conducted in Zhengzhou, a city in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in China. The sewage sludge was used for aerobic composting to study the influences of different ventilation treatments on the biodegradation effects of TCS and the changes in the microbial community during the composting process. The results showed that the mean concentration of TCS in the influent of the four typical WWTPs was 397.1 ng/L. The mean level of TCS in the effluent was 8.0 ng/L. The mean concentration of TCS in the sewage sludge was 814.4 ng/g. For the four WWTPs, the percentages of TCS removal were 97.6% (Nansanhuan), 97.6% (Xinzheng), 98.8% (Wulongkou), and 97.9% (Chenyu), respectively. The sewage sludge enrichment rates for TCS ranged between 36.4% and 49%. Therefore, there is a need to focus on the environmental risks from sewage sludge. During aerobic composting, the TCS was effectively degraded under three ventilation strategies. Thus, improved ventilation could enhance the degradation rate of TCS. Moreover, TCS degradation occurred in the mesophilic period and in the early stage of the thermophilic phase period. Finally, the degradation rates of TCS in sewage sludge samples composted with low-, medium-, and high-ventilation treatments were 48.1%, 59.0%, and 59.5%, respectively. Thus, high ventilation could provide enough oxygen for the pile and enhanced microorganism activity, benefiting the degradation of TCS. In addition, the microbial communities change during the composting process, and a diversity index of the changes can help explain the composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bao Yu
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuewei Wang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuang Ma
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Junaid M, Wang Y, Hamid N, Deng S, Li WG, Pei DS. Prioritizing selected PPCPs on the basis of environmental and toxicogenetic concerns: A toxicity estimation to confirmation approach. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 380:120828. [PMID: 31301631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), the pollutants of emerging concerns, present potential risks to the ecological environment. This study focused on the prioritization of widely used selected PPCPs belonging to two categories:personal care products (PCPs) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We predicted the toxicogenetic endpoints of PPCPs and then confirmed them using experimental approaches. Our results revealed a significant similarity in the findings obtained through both approaches, indicating NSAIDs with relatively high environmental impacts and in vitro/vivo toxicity. Experimental approach revealed that musk xylene (MX) from PCPs and DIC from NSAIDs as individual chemicals of priority concern showed elevated environmental impacts and significantly induced pi3k-akt-mTOR in vitro. Similarly, propyl paraben (PP) from PCPs and diclofenac (DIC) from NSAIDs caused significant cytotoxicity and DNA damage in vitro. Moreover, PP and MX from the PCPs group and naproxen (NAP) and DIC from the NSAIDs group induced developmental toxicity and perturbations to phases I, II, and III detoxification pathways in vivo. In addition, MX and DIC as priority PPCPs inhibited hematopoiesis and hepatogenesis in vivo. Apart from the specific effects, PPCPs can be ranked as: MX > PP > methylparaben (MP) for PCPs, and DIC > NAP > ibuprofen (IBU) for NSAIDs, regarding their toxic and environmental concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Naima Hamid
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Wei-Guo Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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43
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Juksu K, Zhao JL, Liu YS, Yao L, Sarin C, Sreesai S, Klomjek P, Jiang YX, Ying GG. Occurrence, fate and risk assessment of biocides in wastewater treatment plants and aquatic environments in Thailand. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:1110-1119. [PMID: 31470474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence and fate of 19 biocides in 8 wastewater treatment plants and receiving aquatic environments (both freshwater and estuarine systems) in Thailand. The predominant compound in wastewater and surface water was methylparaben with the maximum concentration of 15.2 μg/L detected in the receiving river, while in sludge and sediment was triclocarban with the maximum concentration of 8.47 μg/g in sludge. Triclosan was the main contaminants in the fish samples with the maximum concentration of 1.20 μg/g. Similar results of biocides were found in the estuarine system in Pattaya city, with the maximum concentration of 185 ng/L in sea water for methylparaben, and 242 ng/g in estuarine sediment for triclocarban. The aqueous removal rates for the biocides ranged from 15% to 95% in average. The back estimated-usage and total estimated emission of Ʃ19 biocides in Thailand was 279 and 202 tons/year, respectively. Preliminary ecological risk assessment showed that clotrimazole and triclosan could pose high risks to aquatic organisms in the receiving aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokthip Juksu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Charoon Sarin
- Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Siranee Sreesai
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pantip Klomjek
- Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Yu-Xia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Fan B, Li J, Wang X, Gao X, Chen J, Ai S, Li W, Huang Y, Liu Z. Study of aquatic life criteria and ecological risk assessment for triclocarban (TCC). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:112956. [PMID: 31362255 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.112956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triclocarban (TCC) is used as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, the intensive detection of TCC in aquatic environments and its potential risks to aquatic organisms are concerned worldwide. In this study, 8 Chinese resident aquatic organisms from 3 phyla and 8 families were used for the toxicity tests, and four methods were employed to derive the aquatic life criteria (ALC). A criterion maximum concentration (CMC) of 1.46 μg/L and a criterion continuous concentration (CCC) of 0.21 μg/L were derived according to the USEPA guidelines. The acute predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) derived by species sensitivity distribution (SSD) methods based on log-normal, log-logistic and Burr Type Ⅲ models were 2.64, 1.88 and 3.09 μg/L, respectively. The comparisons of ALCs derived with resident and non-resident species showed that the CMC and CCC of TCC derived with Chinese resident species could provide a sufficient protection for non-resident species. The higher toxicity of TCC on aquatic organisms was found compared with other antimicrobial agents (except for Clotrimazole) in aquatic environment. The strong positive linear correlation was observed between the TCC and TCS concentrations in aquatic environment with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.8104, it is of great significance in environmental monitoring and risk assessment for TCC and TCS. Finally, the ecological risk assessment showed that the TCC in Yellow River basin and Pearl River basin had higher risk with the mean potential affected fractions (PAFs) of 9.27% and 7.09%, and 22.10% and 15.00% waters may pose potential risk for 5% aquatic organisms, respectively. In general, the risk of TCC in Asian waters was higher than that in Europe and North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effects and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effects and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effects and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Xiangyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effects and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effects and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shunhao Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effects and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effects and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effects and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Yi X, Zhang C, Liu H, Wu R, Tian D, Ruan J, Zhang T, Huang M, Ying G. Occurrence and distribution of neonicotinoid insecticides in surface water and sediment of the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River, South China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:892-900. [PMID: 31234255 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Little information is available about the occurrence of neonicotinoid insecticides in surface water and sediment of the metropolitan regions around the rivers in China. Here we investigate the residual level of neonicotinoids in the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River. At least one or two neonicotinoids was detected in each surface water and sediment, and the total amount of neonicotinoids (∑5neonics) in surface water ranged from 92.6 to 321 ng/L with a geometric mean (GM) of 174 ng/L. Imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid were three frequently detected neonicotinoids (100%) from surface water. As for the sediment, total concentration was varied between 0.40 and 2.59 ng/g dw with a GM of 1.12 ng/g dw, and acetamiprid and thiacloprid were the common sediment neonicotinoids. Western and Front river-route of the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River suffered a higher neonicotinoids contamination than the Rear river-route, resulting from more effluents of WWTPs receiving, and intensive commercial and human activities. Level of residual neonicotinoids in surface water was significantly correlated with the water quality (p < 0.01), especially items of pH, DO and ORP, and nitrogen and phosphorus contaminants. Compared with reports about residual neonicotinoids in water and sediment previously, the metropolitan regions of the Guangzhou could be confronted with a moderate contamination and showed serious ecological threats (even heavier than the Pearl Rivers). Our results will provide valuable data for understanding of neonicotinoids contamination in the Pearl River Delta and be helpful for further assessing environmental risk of neonicotinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yi
- Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Geography and Planning, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Renren Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, PR China
| | - Di Tian
- School of Geography and Planning, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jujun Ruan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Mingzhi Huang
- Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Geography and Planning, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
| | - Guangguo Ying
- Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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Lv YZ, Yao L, Wang L, Liu WR, Zhao JL, He LY, Ying GG. Bioaccumulation, metabolism, and risk assessment of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in specific tissues of wild fish. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:607-615. [PMID: 30954895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may pose a great hazard to wildlife and humans, owing to their ubiquitous presence in the environment and potential bioaccumulation ability. We investigated the bioaccumulation, metabolism, and human health risks of six phenolic EDCs, including bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), in wild fish from the Pearl River system, South China. Except EE2, the other five EDCs were detected in at least one of the four fish tissues (bile, liver, plasma, and muscle). The concentrations of BPA and 4-NP were greater than those of 4-t-OP, E1, and E2 in all tissues. The median values of log bioaccumulation factors for EDCs at the range of 3.86-4.52 in bile, 2.06-3.16 in liver, 2.69-3.87 in plasma, and 1.34-2.30 in muscle, indicating a higher bioaccumulation potential in fish bile than in other tissues. Greater levels of glucuronide/sulfate conjugated EDCs were found in fish bile and liver than in the plasma and muscle, suggesting that the liver and bile played an important role in the metabolism and excretion of phenolic EDCs in fish. The calculated hazard quotient values were below 1 for each compound, implying low risk to human health by intake of edible fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Zhi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Yao
- Guangzhou Guangdong Institute of Analysis, China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Li Wang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PR China, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Wang-Rong Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PR China, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Liang-Ying He
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Zheng X, Yan Z, Liu P, Fan J, Wang S, Wang P, Zhang T. Research Progress on Toxic Effects and Water Quality Criteria of Triclosan. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:731-740. [PMID: 30949737 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is an effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that is widely used in personal care products. It has been detected in different environmental media, and poses high potential ecological risk. In this article, we carried out a literature review of recent studies on the toxic effects of TCS from different aspects at the molecular, cell, tissue, organ, and individual level. TCS can exhibit acute toxicity to aquatic organisms, affect the normal expression and physiological function of enzymes and genes, and produce cytotoxicity. Many studies have demonstrated that TCS exerts significant endocrine-disrupting effects on organisms, interfering the normal physiological functions of the reproductive, thyroid, and nervous systems via related signaling pathways. Moreover, we reported current research on the water quality criteria of TCS and discuss possible future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peiyuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Juntao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
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Yao L, Lv YZ, Zhang LJ, Liu WR, Zhao JL, Yang YY, Jia YW, Liu YS, He LY, Ying GG. Bioaccumulation and risks of 24 personal care products in plasma of wild fish from the Yangtze River, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 665:810-819. [PMID: 30790753 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We used a hybrid precipitation method to simultaneously extract and analyze 24 personal care products (PCPs), including 16 biocides, 4 synthetic musks, and 4 benzotriazoles, in the plasma of fish. The method's performance was validated for plasma samples with and without β-glucuronidase/aryl-sulfatase hydrolysis. The recoveries were in the range of 70-120% for most of the PCPs, except N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), clotrimazole (CTZ), miconazole and itraconazole at spiking concentration of 20 and 5 ng/mL. The quantification limits ranged between 0.89 and 17.9 ng/mL (hydrolyzed plasma) and 0.85-18.5 ng/mL (non-hydrolyzed plasma), except CTZ at 77.5 ng/mL and 76.3 ng/mL. Totally, 13 PCPs were detected in plasma samples of fish collected from the Yangtze River, with a maximum concentration of 58.4 ng/mL (galaxolide). Compounds with the phenol hydroxyl groups of parabens or triclosan in hydrolyzed plasma showed higher concentrations than those in unhydrolyzed plasma with the ratio of conjugation (glucuronides + sulfates) forms up to 86%. The median values for the logarithm of bioaccumulation factors were between 1.39 and 4.15, which were 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the theoretical logarithm of bioconcentration factors. Using the fish plasma model, the effect ratios (effect concentration/measured plasma concentration ratios) of tonalide, galaxolide, benzotriazole, triclosan, and DEET reached 0.35, 4.15, 3.78, 7.52, and 9.24, respectively. These are recognized as priority chemicals for further risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; China National Analytical Center (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yin-Zhi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRC, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Wang-Rong Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRC, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu-Wei Jia
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liang-Ying He
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Jia W, Hu C, Xu J, Ming J, Zhao Y, Cai M, Sun X, Liu X, Zhao X. Dissolved organic matter derived from rape straw pretreated with selenium in soil improves the inhibition of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum growth. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 369:601-610. [PMID: 30825806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) is a soil-borne pathogen with broad host range. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a vital role in regulating microbial activity in soil. Exogenous selenium (Se) inhibits plant pathogen growth and enhances the capacity of plants to resist disease. DOM from rape straw with Se treated in soil (RSDOMSe) was extracted, and the inhibitory effect on S. sclerotiorum growth was investigated. RSDOMSe inhibited S. sclerotiorum growth, which not only caused severe damage to S. sclerotiorum hyphae but also enhanced soluble protein leakage, thereby improving the growth inhibition ratio by 20.9%. As the action in intercellular, RSDOMSe led to a significant increase in oxalic acid and decrease in CWDE (cell wall-degrading enzyme, which helps pathogens to invade plants) activities, downregulation of Bi1 (BAX inhibitor-1, required for S. sclerotiorum virulence), Ggt1 (γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, regulates the ROS antioxidant system), CWDE2 and CWDE10 gene expression levels, compared with non-Se treated RSDOM (RSDOMN). Eight metabolites upregulated in RSDOMSe were identified by GC-TOF-MS, and among these metabolites, fumaric acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, mucic acid, saccharic acid, succunic acid and phenylacetic acid showed significant inhibition on S. sclerotiorum growth. These findings provide valuable insight into a new approach for developing eco-friendly fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Research Center of Trace Elements/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - ChengXiao Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Research Center of Trace Elements/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - JiaYang Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Research Center of Trace Elements/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - JiaJia Ming
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Research Center of Trace Elements/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - YuanYuan Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Research Center of Trace Elements/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - MiaoMiao Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Research Center of Trace Elements/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - XueCheng Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Research Center of Trace Elements/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - XinWei Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Research Center of Trace Elements/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - XiaoHu Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Research Center of Trace Elements/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Chen J, Liu YS, Deng WJ, Ying GG. Removal of steroid hormones and biocides from rural wastewater by an integrated constructed wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:358-365. [PMID: 30640104 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones and biocides are regarded as emerging contaminants in rural wastewater in China, owing to their widespread occurrence and adverse effects on both aquatic organisms and humans. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are an alternative technology for cost-effective and efficient decentralized rural sewage treatment. In this study, an integrated constructed wetland (ICW) system was built and used to treat a typical rural wastewater mixture composed of domestic sewage and livestock wastewater from a small village. As expected, five steroid hormones (ADD, AED, 19-NTD, T, and P) and four biocides (DEET, TCS, CBD, and MP) were detected in the influent in concentrations ranging from 30.5 ± 1.25 ng/L to 105 ± 5.14 ng/L and from 63.4 ± 2.85 ng/L to 515 ± 19.7 ng/L, respectively. The ICW system effectively removed the detected steroid hormones (97.4 ± 0.09%) and biocides (92.4 ± 0.54%). Based on the measured concentrations, the total pollution loadings of the detected steroid hormones and biocides in the influent were calculated to be 2330 ± 26.5 μg/day and 5710 ± 196 μg/day, which decreased to 60.8 ± 1.44 μg/day and 433 ± 25.6 μg/day in the final effluent. The risk quotients for these steroid hormones and biocides in the effluent from the ICW system were lower than those from reported wastewater treatment plants, indicating that CWs are a promising technology for removing contaminants including steroid hormones and biocides in rural wastewater, although additional efforts are required to optimize and improve the design of CWs before the steroid hormones and biocides present in the effluent can be safely and directly discharged into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jing Deng
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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