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Razzaq U, Nguyen TB, Saleem MU, Le VR, Chen CW, Bui XT, Dong CD. Recent progress in electro-Fenton technology for the remediation of pharmaceutical compounds in aqueous environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174253. [PMID: 38936713 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The global focus on wastewater treatment has intensified in the contemporary era due to its significant environmental and human health impacts. Pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) have become an emerging concern among various pollutants, as they resist conventional treatment methods and pose a severe environmental threat. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) emerge as a potent and environmentally benign approach for treating recalcitrant pharmaceuticals. To address the shortcomings of traditional treatment methods, a technology known as the electro-Fenton (EF) method has been developed more recently as an electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) that connects electrochemistry to the chemical Fenton process. It has shown effective in treating a variety of pharmaceutically active compounds and actual wastewaters. By producing H2O2 in situ through a two-electron reduction of dissolved O2 on an appropriate cathode, the EF process maximizes the benefits of electrochemistry. Herein, we have critically reviewed the application of the EF process, encompassing diverse reactor types and configurations, the underlying mechanisms involved in the degradation of pharmaceuticals and other emerging contaminants (ECs), and the impact of electrode materials on the process. The review also addresses the factors influencing the efficiency of the EF process, such as (i) pH, (ii) current density, (iii) H2O2 concentration, (iv) and others, while providing insight into the scalability potential of EF technology and its commercialization on a global scale. The review delves into future perspectives and implications concerning the ongoing challenges encountered in the operation of the electro-Fenton process for the treatment of PCs and other ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Razzaq
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Thanh-Binh Nguyen
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Usman Saleem
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan
| | - Van-Re Le
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade (HUIT), 140 Le Trong Tan Street, Tan Phu District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Thu Duc city, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
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2
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Ivantsova E, Henry EE, Konig I, English CD, Souders CL, Point AD, Simmons DBD, Martyniuk CJ. Waterborne exposure to the antineoplastic 5-fluorouracil alters lipid composition in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172377. [PMID: 38604366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Antineoplastic medications are present in aquatic environments and are measured at relatively high concentrations in hospital sewage effluent. Thus, it is important to characterize risk associated with waterborne exposures to anticancer drugs. The drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is used to treat several types of cancers, acting to inhibit cell division and cellular metabolism. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of 5-FU on developmental endpoints and lipid composition in zebrafish. 5-FU did not negatively affect development nor survival in developing zebrafish at concentrations up to 1000 μg/L. However, 5-FU increased neutral lipid content in zebrafish larvae, indicating potential for lipid dysregulation. To further discern effects on lipids, lipidomics was conducted and a total of 164 lipids belonging to 14 lipid classes were identified. Significant changes (false discovery rate < 0.05) in abundance were detected for 19 lipids including some ceramides, ether-linked phosphatidylethanolamines, and sphingomyelins among others. We also measured the expression levels of 14 lipid-related enzymes and transporters (e.g., acox3, dgat1, fads2, fasn, elovl2) using real-time PCR; however, mRNA abundance levels were not affected, suggesting transcriptional changes may not be a primary mechanism underlying lipid dysregulation. Locomotor activity was measured in zebrafish as lipids are needed for swimming activity in larvae. Exposure to 5-FU did not affect locomotor activity up to 1000 μg/L. We conclude that lipids accumulate in larval zebrafish with exposure to 5-FU, which can subsequently affect lipid composition. These data reveal potential lipid signatures of 5-FU exposure and contribute to risk assessments for antineoplastic exposure in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ivantsova
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Evelyn E Henry
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Isaac Konig
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cole D English
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher L Souders
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Adam D Point
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe St. North, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Denina B D Simmons
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe St. North, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, USA.
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Popiołek Ł, Gawrońska-Grzywacz M, Dziduch A, Biernasiuk A, Piątkowska-Chmiel I, Herbet M. Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro and In Vivo Bioactivity Studies of Hydrazide-Hydrazones of 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17481. [PMID: 38139308 PMCID: PMC10743905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, twenty-four hydrazide-hydrazones of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid were designed, synthesized, and subjected to in vitro and in vivo bioactivity studies. The chemical structure of the obtained compounds was confirmed by spectral methods. Antimicrobial activity screening was performed against a panel of microorganisms for all synthesized hydrazide-hydrazones. The performed assays revealed the interesting antibacterial activity of a few substances against Gram-positive bacterial strains including MRSA-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 (compound 18: 2,4-dihydroxy-N-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide-Minimal Inhibitory Concentration, MIC = 3.91 µg/mL). In addition, we performed the in vitro screening of antiproliferative activity and also assessed the acute toxicity of six hydrazide-hydrazones. The following human cancer cell lines were used: 769-P, HepG2, H1563, and LN-229, and the viability of the cells was assessed using the MTT method. The HEK-293 cell line was used as a reference line. The toxicity was tested in vivo on Danio rerio embryos using the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) test procedure according to OECD No. 236. The inhibitory concentration values obtained in the in vitro test showed that N-[(4-nitrophenyl)methylidene]-2,4-dihydroxybenzhydrazide (21) inhibited cancer cell proliferation the most, with an extremely low IC50 (Inhibitory Concentration) value, estimated at 0.77 µM for LN-229. In addition, each of the compounds tested was selective against cancer cell lines. The compounds with a nitrophenyl substituent were the most promising in terms of inhibition cancer cell proliferation. The toxicity against zebrafish embryos and larvae was also very low or moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Popiołek
- Chair and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Gawrońska-Grzywacz
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8B Jaczewskiego Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.G.-G.); (I.P.-C.); (M.H.)
| | - Aleksandra Dziduch
- Chair and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Biernasiuk
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Iwona Piątkowska-Chmiel
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8B Jaczewskiego Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.G.-G.); (I.P.-C.); (M.H.)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 8B Jaczewskiego Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.G.-G.); (I.P.-C.); (M.H.)
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Hema T, Mohanthi S, Umamaheswari S, Ramesh M, Ren Z, Poopal RK. A study to assess the health effects of an anticancer drug (cyclophosphamide) in zebrafish ( Danio rerio): eco-toxicity of emerging contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:870-884. [PMID: 37010127 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00527a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is widely used for treating various kinds of cancer. Because of its high intake, metabolism and excretion, these anticancer medications have been detected in the aquatic environment. There is very limited data on the toxicity and effects of CP on aquatic organisms. The present study aims to assess the toxic effect of CP on certain oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase-SOD, catalase-CAT, glutathione peroxidase-GPx, glutathione-GSH, glutathione S-transferases-GST and lipid peroxidation-LPO), protein, glucose, metabolising enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase-AST, alanine aminotransferase-ALT), and ion-regulatory markers (sodium ions-Na+, potassium ions-K+, and chloride ions-Cl-), and histology in the gills and liver of Danio rerio at environmentally relevant concentrations (10, 100 and 1000 ng L-1). Exposure to CP for 42 days led to a significant decrease in SOD, CAT, GST, GPx and GSH levels in the gills and liver tissues of zebrafish. The level of lipid peroxidation in the gills and liver tissues of zebrafish was significantly increased compared to the control group. Chronic exposure significantly changes protein, glucose, AST, ALT, Na+, K+ and Cl- biomarkers. Fish exposed to different levels of CP showed necrosis, inflammation, degeneration and hemorrhage in the gills and hepatic tissues. The observed changes in the studied tissue biomarkers were proportional to both dose and time. In conclusion, CP at environmentally relevant concentrations causes oxidative stress, energy demand, homeostasis disturbances, and enzyme and histological alterations in the vital tissues of zebrafish. These alterations were similar to the toxic effects reported in mammalian models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilselvan Hema
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, TamilNadu, India.
| | - Sundaram Mohanthi
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, TamilNadu, India.
| | - Sathisaran Umamaheswari
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, TamilNadu, India.
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, TamilNadu, India.
| | - Zongming Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rama-Krishnan Poopal
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, People's Republic of China.
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Castellano-Hinojosa A, Gallardo-Altamirano MJ, González-López J, González-Martínez A. Anticancer drugs in wastewater and natural environments: A review on their occurrence, environmental persistence, treatment, and ecological risks. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 447:130818. [PMID: 36680899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of anticancer drugs (also known as chemotherapy drugs or antineoplastic drugs) has augmented over the last decades due to increased cancer incidence. Although there is an increasing concern about the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in natural environments and urban/domestic wastewater, anticancer drugs used in chemotherapy and anticancer medication have received less attention. In this review, the occurrence, environmental persistence, and known and potential ecological impacts of anticancer drugs is discussed. This review shows that these compounds are being increasingly detected in effluents of hospitals, influents and effluents of wastewater treatment plants, river surface water and sediments, groundwater, and even drinking water. Anticancer drugs can impact aquatic organisms such as algae, crustaceans, rotifers, and fish and may promote changes in soil and water microbial communities that may alter ecosystem functioning. Our knowledge of technologies for the removal of anticancer drugs is still limited, and these drugs can be dispersed in nature in a diffuse way in an uncontrolled manner. For this reason, an improved understanding of the presence, persistence, and ecological impacts of anticancer drugs in wastewater and natural environments is needed to help design management strategies, protect aquatic microorganisms, and mitigate potential ecological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesús González-López
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramon y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Damasceno ÉP, Ribeiro F, Costa-Lotufo LV, Soares AMVM, Pavlaki MD, Loureiro S. Assessing the impact of antineoplastic drugs in the aquatic environment: State of the art and future perspective for freshwater organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 99:104109. [PMID: 36921700 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Since the late 70s, the continuous pharmaceuticals` input into the environment has raised concerns regarding the eventual risk posed by such compounds to human and environmental health. A major group of pharmaceuticals in terms of environmental impact are the antineoplastic agents (AAs). Herein, we followed a systematic review method to retrieve antineoplastic agents (AAs') ecotoxicological information regarding freshwater species. In this analysis, data from diverse taxonomic groups, from microorganisms to vertebrate species, looked at different levels of biological organization, including cell lines. Furthermore, this review gathers ecotoxicological parameters (EC50 and LC50) for imatinib (IM), cisplatin (CisPt), and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves and estimates the hazard concentration (HC5) considering the protection of 95% of the ecological community. Lastly, we suggest how we can improve AAs' Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA), considering potential adoptable toxicity endpoints, test duration, AAs metabolites testing, and AAs mixture exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Évila Pinheiro Damasceno
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Fabianne Ribeiro
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Leticia V Costa-Lotufo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria D Pavlaki
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Loureiro
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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7
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Janik-Karpinska E, Brancaleoni R, Niemcewicz M, Wojtas W, Foco M, Podogrocki M, Bijak M. Healthcare Waste-A Serious Problem for Global Health. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:242. [PMID: 36673610 PMCID: PMC9858835 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare waste (HCW) is generated in different healthcare facilities (HCFs), such as hospitals, laboratories, veterinary clinics, research centres and nursing homes. It has been assessed that the majority of medical waste does not pose a risk to humans. It is estimated that 15% of the total amount of produced HCW is hazardous and can be infectious, toxic or radioactive. Hazardous waste is a special type of waste which, if not properly treated, can pose a risk to human health and to the environment. HCW contains potentially harmful microorganisms that can be spread among healthcare personnel, hospital patients and the general public, causing serious illnesses. Healthcare personnel are the specialists especially exposed to this risk. The most common medical procedure, which pose the highest risk, is injection (i.e, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, taking blood samples). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that around 16 billion injections are administered worldwide each year. However, if safety precautions are not followed, and needles and syringes are not properly disposed of, the risk of sharps injuries increases among medical staff, waste handlers and waste collectors. What is more, sharps injuries increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV/HCV), tuberculosis (TB), diphtheria, malaria, syphilis, brucellosis and other transmissions. Disposing of medical waste in a landfill without segregation and processing will result in the entry of harmful microorganisms, chemicals or pharmaceuticals into soil and groundwater, causing their contamination. Open burning or incinerator malfunctioning will result in the emission of toxic substances, such as dioxins and furans, into the air. In order to reduce the negative impact of medical waste, waste management principles should be formulated. To minimize health risks, it is also important to build awareness among health professionals and the general public through various communication and educational methods. The aim of this paper is to present a general overwiev of medical waste, its categories, the principles of its management and the risks to human health and the environment resulting from inappropriate waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Janik-Karpinska
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rachele Brancaleoni
- Bed Management Unit, Agostino Gemelli IRCCS University Hospital Foundation, Via della Pineta Sacchetti 217, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcin Niemcewicz
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wiktor Wojtas
- European Commission, Directorate-General Migration and Home Affairs, Rue du Luxembourg 46, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maurizio Foco
- Emergency Surgery Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Pineta Sacchetti 217, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcin Podogrocki
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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8
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Pirzaman AT, Ebrahimi P, Doostmohamadian S, Karim B, Almasi D, Madani F, Moghadamnia A, Kazemi S. 5-Flourouracil-induced toxicity in both male and female reproductive systems: A narrative review. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231217988. [PMID: 38064424 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231217988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic drug 5-flourouracil (5FU) is frequently used to treat a wide range of solid malignant tumors, such as colorectal, pancreatic, gastric, breast, and head and neck cancers. Its antitumoral effects are achieved by interfering with the synthesis of RNA and DNA and by inhibiting thymidylate synthase in both malignant and non-malignant cells. Therefore, it can be responsible for severe toxicities in crucial body organs, including heart, liver, kidney, and reproductive system. Given the fact that 5FU-induced reproductive toxicity may limit the clinical application of this drug, in this study, we aimed to discuss the main locations and mechanisms of the 5FU-induced reproductive toxicity. Initially, we discussed the impact of 5FU on the male reproductive system, which leads to damage of the seminiferous epithelial cells and the development of vacuoles in Sertoli cells. Although no noticeable changes occur at the histopathological level, there is a decrease in the weight of the prostate. Additionally, 5FU causes significant abnormalities in spermatogenesis, including germ cell shedding, spermatid halo formation, polynucleated giant cells, and decreased sperm count. Finally, in females, 5FU-induced reproductive toxicity is characterized by the presence of atretic secondary and antral follicles with reduced numbers of growing follicles, ovarian weight, and maturity impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Tavakoli Pirzaman
- Student research committee, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - Pouyan Ebrahimi
- Student research committee, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Bardia Karim
- Student research committee, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - Darya Almasi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Madani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Moghadamnia
- Student research committee, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
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9
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Liu R, Wang L, Wu R, Liu S, Korshin GV, Han W. Active-chlorine-mediated oxidation of 5-fluorouracil on a hierarchically ordered macroporous RuO 2 electrode. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134728. [PMID: 35487356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A hierarchically ordered macroporous RuO2 electrode (HOM-RuO2) was fabricated to enhance in situ active chlorine production in an electrochemical system intended for treatment of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs). The unique structure of HOM-RuO2 resulted in a decrease of the chlorine evolution potential, a large electro-active area available for in situ conversion of Cl- to active chlorine, and hence improved the active chlorine production by 40%. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was used as a target pollutant to explore the performance of the HOM-RuO2 for PhACs degradation based on the in situ generated active chlorine. The results showed that the reaction rate of active-chlorine-mediated oxidation of 5-FU produced using the HOM-RuO2 was 18.4 times higher than that in the case of hydroxyl radicals (OH)-initiated oxidation using a PbO2 electrode at 30 mA cm-2. The effects of current density and initial solution pH on the 5-FU removal were investigated. The mechanism of 5-FU degradation was proposed taking into accounts both active chlorine production, and change of the speciation of 5-FU caused by pH variations. The dominant degradation products observed for the degradation of 5-FU using the HOM-RuO2 were lactic acid, propanol, acetic acid, urea and other small molecules, but no chlorinated products were detected. These study demonstrates the promise of the HOM-RuO2-based electrochemical systems for the active-chlorine-mediated treatment of recalcitrant pharmaceuticals found in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqian Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Ruiqin Wu
- Beijing Xinzhiheng Technology HoldIngsCO., LTD, Bejing, 10080, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, United States.
| | - Gregory V Korshin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, United States
| | - Weiqing Han
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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10
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Poirier Larabie S, Jutras M, Leclair G, St-Jean I, Kleinert C, Gagné F, Gagnon C. Evaluation of uptake of the cytostatic methotrexate in Elliptio complanata mussels by LC-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:45303-45313. [PMID: 35146607 PMCID: PMC9209350 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are continuously exposed to emerging contaminants coming from urban effluents of wastewater treatment plants. The contamination of surface water by those effluents poses a number of environmental risks, and pharmaceuticals are part of this class of effluent contaminants. Various classes of pharmaceuticals are not treated by wastewater treatment plants and anticancer drugs are part of them. The chemotherapy drug methotrexate (MTX) is an emerging contaminant and its growing use with the increase in cancer cases worldwide raises potential risk to aquatic organisms exposed to effluent discharges. However, chemical analyses in exposed freshwater aquatic organisms for ecotoxicological studies are rarely available and no studies have been done yet to accompany ecotoxicological data of exposed filter-feeding organisms. The purpose of this study was to develop a specific and sensitive analytical LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of methotrexate uptake in mussels exposed at different concentrations of the drug. A solid/liquid extraction followed by solid phase extraction (SPE) using an MCX phase purification scheme was optimized. The optimal recovery of 65% and matrix effect of 38% allowed to achieve a limit of quantification of 0.25 ng g-1, with an accuracy of 99-106%, a precision of no more than 3% RSD, and linearity ranging from 0.25 to 25 ng g-1. This methodology was tested with mussels exposed for 96 h at different concentrations (4 to 100 µg L-1) of MTX. The data revealed tissue uptake at concentrations ranging from 0 to 2.53 ng g-1. This suggests that this drug has low uptake potential and this methodology could be used to examine tissue levels of this drug in organisms continuously exposed to urban pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Poirier Larabie
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill St., 8th floor, Montréal, Québec, H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Martin Jutras
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Plateforme de biopharmacieC.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Grégoire Leclair
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Plateforme de biopharmacieC.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Isabelle St-Jean
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Plateforme de biopharmacieC.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Christine Kleinert
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill St., 8th floor, Montréal, Québec, H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - François Gagné
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill St., 8th floor, Montréal, Québec, H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Christian Gagnon
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, 105 McGill St., 8th floor, Montréal, Québec, H2Y 2E7, Canada.
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11
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Ortúzar M, Esterhuizen M, Olicón-Hernández DR, González-López J, Aranda E. Pharmaceutical Pollution in Aquatic Environments: A Concise Review of Environmental Impacts and Bioremediation Systems. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:869332. [PMID: 35558129 PMCID: PMC9087044 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of emerging contaminants in the environment, such as pharmaceuticals, is a growing global concern. The excessive use of medication globally, together with the recalcitrance of pharmaceuticals in traditional wastewater treatment systems, has caused these compounds to present a severe environmental problem. In recent years, the increase in their availability, access and use of drugs has caused concentrations in water bodies to rise substantially. Considered as emerging contaminants, pharmaceuticals represent a challenge in the field of environmental remediation; therefore, alternative add-on systems for traditional wastewater treatment plants are continuously being developed to mitigate their impact and reduce their effects on the environment and human health. In this review, we describe the current status and impact of pharmaceutical compounds as emerging contaminants, focusing on their presence in water bodies, and analyzing the development of bioremediation systems, especially mycoremediation, for the removal of these pharmaceutical compounds with a special focus on fungal technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Ortúzar
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Edificio Departamental, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maranda Esterhuizen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Finland and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Joint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe, Saarbrücken, Germany.,University of Manitoba, Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth, and Resources, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Darío Rafael Olicón-Hernández
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús González-López
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elisabet Aranda
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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12
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Breljak D, Micek V, Gerić M, Gajski G, Oguić SK, Rašić D, Karaica D, Madunić IV, Ljubojević M, Orct T, Jurasović J, Jovanović IN, Peraica M, Nanić L, Rubelj I, Sabolić I. Long-term effects of melatonin and resveratrol on aging rats: A multi-biomarker approach. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 876-877:503443. [PMID: 35483776 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related impaired body structure and functions may be, at least partially, caused by elevated oxidative stress. Melatonin (MEL) and resveratrol (RSV) may act as antioxidant and anti-aging compounds, but these actions in experimental animals and humans are controversial. Herein, a rat model of aging was used to study the long-term sex-related effects of MEL and RSV treatment on body mass and blood/plasma parameters of DNA damage, oxidative status (glutathione and malondialdehyde levels), and concentrations of sex hormones. Starting from the age of 3mo, for the next 9mo or 21mo male and female Wistar rats (n = 4-7 per group) were given water to drink (controls) or 0.1 % ethanol in water (vehicle), or MEL or RSV (each 10 mg/L vehicle). DNA damage in whole blood cells was tested by comet assay, whereas in plasma, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and sex hormones were determined by established methods. Using statistical analysis of data by ANOVA/Scheffe post hoc, we observed a similar sex- and aging-dependent rise of body mass in both sexes and drop of plasma testosterone in control and vehicle-treated male rats, whose pattern remained unaffected by MEL and RSV treatment. Compared with controls, all other parameters remained largely unchanged in aging and differently treated male and female rats. We concluded that the sex- and aging-related pattern of growth and various blood parameters in rats were not affected by the long-term treatment with MEL and RSV at the estimated daily doses (300-400 μg/kg b.m.) that exceed usual moderate consumption in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davorka Breljak
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vedran Micek
- Laboratory Animals Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Gerić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saša Kralik Oguić
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Center, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Rašić
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dean Karaica
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Vrhovac Madunić
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Ljubojević
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Novak Jovanović
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Peraica
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucia Nanić
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Rubelj
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Sabolić
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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13
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Vijitkul P, Kongsema M, Toommakorn T, Bullangpoti V. Investigation of genotoxicity, mutagenicity, and cytotoxicity in erythrocytes of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) after fluoxetine exposure. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:588-596. [PMID: 35392157 PMCID: PMC8980867 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoxetine (FLX) is an antidepressant that is increasingly being detected in aquatic environments. However, this contaminated FLX can affect aquatic organisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic, mutagenic, and cytotoxic potential of FLX on erythrocytes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after acute exposure. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of FLX (10, 100 and 1000 µg/L) for 96 h. Then, the condition factor (K value) was used to assess the general fish condition. The genotoxicity was investigated using a comet assay, and the mutagenicity was examined using micronucleus (MN) and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENAs) assays. In addition, the cytotoxicity was analyzed by erythrocyte morphometry and erythrocyte maturity index (EMI). The results showed that FLX did not affect the fish's health. Nevertheless, 100 and 1000 µg/L FLX significantly increased DNA damage. Furthermore, a higher concentration of FLX presented a significantly increased frequency of MNs and ENAs, also leading to changes in some erythrocyte morphometric indices and significantly decreased mature erythrocytes. In conclusion, our results indicate that FLX induces genotoxic, mutagenic, and cytotoxic effects in erythrocytes of O. niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pachara Vijitkul
- Animal Toxicology and Specialty Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Phahonyothin Road, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Mesayamas Kongsema
- Animal Toxicology and Specialty Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Phahonyothin Road, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Thularath Toommakorn
- Animal Toxicology and Specialty Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Phahonyothin Road, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Vasakorn Bullangpoti
- Animal Toxicology and Specialty Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Phahonyothin Road, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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14
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Nassour C, Nabhani-Gebara S, Barton SJ, Barker J. Aquatic ecotoxicology of anticancer drugs: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149598. [PMID: 34426323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs in the aquatic environment have drawn a lot of attention in the last decade. Since wastewater treatment plants are inefficient at fully eliminating trace concentrations of anticancer drugs, these compounds are continuously discharged into the aquatic environment. Subsequently, non-target organisms such as the aquatic biota are directly exposed to a variety of anticancer drugs. To understand the potential impact on the aquatic organisms, a systematic review was conducted in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines. The results acquired from the 152 included studies were analysed and sorted into four categories: the impact of each included anticancer drug, the effect of metabolites, the effect of a mixture of drugs, and risk assessment. Findings showed that risk to the aquatic biota was unlikely to occur as the concentrations needed to induce effects were much higher than those detected in the environment. However, these data were based on acute toxicity and included only basic toxicity endpoints. The concentrations that produced significant effects were much lower when tested in the long-term or in multi-generational studies. Heterogeneity in results was also observed; this depended on the organism tested, the assessment adopted, and the endpoints selected. In this systematic review, an overall view of the research studies was generated by which all the variability factors to be considered were reported and recommendations to guide future studies were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Nassour
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Shereen Nabhani-Gebara
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Stephen J Barton
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - James Barker
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
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15
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Li D, Chen H, Liu H, Schlenk D, Mu J, Lacorte S, Ying GG, Xie L. Anticancer drugs in the aquatic ecosystem: Environmental occurrence, ecotoxicological effect and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 153:106543. [PMID: 33813231 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs are a group of therapeutic agents used to enhance cell death in targeted cell types of neoplasia. Because of frequent use and eventual discharge, they have been often detected in wastewater from pharmaceutical factories and hospitals, domestic wastewater, and surface waters. The occurrence of these drugs in aquatic ecosystems and their effects on aquatic organisms have been poorly characterized. This review focuses on the global occurrence of major classes of anticancer drugs in water and sediments of freshwater ecosystems and their ecotoxicological effects at different biological levels. While the availability of data is fairly limited, concentrations of most anticancer drugs range from < 2 ng/L to 762 µg/L in receiving water, while levels in sediments and sludge vary from 0.25 to 42.5 µg/kg. Their detection frequencies were 58%, 52% (78%) and 59% in hospital wastewater, wastewater treatment plant effluents (influents) and surface water, respectively. Predicted log Kow values of vincristine, imatinib mesylate and tamoxifen are higher than 3 and have estimated half-lives>60 d in waters using quantitative structure-activity relationship models, indicating high potential for persistence and bioaccumulation. Based on a species sensitivity distribution evaluation of 9 compounds, crustaceans are most sensitive to anticancer drugs. The most hazardous compound is cisplatin which has a hazard concentration at the 5th percentile. For Daphnia magna, the acute toxicities of major classes of anticancer drugs are ranked as platinum complexes > endocrine therapy agents > antibiotics > antimetabolite agents > alkylating agents. Using hazard quotient analysis based primarily on the lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs), cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, imatinib mesylate, bicalutamide, etoposide and paclitaxel have the highest hazard for aquatic organisms. Further research is needed to identify appropriate chronic endpoints for risk assessment thresholds as well as to better understand the mechanisms of action and the potential multigenerational toxicity, and trophic transfer in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongxing Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongsong Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Jingli Mu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lingtian Xie
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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16
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Canedo A, Rocha TL. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) using as model for genotoxicity and DNA repair assessments: Historical review, current status and trends. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:144084. [PMID: 33383303 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic pollutants lead to both DNA damage and changes in cell repair mechanisms. Selecting suitable biomonitors is a fundamental step in genotoxicity studies. Thus, zebrafish have become a popular model used to assess the genotoxicity of different pollutants in recent years. They have orthologous genes with humans and hold almost all genes involved in different repair pathways. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to summarize the existing literature on zebrafish using as model system to assess the genotoxicity of different pollutants. Revised data have shown that comet assay is the main technique adopted in these studies. However, it is necessary standardizing the technique applied to zebrafish in order to enable better result interpretation and comparisons. Overall, pollutants lead to single-strand breaks (SSB), double-strand breaks (DSB), adduct formation, as well as to changes in the expression of genes involved in repair mechanisms. Although analyzing repair mechanisms is essential to better understand the genotoxic effects caused by pollutants, few studies have analyzed repair capacity. The current review reinforces the need of conducting further studies on the role played by repair pathways in zebrafish subjected to DNA damage. Revised data have shown that zebrafish are a suitable model to assess pollutant-induced genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryelle Canedo
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil..
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17
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Insight into the Sorption of 5-Fluorouracil and Methotrexate onto Soil-pH, Ionic Strength, and Co-Contaminant Influence. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061674. [PMID: 33802784 PMCID: PMC8002423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays anticancer drugs (ADs), like other pharmaceuticals, are recognized as new emerging pollutants, meaning that they are not commonly monitored in the environment; however, they have great potential to enter the environment and cause adverse effects there. The current scientific literature highlights the problem of their presence in the aquatic environment by publishing more and more results on their analytics and ecotoxicological evaluation. In order to properly assess the risk associated with the presence of ADs in the environment, it is also necessary to investigate the processes that are important in understanding the environmental fate of these compounds. However, the state of knowledge on mobility of ADs in the environment is still very limited. Therefore, the main aim of our study was to investigate the sorption potential of two anticancer drugs, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and methotrexate (MTX), onto different soils. Special attention was paid to the determination of the influence of pH and ionic strength as well as presence of co-contaminants (cadmium (Cd2+) and another pharmaceutical-metoprolol (MET)) on the sorption of 5-FU and MTX onto soil. The obtained distribution coefficient values (Kd) ranged from 2.52 to 6.36 L·kg-1 and from 6.79 to 12.94 L·kg-1 for 5-FU and MTX, respectively. Investigated compounds may be classified as slightly or low mobile in the soil matrix (depending on soil). 5-FU may be recognized as more mobile in comparison to MET. It was proved that presence of other soil contaminants may strongly influence their mobility in soil structures. The investigated co-contaminant (MET) caused around 25-fold increased sorption of 5-FU, whereas diminished sorption of MTX. Moreover, the influence of environmental conditions such as pH and ionic strength on their sorption has been clearly demonstrated.
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18
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Novak M, Baebler Š, Žegura B, Rotter A, Gajski G, Gerić M, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Bakos K, Csenki Z, Kovács R, Horváth Á, Gazsi G, Filipič M. Deregulation of whole-transcriptome gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) after chronic exposure to low doses of imatinib mesylate in a complete life cycle study. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128097. [PMID: 33297093 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (IM) is an anticancer drug that belongs to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We report the results of the first investigation of the chronic exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to IM. The exposure to IM (0.01, 1 and 100 μg/L) was initiated in adult fish and continued through hatching and the offspring generation for seven months. In addition to standard toxicological endpoints, induction of genotoxic effects and whole-genome transcriptome of liver samples of offspring generation of zebrafish were analysed. Exposure to IM did not affect the survival and growth of zebrafish, did not cause any histopathological changes, but it induced a marginal increase in the chromosomal damage in blood cells. The whole-genome transcriptome analyses demonstrated dose-dependent increase in the number of differentially expressed genes with a significantly higher number of deregulated genes in female fish compared to male. Differentially expressed genes included genes involved in response to DNA damage, cell cycle control and regulation of circadian rhythm. Based on the low genotoxic activity and the pattern of the changes in DNA damage responsive genes we consider that at current environmental exposure levels, IM represents low risk for genotoxic effects in aquatic organisms. Exposure to IM also induced deregulation of the expression of genes associated with steroidogenesis and hormone metabolism and function, which indicates hormone-disrupting activity of IM that has not been studied so far. The study provide new information on the potential consequences of chronic exposure to the residues of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which remain to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Novak
- National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Špela Baebler
- National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojana Žegura
- National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Rotter
- National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Gerić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katalin Bakos
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, 1. Pater Károly U, H-2100, Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Csenki
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, 1. Pater Károly U, H-2100, Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Róbert Kovács
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, 1. Pater Károly U, H-2100, Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Ákos Horváth
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, 1. Pater Károly U, H-2100, Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Gazsi
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute for Conservation of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, 1. Pater Károly U, H-2100, Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Metka Filipič
- National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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19
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van der Ven LTM, Schoonen WG, Groot RM, den Ouden F, Heusinkveld HJ, Zwart EP, Hodemaekers HM, Rorije E, de Knecht J. The effects of aliphatic alcohols and related acid metabolites in zebrafish embryos - correlations with rat developmental toxicity and with effects in advanced life stages in fish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 407:115249. [PMID: 32979392 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish embryo toxicity test (ZFET) is a simple medium-throughput test to inform about (sub)acute lethal effects in embryos. Enhanced analysis through morphological and teratological scoring, and through gene expression analysis, detects developmental effects and the underlying toxicological pathways. Altogether, the ZFET may inform about hazard of chemical exposure for embryonal development in humans, as well as for lethal effects in juvenile and adult fish. In this study, we compared the effects within a series of 12 aliphatic alcohols and related carboxylic acid derivatives (ethanol, acetic acid, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-methoxyacetic acid, 2-butoxyethanol, 2-butoxyacetic acid, 2-hydroxyacetic acid, 2-ethylhexan-1-ol, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, valproic acid, 2-aminoethanol, 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethanol) in ZFET and early life stage (ELS, 28d) exposures, and compared ZFET results with existing results of rat developmental studies and LC50s in adult fish. High correlation scores were observed between compound potencies in ZFET with either ELS, LC50 in fish and developmental toxicity in rats, indicating similar potency ranking among the models. Compounds could be mapped to specific pathways in an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network through morphological scoring and gene expression analysis in ZFET. Similarity of morphological effects and gene expression profiles in pairs of alcohols with their acid metabolites suggested metabolic activation of the parent alcohols, although with additional, metabolite-independent activity independent for ethanol and 2-ethylhexanol. Overall, phenotypical and gene expression analysis with these compounds indicates that the ZFET can potentially contribute to the AOP for developmental effects in rodents, and to predict toxicity of acute and chronic exposure in advanced life stages in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo T M van der Ven
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Willem G Schoonen
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Renate M Groot
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Fatima den Ouden
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Harm J Heusinkveld
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin P Zwart
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Hennie M Hodemaekers
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Emiel Rorije
- Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Joop de Knecht
- Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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20
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Ganzenko O, Trellu C, Oturan N, Huguenot D, Péchaud Y, van Hullebusch ED, Oturan MA. Electro-Fenton treatment of a complex pharmaceutical mixture: Mineralization efficiency and biodegradability enhancement. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126659. [PMID: 32278912 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Combination of the electro-Fenton process with a post-biological treatment could represent a cost-effective solution for application of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. The objective of this study was to assess this treatment strategy in the case of a complex pharmaceutical mixture. First, main operating parameters ([Fe2+] and current) of the electro-Fenton process were optimized. An optimal concentration of 0.2 mM of Fe2+ was obtained for mineralization of the pharmaceutical mixture. An optimal current of 400 mA was also obtained for degradation of caffeine and 5-fluorouracil in the mixture. However, mineralization of the effluent was continuously improved when increasing the current owing to the promotion of mineralization of organic compounds at the BDD anode. Besides, energy efficiency was decreased at prolonged treatment time because of mass transport limitation. Interestingly, it was observed a strong biodegradability enhancement of the solution after short treatment times (<3 h) at 500 and 1000 mA, which can be related to the degradation of parent compounds into more biodegradable by-products. The need for an acclimation time of the biomass to the pre-treated effluent was also emphasized, most probably because of the formation of some toxic by-products as observed during acute toxicity tests. Therefore, a biological post-treatment could represent a cost-effective solution for the removal of biodegradable residual organic compounds as well as for the removal of nitrogen released from mineralization of organic compounds under the form of NO3- and NH4+ during electro-Fenton pre-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Ganzenko
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Clément Trellu
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Nihal Oturan
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - David Huguenot
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Yoan Péchaud
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | | | - Mehmet A Oturan
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
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21
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Theoretical investigation of the adsorption behaviors of fluorouracil as an anticancer drug on pristine and B-, Al-, Ga-doped C36 nanotube. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Škvára P, Santana-Viera S, Montesdeoca-Esponda S, Mordačíková E, Santana-Rodríguez JJ, Vojs Staňová A. Determination of 5-fluorocytosine, 5-fluorouracil, and 5-fluorouridine in hospital wastewater by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3074-3082. [PMID: 32432394 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics are pharmaceutical compounds the occurrence of which in the environment is of growing concern because of the increase in treatments against cancer diseases. They can reach the aquatic ecosystems after passing through wastewater treatment plants without complete removal. One of the most frequently used chemotherapeutics is 5-fluorouracil which exhibits a strong cytostatic effect. In this paper, an analytical methodology was developed, validated, and applied to determine 5-fluorouracil, its precursor, 5-fluorocytosine, and its major active metabolite, 5-fluorouridine, in hospital wastewater samples. Due to the expected low concentrations after dilution and interferences present in such a complex matrix, a very selective and sensitive detection method is required. Moreover, an extraction method must be implemented prior to the determination in order to purify the sample extract and preconcentrate the target analytes at micrograms per liter concentration levels. Solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was the combination of choice and all included parameters were studied. Under optimized conditions for wastewater samples analysis, recoveries from 63 to 108% were obtained, while intraday and interday relative standard deviations never exceeded 20 and 25%, respectively. Limits of detection between 61 and 620 ng/L were achieved. Finally, the optimized method was applied to samples from hospital wastewater effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Škvára
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Sergio Santana-Viera
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Sarah Montesdeoca-Esponda
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Erika Mordačíková
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - José Juan Santana-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Andrea Vojs Staňová
- Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodnany, Czech Republic
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23
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Ng M, DeCicco-Skinner K, Connaughton VP. Using zebrafish to assess the effect of chronic, early developmental exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 76:103356. [PMID: 32120338 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants can deleteriously affect aquatic animals. One such contaminant is 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a long-prescribed chemotherapeutic drug. Leucovorin (LV) is co-administered with 5-FU, potentiating its effects. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae were reared in ng/L treatments of either 5-FU, LV, or a combined 5-FU/LV mixture for 8 dy. Survival was measured daily and swimming behavior assessed every other day. After 8 dy, larval length was measured, and densitometry of p53-labeled cryostat sections determined the extent of apoptosis. No significant differences in survival or apoptosis were found; larvae in the highest concentrations were largest. Changes in behavior of 5-FU-treated larvae were based on exposure duration; changes in LV-treated larvae were affected by drug concentration and duration. Larvae co-exposed to 5-FU/LV had responses like 5-FU-treated larvae. Overall, early developmental exposure of zebrafish larvae to environmentally-relevant concentrations of 5-FU and LV did not adversely affect survival, growth, and behavior suggesting realistic concentrations are sublethal and non-toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ng
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States
| | - K DeCicco-Skinner
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States
| | - V P Connaughton
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States.
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24
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Santana-Viera S, Tuček J, Torres-Padrón ME, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodríguez JJ, Halko R. Cytostatic compounds in sludge and sediment: extraction and determination by a combination of microwave-assisted extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3639-3651. [PMID: 32291518 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytostatic compounds are an important group of micro-pollutants since they are used to kill cells or stop cell division. For this reason, they are also considered mutagenic. Several cytostatic compounds have been detected in hospital effluents, in the influents and effluents of wastewater treatment plants and even in river water. However, their detection in solid matrices is very scarce. In this work, we have developed a new procedure based on microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for the extraction of cytostatic compounds from sludge and sediment before determination by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). To develop this procedure, we have chosen a group of eight widely used cytostatic compounds and carried out a systematic experimental design to optimize the extraction conditions. Under these optimal conditions, the studied cytostatic compounds are extracted with good sensitivity, with recoveries ranging from 65 to 122% in sludge and recoveries varying between 49 and 109% in sediment, with the exception of etoposide, which has a lower recovery from these types of samples. The limits of detection were from 0.42 to 79.8 ng g-1 in sludge and from 0.10 to 87.5 ng g-1 in sediment. Intraday and interday relative standard deviations (RSDs) were below 15% and 18%, respectively, in both matrices at the tested concentrations. The total procedure was applied to samples of sludge taken from the main wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the island of Gran Canaria (Spain) and for sediment samples obtained close to the marine outfalls of different wastewater treatment plants for the same island. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Santana-Viera
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jozef Tuček
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - María Esther Torres-Padrón
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Juan Santana-Rodríguez
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Radoslav Halko
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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25
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Horie Y, Kanazawa N, Takahashi C, Tatarazako N, Iguchi T. Bisphenol A induces a shift in sex differentiation gene expression with testis-ova or sex reversal in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:804-814. [PMID: 32020657 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a very important raw material in the plastics industry, is an endocrine-disrupting chemical in teleost fish. Although BPA induces testis-ova and sex reversal in teleost fish species, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. We evaluated the effects of BPA (measured concentrations: 45, 92, 326, 1030 and 3406 μg/L) on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) using OECD TG234 (2011, Fish Sexual Development Test, OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2). BPA at 1030 and 3406 μg/L induced testis-ova and sex reversal with female-type secondary sexual characteristics in XY males at 30 and 60 days posthatching (dph). Then we examined the BPA effect on the expression of sex differentiation genes related to the testis-ova and sex reversal in XY medaka. BPA exposure (1030 and 3406 μg/L) suppressed gsdf mRNA expression and increased cyp19a1a mRNA expression in XY individuals at stage 38 and 30 dph, although foxl2 mRNA expression showed no change. Interestingly, the concentration of BPA that suppressed gsdf mRNA expression at the larval stage was consistent with that needed to induce testis-ova and sex reversal. These results suggest that the gsdf gene at the embryonic stage can be used as a useful biomarker for predicting the impact of estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals on sexual differentiation in Japanese medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Chiho Takahashi
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- Department of Science and Technology for Biological Resources and Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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26
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Fahmy MA, Abd-Alla HI, Hassan EE, Hassan ZM, Sweelam HTM. Genotoxicity and sperm defects induced by 5-FU in male mice and the possible protective role of Pentas lanceolata-iridoids. Mutat Res 2020; 850-851:503145. [PMID: 32247555 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used antineoplastic drug. In this work, a comprehensive study was performed to detect the extent of chromosomal damage and morphological sperm defects induced by 5-FU in male mice and the possible protective role of the iridoids-rich fraction of Pentas lanceolata leaves (IFPL). Six main groups were examined in micronucleus and chromosomal assays: I- control negative, II- control positive (i.p. treated with single dose of 75 mg/kg 5-FU), III- control plant (orally administrated IFPL, 300 mg/kg, 5 consecutive days), and IV-VI- treated with IFPL (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, 5 consecutive days) plus 5-FU (i.p. treated at the last day). Samples were taken 24 h post treatment. The study of morphological sperm anomalies, single and repeated treatments were examined and samples were taken after 35 days from the 1st treatment. In bone marrow, 5-FU induced a significant increase in the micro-nucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, chromosome anomalies (CAs) and also cytotoxic effects. A significant percentage of CAs was recorded in spermatocytes after 5-FU treatment reached 22.80 ± 1.32 vs 4.20 ± 0.37 for control (mainly X-Y univalent, 90%). IFPL was recorded to be non-mutagenic in all tests examined. In addition, it alleviated the previous defects in a dose-dependent manner. A significant and dramatic increase in the percentage of morphological sperm defects was recorded after single and repeated treatments with 5-FU reached 13.24 ± 0.24, 30.42 ± 0.32 respectively vs 2.56 ± 0.14 for control. Amorphous head-sperm and sperm with coiled tail were the most pronounced types of abnormalities. Significant protection was detected with the highest tested dose of IFPL. In conclusion: 5-FU demonstrated to be a genotoxic agent. Its genotoxicity in germ cells is serious and may lead to reproductive toxicity, infertility or heritable defects. The results also demonstrated the biosafety of IFPL and its possible protective role in combined treatment with 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A Fahmy
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Howaida I Abd-Alla
- Natural Compounds Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Entesar E Hassan
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab M Hassan
- Natural Compounds Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba-Tollah M Sweelam
- Natural Compounds Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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27
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Wang P, Huang B, Chen Z, Lv X, Qian W, Zhu X, Li B, Wang Z, Cai Z. Behavioural and chronic toxicity of fullerene to Daphnia magna: Mechanisms revealed by transcriptomic analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113181. [PMID: 31522006 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extensive application of fullerene nanoparticles (nC60) leads to potential environmental pollution. The acute toxic effects of nC60 have been largely investigated, but studies of behavioural and chronic toxicity at sublethal doses are still rare and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. The present study investigated behavioural and chronic toxicity of nC60 to Daphnia magna. The results showed that, in response to nC60 exposure, hopping, heartbeat frequencies and feeding ability of D. magna decreased significantly, displaying negative relationship with exposure time and dose. Chronic treatments with 0.1 mg/L or 1 mg/L nC60 for 21 days significantly reduced survival and reproduction of D. magna. These harmful effects suggested negative impacts of nC60 on aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, transcriptome analysis showed that the behavioural and chronic toxicity of nC60 to D. magna might be related to physiological functions such as cell structural repair, protein degradation, energy metabolism and reproduction. We found that nC60 accumulated in guts of D. magna, which should be responsible for the decrease of food ingestion and consequently inhibiting energy intake. Deficiency of energy not only affects behaviours but also declines reproduction in D. magna. Overall, this is the first study comprehensively considered the behavioral and chronic toxicity of nC60 to aquatic organism. The results should be helpful to better understand the ecological consequences of C60 released into water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Boming Huang
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zuohong Chen
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Lv
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Wei Qian
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhu
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Bing Li
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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28
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Mišík M, Filipic M, Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Isidori M, Knasmueller S. Environmental risk assessment of widely used anticancer drugs (5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, etoposide, imatinib mesylate). WATER RESEARCH 2019; 164:114953. [PMID: 31404901 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs are among the most toxic chemicals, which are commercially produced; therefore, their release in aquatic ecosystems raised concerns in regard to potential adverse effects. This article describes the results of risk assessments concerning their environmental safety, which are based on data generated in the frame of a coordinated EU project ("Cytothreat"). Eight research institutions participated in the project and four widely used anticancer drugs with different mechanisms of therapeutic action (5-fluorouracil 5FU, cisplatin CDDP, imatinib mesylate IM and etoposide ET) were tested in a variety of indicator organisms (cyanobacteria, algae, higher plants, rotifers, crustacea, fish and also in human and fish derived cell lines) in acute/subacute/chronic toxicity assays. Furthermore, genotoxic effects in micronucleus assays, single cell gel electrophoresis experiments and γH2AX tests were studied in plants, crustacea, fish and in various cell lines. We used the results to calculate the predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC) and risk quotients (RQ) by comparing PNEC with predicted environmental concentrations (PEC values) and measured concentrations (MEC) in wastewaters. The most sensitive species in experiments concerning acute toxic and long term effects were in general crustacea (daphnids) after chronic treatment the most pronounced effects were detected with IM followed by CDDP and 5FU. Comparisons between PNEC and PEC values indicate that it is unlikely that the release of these drugs in the aquatic environments leads to adverse effects (RQ values < 1). However, when the assessments were performed with MEC found in highly contaminated municipal wastewaters and hospital effluents, RQ values were obtained which are indicative for moderate adverse effects of IM. Calculations with data from genotoxicity experiments and PEC values are indicative for increased RQ values for all compounds except ET. The most sensitive species were fish (Danio rerio) which were highly responsive towards 5FU and daphnids which were sensitive towards CDDP and IM. When environmental data (from waste waters) were used for the calculations, high RQ values (>100) were obtained for CDDP and IM. These overall conclusions were not substantially altered when the effects of other frequently used cytostatic drugs and combined effects of mixtures of anticancer drugs were taken into consideration. The results of these assessments underline the importance of efficient removal of these chemicals by improved sewage treatment strategies and the need for further investigations of adverse the long term effects of cytostatics in aquatic biota as a consequence of damage of the genetic material in highly sensitive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Metka Filipic
- National Institute of Biology, Department for Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marina Isidori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Borschkegasse 8a, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
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29
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Theoretical Modeling of Long-Time Drug Release from Nitrosalicyl-Imine-Chitosan Hydrogels through Multifractal Logistic Type Laws. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2019; 2019:4091464. [PMID: 31485257 PMCID: PMC6710764 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4091464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug release is a complex phenomenon due to the large number of interdependent side effects that occur simultaneously, involving strong nonlinear dynamics. Therefore, since their theoretical description is difficult in the classical mathematics modelling, we have built a theoretical model based on logistic type laws, validated by the correlations with the experimental data, in a special case of drug release from hydrogels. The novelty of our approach is the implementation of multifractality in logistic type laws, situation in which any chaotic system, characterized by a small number of nonlinear interactions, gets memory and, implicitly, characterization through a large number of nonlinear interactions. In other words, the complex system polymer-drug matrix becomes “pseudo-intelligent.”
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30
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Russo C, Graziani V, Lavorgna M, D'Abrosca B, Piscitelli C, Fiorentino A, Scognamiglio M, Isidori M. Lymphocytes exposed to vegetables grown in waters contaminated by anticancer drugs: metabolome alterations and genotoxic risks for human health. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 842:125-131. [PMID: 31255220 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater irrigation of crops may be effective to avoid depletion (about 70%) of freshwater resources. However, the use of reclaimed waters containing persistent microcontaminants such as antineoplastic drugs is of high environmental concern. These active compounds may affect human health with potentially severe adverse effects. To better understand the impact on human health following irrigation of crops with reused contaminated waters, we exposed four edible plants, Brassica rapa, Lactuca sativa, Raphanus sativus, and Triticum durum, to two commonly used antitumoral drugs: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and Cisplatin (CDDP), using metabolomics as a potential functional genomics tool to combine with genotoxicity experiments. The metabolome of the treated and untreated plants was analysed to detect biochemical alterations associated to the exposure, and the potential genotoxic damage related to human exposure to the treated plants was evaluated using the comet assay in human lymphocytes, which are characterized by high sensitivity to genotoxic substances. The edible species were able to assimilate 5-FU and CDDP during the treatment, affecting the biochemical pathways of these plants with subsequent metabolome modifications. These metabolic alterations differed according to the specific species used for the test. Furthermore, all vegetables treated with two concentrations of the selected drugs (10 and 100 μg/L) caused significant (p < 0.0001) genotoxic damage in the cells of the immune system at a higher level than in the lymphocytes directly exposed to single antineoplastic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Vittoria Graziani
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Margherita Lavorgna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Brigida D'Abrosca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy; Dipartimento di Biotecnologia Marina, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Concetta Piscitelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonio Fiorentino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy; Dipartimento di Biotecnologia Marina, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Monica Scognamiglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Marina Isidori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy.
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de Brito Rodrigues L, Gonçalves Costa G, Lundgren Thá E, da Silva LR, de Oliveira R, Morais Leme D, Cestari MM, Koppe Grisolia C, Campos Valadares M, de Oliveira GAR. Impact of the glyphosate-based commercial herbicide, its components and its metabolite AMPA on non-target aquatic organisms. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 842:94-101. [PMID: 31255230 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is the active ingredient of several herbicide formulations widely used to control weeds in agricultural and non-agricultural areas. Due to the intensive use of GLY-based herbicides and their direct application on soils, some of their components, including the active ingredient, may reach the aquatic environment through direct run-off and leaching. The present study assessed the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of the GLY-based formulation Atanor 48 (ATN) and its major constituents GLY, surfactant polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA), as well as the main metabolite of GLY aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) on non-target aquatic organisms. The toxic effects of these chemicals were evaluated in the fish embryo acute toxicity test with zebrafish (Danio rerio), while genotoxic effects were investigated in the comet assays with cells from zebrafish larvae and rainbow trout gonad-2 (RTG-2). GLY and AMPA caused no acute toxic effect, while ATN and POEA induced significant lethal effects in zebrafish (LC50-96 h 76.50 mg/L and 5.49 mg/L, respectively). All compounds were genotoxic in comet experiments with zebrafish larvae (LOEC 1.7 mg/L for GLY, ATN, AMPA and 0.4 mg/L for POEA). Unlike in vivo, only POEA induced DNA damage in RTG-2 cells (LOEC 1.6 mg/L), suggesting that it is a direct acting genotoxic agent. In summary, these data indicate that the lethal effects on zebrafish early-life stages can be ranked in the following order from most to least toxic: surfactant POEA > formulation ATN > active ingredient GLY ≈ metabolite AMPA. Genotoxic effects were observed in both RTG-2 cells (only POEA) and zebrafish (all test compounds) with the lowest tested concentrations. Therefore, it is important to evaluate different toxicological endpoints as well as use different non-target organisms to predict the hazards of GLY-based formulations and their components and breakdown product to aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rhaul de Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; School of Technology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar Koppe Grisolia
- Biological Sciences Institute - University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Gisele Augusto Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Gajski G, Žegura B, Ladeira C, Novak M, Sramkova M, Pourrut B, Del Bo' C, Milić M, Gutzkow KB, Costa S, Dusinska M, Brunborg G, Collins A. The comet assay in animal models: From bugs to whales - (Part 2 Vertebrates). MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 781:130-164. [PMID: 31416573 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay has become one of the methods of choice for the evaluation and measurement of DNA damage. It is sensitive, quick to perform and relatively affordable for the evaluation of DNA damage and repair at the level of individual cells. The comet assay can be applied to virtually any cell type derived from different organs and tissues. Even though the comet assay is predominantly used on human cells, the application of the assay for the evaluation of DNA damage in yeast, plant and animal cells is also quite high, especially in terms of biomonitoring. The present extensive overview on the usage of the comet assay in animal models will cover both terrestrial and water environments. The first part of the review was focused on studies describing the comet assay applied in invertebrates. The second part of the review, (Part 2) will discuss the application of the comet assay in vertebrates covering cyclostomata, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, in addition to chordates that are regarded as a transitional form towards vertebrates. Besides numerous vertebrate species, the assay is also performed on a range of cells, which includes blood, liver, kidney, brain, gill, bone marrow and sperm cells. These cells are readily used for the evaluation of a wide spectrum of genotoxic agents both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the use of vertebrate models and their role in environmental biomonitoring will also be discussed as well as the comparison of the use of the comet assay in vertebrate and human models in line with ethical principles. Although the comet assay in vertebrates is most commonly used in laboratory animals such as mice, rats and lately zebrafish, this paper will only briefly review its use regarding laboratory animal models and rather give special emphasis to the increasing usage of the assay in domestic and wildlife animals as well as in various ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Investigação e Estudos em Saúde de Publica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matjaž Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Monika Sramkova
- Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- DeFENS-Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Solange Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry-MILK, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Araújo APDC, Mesak C, Montalvão MF, Freitas ÍN, Chagas TQ, Malafaia G. Anti-cancer drugs in aquatic environment can cause cancer: Insight about mutagenicity in tadpoles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:2284-2293. [PMID: 30292121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (Cyc) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are two of the most used antineoplastic drugs (AD) in the world. However, their discharge in the environment became a yet-unknown environmental issue that has impact on some groups of animals, such as amphibians. We assessed tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus) exposed to environmental concentrations (EC) of Cyc and 5-FU to evaluate whether they can cause morphological and mutagenic changes in them. We defined the following groups: control, positive control (50 mg/L of Cyc), EC-Cyc-I (0.2 μg/L), EC-Cyc-II (0.5 μg/L), EF-Cyc (2.0 μg/L), EC-5-FU-I (13.0 μg/L), EC-5-FU-II (30.4 μg/L) and EF-5-FU (123.5 μg/L). EC groups presented predictive AD concentrations in 10% and 25% hospital-effluent dilutions in water. EF groups met gross hospital-effluent concentrations. Based on our data, ADs caused intestinal changes and influenced the interocular distance in tadpoles after 30-day exposure. We also observed the aneugenic and clastogenic effect of ADs due to the higher frequency of micronucleated and binucleated erythrocytes, and blebbed, multilobulated, notched and kidney-shaped nuclei in animals exposed to them. Based on such changes, we assume that Cyc and 5-FU can trigger malignant cell transformation processes, and cancer, in animals exposed to them, even at low concentrations. Our study is the first to describe that Cyc and 5-FU, spread in the environment, cause damages in non-target organisms opposite to their original end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Pereira da Costa Araújo
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Carlos Mesak
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Mateus Flores Montalvão
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Nascimento Freitas
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Thales Quintão Chagas
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
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de Vasconcelos Lima M, de Siqueira WN, Silva HAMF, de Melo Lima Filho J, de França EJ, de Albuquerque Melo AMM. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of oxyfluorfen on hemocytes of Biomphalaria glabrata. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:3350-3356. [PMID: 30506409 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals released from anthropogenic activities such as industry and agriculture often end up in aquatic ecosystems. These substances can cause serious damage to these ecosystems, thus threatening the conservation of biodiversity. Among these substances are pesticides, such as oxyfluorfen, a herbicide used for the control of grasses and weeds. Considering its widespread use, it is important to investigate the possible toxicity of this compound to aquatic organisms, especially invertebrates. Hence, the use of biological systems able to detect such effects is of great importance. The mollusk Biomphalaria glabrata has been shown to be useful as an environmental indicator to assess the potential ecological effects of physical and chemical stressors in freshwater environments. The present study sought to detect mutagenic changes in hemocytes of B. glabrata exposed to oxyfluorfen. To perform these tests, this study used ten animals per group, exposed acutely (48 h) and chronically (15 days) to oxyfluorfen. The herbicide concentrations were 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/L. The results showed that oxyfluorfen induced significant frequencies of micronuclei, binucleated cells, and apoptosis in hemocytes of mollusks when compared to the control group. Unlike chronic exposure, acute exposure was dose-dependent. The present study's results demonstrate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of oxyfluorfen on hemocytes of B. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra de Vasconcelos Lima
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil
- Serviço de Monitoração Ambiental, Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-545, Brazil
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, s/n, Recife, PE, 50780-901, Brazil
| | - Williams Nascimento de Siqueira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil.
- Serviço de Monitoração Ambiental, Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-545, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, s/n, Recife, PE, 50780-901, Brazil.
| | - Hianna Arely Milca Fagundes Silva
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, s/n, Recife, PE, 50780-901, Brazil
| | - José de Melo Lima Filho
- Grupo de Dosimetria Numérica, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-540, Brazil
| | - Elvis Joacir de França
- Serviço de Monitoração Ambiental, Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-545, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Mendonça de Albuquerque Melo
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, s/n, Recife, PE, 50780-901, Brazil
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Fonseca TG, Auguste M, Ribeiro F, Cardoso C, Mestre NC, Abessa DMS, Bebianno MJ. Environmental relevant levels of the cytotoxic drug cyclophosphamide produce harmful effects in the polychaete Nereis diversicolor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:798-809. [PMID: 29727846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic drugs applied in chemotherapy enter the aquatic environment after patient's metabolism and excretion, in both main compounds and their respective metabolites. The increased consumption and discharge of these drugs raise concern on the genotoxic burden to non-target aquatic species, due to their unselective action on DNA. Settlement and adsorption of cytotoxic drugs to aquatic sediments pose risks to benthic species through chronic exposure. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects induced by the anticancer drug cyclophosphamide (CP) on the polychaete Nereis diversicolor, after 14 days of exposure to environmental relevant concentrations (10, 100, 500 and 1000 ng L-1). Burrowing impairment, neurotoxicity (Acetylcholinesterase - AChE activity), oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase - SOD; catalase - CAT; glutathione peroxidases - GPXs activities), biotransformation (glutathione-S-transferases - GST), oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation - LPO) and genotoxicity (DNA damage) were assessed. Burrowing impairments were higher at the lowest CP concentrations tested. The higher CP levels tested (500 and 1000 ng L-1) induced a significant inhibition on the enzymatic antioxidant system (SOD, GPx) and on GST activity. DNA damage was also significant at these concentrations as an outcome of CP metabolism, and high levels of oxidative damage occurred. The results showed that the prodrug CP was metabolically activated in the benthic biological model N. diversicolor. In addition to the potential cytotoxic impact likely to be caused in aquatic species with similar metabolism, N. diversicolor proved to be reliable and vulnerable to the cytotoxic mode of action of CP, even at the lower doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Fonseca
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal; NEPEA, Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia. Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - M Auguste
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - F Ribeiro
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - C Cardoso
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - N C Mestre
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
| | - D M S Abessa
- NEPEA, Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia. Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - M J Bebianno
- CIMA, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal.
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Applications of Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction to the Determination of Micropollutants in Liquid Samples. SEPARATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/separations5030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Ganzenko O, Trellu C, Papirio S, Oturan N, Huguenot D, van Hullebusch ED, Esposito G, Oturan MA. Bioelectro-Fenton: evaluation of a combined biological-advanced oxidation treatment for pharmaceutical wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:20283-20292. [PMID: 28144861 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electro-Fenton (EF), an advanced oxidation process, can be combined with a biological process for efficient treatment of wastewater containing refractory pollutants such as pharmaceuticals. In this study, a biological process was implemented in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), which was either preceded or followed by EF treatment. The main goal was to evaluate the potential of two sequences of a combined electrochemical-biological process: EF/SBR and SBR/EF for the treatment of real wastewater spiked with 0.1 mM of caffeine and 5-fluorouracil. The biological removal of COD and pharmaceuticals was improved by extending the acclimation time and increasing concentration of biomass in the SBR. Hardly biodegradable caffeine and COD were completely removed during the EF post-treatment (SBR/EF). During the EF/SBR sequence, complete removal of pharmaceuticals was achieved by EF within 30 min at applied current 800 mA. With a current of 500 and 800 mA, the initially very low BOD5/COD ratio increased up to 0.38 and 0.58, respectively, after 30 min. The efficiency of the biological post-treatment was influenced by the biodegradability enhancement after EF pre-treatment. The choice of an adequate sequence of such a combined process is significantly related to the wastewater characteristics as well as the treatment objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Ganzenko
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, UPEM, 77454, 4508, Marne-la-Vallée, EA, France
| | - Clement Trellu
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, UPEM, 77454, 4508, Marne-la-Vallée, EA, France
| | - Stefano Papirio
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio, 43, 03043, Cassino, FR, Italy
| | - Nihal Oturan
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, UPEM, 77454, 4508, Marne-la-Vallée, EA, France
| | - David Huguenot
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, UPEM, 77454, 4508, Marne-la-Vallée, EA, France
| | - Eric D van Hullebusch
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, UPEM, 77454, 4508, Marne-la-Vallée, EA, France
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, DA 260, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio, 43, 03043, Cassino, FR, Italy
| | - Mehmet A Oturan
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, UPEM, 77454, 4508, Marne-la-Vallée, EA, France.
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Elersek T, Ženko M, Filipič M. Ecotoxicity of disinfectant benzalkonium chloride and its mixture with antineoplastic drug 5-fluorouracil towards alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4986. [PMID: 29938131 PMCID: PMC6011824 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is one of the most common ingredients of the disinfectants. It is commonly detected in surface and wastewaters where it can interact with the residues of pharmaceuticals that are also common wastewater pollutants. Among the latter, the residues of antineoplastic drugs are of particular concern as recent studies showed that they can induce adverse effect in aquatic organisms at environmentally relevant concentrations. Methods Ecotoxicity of BAC as an individual compound and in a binary mixture with an antineoplastic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was determined towards alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, a representative of primary producers. The toxicity of the BAC+5-FU binary mixture was predicted by the two basic models: concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA), and compared to the experimentally determined toxicity. Additionally combination index (CI) was calculated to determine the type of interaction. Results After 72 h exposure to BAC a concentration dependent growth inhibition of P. subcapitata was observed with an EC50 0.255 mg/L. Comparing the predicted no effect concentration to the measured concentrations in the surface waters indicate that BAC at current applications and occurrence in aquatic environment may affect algal populations. The measured toxicity of the mixture was higher from the predicted and calculated CI confirmed synergistic effect on the inhibition of algal growth, at least at EC50 concentration. The observed synergism may have impact on the overall toxicity of wastewaters, whereas it is less likely for general environments because the concentrations of 5-FU are several orders of magnitude lower from its predicted no effect concentration. Discussion These results indicate that combined effects of mixtures of disinfectants and antineoplastic drugs should be considered in particular when dealing with environmental risk assessment as well as the management of municipal and hospital wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Elersek
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Ženko
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Filipič
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Hurem S, Gomes T, Brede DA, Mayer I, Lobert VH, Mutoloki S, Gutzkow KB, Teien HC, Oughton D, Aleström P, Lyche JL. Gamma irradiation during gametogenesis in young adult zebrafish causes persistent genotoxicity and adverse reproductive effects. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 154:19-26. [PMID: 29453161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of gamma radiation may exert damage beyond that of the individual through its deleterious effects on reproductive function. Impaired reproductive performance can result in reduced population size over consecutive generations. In a continued effort to investigate reproductive and heritable effects of ionizing radiation, we recently demonstrated adverse effects and genomic instability in progeny of parents exposed to gamma radiation. In the present study, genotoxicity and effects on the reproduction following subchronic exposure during a gametogenesis cycle to 60Co gamma radiation (27 days, 8.7 and 53 mGy/h, total doses 5.2 and 31 Gy) were investigated in the adult wild-type zebrafish (Danio rerio). A significant reduction in embryo production was observed one month after exposure in the 53 mGy/h exposure group compared to control and 8.7 mGy/h. One year later, embryo production was significantly lower in the 53 mGy/h group compared only to control, with observed sterility, accompanied by a regression of reproductive organs in 100% of the fish 1.5 years after exposure. Histopathological examinations revealed no significant changes in the testis in the 8.7 mGy/h group, while in 62.5% of females exposed to this dose rate the oogenesis was found to be only at the early previtellogenic stage. The DNA damage determined in whole blood, 1.5 years after irradiation, using a high throughput Comet assay, was significantly higher in the exposed groups (1.2 and 3-fold increase in 8.7 and 53 mGy/h females respectively; 3-fold and 2-fold increase in 8.7 and 53 mGy/h males respectively) compared to controls. A significantly higher number of micronuclei (4-5%) was found in erythrocytes of both the 8.7 and 53 mGy/h fish compared to controls. This study shows that gamma radiation at a dose rate of ≥ 8.7 mGy/h during gametogenesis causes adverse reproductive effects and persistent genotoxicity (DNA damage and increased micronuclei) in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Hurem
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tânia Gomes
- Norwegian Institute for Water research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag A Brede
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Ian Mayer
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Viola H Lobert
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen Mutoloki
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine B Gutzkow
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404 Nydalen 0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans-Christian Teien
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Deborah Oughton
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Peter Aleström
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan L Lyche
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD CoE), NMBU, 1433 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
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Balik-Meisner M, Truong L, Scholl EH, La Du JK, Tanguay RL, Reif DM. Elucidating Gene-by-Environment Interactions Associated with Differential Susceptibility to Chemical Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:067010. [PMID: 29968567 PMCID: PMC6084885 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern societies are exposed to vast numbers of potentially hazardous chemicals. Despite demonstrated linkages between chemical exposure and severe health effects, there are limited, often conflicting, data on how adverse health effects of exposure differ across individuals. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that population variability in response to certain chemicals could elucidate a role for gene-environment interactions (GxE) in differential susceptibility. METHODS High-throughput screening (HTS) data on thousands of chemicals in genetically heterogeneous zebrafish were leveraged to identify a candidate chemical (Abamectin) with response patterns indicative of population susceptibility differences. We tested the prediction by generating genome-wide sequence data for 276 individual zebrafish displaying susceptible (Affected) vs. resistant (Unaffected) phenotypes following identical chemical exposure. RESULTS We found GxE associated with differential susceptibility in the sox7 promoter region and then confirmed gene expression differences between phenotypic response classes. CONCLUSIONS The results for Abamectin in zebrafish demonstrate that GxE associated with naturally occurring, population genetic variation play a significant role in mediating individual response to chemical exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2662.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Balik-Meisner
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Center for Human Health and the Environment, Dept. of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa Truong
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Dept. of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Scholl
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Center for Human Health and the Environment, Dept. of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jane K La Du
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Dept. of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Dept. of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - David M Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Center for Human Health and the Environment, Dept. of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Russo C, Kundi M, Lavorgna M, Parrella A, Isidori M. Benzalkonium Chloride and Anticancer Drugs in Binary Mixtures: Reproductive Toxicity and Genotoxicity in the Freshwater Crustacean Ceriodaphnia dubia. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 74:546-556. [PMID: 29119204 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a cationic surfactant commonly used as a disinfectant. Its ubiquitous nature is the result of high usage and frequent discharge into the environment and evidence of interaction with numerous contaminants, such as pharmaceutical active compound residues. Anticancer drugs, among these compounds, are able to exert eco-genotoxic effects at sub ng-µg/L. The purpose of this study was to assess the reproductive toxicity and the genotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin (CDDP), etoposide (ET), and imatinib mesylate (IM)-binary mixtures combined with BAC in Ceriodaphnia dubia. The effects of the mixtures were assessed under the assumption of independent action in experiments that applied two effect levels. The type of interaction was not the same over the range of effect sizes. The combined action experiment on reproduction showed an antagonistic effect at higher effect levels for all binary combinations, except for BAC/IM, whereas independent action was observed in all mixtures at a low effect level. The results of binary combinations on genotoxicity showed antagonistic effects for BAC + ET and BAC + CDDP, whereas independence was expressed in BAC + IM and BAC + 5-FU. The antagonistic interactions still led to higher effects than those observed after single exposures at the same doses in most cases. The effects of mixtures of drugs should be taken into account for environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Institute of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margherita Lavorgna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Alfredo Parrella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Marina Isidori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
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42
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Gajski G, Ladeira C, Gerić M, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Viegas S. Genotoxicity assessment of a selected cytostatic drug mixture in human lymphocytes: A study based on concentrations relevant for occupational exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 161:26-34. [PMID: 29100207 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytostatic drugs are highly cytotoxic agents used in cancer treatment and although their benefit is unquestionable, they have been recognized as hazardous to healthcare professionals in occupational settings. In a working environment, simultaneous exposure to cytostatics may occur creating a higher risk than that of a single substance. Hence, the present study evaluated the combined cyto/genotoxicity of a mixture of selected cytostatics with different mechanisms of action (MoA; 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel) towards human lymphocytes in vitro at a concentration range relevant for occupational as well as environmental exposure. The results suggest that the selected cytostatic drug mixture is potentially cyto/genotoxic and that it can induce cell and genome damage even at low concentrations. This indicates not only that such mixture may pose a risk to cell and genome integrity, but also that single compound toxicity data are not sufficient for the prediction of toxicity in a complex working environment. The presence of drugs in different amounts and with different MoA suggests the need to study the relationship between the presence of genotoxic components in the mixture and the resulting effects, taking into account the MoA of each component by itself. Therefore, this study provides new data sets necessary for scientifically-based risk assessments of cytostatic drug mixtures in occupational as well as environmental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Carina Ladeira
- Grupo de Investigação em Ambiente e Saúde, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Grupo de Investigação em Genética e Metabolismo, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Marko Gerić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Susana Viegas
- Grupo de Investigação em Ambiente e Saúde, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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43
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Balik-Meisner M, Truong L, Scholl EH, Tanguay RL, Reif DM. Population genetic diversity in zebrafish lines. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:90-100. [PMID: 29368091 PMCID: PMC5851690 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Toxicological and pharmacological researchers have seized upon the many benefits of zebrafish, including the short generation time, well-characterized development, and early maturation as clear embryos. A major difference from many model organisms is that standard husbandry practices in zebrafish are designed to maintain population diversity. While this diversity is attractive for translational applications in human and ecological health, it raises critical questions on how interindividual genetic variation might contribute to chemical exposure or disease susceptibility differences. Findings from pooled samples of zebrafish support this supposition of diversity yet cannot directly measure allele frequencies for reference versus alternate alleles. Using the Tanguay lab Tropical 5D zebrafish line (T5D), we performed whole genome sequencing on a large group (n = 276) of individual zebrafish embryos. Paired-end reads were collected on an Illumina 3000HT, then aligned to the most recent zebrafish reference genome (GRCz10). These data were used to compare observed population genetic variation across species (humans, mice, zebrafish), then across lines within zebrafish. We found more single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in T5D than have been reported in SNP databases for any of the WIK, TU, TL, or AB lines. We theorize that some subset of the novel SNPs may be shared with other zebrafish lines but have not been identified in other studies due to the limitations of capturing population diversity in pooled sequencing strategies. We establish T5D as a model that is representative of diversity levels within laboratory zebrafish lines and demonstrate that experimental design and analysis can exert major effects when characterizing genetic diversity in heterogeneous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Balik-Meisner
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Ricks Hall 344, 1 Lampe Drive, Box 7566, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Lisa Truong
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Scholl
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Ricks Hall 344, 1 Lampe Drive, Box 7566, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - David M Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Ricks Hall 344, 1 Lampe Drive, Box 7566, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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44
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Köksal Karayildirim Ç, Kotmakçi M, Halay E, Ay K, Başpinar Y. Formulation, characterization, cytotoxicity and Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity (Ames) studies of a novel 5-fluorouracil derivative. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:369-374. [PMID: 29556128 PMCID: PMC5856941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil is one of the first line drugs for the systemic therapy of solid tumors like breast, colorectal, oesophageal, stomach, pancreatic, head and neck. It could be shown that sugars can improve the absorption across cell membranes and can help to bypass some pharmacokinetic problems. Carbohydrates as most common organic molecules are an important issue of plant and animal metabolisms. They are non toxic and have important duties in the body like participating in DNA and RNA synthesis and being responsible for energy production. In addition, they have many hydroxyl, aldehyde and ketone groups that attract attention for synthesis as a potential drug derivative. 1,2,3,-Triazole compounds have also important role in heterocyclic chemistry because of their pharmaceutical properties and their high reactivity, which could be used as a building block for complex chemical compounds. In this study, following the “Click Reaction” of 5-FU and tetra-O-acetylglycose the 5-fluorouracil derivative 1-[{1′-(2″,3″,4″,6″-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glycopyronosyl)-1′H-1′,2′,3′-triazole-4′-yl} methyl]5-fluorouracil was synthesized. Following, a micellar formulation of 5-Fluorouracil derivative was prepared and characterized in terms of particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, refractive index and pH. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the 5-fluorouracil derivative was investigated using an in vitro cell culture model and the AMES test. According to the results of this study, the novel 5-fluorouracil derivative could be a drug candidate for the therapy of cancer and needs further in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çinel Köksal Karayildirim
- Center for Drug Research & Development and Pharmacokinetic Applications, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kotmakçi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Erkan Halay
- Scientific Analysis Technological Application and Research Center, Uşak University, 64200 Uşak, Turkey
| | - Kadir Ay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Letters, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140 Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Yücel Başpinar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
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45
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Novak M, Žegura B, Modic B, Heath E, Filipič M. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of anticancer drug residues and their mixtures in experimental model with zebrafish liver cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:293-300. [PMID: 28558277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs enter aquatic environment predominantly via hospital and municipal wastewater effluents where they may, due to their genotoxic potential, cause adverse environmental effects even at very low doses. In this study we evaluated cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of two widely used anticancer drugs, cyclophosphamide (CP) and ifosfamide (IF) as individual compounds and in a complex mixture together with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CDDP) because these four drugs have been frequently detected in an oncological ward effluents. As an experimental model we used zebrafish liver cell (ZFL) line. The cytotoxicity was determined with the MTS assay and genotoxicity with the comet assay and cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay that measure the formation of DNA strand breaks and genomic instability, respectively. CP and IF exerted low cytotoxicity towards ZFL cells. Both compounds induced DNA strand breaks and genomic instability, however at relatively high concentrations that are not relevant for the contamination of aquatic environment. The mixture of CP, IF, 5-FU and CDDP was tested at maximal detected concentrations of each drug as determined in the effluents from the oncological ward. The mixture was not cytotoxic and did not induce genomic instability, but it induced significant increase in the formation of DNA strand breaks at concentrations of individual compounds that were several orders of magnitude lower from those that were effective when tested as individual compounds. The results indicate that such mixtures of anticancer drugs may pose a threat to aquatic organisms at environmentally relevant concentrations and contribute to the accumulating evidence that it is not always possible to predict adverse effects of complex mixtures based on the toxicological data for individual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Novak
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Ecological Engineering Institute, Ljubljanska ulica 9, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Bojana Žegura
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Barbara Modic
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ester Heath
- Institute Jozef Stefan, Jadranska 29, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Metka Filipič
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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46
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Białk-Bielińska A, Mulkiewicz E, Stokowski M, Stolte S, Stepnowski P. Acute aquatic toxicity assessment of six anti-cancer drugs and one metabolite using biotest battery - Biological effects and stability under test conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 189:689-698. [PMID: 28968575 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Available ecotoxicological data for anti-cancer drugs and their metabolites are incomplete, and only some studies have been accompanied by chemical analysis. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of the six most commonly used cytostatics, namely cyclophosphamide (CF), ifosfamide (IF), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), imatinib (IMT), tamoxifen (TAM) and methotrexate (MET) and its metabolite - 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OH-MET), towards selected aquatic organisms, namely bacteria Vibrio fischeri, algae Raphidocelis subcapitata, crustaceans Daphnia magna and duckweed Lemna minor. All ecotoxicological tests were accompanied by chemical analysis to determine the differences between nominal and actual concentrations of investigated compounds and their stability under test conditions. For unstable compounds, tests were performed in static and semi-static conditions. It was observed that L. minor was the most sensitive organism. The compounds that were most toxic to aquatic organisms were 5-FU (highly toxic to algae, EC50 = 0.075 mg L-1), MET and TAM (very toxic to highly toxic to duckweed depending on the test conditions; EC50MET 0.08-0.16 mg L-1, EC50TAM 0.18-0.23 mg L-1). It is suspected that MET and 5-FU mainly affected algae and plants most probably because the exposure time was long enough for them to cause a specific effect (they inhibit DNA replication and act predominantly on actively dividing cells). Furthermore, the obtained results also suggest that the toxicity of the metabolites/potentially produced degradation products of MET towards duckweed is lower than that of the parent form, whereas the toxicity of TAM degradation products is in the same range as that of TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Białk-Bielińska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ewa Mulkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Stokowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; UFT - Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, Faculty 4, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Santana-Viera S, Guedes-Alonso R, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodríguez JJ, Kabir A, Furton KG. Optimization and application of fabric phase sorptive extraction coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of cytostatic drug residues in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1529:39-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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48
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Sinniah SK, Sim KS, Ng SW, Tan KW. Structural and cytotoxic studies of cationic thiosemicarbazones. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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49
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Chocarro-Ruiz B, Fernández-Gavela A, Herranz S, Lechuga LM. Nanophotonic label-free biosensors for environmental monitoring. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 45:175-183. [PMID: 28458110 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The field of environmental monitoring has experienced a substantial progress in the last years but still the on-site control of contaminants is an elusive problem. In addition, the growing number of pollutant sources is accompanied by an increasing need of having efficient early warning systems. Several years ago biosensor devices emerged as promising environmental monitoring tools, but their level of miniaturization and their fully operation outside the laboratory prevented their use on-site. In the last period, nanophotonic biosensors based on evanescent sensing have emerged as an outstanding choice for portable point-of-care diagnosis thanks to their capability, among others, of miniaturization, multiplexing, label-free detection and integration in lab-on-chip platforms. This review covers the most relevant nanophotonic biosensors which have been proposed (including interferometric waveguides, grating-couplers, microcavity resonators, photonic crystals and localized surface plasmon resonance sensors) and their recent application for environmental surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Chocarro-Ruiz
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology and CIBER-BBN, Campus UAB, Ed-ICN2, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Fernández-Gavela
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology and CIBER-BBN, Campus UAB, Ed-ICN2, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Herranz
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology and CIBER-BBN, Campus UAB, Ed-ICN2, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura M Lechuga
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology and CIBER-BBN, Campus UAB, Ed-ICN2, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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50
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Koltsakidou Α, Antonopoulou M, Sykiotou M, Εvgenidou Ε, Konstantinou I, Lambropoulou DA. Photo-Fenton and Fenton-like processes for the treatment of the antineoplastic drug 5-fluorouracil under simulated solar radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4791-4800. [PMID: 27981483 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, photo-Fenton and Fenton-like processes were investigated for the degradation and mineralization of the antineoplastic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). For the optimization of photo-Fenton treatment under simulated solar light (SSL) radiation, the effects of several operating parameters (i.e., 5-FU concentration, Fe3+, and oxidant concentration) on the treatment efficiency were studied. According to the results, SSL/[Fe(C2Ο4)3]3-/Η2Ο2 process was the most efficient, since faster degradation of 5-FU and higher mineralization percentages were achieved. All the applied processes followed quite similar transformation routes which include defluorination-hydroxylation as well as pyrimidine ring opening, as demonstrated by the transformation products identified by high resolution mass spectrometry analysis. The toxicity of the treated solutions was evaluated using the Microtox assay. In general, low toxicity was recorded for the initial solution and the solution at the end of the photocatalytic treatment, while an increase in the overall toxicity was observed only at the first stages of SSL/Fe3+/Η2Ο2 and SSL/Fe3+/S2O82- processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Α Koltsakidou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Antonopoulou
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 30100, Agrinio, Greece
| | - M Sykiotou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ε Εvgenidou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I Konstantinou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - D A Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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