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Pickering L, Castro-Gutierrez V, Holden B, Haley J, Jarvis P, Campo P, Hassard F. How bioaugmentation for pesticide removal influences the microbial community in biologically active sand filters. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142956. [PMID: 39074664 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Removing pesticides from biological drinking water filters is challenging due to the difficulty in activating pesticide-degrading bacteria within the filters. Bioaugmented bacteria can alter the filter's microbiome, affecting its performance either positively or negatively, depending on the bacteria used and their interaction with native microbes. We demonstrate that adding specific bacteria strains can effectively remove recalcitrant pesticides, like metaldehyde, yielding compliance to regulatory standards for an extended period. Our experiments revealed that the Sphingobium CMET-H strain was particularly effective, consistently reducing metaldehyde concentrations to levels within regulatory compliance, significantly outperforming Acinetobacter calcoaceticus E1. This success is attributed to the superior acclimation and distribution of the Sphingobium strain within the filter bed, facilitating more efficient interactions with and degradation of the pesticide, even when present at lower population densities compared to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus E1. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that the addition of pesticide-degrading strains significantly impacts the filter's microbiome at various depths, despite these strains making up less than 1% of the total microbial community. The sequence in which these bacteria are introduced influences the system's ability to degrade pesticides effectively. This research shows the potential of carefully selected and dosed bioaugmented bacteria to improve the pesticide removal capabilities of water filtration systems, while also highlighting the dynamics between bioaugmented and native microbial communities. Further investigation into optimizing bioaugmentation strategies is suggested to enhance the resilience and efficiency of drinking water treatment systems against pesticide contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pickering
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Victor Castro-Gutierrez
- Environmental Pollution Research Center (CICA), University of Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, 11501, Costa Rica
| | | | - John Haley
- UK Water Industry Research Limited, London, UK
| | - Peter Jarvis
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Pablo Campo
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Francis Hassard
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK.
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2
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Vandermaesen J, Daly AJ, Mawarda PC, Baetens JM, De Baets B, Boon N, Springael D. Cooperative interactions between invader and resident microbial community members weaken the negative diversity-invasion relationship. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14433. [PMID: 38712704 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The negative diversity-invasion relationship observed in microbial invasion studies is commonly explained by competition between the invader and resident populations. However, whether this relationship is affected by invader-resident cooperative interactions is unknown. Using ecological and mathematical approaches, we examined the survival and functionality of Aminobacter niigataensis MSH1 to mineralize 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM), a groundwater micropollutant affecting drinking water production, in sand microcosms when inoculated together with synthetic assemblies of resident bacteria. The assemblies varied in richness and in strains that interacted pairwise with MSH1, including cooperative and competitive interactions. While overall, the negative diversity-invasion relationship was retained, residents engaging in cooperative interactions with the invader had a positive impact on MSH1 survival and functionality, highlighting the dependency of invasion success on community composition. No correlation existed between community richness and the delay in BAM mineralization by MSH1. The findings suggest that the presence of cooperative residents can alleviate the negative diversity-invasion relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aisling J Daly
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Panji Cahya Mawarda
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Jan M Baetens
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Bernard De Baets
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Springael
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
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3
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Nie Y, Zhang T, Xu Y, Du Y, Ai J, Xue N. Study on mechanism of removal of sudden Tetracycline by compound modified biological sand filtration process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120709. [PMID: 38537460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The removal of tetracycline from the sewage plant effluents through advanced treatment methods is key to controlling tetracycline levels in the water environment. In this study, modified quartz sands (QS) were used in a biological sand filter to remove tetracycline. The modified QS, with different surface characteristics, were prepared using glass etching technology combined with subsequent chemical modification methods, including hydroxylation treatment, metal ion modification, and amino modification. The adsorption efficiency of hydroxylated QS was higher than that of metal ion modified and amino modified QS, with adsorption efficiencies of 20.4331 mg/kg, 12.8736 mg/kg, and 10.1737 mg/kg, respectively. Results indicated that QS primarily reduce tetracycline through adsorption. Adsorption on ordinary QS fit the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, while adsorption on other modified QS and biofilm-coated QS fit the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Biodegradation was identified as another mechanism for tetracycline reduction, which fit the zero-order kinetic model. Pseudomonas alcaligenes and unclassified Pseudomonas accounted for 96.6% of the total tetracycline-degrading bacteria. This study elucidates the effectiveness and mechanisms of five types of QS in treating tetracycline from sewage plant effluents. It provides a novel method for tetracycline reduction in real-world wastewater scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Nie
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yufeng Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China.
| | - Yunfei Du
- School of Foreign Languages, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Junjie Ai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Na Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
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4
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Raes B, Wang J, Horemans B, Dirckx L, Waldherr S, Kohler HPE, Springael D. The Growth Yield of Aminobacter niigataensis MSH1 on the Micropollutant 2,6-Dichlorobenzamide Decreases Substantially at Trace Substrate Concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2859-2869. [PMID: 38289638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
2,6-Dichlorobenzamide (BAM) is an omnipresent micropollutant in European groundwaters. Aminobacter niigataensis MSH1 is a prime candidate for biologically treating BAM-contaminated groundwater since this organism is capable of utilizing BAM as a carbon and energy source. However, detailed information on the BAM degradation kinetics by MSH1 at trace concentrations is lacking, while this knowledge is required for predicting and optimizing the degradation process. Contaminating assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in media makes the biodegradation experiment a mixed-substrate assay and hampers exploration of pollutant degradation at trace concentrations. In this study, we examined how the BAM concentration affects MSH1 growth and BAM substrate utilization kinetics in a AOC-restricted background to avoid mixed-substrate conditions. Conventional Monod kinetic models were unable to predict kinetic parameters at low concentrations from kinetics determined at high concentrations. Growth yields on BAM were concentration-dependent and decreased substantially at trace concentrations; i.e., growth of MSH1 diminished until undetectable levels at BAM concentrations below 217 μg-C/L. Nevertheless, BAM degradation continued. Decreasing growth yields at lower BAM concentrations might relate to physiological adaptations to low substrate availability or decreased expression of downstream steps of the BAM catabolic pathway beyond 2,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (2,6-DCBA) that ultimately leads to Krebs cycle intermediates for growth and energy conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Raes
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Heverlee B-3001, Belgium
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Heverlee B-3001, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Horemans
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Heverlee B-3001, Belgium
| | - Lode Dirckx
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Heverlee B-3001, Belgium
| | - Steffen Waldherr
- Chemical Reactor Engineering and Safety (CREaS), KU Leuven, Heverlee B-3001, Belgium
| | - Hans-Peter E Kohler
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Springael
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Heverlee B-3001, Belgium
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5
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Timmers PHA, Siegers W, Ferreira ML, van der Wielen PWJJ. Bioremediation of rapid sand filters for removal of organic micropollutants during drinking water production. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120921. [PMID: 38039817 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Rapid sand filtration (RSF) is used during drinking water production for removal of particles, possible harmful microorganisms, organic material and inorganic compounds such as iron, manganese, ammonium and methane. However, RSF can also be used for removal of certain organic micropollutants (OMPs). In this study, it was investigated if OMP removal in columns packed with sand from full scale RSFs could be stimulated by bioaugmentation (i.e. inoculating RSFs with sand from another RSF) and/or biostimulation (i.e. addition of nutrients, vitamins and trace-elements that stimulate microbial growth). The results showed that removal of PFOA, carbamazepine, 1-H benzotriazole, amidotrizoate and iopamidol in the columns was low (< 20 %). Propranolol and diclofenac removal was higher (50-60 %) and propranolol removal likely occurred via sorption processes, whereas for diclofenac it was unclear if removal was a combination of physical-chemical and biological processes. Moreover, bioaugmentation and biostimulation resulted in 99 % removal of gabapentin and metoprolol after 38 days and 99 % removal of acesulfame after 52 days of incubation. The bioaugmented column without biostimulation showed 99 % removal for gabapentin and metoprolol after 52 days, and for acesulfame after 80 days. In contrast, the non-bioaugmented column did not remove gabapentin, removed < 40 % metoprolol and showed 99 % removal of acesulfame only after 80 days of incubation. Removal of these OMPs was negatively correlated with ammonium oxidation and the absolute abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that OMP removal of acesulfame, gabapentin and metoprolol was positively correlated to the relative abundance of specific bacterial genera that harbor species with a heterotrophic and aerobic or denitrifying metabolism. These results show that bioaugmentation of RSF can be successful for OMP removal, where biostimulation can accelerate this removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peer H A Timmers
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, AJ Nijmegen 6525, the Netherlands.
| | - Wolter Siegers
- KWR Water Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
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6
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Hernández-Del Castillo PC, Robledo-Trujillo G, Rodríguez-González V. Development of a visible-light-active-NiTiO 3 coating for the efficient removal of the persistent herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) from drinking water. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139628. [PMID: 37524267 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present research work, the photocatalytic evaluation of NiTiO3 nanoparticles immobilized on glass plates by the spin-coating procedure was carried out in the degradation of the recalcitrant herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM). The concentrations of Ni employed to synthesize NiTiO3 nanoparticles were 1 wt% (1TESNi) and 2 wt% (2TESNi). The stability of coatings was evaluated by several washings and thermal treatments, which were verified by UV-vis analyses. The morphology of the coatings was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS). The coatings displayed thickness values of 1.35 and 2.56 μm for TiO2 and 1TESNi, respectively. The crystalline phases of the coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), confirming the presence of NiTiO3 and other phases related to TiO2. The bandgap of 1TESNi, compared with the bare TiO2, was reduced from 2.96 to 2.40 eV as a consequence of Ni addition. The TiO2, 1TESNi and 2TESNi coatings were evaluated in the photodegradation of BAM using visible-light for 240 min. The highest effectiveness was displayed by the 1TESNi coating, obtaining degradation of 92.56% after 240 min. Also, the photocatalytic efficiency of the 1TESNi coating was only reduced 1.99% after 3 reuse cycles in the BAM degradation. The scavenger tests revealed that the main oxidizing species involved in the reaction were the •OH- and •O2- radicals. The 1TESNi coating showed the highest photocatalytic efficiency because of its absorption in the visible-light region, valuable surface area and electronic charge separation. Thus, these advantageous features guarantee that NiTiO3 coatings are an efficient method for degrading recalcitrant herbicides from drinking water using a practical way to recover and reuse photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Hernández-Del Castillo
- División de Materiales Avanzados, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - G Robledo-Trujillo
- División de Materiales Avanzados, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - V Rodríguez-González
- División de Materiales Avanzados, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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7
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Wang J, de Ridder D, Sutton NB, Poursat BAJ, Saha P, van der Wal A. The abiotic removal of organic micropollutants with iron and manganese oxides in rapid sand filters for groundwater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 241:120146. [PMID: 37270951 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid sand filters (RSFs) have shown potential for removing organic micropollutants (OMPs) from groundwater. However, the abiotic removal mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we collect sand from two field RSFs that are operated in series. The sand from the primary filter abiotically removes 87.5% of salicylic acid, 81.4% of paracetamol, and 80.2% of benzotriazole, while the sand from the secondary filter only removes paracetamol (84.6%). The field collected sand is coated by a blend of iron oxides (FeOx) and manganese oxides (MnOx) combined with organic matter, phosphate, and calcium. FeOx adsorbs salicylic acid via bonding of carboxyl group with FeOx. The desorption of salicylic acid from field sand indicates that salicylic acid is not oxidized by FeOx. MnOx adsorbs paracetamol through electrostatic interactions, and further transforms it into p-benzoquinone imine through hydrolysis-oxidation. FeOx significantly adsorbs organic matter, calcium, and phosphate, which in turn influences OMP removal. Organic matter on field sand surfaces limits OMP removal by blocking sorption sites on the oxides. However, calcium and phosphate on field sand support benzotriazole removal via surface complexation and hydrogen bonding. This paper provides further insight into the abiotic removal mechanisms of OMPs in field RSFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Wang
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - David de Ridder
- Evides Water Company N.V., Schaardijk 150, Rotterdam 3063 NH, the Netherlands
| | - Nora B Sutton
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, the Netherlands.
| | - Baptiste A J Poursat
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Pradip Saha
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Wal
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, the Netherlands; Evides Water Company N.V., Schaardijk 150, Rotterdam 3063 NH, the Netherlands
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8
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Nguyen TM, Chen HH, Chang YC, Ning TC, Chen KF. Remediation of groundwater contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) using a long-lasting persulfate/biochar barrier. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 333:138954. [PMID: 37201606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination by chlorinated solvents causes potential threats to water resources and human health. Therefore, it is important to develop effective technologies to remediate contaminated groundwater. This study uses biodegradable hydrophilic polymers, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as binders to manufacture persulfate (PS) tablets for the sustained release of persulfate to treat trichloroethylene (TCE) in groundwater. The release time for different tablets decreases in the order: HPMC (8-15 days) > HEC (7-8 days) > PVP (2-5 days). The efficiency with which persulfate is released is: HPMC (73-79%) > HEC (60-72%) > PVP (12-31%). HPMC is the optimal binder for the manufacture of persulfate tablets and persulfate is released from a tablet of HPMC/PS ratio (wt/wt) of 4/3 for 15 days at a release rate of 1127 mg/day. HPMC/PS/biochar (BC) ratios (wt/wt/wt) between 1/1/0.02 and 1/1/0.0333 are suitable for PS/BC tablets. PS/BC tablets release persulfate for 9-11 days at release rates of 1243 to 1073 mg/day. The addition of too much biochar weakens the structure of the tablets, which results in a rapid release of persulfate. TCE is oxidized by a PS tablet with an efficiency of 85% and a PS/BC tablet eliminates more TCE, with a removal efficiency of 100%, due to oxidation and adsorption during the 15 days of reaction. Oxidation is the predominant mechanism for TCE elimination by a PS/BC tablet. The adsorption of TCE by BC fits well with the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the pseudo-first-order kinetics, which describes the removal of TCE by PS and PS/BC tablets. The results of this study show that a PS/BC tablet can be used in a permeable reactive barrier for long-term passive remediation of groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Manh Nguyen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, 545301, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, 545301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chang
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, 545301, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chien Ning
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, 545301, Taiwan
| | - Ku-Fan Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, 545301, Taiwan.
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Dutta N, Usman M, Ashraf MA, Luo G, Zhang S. A critical review of recent advances in the bio-remediation of chlorinated substances by microbial dechlorinators. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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10
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Wang J, Poursat BAJ, Feng J, de Ridder D, Zhang C, van der Wal A, Sutton NB. Exploring organic micropollutant biodegradation under dynamic substrate loading in rapid sand filters. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118832. [PMID: 35949068 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial removal of trace organic micropollutants (OMPs) from drinking water sources remains challenging. Nitrifying and heterotrophic bacteria in rapid sand filters (RSFs) are capable of biodegrading OMPs while growing on ammonia and dissolved organic matter (DOM). The loading patterns of ammonia and DOM may therefore affect microbial activities as well as OMP biodegradation. So far, there is very limited information on the effect of substrate loading on OMP biodegradation at environmentally relevant concentrations (∼ 1 µg/L) in RSFs. We investigated the biodegradation rates of 16 OMPs at various substrate loading rates and/or empty bed contact times (EBCT). The presence of DOM improved the biodegradation of paracetamol (41.8%) by functioning as supplementary carbon source for the heterotrophic degrader, while hindering the biodegradation of 2,4-D, mecoprop and benzotriazole due to substrate competition. Lower loading ratios of DOM/benzotriazole benefited benzotriazole biodegradation by reducing substrate competition. Higher ammonia loading rates enhanced benzotriazole removal by stimulating nitrification-based co-metabolism. However, stimulating nitrification inhibited heterotrophic activity, which in turn inhibited the biodegradation of paracetamol, 2,4-D and mecoprop. A longer EBCT promoted metformin biodegradation as it is a slowly biodegradable compound, but suppressed the biodegradation of paracetamol and benzotriazole due to limited substrate supply. Therefore, the optimal substrate loading pattern is contingent on the type of OMP, which can be chosen based on the priority compounds in practice. The overall results contribute to understanding OMP biodegradation mechanisms at trace concentrations and offer a step towards enhancing microbial removal of OMPs from drinking water by optimally using RSFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Wang
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Baptiste A J Poursat
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiahao Feng
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David de Ridder
- Evides Water Company N.V., Schaardijk 150, 3063 NH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chen Zhang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 8033, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Wal
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Evides Water Company N.V., Schaardijk 150, 3063 NH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nora B Sutton
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Oliva J, Valadez-Renteria E, Kshetri YK, Encinas A, Lee SW, Rodriguez-Gonzalez V. A sustainable composite of rice-paper/BaMoO 4 nanoparticles for the photocatalytic elimination of the recalcitrant 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) pesticide in drinking water and its mechanisms of degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:59915-59929. [PMID: 35397726 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This research reports the use of biodegradable and flexible composites for the removal of the 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) pesticide from drinking water. Rice paper (a biodegradable substrate) and Ag/BaMoO4 (MOBA) nanoparticles were employed to fabricate these composites. The SEM images showed that the MOBA nanoparticles with sizes of 300-800 nm decorated the surface of the biodegradable substrate and formed porous agglomerates, which have sizes of 1-3 μm. The MOBA powders were dispersed in drinking water polluted with BAM and were exposed to 4 h of UV-VIS irradiation, producing a maximum degradation of 82% for the BAM. Moreover, the flexible and biodegradable rice/MOBA composite produced a maximum removal percentage of 95% for the BAM. Also, we studied the effect of pH of the initial solution utilizing both powders and composites. From here, we found that a pH of 10 leads to a complete degradation of BAM after 4h, while a pH of 3 degraded only 37-47% of BAM for the same reaction time. According to the scavenger experiments, the •OH radical and the h+ were the main oxidizing agents for the BAM. Overall, the biodegradable photocatalytic composites are a reliable and a low-cost alternative to eliminate pesticides from the drinking water and can find application in water purification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Oliva
- CONACyT-División de Materiales Avanzados, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.
| | - Ernesto Valadez-Renteria
- CONACyT-División de Materiales Avanzados, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Yuwaraj K Kshetri
- Department of Environmental and Bio-Chemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Armando Encinas
- CONACyT-División de Materiales Avanzados, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Soo Wohn Lee
- Department of Environmental and Bio-Chemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam, 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Vicente Rodriguez-Gonzalez
- CONACyT-División de Materiales Avanzados, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
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12
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Schostag MD, Gobbi A, Fini MN, Ellegaard-Jensen L, Aamand J, Hansen LH, Muff J, Albers CN. Combining reverse osmosis and microbial degradation for remediation of drinking water contaminated with recalcitrant pesticide residue. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 216:118352. [PMID: 35358881 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination by recalcitrant organic micropollutants such as pesticide residues poses a great threat to the quality of drinking water. One way to remediate drinking water containing micropollutants is to bioaugment with specific pollutant degrading bacteria. Previous attempts to augment sand filters with the 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) degrading bacterium Aminobacter niigataensis MSH1 to remediate BAM-polluted drinking water initially worked well, but the efficiency rapidly decreased due to loss of degrader bacteria. Here, we use pilot-scale augmented sand filters to treat retentate of reverse osmosis treatment, thus increasing residence time in the biofilters and potentially nutrient availability. In a first pilot-scale experiment, BAM and most of the measured nutrients were concentrated 5-10 times in the retentate. This did not adversely affect the abundances of inoculated bacteria and the general prokaryotic community of the sand filter presented only minor differences. On the other hand, the high degradation activity was not prolonged compared to the filter receiving non-concentrated water at the same residence time. Using laboratory columns, it was shown that efficient BAM degradation could be achieved for >100 days by increasing the residence time in the sand filter. A slower flow may have practical implications for the treatment of large volumes of water, however this can be circumvented when treating only the retentate water equalling 10-15% of the volume of inlet water. We therefore conducted a second pilot-scale experiment with two inoculated sand filters receiving membrane retentate operated with different residence times (22 versus 133 min) for 65 days. While the number of MSH1 in the biofilters was not affected, the effect on degradation was significant. In the filter with short residence time, BAM degradation decreased from 86% to a stable level of 10-30% degradation within the first two weeks. The filter with the long residence time initially showed >97% BAM degradation, which only slightly decreased with time (88% at day 65). Our study demonstrates the advantage of combining membrane filtration with bioaugmented filters in cases where flow rate is of high importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten D Schostag
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark & Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex Gobbi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mahdi Nikbakht Fini
- Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Aamand
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark & Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jens Muff
- Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Christian N Albers
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark & Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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LeviRam I, Gross A, Lintern A, Henry R, Schang C, Herzberg M, McCarthy D. Sustainable micropollutant bioremediation via stormwater biofiltration system. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 214:118188. [PMID: 35235884 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Waters contaminated with micropollutants are of environmental and public health concern globally. Stormwater is a significant source of anthropogenic micropollutants to receiving waters. Hence, sustainable stormwater remediation is needed to reduce contamination of waterways. Yet designing sustainable bioremediation solutions, including those targeted to remove micropollutants, is a major scientific challenge. This study aimed to adapt the design of stormwater biofiltration systems, to improve the removal of micropollutants and understand the role of the micropollutant-degrading bacteria in this bioremediation process. We investigated the atrazine removal performance of a prototype biofiltration system, in which the filter media was supplemented with Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC). The prototype biofiltration system completely removed atrazine to below detectable limits, significantly exceeding the GAC's adsorption capacity alone, suggesting other biological processes were present. We showed that atrazine degradation capacity, measured by the kinetics of the trzN gene abundance, was accelerated in the prototype system compared to the standard system (which had no added GAC; 0.8 vs. 0.37 week-1, respectively). Notably, this high level of atrazine removal did not come at the expense of the removal performance of other typical stormwater macropollutants (e.g., nutrients, suspended solids). The prototype biofiltration system showed a proof-of-concept of sustaining microbial remediation of a model micropollutant alongside stormwater macropollutants, which could be used to reduce impacts on receiving waterways and protect our ecosystems and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- I LeviRam
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel; Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab), Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - A Gross
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - A Lintern
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab), Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - R Henry
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab), Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - C Schang
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab), Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - M Herzberg
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - D McCarthy
- Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory (EPHM Lab), Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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14
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Sun F, Mellage A, Wang Z, Bakkour R, Griebler C, Thullner M, Cirpka OA, Elsner M. Toward Improved Bioremediation Strategies: Response of BAM-Degradation Activity to Concentration and Flow Changes in an Inoculated Bench-Scale Sediment Tank. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4050-4061. [PMID: 35263099 PMCID: PMC8988295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) can reveal mass-transfer limitations during biodegradation of organic pollutants by enabling the detection of masked isotope fractionation. Here, we applied CSIA to monitor the adaptive response of bacterial degradation in inoculated sediment to low contaminant concentrations over time. We characterized Aminobacter sp. MSH1 activity in a flow-through sediment tank in response to a transient supply of elevated 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) concentrations as a priming strategy and took advantage of an inadvertent intermittence to investigate the effect of short-term flow fluctuations. Priming and flow fluctuations yielded improved biodegradation performance and increased biodegradation capacity, as evaluated from bacterial activity and residual concentration time series. However, changes in isotope ratios in space and over time evidenced that mass transfer became increasingly limiting for degradation of BAM at low concentrations under such stimulated conditions, and that activity decreased further due to bacterial adaptation at low BAM (μg/L) levels. Isotope ratios, in conjunction with residual substrate concentrations, therefore helped identifying underlying limitations of biodegradation in such a stimulated system, offering important insight for future optimization of remediation schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchao Sun
- Institute
of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair
of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Adrian Mellage
- Center
for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 94, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zhe Wang
- Institute
of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair
of Ecological Microbiology, University of
Bayreuth, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Straße 1-3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
- School
of Life Sciences, Technical University of
Munich, Alte Akademie 8, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Rani Bakkour
- Chair
of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Griebler
- Department
of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Thullner
- Department
of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ—Helmholtz
Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 30418 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olaf A. Cirpka
- Center
for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 94, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute
of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair
of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
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15
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Castro-Gutierrez VM, Pickering L, Cambronero-Heinrichs JC, Holden B, Haley J, Jarvis P, Jefferson B, Helgason T, Moir JW, Hassard F. Bioaugmentation of pilot-scale slow sand filters can achieve compliant levels for the micropollutant metaldehyde in a real water matrix. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 211:118071. [PMID: 35063927 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metaldehyde is a polar, mobile, low molecular weight pesticide that is challenging to remove from drinking water with current adsorption-based micropollutant treatment technologies. Alternative strategies to remove this and compounds with similar properties are necessary to ensure an adequate supply of safe and regulation-compliant drinking water. Biological removal of metaldehyde below the 0.1 µg•L-1 regulatory concentration was attained in pilot-scale slow sand filters (SSFs) subject to bioaugmentation with metaldehyde-degrading bacteria. To achieve this, a library of degraders was first screened in bench-scale assays for removal at micropollutant concentrations in progressively more challenging conditions, including a mixed microbial community with multiple carbon sources. The best performing strains, A. calcoaceticus E1 and Sphingobium CMET-H, showed removal rates of 0.0012 µg•h-1•107 cells-1 and 0.019 µg•h-1•107 cells-1 at this scale. These candidates were then used as inocula for bioaugmentation of pilot-scale SSFs. Here, removal of metaldehyde by A. calcoaceticus E1, was insufficient to achieve compliant water regardless testing increasing cell concentrations. Quantification of metaldehyde-degrading genes indicated that aggregation and inadequate distribution of the inoculum in the filters were the likely causes of this outcome. Conversely, bioaugmentation with Sphingobium CMET-H enabled sufficient metaldehyde removal to achieve compliance, with undetectable levels in treated water for at least 14 d (volumetric removal: 0.57 µg•L-1•h-1). Bioaugmentation did not affect the background SSF microbial community, and filter function was maintained throughout the trial. Here it has been shown for the first time that bioaugmentation is an efficient strategy to remove the adsorption-resistant pesticide metaldehyde from a real water matrix in upscaled systems. Swift contaminant removal after inoculum addition and persistent activity are two remarkable attributes of this approach that would allow it to effectively manage peaks in metaldehyde concentrations (due to precipitation or increased application) in incoming raw water by matching them with high enough degrading populations. This study provides an example of how stepwise screening of a diverse collection of degraders can lead to successful bioaugmentation and can be used as a template for other problematic adsorption-resistant compounds in drinking water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Castro-Gutierrez
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK; Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK; Environmental Pollution Research Center (CICA), University of Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, 11501, Costa Rica
| | - L Pickering
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - J C Cambronero-Heinrichs
- Environmental Pollution Research Center (CICA), University of Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, 11501, Costa Rica
| | - B Holden
- UK Water Industry Research Limited, London, UK
| | - J Haley
- UK Water Industry Research Limited, London, UK
| | - P Jarvis
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - B Jefferson
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - T Helgason
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - J W Moir
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - F Hassard
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
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16
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Wang J, Zhang C, Poursat BAJ, de Ridder D, Smidt H, van der Wal A, Sutton NB. Unravelling the contribution of nitrifying and methanotrophic bacteria to micropollutant co-metabolism in rapid sand filters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127760. [PMID: 34836694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of organic micropollutant (OMP) in groundwater threatens drinking water quality and public health. Rapid sand filter (RSF) rely on biofilms with nitrifying and methanotrophic bacteria to remove ammonia and methane during drinking water production. Previous research observed the partial removal of OMPs with active nitrification and methane oxidation due to co-metabolic conversion of OMPs. However, the contribution of indigenous nitrifying and methanotrophic communities from RSF has yet to be fully explored. Accordingly, experiments were carried out with biofilm-covered sand collected from field-scale RSF, to assess the removal of nine OMPs by nitrifying and methanotrophic bacteria. Results indicated that stimulating nitrification resulted in significantly more removal of caffeine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and bentazone. Stimulating methanotrophic conditions enhanced the removal of caffeine, benzotriazole, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and bentazone. Microbial community analysis based on 16 S rRNA gene sequencing revealed Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira are the dominant genus in the community under nitrifying conditions. The three genera Methylobacter, Methylomonas and Methylotenera were enriched under methanotrophic conditions. This study highlights that nitrifying and methanotrophic bacteria play important roles during OMP removal in field RSF. Furthermore, results suggest that bioaugmentation with an enriched nitrifying and methanotrophic culture is a promising approach to improve OMP removal in RSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Wang
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chen Zhang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. box 8033, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Baptiste A J Poursat
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David de Ridder
- Evides Water Company N.V., Schaardijk 150, 3063 NH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. box 8033, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Wal
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Evides Water Company N.V., Schaardijk 150, 3063 NH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nora B Sutton
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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17
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Vandermaesen J, Du S, Daly AJ, Baetens JM, Horemans B, De Baets B, Boon N, Springael D. Interspecies Interactions of the 2,6-Dichlorobenzamide Degrading Aminobacter sp. MSH1 with Resident Sand Filter Bacteria: Indications for Mutual Cooperative Interactions That Improve BAM Mineralization Activity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1352-1364. [PMID: 34982540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioaugmentation often involves an invasion process requiring the establishment and activity of a foreign microbe in the resident community of the target environment. Interactions with resident micro-organisms, either antagonistic or cooperative, are believed to impact invasion. However, few studies have examined the variability of interactions between an invader and resident species of its target environment, and none of them considered a bioremediation context. Aminobacter sp. MSH1 mineralizing the groundwater micropollutant 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM), is proposed for bioaugmentation of sand filters used in drinking water production to avert BAM contamination. We examined the nature of the interactions between MSH1 and 13 sand filter resident bacteria in dual and triple species assemblies in sand microcosms. The residents affected MSH1-mediated BAM mineralization without always impacting MSH1 cell densities, indicating effects on cell physiology rather than on cell number. Exploitative competition explained most of the effects (70%), but indications of interference competition were also found. Two residents improved BAM mineralization in dual species assemblies, apparently in a mutual cooperation, and overruled negative effects by others in triple species systems. The results suggest that sand filter communities contain species that increase MSH1 fitness. This opens doors for assisting bioaugmentation through co-inoculation with "helper" bacteria originating from and adapted to the target environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Vandermaesen
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 Bus 2459, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Siyao Du
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 Bus 2459, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Aisling J Daly
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jan M Baetens
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Horemans
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 Bus 2459, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bernard De Baets
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Springael
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 Bus 2459, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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18
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Abstract
Biological rapid sand filtration is a commonly employed method for the removal of organic and inorganic impurities in water which relies on the degradative properties of microorganisms for the removal of diverse contaminants, but their bioremediation capabilities vary greatly across waterworks. Bioaugmentation efforts with degradation-proficient bacteria have proven difficult due to the inability of the exogenous microbes to stably colonize the sand filters. Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA elements that can often transfer between bacteria and facilitate the flow of genetic information across microbiomes, yet their ability to spread within rapid sand filters has remained unknown. Here, we examine the permissiveness of rapid sand filter communities toward four environmentally transmissible plasmids, RP4, RSF1010, pKJK5, and TOL (pWWO), using a dual-fluorescence bioreporter platform combined with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Our results reveal that plasmids can transfer at high frequencies and across distantly related taxa from rapid sand filter communities, emphasizing their potential suitability for introducing bioremediation determinants in the microbiomes of underperforming water purification plants.
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19
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Nielsen TK, Horemans B, Lood C, T'Syen J, van Noort V, Lavigne R, Ellegaard-Jensen L, Hylling O, Aamand J, Springael D, Hansen LH. The complete genome of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) degrader Aminobacter sp. MSH1 suggests a polyploid chromosome, phylogenetic reassignment, and functions of plasmids. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18943. [PMID: 34556718 PMCID: PMC8460812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminobacter sp. MSH1 (CIP 110285) can use the pesticide dichlobenil and its recalcitrant transformation product, 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM), as sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. The concentration of BAM in groundwater often exceeds the threshold limit for drinking water, requiring additional treatment in drinking water treatment plants or closure of the affected abstraction wells. Biological treatment with MSH1 is considered a potential sustainable alternative to remediate BAM-contamination in drinking water production. We present the complete genome of MSH1, which was determined independently in two institutes at Aarhus University and KU Leuven. Divergences were observed between the two genomes, i.e. one of them lacked four plasmids compared to the other. Besides the circular chromosome and the two previously described plasmids involved in BAM catabolism, pBAM1 and pBAM2, the genome of MSH1 contained two megaplasmids and three smaller plasmids. The MSH1 substrain from KU Leuven showed a reduced genome lacking a megaplasmid and three smaller plasmids and was designated substrain MK1, whereas the Aarhus variant with all plasmids was designated substrain DK1. A plasmid stability experiment indicate that substrain DK1 may have a polyploid chromosome when growing in R2B medium with more chromosomes than plasmids per cell. Finally, strain MSH1 is reassigned as Aminobacter niigataensis MSH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tue Kjærgaard Nielsen
- Section for Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Horemans
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.,Sustainable Materials Unit, BAT Knowledge Centre, Vlaams Instituut voor Technologisch Onderzoek, Mol, Belgium
| | - Cédric Lood
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen T'Syen
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vera van Noort
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lea Ellegaard-Jensen
- Section of Environmental Microbiology and Circular Resource Flow, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ole Hylling
- Section of Environmental Microbiology and Circular Resource Flow, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jens Aamand
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dirk Springael
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
- Section for Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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Fenner K, Elsner M, Lueders T, McLachlan MS, Wackett LP, Zimmermann M, Drewes JE. Methodological Advances to Study Contaminant Biotransformation: New Prospects for Understanding and Reducing Environmental Persistence? ACS ES&T WATER 2021; 1:1541-1554. [PMID: 34278380 PMCID: PMC8276273 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.1c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Complex microbial communities in environmental systems play a key role in the detoxification of chemical contaminants by transforming them into less active metabolites or by complete mineralization. Biotransformation, i.e., transformation by microbes, is well understood for a number of priority pollutants, but a similar level of understanding is lacking for many emerging contaminants encountered at low concentrations and in complex mixtures across natural and engineered systems. Any advanced approaches aiming to reduce environmental exposure to such contaminants (e.g., novel engineered biological water treatment systems, design of readily degradable chemicals, or improved regulatory assessment strategies to determine contaminant persistence a priori) will depend on understanding the causal links among contaminant removal, the key driving agents of biotransformation at low concentrations (i.e., relevant microbes and their metabolic activities), and how their presence and activity depend on environmental conditions. In this Perspective, we present the current understanding and recent methodological advances that can help to identify such links, even in complex environmental microbiomes and for contaminants present at low concentrations in complex chemical mixtures. We discuss the ensuing insights into contaminant biotransformation across varying environments and conditions and ask how much closer we have come to designing improved approaches to reducing environmental exposure to contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Elsner
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tillmann Lueders
- Chair of Ecological Microbiology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael S McLachlan
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lawrence P Wackett
- Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Michael Zimmermann
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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21
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Sun F, Mellage A, Gharasoo M, Melsbach A, Cao X, Zimmermann R, Griebler C, Thullner M, Cirpka OA, Elsner M. Mass-Transfer-Limited Biodegradation at Low Concentrations-Evidence from Reactive Transport Modeling of Isotope Profiles in a Bench-Scale Aquifer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7386-7397. [PMID: 33970610 PMCID: PMC8173607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic contaminant degradation by suspended bacteria in chemostats has shown that isotope fractionation decreases dramatically when pollutant concentrations fall below the (half-saturation) Monod constant. This masked isotope fractionation implies that membrane transfer is slow relative to the enzyme turnover at μg L-1 substrate levels. Analogous evidence of mass transfer as a bottleneck for biodegradation in aquifer settings, where microbes are attached to the sediment, is lacking. A quasi-two-dimensional flow-through sediment microcosm/tank system enabled us to study the aerobic degradation of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM), while collecting sufficient samples at the outlet for compound-specific isotope analysis. By feeding an anoxic BAM solution through the center inlet port and dissolved oxygen (DO) above and below, strong transverse concentration cross-gradients of BAM and DO yielded zones of low (μg L-1) steady-state concentrations. We were able to simulate the profiles of concentrations and isotope ratios of the contaminant plume using a reactive transport model that accounted for a mass-transfer limitation into bacterial cells, where apparent isotope enrichment factors *ε decreased strongly below concentrations around 600 μg/L BAM. For the biodegradation of organic micropollutants, mass transfer into the cell emerges as a bottleneck, specifically at low (μg L-1) concentrations. Neglecting this effect when interpreting isotope ratios at field sites may lead to a significant underestimation of biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchao Sun
- Institute
of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, Ingolstädter
Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Chair
of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 17, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Adrian Mellage
- Center
for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 94−96, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Mehdi Gharasoo
- Institute
of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, Ingolstädter
Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ecohydrology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Aileen Melsbach
- Institute
of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, Ingolstädter
Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Chair
of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 17, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Xin Cao
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics (CMA) Cooperation Group Helmholtz Zentrum, Gmunderstrasse 37, Munich 81379, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics (CMA) Cooperation Group Helmholtz Zentrum, Gmunderstrasse 37, Munich 81379, Germany
| | - Christian Griebler
- Department
of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Martin Thullner
- Department
of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ—Helmholtz
Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 30418, Germany
| | - Olaf A. Cirpka
- Center
for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 94−96, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute
of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, Ingolstädter
Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Chair
of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 17, Munich 81377, Germany
- Phone: +49 89 2180-78232
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22
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Mudhoo A, Ramasamy DL, Bhatnagar A, Usman M, Sillanpää M. An analysis of the versatility and effectiveness of composts for sequestering heavy metal ions, dyes and xenobiotics from soils and aqueous milieus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 197:110587. [PMID: 32325327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The persistence and bioaccumulation of environmental pollutants in water bodies, soils and living tissues remain alarmingly related to environmental protection and ecosystem restoration. Adsorption-based techniques appear highly competent in sequestering several environmental pollutants. In this review, the recent research findings reported on the assessments of composts and compost-amended soils as adsorbents of heavy metal ions, dye molecules and xenobiotics have been appraised. This review demonstrates clearly the high adsorption capacities of composts for umpteen environmental pollutants at the lab-scale. The main inferences from this review are that utilization of composts for the removal of heavy metal ions, dye molecules and xenobiotics from aqueous environments and soils is particularly worthwhile and efficient at the laboratory scale, and the adsorption behaviors and effectiveness of compost-type adsorbents for agrochemicals (e.g. herbicides and insecticides) vary considerably because of variabilities in structure, topology, bond connectivity, distribution of functional groups and interactions of xenobiotics with the active humic substances in composts. Compost-based field-scale remediation of environmental pollutants is still sparse and arguably much challenging to implement if, furthermore, real-world soil and water contamination issues are to be addressed effectively. Hence, significant research and process development efforts should be promptly geared and intensified in this direction by extrapolating the lab-scale findings in a cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ackmez Mudhoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, 80837, Mauritius.
| | - Deepika Lakshmi Ramasamy
- Department of Separation Science, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Muhammad Usman
- PEIE Research Chair for the Development of Industrial Estates and Free Zones, Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia.
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23
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Bugge Harder C, Nyrop Albers C, Rosendahl S, Aamand J, Ellegaard-Jensen L, Ekelund F. Successional trophic complexity and biogeographical structure of eukaryotic communities in waterworks' rapid sand filters. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5569652. [PMID: 31518408 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As groundwater-fed waterworks clean their raw inlet water with sand filters, a variety of pro- and eukaryotic microbial communities develop on these filters. While several studies have targeted the prokaryotic sand filter communities, little is known about the eukaryotic communities, despite the obvious need for knowledge of microorganisms that get in contact with human drinking water. With a new general eukaryotic primer set (18S, V1-V3 region), we performed FLX-454 sequencing of material from 21 waterworks' sand filters varying in age (3-40 years) and geographical location on a 250 km east-west axis in Denmark, and put the data in context of their previously published prokaryotic communities. We find that filters vary highly in trophic complexity depending on age, from simple systems with bacteria and protozoa (3-6 years) to complex, mature systems with nematodes, rotifers and turbellarians as apex predators (40 years). Unlike the bacterial communities, the eukaryotic communities display a clear distance-decay relationship that predominates over environmental variations, indicating that the underlying aquifers feeding the filters harbor distinct eukaryotic communities with limited dispersal in between. Our findings have implications for waterworks' filter management, and offer a window down to the largely unexplored eukaryotic microbiology of groundwater aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Bugge Harder
- Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology Group, Lund University, Ecology Building, Solvegatan 37, SE 223-62, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Bayer Plant Science Building, 2911 15th Street, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Christian Nyrop Albers
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark & Greenland, Ø Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Rosendahl
- Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jens Aamand
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark & Greenland, Ø Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lea Ellegaard-Jensen
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark & Greenland, Ø Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Flemming Ekelund
- Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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24
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Ghanbarlou H, Pedersen NL, Nikbakht Fini M, Muff J. Synergy optimization for the removal of dye and pesticides from drinking water using granular activated carbon particles in a 3D electrochemical reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22206-22213. [PMID: 32086734 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The combination of adsorption on particulate materials and electrochemical oxidation in 3D electrochemical systems is potentially a very efficient process for the treatment of micropollutants in water. This paper presents results on the use of granular activated carbon as particulate material in the process and treatment of the dye 4-nitrosodimethylaniline and pesticides MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), MCPP (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid), and the pesticide transformation product BAM (2,6-dichloro-benzamide) in drinking water. 4-nitrosodimethylaniline was used to investigate influential factors as loading of GAC in a batch electrochemical setup and strength of the electric field in a flow cell recirculation batch setup. Results showed that compared to previous studies in distilled water, only additive effects were found in batch setup, and higher electric field strength was needed in the flow cell setup to achieve slight synergy (~ 5%). Reasons were likely due to the indirect oxidation pathways mediated by the anodic chloride oxidation induced by the content of chloride in the drinking water. On MCPA, MCPP and BAM synergies from 28 to 38% were measured in the batch setup, but in the flow cell, results ranged from additive effects (~ 0%) up to 70%. Considering the low price and widespread availability of granular activated carbon, the gain in process removal rates achieved in the combined 3D electrochemical reactor is of interest compared to the individual processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosna Ghanbarlou
- Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Nikoline L Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Chemical Engineering, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, DK-6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Mahdi Nikbakht Fini
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Chemical Engineering, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, DK-6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Jens Muff
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Chemical Engineering, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, DK-6700, Esbjerg, Denmark.
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25
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Tian Z, Peter KT, Gipe AD, Zhao H, Hou F, Wark DA, Khangaonkar T, Kolodziej EP, James CA. Suspect and Nontarget Screening for Contaminants of Emerging Concern in an Urban Estuary. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:889-901. [PMID: 31887037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study used suspect and nontarget screening with high-resolution mass spectrometry to characterize the occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in the nearshore marine environment of Puget Sound (WA). In total, 87 non-polymeric CECs were identified; those confirmed with reference standards (45) included pharmaceuticals, herbicides, vehicle-related compounds, plasticizers, and flame retardants. Eight polyfluoroalkyl substances were detected; perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) concentrations were as high as 72-140 ng/L at one location. Low levels of methamphetamine were detected in 41% of the samples. Transformation products of pesticides were tentatively identified, including two novel transformation products of tebuthiuron. While a hydrodynamic simulation, analytical results, and dilution calculations demonstrated the prevalence of wastewater effluent to nearshore marine environments, the identity and abundance of selected CECs revealed the additional contributions from stormwater and localized urban and industrial sources. For the confirmed CECs, risk quotients were calculated based on concentrations and predicted toxicities, and eight CECs had risk quotients >1. Dilution in the marine estuarine environment lowered the risks of most wastewater-derived CECs, but dilution alone is insufficient to mitigate risks of localized inputs. These findings highlighted the necessity of suspect and nontarget screening and revealed the importance of localized contamination sources in urban marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Tian
- Center for Urban Waters , 326 East D Street , Tacoma , Washington 98421 , United States
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences , University of Washington Tacoma , Tacoma , Washington 98421 , United States
| | - Katherine T Peter
- Center for Urban Waters , 326 East D Street , Tacoma , Washington 98421 , United States
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences , University of Washington Tacoma , Tacoma , Washington 98421 , United States
| | - Alex D Gipe
- Center for Urban Waters , 326 East D Street , Tacoma , Washington 98421 , United States
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences , University of Washington Tacoma , Tacoma , Washington 98421 , United States
| | - Haoqi Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Fan Hou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - David A Wark
- Center for Urban Waters , 326 East D Street , Tacoma , Washington 98421 , United States
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences , University of Washington Tacoma , Tacoma , Washington 98421 , United States
| | - Tarang Khangaonkar
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratories , 1100 Dexter Avenue N , Seattle , Washington 98011 , United States
| | - Edward P Kolodziej
- Center for Urban Waters , 326 East D Street , Tacoma , Washington 98421 , United States
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences , University of Washington Tacoma , Tacoma , Washington 98421 , United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - C Andrew James
- Center for Urban Waters , 326 East D Street , Tacoma , Washington 98421 , United States
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences , University of Washington Tacoma , Tacoma , Washington 98421 , United States
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26
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Weijie M, Chongnv W, Xuming P, Weixin J, Yuhang W, Benhui S. TiO 2 nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes monitoring and bioremediation potential using ciliates Pseudocohnilembus persalinus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109825. [PMID: 31677570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the release of nanomaterials pollutants to water bodies, to a great extent, attributed to anthropogenic activities. Their impacts on aquatic organisms as well as nanomaterial monitoring and bioremediation using organism have drawn much attentions. However, studies on relationship of nano-contaminants and aquatic organisms are very scarce. Our results showed that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) and Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) caused an obvious cell decreases on the whole, but a significant increase at 48 h TiO2-NPs exposure, indicating a resistant mechanism in ciliates for nano-toxic. Besides, MWCNTs was more toxic to Pseudocohnilembus persalinus than that of TiO2-NPs in terms of EC50 value. It is firstly found that P. persalinus ingested and released TiO2-NPs through cytostome and cytoproct, which might be the reason that TiO2-NPs less toxic than MWCNTs. The significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activities and expression levels were evaluated by reactive oxygen species ROS generation, which demonstrated that P. persalinus antioxidant defense enzyme played roles on nano-toxic resistant in ciliates. Moreover, the integrated biomarker response (IBR) was also determined, which demonstrated that MWCNTs had comparatively higher values than those of TiO2-NPs after higher concentration exposure to ciliates. In addition, it was confirmed by the present work that sod, gst and cat played different roles on immunity, and the sensitivity of cat gene expression to these two nanomaterials exposure was dissimilar. Damages of shrunk as well as losses of cilia on the cell surface caused by TiO2-NPs and MWCNTs exposure in P. persalinus using SEM revealed possible physical hazards of aggregated nanomaterials. Our findings will be helpful to understand the effect mechanisms of NPs on ciliates, and also demonstrated the possibility of P. persalinus as bio-indicator of nanomaterials in aquatic and potentials on bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Weijie
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
| | - Wang Chongnv
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Pan Xuming
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Jin Weixin
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Wang Yuhang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Shi Benhui
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
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27
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Daly AJ, Stock M, Baetens JM, De Baets B. Guiding Mineralization Co-Culture Discovery Using Bayesian Optimization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14459-14469. [PMID: 31682110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many disciplines rely on testing combinations of compounds, materials, proteins, or bacterial species to drive scientific discovery. It is time-consuming and expensive to determine experimentally, via trial-and-error or random selection approaches, which of the many possible combinations will lead to desirable outcomes. Hence, there is a pressing need for more rational and efficient experimental design approaches to reduce experimental effort. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of machine learning methods for the in silico selection of promising co-culture combinations in the application of bioaugmentation. We use the example of pollutant removal in drinking water treatment plants, which can be achieved using co-cultures of a specialized pollutant degrader with combinations of bacterial isolates. To reduce the experimental effort needed to discover high-performing combinations, we propose a data-driven experimental design. Based on a dataset of mineralization performance for all pairs of 13 bacterial species co-cultured with MSH1, we built a Gaussian process regression model to predict the Gompertz mineralization parameters of the co-cultures of two and three species, based on the single-strain parameters. We subsequently used this model in a Bayesian optimization scheme to suggest potentially high-performing combinations of bacteria. We achieved good performance with this approach, both for predicting mineralization parameters and for selecting effective co-cultures, despite the limited dataset. As a novel application of Bayesian optimization in bioremediation, this experimental design approach has promising applications for highlighting co-culture combinations for in vitro testing in various settings, to lessen the experimental burden and perform more targeted screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling J Daly
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Michiel Stock
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Jan M Baetens
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Bernard De Baets
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
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28
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Bai Y, Hu W, Jian Z, Qi W, Chang Y, Huo Y, Liao K, Qu J. Combining KMnO4 pre-oxidation and bioaugmented sand filtration to simultaneously treat cyanobacterial bloom lake water and released Mn(II). Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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29
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Hylling O, Nikbakht Fini M, Ellegaard-Jensen L, Muff J, Madsen HT, Aamand J, Hansen LH. A novel hybrid concept for implementation in drinking water treatment targets micropollutant removal by combining membrane filtration with biodegradation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133710. [PMID: 31756842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater extracted for drinking water production is commonly treated by aeration and sand filtration. However, this simple treatment is typically unable to remove pesticide residues. As a solution, bioaugmentation of sand filter units (i.e., the addition of specific degrader strains) has been proposed as an alternative "green" technology for targeted pesticide removal. However, the introduced degraders are challenged by (i) micropollutant levels of target residue, (ii) the oligotrophic environment and (iii) competition and predation by the native microorganisms, leading to loss of population and degradation potential. To overcome these challenges, we propose the introduction of a novel hybrid treatment step to the overall treatment process in which reverse osmosis filtration and biodegradation are combined to remove a target micropollutant. Here, the reverse osmosis produces a concentrated retentate that will act as a feed to a dedicated biofilter unit, intended to promote biodegradation potential and stability of an introduced degrader. Subsequently, the purified retentate will be re-mixed with the permeate from reverse osmosis, for re-mineralization and downstream consumption. In our study, we investigated the effect of reverse osmosis retentates on the degradation potential of an introduced degrader. This paper provides the first promising results of this hybrid concept using the 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM)-degrading bacteria Aminobacter sp. MSH1 in batch experiments, spiked with radiolabeled BAM. The results showed an increased degradation potential of MSH1 in retentate waters versus untreated water. Colony-forming units and qPCR showed a stable MSH1 population, despite higher concentrations of salts and metals, and increased growth of native bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Hylling
- Aarhus University, Dept. Environmental Science, Section for Environmental Microbiology & Biotechnology, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Mahdi Nikbakht Fini
- Aalborg University, Dept. of Chemistry and Bioscience/Section of Chemical Engineering, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Lea Ellegaard-Jensen
- Aarhus University, Dept. Environmental Science, Section for Environmental Microbiology & Biotechnology, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jens Muff
- Aalborg University, Dept. of Chemistry and Bioscience/Section of Chemical Engineering, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Tækker Madsen
- Aalborg University, Dept. of Chemistry and Bioscience/Section of Chemical Engineering, Esbjerg, Denmark; Saltkraft Aps, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Jens Aamand
- Geological Survey of Denmark & Greenland (GEUS), Dept. of Geochemistry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
- Aarhus University, Dept. Environmental Science, Section for Environmental Microbiology & Biotechnology, Roskilde, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Dept. of Plant- and Environmental Science, Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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30
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Raes B, Horemans B, Rentsch D, T'Syen J, Ghequire MGK, De Mot R, Wattiez R, Kohler HPE, Springael D. Aminobacter sp. MSH1 Mineralizes the Groundwater Micropollutant 2,6-Dichlorobenzamide through a Unique Chlorobenzoate Catabolic Pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:10146-10156. [PMID: 31386350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
2,6-Dichlorobenzamide (BAM) is a major groundwater micropollutant posing problems for drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) that depend on groundwater intake. Aminobacter sp. MSH1 uses BAM as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy and is considered a prime biocatalyst for groundwater bioremediation in DWTPs. Its use in bioremediation requires knowledge of its BAM-catabolic pathway, which is currently restricted to the amidase BbdA converting BAM into 2,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (2,6-DCBA) and the monooxygenase BbdD transforming 2,6-DCBA into 2,6-dichloro-3-hydroxybenzoic acid. Here, we show that the 2,6-DCBA catabolic pathway is unique and differs substantially from catabolism of other chlorobenzoates. BbdD catalyzes a second hydroxylation, forming 2,6-dichloro-3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Subsequently, glutathione-dependent dehalogenases (BbdI and BbdE) catalyze the thiolytic removal of the first chlorine. The remaining chlorine is then removed hydrolytically by a dehalogenase of the α/β hydrolase superfamily (BbdC). BbdC is the first enzyme in that superfamily associated with dehalogenation of chlorinated aromatics and appears to represent a new subtype within the α/β hydrolase dehalogenases. The activity of BbdC yields a unique trihydroxylated aromatic intermediate for ring cleavage that is performed by an extradiol dioxygenase (BbdF) producing 2,4,6-trioxoheptanedioic acid, which is likely converted to Krebs cycle intermediates by BbdG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Rentsch
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Dübendorf 8600 , Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Department of Proteomics and Microbiology , University of Mons , Mons 7000 , Belgium
| | - Hans-Peter E Kohler
- Department of Environmental Microbiology , Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Dübendorf 8600 , Switzerland
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31
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Nikbakht Fini M, Madsen HT, Muff J. The effect of water matrix, feed concentration and recovery on the rejection of pesticides using NF/RO membranes in water treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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O'Connor D, Hou D, Ok YS, Song Y, Sarmah AK, Li X, Tack FM. Sustainable in situ remediation of recalcitrant organic pollutants in groundwater with controlled release materials: A review. J Control Release 2018; 283:200-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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An X, Cheng Y, Huang M, Sun Y, Wang H, Chen X, Wang J, Li D, Li C. Treating organic cyanide-containing groundwater by immobilization of a nitrile-degrading bacterium with a biofilm-forming bacterium using fluidized bed reactors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:908-916. [PMID: 29551479 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic cyanide are widely used as an ingredient in the production of plastics, synthetic rubbers, polymers, pharmaceuticals and pesticides or used in laboratories and industries as solvents. Although nitrile-containing wastewater is subjected to primary and secondary treatments, residual nitriles may slowly seep and further migrate through groundwater, resulting in the micropollution of groundwater by organic pollutants. In this study, water samples were collected from different study areas in North China during a period of 3y (from 2013 to 2015) and analyzed to evaluate organic cyanide (CN-) contamination in groundwater. Three parallel lab-scale fluidized bed reactors (FBRs) were tested for their ability to remove organic cyanide from groundwater. The organic cyanide concentration in groundwater increased significantly (P < 0.05) from 2013 to 2015. With an optimal hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 54 min, reactor R3 (inoculated with a nitrile-degrading bacterium, BX2, and a biofilm-forming bacterium, M1) effectively removed 99.8% of CN- under steady operation, which was better than that of other reactors. Short-term shutdowns of FBRs had no serious effects on the efficiency of treating organic cyanide. This work demonstrated that the biofilm-forming bacterium could facilitate the fixation of nitrile-degrading bacterium and enhance the efficiency of removing organic cyanide from groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao An
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yi Cheng
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Mingyan Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yueling Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hailan Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Jinming Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Chunyan Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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Atashgahi S, Sánchez-Andrea I, Heipieper HJ, van der Meer JR, Stams AJM, Smidt H. Prospects for harnessing biocide resistance for bioremediation and detoxification. Science 2018; 360:743-746. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aar3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ouyang H, Tu X, Fu Z, Wang W, Fu S, Zhu C, Du D, Lin Y. Colorimetric and chemiluminescent dual-readout immunochromatographic assay for detection of pesticide residues utilizing g-C3N4/BiFeO3 nanocomposites. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 106:43-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Albers CN, Ellegaard-Jensen L, Hansen LH, Sørensen SR. Bioaugmentation of rapid sand filters by microbiome priming with a nitrifying consortium will optimize production of drinking water from groundwater. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 129:1-10. [PMID: 29127829 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium oxidation to nitrite and then to nitrate (nitrification) is a key process in many waterworks treating groundwater to make it potable. In rapid sand filters, nitrifying microbial communities may evolve naturally from groundwater bacteria entering the filters. However, in new filters this may take several months, and in some cases the nitrification process is never sufficiently rapid to be efficient or is only performed partially, with nitrite as an undesired end product. The present study reports the first successful priming of nitrification in a rapid sand filter treating groundwater. It is shown that nitrifying communities could be enriched by microbiomes from well-functioning rapid sand filters in waterworks and that the enriched nitrifying consortium could be used to inoculate fresh filters, significantly shortening the time taken for the nitrification process to start. The key nitrifiers in the enrichment were different from those in the well-functioning filter, but similar to those that initiated the nitrification process in fresh filters without inoculation. Whether or not the nitrification was primed with the enriched nitrifying consortium, the bacteria performing the nitrification process during start-up appeared to be slowly outcompeted by Nitrospira, the dominant nitrifying bacterium in well-functioning rapid sand filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Nyrop Albers
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Department of Geochemistry, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Lea Ellegaard-Jensen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sebastian R Sørensen
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Department of Geochemistry, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Kim S, Rossmassler K, Broeckling CD, Galloway S, Prenni J, De Long SK. Impact of inoculum sources on biotransformation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 125:227-236. [PMID: 28865372 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Limited knowledge of optimal microbial community composition for PPCP biotreatment, and of the microbial phylotypes that drive biotransformation within mixed microbial communities, has hindered the rational design and operation of effective and reliable biological PPCP treatment technologies. Herein, bacterial community composition was investigated as an isolated variable within batch biofilm reactors via comparison of PPCP removals for three distinct inocula. Inocula pre-acclimated to model PPCPs were derived from activated sludge (AS), ditch sediment historically-impacted by wastewater treatment plant effluent (Sd), and material from laboratory-scale soil aquifer treatment (SAT) columns. PPCP removals were found to be substantially higher for AS- and Sd-derived inocula compared to the SAT-derived inocula despite comparable biomass. Removal patterns differed among the 6 model compounds examined (diclofenac, 5-fluorouracil, gabapentin, gemfibrozil, ibuprofen, and triclosan) indicating differences in biotransformation mechanisms. Sphingomonas, Beijerinckia, Methylophilus, and unknown Cytophagaceae were linked with successful PPCP biodegradation via next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes over time. Results indicate the criticality of applying engineering approaches to control bacterial community compositions in biotreatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunah Kim
- Colorado State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, USA
| | - Karen Rossmassler
- Colorado State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, USA
| | | | - Sarah Galloway
- Colorado State University, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, USA
| | - Jessica Prenni
- Colorado State University, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, USA
| | - Susan K De Long
- Colorado State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, USA.
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Zhao X, Yang J, Zhang X, Wang L, Ma F. Evaluation of bioaugmentation using multiple life cycle assessment approaches: A case study of constructed wetland. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:407-415. [PMID: 28783568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioaugmentation is a promising technology to enhance the removal of specific pollutants; however, environmental impacts of implementing bioaugmentation have not been considered in most studies. Appropriate methodology is required for the evaluation from both in-depth and comprehensive perspectives, which leads to this study initiating the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) of bioaugmentation. Two LCA methods (CML and e-Balance) were applied to a bioaugmentation case with the aim of illustrating how to evaluate the environmental impacts of bioaugmentation from different perspectives based on the selection of different LCA methods. The results of the case study demonstrated that the LCA methods with different methodology emphasis produced different outcomes, which could lead to differentiated optimization strategies depending on the associated perspectives. Furthermore, three important aspects are discussed, including coverage of impact categories, the selection of characterization modeling for specific pollutants, and the requirement of including economic indicators for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Section of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628CN, The Netherlands.
| | - Jixian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xuedong Zhang
- Section of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628CN, The Netherlands
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Vandermaesen J, Lievens B, Springael D. Isolation and identification of culturable bacteria, capable of heterotrophic growth, from rapid sand filters of drinking water treatment plants. Res Microbiol 2017; 168:594-607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Groundwater contamination with 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) and perspectives for its microbial removal. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5235-5245. [PMID: 28616645 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The pesticide metabolite 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) is very persistent in both soil and groundwater and has become one of the most frequently detected groundwater micropollutants. BAM is not removed by the physico-chemical treatment techniques currently used in drinking water treatment plants (DWTP); therefore, if concentrations exceed the legal threshold limit, it represents a sizeable problem for the stability and quality of drinking water production, especially in places that depend on groundwater for drinking water. Bioremediation is suggested as a valuable strategy for removing BAM from groundwater by deploying dedicated BAM-degrading bacteria in DWTP sand filters. Only a few bacterial strains with the capability to degrade BAM have been isolated, and of these, only three isolates belonging to the Aminobacter genus are able to mineralise BAM. Considerable effort has been made to elucidate degradation pathways, kinetics and degrader genes, and research has recently been presented on the application of strain Aminobacter sp. MSH1 for the purification of BAM-contaminated water. The aim of the present review was to provide insight into the issue of BAM contamination and to report on the current status and knowledge with regard to the application of microorganisms for purification of BAM-contaminated water resources. This paper discusses the prospects and challenges for bioaugmentation of DWTP sand filters with specific BAM-degrading bacteria and identifies relevant perspectives for future research.
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Genetic (In)stability of 2,6-Dichlorobenzamide Catabolism in Aminobacter sp. Strain MSH1 Biofilms under Carbon Starvation Conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00137-17. [PMID: 28363960 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00137-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminobacter sp. strain MSH1 grows on and mineralizes the groundwater micropollutant 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) and is of interest for BAM removal in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). The BAM-catabolic genes in MSH1 are located on plasmid pBAM1, carrying bbdA, which encodes the conversion of BAM to 2,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (2,6-DCBA) (BbdA+ phenotype), and plasmid pBAM2, carrying gene clusters encoding the conversion of 2,6-DCBA to tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates (Dcba+ phenotype). There are indications that MSH1 easily loses its BAM-catabolic phenotype. We obtained evidence that MSH1 rapidly develops a population that lacks the ability to mineralize BAM when grown on nonselective (R2B medium) and semiselective (R2B medium with BAM) media. Lack of mineralization was explained by loss of the Dcba+ phenotype and corresponding genes. The ecological significance of this instability for the use of MSH1 for BAM removal in the oligotrophic environment of DWTPs was explored in lab and pilot systems. A higher incidence of BbdA+ Dcba- MSH1 cells was also observed when MSH1 was grown as a biofilm in flow chambers under C and N starvation conditions due to growth on nonselective residual assimilable organic carbon. Similar observations were made in experiments with a pilot sand filter reactor bioaugmented with MSH1. BAM conversion to 2,6-DCBA was not affected by loss of the DCBA-catabolic genes. Our results show that MSH1 is prone to BAM-catabolic instability under the conditions occurring in a DWTP. While conversion of BAM to 2,6-DCBA remains unaffected, BAM mineralization activity is at risk, and monitoring of metabolites is warranted.IMPORTANCE Bioaugmentation of dedicated biofiltration units with bacterial strains that grow on and mineralize micropollutants was suggested as an alternative for treating micropollutant-contaminated water in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Organic-pollutant-catabolic genes in bacteria are often easily lost, especially under nonselective conditions, which affects the bioaugmentation success. In this study, we provide evidence that Aminobacter sp. strain MSH1, which uses the common groundwater micropollutant 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) as a C source, shows a high frequency of loss of its BAM-mineralizing phenotype due to the loss of genes that convert 2,6-DCBA to Krebs cycle intermediates when nonselective conditions occur. Moreover, we show that catabolic-gene loss also occurs in the oligotrophic environment of DWTPs, where growth of MSH1 depends mainly on the high fluxes of low concentrations of assimilable organic carbon, and hence show the ecological relevance of catabolic instability for using strain MSH1 for BAM removal in DWTPs.
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Horemans B, Raes B, Vandermaesen J, Simanjuntak Y, Brocatus H, T'Syen J, Degryse J, Boonen J, Wittebol J, Lapanje A, Sørensen SR, Springael D. Biocarriers Improve Bioaugmentation Efficiency of a Rapid Sand Filter for the Treatment of 2,6-Dichlorobenzamide-Contaminated Drinking Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:1616-1625. [PMID: 28027645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aminobacter sp. MSH1 immobilized in an alginate matrix in porous stones was tested in a pilot system as an alternative inoculation strategy to the use of free suspended cells for biological removal of micropollutant concentrations of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). BAM removal rates and MSH1 cell numbers were recorded during operation and assessed with specific BAM degradation rates obtained in lab conditions using either freshly grown cells or starved cells to explain reactor performance. Both reactors inoculated with either suspended or immobilized cells showed immediate BAM removal under the threshold of 0.1 μg/L, but the duration of sufficient BAM removal was 2-fold (44 days) longer for immobilized cells. The longer sufficient BAM removal in case of immobilized cells compared to suspended cells was mainly explained by a lower initial loss of MSH1 cells at operational start due to volume replacement and shear. Overall loss of activity in the reactors though was due to starvation, and final removal rates did not differ between reactors inoculated with immobilized and suspended cells. Management of assimilable organic carbon, in addition to cell immobilization, appears crucial for guaranteeing long-term BAM degradation activity of MSH1 in DWTP units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Horemans
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bart Raes
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johanna Vandermaesen
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Yanti Simanjuntak
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Brocatus
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jeroen T'Syen
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Julie Degryse
- De Watergroep , Vooruitgangstraat 189, 1030 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jos Boonen
- De Watergroep , Vooruitgangstraat 189, 1030 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Ales Lapanje
- Josef Stefan Institute , Jamova 49, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- National Research Saratov State University , Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russian Federation
| | - Sebastian R Sørensen
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland , Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Dirk Springael
- Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Bai Y, Chang Y, Liang J, Chen C, Qu J. Treatment of groundwater containing Mn(II), Fe(II), As(III) and Sb(III) by bioaugmented quartz-sand filters. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 106:126-134. [PMID: 27705818 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of iron (Fe(II)) and manganese (Mn(II)) often occur simultaneously in groundwater. Previously, we demonstrated that Fe(II) and Mn(II) could be oxidized to biogenic Fe-Mn oxides (BFMO) via aeration and microbial oxidation, and the formed BFMO could further oxidize and adsorb other pollutants (e.g., arsenic (As(III)) and antimony (Sb(III))). To apply this finding to groundwater remediation, we established four quartz-sand columns for treating groundwater containing Fe(II), Mn(II), As(III), and Sb(III). A Mn-oxidizing bacterium (Pseudomonas sp. QJX-1) was inoculated into two parallel bioaugmented columns. Long-term treatment (120 d) showed that bioaugmentation accelerated the formation of Fe-Mn oxides, resulting in an increase in As and Sb removal. The bioaugmented columns also exhibited higher overall treatment effect and anti-shock load capacity than that of the non-bioaugmented columns. To clarify the causal relationship between the microbial community and treatment effect, we compared the biomass of active bacteria (reverse-transcribed real-time PCR), bacterial community composition (Miseq 16S rRNA sequencing) and community function (metagenomic sequencing) between the bioaugmented and non-bioaugmented columns. Results indicated that the QJX1 strain grew steadily and attached onto the filter material surface in the bioaugmented columns. In general, the inoculated strain did not significantly alter the composition of the indigenous bacterial community, but did improve the relative abundances of xenobiotic metabolism genes and Mn oxidation gene. Thus, bioaugmentation intensified microbial degradation/utilization for the direct removal of pollutants and increased the formation of Fe-Mn oxides for the indirect removal of pollutants. Our study provides an alternative method for the treatment of groundwater containing high Fe(II), Mn(II) and As/Sb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yangyang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinsong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Samuelsen ED, Badawi N, Nybroe O, Sørensen SR, Aamand J. Adhesion to sand and ability to mineralise low pesticide concentrations are required for efficient bioaugmentation of flow-through sand filters. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:411-421. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Vandermaesen J, Horemans B, Degryse J, Boonen J, Walravens E, Springael D. Mineralization of the Common Groundwater Pollutant 2,6-Dichlorobenzamide (BAM) and its Metabolite 2,6-Dichlorobenzoic Acid (2,6-DCBA) in Sand Filter Units of Drinking Water Treatment Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:10114-22. [PMID: 27533590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic capacity to mineralize the groundwater pollutant 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) and its metabolite 2,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (2,6-DCBA) was evaluated in samples from sand filters (SFs) of drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Whereas BAM mineralization occurred rarely and only in SFs exposed to BAM, 2,6-DCBA mineralization was common in SFs, including those treating uncontaminated water. Nevertheless, SFs treating BAM contaminated water showed the highest 2,6-DCBA mineralization rates. For comparison, 2,6-DCBA and BAM mineralization were determined in various topsoil samples. As in SF samples, BAM mineralization was rare, whereas 2,6-DCBA mineralization capacity appeared widespread, with high mineralization rates found especially in forest soils. Multivariate analysis showed that in both SF and soil samples, high 2,6-DCBA mineralization correlated with high organic carbon content. Adding a 2,6-DCBA degradation deficient mutant of the BAM mineralizing Aminobacter sp. MSH1 confirmed that 2,6-DCBA produced from BAM is rapidly mineralized by the endogenous microbial community in SFs showing intrinsic 2,6-DCBA mineralization. This study demonstrates that (i) 2,6-DCBA mineralization is widely established in SFs of DWTPs, allowing the mineralization of 2,6-DCBA produced during BAM degradation and (ii) the first metabolic step in BAM mineralization is rare in microbial communities, rather than its further degradation beyond 2,6-DCBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Vandermaesen
- KU Leuven, Division of Soil and Water Management, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Horemans
- KU Leuven, Division of Soil and Water Management, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Julie Degryse
- Centraal laboratorium, De Watergroep, Researchpark Haasrode Leuven 1834 - Technologielaan 23, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jos Boonen
- Centraal laboratorium, De Watergroep, Researchpark Haasrode Leuven 1834 - Technologielaan 23, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Eddy Walravens
- Centraal laboratorium, De Watergroep, Researchpark Haasrode Leuven 1834 - Technologielaan 23, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Dirk Springael
- KU Leuven, Division of Soil and Water Management, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Sekhar A, Horemans B, Aamand J, Sørensen SR, Vanhaecke L, Bussche JV, Hofkens J, Springael D. Surface Colonization and Activity of the 2,6-Dichlorobenzamide (BAM) Degrading Aminobacter sp. Strain MSH1 at Macro- and Micropollutant BAM Concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:10123-33. [PMID: 27537851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Aminobacter sp. MSH1 uses the groundwater micropollutant 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) as a C and N source and is a potential catalyst for biotreatment of BAM-contaminated groundwater in filtration units of drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). The oligotrophic environment of DWTPs including trace pollutant concentrations, and the high flow rates impose challenges for micropollutant biodegradation in DWTPs. To understand how trace BAM concentrations affect MSH1 surface colonization and BAM degrading activity, MSH1 was cultivated in flow channels fed continuously with BAM macro- and microconcentrations in a N- and C-limiting medium. At all BAM concentrations, MSH1 colonized the flow channel. BAM degradation efficiencies were concentration-dependent, ranging between 70 and 95%. Similarly, BAM concentration affected surface colonization, but at 100 μg/L BAM and lower, colonization was similar to that in systems without BAM, suggesting that assimilable organic carbon and nitrogen other than those supplied by BAM sustained colonization at BAM microconcentrations. Comparison of specific BAM degradation rates in flow channels and in cultures of suspended freshly grown cells indicated that starvation conditions in flow channels receiving BAM microconcentrations resulted into MSH1 biomasses with 10-100-times reduced BAM degrading activity and provided a kinetic model for predicting BAM degradation under continuous C and N starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswini Sekhar
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Horemans
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jens Aamand
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Greenland and Denmark (GEUS) , DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian R Sørensen
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Greenland and Denmark (GEUS) , DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, UGent , BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Vanden Bussche
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, UGent , BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200 F, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Springael
- Division of Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Application of biodegradation in mitigating and remediating pesticide contamination of freshwater resources: state of the art and challenges for optimization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7361-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Protozoa graze on the 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM)-degrading bacterium Aminobacter sp. MSH1 introduced into waterworks sand filters. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:8965-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Feld L, Nielsen TK, Hansen LH, Aamand J, Albers CN. Establishment of Bacterial Herbicide Degraders in a Rapid Sand Filter for Bioremediation of Phenoxypropionate-Polluted Groundwater. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:878-887. [PMID: 26590282 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02600-15.editor] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the establishment of natural bacterial degraders in a sand filter treating groundwater contaminated with the phenoxypropionate herbicides (RS)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid (MCPP) and (RS)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid (DCPP) and the associated impurity/catabolite 4-chlorophenoxypropanoic acid (4-CPP). A pilot facility was set up in a contaminated landfill site. Anaerobic groundwater was pumped up and passed through an aeration basin and subsequently through a rapid sand filter, which is characterized by a short residence time of the water in the filter. For 3 months, the degradation of DCPP, MCPP, and 4-CPP in the sand filter increased to 15 to 30% of the inlet concentration. A significant selection for natural bacterial herbicide degraders also occurred in the sand filter. Using a most-probable-number (MPN) method, we found a steady increase in the number of culturable phenoxypropionate degraders, reaching approximately 5 × 10(5) degraders per g sand by the end of the study. Using a quantitative PCR targeting the two phenoxypropionate degradation genes, rdpA and sdpA, encoding stereospecific dioxygenases, a parallel increase was observed, but with the gene copy numbers being about 2 to 3 log units higher than the MPN. In general, the sdpA gene was more abundant than the rdpA gene, and the establishment of a significant population of bacteria harboring sdpA occurred faster than the establishment of an rdpA gene-carrying population. The identities of the specific herbicide degraders in the sand filter were assessed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA genes from sand filter samples and from selected MPN plate wells. We propose a list of potential degrader bacteria involved in herbicide degradation, including representatives belonging to the Comamonadaceae and Sphingomonadales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Feld
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark & Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jens Aamand
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark & Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Nyrop Albers
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark & Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Effect of Transient Nicotine Load Shock on the Performance ofPseudomonassp. HF-1 Bioaugmented Sequencing Batch Reactors. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/4982395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioaugmentation with degrading bacteria can improve the treatment of nicotine-containing tobacco industrial wastewater effectively. However, the transient and extremely high feeding of pollutants may compromise the effectiveness of the bioaugmented reactors. The effect of transient nicotine shock loads on the performance ofPseudomonassp. HF-1 bioaugmented SBRs were studied. The results showed that, under 500–2500 mg/L of transient nicotine shocks, all the reactors still could realize 100% of nicotine degradation in 4 days of recovery, while the key nicotine degradation enzyme HSP hydroxylase increased in expression. Though the dramatic increase of activities of ROS, MDA, SOD, and CAT suggested that transient nicotine shock loads could induce oxidative stress on microorganisms in activated sludge, a decrease to control level demonstrated that most of the microorganisms could resist 500–1500 mg/L of transient nicotine shock under the protection from strain HF-1. After 8 cycles of recovery, high ROS level and low TOC removal in high transient shock reactors implied that 2000–2500 mg/L of transient nicotine shock was out of its recovery of strain HF-1 bioaugmented system. This study enriched our understanding on highly efficient nicotine-degrading strain bioaugmented system, which would be beneficial to tobacco waste or wastewater treatment in engineering.
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