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Erdélyi N, Gere D, Engloner A, Vargha M. Temperature-driven and discharge-driven variability of organic micropollutants in a large urban river and its implications for risk-based monitoring. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142803. [PMID: 38986789 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Urban rivers are exposed to an increasing load of organic micropollutants from wastewater effluent posing an ecological as well as public health hazard. One-off surveys can capture a snapshot of the pollution profile but fail to reveal the full scale of spatial and temporal heterogeneity. In the present study, 41 micropollutants (non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), antihypertensives, antiepileptic, antidiabetic, antibiotics, iodinated contrast media (ICM), corrosion inhibitors, pesticides) were monitored every two weeks for one-year upstream and downstream of the Budapest metropolitan area in Danube River (336 samples total). ICMs, benzotriazoles and metamizole degradation products were detected in highest concentration regularly exceeding 100 ng/L. Median concentration of other pharmaceuticals ranged from <1 to 26 ng/L, while pesticides were typically below 10 ng/L. Variability of micropollutant concentration was primarily temporal, exhibiting two different patterns: (1) inverse correlation to river discharge, observed for corrosion inhibitors and carbamazepine (r = -0.505 to -0.665) or (2) inverse correlation to water temperature, observed primarily for ICMs, antihypertensives and antibiotics, r = -0.654 to -0.904). Temperature dependence was also significant after correcting for river discharge. Relative increase of pharmaceuticals was 2-134% after the metropolitan area, partially explained by emission estimates calculated from retail data and metabolization rates. The concentration of five ICMs (iopamidol in 100, iodixanol in 96, diatrizoate in 22, iomeprol in 21 and iohexol 13% of the samples) and two NSAIDs (ibuprofen and diclofenac (in 31.5 and 23% of the samples) exceeded the predicted no environmental effect concentration, posing a risk to algae (HQ = 1.2-6) and fish (HQ = 1.4-1.9), respectively. Results suggest that risk-based monitoring and risk management efforts should focus on ICMs, NSAIDs and industrial chemicals, taking into account that sampling in cold periods and during low flow provides the worst-case estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Erdélyi
- Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Street 2., H-1117, Budapest, Hungary; National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, Albert Flórián Street 2-6., H-1097, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Dóra Gere
- National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, Albert Flórián Street 2-6., H-1097, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Attila Engloner
- Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29, Budapest, H-1113, Hungary.
| | - Márta Vargha
- National Center for Public Health and Pharmacy, Albert Flórián Street 2-6., H-1097, Budapest, Hungary.
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Wei Y, Zhang L, Liang B, Cui H, Shi K, Liu Z, Zhou A, Yue X. Synergistic Control of Trimethoprim and the Antimicrobial Resistome in Electrogenic Microbial Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2847-2858. [PMID: 38299532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Synergistic control of the risks posed by emerging antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is crucial for ensuring ecological safety. Although electrogenic respiration can enhance the biodegradation of several antimicrobials and reduce ARGs accumulation, the association mechanisms of antimicrobial biodegradation (trimethoprim, TMP) with the fate of the antimicrobial resistome remain unclear. Here, the biotransformation pathway of TMP, microbial associations, and functional gene profiles (e.g., degradation, antimicrobial resistance, and electron transfer) were analyzed. The results showed that the microbial electrogenic respiration significantly enhanced the biodegradation of TMP, especially with a cosubstrate sodium acetate supply. Electroactive bacteria enriched in the electrode biofilm positively correlated with potential TMP degraders dominated in the planktonic communities. These cross-niche microbial associations may contribute to the accelerated catabolism of TMP and extracellular electron transfer. Importantly, the evolution and dissemination of overall ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were significantly weakened due to the enhanced cometabolic biodegradation of TMP. This study provides a promising strategy for the synergistic control of the water ecological risks of antimicrobials and their resistome, while also highlighting new insights into the association of antimicrobial biodegradation with the evolution of the resistome in an electrically integrated biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoli Wei
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hanlin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ke Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Aijuan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiuping Yue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Shanxi Engineer Research Institute of Sludge Disposition and Resources, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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Xiao Y, Bao F, Xu X, Yu K, Wu B, Gao Y, Zhang J. The influence of precipitation timing and amount on soil microbial community in a temperate desert ecosystem. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1249036. [PMID: 37744930 PMCID: PMC10512721 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1249036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Global climate change may lead to changes in precipitation patterns. This may have a significant impact on the microbial communities present in the soil. However, the way these communities respond to seasonal variations in precipitation, particularly in the context of increased precipitation amounts, is not yet well understood. Methods To explore this issue, a five-year (2012-2016) field study was conducted at the northeast boundary of the Ulan Buh Desert, examining the effects of increased precipitation during different periods of the growing season on both bacterial and fungal communities. The study included five precipitation pattern treatments: a control group (C), as well as groups receiving 50 and 100% of the local mean annual precipitation amount (145 mm) during either the early growing season (E50 and E100) or the late growing season (L50 and L100). The taxonomic composition of the soil bacterial and fungal communities was analyzed using Illumina sequencing. Results After 5 years, the bacterial community composition had significantly changed in all treatment groups, with soil bacteria proving to be more sensitive to changes in precipitation timing than to increased precipitation amounts within the desert ecosystem. Specifically, the alpha diversity of bacterial communities in the late growing season plots (L50 and L100) decreased significantly, while no significant changes were observed in the early growing season plots (E50 and E100). In contrast, fungal community composition remained relatively stable in response to changes in precipitation patterns. Predictions of bacterial community function suggested that the potential functional taxa in the bacterial community associated with the cycling of carbon and nitrogen were significantly altered in the late growing season (L50 and L100). Discussion These findings emphasize the importance of precipitation timing in regulating microbial communities and ecosystem functions in arid regions experiencing increased precipitation amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Bao
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotian Xu
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Yu
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Junzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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Stando K, Czyż A, Gajda M, Felis E, Bajkacz S. Study of the Phytoextraction and Phytodegradation of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim from Water by Limnobium laevigatum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16994. [PMID: 36554877 PMCID: PMC9779370 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly and economical method for removing organic contaminants from water. The purpose of the present study was to use Limnobium laevigatum for the phytoremediation of water from sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TRI) residues. The experiment was conducted for 14 days, in which the loss of the pharmaceuticals in water and their concentration in plant tissues was monitored. Determination of SMX and TRI was conducted using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The results revealed that various factors affected the removal of the contaminants from water, and their bioaccumulation coefficients were obtained. Additionally, the transformation products of SMX and TRI were identified. The observed decrease in SMX and TRI content after 14 days was 96.0% and 75.4% in water, respectively. SMX removal mainly involved photolysis and hydrolysis processes, whereas TRI was mostly absorbed by the plant. Bioaccumulation coefficients of the freeze-dried plant were in the range of 0.043-0.147 for SMX and 2.369-2.588 for TRI. Nine and six transformation products related to SMX and TRI, respectively, were identified in water and plant tissues. The detected transformation products stemmed from metabolic transformations and photolysis of the parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Stando
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czyż
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gajda
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewa Felis
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bajkacz
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Vega MAP, Scholes RC, Brady AR, Daly RA, Narrowe AB, Bosworth LB, Wrighton KC, Sedlak DL, Sharp JO. Pharmaceutical Biotransformation is Influenced by Photosynthesis and Microbial Nitrogen Cycling in a Benthic Wetland Biomat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14462-14477. [PMID: 36197061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In shallow, open-water engineered wetlands, design parameters select for a photosynthetic microbial biomat capable of robust pharmaceutical biotransformation, yet the contributions of specific microbial processes remain unclear. Here, we combined genome-resolved metatranscriptomics and oxygen profiling of a field-scale biomat to inform laboratory inhibition microcosms amended with a suite of pharmaceuticals. Our analyses revealed a dynamic surficial layer harboring oxic-anoxic cycling and simultaneous photosynthetic, nitrifying, and denitrifying microbial transcription spanning nine bacterial phyla, with unbinned eukaryotic scaffolds suggesting a dominance of diatoms. In the laboratory, photosynthesis, nitrification, and denitrification were broadly decoupled by incubating oxic and anoxic microcosms in the presence and absence of light and nitrogen cycling enzyme inhibitors. Through combining microcosm inhibition data with field-scale metagenomics, we inferred microbial clades responsible for biotransformation associated with membrane-bound nitrate reductase activity (emtricitabine, trimethoprim, and atenolol), nitrous oxide reduction (trimethoprim), ammonium oxidation (trimethoprim and emtricitabine), and photosynthesis (metoprolol). Monitoring of transformation products of atenolol and emtricitabine confirmed that inhibition was specific to biotransformation and highlighted the value of oscillating redox environments for the further transformation of atenolol acid. Our findings shed light on microbial processes contributing to pharmaceutical biotransformation in open-water wetlands with implications for similar nature-based treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A P Vega
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), https://www.renuwit.org
| | - Rachel C Scholes
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), https://www.renuwit.org
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adam R Brady
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), https://www.renuwit.org
| | - Rebecca A Daly
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Adrienne B Narrowe
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Lily B Bosworth
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), https://www.renuwit.org
- Hydrologic Science and Engineering Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kelly C Wrighton
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - David L Sedlak
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), https://www.renuwit.org
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jonathan O Sharp
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), https://www.renuwit.org
- Hydrologic Science and Engineering Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Burzio C, Ekholm J, Modin O, Falås P, Svahn O, Persson F, van Erp T, Gustavsson DJI, Wilén BM. Removal of organic micropollutants from municipal wastewater by aerobic granular sludge and conventional activated sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129528. [PMID: 35999740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Removal performances of organic micropollutants by conventional activated sludge (CAS) and aerobic granular sludge (AGS) were investigated at a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. Lab-scale kinetic experiments were performed to assess the micropollutant transformation rates under oxic and anoxic conditions. Transformation rates were used to model the micropollutant removal in the full-scale processes. Metagenomic sequencing was used to compare the microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance genes of the CAS and AGS systems. Higher transformation ability was observed for CAS compared to AGS for most compounds, both at the full-scale plant and in the complementary batch experiments. Oxic conditions supported the transformation of several micropollutants with faster and/or comparable rates compared to anoxic conditions. The estimated transformation rates from batch experiments adequately predicted the removal for most micropollutants in the full-scale processes. While the compositions in microbial communities differed between AGS and CAS, the full-scale biological reactors shared similar resistome profiles. Even though granular biomass showed lower potential for micropollutant transformation, AGS systems had somewhat higher gene cluster diversity compared to CAS, which could be related to a higher functional diversity. Micropollutant exposure to biomass or mass transfer limitations, therefore played more important roles in the observed differences in OMP removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Burzio
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden.
| | - Jennifer Ekholm
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Per Falås
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Ola Svahn
- Department of Environmental Science and Bioscience, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad 29139, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Tim van Erp
- Strömstad Municipality, Wastewater Treatment Plant Österröd, Strömstad 45233, Sweden
| | | | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
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Tadić Đ, Gramblicka M, Mistrik R, Bayona JM. Systematic identification of trimethoprim metabolites in lettuce. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3121-3135. [PMID: 35141763 PMCID: PMC8934764 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are some of the most widely used drugs. Their release in the environment is of great concern since their consumption is a major factor for antibiotic resistance, one of the most important threats to human health. Their occurrence and fate in agricultural systems have been extensively investigated in recent years. Yet whilst their biotic and abiotic degradation pathways have been thoroughly researched, their biotransformation pathways in plants are less understood, such as in case of trimethoprim. Although trimethoprim has been reported in the environment, its fate in higher plants still remains unknown. A bench-scale experiment was performed and 30 trimethoprim metabolites were identified in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), of which 5 belong to phase I and 25 to phase II. Data mining yielded a list of 1018 ions as possible metabolite candidates, which was filtered to a final list of 87 candidates. Molecular structures were assigned for 19 compounds, including 14 TMP metabolites reported for the first time. Alongside well-known biotransformation pathways in plants, additional novel pathways were suggested, namely, conjugation with sesquiterpene lactones, and abscisic acid as a part of phase II of plant metabolism. The results obtained offer insight into the variety of phase II conjugates and may serve as a guideline for studying the metabolization of other chemicals that share a similar molecular structure or functional groups with trimethoprim. Finally, the toxicity and potential contribution of the identified metabolites to the selective pressure on antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities via residual antimicrobial activity were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Đorđe Tadić
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michal Gramblicka
- HighChem Ltd., Leškova 11, 811 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Josep Maria Bayona
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Kiki C, Rashid A, Zhang Y, Li X, Chen TY, Eloise Adéoye AB, Peter PO, Sun Q. Microalgal mediated antibiotic co-metabolism: Kinetics, transformation products and pathways. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133438. [PMID: 34968512 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mutual interaction of a microalga Chlorella vulgaris with four antibiotics viz. sulfamethoxazole (SMX), trimethoprim (TMP), azithromycin (AZI), and levofloxacin (LEV) individually and in mixture was studied in batch culture. SMX, TMP, and LEV stimulated algal growth, while AZI inhibited its growth. The Combination Index (CI)-isobologram indicated antagonism of the antibiotic mixture on the growth of C. vulgaris. Higher removal efficiency was observed in the mixed antibiotic than in the single antibiotic batch cultures. Biodegradation was the main antibiotic removal mechanism with a similar antibiotic biosorption pattern in single and mix antibiotic cultures. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry showed minor biochemical alterations on algal cells surface and a stable algal population. Monod kinetics model was successfully applied to understand the growth with respect to the removal efficiency of C. vulgaris in single and mix antibiotic batch cultures. Results indicated relatively higher specific growth rate in the mix antibiotic batch culture with removal efficiency in the order of SMX > LEV > TMP > AZI. In total, 46 metabolites with 18 novel ones of the four antibiotics were identified by using high-resolution mass spectrometry based on the suspect screening approach to propose the potential transformation pathways. Most of the transformation products demonstrated lower toxicity than their respective parents. These findings implied that C. vulgaris could be an outstanding candidate for advanced treatment of antibiotic removal in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Kiki
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100043, China; National Institute of Water, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP: 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Azhar Rashid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Xi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Tian-Yuan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Adénike Bernice Eloise Adéoye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Philomina Onyedikachi Peter
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Qian Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Jodeh S, Jaber A, Hanbali G, Massad Y, Safi ZS, Radi S, Mehmeti V, Berisha A, Tighadouini S, Dagdag O. Experimental and theoretical study for removal of trimethoprim from wastewater using organically modified silica with pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde bridged to copper ions. BMC Chem 2022; 16:17. [PMID: 35313931 PMCID: PMC8939189 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human and veterinary antibiotics are typically discharged as parent chemicals in urine or feces and are known to be released into the environment via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Several research investigations have recently been conducted on the removal and bioremediation of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) disposed of in wastewater. RESULTS SiNP-Cu, a chelating matrix, was produced by delaying and slowing 1.5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde on silica gel from functionalized with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The prepared sorbent material was characterized using several techniques including BET surface area, FT-IR spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm. The pseudo-second-order model provided the best correlation due to the big match between the experimental and theoretical of different adsorption coefficients. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used and the study showed a better match with the Freundlich model with a capacity of removal reached up to 420 mg g-1. The removal capacity was dependent on pH and increased by increasing pH. The removal percentage reached 91;5% at pH = 8. The adsorbent demonstrated a high percentage removal of TMP, reaching more than 94% when increased pH. The sample was simply regenerated by soaking it for a few minutes in 1 N HCl and drying it. The sorbent was repeated five times with no discernible decrease in removal capacity. The thermodynamic study also showed endothermic, increasing randomness and not spontaneous. The free energy was 2.71 kJ/mol at 320 K. The findings of the DFT B3LYP/6-31 + g (d, p) local reactivity descriptors revealed that nitrogen atoms and π-electrons of the benzene and pyrimidine rings in the TMP are responsible for the adsorption process with the SiNP surface. The negative values of the adsorption energies obtained by molecular dynamic simulation indicated the spontaneity of the adsorption process. CONCLUSION The global reactivity indices prove that TMP is stable and it can be removed from wastewater using SiNP surface. The results of the local reactivity indices concluded that the active centers for the adsorption process are the nitrogen atoms and the π-electrons of the pyrimidine and benzene rings. Furthermore, the positive value of the maximum charge transfer number (ΔN) proves that TMP has a great tendency to donate electrons to SiNP surface during the process of adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehdeh Jodeh
- Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Ahlam Jaber
- Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ghadir Hanbali
- Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Younes Massad
- Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Zaki S Safi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University-Gaza, P.O Box 1277, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Smaail Radi
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculté Des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier, 60 000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Valbonë Mehmeti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Mathematics Science, University of Prishtina, 10000, Prishtina,, Kosovo
| | - Avni Berisha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Mathematics Science, University of Prishtina, 10000, Prishtina,, Kosovo
| | - Said Tighadouini
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Extraction and Valorization, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, EL Jadida Road, Km 2, BP: 5366, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Omar Dagdag
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa
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10
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Teo YS, Jafari I, Liang F, Jung Y, Van der Hoek JP, Ong SL, Hu J. Investigation of the efficacy of the UV/Chlorine process for the removal of trimethoprim: Effects of operational parameters and artificial neural networks modelling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152551. [PMID: 34952077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The UV/Cl2 process (also known as chlorine photolysis, which is the combination of chlorine and simultaneous irradiation of UV light) is conventionally applied at acidic mediums for drinking water treatment and further treatment of wastewater effluents for secondary reuse. This is because the quantum yield of HO• from HOCl (ϕHO•, 254 = 1.4) is greater than the one from OCl- (ϕHO•, 254 = 0.278) by approximately 5 times. Moreover, chlorine photolysis in acidic mediums also tends to have lower radical quenching rates than that of their alkaline counterparts by up to 1000 times. The aim of this research is to investigate the applicability of the UV/Cl2 process by assessing its efficacy on the removal of trimethoprim (TMP) at not only acidic to neutral conditions (pH 6-7), but also alkaline mediums (pH 8-9). At alkaline pH, free chlorine exists as OCl- and since OCl- has a higher molar absorption coefficient as compared to HOCl at higher wavelengths, there would be higher reactive chlorine species (RCS) formation and contribution. TMP removal followed pseudo-first order kinetics and depicted that a maximum fluence based constant (kf' = 0.275 cm2/mJ) was obtained using 42.25 μM (3 mg/L) of chlorine at pH 9, with an irradiation of 275 nm. At alkaline conditions, chlorine photolysis performance followed the trend of UV (275)/Cl2 > UV (265)/Cl2 > UV (310)/Cl2 > UV (254)/Cl2. RCS like Cl•, Cl2-• and ClO• contributed to the degradation of TMP. When the pH was increased from 6 to 8, contribution from hydroxyl radicals (HO• ) was decreased whilst that of RCS was increased. Application of UV (310)/Cl2 had the highest HO• generation, contributing to TMP removals up to 13% to 48% as compared to 5% to 27% in UV (254, 265, 275)/Cl2 systems at pH 6-9. Artificial neural networks modelling was found to be able to verify and predict the contribution of HO• and RCS conventionally calculated via the general kinetic equations in the UV/Cl2 system at 254, 265, 275 and 310 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen Teo
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Iman Jafari
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Fei Liang
- Department of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Youmi Jung
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Jan Peter Van der Hoek
- Department of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Say Leong Ong
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Jiangyong Hu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
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11
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Insights into removal of antibiotics by selected microalgae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella sorokiniana, Dunaliella tertiolecta and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata). ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Mosekiemang TT, Stander MA, de Villiers A. Ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to travelling wave ion mobility-time of flight mass spectrometry for the screening of pharmaceutical metabolites in wastewater samples: Application to antiretrovirals. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1660:462650. [PMID: 34788673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical compounds in the aquatic environment is a significant environmental health concern, which is exacerbated by recent evidence of the contribution of drug metabolites to the overall pharmaceutical load. In light of a recent report of the occurrence of metabolites of antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) in wastewater, we investigate in the present work the occurrence of further ARVD metabolites in samples obtained from a domestic wastewater treatment plant in the Western Cape, South Africa. Pharmacokinetic data indicate that ARVDs are biotransformed into several positional isomeric metabolites, only two of which have been reported wastewater samples. Given the challenges associated with the separation and identification of isomeric species in complex wastewater samples, a method based on liquid chromatography hyphenated to ion mobility spectrometry-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-IMS-HR-MS) was implemented. Gradient LC separation was achieved on a sub-2 µm reversed phase column, while the quadrupole-time-of-flight MS was operated in data independent acquisition (DIA) mode to increase spectral coverage of detected features. A mass defect filter (MDF) template was implemented to detect ARVD metabolites with known phase I and phase II mass shifts and fractional mass differences and to filter out potential interferents. IMS proved particularly useful in filtering the MS data for co-eluting species according to arrival time to provide cleaner mass spectra. This approach allowed us to confirm the presence of two known hydroxylated efavirenz and nevirapine metabolites using authentic standards, and to tentatively identify a carboxylate metabolite of abacavir previously reported in literature. Furthermore, three hydroxylated-, two sulphated and one glucuronidated metabolite of efavirenz, two hydroxylated metabolites of nevirapine and one hydroxylated metabolite of ritonavir were tentatively or putatively identified in wastewater samples for the first time. Assignment of the metabolites is discussed in terms of high resolution fragmentation data, while collisional cross section (CCS) values measured for the detected analytes are reported to facilitate further work in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tlou T Mosekiemang
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Maria A Stander
- Central Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - André de Villiers
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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13
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Ren L, Chen M, Zheng J, Li Z, Tian C, Wang Q, Wang Z. Efficacy of a novel electrochemical membrane-aerated biofilm reactor for removal of antibiotics from micro-polluted surface water and suppression of antibiotic resistance genes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 338:125527. [PMID: 34274586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (EMABR) was developed for removing sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) from contaminated water. The exertion of electric field greatly enhanced the degradation of SMX and TMP in the EMABR (~60%) compared to membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR, < 10%), due to the synergistic effects of the electro-oxidation (the generation of reactive oxygen species) and biological degradation. Microbial community analyses demonstrated that the EMABR enriched the genus of Xanthobacter, which was potentially capable of degrading aromatic intermediates. Moreover, the EMABR had a lower relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (0.23) compared to the MABR (0.56), suggesting the suppression of ARGs in the EMABR. Further, the SMX and TMP degradation pathways were proposed based on the detection of key intermediate products. This study demonstrated the potential of EMABR as an effective technology for removing antibiotics from micro-polluted surface water and suppressing the development of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lehui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Advanced Membrane Technology Center of Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Advanced Membrane Technology Center of Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Junjian Zheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Zhouyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Advanced Membrane Technology Center of Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Chenxin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Advanced Membrane Technology Center of Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Advanced Membrane Technology Center of Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Advanced Membrane Technology Center of Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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14
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Chalifour A, Walser JC, Pomati F, Fenner K. Temperature, phytoplankton density and bacteria diversity drive the biotransformation of micropollutants in a lake ecosystem. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117412. [PMID: 34303164 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For most micropollutants (MPs) present in surface waters, such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals, the contribution of biotransformation to their overall removal from lake ecosystems is largely unknown. This study aims at empirically determining the biotransformation rate constants for 35 MPs at different periods of the year and depths of a meso-eutrophic lake. We then tested statistically the association of environmental parameters and microbial community composition with the biotransformation rate constants obtained. Biotransformation was observed for 14 out of 35 studied MPs for at least one sampling time. Large variations in biotransformation rate constants were observed over the seasons and between compounds. Overall, the transformation of MPs was mostly influenced by the lake's temperature, phytoplankton density and bacterial diversity. However, some individual MPs were not following the general trend or association with microorganism biomass. The antidepressant mianserin, for instance, was transformed in all experiments and depths, but did not show any relationship with measured environmental parameters, suggesting the importance of specific microorganisms in its transformation. The results presented here contribute to our understanding of the fate of MPs in surface waters and thus support improved risk assessment of contaminants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Chalifour
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Claude Walser
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Genetic Diversity Centre, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Pomati
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Wolff D, Helmholz L, Castronovo S, Ghattas AK, Ternes TA, Wick A. Micropollutant transformation and taxonomic composition in hybrid MBBR - A comparison of carrier-attached biofilm and suspended sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117441. [PMID: 34343873 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The suspended sludge and carrier-attached biofilms of three different hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) systems were investigated with respect to their transformation potential for a broad range of micropollutants (MPs) as well as their microbial community composition. For this purpose, laboratory-scale batch experiments were conducted with the separated suspended sludge and the carrier-attached biofilm of every system in triplicate. For all batches the removal of 31 MPs as well as the composition of the microbial community were analyzed. The carrier-attached biofilms from two hybrid MBBR systems showed a significant higher overall transformation potential in comparison to the respective suspended sludge. Especially for the MPs trimethoprim, diclofenac, mecoprop, climbazole and the human metabolite 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxycarbamazepine consistently higher pseudo-first-order transformation rates could be observed in all three systems. The analysis of the taxonomic composition revealed taxa showing higher relative abundances in the carrier-attached biofilms (e. g. Nitrospirae and Chloroflexi) and in the suspended biomasses (e. g. Bacteroidetes and Betaproteobacteria). Correlations of the biodiversity indices and the MP biotransformation rates resulted in significant positive associations for 11 compounds in suspended sludge, but mostly negative associations for the carrier-attached biofilms. The distinct differences in MP removal between suspended sludge and carrier-attached biofilm of the three different MBBR systems were also reflected by a statistically significant link between the occurrence of specific bacterial taxa (Acidibacter, Nitrospira and Rhizomicrobium) and MP transformation rates of certain MPs. Even though the identified correlations might not necessarily be of causal nature, some of the identified taxa might serve as suitable indicators for the transformation potential of suspended sludge or carrier-attached biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wolff
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), D-56068 Koblenz, Am Mainzer Tor 1, Germany
| | - Lissa Helmholz
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), D-56068 Koblenz, Am Mainzer Tor 1, Germany
| | - Sandro Castronovo
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), D-56068 Koblenz, Am Mainzer Tor 1, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Ghattas
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), D-56068 Koblenz, Am Mainzer Tor 1, Germany
| | - Thomas A Ternes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), D-56068 Koblenz, Am Mainzer Tor 1, Germany
| | - Arne Wick
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), D-56068 Koblenz, Am Mainzer Tor 1, Germany.
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16
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Kennes-Veiga DM, Vogler B, Fenner K, Carballa M, Lema JM. Heterotrophic enzymatic biotransformations of organic micropollutants in activated sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146564. [PMID: 33774287 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While heterotrophic microorganisms constitute the major fraction of activated sludge biomass, the role of heterotrophs in the biotransformation of organic micropollutants (OMPs) has not been fully elucidated. Yet, such knowledge is essential, particularly when conceiving novel wastewater treatment plants based on a two-stage process including an A-stage under heterotrophic conditions and a B-stage based on anammox activity. Biotransformation of OMPs in activated sludge is thought to mostly occur cometabolically thanks to the action of low specificity enzymes involved in the metabolism of the primary substrates. For a better understanding of the process, it is important to determine such enzymatic activities and the underlying mechanisms involved in OMPs biotransformation. This task has proven to be difficult due to the lack of information about the enzymatic processes and the complexity of the biological systems present in activated sludge. In this paper, a continuous aerobic heterotrophic reactor following 20 OMPs at environmental concentrations was operated to (i) assess the potential of heterotrophs during the cometabolic biotransformation of OMPs, (ii) identify biotransformation reactions catalyzed by aerobic heterotrophs and (iii) predict possible heterotrophic enzymatic activities responsible for such biotransformations. Contradicting previous reports on the dominant role of nitrifiers in OMPs removal during activated sludge treatment, the heterotrophic population proved its capacity to biotransform the OMPs to extents equivalent to reported values in nitrifying activated sludge plants. Besides, 12 transformation products potentially formed through the activity of several enzymes present in heterotrophs, including monooxygenases, dioxygenases, hydrolases and transferases, were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Kennes-Veiga
- Cretus Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Bernadette Vogler
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Fenner
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Carballa
- Cretus Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Juan M Lema
- Cretus Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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17
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Edefell E, Falås P, Torresi E, Hagman M, Cimbritz M, Bester K, Christensson M. Promoting the degradation of organic micropollutants in tertiary moving bed biofilm reactors by controlling growth and redox conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125535. [PMID: 33684823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel process configuration was designed to increase biofilm growth in tertiary moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) by providing additional substrate from primary treated wastewater in a sidestream reactor under different redox conditions in order to improve micropollutant removal in MBBRs with low substrate availability. This novel recirculating MBBR was operated on pilot scale for 13 months, and a systematic increase was seen in the biomass concentration and the micropollutant degradation rates, compared to a tertiary MBBR without additional substrate. The degradation rates per unit carrier surface area increased in the order of ten times, and for certain micropollutants, such as atenolol, metoprolol, trimethoprim and roxithromycin, the degradation rates increased 20-60 times. Aerobic conditions were critical for maintaining high micropollutant degradation rates. With innovative MBBR configurations it may be possible to improve the biological degradation of organic micropollutants in wastewater. It is suggested that degradation rates be normalized to the carrier surface area, in favor of the biomass concentration, as this reflects the diffusion limitations of oxygen, and will facilitate the comparison of different biofilm systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Edefell
- Sweden Water Research AB, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden; Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Per Falås
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elena Torresi
- Veolia Water Technologies AB - AnoxKaldnes, Klosterängsvägen 11 A, SE-226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marinette Hagman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Cimbritz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Magnus Christensson
- Veolia Water Technologies AB - AnoxKaldnes, Klosterängsvägen 11 A, SE-226 47 Lund, Sweden
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18
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do Nascimento JGDS, Silva EVA, Dos Santos AB, da Silva MER, Firmino PIM. Microaeration improves the removal/biotransformation of organic micropollutants in anaerobic wastewater treatment systems. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111313. [PMID: 33991572 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work assessed the effect of increasing microaeration flow rates (1-6 mL min-1 at 28 °C and 1 atm, equivalent to 0.025-0.152 L O2 L-1 feed) on the removal/biotransformation of seven organic micropollutants (OMPs) (three hormones, one xenoestrogen, and three pharmaceuticals), at 200 μg L-1 each, in a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 7.4 h. Additionally, the operational stability of the system and the evolution of its microbial community under microaerobic conditions were evaluated. Microaeration was demonstrated to be an effective strategy to improve the limited removal/biotransformation of the evaluated OMPs in short-HRT anaerobic wastewater treatment systems. The rise in the airflow rate considerably increased the removal efficiencies of all OMPs. However, there seems to be a saturation limit for the biochemical reactions. Then, the best results were obtained with 4 mL air min-1 (0.101 L O2 L-1 feed) (~90%) because, above this flow rate, the efficiency increase was negligible. The long-term exposure to microaerobic conditions (249 days) led the microbiota to a gradual evolution. Consequently, there was some enrichment with species potentially associated with the biotransformation of OMPs, which may explain the better performance at the end of the microaerobic term even with the lowest airflow rate tested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ester Viana Alencar Silva
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - André Bezerra Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Igor Milen Firmino
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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19
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Psoma AK, Rousis NI, Georgantzi EN, Τhomaidis ΝS. An integrated approach to MS-based identification and risk assessment of pharmaceutical biotransformation in wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:144677. [PMID: 33508673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The omnipresence of pharmaceuticals at relatively high concentrations (μg/L) in environmental compartments indicated their inadequate removal by wastewater treatment plants. As such, batch reactors seeded with activated sludge were set up to assess the biotransformation of metformin, ranitidine, lidocaine and atorvastatin. The main objective was to identify transformation products (TPs) through the establishment of an integrated workflow for suspect and non-target screening based on reversed phase liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. To support the identification, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was used as a complementary tool, in order to enhance the completeness of the developed workflow by identifying the more polar TPs. The structure assignment/elucidation of the candidate TPs was mainly based on interpretation of MS/MS spectra. Twenty-two TPs were identified, with fourteen of them reaching high identification confidence levels (level 1: confirmed structure by reference standards and level 2: probable structure by library spectrum match and diagnostic evidence). Finally, retrospective analysis in influent and effluent wastewater was performed for the TPs for four consecutive years in wastewater sampled in Athens, Greece. The potential toxicological threat of the compounds to the aquatic environment was assessed and atorvastatin with two of its TPs showed a potential risk to the aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini K Psoma
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos I Rousis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni N Georgantzi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Νikolaos S Τhomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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20
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do Nascimento JGDS, de Araújo MHP, Dos Santos AB, da Silva MER, Firmino PIM. Redox mediator, microaeration, and nitrate addition as engineering approaches to enhance the biotransformation of antibiotics in anaerobic reactors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123932. [PMID: 33264982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present work assessed some engineering approaches, such as the addition of the redox mediator anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) (50 and 100 μM), microaeration (1 mL air min-1), and nitrate (100-400 mg L-1), for enhancing the biotransformation of the antibiotics sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) (200 μg L-1 each) in anaerobic reactors operated at a short hydraulic retention time (7.4 h). Initially, very low removal efficiencies (REs) of SMX and TMP were obtained under anaerobic conditions (∼6%). After adding AQDS, the anaerobic biotransformation of these antibiotics significantly improved, with an increase of approximately 70% in the REs with 100 μM of AQDS. Microaeration also enhanced the biotransformation of SMX and TMP, especially when associated with AQDS, which provided REs above 70%, particularly for TMP (∼91% with 1 mL air min-1 and 50 μM of AQDS). Concerning nitrate, the higher the added concentration, the higher the REs of the antibiotics (∼86% with 400 mg L-1). Therefore, all the assessed approaches were demonstrated to be very effective in improving the limited biotransformation of SMX and TMP in anaerobic reactors, ensuring REs comparable to those found in higher-cost wastewater treatment technologies, such as conventional activated sludge, membrane bioreactors, and hybrid processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André Bezerra Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Igor Milen Firmino
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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21
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Mendes Barros AR, Argenta TS, de Amorim de Carvalho C, da Silva Oliveira F, Milen Firmino PI, Bezerra Dos Santos A. Effects of the antibiotics trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on granulation, microbiology, and performance of aerobic granular sludge systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127840. [PMID: 32763570 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work assessed the effect of the antibiotics trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on the granulation process, microbiology, and organic matter and nutrient removal of an aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system. In addition, after the maturation stage, the impact of the redox mediator anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) (25 μM) on the biotransformation of the antibiotics was evaluated. The reactor R1 was maintained as a control, and the reactor R2 was supplemented with TMP and SMX (200 μg L-1). The ability to remove C, N, and P was similar between the reactors. However, the structural integrity of the AGS was impaired by the antibiotics. Low TMP (∼30%) and SMX (∼60%) removals were achieved when compared to anaerobic or floccular biomass aerobic systems. However, when the system was supplemented with AQDS, an increase in the removal of TMP (∼75%) and SMX (∼95%) was observed, possibly due to the catalytic action of the redox mediator on cometabolic processes. Regarding the microbial groups, whereas Proteobacteria and Bacterioidetes increased, Planctomycetes decreased in both reactors. However, TMP and SMX presence seemed to inhibit or favor some genera during the formation of the granules, possibly due to their bactericidal action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thaís Salvador Argenta
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Clara de Amorim de Carvalho
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisca da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Igor Milen Firmino
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - André Bezerra Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Muriuki CW, Home PG, Raude JM, Ngumba EK, Munala GK, Kairigo PK, Gachanja AN, Tuhkanen TA. Occurrence, distribution, and risk assessment of pharmerciuticals in wastewater and open surface drains of peri-urban areas: Case study of Juja town, Kenya. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115503. [PMID: 33254597 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) in the environment is becoming a major area of concern due to their undesirable effects on non-target organisms. This study investigated the occurrence and risk of contamination by five antibiotics and three antiretrovirals drugs in a fast-growing peri-urban area in Kenya, with inadequate sewer system coverage. Due to poor sewage connectivity and poorly designed decentralized systems, wastewater is directly released in open drains. Water and sediment samples were collected from open surface water drains, while wastewater samples were collected from centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Solid-phase extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction for the aqueous and sediment samples respectively were carried out and extracts analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) using isotopically labeled internal standards. APIs were observed with the detection frequency ranging from 36% to 100%. High mean concentrations of 48.7 μg L-1, 108 μg L-1, and 532 μg L-1 were observed in surface drains for Lamivudine (3 TC), Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), Ciprofloxacin (CIP) respectively. Drain sediments also showed high concentrations of APIs ranging from 2.1 to 13,100 μg kg-1. APIs in this study exceeded those observed in existing literature studies. JKUAT WWTP removal efficiencies varied from -90.68% to 72.67%. Total APIs emission load of the study area was 3550 mg d-1 with WWTP effluent contributing higher loads (2620 mg d-1) than surface water drains (640 mg d-1). Zidovudine (ZDV), nevirapine (NVP), and trimethoprim (TMP) loads in drains, however, exceeded WWTP effluent. Low to high ecotoxicity risk of the individual APIs were observed to the aquatic environment, with high risks for the development of antibiotic resistance in microbiome as determined by the risk quotient (RQ) approach. Risk management through efficient wastewater collection, conveyance, and treatment is necessary to suppress the measured concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia W Muriuki
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Patrick G Home
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James M Raude
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elijah K Ngumba
- Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gerryshom K Munala
- Centre of Urban Studies, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Pius K Kairigo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Anthony N Gachanja
- Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tuula A Tuhkanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
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Tang K, Ooi GTH, Torresi E, Kaarsholm KMS, Hambly A, Sundmark K, Lindholst S, Sund C, Kragelund C, Christensson M, Bester K, Andersen HR. Municipal wastewater treatment targeting pharmaceuticals by a pilot-scale hybrid attached biofilm and activated sludge system (Hybas™). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127397. [PMID: 32599380 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid wastewater treatment process with combined attached biofilm (moving bed biofilm reactor) and activated sludge, named as Hybas™, was implemented for the treatment of municipal wastewater. The system consisted of six staged reactors in series including pre-denitrification and nitrification in the Hybas™ line and post-denitrification in a pure MBBR. In addition to the significant removal of nutrients and organic matter from municipal wastewater, Hybas™ also showed removal capacity for pharmaceuticals. Of particular interest was the enhanced removal for pharmaceuticals (i.e. X-ray contrast media) compared to other biological systems. Spiking experiments showed that the maximum removal rate constants (k, h-1) for 10 out of the 21 investigated pharmaceuticals (including diclofenac) were observed to occur within the two aerobic Hybas ™ reactors, operated in a flow-shifting mode that allows even biofilm growth of nitrifying bacteria. In total, 14 out of the 21 pharmaceuticals were removed by more than 50% during continuous flow operation in the all Hybas™ line and post-denitrification MBBR. The calculated and estimated removal contributions of pharmaceuticals by each individual reactor were also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gordon T H Ooi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Århus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Elena Torresi
- Veolia Water Technologies AnoxKaldnes, Klosterängsvägen 11A, SE-226 47, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kamilla M S Kaarsholm
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Adam Hambly
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kim Sundmark
- Krüger Veolia, Gladsaxevej 262, 2860, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Sabine Lindholst
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Danish Technological Institute, Kongsvang Alle 29, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Caroline Kragelund
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Danish Technological Institute, Kongsvang Alle 29, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Magnus Christensson
- Veolia Water Technologies AnoxKaldnes, Klosterängsvägen 11A, SE-226 47, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Århus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Henrik R Andersen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Indirect Photodegradation of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim by Hydroxyl Radicals in Aquatic Environment: Mechanisms, Transformation Products and Eco-Toxicity Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176276. [PMID: 32872578 PMCID: PMC7503993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacteriostatic antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP), have frequently been found in wastewater and surface water, which raises the concerns about their ecotoxicological effects. The indirect photochemical transformation has been proven to be an efficient way to degrade SMX and TMP. In this study, the reaction mechanisms of the degradation by SMX and TMF by OH radicals were investigated by theoretical calculations. Corresponding rate constants were determined and the eco-toxicity of SMX and TMP and its degradations products were predicted using theoretical models. The results indicate that the most favorable pathways for the transformation of SMX and TMP are both •OH-addition reaction of benzene ring site with lowest Gibbs free energy barriers (6.86 and 6.21 kcal mol−1). It was found that the overall reaction rate constants of •OH-initial reaction of SMX and TMP are 1.28 × 108 M−1 s−1 and 6.21 × 108 M−1 s−1 at 298 K, respectively. When comparing the eco-toxicity of transformation products with parent SMX and TMP, it can be concluded that the acute and chronic toxicities of the degraded products are reduced, but some products remain harmful for organisms, especially for daphnid (toxic or very toxic level). This study can give greater insight into the degradation of SMX and TMP by •OH through theoretical calculations in aquatic environment.
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25
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Opportunities for coupled electrochemical and ion-exchange technologies to remove recalcitrant micropollutants in water. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang SX, Zhang QQ, Liu YS, Yan XT, Zhang B, Xing C, Zhao JL, Ying GG. Emission and fate of antibiotics in the Dongjiang River Basin, China: Implication for antibiotic resistance risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136518. [PMID: 32050380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics used for human and veterinary purposes are released into the environment, resulting in potential adverse effects, including the development and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Here we investigated the dynamic fate of 36 antibiotics in a large river basin Dongjiang in South China, and discussed their potential antibiotic resistance selection risk. Based on the usage, excretion rate, wastewater treatment rate, human population and animal numbers the emissions of 36 frequently detected antibiotics were estimated for the Dongjiang River Basin. The total usage of the 36 antibiotics in the basin was 623.4 tons, which included 37% for human use and the rest for veterinary purposes. After being metabolized and partially treated, the amount of antibiotics excreted and released into the environment decreased to 267.6 tons. By allocating the high-precision antibiotic discharge inventory to 42 sewage plants and 17 livestock farms, an improved GREAT-ER (Geography referenced Regional Exposure Assessment Tool for European Rivers) model for the Dongjiang River Basin, with a well calibration river flow network based on the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), was established to simulate the dynamic fate of 36 antibiotics. The simulation results showed that antibiotics contaminated >50% of the river sections. The modelled concentrations in water were almost within an order of magnitude of the measured concentrations. Antibiotic contamination in the dry season was obviously higher than that in the wet season. The concentrations of the antibiotics were always higher at the discharge zones and lower reaches of the river basin than the other reaches. The antibiotic resistance risk assessment showed that 23 out of the 36 antibiotics (nearly 65%) could pose high risks in the river basin. For those river reaches with high risks, the risk levels could mostly be reduced to low risk levels with a certain distance (15 km) from the pollution source. Therefore, more attention should be paid to those impact zones in term of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Xuan Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Yan
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Cheng Xing
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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27
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Kiki C, Rashid A, Wang Y, Li Y, Zeng Q, Yu CP, Sun Q. Dissipation of antibiotics by microalgae: Kinetics, identification of transformation products and pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:121985. [PMID: 31911384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dissipation potential of four algae viz. Haematococcus pluvialis, Selenastrum capricornutum, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella vulgaris was investigated against ten antibiotics (sulfamerazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamonomethoxine, trimethoprim, clarithromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin, lomefloxacin, levofloxacin and flumequine) in a series of synthetic wastewater batch culture experiments, maintained at 20, 50 and 100 μg L-1 initial concentration levels and incubated over a period of 40 days. Generally, the antibiotic removal was achieved with overall dissipation percentage (%) varying among the algal species and different antibiotics. Biodegradation was the major antibiotic removal mechanism from the dissolved fraction, with minor contributions of bioadsorption, bioaccumulation, and abiotic factors. The antibiotics dissipation followed the pseudo-first-order-kinetics with the fastest antibiotic degradation rate achieved by H. pluvialis. The Monod kinetics was successfully applied to explain the relationship between the algal growth and the removal of antibiotics and nutrients in the batch cultures. S. capricornutum and C. vulgaris showed more affinity for the macrolides and fluoroquinolones than sulfonamides, while, H. pluvialis and S. quadiricauda showed relatively higher preference for sulfonamides than the other antibiotic groups. A total of 10 transformation products were identified and the transformation pathway was proposed, accordingly. Most of the transformation products had lower toxicity compared with their parent antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Kiki
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Azhar Rashid
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Tarnab, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Yuwen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Qiaoting Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Qian Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
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28
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Biodegradation of antibiotics: The new resistance determinants – part I. N Biotechnol 2020; 54:34-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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29
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Henning N, Falås P, Castronovo S, Jewell KS, Bester K, Ternes TA, Wick A. Biological transformation of fexofenadine and sitagliptin by carrier-attached biomass and suspended sludge from a hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 167:115034. [PMID: 31581038 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the (bio)transformation of the antidiabetic sitagliptin (STG) and the antihistamine fexofenadine (FXF) during wastewater treatment. As inoculum either attached-growth on carriers or suspended sludge from a hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor (HMBBR) was used. Both target compounds were incubated in degradation experiments and quantified via LC-MS/MS for degradation kinetics. Furthermore transformation products (TPs) were analyzed via high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Structural elucidation of the TPs was based on the high resolution molecular ion mass to propose a molecular formula and on MS2 fragmentation to elucidate the chemical structure of the TPs. In total, 22 TPs (9 TPs for STG and 13 TPs for FXF) were detected in the experiments with STG and FXF. For all TPs, chemical structures could be proposed. STG was mainly transformed via amide hydrolysis and conjugation of the primary amine moiety. In contrast, FXF was predominantly transformed by oxidative reactions such as oxidation (dehydrogenation) and hydroxylation. Furthermore, FXF was removed significantly faster in contact with carriers compared to suspended sludge, whereas STG was degraded slightly faster in contact with suspended sludge. Moreover, the primary TP of FXF was also degraded faster in contact with carriers leading to higher proportions of secondary TPs. Thus, the microbial community of both carriers and suspended sludge catalyzed the same primary transformation reactions but the transformation kinetics of FXF and the formation/degradation of FXF TPs were considerably higher in contact with carrier-attached biomass. The primary degradation of both target compounds in pilot- and full-scale conventional activated sludge (CAS) and MBBR reactors reached 42 and 61% for FXF and STG, respectively. Up to three of the identified TPs of FXF and 8 TPs of STG were detected in the effluents of pilot- and full-scale CAS and MBBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Henning
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Per Falås
- Water and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandro Castronovo
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Kevin S Jewell
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Kai Bester
- Department for Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Ternes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Arne Wick
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany.
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30
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Hermes N, Jewell KS, Schulz M, Müller J, Hübner U, Wick A, Drewes JE, Ternes TA. Elucidation of removal processes in sequential biofiltration (SBF) and soil aquifer treatment (SAT) by analysis of a broad range of trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) and their transformation products (TPs). WATER RESEARCH 2019; 163:114857. [PMID: 31336207 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many chemicals with different physico-chemical properties are present in municipal wastewater. In this study, the removal of a broad range of trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) was determined in two biological treatment processes differing in hydraulic retention time: sequential biofiltration (SBF) and soil-aquifer treatment (SAT), operated in Germany and Spain. Occurrence and the degree of removal of more than 150 TOrCs with different physico-chemical properties were analysed, including precursors as well as human metabolites and environmental transformation products (TPs). Ninety TOrCs were detected in the feed water of the SBF system, 40% of these showed removal efficiencies of higher than 30% during biological treatment. In SAT, 70 TOrCs were detected in the feed water, 60% of these could be reduced by more than 30% after approximately 3 days of subsurface treatment. For uncharged and negatively charged TOrCs biological degradation was mainly responsible for the removal, while positively charged TOrCs were most likely also removed by ionic interactions. The detections of TPs confirmed that biodegradation was a major removal process in both systems. The analysis of positively and negatively charged, neutral and zwitterionic TOrCs and the simultaneous analysis of precursors and their biologically formed TPs enabled a detailed understanding of underlying mechanisms of their removal in the two systems. On this basis, criteria for site-specific indicator selection were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hermes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - K S Jewell
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - M Schulz
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - J Müller
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - U Hübner
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - A Wick
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - J E Drewes
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - T A Ternes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany.
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31
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Majumder A, Gupta B, Gupta AK. Pharmaceutically active compounds in aqueous environment: A status, toxicity and insights of remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108542. [PMID: 31387068 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have pernicious effects on all kinds of life forms because of their toxicological effects and are found profoundly in various wastewater treatment plant influents, hospital effluents, and surface waters. The concentrations of different pharmaceuticals were found in alarmingly high concentrations in various parts of the globe, and it was also observed that the concentration of PhACs present in the water could be eventually related to the socio-economic conditions and climate of the region. Drinking water equivalent limit for each PhAC has been calculated and compared with the occurrence data from various continents. Since these compounds are recalcitrant towards conventional treatment methods, while advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have shown better efficiency in degrading these PhACs. The performance of the AOPs have been evaluated based on percentage removal, time, and electrical energy consumed to degrade different classes of PhACs. Ozone based AOPs were found to be favorable because of their low treatment time, low cost, and high efficiency. However, complete degradation cannot be achieved by these processes, and various transformation products are formed, which may be more toxic than the parent compounds. The various transformation products formed from various PhACs during treatment have been highlighted. Significant stress has been given on the role of various process parameters, water matrix, oxidizing radicals, and the mechanism of degradation. Presence of organic compounds, nitrate, and phosphate usually hinders the degradation process, while chlorine and sulfate showed a positive effect. The role of individual oxidizing radicals, interfering ions, and pH demonstrated dissimilar effects on different groups of PhACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhradeep Majumder
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Bramha Gupta
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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32
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Van Tran T, Nguyen DTC, Nguyen HTT, Nanda S, Vo DVN, Do ST, Van Nguyen T, Thi TAD, Bach LG, Nguyen TD. Application of Fe-based metal-organic framework and its pyrolysis products for sulfonamide treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:28106-28126. [PMID: 31363978 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and fate of antibiotic compounds in water can adversely affect human and animal health; hence, the removal of such substrates from soil and water is indispensable. Herein, we described the synthesis method of mesoporous carbon (MPC) via the pyrolysis route from a coordination polymer Fe-based MIL-53 (or MIL-53, shortly). The MPC structure was analyzed by several physical techniques such as SEM, TEM, BET, FT-IR, VSM, and XRD. The response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to find out the effects of initial concentration, MPC dosage, and pH on the removal efficiency of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) antibiotics in water. Under the optimized conditions, the removal efficiencies of TMP and SMX were found to be 87% and 99%, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption kinetic and isotherm studies showed that chemisorption and the monolayer adsorption controlled the adsorption process. The leaching test and recyclability studies indicated that the MPC structure was stable and can be reused for at least four times without any considerable change in the removal efficiency. Plausible adsorption mechanisms were also addressed in this study. Because of high maximum adsorption capacity (85.5 mg/g and 131.6 mg/g for TMP and SMX, respectively) and efficient reusability, MPC is recommended to be a potential adsorbent for TMP and SMX from water media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuan Van Tran
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Pharmacy, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hong-Tham T Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Sonil Nanda
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sy Trung Do
- Insitute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuyen Van Nguyen
- Insitute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuyet Anh Dang Thi
- Insitute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Long Giang Bach
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Trinh Duy Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Tadić Đ, Matamoros V, Bayona JM. Simultaneous determination of multiclass antibiotics and their metabolites in four types of field-grown vegetables. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5209-5222. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gonzalez-Gil L, Krah D, Ghattas AK, Carballa M, Wick A, Helmholz L, Lema JM, Ternes TA. Biotransformation of organic micropollutants by anaerobic sludge enzymes. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 152:202-214. [PMID: 30669042 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in wastewater treatment plants ultimately depends on the enzymatic activities developed in each biological process. However, few research efforts have been made to clarify and identify the role of enzymes on the removal of OMPs, which is an essential knowledge to determine the biotransformation potential of treatment technologies. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the enzymatic transformation of 35 OMPs under anaerobic conditions, which have been even less studied than aerobic systems. Initially, 13 OMPs were identified to be significantly biotransformed (>20%) by anaerobic sludge obtained from a full-scale anaerobic digester, predestining them as potential targets of anaerobic enzymes. Native enzymes were extracted from this anaerobic sludge to perform transformation assays with the OMPs. In addition, the effect of detergents to recover membrane enzymes, as well as the effects of cofactors and inhibitors to promote and suppress specific enzymatic activities were evaluated. In total, it was possible to recover enzymatic activities towards 10 out of these 13 target OMPs (acetyl-sulfamethoxazole and its transformation product sulfamethoxazole, acetaminophen, atenolol, clarithromycin, citalopram, climbazole, erythromycin, and terbutryn, venlafaxine) as well as towards 8 non-target OMPs (diclofenac, iopamidol, acyclovir, acesulfame, and 4 different hydroxylated metabolites of carbamazepine). Some enzymatic activities likely involved in the anaerobic biotransformation of these OMPs were identified. Thereby, this study is a starting point to unravel the still enigmatic biotransformation of OMPs in wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Gonzalez-Gil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain.
| | - Daniel Krah
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, Koblenz, D-56068, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Ghattas
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, Koblenz, D-56068, Germany
| | - Marta Carballa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - Arne Wick
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, Koblenz, D-56068, Germany
| | - Lissa Helmholz
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, Koblenz, D-56068, Germany
| | - Juan M Lema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - Thomas A Ternes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, Koblenz, D-56068, Germany
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Hara H, Yusaimi YA, Zulkeflle SNM, Sugiura N, Iwamoto K, Goto M, Utsumi M, Othman NB, Zakaria Z. Molecular characterization of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolates from tropical environments in Southeast Asia. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2019; 64:284-292. [PMID: 29877296 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance among multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbes is of growing concern, and threatens public health globally. A total of 129 Escherichia coli isolates were recovered from lowland aqueous environments near hospitals and medical service centers in the vicinity of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Among the eleven antibacterial agents tested, the isolates were highly resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (83.7%) and nalidixic acid (71.3%) and moderately resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol (66.7%), tetracycline (65.1%), fosfomycin (57.4%), cefotaxime (57.4%), and ciprofloxacin (57.4%), while low resistance levels were found with aminoglycosides (kanamycin, 22.5%; gentamicin, 21.7%). The presence of relevant resistance determinants was evaluated, and the genotypic resistance determinants were as follows: sulfonamides (sulI, sulII, and sulIII), trimethoprim (dfrA1 and dfrA5), quinolones (qnrS), β-lactams (ampC and blaCTX-M), chloramphenicol (cmlA1 and cat2), tetracycline (tetA and tetM), fosfomycin (fosA and fosA3), and aminoglycosides (aphA1 and aacC2). Our data suggest that multidrug-resistant E. coli strains are ubiquitous in the aquatic systems of tropical countries and indicate that hospital wastewater may contribute to this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hara
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
| | - Yus Amira Yusaimi
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
| | - Siti Norayuni Mohd Zulkeflle
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
| | - Norio Sugiura
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba
| | - Koji Iwamoto
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba
| | - Masafumi Goto
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
| | - Motoo Utsumi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba
| | - Nor'azizi Bin Othman
- Department of Mechanical Precision Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
| | - Zuriati Zakaria
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
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Ooi GTH, Tang K, Chhetri RK, Kaarsholm KMS, Sundmark K, Kragelund C, Litty K, Christensen A, Lindholst S, Sund C, Christensson M, Bester K, Andersen HR. Biological removal of pharmaceuticals from hospital wastewater in a pilot-scale staged moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) utilising nitrifying and denitrifying processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 267:677-687. [PMID: 30071459 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hospital wastewater contains high concentrations of pharmaceuticals, which pose risks to receiving waters. In this study, a pilot plant consisting of six moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) in series (with the intention to integrate Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) removal, nitrification and denitrification as well as prepolishing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) for ozonation) was built to integrate pharmaceutical removal and intermittent feeding of the latter reactors aimed for micropollutant removal. Based on the experimental resultss, nitrifying MBBRs achieved higher removal as compared to denitrifying MBBRs except for azithromycin, clarithromycin, diatrizoic acid, propranolol and trimethoprim. In the batch experiments, nitrifying MBBRs showed the ability to remove most of the analysed pharmaceuticals, with degradation rate constants ranging from 5.0 × 10-3 h-1 to 2.6 h-1. In general, the highest degradation rate constants were observed in the nitrifying MBBRs while the latter MBBRs showed lower degradation rate constant. However, when the degradation rate constants were normalised to the respective biomass, the intermittently fed reactors presented the highest specific activity. Out of the 22 compounds studied, 17 compounds were removed with more than 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon T H Ooi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ravi K Chhetri
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kamilla M S Kaarsholm
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kim Sundmark
- Krüger Veolia, Gladsaxevej 262, 2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - Caroline Kragelund
- Department of Water and Environment, Danish Technological Institute, Kongsvang Alle 29, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Klaus Litty
- Department of Water and Environment, Danish Technological Institute, Kongsvang Alle 29, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alice Christensen
- Department of Water and Environment, Danish Technological Institute, Kongsvang Alle 29, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sabine Lindholst
- Department of Water and Environment, Danish Technological Institute, Kongsvang Alle 29, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Magnus Christensson
- Veolia Water Technologies AnoxKaldnes, Klosterängsvägen 11A, SE-226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kai Bester
- Institute of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Henrik R Andersen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Kruglova A, Mikola A, Gonzalez-Martinez A, Vahala R. Effect of sulfadiazine and trimethoprim on activated sludge performance and microbial community dynamics in laboratory-scale membrane bioreactors and sequencing batch reactors at 8°C. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2708. [PMID: 30294885 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The effect of antibiotics sulfadiazine and trimethoprim on activated sludge operated at 8°C was investigated. Performance and microbial communities of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) and Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) were compared before and after the exposure of antibiotics to the synthetic wastewater. The results revealed irreversible negative effect of these antibiotics in environmentally relevant concentrations on nitrifying microbial community of SBR activated sludge. In opposite, MBR sludge demonstrated fast adaptation and more stable performance during the antibiotics exposure. Dynamics of microbial community was greatly affected by presence of antibiotics. Bacteria from classes Betaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes demonstrated the potential to develop antibiotic resistance in both wastewater treatment systems while Actinobacteria disappeared from all of the reactors after 60 days of antibiotics exposure. Altogether, results showed that operational parameters such as sludge retention time (SRT) and reactor configuration had great effect on microbial community composition of activated sludge and its vulnerability to antibiotics. Operation at long SRT allowed archaea, including ammonium oxidizing species (AOA) such as Nitrososphaera viennensis to grow in MBRs. AOA could have an important role in stable nitrification performance of MBR-activated sludge as a result of tolerance of archaea to antibiotics. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2708, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Mikola
- Dept. of Built Environment, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Riku Vahala
- Dept. of Built Environment, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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38
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Falås P, Jewell KS, Hermes N, Wick A, Ternes TA, Joss A, Nielsen JL. Transformation, CO 2 formation and uptake of four organic micropollutants by carrier-attached microorganisms. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 141:405-416. [PMID: 29859473 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A tiered process was developed to assess the transformation, CO2 formation and uptake of four organic micropollutants by carrier-attached microorganisms from two municipal wastewater treatment plants. At the first tier, primary transformation of ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, and mecoprop by carrier-attached microorganisms was shown by the dissipation of the target compounds and the formation of five transformation products using LC-tandem MS. At the second tier, the microbial cleavage of the four organic micropollutants was confirmed with 14C-labeled micropollutants through liquid scintillation counting of the 14CO2 formed. At the third tier, microautoradiography coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridization (MAR-FISH) was used to screen carrier-attached microorganisms for uptake of the four radiolabeled micropollutants. Results from the MAR-FISH screening indicated that only a small fraction of the microbial community (≤1‰) was involved in the uptake of the radiolabeled micropollutants and that the responsible microorganisms differed between the compounds. At the fourth tier, the microbial community structure of the carrier-attached biofilms was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The sequencing results showed that the MAR-FISH screening targeted ∼80% of the microbial community and that several taxonomic families within the FISH-probed populations with MAR-positive signals (i.e. Firmicutes, Gammaproteobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria) were present in both biofilms. From the broader perspective of organic micropollutant removal in biological wastewater treatment, the MAR-FISH results of this study indicate a high degree of microbial substrate specialization that could explain differences in transformation rates and patterns between micropollutants and microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Falås
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Water and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Kevin S Jewell
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Nina Hermes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Arne Wick
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Thomas A Ternes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Adriano Joss
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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39
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Yu Y, Han P, Zhou LJ, Li Z, Wagner M, Men Y. Ammonia Monooxygenase-Mediated Cometabolic Biotransformation and Hydroxylamine-Mediated Abiotic Transformation of Micropollutants in an AOB/NOB Coculture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9196-9205. [PMID: 30004677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation of various micropollutants (MPs) has been found to be positively correlated with nitrification in activated sludge communities. To further elucidate the roles played by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), we investigated the biotransformation capabilities of an NOB pure culture ( Nitrobacter sp.) and an AOB ( Nitrosomonas europaea)/NOB ( Nitrobacter sp.) coculture for 15 MPs, whose biotransformation was reported previously to be associated with nitrification. The NOB pure culture did not biotransform any investigated MP, whereas the AOB/NOB coculture was capable of biotransforming six MPs (i.e., asulam, bezafibrate, fenhexamid, furosemide, indomethacin, and rufinamide). Transformation products (TPs) were identified, and tentative structures were proposed. Inhibition studies with octyne, an ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) inhibitor, suggested that AMO was the responsible enzyme for MP transformation that occurred cometabolically. For the first time, hydroxylamine, a key intermediate of all aerobic ammonia oxidizers, was found to react with several MPs at concentrations typically occurring in AOB batch cultures. All of these MPs were also biotransformed by the AOB/NOB coculture. Moreover, the same asulam TPs were detected in both biotransformation and hydroxylamine-treated abiotic transformation experiments, whereas rufinamide TPs formed from biological transformation were not detected during hydroxylamine-mediated abiotic transformation, which was consistent with the inability of rufinamide abiotic transformation by hydroxylamine. Thus, in addition to cometabolism likely carried out by AMO, an abiotic transformation route indirectly mediated by AMO might also contribute to MP biotransformation by AOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochun Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801-2352 , United States
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Research Network "Chemistry meets Microbiology" , University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Li-Jun Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Research Network "Chemistry meets Microbiology" , University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment , Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008 , China
| | - Zhong Li
- Metabolomics Center , University of Illinois , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Research Network "Chemistry meets Microbiology" , University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Yujie Men
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801-2352 , United States
- Institute for Genomic Biology , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
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Psutka JM, Dion-Fortier A, Dieckmann T, Campbell JL, Segura PA, Hopkins WS. Identifying Fenton-Reacted Trimethoprim Transformation Products Using Differential Mobility Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5352-5357. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod M. Psutka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Annick Dion-Fortier
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Thorsten Dieckmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - J. Larry Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4 V8, Canada
| | - Pedro A. Segura
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - W. Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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41
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42
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Electrochemistry-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry to Study Oxidation Products of Trimethoprim. ENVIRONMENTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/environments5010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29205, United States
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44
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Garcia-Ivars J, Martella L, Massella M, Carbonell-Alcaina C, Alcaina-Miranda MI, Iborra-Clar MI. Nanofiltration as tertiary treatment method for removing trace pharmaceutically active compounds in wastewater from wastewater treatment plants. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 125:360-373. [PMID: 28881212 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing occurrence and persistence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in soils, sediments, drinking water supplies and wastewater effluents are a matter of serious environmental concern for governments and researchers worldwide. Nanofiltration as tertiary treatment method can be a viable and practical tool to remove these pollutants from aquatic environments. However, organic matter present in water sources can foul the membrane surface during operation, thus being potentially able to affect the membrane performance. Therefore, fouling mechanisms could heavily influence on the removal efficiencies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the implementation of three nanofiltration membranes (TFC-SR2, NF-270 and MPS-34) and to study both the rejection of trace PhACs and the fouling mechanisms for each membrane as a function of feed solution pH. Fouling mechanisms were predicted by Hermia's model adapted to cross-flow configurations. Results demonstrated that higher removals were obtained at slightly alkaline pH, especially for anionic trace PhACs. At the same conditions, more severe fouling was observed, which resulted in strong flux declines and an increase in hydrophobicity. This indicates that the attached organic matter on the membrane surface acts as a secondary selective barrier for separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Garcia-Ivars
- Research Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Lucia Martella
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali (DICAM), Università di Bologna, Via Terracini, 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuele Massella
- Dipartamento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale, Università Sapienza di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlos Carbonell-Alcaina
- Research Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Isabel Alcaina-Miranda
- Research Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Isabel Iborra-Clar
- Research Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Polesel F, Torresi E, Loreggian L, Casas ME, Christensson M, Bester K, Plósz BG. Removal of pharmaceuticals in pre-denitrifying MBBR - Influence of organic substrate availability in single- and three-stage configurations. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:408-419. [PMID: 28689125 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limited efficiency of conventional biological treatment, innovative solutions are being explored to improve the removal of trace organic chemicals in wastewater. Controlling biomass exposure to growth substrate represents an appealing option for process optimization, as substrate availability likely impacts microbial activity, hence organic trace chemical removal. This study investigated the elimination of pharmaceuticals in pre-denitrifying moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs), where biofilm exposure to different organic substrate loading and composition was controlled by reactor staging. A three-stage MBBR and a single-stage reference MBBR (with the same operating volume and filling ratio) were operated under continuous-flow conditions (18 months). Two sets of batch experiments (day 100 and 471) were performed to quantify and compare pharmaceutical removal and denitrification kinetics in the different MBBRs. Experimental results revealed the possible influence of retransformation (e.g., from conjugated metabolites) and enantioselectivity on the removal of selected pharmaceuticals. In the second set of experiments, specific trends in denitrification and biotransformation kinetics were observed, with highest and lowest rates/rate constants in the first (S1) and the last (S3) staged sub-reactors, respectively. These observations were confirmed by removal efficiency data obtained during continuous-flow operation, with limited removal (<10%) of recalcitrant pharmaceuticals and highest removal in S1 within the three-stage MBBR. Notably, biotransformation rate constants obtained for non-recalcitrant pharmaceuticals correlated with mean specific denitrification rates, maximum specific growth rates and observed growth yield values. Overall, these findings suggest that: (i) the long-term exposure to tiered substrate accessibility in the three-stage configuration shaped the denitrification and biotransformation capacity of biofilms, with significant reduction under substrate limitation; (ii) biotransformation of pharmaceuticals may have occurred as a result of cometabolism by heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Polesel
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet B115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Elena Torresi
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet B115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Veolia Water Technologies AB, AnoxKaldnes, Klosterängsvägen 11A, SE-226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - Luca Loreggian
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet B115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Environmental Engineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mònica Escolà Casas
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Magnus Christensson
- Veolia Water Technologies AB, AnoxKaldnes, Klosterängsvägen 11A, SE-226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Benedek Gy Plósz
- DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet B115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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46
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Castronovo S, Wick A, Scheurer M, Nödler K, Schulz M, Ternes TA. Biodegradation of the artificial sweetener acesulfame in biological wastewater treatment and sandfilters. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 110:342-353. [PMID: 28063296 PMCID: PMC5292994 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A considerable removal of the artificial sweetener acesulfame (ACE) was observed during activated sludge processes at 13 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as well as in a full-scale sand filter of a water works. A long-term sampling campaign over a period of almost two years revealed that ACE removal in WWTPs can be highly variable over time. Nitrifying/denitrifying sequencing batch reactors (SBR) as well as aerobic batch experiments with activated sludge and filter sand from a water works confirmed that both activated sludge as well as filter sand can efficiently remove ACE and that the removal can be attributed to biologically mediated degradation processes. The lab results strongly indicated that varying ACE removal in WWTPs is not associated with nitrification processes. Neither an enhancement of the nitrification rate nor the availability of ammonium or the inhibition of ammonium monooxygenase by N-allylthiourea (ATU) affected the degradation. Moreover, ACE was found to be also degradable by activated sludge under denitrifying conditions, while being persistent in the absence of both dissolved oxygen and nitrate. Using ion chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry, sulfamic acid (SA) was identified as the predominant transformation product (TP). Quantitative analysis of ACE and SA revealed a closed mass balance during the entire test period and confirmed that ACE was quantitatively transformed to SA. Measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) revealed an almost complete removal of the carbon originating from ACE, thereby further confirming that SA is the only relevant final TP in the assumed degradation pathway of ACE. A first analysis of SA in three municipal WWTP revealed similar concentrations in influents and effluents with maximum concentrations of up to 2.3 mg/L. The high concentrations of SA in wastewater are in accordance with the extensive use of SA in acid cleaners, while the degradation of ACE in WWTPs adds only a very small portion of the total load of SA discharged into surface waters. No removal of SA was observed by the biological treatment applied at these WWTPs. Moreover, SA was also stable in the aerobic batch experiments conducted with the filter sand from a water works. Hence, SA might be a more appropriate wastewater tracer than ACE due to its chemical and microbiological persistence, the negligible sorbing affinity (high negative charge density) and its elevated concentrations in WWTP effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Castronovo
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Arne Wick
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Marco Scheurer
- DVGW Water Technology Center Karlsruhe (TZW), Department of Analyses and Water Quality, Karlsruher Str. 84, D-76139 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karsten Nödler
- DVGW Water Technology Center Karlsruhe (TZW), Department of Analyses and Water Quality, Karlsruher Str. 84, D-76139 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manoj Schulz
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Thomas A Ternes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany.
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47
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Xu Y, Yuan Z, Ni BJ. Biotransformation of acyclovir by an enriched nitrifying culture. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 170:25-32. [PMID: 27974268 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluates the biodegradation of the antiviral drug acyclovir by an enriched nitrifying culture during ammonia oxidation and without the addition of ammonium. The study on kinetics was accompanied with the structural elucidation of biotransformation products through batch biodegradation experiments at two different initial levels of acyclovir (15 mg L-1 and 15 μg L-1). The pseudo first order kinetic studies of acyclovir in the presence of ammonium indicated the higher degradation rates under higher ammonia oxidation rates than those constant degradation rates in the absence of ammonium. The positive correlation was found between acyclovir degradation rate and ammonia oxidation rate, confirming the cometabolism of acyclovir by the enriched nitrifying culture in the presence of ammonium. Formation of the product carboxy-acyclovir (P239) indicated the main biotransformation pathway was aerobic oxidation of the terminal hydroxyl group, which was independent on the metabolic type (i.e. cometabolism or metabolism). This enzyme-linked reaction might be catalyzed by monooxygenase from ammonia oxidizing bacteria or heterotrophs. The formation of carboxy-acyclovir was demonstrated to be irrelevant to the acyclovir concentrations applied, indicating the revealed biotransformation pathway might be the dominant removal pathway of acyclovir in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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48
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Men Y, Achermann S, Helbling DE, Johnson DR, Fenner K. Relative contribution of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and other members of nitrifying activated sludge communities to micropollutant biotransformation. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 109:217-226. [PMID: 27898334 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Improved micropollutant (MP) biotransformation during biological wastewater treatment has been associated with high ammonia oxidation activities, suggesting co-metabolic biotransformation by ammonia oxidizing bacteria as an underlying mechanism. The goal of this study was to clarify the contribution of ammonia oxidizing bacteria to increased MP degradation in nitrifying activated sludge (NAS) communities using a series of inhibition experiments. To this end, we treated a NAS community with two different ammonia oxidation inhibitors, namely octyne (OCT), a mechanistic inhibitor that covalently binds to ammonia monooxygenases, and allylthiourea (ATU), a copper chelator that depletes copper ions from the active center of ammonia monooxygenases. We investigated the biotransformation of 79 structurally different MPs by the inhibitor-treated and untreated sludge communities. Fifty-five compounds exhibited over 20% removal in the untreated control after a 46 h-incubation. Of these, 31 compounds were significantly inhibited by either ATU and/or OCT. For 17 of the 31 MPs, the inhibition by ATU at 46 h was substantially higher than by OCT despite the full inhibition of ammonia oxidation by both inhibitors. This was particularly the case for almost all thioether and phenylurea compounds tested, suggesting that in nitrifying activated sludge communities, ATU does not exclusively act as an inhibitor of bacterial ammonia oxidation. Rather, ATU also inhibited enzymes contributing to MP biotransformation but not to bulk ammonia oxidation. Thus, inhibition studies with ATU tend to overestimate the contribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria to MP biotransformation in nitrifying activated sludge communities. Biolog tests revealed only minor effects of ATU on the heterotrophic respiration of common organic substrates by the sludge community, suggesting that ATU did not affect enzymes that were essential in energy conservation and central metabolism of heterotrophs. By comparing ATU- and OCT-treated samples, as well as before and after ammonia oxidation was recovered in OCT-treated samples, we were able to demonstrate that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were highly involved in the biotransformation of four compounds: asulam, clomazone, monuron and trimethoprim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Men
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Stefan Achermann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Damian E Helbling
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - David R Johnson
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Archundia D, Duwig C, Lehembre F, Chiron S, Morel MC, Prado B, Bourdat-Deschamps M, Vince E, Aviles GF, Martins JMF. Antibiotic pollution in the Katari subcatchment of the Titicaca Lake: Major transformation products and occurrence of resistance genes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 576:671-682. [PMID: 27810754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies pointed out the ubiquitous presence of medical residues in surface and ground water as well as in soil compartments. Not only antibiotics can be found in the environment but also their transformation products about which little information is generally available. The development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is particularly worrying as it can lead to sanitary and health problems. Studies about the dissemination of antibiotics and associated resistances in the Bolivian Altiplano are scarce. We provide baseline information on the occurrence of Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and Trimethoprim (TMP) antibiotics as well as on the most common human SMX transformation products (TP) and on the occurrence of sulfonamide resistance genes. The studied water and soil compartments presented high levels of antibiotic pollution. This situation was shown to be mainly linked with uncontrolled discharges of treated and untreated wastewaters, resulting on the presence of antibiotics in the Titicaca Lake. SMX TPs were detected in surface waters and on soil sampled next to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). SMX resistance genes sulI and sulII were widely detected in the basin hydrological network, even in areas unpolluted with antibiotics. Mechanisms of co-selection of antibiotic- and metal- resistance may be involved in the prevalence of ARG's in pristine areas with no anthropogenic activity and free of antibiotic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Archundia
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), México, D.F., Mexico; ERNO, Instituto de Geologia, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - C Duwig
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LTHE, F38000 Grenoble, France; IRD, LTHE, F38000 Grenoble, France
| | - F Lehembre
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LTHE, F38000 Grenoble, France
| | - S Chiron
- UMR HydroSciences 5569, Montpellier University, 15 Avenue Ch. Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - M-C Morel
- CNAM, Laboratoire d'analyses chimiques et bio analyses, Paris Cedex 3, France
| | - B Prado
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - M Bourdat-Deschamps
- INRA AgroParisTech UMR ECOSYS, Bat. EGER Thiverval-Grignon, F-78850 Paris, France
| | - E Vince
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LTHE, F38000 Grenoble, France
| | - G Flores Aviles
- MMAyA, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Agua (Ministry of Water and Environment of Bolivia), La Paz, Bolivia
| | - J M F Martins
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LTHE, F38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LTHE, F38000 Grenoble, France
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50
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Koba O, Golovko O, Kodešová R, Fér M, Grabic R. Antibiotics degradation in soil: A case of clindamycin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and their transformation products. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:1251-1263. [PMID: 27838062 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Twelve different soil types that represent the soil compartments of the Czech Republic were fortified with three antibiotics (clindamycin (CLI), sulfamethoxazole (SUL), and trimethoprim (TRI)) to investigate their fate. Five metabolites (clindamycin sulfoxide (CSO), hydroxy clindamycin sulfoxide (HCSO), S-(SDC) and N-demethyl clindamycin (NDC), N4-acetyl sulfamethoxazole (N4AS), and hydroxy trimethoprim (HTR)) were detected and identified using HPLC/HRMS and HRPS in the soil matrix in this study. The identities of CSO and N4AS were confirmed using commercially available reference standards. The parent compounds degraded in all soils. Almost all of the metabolites have been shown to be persistent in soils, with the exception of N4AS, which was formed and degraded completely within 23 days of exposure. The rate of degradation mainly depended on the soil properties. The PCA results showed a high dependence between the soil type and behaviour of the pharmaceutical metabolites. The mentioned metabolites can be formed in soils, and the most persistent ones may be transported to the ground water and environmental water bodies. Because no information on the effects of those metabolites on living organism are available, more studies should be performed in the future to predict the risk to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Koba
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czechia.
| | - Oksana Golovko
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czechia
| | - Radka Kodešová
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Fér
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czechia
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