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Dumas T, Gomez E, Boccard J, Ramirez G, Armengaud J, Escande A, Mathieu O, Fenet H, Courant F. Mixture effects of pharmaceuticals carbamazepine, diclofenac and venlafaxine on Mytilus galloprovincialis mussel probed by metabolomics and proteogenomics combined approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168015. [PMID: 37879482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to single molecules under laboratory conditions has led to a better understanding of the mechanisms of action (MeOAs) and effects of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) on non-target organisms. However, not taking the co-occurrence of contaminants in the environment and their possible interactions into account may lead to underestimation of their impacts. In this study, we combined untargeted metabolomics and proteogenomics approaches to assess the mixture effects of diclofenac, carbamazepine and venlafaxine on marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Our multi-omics approach and data fusion strategy highlighted how such xenobiotic cocktails induce important cellular changes that can be harmful to marine bivalves. This response is mainly characterized by energy metabolism disruption, fatty acid degradation, protein synthesis and degradation, and the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. The known MeOAs and molecular signatures of PhACs were taken into consideration to gain insight into the mixture effects, thereby revealing a potential additive effect. Multi-omics approaches on mussels as sentinels offer a comprehensive overview of molecular and cellular responses triggered by exposure to contaminant mixtures, even at environmental concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Dumas
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elena Gomez
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Boccard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Gaëlle Ramirez
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPI, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Aurélie Escande
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Mathieu
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Fenet
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédérique Courant
- HydroSciences Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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P A, S V, G S, M R. Sustainable development and analysis of a novel bio-derived (biochar) nanocomposite for the remediation of carbamazepine from aqueous solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140696. [PMID: 37977531 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical compounds in aqueous environments has become a growing concern due to their potential adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. In this work, synthesis of a novel bio based nanocomposite using a biowaste, palm seed is employed for the preparation of biochar. The bio derived nanocomposite consist of polypyrrole (Ppy), graphene oxide (GO), and biochar, is employed for the Carbamazepine (CBZ) removal. The synthesized nanocomposite, Ppy-GO-Biochar, is characterized using various analytical techniques. The characterization results confirmed the successful synthesis of the Ppy-GO-Biochar nanocomposite with the desired morphology and structural properties. The effect of variables is investigated and the optimum conditions are found as: pH (7.8), adsorbent dosage (1.4 g/L), agitation speed (200 rpm) and temperature (39.5 °C). The results demonstrated that a removal efficiency of over 97.74% and uptake of 45.045 mg/g is achieved for CBZ. Furthermore, the CBZ removal followed pseudo-second-order, indicating chemisorption as the predominant mechanism. The CBZ sorption equilibrium is well represented by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. Thermodynamic results show that CBZ sorption is endothermic and spontaneous. Mechanism of CBZ sorption using the synthesized nanocomposite follows π-π interaction and electrostatic attraction. Molecular docking studies were also performed for the sorption of CBZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agilandeswari P
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Venkateshbabu S
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, JCT College of Engineering &Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sarojini G
- Department of Food Technology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Engineering, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rajasimman M
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, Tamilnadu, India
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3
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Garduño-Jiménez AL, Durán-Álvarez JC, Ortori CA, Abdelrazig S, Barrett DA, Gomes RL. Delivering on sustainable development goals in wastewater reuse for agriculture: Initial prioritization of emerging pollutants in the Tula Valley, Mexico. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 238:119903. [PMID: 37121200 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater reuse for agricultural irrigation is a widespread beneficial practice, in line with the sustainable development goals. However, contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) present in wastewater, such as pharmaceuticals, pose an environmental risk. The Tula Valley in Mexico is one of the world's largest agricultural areas reusing wastewater for agriculture. However, no untargeted CEC monitoring has been undertaken there, limiting the information available to prioritise local environmental risk assessment. Furthermore, CEC environmental presence in the Global South remains understudied, compared to the Global North. There is a risk that current research efforts focus on CECs predominantly found in the Global North, leading to strategies that may not be appropriate for the Global South where the pollution profile may be different. To address these knowledge gaps, a sampling campaign at five key sites in the Tula Valley was undertaken and samples analysed using multi-residue targeted and untargeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods. Using the targeted data, ten CECs were found to be of environmental risk for at least one sampling site: 4‑tert-octylphenol, acetaminophen, bezafibrate, diclofenac, erythromycin, levonorgestrel, simvastatin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and tramadol as well as total estrogenicity (combination of three steroid hormones). Six of these have not been previously quantified in the Tula Valley. Over one hundred pollutants never previously measured in the area were identified through untargeted analysis supported by library spectrum match. Examples include diclofenac and carbamazepine metabolites and area-specific pollutants such as the herbicide fomesafen. This research contributes to characterising the presence of CECs in the Global South, as well as providing site-specific data for the Tula Valley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea-Lorena Garduño-Jiménez
- Food Water Waste Research Group. Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Juan-Carlos Durán-Álvarez
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Catharine A Ortori
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Salah Abdelrazig
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - David A Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel L Gomes
- Food Water Waste Research Group. Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
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Del Carmen Gómez-Regalado M, Martín J, Hidalgo F, Santos JL, Aparicio I, Alonso E, Zafra-Gómez A. Bioconcentration of pharmaceuticals in benthic marine organisms (Holothuria tubulosa, Anemonia sulcata and Actinia equina) exposed to environmental contamination by atenolol and carbamazepine. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104147. [PMID: 37182729 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The present work assess the bioconcentration kinetics of atenolol (ATN) and carbamazepine (CBZ) in common marine organisms including Holothuria tubulosa, Anemonia sulcata and Actinia equina under controlled laboratory conditions. CBZ exhibited higher uptake and excretion rates resulting higher bioconcentration factor (BCF) (41-537L/kg for CBZ vs 7-50L/kg for ATN) although both are below the limits established by the European Union (EU). The measured BCF using kinetic data showed some differences with those predicted using the concentrations measured at the steady-state, probably explained because the steady state was not ready reached. The animal-specific BCF followed the order of Holothuria tubulosa >Actinia equina >Anemonia sulcata for ATN while was the opposite for CBZ. The study highlighted between-tissues differences in the digestive tract and the body wall of the Holothuria tubulosa. The work presented is the first to model bioconcentration of ATN and CBZ in holothurian and anemone animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Martín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África 7, E-41011 Seville, Spain.
| | - Felix Hidalgo
- Department of Zoology, Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África 7, E-41011 Seville, Spain
| | - Irene Aparicio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África 7, E-41011 Seville, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África 7, E-41011 Seville, Spain
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, INYTA, University of Granada, Spain.
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5
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Beretsou VG, Nika MC, Manoli K, Michael C, Sui Q, Lundy L, Revitt DM, Thomaidis NS, Fatta-Kassinos D. Multiclass target analysis of contaminants of emerging concern including transformation products, soil bioavailability assessment and retrospective screening as tools to evaluate risks associated with reclaimed water reuse. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158391. [PMID: 36049679 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of 200 multiclass contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) encompassing 168 medicinal products and transformation products (TPs), 5 artificial sweeteners, 12 industrial chemicals, and 15 other compounds was investigated in influent and effluent wastewater samples collected during 7 consecutive days from 5 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in Cyprus. The methodology included a generic solid-phase extraction protocol using mixed-bed cartridges followed by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) analysis. A total of 63 CECs were detected at least in one sample, with 52 and 55 out of the 200 compounds detected in influents and effluents, respectively. Ten (10) out of the 24 families of parent compounds and associated TPs were found in the wastewater samples (influent or effluent). 1-H-benzotriazole, carbamazepine, citalopram, lamotrigine, sucralose, tramadol, and venlafaxine (>80 % frequency of appearance in effluents) were assessed with respect to their bioavailability in soil as part of different scenarios of irrigation with reclaimed water following a qualitative approach. A high score of 12 (high probability) was predicted for 2 scenarios, a low score of 3 (rare occasions) for 2 scenarios, while the rest 28 scenarios had scores 5-8 (unlikely or limited possibility) and 9-11 (possibly). Retrospective screening was performed with the use of a target database of 2466 compounds and led to the detection of 158 additional compounds (medicinal products (65), medicinal products TPs (15), illicit drugs (7), illicit drugs TPs (3), industrial chemicals (11), plant protection products (25), plant protection products TPs (10), and various other compounds (22). This work aspires to showcase how the presence of CECs in wastewater could be investigated and assessed at WWTP level, including an expert-based methodology for assessing the soil bioavailability of CECs, with the aim to develop sustainable practices and enhance reclaimed water reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki G Beretsou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Nireas-International Water Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria-Christina Nika
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Manoli
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Costas Michael
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Qian Sui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lian Lundy
- Middlesex University, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, London NW4 4BT, United Kingdom
| | - D Michael Revitt
- Middlesex University, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, London NW4 4BT, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Nireas-International Water Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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6
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Tang J, Zhang J, Su L, Jia Y, Yang Y. Bioavailability and trophic magnification of antibiotics in aquatic food webs of Pearl River, China: Influence of physicochemical characteristics and biotransformation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153285. [PMID: 35066051 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Information on trophodynamics of antibiotics and subsequent relationships to antibiotic metabolism in river ecosystem is still unavailable, limiting the evaluation of their bioaccumulation and trophodynamics in aquatic food webs. In the present study, concentrations and relative abundance of 11 antibiotics were investigated in surface water, sediment and 22 aquatic taxa (e.g., fish, invertebrates and plankton) from Pearl River, South China. The logarithmic bioaccumulation factors (log BAFs) of antibiotics generally showed positive relationships with their log D (pH-adjusted log Kow), implying that their bioaccumulation of ionizable antibiotics depends on it is in an ionized form. Higher BAFs of antibiotics in benthic biota were observed than those in fish, indicating that sediment ingestion was a possible route of antibiotic exposure. The logarithmic biota-sediment accumulation factors (log BSAFs) of benthic biota increased when log D increased from -4.79 to -0.01, but declined thereafter. Trophodynamics of antibiotics was investigated, and intrinsic clearance were measured in liver microsomes of Tilapia zillii (trophic level [TL]: 2.5), Anabas testudineu (TL: 3.9), and Coilia grayi (TL: 5.0). Only ciprofloxacin (CFX) showed significant trophic magnification (Trophic Magnification Factor [TMF] = 1.95), and a higher metabolism rate in lower trophic levels suggest that metabolic biotransformation play a significant role in driving biomagnification of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Tang
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, PR China.
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Linhui Su
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Research Center of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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7
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Wang F, Gao J, Li P, Jiang S, Wu J, Yao Z. Herbicidal activity and differential metabolism of lactofen in rat and loach on an enantiomeric level. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:28307-28316. [PMID: 34993807 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselectivity of chiral compounds is receiving growing concern. Lactofen, a chiral herbicide widely used in field crops and vegetables to control broadleaf weeds, is still sold as racemate. In this work, the herbicidal activity and metabolism behavior of lactofen were investigated on an enantiomeric level. Two common broadleaf weeds (Eclipta prostrata L. and Portulaca oleracea L.) were used to evaluate the herbicidal activity of rac-/R- and S-lactofen, and their metabolism behavior in loach and rat liver microsomes was explored. Higher herbicidal activity of S-lactofen was observed, with the 20d-EC50 values being 1.9-3.4 times lower than R-lactofen. Both loach and rat liver microsomes had ability to metabolize rac-lactofen, with half-lives of 1.93 and 1.28 h, respectively. Enantioselective metabolism behaviors were observed in loach and rat liver microsomes and the direction of enantioselectivity were different. R-lactofen was preferentially metabolized in loach liver microsome, while S-lactofen was preferentially metabolized in rat liver microsome. No interconversion of R- and S-lactofen was found. Besides, the main metabolic pathways of R- and S-lactofen were found to be significantly different. R-lactofen was metabolized to R-desethyl lactofen in both loach and rat liver microsomes without further metabolism. However, S-lactofen was metabolized to both S-desethyl lactofen and acifluorfene in rat liver microsome, which was mainly metabolized to acifluorfene in loach liver microsome. This study indicated enantioselectivity and metabolites should be taken into consideration when overall evaluating the environmental behavior of lactofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Peize Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanxue Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxue Wu
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiliang Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Maculewicz J, Kowalska D, Świacka K, Toński M, Stepnowski P, Białk-Bielińska A, Dołżonek J. Transformation products of pharmaceuticals in the environment: Their fate, (eco)toxicity and bioaccumulation potential. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149916. [PMID: 34525754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, a huge scientific attention is being paid to the chemicals of emerging concern, which may pose a significant risk to the human and whole ecosystems. Among them, residues of pharmaceuticals are a widely investigated group of chemicals. In recent years it has been repeatedly demonstrated that pharmaceuticals are present in the environment and that some of them can be toxic to organisms as well as accumulate in their tissues. However, even though the knowledge of the presence, fate and possible threats posed by the parent forms of pharmaceuticals is quite extensive, their transformation products (TPs) have been disregarded for long time. Since last few years, this aspect has gained more scientific attention and recently published papers proved their common presence in the environment. Also the interest in terms of their toxicity, bioconcentration and stability in the environment has increased. Therefore, the aim of our paper was to revise and assess the current state of knowledge on the fate and effects resulting from the presence of the pharmaceuticals' transformation drugs in the environment. This review discusses the metabolites of compounds belonging to six major pharmaceutical groups: SSRIs, anticancer drugs, antibiotics, antihistamines, NSAIDs and opioids, additionally discussing other individual compounds for which literature data exist. The data presented in this paper prove that some TPs may be as harmful as their native forms, however for many groups of drugs this data is still insufficient to assess the risk posed by their presence in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Maculewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Kowalska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Świacka
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Michał Toński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Białk-Bielińska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Dołżonek
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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9
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Gao J, Wang F, Cui J, Zhang Q, Wang P, Liu D, Zhou Z. Assessment of toxicity and environmental behavior of chiral ethiprole and its metabolites using zebrafish model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125492. [PMID: 33647613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethiprole is effective against a wide range of insects and has been used throughout the world. In this work, the toxicity, bioaccumulation and elimination of ethiprole and its main metabolites (ethiprole sulfone (M1), ethiprole sulfide (M2), ethiprole amide (M3), ethiprole sulfone amide (M4) and desethylsulfinyl ethiprole (M5)) in zebrafish Danio rerio were investigated at enantiomeric level. Rac-ethiprole showed high toxicity (96 h LC50 = 708 μg L-1) and M2 was six times more toxic than ethiprole (111 μg L-1). Enantioselective toxicity was observed, with the S-ethiprole (924 μg L-1) being more toxic than R-ethiprole (2195 μg·L-1). Rac-ethiprole and M2 could induce oxidative stress in the liver of adult zebrafish and developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish were exposed to 100 μg L-1 rac-/R-/S-ethiprole and the bioaccumulation was monitored during a 21 d period followed by a 7 d metabolism. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of rac-ethiprole was 17, and the half-lives of rac-ethiprole and metabolites varied between 0.44 and 2.99 d. R-ethiprole was preferentially accumulated and metabolized in zebrafish. Besides, the metabolic pathways of R- and S-ethiprole were found to be different. This study indicated assessment of metabolites and enantioselectivity should be taken into consideration in evaluating environmental risks of ethiprole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jingna Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China
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10
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Doria HB, Pfenninger M. A multigenerational approach can detect early Cd pollution in Chironomus riparius. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127815. [PMID: 32768752 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential highly toxic metal and its presence in the environment has been a concern over the years. On the present study we adopt the spiked water exposure scenario to study early Cd contamination across five generations of the model organism Chironomus riparius. Animals were, at the beginning of each generation, submitted to 0, 1, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 μg/L of Cd. Classical endpoints like total emergence, EmT50, fertility and the integrative fitness measure, population growth rate (PGR), were calculated at each generation. Results could demonstrate that exposure to brief and low Cd concentrations can affect all the measured endpoints and, therefore, initial Cd pollution in previously unpolluted sites can be detected after just five consecutive generations. Importantly, at 100 μg/L of Cd fertility was greatly impaired after three generations. Also, PGR calculation is a sensitive tool for monitoring early pollution of Cd. Yet, no adaptation to Cd over five generations could be observed on the present experimental setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Binde Doria
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, D-60325, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
| | - Markus Pfenninger
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, D-60325, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany; Department of Molecular Ecology, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, D-60325, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany; Institute for Molecular and Organismic Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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11
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Khan HK, Rehman MYA, Malik RN. Fate and toxicity of pharmaceuticals in water environment: An insight on their occurrence in South Asia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 271:111030. [PMID: 32778310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds are newly recognized micropollutants which are ubiquitous in aquatic environment mainly due to direct discharge of treated and untreated wastewater from wastewater treatment plants. These contaminants have attracted mounted attention due to their toxic effects on aquatic life. They disrupt biological processes in non-target lower organisms upon exposure. Biodegradation, photo-degradation, and sorption are key processes which determine their fate in the environment. A variety of conventional and advanced treatment processes had been extensively investigated for the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater. However, due to structural complexity and varying operating parameters, complete removal seems ideal. Generally, due to high energy requirement of advanced treatment technology, it is considered cost ineffective. Transport of pharmaceutical compounds occurs via aquatic channels whereas sediments and aquatic colloids play a significant role as sinks for these contaminants. The current review provides a critical understanding of fate and toxicity of pharmaceutical compounds and highlights their vulnerability and occurrence in South Asia. Antibiotics, analgesics, and psychiatric drugs were found predominantly in the water environment of South Asian regions. Despite significant advances in understanding pharmaceuticals fate, toxicity, and associated risks since the 1990s, still substantial data gaps in terms of monitoring, human health risks, and legislation exist which presses the need to develop a more in-depth and interdisciplinary understanding of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudda Khaleeq Khan
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasir Abdur Rehman
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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12
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Planelló R, Herrero O, García P, Beltrán EM, Llorente L, Sánchez-Argüello P. Developmental/reproductive effects and gene expression variations in Chironomus riparius after exposure to reclaimed water and its fortification with carbamazepine and triclosan. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 178:115790. [PMID: 32334179 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The potential benefits of reclaimed water (RW) uses for environmental enhancement and restoration could become adverse impacts if RW does not meet the quality criteria that ensure wildlife preservation. RW can contain complex mixtures of micropollutants that may accumulate in sediment after environmental uses and affect benthic fauna. Therefore, we designed this study to assess the effects of RW on a sediment insect species used mainly in ecotoxicology (Chironomus riparius). Whole organism effects and gene expression were measured in a water sediment system after spiking RW as overlying water, which was renewed 3 times during the test. Development rate, emergence rate and fecundity were monitored after the 21-day exposure. Endocrine-related genes (EcR, ERR, E75, Vtg), cellular stress genes (hsp70, hsc70, hsp24, hsp10) and biotransformation genes (gp93, GSTd3, GPx, cyp4g) were assessed in larvae after the 10-day exposure. The experimental design also included single or binary fortifications of both test medium and RW, obtained by adding two emerging pollutants: carbamazepine (100 μg/L CBZ) and triclosan (20 μg/L TCS). The chemical characterisation of RW showed that 20 of the 23 screened emerging pollutants fell within the detection limit, 10 exceeded 0.01 μg/L (including CBZ) and three exceeded 0.1 μg/L (hydrochlorothiazide, atenolol, ibuprofen). The analytical measures of sediment (day 21) and overlying water (days 7, 14 and 21) were taken to know the water-sediment distribution of CBZ and TCS added to fortifications. CBZ distributed mainly in overlying water (110-164 μg/L and 73-100 μg/kg), while TCS showed a higher affinity to sediment (2.8-5.1 μg/L and 36-55 μg/kg). RW had significant effects in molecular terms (Vtg, hsp70, hsc70), but had no significant effects on the whole organism. Nevertheless, the single RW fortifications impaired both the development rate and fecundity, while the binary RW fortification impaired only fecundity. The most marked increase in EcR expression was observed for the binary RW fortification. Hsps, GSTd3 and cyp4g showed a similar tendency to that observed for EcR and Vtg in the binary and single RW fortifications. The binary mixture (CBZ and TCS together) in RW was toxic, but not in the medium tests. Therefore, the major concern of RW uses is apparently related to the interactivity between this complex matrix and any other pollutants possibly present in the environment where RW is applied. Our results underscore the need for raising awareness about RW effects, which can be achieved by ecotoxicological testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Planelló
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Herrero
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar García
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Crta A Coruña Km 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eulalia María Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Crta A Coruña Km 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lola Llorente
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Argüello
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Crta A Coruña Km 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Yang H, Lu G, Yan Z, Liu J, Dong H, Bao X, Zhang X, Sun Y. Residues, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in highly urbanized rivers affected by water diversion. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:122245. [PMID: 32062346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Little information is available on the bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in urban rivers system, particularly for those affected by water transfer. Herein, a comprehensive study was conducted to investigate the biological residues, bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of 45 PPCPs in the Nanjing Qinhuai River system under the background of water diversion projects. A total of 30 compounds were detected with a descending order of overall concentration as plankton > benthic mollusc > fish (except grass carp). Higher biological residues were observed in the downstream than those in the upstream, with the largest increase for fish (136.4 %) and the lowest increase for phytoplankton (5.4 %). However, the bioaccumulation classifications of most PPCPs were unchanged among the three different water-diversion regions. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) of organic UV filters (homosalate, oxybenzone, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and octocrylene) ranged from 1.23 to 2.04, suggesting trophic magnification potential, while trophic dilution for pharmaceuticals (sertraline, citalopram, caffeine and roxithromycin) with TMFs of 0.42 to 0.50 were observed. A notable positive correlation was observed between the pH-dependent distribution coefficient (logDow) and the TMFs of the PPCPs (P < 0.05). Although the human health hazard assessment indicated no immediate health risk via the consumption of freshwater food, attention should be paid to the joint effects of PPCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Water Conservancy Project & Civil Engineering College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China.
| | - Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Huike Dong
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xuhui Bao
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xiadong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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14
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Pohl J, Golovko O, Carlsson G, Eriksson J, Glynn A, Örn S, Weiss J. Carbamazepine Ozonation Byproducts: Toxicity in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Embryos and Chemical Stability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:2913-2921. [PMID: 31990190 PMCID: PMC7307904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an anticonvulsant medication with highly persistent properties in the aquatic environment, where it has the potential to affect nontarget biota. Because CBZ and many other pharmaceuticals are not readily removed in conventional sewage treatment plants (STP), additional STP effluent treatment technologies are being evaluated and implemented. Whole effluent ozonation is a prospective method to remove pharmaceuticals such as CBZ, yet knowledge on the toxicity of CBZ ozonation byproducts (OBPs) is lacking. This study presents, for the first time, in vivo individual and mixture toxicity of four putative OBPs, that is, carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide, 10,11-Dihydrocarbamazepine, 1-(2-benzaldehyde)-4-hydro-(1H,3H)-quinazoline-2-one (BQM), and 1-(2-benzaldehyde)-(1H,3H)-quinazoline-2,4-dione (BQD) in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. BQM and BQD were isolated from the ozonated solution as they were not commercially available. The study confirmed that the OBP mixture caused embryotoxic responses comparable to that of ozonated CBZ. Individual compound embryotoxicity assessment further revealed that BQM and BQD were the drivers of embryotoxicity. OBP chemical stability in ozonated CBZ water solution during 2 week dark storage at 22 °C was also assessed. The OBP concentrations remained over time, except for BQD which decreased by 94%. Meanwhile, ozonated CBZ persistently induced embryotoxicity over 2 week storage, potentially illustrating environmental concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Pohl
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala 750 07, Sweden
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department
of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala 750 07, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Carlsson
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala 750 07, Sweden
| | - Johan Eriksson
- Department
of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Anders Glynn
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala 750 07, Sweden
| | - Stefan Örn
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala 750 07, Sweden
| | - Jana Weiss
- Department
of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
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15
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Deviller G, Lundy L, Fatta-Kassinos D. Recommendations to derive quality standards for chemical pollutants in reclaimed water intended for reuse in agricultural irrigation. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124911. [PMID: 31726614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of treated municipal wastewater (herein referred to as reclaimed water) in agricultural irrigation (RWAI) as a means to alleviate water scarcity is gaining increasing policy attention, particularly in areas where water demand mitigation measures have proved insufficient. However, reclaimed water reuse in practice is lagging behind policy ambition, with <2.5% of it reused in a European context. A key barrier identified as limiting its full valorisation is concern over its impact on human and environmental health. To address this concern, and to meet further objectives including achieving parity between current reclaimed water reuse guidelines operational in various Member States, the European Commission has proposed a regulation which identifies minimum quality requirements (MQR) for a range of microbiological and physico-chemical parameters but the inclusion of compounds of emerging concern (CECs) in terms of the determination of quality standards (QS) is missing. This paper reviews the existing pertinent EU legislation in terms of identifying the need for CEC QS for RWAI, considering the scope and remit of on-going pan-European chemicals prioritisation schemes. It also evaluates opportunities to link in with the existing EQS derivation methodology under the EU WFD to address all protection targets in the environmental compartments exposed via potential pathways of RWAI. Finally, it identifies the main data gaps and research needs for terrestrial ecosystems, the removal efficiency of CECs by WWTPs and transformation products generated during the wastewater reuse cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lian Lundy
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, UK
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nireas-International Water Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
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16
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Ma P, Li H, You J. Full-Life Cycle Toxicity Assessment of Sediment-Bound DDT and Its Degradation Products on Chironomus dilutus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2698-2707. [PMID: 31499584 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Because of its hydrophobicity and persistence, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is ubiquitous in sediments and poses significant risk to benthic organisms. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the long-term toxicity of DDT. However, limited information is available on its chronic toxicity to benthic invertebrates. Full-life cycle toxicity of sediment-bound DDT to Chironomus dilutus was assessed. Median lethal concentrations (with 95% confidence limits) of DDT and its degradation products (DDX) to C. dilutus were 334 (165-568), 21.4 (11.2-34.3), and 7.50 (4.61-10.6) nmol/g organic carbon after 10-, 20-, and 63-d exposure, respectively. In addition, median effect concentrations of DDX were 20.0 (15.0-25.3), 7.13 (4.10-10.5), and 8.92 (3.32-15.1) nmol/g organic carbon for growth, emergence, and reproduction, respectively. A toxicity spectrum was established to visually summarize chronic effects of DDX to midges. In addition, DDT degraded to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) during sediment aging, and their toxicity differed from that of the parent compound. Predicted toxic units of DDX in porewater were utilized to distinguish between toxicity from DDT and that of DDD and DDE. The results showed that DDD was the main contributor to the toxicity in C. dilutus. To improve the accuracy of sediment risk assessment of DDT, the composition of DDX should be considered. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2698-2707. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Heye K, Graumnitz S, Rybicki M, Schür C, Völker J, Wick A, Oehlmann J, Jungmann D, Oetken M. Laboratory-to-field extrapolation: Increase in carbamazepine toxicity in a higher tier, multiple-stress experiment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109481. [PMID: 31442800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity and environmental risk of chemicals, such as the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ), is commonly assessed using standardized laboratory tests and laboratory-to-field extrapolation. To investigate the toxicity of CBZ to aquatic key organisms in a more complex and environmentally relevant scenario, we conducted a 32-day multiple-stress experiment in artificial indoor streams. We exposed the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius, the blackworm Lumbriculus variegatus, and the New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum to 80 and 400 μg CBZ/L in six artificial indoor streams. In addition to hydraulic stress, species' interaction, and low organic content in the sediment, organisms were co-exposed to the herbicide terbutryn (TBY) as a second chemical stressor at a concentration of 6 μg/L. The exposure to CBZ under multiple stress conditions resulted in a 10- to more than 25-fold higher toxicity in C. riparius and P. antipodarum when compared to a previous, standardized laboratory experiment. The co-exposure to TBY enhanced the adverse effects of CBZ on snails (reduced production of embryos). This effect was additive as the single exposure to TBY also reduced the reproduction of snails, most likely through the reduction of biofilm biomass. The emergence of C. riparius declined at a CBZ concentration of 400 μg/L (without the co-exposure to TBY) and at 80 μg/L in combination with TBY. The difference in sensitivity between laboratory and indoor stream experiments is indicative of a potential underestimation of risk when toxicity data are extrapolated to field conditions. The present results suggest the inclusion of non-chemical and chemical stressors in environmental hazard and risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Heye
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Vali Consulting GmbH, Im Technologiepark 5, 69469 Weinheim, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Graumnitz
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zellescher Weg 40, 01217, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcus Rybicki
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zellescher Weg 40, 01217, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Schür
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Völker
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Norwegien University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Wick
- German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Jungmann
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zellescher Weg 40, 01217, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Oetken
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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18
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Han S, Hassan SU, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Liu H, Zhang S, Li J, Wang Z, Zhao C. Significance of Activated Carbon Fiber as Cathode in Electro/Fe3+/Peroxydisulfate Oxidation Process for Removing Carbamazepine in Aqueous Environment. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Han
- College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, P. R. China
| | - Shabi Ul Hassan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, P. R. China
| | - Yunhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, P. R. China
| | - Hongguang Liu
- College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, P. R. China
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation, Shihezi 832000, P. R. China
| | - Sen Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Li
- College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, P. R. China
| | - Chun Zhao
- College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, P. R. China
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19
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Campos D, Silva ARR, Loureiro S, Grabicová K, Staňová AV, Soares AMVM, Pestana JLT. Two-generational effects of Benzophenone-3 on the aquatic midge Chironomus riparius. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 669:983-990. [PMID: 30970465 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic UV-filters are emergent contaminants continuously released into the aquatic ecosystems. These compounds are persistent showing potential for bioaccumulation. Partial life-cycle tests may underestimate the toxicity of UV-filters especially since these compounds have shown to act as endocrine disruptors. In the present study, the benthic aquatic insect Chironomus riparius was exposed to a gradient of Benzophenone-3 (BP3) concentrations over two generations to assess effects over a full life cycle from the first-instar larvae in the parental (P) generation (emergence, fecundity and fertility) until emergence in the subsequent generation (filial - F1). Recovery from exposure was also assessed after one generational exposure. Our results showed that concentrations of up to 8mg BP3/kg, elicited no effects regarding emergence rate and development time of C. riparius in the P generation. Our results also showed that C. riparius fecundity was not affected by BP3 exposure, but a strong dose-response relationship was observed for fertility with none of the egg ropes hatching at 8mg BP3/kg. Regarding effects observed in the F1 generation, emergence and development time were impaired by continuous exposure to BP3. Moreover, reduced emergence and changes in development time were observed in the F1 generation maintained in control/clean conditions but whose parents were exposed to BP3. Results found in this two-generational study clearly show reproductive effects of BP3 on C. riparius that would not be detected using standard tests. Full life cycle and multigenerational assays are critical to properly evaluate the population level effects of endocrine disrupting compounds such as organic UV-filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Campos
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Rita R Silva
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 725/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Vojs Staňová
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 725/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic; Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ilkovicova 6, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João L T Pestana
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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20
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Wang L, Zhou L, Fan D, Wang Z, Gu W, Shi L, Liu J, Yang J. Bisphenol P activates hormonal genes and introduces developmental outcomes in Chironomus tentans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:675-682. [PMID: 30878007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The endocrine disrupting properties of bisphenol A (BPA) discharged to the environment have been newly identified by the European Chemicals Agency, increasing the need to assess the environmental endocrine disrupting potentials of its alternatives with which it shares close structural features. However, few investigations of the environmental endocrine disrupting functions of BPA analogs have been conducted to date. In this study, the endocrine disrupting effects of a BPA analog of bisphenol P (BPP) were investigated in the nonbiting midge (Chironomus tentans), a model organism in ecotoxicology. An initial ex vivo test using salivary gland cells explanted from the larvae and a subsequent in vivo test using embryos and larvae revealed the upregulatory effects of BPP on ecdysone receptor genes encoding the ecdysone receptor (EcR) and the early responsive gene E74, with a similar temporal pattern of gene activation. Partial life cycle and full life cycle toxicity tests demonstrated BPP altered embryo hatching, larval emergence, and adult sex ratio at concentrations close to the effective concentrations for hormonal genetic endpoints in embryos and larvae after 48 h of exposure. Although embryos appeared to be more sensitive to BPP than the fourth instar larvae, the impact on neither life stage seemed enough to estimate the developmental impairment of the insects. These results demonstrate the ecdysone pathway is a target of BPP, and that long-term exposure could cause apical effects on the development of C. tentans. The endocrine disrupting effects towards aquatic organisms, as well as the high persistence and bioconcentration potential, indicate an urgent need to assess the environmental risks associated with BPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Linjun Zhou
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Deling Fan
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Wen Gu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Lili Shi
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Jining Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
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21
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Pohl J, Ahrens L, Carlsson G, Golovko O, Norrgren L, Weiss J, Örn S. Embryotoxicity of ozonated diclofenac, carbamazepine, and oxazepam in zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 225:191-199. [PMID: 30875502 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues are polluting the surface water environments worldwide. Sewage and wastewater treatment, therefore, needs to be improved in order to remove pharmaceutical residues from the effluent. One such treatment improvement is effluent ozonation. Even though ozonation has proven to be very efficient in reducing pharmaceutical parent compound concentrations in wastewater effluents, much remains unclear regarding potentially toxic ozonation by-product (OBP) formation. In this study, we sought to elucidate the aquatic toxicity of ozonated pharmaceuticals in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos in a static 144 h post fertilization (hpf) fish embryotoxicity (ZFET) assay. Three pharmaceuticals commonly detected in wastewater effluents, i.e. carbamazepine, diclofenac, and oxazepam, were selected for testing. Toxicity was assessed before and after 1 min ozonation (0.053 mg L-1 peak O3 concentration) and 10 min ozonation (0.147 mg L-1 peak O3 concentration). Chemical analysis showed that carbamazepine and diclofenac were largely removed by ozone (90 ± 11% and 97 ± 3.8%), whereas oxazepam was removed to a lesser extent (19 ± 5.7%). The ZFET assay revealed diverging toxicities. Diclofenac embryotoxicity decreased with increasing ozonation. Oxazepam did not cause embryotoxicity in the ZFET assay either pre- or post ozonation, but larvae swimming activity was affected at 144 hpf. Carbamazepine embryotoxicity, on the other hand, increased with increasing ozonation. Chemical analysis showed the formation of two OBPs (carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide and 10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine), possibly explaining the increased embryotoxicity. The results of this study highlight the importance of new chemical and toxicological knowledge regarding the formation of OBPs in post-ozonated effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Pohl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Section for Organic Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Carlsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Section for Geochemistry and Hydrology, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Norrgren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jana Weiss
- Section for Organic Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Örn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Heye K, Lotz T, Wick A, Oehlmann J. Interactive effects of biotic and abiotic environmental stressors on carbamazepine toxicity in the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 156:92-101. [PMID: 30904714 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of contaminants in freshwater ecosystems can increase in combination with environmental stress, leading to a potential underestimation of risk in conventional assessments. The number of multiple-stress experiments in ecotoxicology is growing constantly, but pharmaceuticals have mostly been disregarded. As an omnipresent pharmaceutical in the water cycle, the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) was chosen as test substance for our 28-day binary stress experiments with the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius. Elevated population densities, food limitation, temperature, and a reduction of organic matter (OM) were chosen as relevant environmental stressors. In five stress intensities, they were combined with the 10% lethal concentration (LC10) of CBZ to investigate the joint effect of stress and CBZ exposure. We were able to demonstrate that the toxicity of CBZ increased with higher larval densities and reduced OM. Mortality of the midges exposed to CBZ increased by a factor of 1.69 with 100 larvae per vessel and by a factor of 2.87 at 0.25% OM compared to the conventional test protocol, while the stressors alone did not reduce survival. Conventional low-stress laboratory tests as conducted for the risk assessment of chemicals would have underestimated the toxicity of CBZ. Even though it is necessary that more than binary stressor combinations are included in future experiments, the present results extend our knowledge about the toxicity of pharmaceuticals, such as CBZ, in stressful environments and emphasize the importance of including pharmaceuticals in multiple stress experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Heye
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Lotz
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Arne Wick
- German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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23
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Nkoom M, Lu G, Liu J, Yang H, Dong H. Bioconcentration of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine and its physiological and biochemical effects on Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 172:11-18. [PMID: 30669069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its persistence, carbamazepine an antiepileptic drug is regularly detected in the aquatic environment. The motive for our research was to assess the bioconcentration, physiological and biochemical effects of carbamazepine in Daphnia magna. A 48 h aqueous exposure of carbamazepine yielded bioconcentration factors of 202.56 and 19.95 in Daphnia magna for the respective nominal treatments of 5 and 100 µg/L. Apparently, the inhibition of the capability of Daphnia magna to obtain food attributable to carbamazepine exposure will reduce their fitness to reproduce as well as to grow. Also, a significant alteration in the phototactic behaviour of Daphnia magna exposed to carbamazepine is maladaptive since it will increase their chance of being preyed upon in the surface water during daylight. Again, a significant decline in the acetylcholinesterase activity observed herein brings to light the neurotoxicity of carbamazepine to Daphnia magna. Moreover, significant inhibition of the superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase activities coupled with the simultaneous induction of the malondialdehyde content imply that carbamazepine evoked a life-threatening oxidative stress that overpowered the antioxidant defence system of Daphnia magna. These observations confirm that carbamazepine can accumulate and consequently cause negative physiological and biochemical changes to wild Daphnia magna populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nkoom
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Water Conservancy Project & Civil Engineering College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China.
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Haohan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Huike Dong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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24
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Heye K, Wiebusch J, Becker J, Rongstock L, Bröder K, Wick A, Schulte-Oehlmann U, Oehlmann J. Ecotoxicological characterization of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine using eight aquatic species: baseline study for future higher tier tests. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 54:441-451. [PMID: 30789049 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1562819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological effects of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) were investigated in one primary producer (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and seven invertebrate species (Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Gammarus fossarum, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Lumbriculus variegatus and Chironomus riparius) using OECD and US EPA guidelines for chronic toxicity testing. The present data set was used to conduct a hazard assessment for CBZ including confirmatory data. While most of our results were in accordance with previous studies, published effect data for C. dubia and D. pulex could not be confirmed, even though they have previously been considered to be the most sensitive invertebrate species to CBZ exposure. The non-biting midge, C. riparius, was the most sensitive test organism in the present study. From an EC10 of 406 µg/L and a no observed effect concentration (NOEC) of 400 µg/L, a predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) of 8 µg/L was calculated. With regard to realistic predicted and measured environmental concentrations, the environmental risk can be considered as low for CBZ when the assessment is based on laboratory-based effect data. To conduct a refined and more realistic assessment, this study provides foundational data for two future, higher tier studies: one multiple-stressor experiment and one mesocosm study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Heye
- a Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Janina Wiebusch
- a Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Johannes Becker
- a Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Lydia Rongstock
- a Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Kathrin Bröder
- b German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) , Koblenz , Germany
| | - Arne Wick
- b German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) , Koblenz , Germany
| | - Ulrike Schulte-Oehlmann
- a Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- a Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
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25
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Xie Z, Tang J, Wu X, Li X, Hua R. Bioconcentration, metabolism and the effects of tetracycline on multiple biomarkers in Chironomus riparius larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:1590-1598. [PMID: 30308927 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The antibiotic tetracycline (TC) is widespread in surface waters, but few data are available regarding its adverse effects on aquatic insects. In this study, we investigated the bioconcentration, metabolism, and effects of TC on Chironomus riparius larvae exposed to different concentrations of TC (1.83, 18.5 and 174 μg L-1) for 48 h. The bioconcentration factors were 3.65, 0.74 and 0.23 in larvae with exposure to 1.83, 18.5 and 174 μg L-1 TC, respectively. High concentration ratios of the metabolites anhydrotetracycline (0.56-0.60), 4-epitetracycline (0.43-0.69), and 4-epianhydrotetracycline (0.50-0.55) to the unmetabolized compound were found. Additionally, the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase were markedly inhibited with a significant increase in malondialdehyde contents at high exposure concentrations of TC (18.5 and 174 μg L-1). Moreover, significant up-regulation of heat shock genes (hsp70 and hsp27), the ecdysone receptor gene, and the E74 early ecdysone responsive gene was observed at all exposure concentrations except for hsp70 at 1.83 μg L-1. Collectively, these results suggested that TC was quickly absorbed and metabolized by C. riparius and resulted in molecular and biochemical disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xuede Li
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Rimao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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26
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Emara Y, Lehmann A, Siegert MW, Finkbeiner M. Modeling pharmaceutical emissions and their toxicity-related effects in life cycle assessment (LCA): A review. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2019; 15:6-18. [PMID: 30242966 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, worldwide detection of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in aquatic environments and the associated toxicological effects on wildlife and human health have become a matter of public and scientific debate. While life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) models are increasingly used to assess the potential eco- and human-toxicological effects of chemical emissions, few studies have looked into the issue of modeling pharmaceutical emissions specifically and their toxicity-related effects in an LCA context. This paper reviews the state of the art to inventory and characterize API emissions in LCA with the goal to identify relevant gaps and challenges. A search for 208 environmentally relevant APIs in 2 life cycle inventory (LCI) databases revealed a meager representation of this group of chemicals. Similarly, the LCIA model USEtox was found to include characterization factors (CFs) for less than 60 APIs. First approaches to model API emissions in LCA were identified on the basis of an examination of 40 LCA case studies in the pharmaceutical sector and in the field of wastewater treatment. Moreover, CFs for 79 additional APIs, expressing their ecotoxicity and/or human toxicity potential, were gathered from literature. An analysis of the variability of API-CFs in different LCIA models showed a variation of about 2-3 orders of magnitude. Based on the review results, 3 main gaps in the modeling and characterization of API emissions in an LCA context were identified: (1) incomplete modeling of API flows and API emissions along the life cycle of human pharmaceuticals, especially during their use and end-of-life phase, (2) limited API coverage in existing LCIA toxicity models, and (3) missing pharma-specific impact pathways (e.g., endocrine disruption and antibiotic resistance) in existing LCIA models. Recommendations to tackle these gaps are provided, and priority action steps are discussed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:6-18. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Emara
- Department of Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annekatrin Lehmann
- Department of Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc-William Siegert
- Department of Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Finkbeiner
- Department of Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Ekpeghere KI, Sim WJ, Lee HJ, Oh JE. Occurrence and distribution of carbamazepine, nicotine, estrogenic compounds, and their transformation products in wastewater from various treatment plants and the aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1015-1023. [PMID: 30021268 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and fates of carbamazepine and metabolites (CBMs), nicotine and metabolites (NCTs), estrogenic compounds and metabolites (Es) in various water samples were investigated. Different concentrations were found for water from different sources. The concentrations of these pharmaceuticals and personal care products and their metabolites in human waste treatment plant (HTP) influents (0.08-173 μg L-1) were higher than in the other influent samples and the lowest levels were observed in hospital wastewater treatment plant influents (0.03-7.33 μg L-1). The concentrations were higher in HTP effluents (0.01-11.2 μg L-1) than in the other effluent samples and lowest in sewage treatment plant effluents (0.003-1.26 μg L-1). The NCTs were the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (concentration range 0.05-89.6 μg L-1) in the wastewater treatment plant influents, but the CBMs were found at the highest concentrations (0.003-6.88 μg L-1). 10, 11-Dihydro-10, 11-dihydroxycarbamazepine was the most abundant of the CBMs in the wastewater treatment plants and water samples. Trans-3'-hydroxycotinine was dominant in the HTP and hospital wastewater treatment plant influents, whereas the parent NCT was dominant in the sewage treatment plant influents and in all the effluent and other water samples. Estriol was the dominant estrogenic compound in the HTP and hospital wastewater treatment plant influents. Estriol and estrone were found in many of the HTP influents, but estrone was dominant in the effluent and other water samples. The total removal efficiencies for the CBMs, NCTs, and estrogenic compounds for the treatment plants were -101% to 56%, 2.9%-99%, and >98%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalu Ibe Ekpeghere
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan `46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Railroad Civil and Environmental Engineering, Woosong University, Daejeon 34606, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jin Sim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan `46241, Republic of Korea; Marine & Environmental Evaluation Team, Korea Testing & Research Institute, Ulsan 681-802, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jun Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan `46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan `46241, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Burns EE, Carter LJ, Snape J, Thomas-Oates J, Boxall ABA. Application of prioritization approaches to optimize environmental monitoring and testing of pharmaceuticals. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2018; 21:115-141. [PMID: 29714645 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2018.1465873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are ubiquitous in the natural environment with concentrations expected to rise as human population increases. Environmental risk assessments are available for a small portion of pharmaceuticals in use, raising concerns over the potential risks posed by other drugs that have little or no data. With >1900 active pharmaceutical ingredients in use, it would be a major task to test all of the compounds with little or no data. Desk-based prioritization studies provide a potential solution by identifying those substances that are likely to pose the greatest risk to the environment and which, therefore, need to be considered a priority for further study. The aim of this review was to (1) provide an overview of different prioritization exercises performed for pharmaceuticals in the environment and the results obtained; and (2) propose a new holistic risk-based prioritization framework for drugs in the environment. The suggested models to underpin this framework are discussed in terms of validity and applicability. The availability of data required to run the models was assessed and data gaps identified. The implementation of this framework may harmonize pharmaceutical prioritization efforts and ensure that, in the future, experimental resources are focused on molecules, endpoints, and environmental compartments that are biologically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Burns
- a Chemistry Department , University of York , Heslington , UK
| | - Laura J Carter
- b Environment Department , University of York , Heslington , UK
| | - Jason Snape
- c AstraZeneca AstraZeneca UK, Global Environment , Cheshire , UK
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29
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Nieto E, Corada-Fernández C, Hampel M, Lara-Martín PA, Sánchez-Argüello P, Blasco J. Effects of exposure to pharmaceuticals (diclofenac and carbamazepine) spiked sediments in the midge, Chironomus riparius (Diptera, Chironomidae). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:715-723. [PMID: 28763668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human and veterinary pharmaceuticals and degradation products are continuously introduced into the environment. To date, there is a lack of information about the effects of pharmaceuticals in spiked toxicity tests with non-target organisms. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of exposure to two common pharmaceuticals in the midge Chironomus riparius in spiked sediment experiments. The selected pharmaceuticals are the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID): diclofenac (DF) and the anti-depressant drug carbamazepine (CBZ). In order to assess the effects of the pharmaceuticals, a chronic toxicity test with the midge was carried out. The endpoints survival, growth and developmental stage by means of biomass, were measured after 10days, and emergence rates and sex-ratio (male/female) were measured after 21days of exposure. Significant mortality was observed in organisms at day 10 with a 40% of larvae surviving in the highest exposure concentration of CBZ. DF decreased the emergence ratio with respect to the controls in organisms exposed at concentrations of 34.0μg·g-1 whereas CBZ reduced the growth of the midges (30,6% with respect to the control) and induced a significant change in sex-ratio at concentrations of 31.4μg·g-1. The results obtained in the present study indicate possible adverse effects on aquatic invertebrates, which should be taken into account for environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical compounds in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Universitario Rio San Pedro, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Carmen Corada-Fernández
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz (UCA), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Miriam Hampel
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI•MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI•MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Argüello
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicologia, Departamento de Medio Ambiente, INIA, Ctra, A Coruña km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Blasco
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Universitario Rio San Pedro, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain.
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Oliveira P, Almeida Â, Calisto V, Esteves VI, Schneider RJ, Wrona FJ, Soares AMVM, Figueira E, Freitas R. Physiological and biochemical alterations induced in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis after short and long-term exposure to carbamazepine. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 117:102-114. [PMID: 28390233 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis collected in the Ria de Aveiro, was selected to evaluate the acute and chronic effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) at environmentally relevant concentrations. CBZ is an antiepileptic drug widely found in the aquatic environment with toxic effects to inhabiting organisms. However, few studies evaluated the acute and chronic toxicity of this drug. The experiment was performed by exposing mussels to 0.0, 0.3, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 CBZ μg/L, for 96 h and 28 days. To assess the toxicity of the drug, a battery of biomarkers related to mussels general physiological health status and oxidative stress was applied. CBZ was quantified in mussel tissues by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results obtained show that CBZ did not induce oxidative stress. However, our findings demonstrated that the drug was taken up by mussels even though presenting low bioconcentration factor (BCF) values (up to 2.2). Furthermore, our results demonstrated that after a chronic exposure the physiological parameters, namely the condition and gonadosomatic indices, were negatively affected which may impair organisms' reproductive capacity with consequences to population sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Oliveira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ângela Almeida
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vânia Calisto
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Rudolf J Schneider
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter -Str. 11, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederick J Wrona
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, National Water Research Institute, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Etelvina Figueira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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31
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Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Wastewater by Intermittent Electrocoagulation. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Aukema KG, Escalante DE, Maltby MM, Bera AK, Aksan A, Wackett LP. In Silico Identification of Bioremediation Potential: Carbamazepine and Other Recalcitrant Personal Care Products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:880-888. [PMID: 27977154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants are principally personal care products not readily removed by conventional wastewater treatment and, with an increasing reliance on water recycling, become disseminated in drinking water supplies. Carbamazepine, a widely used neuroactive pharmaceutical, increasingly escapes wastewater treatment and is found in potable water. In this study, a mechanism is proposed by which carbamazepine resists biodegradation, and a previously unknown microbial biodegradation was predicted computationally. The prediction identified biphenyl dioxygenase from Paraburkholderia xenovorans LB400 as the best candidate enzyme for metabolizing carbamazepine. The rate of degradation described here is 40 times greater than the best reported rates. The metabolites cis-10,11-dihydroxy-10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine and cis-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrocarbamazepine were demonstrated with the native organism and a recombinant host. The metabolites are considered nonharmful and mitigate the generation of carcinogenic acridine products known to form when advanced oxidation methods are used in water treatment. Other recalcitrant personal care products were subjected to prediction by the Pathway Prediction System and tested experimentally with P. xenovorans LB400. It was shown to biodegrade structurally diverse compounds. Predictions indicated hydrolase or oxygenase enzymes catalyzed the initial reactions. This study highlights the potential for using the growing body of enzyme-structural and genomic information with computational methods to rapidly identify enzymes and microorganisms that biodegrade emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly G Aukema
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ‡BioTechnology Institute, and §Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Diego E Escalante
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ‡BioTechnology Institute, and §Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Meghan M Maltby
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ‡BioTechnology Institute, and §Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Asim K Bera
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ‡BioTechnology Institute, and §Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Alptekin Aksan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ‡BioTechnology Institute, and §Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Lawrence P Wackett
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ‡BioTechnology Institute, and §Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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33
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Pedrosa JAM, Cocchiararo B, Bordalo MD, Rodrigues ACM, Soares AMVM, Barata C, Nowak C, Pestana JLT. The role of genetic diversity and past-history selection pressures in the susceptibility of Chironomus riparius populations to environmental stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 576:807-816. [PMID: 27810765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural populations experiencing intense selection and genetic drift may exhibit limited potential to adapt to environmental change. The present study addresses the following aspects of the "genetic erosion" hypothesis in the midge Chironomus riparius: does long-term mercury (Hg) contamination affect the Hg tolerance of midge populations inhabiting such impacted areas? If so, is there any fitness cost under changing environmental conditions? And does genetic impoverishment influence the susceptibility of C. riparius to cope with environmental stressful conditions? For this end, we tested the acute and chronic tolerance to Hg and salinity in four C. riparius populations differing in their levels of genetic diversity (assessed through microsatellite markers) and past-histories of Hg exposure. Results showed that the midge population collected from a heavily Hg-contaminated site had higher Hg tolerance compared to the population collected from a closely-located reference site suggesting directional selection for Hg-tolerant traits in its native environment despite no genetic erosion in the field. No increased susceptibility under changing environmental conditions of salinity stress was observed. Moreover, results also showed that populations with higher genetic diversity performed better in the partial life-cycle assays providing evidence on the key role that genetic diversity plays as mediator of populations' susceptibility to environmental stress. Our findings are discussed in terms of the suitability of C. riparius as a model organism in evolutionary toxicology studies as well as the validity of ecotoxicological assessments using genetically eroded laboratory populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- João A M Pedrosa
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Conservation Genetics Group, Senckenberg Research Institute, Clamecystrasse 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany
| | - Berardino Cocchiararo
- Conservation Genetics Group, Senckenberg Research Institute, Clamecystrasse 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany
| | - Maria D Bordalo
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andreia C M Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carsten Nowak
- Conservation Genetics Group, Senckenberg Research Institute, Clamecystrasse 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany
| | - João L T Pestana
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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34
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Influence of Inorganic Ions and Organic Substances on the Degradation of Pharmaceutical Compound in Water Matrix. WATER 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/w8110532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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