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Xu P, Tong J, Shi R. The mechanical and frost resistance properties of pressed concrete blocks mixed with the polymeric aluminum chloride waste residue. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12128. [PMID: 38802555 PMCID: PMC11130320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to research on the mechanical and frost resistance properties of pressed concrete blocks mixed with the polymeric aluminum chloride (PAC) waste residue. Experimental studies on the activity index of volcanic ash, mechanical property, frost resistance and microstructure of pressed concrete blocks mixed with PAC waste residue were carried out. The results show that the activity index of volcanic ash of PAC waste residue reaches 74.96% at a particle size of 0.075 mm or less and a curing age of 28 days. Based on results of mechanical property tests, the optimum dosage of PAC waste residue is 15%, at which time the compressive and bending strength only decreases by 14.57% and 15.84%. Based on results of frost resistance tests, the optimum dosage of PAC waste residue for pressed concrete blocks is 10%. After 50 freeze-thaw cycles, when the dosage of PAC waste residue is 10%, the strength loss rate is only 3.04%. XRD and SEM tests show that PAC waste residue participates in chemical reactions. With a small amount of PAC waste residue, the structure of the specimen remains dense and therefore the strength decreases less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Henan Province for Underground Space Development and Disaster Prevention, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, Henan, China
| | - Jin Tong
- School of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, Henan, China.
| | - Rui Shi
- School of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, Henan, China
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2
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Panahi R, Ravi M, Abdollahi K. The concentrated polyaluminum chloride with tailor-made distribution of Al species: synthesis, distribution and transformation of Al species, and coagulation performance. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:3215-3228. [PMID: 35298360 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2055497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Production of concentrated polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with the proper distribution of Al species (Ala, Alb, and Alc) is still a challenging issue on both industrial and laboratory scale. Hence, the effects of total aluminum concentration (AlT) at high levels, regular basicity values, and low base injection rates on the distribution of Al species in PACl solutions were investigated using quadratic models. The results confirmed the possibility to synthesize tailor-made PACl solutions with a specified value of either Ala, Alb, or Alc within the range of 22-51%, 4-51%, or 0.5-74%, respectively. For instance, in agreement with the predicted value, a PACl sample rich in both Alb (42,200 ppm) and AlT was produced by applying the basicity of 1.7, AlT of 9.07% as Al2O3, and basification rate of 0.48 ml/h. In addition, the maximum Alc could be acquired by exploiting the highest C, B, and Q values. This condition also minimized both Ala and Alb. The trends of Ala and Alc changes by the increment of basicity were concave and convex, respectively, while Alb showed either a decreasing trend or a concave pattern based on the values of injection rate and AlT. The Alb-rich PACl sample was effectively applied for turbidity removal from synthetic wastewater at various pHs and initial turbidities. At best, residual turbidity of about 1% was observed after the coagulation process. These findings can be constructive for the production and application of tailor-made PACl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Panahi
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ravi
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Abdollahi
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Melbourne, Australia
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3
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Yoon K, Cho DW, Kwon G, Rinklebe J, Wang H, Song H. Practical approach of As(V) adsorption by fabricating biochar with low basicity from FeCl3 and lignin. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138665. [PMID: 37044148 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the main challenges of biochar application for environmental cleanup is rise of pH in water or soil due to high ash and alkali metal contents in the biochar. While this intrinsic property of biochar is advantageous in alleviating soil and water acidity, it severely impairs the affinity of biochar toward anionic contaminants such as arsenic. This study explored a technical approach that can reduce the basicity of lignin-based biochar by utilizing FeCl3 during production of biochar. Three types of biochar were produced by co-pyrolyzing feedstock composed of different combinations of lignin, red mud (RM), and FeCl3, and the produced biochar samples were applied to adsorption of As(V). The biochar samples commonly possessed porous carbon structure embedded with magnetite (Fe3O4) particles. The addition of FeCl3 in the pyrolysis feedstock had a notable effect on reducing basicity of the biochar to yield significantly lower solution pH values than the biochar produced without FeCl3 addition. The extent of As(V) removal was also closely related to the final solution pH and the greatest As(V) removal (>77.6%) was observed for the biochar produced from co-pyrolysis of lignin, RM, and FeCl3. The results of adsorption kinetics and isotherm experiments, along with x-ray spectroscopy (XPS), strongly suggested adsorption of As(V) occurred via specific chemical reaction (chemisorption) between As(V) and Fe-O functional groups on magnetite. Thus, the overall results suggest the use of FeCl3 is a feasible practical approach to control the intrinsic pH of biochar and impart additional functionality that enables effective treatment of As(V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangsuk Yoon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Cho
- Geologic Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon, 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihoon Kwon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Hocheol Song
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Xu L, Shu Z, Song J, Li T, Zhou J. Waste bamboo framework decorated with α-FeOOH nanoneedles for effective arsenic (V/III) removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160951. [PMID: 36528951 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic pollution of water is one of the severest environmental challenges for human health, and adsorption is the most often used technique in investigations of selective As removal. However, the development of low-cost and easily recoverable adsorbent for aqueous arsenic adsorption remains a challenge. In this work, the α-FeOOH-decorated monolith bamboo composites (α-FeOOH/MB) were fabricated via directly decorating α-FeOOH nanoneedles on the waste bamboo framework without pre‑carbonization. As expected, the as-prepared α-FeOOH/MB exhibits considerably increased adsorption capacity for aqueous arsenic over pure α-FeOOH nanoneedles, with increases of 1.88 and 1.52 times for As(V) and As(III), respectively. Meanwhile, the α-FeOOH/MB composites exhibit positive reusability (recovering 89.73 % and 80.17 % adsorption capacity for As(V) and As(III) after 5 cycles) and are easy to separate after water treatment. Furthermore, the α-FeOOH/MB composites exhibit high arsenic adsorption selectivity even in the presence of competing anions. Overall, the as-obtained α-FeOOH/MB composites, reuse of waste bamboo, are a kind of favorable candidate for arsenic decontamination in practical application owing to the high adsorption capacity, low-cost and facile separation features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhu Shu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, 1 Mazongling Road, Yichang 443007, China
| | - Jingyang Song
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, 1 Mazongling Road, Yichang 443007, China.
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5
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Lü X, Xu T, Zhou Y, Peng Q, Ou J, Hu B, Xie Z, Lei X, Yu G. Effect of iron ion configurations on Ni 2+ removal in electrocoagulation. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:823-834. [PMID: 36182186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) has been widely used to treat the heavy metal wastewater in industry. A novel process of sinusoidal alternating current electrocoagulation (SACC) is adopted to remove Ni2+ in wastewater in this study. The morphology of precipitates and the distribution of the main functional iron configurations were investigated. Ferron timed complex spectroscopy can identify the monomeric iron configurations [Fe(a)], oligomeric iron configurations [Fe(b)] and polymeric iron configurations [Fe(c)]. The optimal operating conditions of SACC process were determined through single-factor experiments. The maximum Ni2+ removal efficiency [Re(Ni2+)] was achieved under the conditions of pH0=7, current density (j) = 7 A/m2, electrolysis time (t) = 25 min, c0(Ni2+) = 100 mg/L. At pH=7, the proportion of Fe(b) and Fe(c) in the system was 50.4 at.% and 23.1 at.%, respectively. In the SACC process, Fe(b) and Fe(c) are the main iron configurations in solution, while Fe(c) are the vast majority of the iron configurations in the direct current electrocoagulation (DCC) process. Re(Ni2+) is 99.56% for SACC and 98.75% for DCC under the same optimum conditions, respectively. The precipitates produced by SACC have a high proportion of Fe(b) configurations with spherical α-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH structures which contain abundant hydroxyl groups. Moreover, it is demonstrated that Fe(b) has better adsorption capacity than Fe(c) through adsorption experiments of methyl orange (MO) dye. Fe(a) configurations in the homogeneous solution had no effect on the removal of nickel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliu Lü
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qingjuan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jinhua Ou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Research Institute of New Building Materials, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421008, China
| | - Bonian Hu
- Research Institute of New Building Materials, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421008, China.
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Xiping Lei
- Hunan Zihong Ecology Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha 410000, China
| | - Gang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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Kong Y, Ma Y, Huang Z, Ma J, Ding L, Nie Y, Chen Z, Shen J, Huang Y. Characteristics and mechanisms of As(III) removal by potassium ferrate coupled with Al-based coagulants: Analysis of aluminum speciation distribution and transformation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137251. [PMID: 36395895 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the enhanced removal of arsenite (As(III)) by potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) coupled with three Al-based coagulants, which focused innovatively on the distribution and transformation of hydrolyzed aluminum species as well as the mechanism of K2FeO4 interacted with different aluminum hydrolyzed polymers during As(III) removal. Results demonstrated that As(III) removal efficiency could be substantially elevated by K2FeO4 coupled with three Al-based coagulants treatment and the optimum As(III) removal effect was occurred at pH 6 with more than 97%. K2FeO4 showed a great effect on the distribution and transformation of aluminum hydrolyzed polymers and then coupled with a variety of aluminum species produced by the hydrolysis of aluminum coagulants for arsenic removal. During enhanced coagulation, arsenic removal by AlCl3 was main through the charge neutralization of in situ Al13 and the sweep flocculation of Al(OH)3, while PACl1 mainly depended on the charge neutralization of preformed Al13 and the bridging adsorption of Al13 aggregates, whereas PACl2 mainly relied on the sweep flocculation of Al(OH)3. This study provided a new insight into the distribution and transformation of aluminum species for the mechanism of As(III) removal by K2FeO4 coupled with different Al-based coagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Kong
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Yaqian Ma
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Zhiyan Huang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Jiangya Ma
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China.
| | - Lei Ding
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China.
| | - Yong Nie
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jimin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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7
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Yang N, Qi X, Li Y, Li G, Duan X. Highly effective remediation of high arsenic-bearing wastewater using aluminum-containing waste residue. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116417. [PMID: 36257224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater from non-ferrous metal smelting is known as one of the most dangerous sources of arsenic (As) due to its high acidity and high arsenic content. Herein, we propose a new environmental protection process for the efficient purification and removal of arsenic from wastewater by the formation of an AlAsO4@silicate core-shell structure based on the characteristics of aluminum-containing waste residue (AWR). At room temperature, the investigation with AWR almost achieved 100% As removal efficiency from wastewater, reducing the arsenic concentration from 5500 mg/L to 52 μg/L. With Al/As molar ratio of 3.5, the structural properties of AWR provided good adsorption sites for arsenic adsorption, leading to the formation of arsenate and insoluble aluminum arsenate with As. As-containing AWR silicate shells were produced under alkaline conditions, resulting in an arsenic leaching concentration of 1.32 mg/L in the TCLP test. AWR, as an efficient As removal and fixation agent, shows great potential in the treatment of copper smelting wastewater, and is expected to achieve large-scale industrial As removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Xianjin Qi
- Engineering Research Center of Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China.
| | - Yongkui Li
- Engineering Research Center of Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Engineering Research Center of Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Xiaoxu Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
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8
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Kong Y, Ma Y, Guo M, Huang Z, Ma J, Nie Y, Ding L, Chen Z, Shen J. Highly efficient removal of arsenate and arsenite with potassium ferrate: role of in situ formed ferric nanoparticle. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10697-10709. [PMID: 36083368 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22858-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is well known the capacity of potassium ferrate (Fe(VI)) for the oxidation of pollutants or co-precipitation and adsorption of hazardous species. However, little information has been paid on the adsorption and co-precipitation contribution of the Fe(VI) resultant nanoparticles, the in situ hydrolytic ferric iron oxides. Here, the removal of arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) by Fe(VI) was investigated, which focused on the interaction mechanisms of Fe(VI) with arsenic, especially in the contribution of the co-precipitation and adsorption of its hydrolytic ferric iron oxides. pH and Fe(VI) played significant roles on arsenic removal; over 97.8% and 98.1% of As(V) and As(III) removal were observed when Fe(VI):As(V) and Fe(VI):As(III) were 24:1 and 16:1 at pH 4, respectively. The removal of As(V) and As(III) by in situ and ex situ formed hydrolytic ferric iron oxides was examined respectively. The results revealed that As(III) was oxidized by Fe(VI) to As(V), and then was removed though co-precipitation and adsorption by the hydrolytic ferric iron oxides with the contribution content was about 1:3. For As(V), it could be removed directly by the in situ formed particles from Fe(VI) through co-precipitation and adsorption with the contribution content was about 1:1.5. By comparison, As(III) and As(V) were mainly removed through adsorption by the 30-min hydrolytic ferric iron oxides during the ex situ process. The hydrolytic ferric iron oxides size was obviously different in the process of in situ and ex situ, possessing abundant and multiple morphological structures ferric oxides, which was conducive for the efficient removal of arsenic. This study would provide a new perspective for understanding the potential of Fe(VI) treatment on arsenic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Kong
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, China
| | - Yaqian Ma
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Guo
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiyan Huang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, China
| | - Jiangya Ma
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, China.
| | - Yong Nie
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Ding
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Maanshan, 243002, Anhui, China
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jimin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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9
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Liu L, Lu S, An G, Yang B, Zhao X, Wu D, He H, Wang D. Historical development of Al30 highlighting the unique characteristics and application in water treatment: A review. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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10
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Wang J, Liu Y, Yin W, Cao Y, Hou J, Wang S, Wang X. Solvent-induced facile synthesis of MnFe2O4 and the As(V) removal mechanism study. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Guo C, Gao Y, Pan S, Liu Y, Li X, Wang Y. Arsenic removal performance and mechanism from water on iron hydroxide nanopetalines. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17264. [PMID: 36241687 PMCID: PMC9568553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human health has been seriously endangered by arsenic pollution in drinking water. In this paper, iron hydroxide nanopetalines were synthesized through a precipitation method using KBH4 and their performance and mechanism of As(V) and As(III) removal were investigated. The prepared material was characterized by SEM-EDX, XRD, BET, zeta potential and FTIR analyses. Batch experiments indicated that the iron hydroxide nanopetalines exhibited more excellent performance for As(V) and As(III) removal than ferrihydrite. The adsorption processes were very fast in the first stage, followed a relatively slower adsorption rate and reached equilibria after 24 h, and the reaction could be fitted best by the pseudo-second order model, followed by the Elovich model. The adsorption isotherm data followed to the Freundlich model, and the maximal adsorption capacities of As(V) and As(III) calculated by the Langmuir model were 217.76 and 91.74 mg/g at pH 4.0, respectively, whereas these values were 187.84 and 147.06 mg/g at pH 8.0, respectively. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The removal efficiencies of As(V) and As(III) were significantly affected by the solution pH and presence of PO43- and citrate. The reusability experiments showed that more than 67% of the removal efficiency of As(V) could be easily recovered after four cycles. The SEM and XRD analyses indicated that the surface morphology and crystal structure before and after arsenic removal were stable. Based on the analyses of FTIR, XRD and XPS, the predominant adsorption mechanism was the formation of inner-sphere surface complexes by the surface hydroxyl exchange reactions of Fe-OH groups with arsenic species. This research provides a new strategy for the development of arsenic immobilization materials and the results confirm that iron hydroxide nanopetalines could be considered as a promising material for removing arsenic from As-contaminated water for their highly efficient performance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XNational Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XKey Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, 475004 China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XHenan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Lin Zhang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XNational Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XHenan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Chen Guo
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XNational Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XHenan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Yali Gao
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XNational Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XHenan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Shanshan Pan
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XNational Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XHenan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XCollege of Software, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Xuhui Li
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XNational Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XKey Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, 475004 China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XHenan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XNational Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XKey Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, 475004 China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XHenan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
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12
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Wang G, Geng Y, Zhao Z, Zhang Q, Li X, Wu Z, Bi S, Zhan H, Liu W. Exploring the In Situ Formation Mechanism of Polymeric Aluminum Chloride-Silica Gel Composites under Mechanical Grinding Conditions: As a High-Performance Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of Xanthene and Pyrimidinone Compounds. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32577-32587. [PMID: 36120003 PMCID: PMC9476523 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of mechanical ball milling to facilitate the synthesis of organic compounds has attracted intense interest from organic chemists. Herein, we report a new process for the preparation of xanthene and pyrimidinone compounds by a one-pot method using polymeric aluminum chloride (PAC), silica gel, and reaction raw materials under mechanical grinding conditions. During the grinding process, polymeric aluminum chloride and silica gel were reconstituted in situ to obtain a new composite catalyst (PAC-silica gel). This catalyst has good stability (six cycles) and wide applicability (22 substrates). The Al-O-Si active center formed by in situ grinding recombination was revealed to be the key to the effective catalytic performance of the PAC-silica gel composites by the comprehensive analysis of the catalytic materials before and after use. In addition, the mechanism of action of the catalyst was verified using density functional theory, and the synthetic pathway of the xanthene compound was reasonably speculated with the experimental data. Mechanical ball milling serves two purposes in this process: not only to induce the self-assembly of silica and PAC into new composites but also to act as a driving force for the catalytic reaction to take place. From a practical point of view, this "one-pot" catalytic method eliminates the need for a complex preparation process for catalytic materials. This is a successful example of the application of mechanochemistry in materials and organic synthesis, offering unlimited possibilities for the application of inorganic polymer materials in green synthesis and catalysis promoted by mechanochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical
Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Yage Geng
- State
Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical
Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Zejing Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical
Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical
Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- State
Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical
Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia
Normal university, Guyuan 756000, P. R. China
| | - Shuxian Bi
- State
Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical
Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Haijuan Zhan
- State
Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical
Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Wanyi Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical
Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
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13
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Kayastha V, Patel J, Kathrani N, Varjani S, Bilal M, Show PL, Kim SH, Bontempi E, Bhatia SK, Bui XT. New Insights in factors affecting ground water quality with focus on health risk assessment and remediation techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113171. [PMID: 35364042 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is considered as the primary source of water for the majority of the world's population. The preponderance of the nation's drinking water, as well as agricultural and industrial water, comes from groundwater. Groundwater level is becoming increasingly challenging to replenish due to climate change. Fertilizer application and improper processing of industrial waste are the two major anthropogenic drivers of groundwater pollution. Arsenic and cadmium are two of the principal heavy metal pollutants that have affected groundwater quality by human activity. When people are exposed to both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic contaminants for an extended period, toxic effects might occur. It can have detrimental health effects from long-term exposure to contaminants, even in low amounts. As a result, metal contamination concentrations and fractions can be used to determine potential health concerns. At the same time, contaminants also need to be removed or converted to harmless products by groundwater remediation. Remediation of groundwater quality can be accomplished in several ways, including natural and artificial means. The purpose of this review is to explore a wide range of factors that affect groundwater quality, including their possible health effects. This communication provides state-of-the-art information about remediation approaches for groundwater contamination including hindrances and perspectives in this area of research. The in-depth information provided in different sections of this communication would expand the scope of interdisciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Kayastha
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, 382010, Gujarat, India; Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Jimit Patel
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, 382010, Gujarat, India; Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Knowledge Corridor, Gandhinagar, 382007, Gujarat, India
| | - Niraj Kathrani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, 382010, Gujarat, India; Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Knowledge Corridor, Gandhinagar, 382007, Gujarat, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, 382010, Gujarat, India.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43500, Malaysia
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
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14
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Wang Y, Guo C, Zhang L, Lu X, Liu Y, Li X, Wang Y, Wang S. Arsenic Oxidation and Removal from Water via Core-Shell MnO 2@La(OH) 3 Nanocomposite Adsorption. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10649. [PMID: 36078364 PMCID: PMC9518204 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As(III)), more toxic and with less affinity than arsenate (As(V)), is hard to remove from the aqueous phase due to the lack of efficient adsorbents. In this study, a core-shell structured MnO2@La(OH)3 nanocomposite was synthesized via a facile two-step precipitation method. Its removal performance and mechanisms for As(V) and As(III) were investigated through batch adsorption experiments and a series of analysis methods including the transformation kinetics of arsenic species in As(III) removal, FTIR, XRD and XPS. Solution pH could significantly influence the removal efficiencies of arsenic. The adsorption process of As(V) occurred rapidly in the first 5 h and then gradually decreased, whereas the As(III) removal rate was relatively slower. The maximum adsorption capacities of As(V) and As(III) were up to 138.9 and 139.9 mg/g at pH 4.0, respectively. For As(V) removal, the inner-sphere complexes of lanthanum arsenate were formed through the ligand exchange reactions and coprecipitation. The oxidation of As(III) to the less toxic As(V) by δ-MnO2 and subsequently the synergistic adsorption process by the lanthanum hydroxide on the MnO2@La(OH)3 nanocomposite to form lanthanum arsenate were the dominant mechanisms of As(III) removal. XPS analysis indicated that approximately 20.6% of Mn in the nanocomposite after As(III) removal were Mn(II). Furthermore, a small amount of Mn(II) and La(III) were released into solution during the process of As(III) removal. These results confirm its efficient performance in the arsenic-containing water treatment, such as As(III)-contaminated groundwater used for irrigation and As(V)-contaminated industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chen Guo
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xihao Lu
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- College of Software, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xuhui Li
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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15
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Sierra-Sánchez AG, Castillo-Suárez LA, Martínez-Miranda V, Linares-Hernández I, Teutli-Sequeira EA. As and [Formula: see text] cooccurrence in drinking water: critical review of the international scenario, physicochemical behavior, removal technologies, health effects, and future trends. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:38768-38796. [PMID: 35277825 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water contaminated with As and [Formula: see text] is increasingly prevalent worldwide. Their coexistence can have negative effects due to antagonistic or synergistic mechanisms, ranging from cosmetic problems, such as skin lesions and teeth staining, to more severe abnormalities, such as cancer and neurotoxicity. Available technologies for concurrent removal include electrocoagulation ~ adsorption > membranes > chemical coagulation > , and among others, all of which have limitations despite their advantages. Nevertheless, the existence of competing ions such as silicon > phosphate > calcium ~ magnesium > sulfate > and nitrate affects the elimination efficiency. Mexico is one of the countries that is affected by As and [Formula: see text] contamination. Because only 10 of the 32 states have adequate removal technologies, more than 65% of the country is impacted by co-presence problems. Numerous reviews have been published concerning the elimination of As or [Formula: see text]. However, only a few studies have focused on the simultaneous removal. This critical review analyzes the new sources of contamination, simultaneous physicochemical behaviors, available technologies for the elimination of both species, and future trends. This highlights the need to implement technologies that work with actual contaminated water instead of aqueous solutions (55% of the works reviewed correspond to aqueous solutions). Similarly, it is necessary to migrate to the creation of pilot, pre-pilot, or prototype scale projects, because 77% of the existing studies correspond to lab-scale research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabriela Sierra-Sánchez
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Luis Antonio Castillo-Suárez
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Verónica Martínez-Miranda
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Ivonne Linares-Hernández
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México.
| | - Elia Alejandra Teutli-Sequeira
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México
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16
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Adib D, Mafigholami R, Tabeshkia H, Walker TR. Optimization of polypropylene microplastics removal using conventional coagulants in drinking water treatment plants via response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 20:565-577. [PMID: 35669805 PMCID: PMC9163244 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-022-00803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Background and purpose The ubiquitous presence of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments has been studied widely. Due to toxicological impacts of MPs and associated contaminants, it is crucial to understand the performance of MPs removal in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Few studies have investigated removal characteristics of MPs via coagulation/flocculation processes, yet removal characterization of polypropylene microplastics (PPMPs) in this process is poorly understood. This study aims to optimize coagulation of virgin PPMPs in conventional DWTPs. Methods In this study, samples were synthesized through response surface methodology (RSM), polyaluminium chloride (PACl) was applied as a conventional coagulant to remove PPMPs in the coagulation/flocculation process, which has the least density among common polymers and is one of the most abundant manufactured polymers worldwide. A particle size analyzer (PSA) was used to measure floc size at different pH levels. Additionally, a zeta potential analyzer was used to measure stability of the flocs at different pH. Results Base on the experimental range in Design-Expert, results revealed that the optimum removal rate was predicted to be at pH 9, PACl concentration of 200 ppm, polyacrylamide (PAM) concentration of 21 ppm, and PPMPs size of d < 0.25 mm. According to the predicted optimum condition, actual and predicted removal rates were 18.00 ± 1.43% and 19.69%, respectively. Conclusion According to this study, PACl is not capable of efficiently removing virgin PPMPs in DWTPs, thereby exposing humans to eco-toxicological impacts of PPMPs through tap water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Adib
- Department of Environment, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Mafigholami
- Department of Environment, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Tabeshkia
- Department of Environment, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tony R. Walker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
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17
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Mohdee V, Woraboot C, Maneeintr K, Nootong K, Pancharoen U. Synergistic interplay between Aliquat 336 and organophosphorus extractants towards non-dispersive extraction of arsenic from petroleum produced water via hollow fiber membrane contactor. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Liang Y, Wang G, Li X, Zhang Q, Zhan H, Bi S, Wu Z, Liu W. In situ preparation of a ferric polymeric aluminum chloride–silica gel nanocatalyst by mechanical grinding and its solid-phase catalytic behavior in organic synthesis. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01802k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PLASC catalysts have significant green chemistry properties and can be used as new cheap, efficient and green catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Haijuan Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Shuxian Bi
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal university, Guyuan, 756000, P. R. China
| | - Wanyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
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19
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Yan B, Liang T, Yang X, Gadgil AJ. Superior removal of As(III) and As(V) from water with Mn-doped β-FeOOH nanospindles on carbon foam. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126347. [PMID: 34126383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic pollution of water is one of the severest environmental challenges threatening human health. Iron-based nanomaterials have been demonstrated effective in arsenic removal. However, they generally suffer from low removal efficiency towards highly toxic As(III), loss of active sites owing to agglomeration, and poor reusability. Herein, we report a carbonized melamine foam supported Mn(IV)-doped β-FeOOH nanospindles(CF@Mn-FeOOH NSp) for tackling the technical hurdles. The designed CF@Mn-FeOOH NSp appears as a free-standing monolith through a low-cost and straightforward hydrothermal method. The atomic-scale integration of Mn(IV) into β-FeOOH enables an oxidation-adsorption bifunctionality, where Mn(IV) serves as oxidizer for As(III) and Fe(III) acts as adsorber for As(V). The maximal adsorption capacity for As(V) and As(III) can reach 152 and 107 mg g-1, respectively. Meanwhile, As in simulated high arsenic groundwater can be decreased to below 10 μg L-1 within 24 h. By simple "filtrating-washing", 85% and 82% of its initial adsorption capacity for As(V) and As(III) can be easily recovered even after 5-cycles reuse. Kinetics and isotherm adsorption study indicate that the arsenic adsorption behavior is mainly through chemical bonding during single-layer adsorbing process. The as-prepared CF@Mn-FeOOH offers a scalable, efficient, and recyclable solution for arsenic removal in groundwater and wastewater from mines and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, USA.
| | - Tian Liang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Ashok J Gadgil
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, USA.
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Kong Y, Ma Y, Ding L, Ma J, Zhang H, Chen Z, Shen J. Coagulation behaviors of aluminum salts towards humic acid: Detailed analysis of aluminum speciation and transformation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Wang X, Xu J, Xu M, Zhou B, Liang J, Zhou L. High-efficient removal of arsenite by coagulation with titanium xerogel coagulant. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Liu X, Graham N, Liu T, Cheng S, Yu W. A comparison of the coagulation performance of PAFC and FeSO4 for the treatment of leach liquor from Stevia processing. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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“Inorganic Polymer Flocculation Catalyst”—Polyaluminum chloride as highly efficient and green catalyst for the Friedel-crafts alkylation of bis(indolyl)methanes. CATAL COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2020.106136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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24
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Chen Y, Nakazawa Y, Matsui Y, Shirasaki N, Matsushita T. Sulfate ion in raw water affects performance of high-basicity PACl coagulants produced by Al(OH) 3 dissolution and base-titration: Removal of SPAC particles by coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation, and sand filtration. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:116093. [PMID: 32645580 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many PACl (poly-aluminum chloride) coagulants with different characteristics have been trial-produced in laboratories and commercially produced, but the selection of a proper PACl still requires empirical information and field testing. Even PACls with the same property sometimes show different coagulation performances. In this study, we compared PACls produced by AlCl3-titration and Al(OH)3-dissolution on their performance during coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation, and sand filtration (CSF) processes. The removal targets were particles of superfine powdered activated carbon (SPAC), which are used for efficient adsorptive removal of micropollutants, but strict removal of SPAC is required because of the high risk of their leakage after CSF. PACls of high-basicity produced by AlCl3-titration and Al(OH)3-dissolution were the same in terms of the ferron assay and colloid charge, but their performance in CSF were completely different. High-basicity Al(OH)3-dissolution PACls formed large floc particles and yielded very few remaining SPAC particles in the filtrate, whereas high-basicity AlCl3-titration PACls did not form large floc particles. High-basicity PACls produced by Al(OH)3-dissolution were superior to low-basicity PACl in lowering remaining SPAC particles by the same method because of their high charge neutralization capacity, although their floc formation ability was similar or slightly inferior. However, high-basicity Al(OH)3-dissolution PACl was inferior when the sulfate ion concentration in the raw water was low. Sulfate ions were required in the raw water for high-basicity PACls to be effective in floc formation. In particular, very high sulfate concentrations were required for high-basicity AlCl3-titration PACls. The rate of hydrolysis, which is related to the polymerization of aluminum species, is a key property, besides charge neutralization capacity, for proper coagulation, including formation of large floc particles. The aluminum species in the high-basicity PACls, in particular that produced by AlCl3-titration, was resistant to hydrolysis, but sulfate ions in raw water accelerated the rate of hydrolysis and thereby facilitated floc formation. Normal-basicity Al(OH)3-dissolution PACl was hydrolysis-prone, even without sulfate ions. Aluminum species in the high-basicity AlCl3-titration PACl were mostly those with a molecular weight (MW) of 1-10 kDa, whereas those of high-basicity Al(OH)3-dissolution PACls were mostly characterized by a MW > 10 kDa. Normal-basicity Al(OH)3-dissolution PACl was the least polymerized and contained monomeric species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yize Chen
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nakazawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Matsui
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Nobutaka Shirasaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Taku Matsushita
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
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Optimisation of arsenate removal from water by an integrated ion-exchange membrane process coupled with Fe co-precipitation. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Xu K, Lu J, Tegladza ID, Xu Q, Yang Z, Lv G. Combined metal/air fuel cell and electrocoagulation process: Energy generation, flocs production and pollutant removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126925. [PMID: 32416389 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) which is characterized by in-situ generation of highly absorbable hydroxide flocs, is an environmentally friendly process for treating heavy metal ions and toxic organic wastewater. In order to decrease EC's energy consumption, a combined metal/air FC-EC process which contains two successive parts: metal/air fuel cell (FC) and electrocoagulation (EC) was studied with the consideration of hydroxide flocs production, pollutant removal and energy generation analysis. For the combined iron/air FC-EC process, the porous nickel cathode which has a good performance in high polarization zone was selected as the ideal air cathode. It was found that iron/air FC-EC with acid electrolyte condition has a high energy generation (as high as 20% EC energy consumption). The energy generation increases with iron/air FC time. Also energy generation increases with wastewater's conductivity. Beside the energy generation, the iron/air fuel cell generate extra coagulants Fe2+ for the subsequent EC process. The coagulants generated from iron/air FC and EC process together have further spontaneous hydrolysis reactions with the OH- to form hydroxide flocs, which are beneficial for a rapid adsorption and pollutant trapping. Compared with EC process, iron/air (or Al/air) FC-EC process shows lower energy consumption and high removal efficiency for treating acid wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China.
| | - Isaac D Tegladza
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China
| | - Qiuling Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China
| | - Zhenting Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China
| | - Guojun Lv
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China
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Wang P, Jiao R, Liu L, Xiao F, An G, Wang D. Optimized coagulation pathway of Al 13: Effect of in-situ Aggregation of Al 13. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:76-83. [PMID: 31102874 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The coagulation mechanism for removing particles by Al13 has been extensively investigated for water treatments. It was widely accepted that Al13 played important roles in coagulation mainly by charge neutralization and electrostatic patch. However, the discovery of Al13 aggregates (Al13agg) in flocs indicated that the real coagulation process should be different from the previous understanding, including when Al13agg were generated and how it interacted with negative particles. The aggregation process of Al13 during coagulation and its micro-interfacial effect on particle coagulation remains to be explored. In this study, to investigate the aggregation of Al13 and its effect on coagulation performance, two parallel coagulation jar tests were conducted on silica suspensions by preformed Al13agg and Al13, respectively. The results showed that optimized coagulation for particle removal by Al13 occurred from pH 7 to pH 9, which was dominated by the in-situ aggregation of Al13. The results confirmed that Al13agg were both present in flocs generated in two tests, however, the morphology and distribution of surface Al of flocs were different for two tests. The in-situ formed Al13agg covered all over the silica particles in flocs, resulting in compact structure with rough surfaces, while the preformed Al13agg mainly distributed on joint sites between particles, generating denser flocs with smooth surfaces. This difference verified that the in-situ aggregation of Al13 was the key factor to optimized particle coagulation. The overall optimized particle coagulation by Al13 should undergo the following pathway: charge neutralization - in-situ aggregation of Al13 - inter-particle bridging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruyuan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Libing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guangyu An
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Zhang M, Lu X, Zhou Q, Xie L, Shen C. Polyaluminum chloride-functionalized colloidal gas aphrons for flotation separation of nanoparticles from water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 362:196-205. [PMID: 30240993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present work used the coagulative colloidal gas aphron (CCGA)-involved flotation as a robust technology to efficiently remove the typical engineered nanoparticles - silica nanoparticles (SNPs) from water. The inorganic polymer coagulant - polyaluminum chloride (PACl) was used to surface-functionalize the zwitterionic surfactant (C15B)-based CGAs. Results denote that the physicochemical conditions of PACl/C15B mixed solution markedly influenced the flotation behaviors by changing the properties of CCGAs. The C15B molecules showed different dissociated states and interaction behaviors with Al species with the variation of pH. The addition of salt into the PACl/C15B mixed solution decreased the foamability of solution, and the bubbles collapsed before they could efficiently capture SNPs in their rising trajectory. The optimum SNP removal (87.2%) was obtained when the pH and the additional ionic strength of PACl/C15B mixed solution were ∼4.7 and ≤ 1.0 g NaCl/L, individually, and the pH of SNP suspension was ∼9.4. Importantly, modifying PACl on microbubbles took greater advantages than directly using it as coagulant in terms of SNP removal and PACl utlization. The CCGAs were robust since their colloidal attraction and collision efficiency with SNPs were simultaneously enhanced. The PACl was more efficiently utilized during flotation whilst the regular chemical-dosing unit was omitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Institute of Biofilm Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xiaoli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Institute of Biofilm Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Institute of Biofilm Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Institute of Biofilm Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Changming Shen
- Shanghai Tongji Environmental Engineering and Technology CO., LTD, Shanghai 200092, China
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Nakazawa Y, Matsui Y, Hanamura Y, Shinno K, Shirasaki N, Matsushita T. Minimizing residual black particles in sand filtrate when applying super-fine powdered activated carbon: Coagulants and coagulation conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 147:311-320. [PMID: 30317040 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Because of the eminent adsorptive capacity and rate for dissolved organic molecules compared to conventionally-sized powdered activated carbon (PAC), super-fine powdered activated carbon (SPAC) is gathering momentum for use in not only the pretreatment for membrane filtration for drinking water purification but also the conventional water purification process consisting of coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation, and rapid sand-filtration (CSF). However, the probability of SPAC particles to leak through a sand bed is higher than that of PAC, and their strict leakage control is an issue to be challenged when applying SPAC to CSF. However, study focusing on very high particle removal, which yield residual concentrations down to around 100 particles/mL, has been very limited. A previous study mentioned that the tendency of SPAC leakage is related to its low destabilization. In response to this, the present study focused on the two key components of coagulation (mixing intensity and coagulants) and investigated how to effectively reduce the residual SPAC after CSF. Astonishingly, the flash mixing (the first process of CSF), especially its G (velocity gradient) value, played the most important role in determining the residual SPAC in the filtrate of sand filter (the fourth process). Even if the slow mixing time was short, a sufficiently large G value but short T (mixing time) value in flash mixing effectively reduced the residual SPAC. When the total GT value of flash and slow mixing was fixed at a constant, priority should be given to flash mixing to reduce the residual SPAC. Among 23 PACl (poly-aluminum chloride) coagulants, PACl with a high-basicity (basicity 70%) and with sulfate ion (0.14 of sulfate/aluminum in molar ratio), produced by Al(OH)3-dissolution, were the most effective to reduce the residual SPAC after CSF. PACls produced by base-titration, which have been intensively investigated in previous researches, were not effective due to lack of floc-formation ability. However, their Al species composition determined by the ferron method were almost the same as those of PACl by Al(OH)3-dissolution, and their charge-neutralization capacities were higher. PACls produced by Al(OH)3-dissolution possessed both charge-neutralization and floc-formation abilities, but the former ability was more important to minimize the residual of SPAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Nakazawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Matsui
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Hanamura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Koki Shinno
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shirasaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Taku Matsushita
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
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