1
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Ji X, Chen Z, Shen Y, Liu L, Chen R, Zhu J. Hexanoic acid production and microbial community in anaerobic fermentation: Effects of inorganic carbon addition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 403:130881. [PMID: 38788806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) plays a crucial role in carbon chain elongation with ethanol serving as an electron donor. In this study, the impacts of various carbonates on CO2 concentration, hexanoic acid production, and microbial communities during ethanol-butyric acid fermentation were explored. The results showed that the addition of MgCO3 provided sustained inorganic carbon and facilitated interspecific electron transfer, thereby increasing hexanoic acid yield by 58%. MgCO3 and NH4HCO3 inhibited the excessive ethanol oxidation and decreased the yield of acetic acid by 51% and 42%, respectively. The yields of hexanoic acid and acetic acid in the CaCO3 group increased by 19% and 15%, respectively. The NaHCO3 group exhibited high headspace CO2 concentration, promoting acetogenic bacteria enrichment while reducing the abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12. The batch addition of NaHCO3 accelerated the synthesis of hexanoic acid and increased its production by 26%. The relative abundance of Clostridium_sensus_stricto_12 was positively correlated with hexanoic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Ji
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Zhengang Chen
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Yingmeng Shen
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Longlong Liu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Ranran Chen
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Jiying Zhu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
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2
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Liao YCZ, Pu HX, Jiao ZW, Palviainen M, Zhou X, Heinonsalo J, Berninger F, Pumpanen J, Köster K, Sun H. Enhancing boreal forest resilience: A four-year impact of biochar on soil quality and fungal communities. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127696. [PMID: 38518453 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Boreal forests commonly suffer from nutrient deficiency due to restricted biological activity and decomposition. Biochar has been used as a promising strategy to improve soil quality, yet its impacts on forest soil microbes, particularly in cold environment, remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of biochar, produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (500 °C and 650 °C) and applied at different amounts (0.5 kg·m-2 and 1.0 kg·m-2), on soil property, soil enzyme activity, and fungal community dynamics in a boreal forest over a span of two to four years. Our results showed that, four-year post-application of biochar produced at 650 °C and applied at 1.0 kg·m-2, significantly increased the relative abundance of Mortierellomycota and enhanced fungal species richness, α-diversity and evenness compared to the control (CK) (P < 0.05). Notably, the abundance of Phialocephala fortinii increased with the application of biochar produced at 500 °C and applied at 0.5 kg·m-2, exhibiting a positively correlation with the carbon cycling-related enzyme β-cellobiosidase. Functionally, distinct fungal gene structures were formed between different biochar pyrolysis temperatures, and between application amounts in four-year post-biochar application (P < 0.05). Additionally, correlation analyses revealed the significance of the duration post-biochar application on the soil properties, soil extracellular enzymes, soil fungal dominant phyla, fungal community and gene structures (P < 0.01). The interaction between biochar pyrolysis temperature and application amount significantly influenced fungal α-diversity (P < 0.01). Overall, these findings provide theoretical insights and practical application for biochar as soil amendment in boreal forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Chun-Zi Liao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hong-Xiu Pu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zi-Wen Jiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Marjo Palviainen
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P. O. Box 27, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 E, P. O. Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Jussi Heinonsalo
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P. O. Box 27, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 E, P. O. Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 E, P. O. Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Kajar Köster
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 E, P. O. Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Hui Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P. O. Box 27, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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3
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Gu X, Sun J, Wang T, Li J, Wang H, Wang J, Wang Y. Comprehensive review of microbial production of medium-chain fatty acids from waste activated sludge and enhancement strategy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 402:130782. [PMID: 38701982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Microbial production of versatile applicability medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) (C6-C10) from waste activated sludge (WAS) provides a pioneering approach for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to achieve carbon recovery. Mounting studies emerged endeavored to promote the MCFAs production from WAS while struggling with limited MCFAs production and selectivity. Herein, this review covers comprehensive introduction of the transformation process from WAS to MCFAs and elaborates the mechanisms for unsatisfactory MCFAs production. The enhancement strategies for biotransformation of WAS to MCFAs was presented. Especially, the robust performance of iron-based materials is highlighted. Furthermore, knowledge gaps are identified to outline future research directions. Recycling MCFAs from WAS presents a promising option for future WAS treatment, with iron-based materials emerging as a key regulatory strategy in advancing the application of WAS-to-MCFAs biotechnology. This review will advance the understanding of MCFAs recovery from WAS and promote sustainable resource management in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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4
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Liu Y, Chen L, Duan Y, Li R, Yang Z, Liu S, Li G. Recent progress and prospects for chain elongation of transforming biomass waste into medium-chain fatty acids. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141823. [PMID: 38552798 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Chain elongation technology utilises microorganisms in anaerobic digestion to transform waste biomass into medium-chain fatty acids that have greater economic value. This innovative technology expands upon traditional anaerobic digestion methods, requiring abundant substrates that serve as electron donors and acceptors, and inoculating microorganisms with chain elongation functions. While this process may result in the production of by-products and elicit competitive responses, toxicity suppression of microorganisms by substrates and products remains a significant obstacle to the industrialisation of chain elongation technology. This study provides a comprehensive overview of existing research on widely employed electron donors and their synthetic reactions, competitive reactions, inoculum selection, toxicity inhibition of substrates and products, and increased chain elongation approaches. Additionally, it presents actionable recommendations for future research and development endeavours in this domain, intending to inspire and guide researchers in advancing the frontiers of chain elongation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
| | - Long Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Yacong Duan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruihua Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Ziyan Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuli Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Guoting Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
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5
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Chen R, Zhou X, Huang L, Ji X, Chen Z, Zhu J. Effects of yeast inoculation methods on caproic acid production and microbial community during anaerobic fermentation of Chinese cabbage waste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120632. [PMID: 38531129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
To provide a sufficient supply of electron donors for the synthesis of caproic acid, yeast fermentation was employed to increase ethanol production in the anaerobic fermentation of Chinese cabbage waste (CCW). The results showed that the caproic acid yield of CCW with ethanol pre-fermentation was 7750.3 mg COD/L, accounting for 50.2% of the total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs), which was 32.5% higher than that of the CCW without yeast inoculation. The synchronous fermentation of yeast and seed sludge significantly promoted the growth of butyric acid consuming bacterium Bacteroides, resulting in low yields of butyric acid and caproic acid. With yeast inoculation, substrate competition for the efficient ethanol conversion in the early stage of acidogenic fermentation inhibited the hydrolysis and acidfication. Without yeast inoculation, the rapid accumulation of TVFAs severely inhibited the growth of Bacteroidetes. In the reactor with ethanol pre-fermentation, the key microorganism for caproic acid production, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12, was selectively enriched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Chen
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhou
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Liu Huang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ji
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Zhengang Chen
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Jiying Zhu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China.
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6
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Lou T, Yin Y, Wang J. Influence of adding strategy of biochar on medium-chain fatty acids production from sewage sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141660. [PMID: 38462181 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Production of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) from sewage sludge has dual effects on valuable sludge disposal and renewable energy generation, while low efficiency limits its application. Biochar addition is considered an effective method to improve MCFAs production. In this study, the influence of biochar adding strategies (i.e., adding biochar in acidification or chain elongation (CE) processes) on MCFAs production was explored. Results showed that by adding biochar in the acidification process, MCFAs accumulation increased by over 114%, accompanied by the highest carbon conversion efficiency (134.66%) and electron transfer efficiency of MCFAs (94.22%) by the terminal CE. Adding biochar before the acidification process better enriched CE bacteria (e.g., Paraclostridium) and strengthened the dominant metabolic pathway. In contrast, the biochar added before the CE process priorly enriched the bacteria capable of degrading organics, like unclassified_f__Dysgonomonadaceae, norank_f__norank_o__OPB41, and Acetobacterium. The differences in excessive ethanol oxidation and short-chain fatty acids accumulation induced by varied adding strategies might be responsible for this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianru Lou
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yanan Yin
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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7
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Liu Y, Duan Y, Chen L, Yang Z, Yang X, Liu S, Song G. Research on the Resource Recovery of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids from Municipal Sludge: Current State and Future Prospects. Microorganisms 2024; 12:680. [PMID: 38674623 PMCID: PMC11051992 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The production of municipal sludge is steadily increasing in line with the production of sewage. A wealth of organic contaminants, including nutrients and energy, are present in municipal sludge. Anaerobic fermentation can be used to extract useful resources from sludge, producing hydrogen, methane, short-chain fatty acids, and, via further chain elongation, medium-chain fatty acids. By comparing the economic and use values of these retrieved resources, it is concluded that a high-value resource transformation of municipal sludge can be achieved via the production of medium-chain fatty acids using anaerobic fermentation, which is a hotspot for future research. In this study, the selection of the pretreatment method, the method of producing medium-chain fatty acids, the influence of the electron donor, and the technique used to enhance product synthesis in the anaerobic fermentation process are introduced in detail. The study outlines potential future research directions for medium-chain fatty acid production using municipal sludge. These acids could serve as a starting point for investigating other uses for municipal sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.D.); (L.C.); (Z.Y.); (X.Y.); (S.L.); (G.S.)
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8
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Chen Z, Shi Z, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Sun M, Cui Y, Zhang S, Luo G. Metagenomic analysis towards understanding the effects of ammonia on chain elongation process for medium chain fatty acids production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 395:130413. [PMID: 38310979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The production of medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) through chain elongation (CE) from organic wastes/wastewater has attracted much attention, while the effects of a common inhibitor-ammonia has not been elucidated. The mechanism of ammonia affecting CE was studied by metagenomic. The lag phase duration of caproate production was increased, and the maximum caproate production rate was decreased by 43.4 % at 4 g-N/L, as compared to 0 g-N/L. And hydrochar (HC) alleviated the inhibition of ammonia at 4 g-N/L. Metagenomic analysis indicated that ammonia induced UBA4085 sp.FDU78 as the dominant microorganism, and metabolic reconstruction revealed its potential CE ability. Furthermore, ammonia inhibited the reverse β oxidation pathway and Acetyl-CoA production pathway. The tolerance of UBA4085 sp.FDU78 to ammonia was associated with the uptake of inorganic ions, energy conservation, and synthesis of osmoprotectants. The present study provided a deep-insight on the ammonia tolerance mechanism on the CE process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhijian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Meichen Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Shanghai Wujiaochang Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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9
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Wang Y, Chen F, Guo H, Sun P, Zhu T, Horn H, Liu Y. Permanganate (PM) pretreatment improves medium-chain fatty acids production from sewage sludge: The role of PM oxidation and in-situ formed manganese dioxide. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120869. [PMID: 38007897 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) production from sewage sludge is mainly restricted by the complex substrate structure, competitive metabolism and low electron transfer rate. This study proposes a novel permanganate (PM)-based strategy to promote sludge degradation and MCFAs production. Results show that PM pretreatment significantly increases MCFAs production, i.e., attaining 12,036 mg COD/L, and decreases the carbon fluxes of electron acceptor (EA)/electron donor (ED) to byproducts. Further analysis reveals that PM oxidation enhances the release and biochemical conversion of organic components via disrupting extracellular polymers (EPS) structure and reducing viable cells ratio, providing directly available EA for chain elongation (CE). The microbial activity positively correlated with MCFAs generation are apparently heightened, while the competitive metabolism of CE (i.e., methanogensis) can be completely inhibited. Accordingly, the functional bacteria related to critical bio-steps and dissimilatory manganese reduction are largely enriched. Further mechanism exploration indicates that the main contributors for sludge solubilization are 1O2 (61.6 %) and reactive manganese species (RMnS), i.e., Mn(V)/Mn(VI) (22.3 %) and Mn(III) (∼16.1 %). As the main reducing product of PM reaction, manganese dioxide (MnO2) can enable the formation of microbial aggregates, and serve as electron shuttles to facilitate the carbon fluxes to MCFAs during CE process. Overall, this strategy can achieve simultaneous hydrogen recovery, weaken competitive metabolisms and provide electron transfer accelerator for CE reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haixiao Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Peizhe Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Harald Horn
- Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Du J, Xu PP, Ren HY, Cao GL, Xie GJ, Ren NQ, Liu BF. Improved sequential production of hydrogen and caproate by addition of biochar prepared from cornstalk residues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129702. [PMID: 37604256 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a new model in which ethanol and acetate produced by dark fermentation are processed by Clostridium kluyveri for chain elongation to produce caproate with an addition of biochar prepared from cornstalk residues after acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis (AERBC) in the dark fermentation and chain elongation processes. The results show a 6-25% increase in hydrogen production in dark fermentation with adding AERBC, and the maximum concentration of caproate in the new model reached 1740 mg/L, 61% higher than that in the control group. In addition, caproate was obtained by dark fermentation, using liquid metabolites as substrates with an initial pH range of 6.5-7.5. Finally, the electron balance and electron transfer efficiency in the new model were analyzed, and the role of AERBC in dark fermentation and chain elongation was investigated. This study provides a new reference for the use of dark-fermented liquid metabolites and cornstalk residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Pian-Pian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hong-Yu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Guang-Li Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Guo-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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11
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Wang Q, Yang N, Cai Y, Zhang R, Wu Y, Ma W, Fu C, Zhang P, Zhang G. Advances in understanding entire process of medium chain carboxylic acid production from organic wastes via chain elongation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139723. [PMID: 37543231 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Chain elongation is an environmentally friendly biological technology capable of converting organic wastes into medium chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs). This review aims to offer a comprehensive analysis of MCCA production from organic wastes via chain elongation. Seven kinds of organic wastes are introduced and classified as easily degradable and hardly degradable. Among them, food waste, fruit and vegetable waste are the most potential organic wastes for MCCA production. Combined pretreatment technologies should be encouraged for the pretreatment of hardly degradable organic wastes. Furthermore, the mechanisms during MCCA production are analyzed, and the key influencing factors are evaluated, which affect the MCCA production and chain elongation efficiency indirectly. Extracting MCCA simultaneously is the most important way to improve MCCA production efficiency, and technologies for sequentially extracting different kinds of MCCAs are recommended. Finally, some perspectives for future chain elongation researches are proposed to promote the large-scale application of chain elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yajing Cai
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404632, China
| | - Weifang Ma
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chuan Fu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404632, China
| | - Panyue Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404632, China.
| | - Guangming Zhang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
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12
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Ma J, Tan L, Xie S, Feng Y, Shi Z, Ke S, He Q, Ke Q, Zhao Q. The role of hydrochloric acid pretreated activated carbon in chain elongation of D-lactate to caproate: Adsorption and facilitation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116387. [PMID: 37302743 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) generation is attracting growing interest due to fossil fuel depletion. To promote the production of MCFA, especially caproate, hydrochloric acid pretreated activated carbon (AC) was introduced into chain elongation fermentation. In this study, the role of pretreated AC on caproate production was investigated using lactate and butyrate as electron donor and electron acceptor, respectively. The results showed that AC did not improve the chain elongation reaction at beginning but promoted the caproate production at later stage. The addition of 15 g/L AC facilitated reactor reaching the peak of caproate concentration (78.92 mM), caproate electron efficiency (63.13%), and butyrate utilization rate (51.88%). The adsorption experiment revealed a positive correlation between the adsorption capacity of pretreated AC and the concentration as well as the carbon chain length of carboxylic acids. Moreover, the adsorption of undissociated caproate by pretreated AC contributed to a mitigated toxicity towards microorganisms, thereby facilitating the production of MCFA. Microbial community analysis revealed an increasing enrichment of key functional chain elongation bacteria, including Eubacterium, Megasphaera, Caproiciproducens, and Pseudoramibacter, but a suppression on acrylate pathway microorganism Veillonella, as the dosage of pretreated AC increasing. The findings of this study demonstrated the substantial impact of the adsorption effect of acid-pretreated AC on promoting caproate production, which would aid to the development of more efficient caproate production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Ma
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Liyi Tan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Shanbiao Xie
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yingxin Feng
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Zhou Shi
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Shuizhou Ke
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Qiulai He
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Qiang Ke
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
| | - Quanbao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
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13
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Wang R, Yang W, Cai C, Zhong M, Dai X. Dose-response and type-dependent effects of antiviral drugs in anaerobic digestion of waste-activated sludge for biogas production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27045-7. [PMID: 37209333 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, antiviral drugs (AVDs) were heavily excreted into wastewater and subsequently enriched in sewage sludge due to their widespread use. The potential ecological risks of AVDs have attracted increasing attention, but information on the effects of AVDs on sludge anaerobic digestion (AD) is limited. In this study, two typical AVDs (lamivudine and ritonavir) were selected to investigate the responses of AD to AVDs by biochemical methane potential tests. The results indicated that the effects of AVDs on methane production from sludge AD were dose- and type-dependent. The increased ritonavir concentration (0.05-50 mg/kg TS) contributed to an 11.27-49.43% increase in methane production compared with the control. However, methane production was significantly decreased at high lamivudine doses (50 mg/kg TS). Correspondingly, bacteria related to acidification were affected when exposed to lamivudine and ritonavir. Acetoclastic and hydrotropic methanogens were inhibited at a high lamivudine dose, while ritonavir enriched methylotrophic and hydrotropic methanogens. Based on the analysis of intermediate metabolites, the inhibition of lamivudine and the promotion of ritonavir on acidification and methanation were confirmed. In addition, the existence of AVDs could affect sludge properties. Sludge solubilization was inhibited when exposed to lamivudine and enhanced by ritonavir, perhaps caused by their different structures and physicochemical properties. Moreover, lamivudine and ritonavir could be partially degraded by AD, but 50.2-68.8% of AVDs remained in digested sludge, implying environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Wan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chen Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Menghuan Zhong
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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14
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Li L, Liu C, Xu L, Zhuang H, He J, He Q, Zhang J. Acclimation of anaerobic fermentation microbiome with acetate and ethanol for chain elongation and the biochemical response. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 320:138083. [PMID: 36754309 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) production is a promising method for resource recovery from organic wastes. In this study, the microbial community structure shift along the long-term acclimation experiment and the concomitant effect of H2 level on chain elongation performance was investigated. Chain elongation microbiome could be rapidly acclimated from traditional anaerobic fermentation consortia. Genera Caproiciproducens, Clostridium sensu stricto 12, Rummeliibacillus and Oscillibacter was found to be dominant during the operation. The H2 was accumulated in the headspace by increasing the ethanol input, which inhibited oxidation of caproate and butyrate immediately, while its inhibition effect on chain elongation was delayed. H2 level in the headspace was positively correlated to the MCFAs production related bacteria. However, too much H2 accumulated might be suppressive for MCFAs production in the long term. It might result from the thermodynamic barrier for discarding excess reducing equivalents under high H2 level, which further gave rise to ethanol accumulation in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Linji Xu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Huichuan Zhuang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Junguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qiang He
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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15
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Chu N, Jiang Y, Liang Q, Liu P, Wang D, Chen X, Li D, Liang P, Zeng RJ, Zhang Y. Electricity-Driven Microbial Metabolism of Carbon and Nitrogen: A Waste-to-Resource Solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4379-4395. [PMID: 36877891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electricity-driven microbial metabolism relies on the extracellular electron transfer (EET) process between microbes and electrodes and provides promise for resource recovery from wastewater and industrial discharges. Over the past decades, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to designing electrocatalysts and microbes, as well as hybrid systems to push this approach toward industrial adoption. This paper summarizes these advances in order to facilitate a better understanding of electricity-driven microbial metabolism as a sustainable waste-to-resource solution. Quantitative comparisons of microbial electrosynthesis and abiotic electrosynthesis are made, and the strategy of electrocatalyst-assisted microbial electrosynthesis is critically discussed. Nitrogen recovery processes including microbial electrochemical N2 fixation, electrocatalytic N2 reduction, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), and abiotic electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia (Abio-NRA) are systematically reviewed. Furthermore, the synchronous metabolism of carbon and nitrogen using hybrid inorganic-biological systems is discussed, including advanced physicochemical, microbial, and electrochemical characterizations involved in this field. Finally, perspectives for future trends are presented. The paper provides valuable insights on the potential contribution of electricity-driven microbial valorization of waste carbon and nitrogen toward a green and sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qinjun Liang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Panpan Liu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Donglin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xueming Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Daping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Raymond Jianxiong Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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16
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Li L, Xu L, He J, He Q, Zhang J. Effect of granular activated carbon and chloroform on chain elongation with simple substrate ethanol and acetate. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 221:115324. [PMID: 36669585 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chain elongation is a promising technology for production of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs). Granular activated carbon (GAC) is commonly used in anaerobic fermentation. Low level CHCl3 can inhibit methanogenesis and homoacetogenesis at the same time. However, the effect of them on chain elongation performance with highly enriched consortia and simple substrate (i.e., ethanol and acetate) was still unclear. Hence, the effects of CHCl3 and on MCFAs production and the microbial community was studied here. CHCl3 displayed fatal effect on chain elongation system when its concentration was higher than 0.1% v/v. 0.05% v/v CHCl3 was enough to inhibit homoacetogens and further decreased the caproate production efficiency without altering the core bacteria tremendously. GAC was found to be adverse for chain elongation with simple substrate (i.e., ethanol and acetate) and highly enriched microbial consortia dominated by Clostridium sensu stricto, less than 20% electrons were finally distributed in caproate. It might be attributed to other electron consuming activities induced by GAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Linji Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Junguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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17
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Wu P, Zhang J, Li J, Zhang Y, Fu B, Xu MY, Zhang YF, Liu H. Deciphering the role and mechanism of nano zero-valent iron on medium chain fatty acids production from CO 2 via chain elongation in microbial electrosynthesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160898. [PMID: 36521595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The integrated system of microbial electrosynthesis (MES) coupled with chain elongation has been considered a promising platform for carboxylic acids production. However, this biotechnology is still in its infancy, and many limitations are needed to be transcended, such as low electron transfer efficiency between cathode and microbes. In this study, nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) was employed to improve carboxylic acid production in the integrated system, and the promotion mechanisms were revealed. Results suggested that the highest production concentrations of acetate, butyrate, and caproate were observed at 7.5 g/L optimized NZVI dosage, increasing the total yield and coulomb efficiency by 23.7 % and 40.3 % compared to the control. Mechanism studies indicated that the hydrogen and electron released by the anaerobic corrosion of NZVI could be used as additional reducing equivalents, thereby enhancing the electron transfer performance. Besides, NZVI was also proven to facilitate the formation of electroactive biofilms according to the results of biofilm characterization and total DNA. In functional microbes' respect, the moderate NZVI enriched the chain elongator in biofilm, like Clostridium_sensu-stricto_12, and upregulated the activities of key enzymes of homoacetogenesis and chain elongation metabolic pathways, like carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase. This study provided the evidence and revealed how NZVI assisted carboxylic acid production from CO2 via chain elongation in MES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Bo Fu
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Ming-Yi Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yi-Feng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - He Liu
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou 215011, China.
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18
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Wang C, Wang Y, Chen Z, Wei W, Chen X, Mannina G, Ni BJ. A novel strategy for efficiently transforming waste activated sludge into medium-chain fatty acid using free nitrous acid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160826. [PMID: 36502988 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The global energy crisis is approaching due to rapid population growth and overexploitation of fossil fuels. Therefore, the development and use of new and renewable energy sources is already in the extreme urgency. This work developed a novel technology to efficiently produce renewable liquid bioenergy from discarded wastes, by effectively transforming sewage sludge into high-value medium chain fatty acids (MCFA). The maximum MCFA yield in the anaerobic sludge fermentation was revealed to be 10.6 times of control when utilizing sewage sludge with 1.78 mg-N/L free nitrous acid (FNA) pretreatment. The carbon flow from sewage sludge into MCFA in the fermentation system was significantly enhanced with appropriate levels (0.71-1.78 mg-N/L) of FNA pretreatment. Compared to FNA pretreatment, however, its direct addition severely inhibited total products (i.e., carboxylates and complex alcohols) generation because of the toxicity on live cells (decreasing to 8.3 %-13.9 %) in sludge. Kinetic models (one-substrate and two-substrate) were utilized to investigate the mechanism of MCFA promotion by FNA pretreatment on anaerobic sludge fermentation, in which linear relationship analysis between FNA-derived organic release and the fitted parameters were also performed. The results indicated that the conversion of refractory materials into rapidly bioavailable substrates for MCFA production contributed to increasing MCFA production rate and potential. Moreover, the relative abundances of functional microorganisms related to hydrolysis-acidification and chain elongation process increased under FNA pretreatment, further favoring the MCFA production. This study provides a novel and effective technology of sludge energy recovery that can achieve the next-generation sustainable sewage sludge management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Zhijie Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Xueming Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Giorgio Mannina
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Ed. 8 Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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19
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Shrestha S, Xue S, Raskin L. Competitive Reactions during Ethanol Chain Elongation Were Temporarily Suppressed by Increasing Hydrogen Partial Pressure through Methanogenesis Inhibition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3369-3379. [PMID: 36790331 PMCID: PMC9979639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic waste streams can be converted into high-value platform chemicals such as medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs) using mixed microbial communities via chain elongation. However, the heterogeneity of waste streams and the use of complex microbial communities can lead to undesirable reactions, thus decreasing process efficiency. We explored suppressing excessive ethanol oxidation to acetate (EEO) by increasing the hydrogen partial pressure (PH2) through hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis inhibition by periodically adding 2-bromoethanesulfonate (2-BES) to an MCCA-producing bioreactor to reach 10 mM of 2-BES upon addition. The bioreactor was fed with pretreated food waste and brewery waste containing high concentrations of short-chain carboxylic acids and ethanol, respectively. While 2-BES addition initially reduced EEO, some methanogens (Methanobrevibacter spp.) persisted and resistant populations were selected over time. Besides changing the methanogenic community structure, adding 2-BES also changed the bacterial community structure due to its impact on PH2. While we demonstrated that PH2 could be manipulated using 2-BES to control EEO, methods that do not require the addition of a chemical inhibitor should be explored to maintain optimum PH2 for long-term suppression of EEO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siqi Xue
- Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lutgarde Raskin
- Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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20
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Qiu S, Xia W, Xu J, Li Z, Ge S. Impacts of 2-bromoethanesulfonic sodium on methanogenesis: Methanogen metabolism and community structure. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119527. [PMID: 36580800 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Production of medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs) by chain elongation (CE) presents a competitive alternative to conventional products of methane in anaerobic digestion treating organic waste streams, considering energy recovery, economic, and environmental profits. However, the system stability and performance largely rely on the selective suppression of methanogens while stimulation of CE bacteria. Commercial inhibitors such as 2-bromoethanesulfonic sodium (BES) was shown to be effective, but controversial conclusions exist on its inhibition characteristics and the inhibition mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study systematically investigated the responses of methanogenesis in granular sludge to various BES levels, focusing on methane production, methanogenic pathway, dynamic populations, electron transport and energy metabolism. Results showed that compared with the control, 3.0 g/L BES was sufficient to induce a 72.9% reduced level on accumulative methane production by the end of 4 cycles (28 days), which was likely to be attributed to the significantly suppressed metabolic pathways and intracellular regulations. Specifically, BES suppressed the electron transport via unproper electron carriers and reduced electron amount as indicated by the decreased level of enzymes and genes involved such as coenzyme F420, CO dehydrogenase and NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H+-translocating). Moreover, BES regulated the intracellular energy metabolism, leading to the impeded ATP synthesis but enhanced ATP consumption as evidenced by the variations on the activity or abundance of acetate kinase, A1Ao-ATP synthase, nitrogenase and ATP citrate synthase. Additionally, BES enriched hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis over acetoclastic one as supported by variations on the archaeal community structures and regulations of differentially expressed genes involved. Moreover, BES also reduced the contents of both protein and carbohydrate in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). This study is expected to enhance understanding of BES contribution to methanogenesis inhibition but MCCAs production in CE bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhao Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajie Xu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zimu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shijian Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Wang Y, Wang X, Wang D, Zhu T, Zhang Y, Horn H, Liu Y. Ferrate pretreatment-anaerobic fermentation enhances medium-chain fatty acids production from waste activated sludge: Performance and mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119457. [PMID: 36521312 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The rupture of cytoderm and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and competitive inhibition of methanogens are the main bottlenecks for medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) production from waste activated sludge (WAS). This study proposes a promising ferrate (Fe (VI))-based technique to enhance MCFAs production from WAS through accelerating WAS disintegration and substrates transformation, and eliminating competitive inhibition of methanogens, simultaneously. Results shows that the maximal MCFAs production attains 8106.3 mg COD/L under 85 mg Fe/g TSS, being 58.6 times that of without Fe (VI) pretreatment. Mechanism exploration reveals that Fe (VI) effectively destroys EPS and cytoderm through electron transfer, reactive oxygen species generation (i.e., OH, O2- and 1O2) and elevated alkalinity, resulting in the transfer of organics from solid to soluble phase and from macromolecules to intermediates. Generation and transformation of intermediates analyses illustrate that Fe (VI) facilitates hydrolysis, acidification and chain elongation (CE) but suppresses methanogenesis, promoting the targeted conversion of intermediates to MCFAs. Also, Fe (VI) pretreatment provides potential electron shuttles for chain elongation. Microbial community and functional genes encoding key enzymes analysis indicates that Fe (VI) screens key microorganisms and up-regulates functional genes expression involved in CE pathways. Overall, this technology avoids methanogens inhibitor addition and stimulates vivianite synthesis during MCFAs production from WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P R China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Harald Horn
- Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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22
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Arhin SG, Cesaro A, Di Capua F, Esposito G. Recent progress and challenges in biotechnological valorization of lignocellulosic materials: Towards sustainable biofuels and platform chemicals synthesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159333. [PMID: 36220479 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials (LCM) have garnered attention as feedstocks for second-generation biofuels and platform chemicals. With an estimated annual production of nearly 200 billion tons, LCM represent an abundant source of clean, renewable, and sustainable carbon that can be funneled to numerous biofuels and platform chemicals by sustainable microbial bioprocessing. However, the low bioavailability of LCM due to the recalcitrant nature of plant cell components, the complexity and compositional heterogeneity of LCM monomers, and the limited metabolic flexibility of wild-type product-forming microorganisms to simultaneously utilize various LCM monomers are major roadblocks. Several innovative strategies have been proposed recently to counter these issues and expedite the widespread commercialization of biorefineries using LCM as feedstocks. Herein, we critically summarize the recent advances in the biological valorization of LCM to value-added products. The review focuses on the progress achieved in the development of strategies that boost efficiency indicators such as yield and selectivity, minimize carbon losses via integrated biorefinery concepts, facilitate carbon co-metabolism and carbon-flux redirection towards targeted products using recently engineered microorganisms, and address specific product-related challenges, to provide perspectives on future research needs and developments. The strategies and views presented here could guide future studies in developing feasible and economically sustainable LCM-based biorefineries as a crucial node in achieving carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Gyebi Arhin
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Cesaro
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Capua
- School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
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23
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Wu Z, Peng K, Zhang Y, Wang M, Yong C, Chen L, Qu P, Huang H, Sun E, Pan M. Lignocellulose dissociation with biological pretreatment towards the biochemical platform: A review. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100445. [PMID: 36212906 PMCID: PMC9535326 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose utilization has been gaining great attention worldwide due to its abundance, accessibility, renewability and recyclability. Destruction and dissociation of the cross-linked, hierarchical structure within cellulose hemicellulose and lignin is the key procedure during chemical utilization of lignocellulose. Of the pretreatments, biological treatment, which can effectively target the complex structures, is attractive due to its mild reaction conditions and environmentally friendly characteristics. Herein, we report a comprehensive review of the current biological pretreatments for lignocellulose dissociation and their corresponding degradation mechanisms. Firstly, we analyze the layered, hierarchical structure of cell wall, and the cross-linked network between cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, then highlight that the cracking of β-aryl ether is considered the key to lignin degradation because of its dominant position. Secondly, we explore the effect of biological pretreatments, such as fungi, bacteria, microbial consortium, and enzymes, on substrate structure and degradation efficiency. Additionally, combining biological pretreatment with other methods (chemical methods and catalytic materials) may reduce the time necessary for the whole process, which also help to strengthen the lignocellulose dissociation efficiency. Thirdly, we summarize the related applications of lignocellulose, such as fuel production, chemicals platform, and bio-pulping, which could effectively alleviate the energy pressure through bioconversion into high value-added products. Based on reviewing of current progress of lignocellulose pretreatment, the challenges and future prospects are emphasized. Genetic engineering and other technologies to modify strains or enzymes for improved biotransformation efficiency will be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyou Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Kun Peng
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Mei Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Cheng Yong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ping Qu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Hongying Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Enhui Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Pietermaritzburg Campus), Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
- Corresponding author. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Mingzhu Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Corresponding author.
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Zhu X, Huang H, He Y, Wang X, Jia J, Feng X, Li D, Li H. A preliminary study on the feasibility of industrialization for n-caproic acid recovery from food wastewater: From lab to pilot. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 366:128154. [PMID: 36270389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Food wastewater is associated with greenhouse gas emission and has a significant water footprint. Here, the platform chemical n-caproate was recovered from liquor brewing wastewater at maximum and mean concentrations of 26.4 g/L and 17.0 ± 4.3 g/L, respectively, after 377 d operation. Laboratory-scale lactate-driven chain elongation (CE) process was implemented first. Taxonomic composition and metagenomic data analyses revealed that Caproiciproducens (e.g., Ruminococcaceae bacterium CPB6) and bacteria affiliated with Lachnospiraceae transformed lactate to n-caproate by reverse β-oxidation and/or fatty acid biosynthesis. The lactate-driven CE process was then scaled up from 2.5 L to 500 L and achieved a n-caproate production of 14.5 ± 0.6 g/L within 96 h. n-Caproic acid was extracted at a concentration and purity of 815.9 ± 8.3 g/L and 88.6 ± 8.9 %, respectively. The present study demonstrated a commercially viable strategy for resource recovery and carbon fixation from food waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, PR China.
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, PR China
| | - Yong He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, PR China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Jia Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, PR China
| | - Xin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, PR China
| | - Dong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, PR China
| | - Haixiang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
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Baleeiro FCF, Raab J, Kleinsteuber S, Neumann A, Sträuber H. Mixotrophic chain elongation with syngas and lactate as electron donors. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 16:322-336. [PMID: 36378491 PMCID: PMC9871530 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding microbial communities with both organic and inorganic substrates can improve sustainability and feasibility of chain elongation processes. Sustainably produced H2 , CO2 , and CO can be co-fed to microorganisms as a source for acetyl-CoA, while a small amount of an ATP-generating organic substrate helps overcome the kinetic hindrances associated with autotrophic carboxylate production. Here, we operated two semi-continuous bioreactor systems with continuous recirculation of H2 , CO2 , and CO while co-feeding an organic model feedstock (lactate and acetate) to understand how a mixotrophic community is shaped during carboxylate production. Contrary to the assumption that H2 , CO2 , and CO support chain elongation via ethanol production in open cultures, significant correlations (p < 0.01) indicated that relatives of Clostridium luticellarii and Eubacterium aggregans produced carboxylates (acetate to n-caproate) while consuming H2 , CO2 , CO, and lactate themselves. After 100 days, the enriched community was dominated by these two bacteria coexisting in cyclic dynamics shaped by the CO partial pressure. Homoacetogenesis was strongest when the acetate concentration was low (3.2 g L-1 ), while heterotrophs had the following roles: Pseudoramibacter, Oscillibacter, and Colidextribacter contributed to n-caproate production and Clostridium tyrobutyricum and Acidipropionibacterium spp. grew opportunistically producing n-butyrate and propionate, respectively. The mixotrophic chain elongation community was more efficient in carboxylate production compared with the heterotrophic one and maintained average carbon fixation rates between 0.088 and 1.4 g CO2 equivalents L-1 days-1 . The extra H2 and CO consumed routed 82% more electrons to carboxylates and 50% more electrons to carboxylates longer than acetate. This study shows for the first time long-term, stable production of short- and medium-chain carboxylates with a mixotrophic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio C. F. Baleeiro
- Department of Environmental MicrobiologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZLeipzigGermany,Technical Biology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life ScienceKarlsruhe Institute of Technology – KITKarlsruheGermany
| | - Jana Raab
- Department of Environmental MicrobiologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Sabine Kleinsteuber
- Department of Environmental MicrobiologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Anke Neumann
- Technical Biology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life ScienceKarlsruhe Institute of Technology – KITKarlsruheGermany
| | - Heike Sträuber
- Department of Environmental MicrobiologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZLeipzigGermany
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26
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Wang Y, Hou J, Guo H, Zhu T, Zhang Y, Liu Y. New insight into mechanisms of ferroferric oxide enhancing medium-chain fatty acids production from waste activated sludge through anaerobic fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127629. [PMID: 35850392 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) production from waste activated sludge (WAS) is restricted by poor biodegradability of WAS and low electron transfer efficiency. Herein, a novel ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) technique was proposed. Results indicated that the MCFAs yield and selectivity were respectively enhanced by 155.4% and 66.7% in the Fe3O4-mediated WAS. Mechanistic studies disclosed that Fe3O4 promoted substrates degradation through conducting dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) and stimulating hydrolase activity, providing precursors for chain elongation (CE). Generally, Fe3O4 improved the key processes for MCFA production at different degrees, i.e., hydrolysis, acidification and CE. Interestingly, MCFAs yield enhancement was primarily ascribed to facilitated electron transfer rather than DIR or produced ferrous iron, which could be supported by the analyses of electrochemical properties, electron transfer system activity and morphology. Further, Fe3O4 shifted the key microorganisms in favor of MCFAs production. Overall, this strategy could improve MCFAs production, sludge dewatering and phosphorus removal, concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiaqi Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haixiao Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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27
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Wu B, Lin R, Ning X, Kang X, Deng C, Dobson ADW, Murphy JD. An assessment of how the properties of pyrochar and process thermodynamics impact pyrochar mediated microbial chain elongation in steering the production of medium-chain fatty acids towards n-caproate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127294. [PMID: 35550922 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial chain elongation fermentation is an alternative technology for medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) production. This paper proposed the addition of pyrochar and graphene in chain elongation to improve MCFA production using ethanol and acetate as substrates. Results showed that the yield of, and selectivity towards, C6 n-caproate were significantly enhanced with pyrochar addition. At the optimal mass ratio of pyrochar to substrate of 2 g/g, the maximum n-caproate yield of 13.67 g chemical oxygen demand/L and the corresponding selectivity of 56.8% were obtained; this represents an increase of 115% and 128% respectively as compared with no pyrochar addition. Such improvements were postulated as due to the high electrical conductivity and surface redox groups of pyrochar. The optimal ethanol to acetate molar ratio of 2 mol/mol achieved the highest MCFA yield under pyrochar mediated chain elongation conditions. Thermodynamic calculations modelled an energy benefit of 93.50 kJ/mol reaction for pyrochar mediated n-caproate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benteng Wu
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland; Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Richen Lin
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland; Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China.
| | - Xue Ning
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland; Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Xihui Kang
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland; Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Chen Deng
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland; Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Alan D W Dobson
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Jerry D Murphy
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland; Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
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28
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Gazzola G, Maria Braguglia C, Crognale S, Gallipoli A, Mininni G, Piemonte V, Rossetti S, Tonanzi B, Gianico A. Biorefining food waste through the anaerobic conversion of endogenous lactate into caproate: A fragile balance between microbial substrate utilization and product inhibition. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 150:328-338. [PMID: 35907330 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New technologies development and renewable source exploitation are key tools to realize the European Green Deal and to boost the bio-based economy. In this context, fermentation of organic residues as food waste is an efficient method to obtain marketable products such as carboxylic acids widely applied in industrial production. Under favourable thermodynamic conditions, short chain fatty acids deriving from primary fermentation could be biologically converted into medium-chain fatty acids as caproate via chain elongation (CE) process, by using ethanol or lactate as electron donors. This study evaluates the effectivity of producing caproate from Food Waste extract rich in organics with in situ electron donor production. The test carried out at OLR 15 gCOD L-1d-1 showed high Volatile Fatty Acids (from acetic to caproic acid) yields (0.37 g g-1CODfed), with a maximum caproate concentration of 8 g L-1. The associated microbiome was composed by lactate-producing bacteria (Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus, and Olsenella) and by chain elongators (Clostridiaceae and Caproiciproducens). By stressing the system with OLR increase up to 20 gCOD L-1d-1, the CE process was inhibited by the high concentration of caproate (low occurrence of Clostridiaceae and Caproiciproducens). Nevertheless, after few days of stop-feeding regime imposed to the system, the microbiome restored its capability to proceed with lactate-based CE pathways. Different batch tests carried out with the inhibited biomass at increasing initial caproate concentration confirmed its impact on lactate utilization kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Gazzola
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, CNR-IRSA, Area della Ricerca RM1, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma, Italy
| | - Camilla Maria Braguglia
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, CNR-IRSA, Area della Ricerca RM1, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Crognale
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, CNR-IRSA, Area della Ricerca RM1, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma, Italy
| | - Agata Gallipoli
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, CNR-IRSA, Area della Ricerca RM1, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mininni
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, CNR-IRSA, Area della Ricerca RM1, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Piemonte
- Faculty of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Rossetti
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, CNR-IRSA, Area della Ricerca RM1, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma, Italy
| | - Barbara Tonanzi
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, CNR-IRSA, Area della Ricerca RM1, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Gianico
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, CNR-IRSA, Area della Ricerca RM1, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Roma, Italy.
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Strik DPBTB, Ganigué R, Angenent LT. Editorial: Microbial Chain Elongation- Close the Carbon Loop by Connecting-Communities. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:894490. [PMID: 35880097 PMCID: PMC9307487 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.894490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David P. B. T. B. Strik
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: David P. B. T. B. Strik,
| | - Ramon Ganigué
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Gent, Belgium
| | - Largus T. Angenent
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Center of Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Xiang S, Wu Q, Ren W, Guo W, Ren N. Mechanism of powdered activated carbon enhancing caproate production. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhang Z, Ni BJ, Zhang L, Liu Z, Fu W, Dai X, Sun J. Medium-chain fatty acids production from carbohydrates-rich wastewater through two-stage yeast biofilm processes without external electron donor addition: Biofilm development and pH impact. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154428. [PMID: 35276160 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The production of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) is considered promising for carbon resource recovery from waste streams. However, a large quantity of external electron donors are often required, causing great cost and environmental impact. Therefore, in this study, a two-stage technology was developed to produce MCFAs from carbohydrate-rich wastewater without external electron donor addition, with the biofilm development and pH impact being explored. Stage I aimed at converting organics into ethanol and a yeast biofilm reactor is innovatively applied. The results showed that the yeast biofilm could quickly form on carriers with steady-state thickness reaching 50-200 μm. However, the attachment of yeast biofilm was weak at the initial stage so that the violent turbulence should be avoided during operation. The polyurethane foam was the most suitable for yeast biofilm development among the tested carriers, as evidenced by the highest ethanol production, accounting for 74.2% of soluble organics. The Nakaseomyces was the main fungal genus in the steady-state biofilm, while lactic acid bacteria were also developed, resulting in lactate and acetate production. In Stage II, the yeast biofilm reactor effluent was applied for MCFA production at different pH (5-8). However, the MCFA production selectivity was significantly affected by pH, with 65.2% at pH of 5 but decreasing substantially to 3.0% at pH of 8. Both the microbial and electron transfer efficiency analysis suggested that mildly acidic pH can promote the electron transfer from ethanol toward the chain elongation process instead of its excessive oxidation. Thus, if conditions of online extraction or microbial tolerance permit, a lower pH should be recommended for Stage II in the developed technology as well as other ethanol-based MCFA production process. This is a conceptual study that eliminated external electron donor addition in MCFAs production and provide a sustainable and reliable way in carbon resources recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisha Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weng Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Hefei 230000, China.
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Luo T, Xu Q, Wei W, Sun J, Dai X, Ni BJ. Performance and Mechanism of Fe 3O 4 Improving Biotransformation of Waste Activated Sludge into Liquid High-Value Products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3658-3668. [PMID: 35254057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated that Fe3O4 simultaneously improves the total production and formation rate of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and long-chain alcohols (LCAs) from waste activated sludge (WAS) in anaerobic fermentation. Results revealed that when Fe3O4 increased from 0 to 5 g/L, the maximal MCFA and LCA production increased significantly, and the optimal fermentation time was also remarkably shortened from 24 to 9 days. Moreover, Fe3O4 also enhanced WAS degradation, and the corresponding degradation rate in the fermentation system increased from 43.86 to 72.38% with an increase in Fe3O4 from 0 to 5 g/L. Further analysis showed that Fe3O4 promoted the microbe activities of all the bioprocesses (including hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and chain elongation processes) involved in the MCFA and LCA production from WAS. Microbial community analysis indicated that Fe3O4 increased the abundances of key microbes involved in abovementioned bioprocesses correspondingly. Mechanistic investigations showed that Fe3O4 increased the conductivity of the fermented sludge, providing a better conductive environment for the anaerobic microbes. The redox cycle of Fe(II) and Fe(III) existed in the fermentation system with Fe3O4, which was likely to act as electron shuttles to conduct electron transfer (ET) from the electron donor to the acceptor, thus increasing ET efficiency. This study provides an effective method for enhancing the biotransformation of WAS into high-value products, potentially bringing economic benefits to WAS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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Wu SL, Wei W, Wang Y, Song L, Ni BJ. Transforming waste activated sludge into medium chain fatty acids in continuous two-stage anaerobic fermentation: Demonstration at different pH levels. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132474. [PMID: 34619255 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bioenergy recovery in the form of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) from waste activated sludge (WAS) is increasingly attractive, which are valuable building blocks for fuel production. This study experimentally demonstrated the long-term MCFAs (C6-C8) production from WAS in two-stage anaerobic sludge fermentation at different pH conditions, using continuously operated bench-scale anaerobic reactors. The WAS was continuously converted to short chain fatty acids (SCFAs, 3500-3800 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L) at the first stage via alkaline anaerobic fermentation, which was directly fed into the second stage as both substrates and inoculum for MCFAs production through chain elongation (CE). The productions of MCFAs at the second stage were continuously studied under three different pH conditions (i.e., 10, 7 and 5.5). The results demonstrated that there was no significant MCFAs production at pH 10 during the steady state, whereas the MCFAs productions were clearly observed at both pH 7 and pH 5.5, with much higher MCFAs production from WAS at pH 7 (i.e., 10.32 g COD/L MCFAs) than that at pH 5.5 (i.e., 8.73 g COD/L MCFAs) during the steady state. A higher MCFAs selectivity of 62.3% was also achieved at pH 7. The relatively lower MCFAs production and selectivity at pH 5.5 was likely due to the higher undissociated MCFAs generated at pH 5.5, which would pose toxicity impact on CE microbes and thus inhibit the CE process. Microbial community analysis confirmed that the relative abundances of CE related microbes (e.g., Clostridium sensu stricto 12 sp. and Clostridium sensu stricto 1) increased at pH 7 compared to those at pH 5.5, which enabled more efficient MCFAs production from WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Lan Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Wang J, Yin Y. Biological production of medium-chain carboxylates through chain elongation: An overview. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 55:107882. [PMID: 34871718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Medium chain carboxylates (MCCs) have wide applications in various industries, but the traditional MCCs production methods are costly and unsustainable. Anaerobic fermentation offers a more scalable, economical and eco-friendly platform for producing MCCs through chain elongation which converts short chain carboxylates and electron donor into more valuable MCCs. However, the underlying microbial pathways are not well understood. In this review, biological production of MCCs through chain elongation is introduced elaborately, including the metabolic pathways, electron donor and substrates, microorganisms and influencing factors. Then, the strategies for enhancing MCCs production are extensively analyzed and summarized, along with the technologies for MCCs separation from the fermentation broth. Finally, challenges and perspectives concerning the large-scale MCCs production are proposed, providing suggestions for the future research. Extensive review demonstrated that anaerobic fermentation has great potential in achieving economical and sustainable MCCs production from complex organic substrates, including organic waste streams, which would significantly broaden the application of MCCs, especially in the renewable energy field. An interdisciplinary approach with knowledge from microbiology and biochemistry to chemical separations and environmental engineering is required to use this promising technology as a valorization method for converting organic biomass or organic wastes into valuable MCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Yanan Yin
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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Zhang C, Liu Y, Zhang W, Sun L, Baeyens J. Modification of wheat straw to improve the caproate production in a cell immobilized system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125984. [PMID: 34563819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wheat straw is a favorable cell carrier in the caproate fermentation system, yet its smooth surface limits the biofilm formation. In this study, the modification of wheat straw was conducted using three different chemical methods and the influence of its modified surface on the caproate fermentation was investigated. Results showed that the sodium hydroxide was the optimum reagent for modification of wheat straw, where both the external and internal surfaces were effectively modified, resulting in 34.4% increased specific surface area. The highest caproate production of 21.1 g/L was obtained in fed-batch fermentation, which was ascribed to the formation of a thick biofilm on the modified carrier. Moreover, the crystallinity index of the carrier increased during the fed-batch fermentation, implying that the modified wheat straw was a stable matrix for cell immobilization. This study provides an effective way for efficient caproate production through modification of wheat straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunsheng Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, PR China.
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Ling Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Jan Baeyens
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab., 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
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Wang C, Wu L, Zhang YT, Wei W, Ni BJ. Unravelling the impacts of perfluorooctanoic acid on anaerobic sludge digestion process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:149057. [PMID: 34328882 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a type of persistent organic pollutant that has been detected in wastewater treatment systems, subsequently entering the waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic digesters. Nevertheless, how PFOA affects the anaerobic digestion of WAS has never been reported till now. In this study, a series of batch digesters were set up to assess the performance of the anaerobic sludge digestion processes with exposures to different levels of PFOA. Experimental results revealed that the increased PFOA concentration (3-60 μg/g-TS) caused the 11.1-19.2% decrease in methane production than the control. Correspondingly, the relative abundances of several key microbes related to acidification (e.g., Longilinea sp.) and methanation (e.g., Methanosaeta sp.) decreased when exposed to PFOA, as demonstrated by microbial community analysis. Further investigations based on modelling and intermediate metabolites analysis confirmed the inhibition of acidification and methanation caused by PFOA, thus decreasing the methane production potential of WAS in anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Lan Wu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yu-Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Wu Q, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Liu M, Bao X, Guo W. Opportunities and challenges in microbial medium chain fatty acids production from waste biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125633. [PMID: 34315125 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) that produced from affordable waste biomass via chain elongation (CE) technology are recognized as the potential alternatives to part fossil-derived chemicals, contributing to the sustainable development of economy and environment. The purpose of this review is to provide comprehensive analyses on the opportunities and challenges of MCFAs production and application. First, both two microbial MCFAs synthesis pathways of reverse β-oxidation and fatty acid biosynthesis were introduced/compared in detail to give readers a thorough understanding of the CE process, with the expectation of further boosting MCFAs production by well distinguishing them. Furthermore, the six key MCFAs production bottlenecks, corresponding research progresses, and possible solutions were analyzed. Five major MCFAs production strategies with their production mechanism, performances, and characteristics were also critically assessed. Additionally, the commercial production status was introduced, and future alternative production mode and research priorities were also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian Wu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xian Bao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Wanqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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He J, Li L, Zhang J, Wu X, Li B, Tang X. Medium chain fatty acids production from simple substrate and waste activated sludge with ethanol as the electron donor. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131278. [PMID: 34467945 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Production of MCFAs (Medium-chain fatty acids) from simple substrate (i.e., ethanol and acetate) and WAS with chain elongation microbiome was investigated in this study. The results showed that rapid production of MCFAs was observed when simple substrate was utilized. 1889 mg/L of caproate and 3434 mg/L of butyrate were achieved after 10 d's reaction. H2 proportion in the headspace could reach as high as 10.1% on day 8 and then declined quickly. However, when WAS was used, the bacterial consortia was not able to hydrolyze WAS efficiently, which resulted in poor MCFAs production performance. Presence of ethanol could improve the hydrolysis process to a limited degree, which resulted in solubilization of a small fraction of protein and carbohydrate. Around 33.8% and 36.9% of the total detected electrons on day 6 in the 50 mM and 100 mM tests were extracted from WAS respectively. Those results indicate that the chain elongation microbial consortia tended to receive electrons form ethanol directly other than the complex WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo He
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Lin Li
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xuewei Wu
- Guangzhou Sewage Purification CO., LTD, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Biqing Li
- Guangzhou Sewage Purification CO., LTD, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Xia Tang
- Guangzhou Sewage Purification CO., LTD, Guangzhou, 510655, China
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Liu Y, Chen H, Zhao L, Li Z, Yi X, Guo T, Cao X. Enhanced trichloroethylene biodegradation: Roles of biochar-microbial collaboration beyond adsorption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148451. [PMID: 34157525 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a pollutant widely found in groundwater, especially in the heavily contaminated industrial sites. Biological dechlorination method is environmentally friendly and low-cost. However, microorganisms grow slowly and their activity is susceptible to environmental fluctuations. This study used biochar as an additive to promote anaerobic biodegradation of TCE with mixed culture. Results showed that biochar with dose of 0.1-0.4% (w/v) brought a rapid initial decrease of TCE concentration by 39.4-88.8% in 24 h via adsorption mechanism. Biochar produced at 500 °C pyrolysis temperature (BC500) achieved the highest TCE adsorption in comparison to BC300 and BC700. Subsequently, a significantly shortened microbial stagnation phase (from 85 h to 37 h) was observed in the system with the presence of biochar. During the exponential growth phase, BC700 outperformed BC300 and BC500 in terms of TCE degradation efficiency. Electrochemical analysis demonstrated that BC700 possessed the greatest electron transfer capability. Finally, biochar shortened the time for achieving 100% removal of TCE by 54.5-69.7% (from approximate 330 h to 100-150 h). Even at high concentration of TCE (20-30 mg·L-1) that could lead to serious microbial growth inhibition, the TCE degradation efficiency could be recovered in the presence of BC500. The high-throughput sequencing data revealed that biochar promoted the relative abundance of co-metabolizing dechlorinating microorganisms (Pseudomonas, Burkholderia) in the aqueous solution, and simultaneously led to the selective colonization of reductive dechlorinating microorganisms (Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridium) attached on biochar surface. On the other hand, biochar addition decreased the relative abundance of hydrogen-competing microorganisms, thereby forming an efficient co-metabolism-reductive dechlorination system. These findings allow a better understanding of the promotion mechanism of biochar for microbial dechlorination technology supporting the biochar-assisted bioremediation in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Zhaopeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xionghai Yi
- Shanghai Customs District P. R. China, Minsheng Road No. 1208, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Tianbao Guo
- Hebei Xiongan Mairong Environmental Protection Co. Ltd, Xiongan 071000, China
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201306, China
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de Sousa E Silva A, Tavares Ferreira TJ, Sales Morais NW, Lopes Pereira E, Bezerra Dos Santos A. S/X ratio impacts the profile and kinetics of carboxylic acids production from the acidogenic fermentation of dairy wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117605. [PMID: 34171726 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The acidogenic fermentation of dairy wastewater (DW) was evaluated for carboxylic acids (CA) production, investigating the influence of substrate/microorganism (S/X) ratio and applying different mathematical models to the bioproduct formation data. The experiments were performed in batch reactors for 28 days, and four S/X ratios were tested (0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 1.9 gCOD gVSS-1). The S/X ratio increase did not influence the percentage of DW conversion into carboxylic acids (42-44%), but the productivity was positively affected (100-200% in general). Acetic acid was the CA formed in the highest concentration for all experiments, followed by propionic and butyric acids. Exponential models were better suited to describe this kinetics process. Therefore, according to the estimated kinetic parameters, the S/X ratio 1.6 was more suitable for CA production from acidogenic fermentation of dairy wastewater, in which the concentrations of longer CA, such as propionate and butyrate, were formed in higher quantities. In addition, it was determined a correlation between the S/X ratio and kinetic parameters like degradation/production rate constant (K) and maximum productivity rate (μm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda de Sousa E Silva
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Naassom Wagner Sales Morais
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Erlon Lopes Pereira
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - André Bezerra Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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He J, Shi Z, Luo T, Zhang S, Liu Y, Luo G. Phenol promoted caproate production via two-stage batch anaerobic fermentation of organic substance with ethanol as electron donor for chain elongation. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 204:117601. [PMID: 34481286 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of organic wastes/wastewater into medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) such as caproate has attracted much attention, while the effects of toxic compounds on the process have rarely been studied. The present study investigated the effects of phenol (0-1.5 g/L), which is a toxicant and present in various organic wastes, on the caproate production in the chain elongation (CE) process with ethanol as electron donor via two-stage batch anaerobic fermentation of glucose. The results showed phenol ≤ 1 g/L did not affect short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, while 1 g/L phenol increased caproate production by 59.9% in the following CE process. The higher selectivity of caproate and higher consumption of ethanol contributed to the higher caproate production at 1 g/L phenol. It was also shown 1 g/L phenol had more positive effect on CE of butyrate than acetate. 1.5 g/L phenol inhibited both SCFAs production and CE processes. 16S rRNA genes analysis showed phenol had slight effect on the microbial communities for SCFAs production, while it obviously changed the dominant microbes in CE process. For CE process, metagenomic analysis was further conducted and phenol mainly affected fatty acid biosynthesis (FAB) pathway, but not reverse β-oxidization (RBO) pathway. 1 g/L phenol increased the abundances of genes in FAB pathway, which could be related with the higher caproate production. Genome reconstruction identified the dominant microbial species in CE process, which were changed with different concentrations of phenol. Most of the dominant species were new microbial species potentially involved in CE. The syntrophic cooperation between Petrimonas mucosa FDU058 and Methanofollis sp. FDU007 might play important role in increased caproate production at 1 g/L phenol, and their adaption to phenol could be due to the presence of genes relating with active efflux system and refolding of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhijian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Gang Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Xu J, Bian B, Angenent LT, Saikaly PE. Long-Term Continuous Extraction of Medium-Chain Carboxylates by Pertraction With Submerged Hollow-Fiber Membranes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:726946. [PMID: 34485261 PMCID: PMC8415110 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.726946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs), which can be generated from organic waste and agro-industrial side streams through microbial chain elongation, are valuable chemicals with numerous industrial applications. Membrane-based liquid-liquid extraction (pertraction) as a downstream separation process to extract MCCAs has been applied successfully. Here, a novel pertraction system with submerged hollow-fiber membranes in the fermentation bioreactor was applied to increase the MCCA extraction rate and reduce the footprint. The highest average surface-corrected MCCA extraction rate of 655.2 ± 86.4 mmol C m−2 d−1 was obtained, which was higher than any other previous reports, albeit the relatively small surface area removed only 11.6% of the introduced carbon via pertraction. This submerged extraction system was able to continuously extract MCCAs with a high extraction rate for more than 8 months. The average extraction rate of MCCA by internal membrane was 3.0- to 4.7-fold higher than the external pertraction (traditional pertraction) in the same bioreactor. A broth upflow velocity of 7.6 m h−1 was more efficient to extract MCCAs when compared to periodic biogas recirculation operation as a means to prevent membrane fouling. An even higher broth upflow velocity of 40.5 m h−1 resulted in a significant increase in methane production, losing more than 30% of carbon conversion to methane due to a loss of H2, and a subsequent drop in the H2 partial pressure. This resulted in the shift from a microbial community with chain elongators as the key functional group to methanogens, because the drop in H2 partial pressure led to thermodynamic conditions that oxidizes ethanol and carboxylic acids to acetate and H2 with methanogens as the syntrophic partner. Thus, operators of chain elongating systems should monitor the H2 partial pressure when changes in operating conditions are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Xu
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bin Bian
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Largus T Angenent
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pascal E Saikaly
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Tsui TH, Zhang L, Lim EY, Lee JTE, Tong YW. Timing of biochar dosage for anaerobic digestion treating municipal leachate: Altered conversion pathways of volatile fatty acids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 335:125283. [PMID: 34015564 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the anaerobic digestion (AD) applications of early & late biochar dosage were compared for municipal leachate treatment, with the objective of studying the flexible use of biochar as a mitigation measure for biomethane recovery. In two experimental phases, biochar was favourable for the immediate promotion of AD performances, as revealed by Gompertz's model of reduced lag phases, higher biomethane generation rates, and increased biomethane yields. Irrespective of late biochar dosage, it could still retrieve 89% of the ultimate biomethane potential. Comparing the residual VFAs (volatile fatty acids) compositions, it was found that the fraction of long-chain VFAs accounted for 81% of total VFAs in reactor set of early biochar dosage, while it was only 38% in the reactor of late one. Parallel evidence suggested that the schedule of biochar dosage not only could affect methanogenic responses but also the VFAs conversion pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- To-Hung Tsui
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Le Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Ee Yang Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Jonathan T E Lee
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
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44
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Fu X, Jin X, Ye R, Lu W. Nano zero-valent iron: A pH buffer, electron donor and activator for chain elongation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124899. [PMID: 33677422 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chain elongation produce medium chain carboxylates, which are important precursors to many pharmaceuticals, antimicrobials and biofuels. Results in the presented investigations show that the supply of nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) can enhance caproate production. The highest caproate concentration achieved amounted to 27.2 mmol/L when 5 g/L NZVI were added, which was about 100% higher than the control. The study also showed increase of ethanol oxidation and decrease of butyrate and butanol with NZVI addition. Mechanism study showed NZVI can stimulate caproate production by preventing pH to fall below 5.4 through displacement reaction. Electron balance analysis displayed that NZVI provides extra electron by promoting ethanol oxidation and its dissolution. H2 was the potential electron shuttle between NZVI and chain elongators; High throughput sequencing showed function of NZVI on reshaping of microbial communities, especially enriching Oscillibacter Marseille-P3260, a kind of chain elongator and Corynebacterium which possesses fatty acid biosynthesis and iron utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindi Fu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xi Jin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Rong Ye
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.
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45
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Xie S, Ma J, Li L, He Q, Xu P, Ke S, Shi Z. Anaerobic caproate production on carbon chain elongation: Effect of lactate/butyrate ratio, concentration and operation mode. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124893. [PMID: 33690059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to understand how lactate-to-butyrate ratio and substrates concentrations affect the caproate production and product structure. The results showed that a higher butyrate-to-lactate ratio is beneficial to caproate production at low initial lactate concentration. Low pH (5.0) and low substrate concentration (20 mM and 40 mM) effectively decreased propionate production via restrained acrylate pathway, resulting in higher electron efficiency of caproate. With the optimum mole ratio of lactate to butyrate (1:4) and 80 mM initial butyrate concentration, the electron efficiency of caproate reached the maximum (43.10%). Moreover, high butyrate concentration suppressed the production of odd-carbon-number carboxylates while promoting the production of caproate. Compared with the batch operation, the caproate production in semi-continuous operation was enhanced by 3.45 times to 30.91 ± 1.07 mM as the acrylate pathway was successfully inhibited in semi-continuous experiments due to low pH and low lactate concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanbiao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China.
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China
| | - Qiulai He
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China
| | - Shuizhou Ke
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China
| | - Zhou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China
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46
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Wirth S, Dürre P. Investigation of putative genes for the production of medium-chained acids and alcohols in autotrophic acetogenic bacteria. Metab Eng 2021; 66:296-307. [PMID: 33894339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Gas fermentation is a technology for producing platform chemicals as well as fuels and one of the most promising alternatives to petrochemicals. Medium-chained acids and alcohols such as hexanoate and hexanol are particularly interesting due to their versatile application. This study elucidated the pathway of chain elongation in native C6 compound-producing acetogens. Essential genes of Clostridium carboxidivorans for synthesis of medium-chained acids and alcohols were identified in order to demonstrate their catalytic activity in the acetogenic model organism Acetobacterium woodii. Two such gene clusters were identified, which are responsible for conversion of acetyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA by reverse β-oxidation. Using RT-PCR it could be demonstrated that only genes of cluster 1 are expressed constitutively with simultaneous formation of C6 compounds. Based on genes from C. carboxidivorans, a modular hexanoyl-CoA synthesis (hcs) plasmid system was constructed and transferred into A. woodii. With the recombinant A. woodii strains AWO [pPta_hcs1], AWO [pPta_hcs2], AWO [pTet_hcs1], and AWO [pTet_hcs2] butyrate and hexanoate production under heterotrophic (1.22-4.15 mM hexanoate) and autotrophic conditions (0.48-1.56 mM hexanoate) with both hcs clusters could be detected. hcs Cluster 1 from C. carboxidivorans was transferred into the ABE-fermenting strain Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum as well. For further analysis, genes were also cloned into the hcs plasmid system individually. The resulting recombinant C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum strains with just individual genes neither produced hexanoate nor hexanol, but the strains containing the entire gene cluster were capable of chain elongation. A production of 0.8 mM hexanoate and 5.2 mM hexanol in the fermentation with glucose could be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Wirth
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Peter Dürre
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
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Candry P, Ganigué R. Chain elongators, friends, and foes. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 67:99-110. [PMID: 33529974 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioproduction of medium chain carboxylic acids has recently emerged as an alternative strategy to valorize low-value organic waste and side-streams. Key to this route is chain elongation, an anaerobic microbial process driven by ethanol, lactic acid, or carbohydrates. Because these technologies use wastes as feedstocks, mixed microbial communities are often considered as biocatalysts. Understanding and steering these microbiomes is key to optimize bioprocess performance. From a meta-analysis of publicly available sequencing data, we (i) explore how the current collection of isolated chain elongators compares to microbiome members, (ii) discuss the main beneficial and antagonistic interactions with community partners, and (iii) identify the key research gaps and needs to help understand chain elongation microbiomes, and design/steer these novel bioproduction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Candry
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195-2700, USA
| | - Ramon Ganigué
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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48
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Wu Q, Feng X, Chen Y, Liu M, Bao X. Continuous medium chain carboxylic acids production from excess sludge by granular chain-elongation process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123471. [PMID: 32693336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Short chain carboxylic acids (SCCAs) production is one of the primary ways to recycle excess sludge (ES). However, the high cost for the SCCAs separation/extraction due to its complete miscibility in water hinders the practical application of SCCAs and the popularization of this recycling way. To overcome this barrier, this study performed an emerging chain elongation (CE) technology to upgrade the SCCAs-rich sludge fermentation broth into the highly hydrophobic medium chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs). In a continuous expanded granule sludge bed (EGSB) reactor, a maximal MCCAs yield of 67.39 % and the corresponding concentration of 9.80 g COD/L (224.97 mM C/L) were achieved. By supplying CO2 at a loading rate of 2 [Formula: see text] to lower the hydrogen partial pressure, the ethanol utilization rate and the resulting MCCAs yield were further improved. In addition, three branched-MCCAs including iso-caproate, iso-heptylate, and iso-caprylate were obtained the first time from waste biomass with the average proportions of 6.17 %, 3.65 %, and 0.8 %, respectively. The branched-MCCAs came from the CE of branched-SCCAs. The granule sludges performing CE were mainly consisted of rod-shaped cells, and dominated by Clostridium sensu stricto and Clostridium IV. This study is expected to lay a foundation for recycling ES to MCCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian Wu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiaochi Feng
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xian Bao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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49
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Shen R, Jing Y, Feng J, Zhao L, Yao Z, Yu J, Chen J, Chen R. Simultaneous carbon dioxide reduction and enhancement of methane production in biogas via anaerobic digestion of cornstalk in continuous stirred-tank reactors: The influences of biochar, environmental parameters, and microorganisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124146. [PMID: 32977099 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The composition of biogas produced by anaerobic digestion (AD) is typically not ideal due to high CO2 content. In the study, cottonwood biochar was used as an enhanced mediator for the continuously stirred tank reactor AD of cornstalk. The effects of substrate loading and biochar dosage on biogas composition, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), NH3-N, and microbial community characteristics were systematically explored. The results showed that the highest volumetric biogas production rate with biochar was 1.40 L/L/d, at the same time, the CO2 content in the biogas decreased by 5.90%, while the CH4 content increased by 7.40%, compared with the values in AD without biochar. Moreover, VFAs were degraded effectively, in particular, the propionic acid concentration decreased by 55.7%. Besides, microbial abundance had positive correlations with environmental parameters. This study could provide valuable information for both the elucidation of strengthening mechanisms of biochar and further large-scale engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Shen
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Yong Jing
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Lixin Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zonglu Yao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiadong Yu
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Jiankun Chen
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Runlu Chen
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
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50
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Ghysels S, Buffel S, Rabaey K, Ronsse F, Ganigué R. Biochar and activated carbon enhance ethanol conversion and selectivity to caproic acid by Clostridium kluyveri. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124236. [PMID: 33254460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Syngas from biomass or steel mills can be fermented into a dilute stream of ethanol and acetic acid, which requires energy intensive distillation for product recovery. This can be circumvented by selective secondary fermentation of the syngas fermentation effluent to caproic acid as easier recoverable platform chemical with Clostridium kluyveri. Here, we explore the impact of biochar and activated carbon on this process. Changes during the fermentation with biochar or activated carbon were monitored, different doses were tested and the recyclability of biochar and activated carbon was assessed. Biochar decreased the lag phase and increased the caproic acid production rate (up to 0.50 g·L-1·h-1). Upon recycling for subsequent fermentation, biochar retained this property largely. Activated carbon addition, especially at high dose, could potentially increase the conversion and selectivity towards caproic acid to 14.15 g·L-1 (control: 11.01 g·L-1) and 92% (control: 84%), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef Ghysels
- Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Buffel
- Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Belgium
| | - Frederik Ronsse
- Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ramon Ganigué
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Belgium.
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