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Chen S, Zhao Z, Li L, Cui F. Comparison of UV/PS and VUV/PS as ultrafiltration pretreatment: Performance, mechanisms, DBPs formation and toxicity assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174457. [PMID: 38969137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Ultrafiltration (UF) is widely used in drinking water plants, nevertheless, it still encounters challenges stemming from inevitable membrane fouling caused by natural organic matter (NOM). Herein, this work applied VUV/PS as UF membrane pretreatment and used UV/PS for comparison. VUV/PS system exhibited superior ability in removing NOM compared to UV/PS system. HO and SO4- played crucial roles in the degradation. [SO4-]ss was notably higher than [HO]ss in the systems, yet HO was of greater significance. [HO]ss and [SO4-]ss in the VUV/PS process were remarkably higher than those in the UV/PS process, due to the function of 185 nm photons. VUV/PS pretreatment basically recovered flux and effectively reduced fouling resistance, with better performance than UV/PS. Fouling mechanism was dominated by multiple mechanisms after UV/PS pretreatment, whereas it was transformed into pore blockage after VUV/PS pretreatment. Moreover, the UF effluent quality after VUV/PS pretreatment outperformed that of UV/PS but fell short of that without pretreatment, possibly due to the generation of abundant low MW substances under the action of HO and SO4-. After chlorine disinfection, UV/PS and VUV/PS pretreatments increased the DBPs production and cytotoxicity. Specifically, oxidant PS affected the membrane surface morphology and fouling behaviors, and had no obvious effect on interception performance and mechanical properties. In actual water treatment, VUV/PS and UV/PS pretreatments exhibited excellent performance in alleviating membrane fouling, improving water quality, and reducing DBPs formation and acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Chen
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China; School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Li Li
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Fuyi Cui
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
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2
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Nakaya Y, Tomita A, Yamamura H. Solid-phase fluorescence: Reproducibility and comparison with the solution states. Talanta 2024; 270:125566. [PMID: 38141468 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (SPF-EEM) spectroscopy has potential for non-extractive, non-destructive, and non-contact analytical measurements of powder and solid-state samples, as well as front-face EEM spectroscopy for suspensions of high optical density. However, as there is no unified measurement method for SPF spectroscopy, comparing samples measured in different research fields is difficult. Therefore, this study designs a cell that can be created by a 3D printer and examines reproducibility on measuring fluorescent powders. The developed cell is applied to proteins (ovalbumin, BSA, gliadin, gluten, powdered collagen, casein), amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine), soybean ingredients (daidzein, and genistein), and fluorescent chemicals (rhodamine B, fluorescein sodium salt, pyrene, and quinine sulfate dihydrate) and their spectra are compared with those in the solution states. When samples are refilled into the cell three times, the cell exhibits high reproducibility in terms of fluorescence peak wavelength and intensity. The solid proteins exhibit peaks attributed to the fluorescent amino acid residues, and broad peaks which are not detected for the proteins in the solution states. Powdered rhodamine B and fluorescein sodium salt do not exhibit fluorescence, possibly due to the inner-filter effect (IFE). Some non-colored molecules also exhibit loss of fluorescence or a remarkable difference between the solid and solution states, possibly due to the interaction of the fluorescent structure with the surrounding local environment, similar to the solvent effect, which is possibly affected by the molecular proximity, three-dimensional structure, and moisture absorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakaya
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Tomita
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamura
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
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3
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Wang H, Yu Z, Liao M, Wu C, Yang J, Zhao J, Wang J, Bai L, Li G, Liang H. Replacing traditional pretreatment in one-step UF with natural short-distance riverbank filtration: Continuous contaminants removal and TMP increase relief. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120948. [PMID: 38064787 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Scientists have been focusing on applying more natural processes instead of industrial chemicals in drinking water treatment to achieve the purpose of carbon emissions reduction. In this study, we shortened the infiltration range of riverbank filtration, a natural water purification process, to form the short-distance riverbank filtration (sRBF) which retained its ability in water quality improvement and barely influenced the groundwater environment, and integrated it with ultrafiltration (UF) to form a one-step sRBF-UF system. This naturalness-artificiality combination could realize stable contaminants removal and trans-membrane pressure (TMP) increase relief for over 30 days without dosing chemicals. Generally, both sRBF and UF played the important role in river water purification, and the interaction between them made the one-step sRBF-UF superior in long-term operation. The sRBF could efficiently remove contaminants (90 % turbidity, 60 % total nitrogen, 30 % ammonia nitrogen, and 25 % total organic carbon) and reduce the membrane fouling potential of river water under its optimum operation conditions, i.e., a hydraulic retention time of 48 h, an operation temperature of 20 °C, and a synergistic filter material of aquifer and riverbank soil. Synergistic adsorption, interception, and microbial biodegradation were proved to be the mechanisms of contaminants and foulants removal for sRBF. The sequential UF also participated in the reduction of impurities and especially played a role in intercepting microbial metabolism products and possibly leaked microorganisms from sRBF, assuring the safety of product water. To date, the one-step sRBF-UF was a new attempt to combine a natural process with an artificial one, and realized a good and stable product quality in long-term operation without doing industrial chemicals, which made it a promised alternative for water purification for cities alongside the river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Zhangjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Mengzhe Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Chuandong Wu
- Harbin Institute of Technology National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources Co., Ltd., Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jiaxuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Langming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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4
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Arshad Z, Bang TH, Kim MS, Shin KH, Park HY, Hur J. Quantitative source tracking for organic foulants in ultrafiltration membrane using stable isotope probing approach. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120989. [PMID: 38101049 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantitatively identifying the primary sources of organic membrane fouling is essential for the effective implementation of membrane technology and optimal water resource management prior to the treatment. This study leveraged carbon stable isotope tracers to estimate the quantitative contributions of various organic sources to membrane fouling in an ultrafiltration system. Effluent organic matter (EfOM) and aquatic natural organic matter (NOM), two common sources, were combined in five different proportions to evaluate their mixed effects on flux decline and the consequent fouling behaviors. Generally, biopolymer (BP) and low molecular weight neutral (LMWN) size fractions - abundantly present in EfOM - were identified as significant contributors to reversible and irreversible fouling, respectively. Fluorescence spectroscopy disclosed that a protein-like component notably influenced overall membrane fouling, whereas humic-like components were predominantly responsible for irreversible fouling rather than reversible fouling. Fluorescence index (FI) and biological index (BIX), common fluorescence source tracers, showed promise in determining the source contribution for reversible foulants. However, these optical indices were insufficient in accurately determining individual source contributions to irreversible fouling, resulting in inconsistencies with the observed hydraulic analysis. Conversely, applying a carbon stable isotope-based mixing model yielded reasonable estimates for all membrane fouling. The contribution of EfOM surpassed 60 % for reversible fouling and increased with its content in DOM source mixtures. In contrast, aquatic NOM dominated irreversible fouling, contributing over 85 %, regardless of the source mixing ratios. This study emphasizes the potential of stable isotope techniques in accurately estimating the contributions of different organic matter sources to both reversible and irreversible membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshan Arshad
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Truong Hai Bang
- Optical Materials Research Group, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Min-Seob Kim
- Environmental Measurement and Analysis Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, South Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Park
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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Yu H, Huang H, Zhong L, Wu S, Yang H, Rong H, Liang H, Qu F, Ma J. Evaluation of Front-Face Fluorescence for Assessing Cyanobacteria Fouling in Ultrafiltration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17649-17658. [PMID: 37910031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria fouling in ultrafiltration (UF) drinking water treatment poses a significant threat to the stability and sustainability of the process. Both phycocyanin found in cyanobacteria and the polymer membrane exhibit strong fluorescence, which could be readily detected using front-face excitation-emission matrix (FF-EEM) spectroscopy. In this study, FF-EEM was employed for the nondestructive and in situ characterization of algae fouling evolution in UF, while also analyzing fouling mechanisms and reversibility. The results indicated that phycocyanin fluorescence on the membrane surface showed a linear correlation with the specific algal cell count on the membrane surface before reaching saturation. As fouling progressed, membrane fluorescence decreased, which was associated with the extent of the surface coverage on the membrane. The plateau in membrane fluorescence indicated full coverage, coinciding with the cake filtration mechanism, cake compression, and deterioration of fouling reversibility. These findings highlight the promise of FF-EEM as a valuable tool for monitoring and evaluating fouling of cyanobacteria in UF systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Yu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huan Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shihua Wu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haiyang Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongwei Rong
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Fangshu Qu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
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Wu S, Ma B, Fan H, Hua X, Hu C, Ulbricht M, Qu J. Influence of water quality factors on cake layer 3D structures and water channels during ultrafiltration process. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120226. [PMID: 37364354 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) structure of the cake layer, which could be influenced by water quality factors, plays a significant role in the ultrafiltration (UF) efficiency of water purification. However, it remains challenging to precisely reveal the variation of cake layer 3D structures and water channel characteristics. Herein, we systematically report the variation in the cake layer 3D structure at the nanoscale induced by key water quality factors and reveal its influence on water transport, in particular the abundance of water channels within the cake layer. In comparison with pH and Na+, Ca2+ played more significant role in determining cake layer structures. The sandwich-like cake layer, which was induced by the asynchronous deposition of humic acids and sodium alginate (SA), shifted to an isotropic structure when Ca2+ was present due to the Ca2+ bridging. In comparison with the sandwich-like structure, the isotropic cake layer has higher fractions of free volume (voids) and more water channels, leading to a 147% improvement in the water transport coefficient, 60% reduction in the cake layer resistance, and 21% increase in the final membrane specific flux. Our work elucidates a structure-property relationship where improving the isotropy of the cake layer 3D structure is conducive to the optimization of water channels and water transport within cake layers. This could inspire tailored regulation strategies for cake layers to enhance the UF efficiency of water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baiwen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45117, Germany.
| | - Hongwei Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin Hua
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mathias Ulbricht
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45117, Germany
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Yu H, Yang H, Wei G, Mameda N, Qu F, Rong H. UV/Fe(II)/S(IV) Pretreatment for Ultrafiltration of Microcystis aeruginosa-Laden Water: Fe(II)/Fe(III) Triggered Synergistic Oxidation and Coagulation. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050463. [PMID: 37233524 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafiltration (UF) has been proven effective in removing algae during seasonal algal blooms, but the algal cells and the metabolites can induce severe membrane fouling, which undermines the performance and stability of the UF. Ultraviolet-activated sulfite with iron (UV/Fe(II)/S(IV)) could enable an oxidation-reduction coupling circulation and exert synergistic effects of moderate oxidation and coagulation, which would be highly preferred in fouling control. For the first time, the UV/Fe(II)/S(IV) was systematically investigated as a pretreatment of UF for treating Microcystis aeruginosa-laden water. The results showed that the UV/Fe(II)/S(IV) pretreatment significantly improved the removal of organic matter and alleviated membrane fouling. Specifically, the organic matter removal increased by 32.1% and 66.6% with UV/Fe(II)/S(IV) pretreatment for UF of extracellular organic matter (EOM) solution and algae-laden water, respectively, while the final normalized flux increased by 12.0-29.0%, and reversible fouling was mitigated by 35.3-72.5%. The oxysulfur radicals generated in the UV/S(IV) degraded the organic matter and ruptured the algal cells, and the low-molecular-weight organic matter generated in the oxidation penetrated the UF and deteriorated the effluent. The over-oxidation did not happen in the UV/Fe(II)/S(IV) pretreatment, which may be attributed to the cyclic redox Fe(II)/Fe(III) coagulation triggered by the Fe(II). The UV-activated sulfate radicals in the UV/Fe(II)/S(IV) enabled satisfactory organic removal and fouling control without over-oxidation and effluent deterioration. The UV/Fe(II)/S(IV) promoted the aggregation of algal foulants and postponed the shift of the fouling mechanisms from standard pore blocking to cake filtration. The UV/Fe(II)/S(IV) pretreatment proved effective in enhancing the UF for algae-laden water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Yu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haiyang Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guangmei Wei
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Naresh Mameda
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, College of Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram 522303, India
| | - Fangshu Qu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongwei Rong
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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8
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Chen L, Li R, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Chen J, Wang L, Zhu H, Zhang M, Zhang H. In Situ Visualization of Membrane Fouling Evolution during Ultrafiltration Using Label-Free Hyperspectral Light Sheet Fluorescence Imaging. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4533-4542. [PMID: 36869003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Profound understanding of fouling behaviors and underlying mechanisms is fundamentally important for fouling control in membrane-based environmental applications. Therefore, it entails novel noninvasive analytical approaches for in situ characterizing the formation and development of membrane fouling processes. This work presents a characterization approach based on hyperspectral light sheet fluorescence microscopy (HSPEC-LSFM), which is capable of discriminating various foulants and providing their 2-dimensional/3-dimensional spatial distributions on/in membranes in a label-free manner. A fast, highly sensitive and noninvasive imaging platform was established by developing a HSPEC-LSFM system and further extending it to incorporate a laboratory-scale pressure-driven membrane filtration system. Hyperspectral data sets with a spectral resolution of ∼1.1 nm and spatial resolution of ∼3 μm as well as the temporal resolution of ∼8 s/plane were obtained, and the fouling formation and development process of foulants onto membrane surfaces, within the pores and on the pore walls were clearly observed during the ultrafiltration of protein and humic substances solutions. Pore blocking/constriction at short times while cake growth/concentration polarization at longer times was found to have coupled effects for the flux decline in these filtration tests, and yet the contribution of each effect as well as the transition of the governing mechanisms was found distinct. These results demonstrate in situ label-free characterization of membrane fouling evolution with the recognition of foulant species during filtration and provide new insights into membrane fouling. This work offers a powerful tool to investigate dynamic processes for a wide range of membrane-based explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Chen
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Renjian Li
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yizhi Xu
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Beijing Memtech Environmental Technology Ltd. Co, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Haiou Zhu
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
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Wang J, Yue W, Wang Z, Bai Y, Song J. Removal effect of trihalomethanes (THMs) and halogenated acetic acids (HAAs) precursors in reclaimed water by polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulation. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:672-684. [PMID: 36789711 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the removal effect of various doses of polyaluminum chloride (PACI) on wastewater treatment plants at pH 7. The sewage plant's secondary effluent organic matter (EfOM) separates into four components: hydrophobic base (HOB), hydrophilic (HI), hydrophobic acid (HOA), and hydrophobic neutral (HON). The removal effect for various forms of organic waste is optimum at 16 mg/L and that halogenated acetic acids (HAAs) and trihalomethanes (THMs) are formed simultaneously. After PACI treatment, hydrophobic organic compounds were converted to humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), soluble microbial products (SMPs), and other HI organic compounds, increasing the amount of HAAs produced by HI fractions. Removal rate of hydrophobic organic compounds, particularly HON, is 92.8% when using PAC. Moreover, after EfOM coagulation, most HAAs are trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), followed by bromochloroacetic acid (BCAA) and bromodichloroacetic acid (BDCAA). Only HOB can produce monochloroacetic acid (MCAA), whereas HA and SMPs with HOA are primary components of dichloroacetic acid (DCAA). The toughest removable byproduct of THMs is CHBr3, and after condensation of each THM component, only HOA and HON produce CHBr3, while HI produces only a minimal quantity of CHBrCl2 and CHCl3.This finding is critical for understanding how disinfection byproducts are produced after chlorinating EfOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Wang
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, No. 19 Taiji Road, Handan City, Hebei Province 056038, China
| | - Wen Yue
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, No. 19 Taiji Road, Handan City, Hebei Province 056038, China
| | - Zhenghao Wang
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210024, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Handan Municipal Engineering Company, Handan City, Hebei Province 056001, China
| | - Jina Song
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, No. 19 Taiji Road, Handan City, Hebei Province 056038, China
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10
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Li Y, Wang Y, Jin J, Tian Z, Yang W, Graham NJD, Yang Z. Enhanced removal of trace pesticides and alleviation of membrane fouling using hydrophobic-modified inorganic-organic hybrid flocculants in the flocculation-sedimentation-ultrafiltration process for surface water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119447. [PMID: 36476382 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide concentrations in surface water occasionally exceed regulated values due to seasonal events (rainy season in high intensity agricultural areas) or intermittent discharges (leakage, spillage, or other emergency events). The need to remove pesticide compounds in these situations poses a challenge for drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). In this work, the performance of dosing hydrophobic-modified inorganic-organic hybrid flocculants (HOC-M; lower acute toxicity than corresponding metal salt coagulants; acceptable economic costs when M=Al or Fe; prepared in large-scale quantities), for the removal of four different pesticides (each initial concentration: 0.25 μg/L) from Yangtze River water, and in mitigating membrane fouling, by an integrated flocculation-sedimentation-ultrafiltration (FSUF) process, was evaluated over a period of 40 days; the FSUF is well-established in many DWTPs. The mechanisms underlying the treatment were unveiled by employing a combination of instrumental characterizations, chemical computations, material flow analyses, and statistical analyses. Efficient pesticide removal (80.3%∼94.3%) and membrane fouling reduction (26.6%∼37.3% and 28.3%∼57.6% for reversible and irreversible membrane resistance, respectively) in the FSUF process were achieved by dosing HOC-M, whereas conventional inorganic coagulants were substantially inferior for pesticide removal (< 50%) and displayed more severe fouling development. Hydrophobic association between the pesticides and the hydrophobic organic chain of HOC-M played a predominant role in the improvement in pesticide removal; coexisting particulate/colloid inorganic minerals and natural organic matter with HOC-M adsorbed on the surface, acting as floc building materials, provided sites for the indirect combination of pesticides into flocs. The observed fouling alleviation from dosing HOC-M was ascribed to both the pre-removal of fouling-causing materials in the flocculation-sedimentation prior to UF, and a stable hydrophilization modification effect of residual HOC-M in the UF unit. The latter effect resulted from a hydrophobic association between the PVDF substrate of the membranes and the hydrophobic organic chains of the HOC-M, causing the hydrophilic ends of the HOC-M to be exposed away from the membrane surface, thereby inhibiting foulant accumulation. This work has not only demonstrated the superior performance of dosing HOC-M in the FSUF process for trace pesticide removal in DWTPs, but also clarified the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin Jin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziqi Tian
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Weiben Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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11
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Nakaya Y, Tomita A, Ochiai K, Yamamura H. Quantification of organic fluorophores in absorbing media by solid-phase fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (SPF-EEM) spectroscopy of modeled mixtures containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and colorants. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 285:121885. [PMID: 36126625 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (SPF-EEM) spectroscopy is beneficial for investigating the characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) in the solid phase without extraction procedures. However, inner filter effect (IFE) due to the presence of dark components in samples can make it difficult to quantify the fluorophore concentration. To establish a new method to determine unknown concentrations of a fluorescent material in a sample containing various absorbing materials by SPF spectroscopy, modeled mixtures containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) and colorants at different ratios were examined. Fluorescence intensities of BSA against various concentrations afforded different saturation curves for different colorants in the mixtures, suggesting that it is difficult to use the SPF intensity for quantifying the concentration of fluorescent samples in which IFE has occurred, because one cannot obtain a single calibration curve that does not depend on the absorbing medium that it is mixed in. However, products of the fluorescence intensity and Kubelka-Munk (KM) function at the excitation wavelength were proportional to the first order of BSA weight concentrations, regardless of the colorant type. By using this trend as a calibration curve, it may be possible to quantify the amount of BSA from its SPF-EEM spectrum. In this study, the KM function was obtained using an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer with an integrating sphere. To reduce the labor and equipment cost of UV-Vis spectroscopy, a substrate of the KM function also was obtained from the Rayleigh scattering in an SPF-EEM spectrum, which could be used as a parameter for calibration curves that quantify the BSA concentration. Although further studies are required, this study proposed that the product of the SPF intensity and KM function at the excitation wavelength can be partially used for an empirical formula to quantify a variety of fluorescent materials mechanically mixed with various absorbing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakaya
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Tomita
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ochiai
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamura
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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12
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Yu B, Li X, He M, Li Y, Ding J, Zhong Y, Zhang H. Selective production of singlet oxygen for harmful cyanobacteria inactivation and cyanotoxins degradation: Efficiency and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129940. [PMID: 36108496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about the impact of singlet oxygen (1O2) on the characteristics and inactivation of harmful cyanobacterial organic matter is limited. In this study, the feasibility of using an improved single-iron doped graphite-like phase carbon nitride catalyst (FeCN) to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) catalytic production of 1O2 to inactivate four harmful cyanobacteria was investigated. The inactivation efficiencies at 30 min were 92.77%, 66.84%, 91.06%, and 93.45% for Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa), Nodularia harveyana, Oscillatoria sp., and Nostoc sp., respectively. This was associated with adjusting experimental parameters, such as the FeCN and PMS doses and initial pH, to obtain the maximum 1O2 yield. The quenching experiment results and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra showed that 1O2 generated via the non-radical pathway might play a dominant role in inactivating harmful cyanobacteria and degrading harmful algal toxins (Microcystin-LR and Nodularin). In addition, the FeCN-PMS system not only effectively destroyed the integrity of harmful cyanobacterial cells but also effectively degraded cyanobacterial toxins, thereby preventing severe secondary contamination by cell rupture. A possible removal mechanism was proposed. This reveals the potential of 1O2 to simultaneously inactivate harmful cyanobacteria and degrade harmful cyanobacterial toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhi Yu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xizi Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengfan He
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiafeng Ding
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuchi Zhong
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Interplay of organic components in membrane fouling evolution: Statistical evidence from multiple spectroscopic analyses. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Xiang W, Yao J, Velizarov S, Han L. Unravelling the fouling behavior of anion-exchange membrane (AEM) by organic solute of varying characteristics. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Yu B, Sun J, Zhao K, Ma F, Sun L, Shao J, Tian J, Hu C. Mitigating membrane fouling by coupling coagulation and the electrokinetic effect in a novel electrocoagulation membrane cathode reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 217:118378. [PMID: 35381555 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane reactors with efficient antifouling and low maintenance are desirable for distributed membrane water treatment. In this study, a novel membrane separation reactor with an Al anode and a conductive membrane as the cathode was built to develop a chemical-free method for mitigating membrane fouling via electrocoagulation coupled with the electrokinetic effect. The electrostatic repulsion between humic acid (HA) and the membrane cathode reduced the adhesion of HA foulants on the membrane, thereby contributing to antifouling in the initial stage. Electrocoagulation and polarization induced by the electric field enlarged the HA-Al flocs, which prevented membrane pore blocking and facilitated the formation of a porous cake layer, thereby leading to a high water flux of the electrocoagulation membrane cathode reactor (ECMCR) in the stable stage. The bubbles from hydrogen evolution on the membrane cathode scoured the HA foulants and washed out the dense cake layer, thereby playing an important role in membrane fouling mitigation. Compared with membrane filtration, the membrane cathode reactor, membrane anode reactor, and HA removal of the ECMCR increased by 9.6, 8.3, and 2.8 times, respectively, whereas the transmembrane pressure decreased by 84.6%, 21.5%, and 63.0%, respectively. The synergy of electrocoagulation and the electrokinetic effect provides the ECMCR with a feasible method of antifouling and improved effluent quality with low maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Yu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jingqiu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fangkai Ma
- Changjiang Survey, Planning, Design and Research Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Lingkai Sun
- Changjiang Survey, Planning, Design and Research Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Junrong Shao
- Changjiang Survey, Planning, Design and Research Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Jiayu Tian
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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16
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Chen L, Zhang Y, Li R, Xu Y, Zhu H, Zhang M, Zhang H. In situ visualization of combined membrane fouling behaviors using multi-color light sheet fluorescence imaging: A study with BSA and dextran mixture. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Wang C, Ng TCA, Ding M, Ng HY. Insights on fouling development and characteristics during different fouling stages between a novel vibrating MBR and an air-sparging MBR for domestic wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 212:118098. [PMID: 35114533 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling remains a major hindrance to a prevalent application of membrane bioreactor (MBR) for wastewater treatment. Vibrating membrane technology has recently attracted increasing attention in energy-efficient fouling control in MBR compared to air sparging. However, little is known about its fundamental fouling control mechanism and whether the vibrating MBR (VMBR) is a highly effective strategy to control fouling constitutions and fouling sources compared to the conventional air-sparging MBR (ASMBR). This study operated two parallel MBRs with vibrating or air-sparging membrane modules for long-term (215 d) real domestic wastewater treatment. Effects of air sparging and vibration rates on fouling control, fouling development and fouling sources across three fouling stages were comprehensively evaluated. Results showed that the VMBR achieved 70% lower fouling rates compared to the ASMBR due to a remarkable retardation in each fouling stage by membrane vibration. The VMBR significantly reduced over 62.7% of colloidCL and SMPCL within the cake layer (CL) to simultaneously alleviate the reversible and irreversible fouling compared to the ASMBR. The comparatively lower dissolved organic matter (DOM) and biopolymer contents in the cake layer of the VMBR resulted in a slower TMP rise. The main DOMs in the foulants of both MBRs were found in the following order: aromatic protein > soluble microbial by-products > other organics. EPSML from mixed liquor (ML) contributed more DOMs to form membrane foulant than the SMPML in both MBRs. Aromatic proteins and soluble microbial products in the EPSML were markedly reduced in the VMBR but increased in the ASMBR in high-shear phase, demonstrating higher effectiveness in fouling control by membrane vibration. This study provided insights into understanding fouling control, fouling development characteristics and fouling mechanisms between the VMBR and ASMBR, which might guide the researchers and engineers to apply novel vibrating MBRs to better control membrane fouling for holistic wastewater treatment in full scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansheng Wang
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 3, 117580 Singapore
| | - Tze Chiang Albert Ng
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 3, 117580 Singapore; National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore.
| | - Meiyue Ding
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 3, 117580 Singapore; National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore
| | - How Yong Ng
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 3, 117580 Singapore; National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore.
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18
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Cui Z, Wang X, Ngo H, Zhu G. In-situ monitoring of membrane fouling migration and compression mechanism with improved ultraviolet technique in membrane bioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126684. [PMID: 35007735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An improved UV spectrum in-situ monitoring system was applied to explore the membrane fouling behavior in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). The changes in absorbance curve illustrated that the formation of a stubborn fouling layer includes the migration and compression of membrane surface foulants. The initial flux negatively correlates with the migration degree (unevenness) of membrane fouling, while fiber length is positively correlated. In further experiments, ultrasonic thickness measurement excludes fouling layer compression caused by spatial collapse under external force. Moisture content measurement tests demonstrated that the moisture content changed from 52% to 31% after fouling layer compression, which confirmed that the fouling layer compression is mainly caused by the "high pressure dehydration effect". Finally, a membrane backwashing strategy based on fouling layer compression theory indicated that the backwashing process should be carried out at a stage where the accumulation of membrane fouling is constant but the fouling layer is not compressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Cui
- School of Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Huuhao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Guangcan Zhu
- School of Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
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19
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Wang J, Liang H, Tang X, Gan Z, Li G. Chemicals-free approach control interface characteristics of nanofiltration membrane: Feasibility and mechanism insight into CEM electrolysis. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 206:117761. [PMID: 34678698 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The combined fouling effect prevalent in the nanofiltration (NF) process severely limits its use. In this study, cation exchange membrane (CEM) electrolysis was performed to alleviate NF membrane fouling by controlling interface characteristics. The results revealed that CEM electrolysis (hydraulic retention time with 0.24 or 0.36 h) effectively improved NF membrane permeability by 201%-211% and achieved a stability of > 8 LMH/bar. The divalent cations were removed through CEM electrolysis, with a decrease in Ca2+ and Mg2+ by approximately 68.8% and 30.9%, respectively, which was related to scaling potential reduction. This softening function reduced the possibility of bridging of organics with divalent cations, which contributed to the lower molecular weight of organic matter (mainly humic substances) distributed in 1.4-23 kDa. The improved organic indicators of the NF membrane permeate quality implied that the membrane interface characteristics improved. The foulant layer on the NF membrane dominated humic substances, and biopolymers exhibited hydrophobic, smooth, and porous characteristics. The self-aggregation of foulants on the NF membrane surface stimulated the interface characteristics with high water permeability. Energy consumption confirmed the feasibility of CEM electrolysis on NF application. Thus, CEM electrolysis as a chemical-free approach that can be combined with NF and can provide guidance for NF membrane fouling in urban water treatment and water reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Xiaobin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhendong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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20
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Different combined systems with Fenton-like oxidation and ultrafiltration for industrial wastewater treatment. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Pan Z, Huang Y, Guo H, Huang T, Wen G, Yu H, He J. Synthesis of dual
pH
‐ and temperature‐sensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid)/sewage sludge ash hydrogel with the simultaneously high performance of swelling and deswelling. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Pan
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
- School of Civil Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
| | - Yingru Huang
- School of Civil Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
| | - Haoyong Guo
- School of Civil Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
| | - Tingjian Huang
- School of Civil Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
| | - Gang Wen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an China
| | - Huarong Yu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
- School of Civil Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
| | - Junguo He
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
- School of Civil Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou China
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22
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Mu S, Sun D, Wang J, Zhang H. Characterizing the roles of pretreatment methods for model suspensions in the membrane fouling process: The case of yeast and kaolin. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129621. [PMID: 33493819 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Model suspensions are important substances for characterizing fouling processes to study the mechanism of membrane fouling, thus, choosing a suitable standard suspension is critical for researches on membrane fouling processes. The pretreatment methods of model suspensions have long been neglected, which can alter the physical and chemical properties and affect fouling results. This study compared four different pretreatment methods (centrifuging and drying, magnetic stirring, ultrasonic processing, and dissolving in buffer solution) and found effects on size distribution, dispersion stability, pH variation over time, and fouling properties. Among the characterization of model suspensions, different pretreatment methods led to various changes in physical and chemical properties in this study. Membrane filtration experiments showed that these four pretreatments changed the rate of membrane fouling. The results of the analysis of filtration flux for suspensions indicated that for ultrasonic processing of all suspensions and magnetic stirring of kaolin suspensions, pore blocking was the main mechanism, while cake formation was dominant for the others. Therefore, special attention should be placed on different pretreatment methods and selecting appropriate model foulants. Finally, some guidance on selecting appropriate model foulants was given in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Situ Mu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China; State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Dongxu Sun
- CCCC First Highway Consultants Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China; State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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23
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Wu S, Hua X, Ma B, Fan H, Miao R, Ulbricht M, Hu C, Qu J. Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Natural-Organic-Matter Distribution in the Cake Layer to Precisely Reveal Ultrafiltration Fouling Mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5442-5452. [PMID: 33710872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cake layer formation is the dominant ultrafiltration membrane fouling mechanism after long-term operation. However, precisely analyzing the cake-layer structure still remains a challenge due to its thinness (micro/nano scale). Herein, based on the excellent depth-resolution and foulant-discrimination of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, a three-dimensional analysis of the cake-layer structure caused by natural organic matter was achieved at lower nanoscale for the first time. When humic substances or polysaccharides coexisted with proteins separately, a homogeneous cake layer was formed due to their interactions. Consequently, membrane fouling resistances induced by proteins were reduced by humic substances or polysaccharides, leading to a high flux. However, when humic substances and polysaccharides coexisted, a sandwich-like cake layer was formed owing to the asynchronous deposition based on molecular dynamics simulations. As a result, membrane fouling resistances were superimposed, and the flux was low. Furthermore, it is interesting that cake-layer structures were relatively stable under common UF operating conditions (i.e., concentration and stirring). These findings better elucidate membrane fouling mechanisms of different natural-organic-matter mixtures. Moreover, it is demonstrated that membrane fouling seems lower with a more homogeneous cake layer, and humic substances or polysaccharides play a critical role. Therefore, regulating the cake-layer structure by feed pretreatment scientifically based on proven mechanisms should be an efficient membrane-fouling-control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Hua
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Baiwen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Lehrstuhl fur Technische Chemie II, Universitat Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45117, Germany
| | - Hongwei Fan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universitat Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Rui Miao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Mathias Ulbricht
- Lehrstuhl fur Technische Chemie II, Universitat Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45117, Germany
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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24
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Hong H, Wu S, Wang Q, Qian L, Lu H, Liu J, Lin HJ, Zhang J, Xu WB, Yan C. Trace metal pollution risk assessment in urban mangrove patches: Potential linkage with the spectral characteristics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:115996. [PMID: 33213952 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are inter-tidal ecosystems with important global ecological roles. Today, mangroves around the world are at risk of fragmentation, especially in areas with rapid urbanization. Mangroves experiencing habitat fragmentation may be more intensely affected by human activities and a scenario that might have been ignored by previous studies on trace metal (TM) environmental geochemistry. Here, we investigated the typically fragmented habitats in a subtropical mangrove estuary (the Danshuei Basin in Taiwan Strait) to evaluate how human activities affect the geochemical behaviors of TMs. Ni, Sb, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Cd were the primary contaminants found in the mangrove patches. Metal sequestration from the riverine (Ni, Cr) and in-patch activity (Sb, Zn, Cu, Cd) are primary sources of TM's risk. Using the synthesized pollution risk assessment, we showed that most of the mangrove patches are under moderate pollution risk. A significant relationship between the TMs pollution indicators and the absorption coefficient at 254 nm (a254), implying that the a254 could be a potential convenient parameter in the TMs risk assessment, which might be partly explained by the bio-remediation of sulfate-reduction microorganism. This study demonstrates the ecological risks posed by TM pollution on urban mangrove patches and emphasizes the importance of a more comprehensive survey for estuarine mangrove patch environments to achieve Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Hong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Shengjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Haoliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Hsing-Juh Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Wei-Bin Xu
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Chongling Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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25
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Yu H, Qu F, Wu Z, He J, Rong H, Liang H. Front-face fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (FF-EEM) for direct analysis of flocculated suspension without sample preparation in coagulation-ultrafiltration for wastewater reclamation. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 187:116452. [PMID: 33002775 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy has been suggested as a promising online monitoring technique in water and wastewater treatment processes due to its high sensitivity and selectivity. However, a pre-filtration is still indispensable in fluorescence measurement for removing ubiquitous particles and flocs in real samples to eliminate the strong light scattering that could attenuate fluorescence detection significantly. This study proposed a front-face fluorescence spectroscopy, which could characterize the liquid sample with suspended solids directly without pre-filtration. Front-face excitation-emission matrix (FF-EEM) coupled with parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis was used for analyzing fluorescence components and to probe coagulation of secondary effluent and fouling in the subsequent ultrafiltration (UF), and conventional right-angle fluorescence EEM (RA-EEM) was also compared. The results showed that FF-EEM was less susceptible to turbidity (induced by standard particles) in the secondary effluent compared to RA-EEM. FF-EEM could successfully measure dissolved fluorophores in coagulated suspension without pre-filtration, while conventional RA-EEM was undermined significantly due to the existing flocs. FF-EEM coupled with PARAFAC could accurately probe dissolved organic matter and fouling in coagulation- UF wastewater reclamation processes. Therefore, it was demonstrated that this front-face fluorescence without any sample preparation step might be highly promising in real-time online fluorescence monitoring in multi water and wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Yu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fangshu Qu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zijian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Junguo He
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongwei Rong
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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26
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Realtime and in-situ monitoring of membrane fouling with fiber-optic reflectance UV-vis spectrophotometry (FORUS). CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2020.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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27
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Chen L, Zhang Y, Li R, Zhang H, Zhang M, Zhang H. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy applied for in situ membrane fouling characterization: The microscopic events of hydrophilic membrane in resisting DEX fouling. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116240. [PMID: 32798888 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling restricts the wide applications of membrane technology and therefore, it is essential to develop novel analytical techniques to characterize membrane fouling and to further understand the mechanism behind it. In this work, we demonstrate a capability of high-resolution large-scale 3D visualization and quantification of the foulants on/in membranes during fouling process based on light sheet fluorescence microscopy as a noninvasive reproducible optical approach. The adsorption processes of dextran (DEX) on/in two polyvinylidene fluoride membranes with similar pore structure but distinct surface hydrophilicity were clearly observed. For a hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane, the diffusion and adsorption of the DEX in membrane matrix were much slower compared to that for a hydrophobic membrane. A concentrated foulant layer was observed in the superficial potion of the hydrophilic membrane matrix while the foulants were observed quickly penetrating across the overall hydrophobic PVDF membrane during a short adsorption process. Both the inner concentrated fouling layer (in membrane superficial portion) and the foulant penetration (in membrane asymmetric structure) presented correlations with membrane fouling irreversibility, which could elucidate the microscopic events of hydrophilic membrane in resisting fouling. In addition, the imaging results could be correlated with the XDLVO analysis, suggesting how the membrane-foulant and foulant-foulant interfacial interactions resulted in a time-dependent membrane fouling process. This work provides a fast, highly-sensitive and noninvasive imaging platform for in situ characterization of membrane fouling evolution and should be useful for a wide range of membrane-based process explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Chen
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Renjian Li
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Haoquan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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28
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In situ and online monitoring of the chemical cleaning efficiency by solid-phase fluorescence excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy (SPF-EEM). J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Liu XY, Chen W, Yu HQ. Probing protein-induced membrane fouling with in-situ attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:116052. [PMID: 32622234 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are one of the major contributors to membrane fouling. The interaction between proteins and the polymer membrane at the molecular level is essential for the alleviation/prevention of membrane fouling, but remains unclear. In this work, time-dependent in-situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is applied to investigate the interaction process between two model proteins, bovine serum albumin and lysozyme, and the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane. Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares is integrated with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy analysis to resolve the membrane-induced conformational changes of proteins. The multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares analysis reveals a two-step process in the protein-membrane interaction and provides the kinetics of the conformational transition, which aids the segmentation of the spectral dataset. By applying two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy analysis to different groups of the time-dependent spectra, the sequential order of the secondary structural changes of proteins is determined. The proteins initially undergo unfolding transition to a more open, less structured state, which appears to be triggered by the hydrophobic membrane surface. Afterwards, the proteins become aggregated with the high anti-parallel β-sheet content, aggravating the membrane fouling. The conformational transition process of proteins was also confirmed by the atomic force microscopic images and quartz crystal microbalance measurement. Overall, this work provides an in-depth understanding of the interaction between proteins and the membrane surface, which is helpful for the development of membrane anti-fouling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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30
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Optimization of In Situ Backwashing Frequency for Stable Operation of Anaerobic Ceramic Membrane Bioreactor. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cost-effective and stable operation of an anaerobic ceramic membrane bioreactor (AnCMBR) depends on operational strategies to minimize membrane fouling. A novel strategy for backwashing, filtration and relaxation was optimized for stable operation of a side stream tubular AnCMBR treating domestic wastewater at the ambient temperature. Two in situ backwashing schemes (once a day at 60 s/day, and twice a day at 60 s × 2/day) maintaining 55 min filtration and 5 min relaxation as a constant were compared. A flux level over 70% of the initial membrane flux was stabilized by in situ permeate backwashing irrespective of its frequency. The in situ backwashing by permeate once a day was better for energy saving, stable membrane filtration and less permeate consumption. Ex situ chemical cleaning after 60 days’ operation was carried out using pure water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and citric acid as the order. The dominant cake layer was effectively reduced by in situ backwashing, and the major organic foulants were fulvic acid-like substances and humic acid-like substances. Proteobacteria, Firmucutes, Epsilonbacteria and Bacteroides were the major microbes attached to the ceramic membrane fouling layer which were effectively removed by NaOCl.
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31
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Tang J, Jia H, Mu S, Gao F, Qin Q, Wang J. Characterizing synergistic effect of coagulant aid and membrane fouling during coagulation-ultrafiltration via in-situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115477. [PMID: 31945650 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The polymer coagulant aid can effectively enhance the coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) process for the purification of drinking water. However, when coagulant aid entered the filtration, it may also cause serious membrane fouling as polymer. In-situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) were applied to monitor the effects of coagulant aids on the membrane. The causes of fouling were assisted discussed through stage cleaning of the membrane. The equivalent circuit fitting was performed on the EIS data and the Raman spectral data were statistically analyzed after peak fitting. EIS and the cluster analysis of Raman spectroscopy provided an earlier feedback on membrane fouling layers compared to flux. The cause of membrane fouling was explained via variation of characteristic functional groups obtained by Raman spectroscopy. When the molecular weight of the coagulant aid was 160 times,80 times and 16 times larger than the MWCO of the UF membrane, the equivalent circuit obtained by fitting the EIS of the UF system satisfied Rs + c(QpRp), Rs(QcRc)(QpRp) and Rs(Qt(Rc(QpRp))) respectively. Partial correlation analysis showed that the corresponding factors causing irreversible fouling of membrane were humic acid(HA), HA and coagulant aids, coagulant aids. Combined with the mean roughness (Ra) of membrane, the coagulant aid performed differently in the cleaning of contaminated membrane and also affected the cleaning of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Hui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Situ Mu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Qingwen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane filtration and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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32
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Ma B, Wu S, Wang B, Qi Z, Bai Y, Liu H, Qu J, Wu R. Influence of floc dynamic protection layer on alleviating ultrafiltration membrane fouling induced by humic substances. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 90:10-19. [PMID: 32081307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cake layer formation is inevitable over time for ultrafiltration (UF) membrane-based drinking water treatment. Although the cake layer is always considered to cause membrane fouling, it can also act as a "dynamic protection layer", as it further adsorbs pollutants and dramatically reduces their chance of getting to the membrane surface. Here, the UF membrane fouling performance was investigated with pre-deposited loose flocs in the presence of humic acid (HA). The results showed that the floc dynamic protection layer played an important role in removing HA. The higher the solution pH, the more negative the floc charge, resulting in lower HA removal efficiency due to the electrostatic repulsion and large pore size of the floc layer. With decreasing solution pH, a positively charged floc dynamic protection layer was formed, and more HA molecules were adsorbed. The potential reasons were ascribed to the smaller floc size, greater positive charge, and higher roughness of the floc layer. However, similar membrane fouling performance was also observed for the negative and positive floc dynamic protection layers due to their strong looseness characteristics. In addition, the molecular weight (MW) distribution of HA also played an important role in UF membrane fouling behavior. For the small MW HA molecules, the chance of forming a loose cake layer was high with a negatively charged floc dynamic protection layer, while for the large MW HA molecules it was high with a positively charged floc dynamic protection layer. As a result, slight UF membrane fouling was induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiwen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Siqi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zenglu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Huijuan Liu
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Research Center for Water Quality and Ecology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruijun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Materials and Membrane Applications, Tianjin Motimo Membrane Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300457, China
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33
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A fluorescence-based indicator for nanofiltration fouling propensity caused by effluent organic matter (EfOM). Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Liao X, Sun S, Zhou S, Ye M, Liang J, Huang J, Guan Z, Li S. A new strategy on biomining of low grade base-metal sulfide tailings. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 294:122187. [PMID: 31577980 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of designed microbial consortia on biomining of low grade base-metal sulfide tailings. The results show the amount of recycled metals were equal if the tailings were leached by mixed cultures of Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans at three different ratios or by pure culture of L. ferriphilum, which was better than the pure culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) demonstrated only L. ferriphilum functioned in the mixtures at initial stage. The results of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) via three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix combined with parallel factor analysis (3DEEM-PARAFAC) collected from mixed or pure cultures indicated there were no interactions between two strains. Secondary minerals were formed, but did not influence the leaching process. A new strategy for tailings biomining was proposed: only ferrous oxidizers should be added during the initial and middle biomining stage, while sulfur oxidizers should be added at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Liao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuiyu Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Polytechnic of Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan 528216, China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Maoyou Ye
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jialin Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinjia Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhijie Guan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shoupeng Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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35
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Guo H, Tang X, Ganschow G, Korshin GV. Differential ATR FTIR spectroscopy of membrane fouling: Contributions of the substrate/fouling films and correlations with transmembrane pressure. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 161:27-34. [PMID: 31170670 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the formation of fouling films deposited on the surface of a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane during the filtration of alginate solutions with various ionic strengths. Membrane fouling was characterized by changes of the transmembrane pressure (TMP) and ex situ measured attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier-transform IR (FTIR) spectra at varying stages of filtration runs. The ATR spectra that comprise the vibration bands characteristic of the PES substrate and the deposited film were processed taking into the gradual weakening of the PES substrate-specific bands, whose intensity was shown to depend on the wavenumber of IR radiation and the thickness of the deposited layer. Strongly linear correlations between ratios of first derivatives intensity and wavenumbers of the PES reference lines were established. Calculations of the PES bands' attenuation coefficients allowed determining the apparent thickness and ATR FTIR vibrations of the fouling films per se. Strong correlations between TMP development and ATR-determined apparent thickness of the fouling layers were observed. The intensity of ATR absorbance at 3200 cm-1 was linearly correlated with TMP development for small TMP values before the point of rapidly developing failure of the hydraulic permeability of the system was reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Guo
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, United States; Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Xinyu Tang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gilbert Ganschow
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gregory V Korshin
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, United States
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