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Moseson DE, Tran TB, Karunakaran B, Ambardekar R, Hiew TN. Trends in amorphous solid dispersion drug products approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration between 2012 and 2023. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100259. [PMID: 38974024 PMCID: PMC11225173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Forty-eight (48) drug products (DPs) containing amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the 12-year period between 2012 and 2023. These DPs comprise 36 unique amorphous drugs. Ten (10) therapeutic categories are represented, with most DPs containing antiviral and antineoplastic agents. The most common ASD polymers are copovidone (49%) and hypromellose acetate succinate (30%), while spray drying (54%) and hot melt extrusion (35%) are the most utilized manufacturing processes to prepare the ASD drug product intermediate (DPI). Tablet dosage forms are the most common, with several capsule products available. Line extensions of several DPs based on flexible oral solids and powders for oral suspension have been approved which provide patient-centric dosing to pediatric and other patient populations. The trends in the use of common excipients and film coating types are discussed. Eighteen (18) DPs are fixed-dose combinations, and some contain a mixture of amorphous and crystalline drugs. The DPs have dose/unit of amorphous drug ranging from <5 mg up to 300 mg, with the majority being ≤100 mg/unit. This review details several aspects of DPI and DP formulation and manufacturing of ASDs, as well as trends related to therapeutic category, dose, and patient-centricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E. Moseson
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Trong Bien Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Bharathi Karunakaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Rohan Ambardekar
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Sandwich CT13 9NJ, UK
| | - Tze Ning Hiew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa 52242, USA
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2
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McCoubrey LE, Ferraro F, Seegobin N, Verin J, Alfassam HA, Awad A, Marzorati M, Verstrepen L, Ghyselinck J, De Munck J, De Medts J, Steppe E, De Vleeschhauwer V, De Rocker G, Droesbeke A, De Rijck M, Vanthoor S, Moens F, Siepmann J, Siepmann F, Gaisford S, Orlu M, Basit AW. Poly(D,l-lactide-co-glycolide) particles are metabolised by the gut microbiome and elevate short chain fatty acids. J Control Release 2024; 369:163-178. [PMID: 38521168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by the colonic microbiome has numerous benefits for human health, including maintenance of epithelial barrier function, suppression of colitis, and protection against carcinogenesis. Despite the therapeutic potential, there is currently no optimal approach for elevating the colonic microbiome's synthesis of SCFAs. In this study, poly(D,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) was investigated for this application, as it was hypothesised that the colonic microbiota would metabolise PLGA to its lactate monomers, which would promote the resident microbiota's synthesis of SCFAs. Two grades of spray dried PLGA, alongside a lactate bolus control, were screened in an advanced model of the human colon, known as the M-SHIME® system. Whilst the high molecular weight (Mw) grade of PLGA was stable in the presence of the microbiota sourced from three healthy humans, the low Mw PLGA (PLGA 2) was found to be metabolised. This microbial degradation led to sustained release of lactate over 48 h and increased concentrations of the SCFAs propionate and butyrate. Further, microbial synthesis of harmful ammonium was significantly reduced compared to untreated controls. Interestingly, both types of PLGA were found to influence the composition of the luminal and mucosal microbiota in a donor-specific manner. An in vitro model of an inflamed colonic epithelium also showed the polymer to affect the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, such as interleukins 8 and 10. The findings of this study reveal PLGA's sensitivity to enzymatic metabolism in the gut, which could be harnessed for therapeutic elevation of colonic SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E McCoubrey
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Fabiana Ferraro
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nidhi Seegobin
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Jérémy Verin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Haya A Alfassam
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), 114422 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Awad
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Evi Steppe
- ProDigest BVB, Technologiepark 73, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Vanthoor
- ProDigest BVB, Technologiepark 73, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Simon Gaisford
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Mine Orlu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
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Weecharangsan W, Lee RJ. Enhanced dissolution rates of glibenclamide through solid dispersions on microcrystalline cellulose and mannitol, combined with phosphatidylcholine. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:297-305. [PMID: 38385210 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2321388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact of physical solid dispersions of spray-dried glibenclamide (SG) on the surface of microcrystalline cellulose (MC) and mannitol (M) surfaces, as well as their combination with phosphatidylcholine (P), on enhancing the dissolution rate of glibenclamide (G). METHODS Solid dispersions were prepared using varying proportions of 1:1, 1:4, and 1:10 for SG on the surface of MC (SGA) and M (SGM), and then combined with P, in a proportion of 1:4:0.02 using spray drying. The particle size, specific surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dissolution rate of SGA and SGM were characterized. RESULTS SEM analysis revealed successful adhesion of SG onto the surface of the carrier surfaces. XRD showed reduced crystalline characteristic peaks for SGA, while SGM exhibited a sharp peaks pattern. Both SGA and SGM demonstrated higher dissolution rates compared to SG and G alone. Furthermore, the dissolution rates of the solid dispersions of SG, MC and P (SGAP), and SG, M, and P (SGMP) were sequentially higher than that of SGA and SGM. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that physical solid dispersions of SG on MC and M, along with their combination with P, can effectively enhance the dissolution rate of G. These findings may be valuable in developing of oral solid drug dosage forms utilizing SGA, SGM, SGAP, and SGMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlop Weecharangsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Robert J Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Lutta A, Knopp MM, Tollemeto M, Pedersen GK, Schmidt ST, Grohganz H, Hagner Nielsen L. The interplay between trehalose and dextran as spray drying precursors for cationic liposomes. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123798. [PMID: 38190949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Successful oral delivery of liposomes requires formulations designed to withstand harsh gastrointestinal conditions, e.g., by converting to solid-state followed by loading into gastro-resistant delivery devices. The hypothesis was that the use of dextran-trehalose mixtures for spray drying would improve the rehydration kinetics of dried liposomes. The objectives were to determine the protective capacity of trehalose-dextran dehydration precursors and to increase the concentration of liposomes in the dry formulation volume. The study successfully demonstrated that 8.5% dextran combined with 76.5% trehalose protected CAF®04 liposomes during drying, with the liposome content maintained at 15% of the dry powder. Accordingly, the rehydration kinetics were slightly improved in formulations containing up to 8.5% dextran in the dry powder volume. Additionally, a 2.4-fold increase in lipid concentration (3 mM vs 7.245 mM) was achieved for spray dried CAF®04 liposomes. Ultimately, this study demonstrates the significance of trehalose as a primary carrier during spray drying of CAF®04 liposomes and highlights the advantage of incorporating small amounts of dextran to tune rehydration kinetics of spray-dried liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitta Lutta
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Matthias M Knopp
- Bioneer:FARMA, Department of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matteo Tollemeto
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gabriel K Pedersen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe T Schmidt
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Holger Grohganz
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Hagner Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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5
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Yu D, Nie H, Hoag SW. Comprehensive evaluation of polymer types and ratios in Spray-Dried Dispersions: Compaction, Dissolution, and physical stability. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123674. [PMID: 38061497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a well-established strategy for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. A significant portion of ASD products are in tablet form. However, the influence of common polymers and drug loading on the manufacturability of ASD tablets remains underexplored. This study focuses on investigating spray-dried ASDs from a tableting perspective by evaluating their physiochemical and mechanical properties. Itraconazole (ITZ) and indomethacin (IND), at the drug loadings ranging from 10% to 50%, were prepared with two polymers, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), serving as representative systems. Our findings revealed that increasing the drug loading resulted in a decreased surface area in ITZ-HPMCAS, IND-HPMCAS, and IND-PVP ASDs. However, this trend was not observed in ITZ-PVP dispersions, possibly due to the morphological disparities. Compaction results demonstrated that tabletability improved with decreasing drug loadings, except for ITZ-PVP dispersions. A partial least square analysis underscored particle surface area as the key factor influencing the tensile strength of ASD tablets. Additionally, our study disclosed that ITZ-PVP ASDs exhibited the worst release profiles and stability performance. The comprehensive journey from characterizing ASD particles to analyzing their compaction behavior and investigating drug release and physical stability offered profound insights into the attributes crucial for the downstream processing of amorphous pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyue Yu
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Haichen Nie
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Stephen W Hoag
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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Rusdin A, Mohd Gazzali A, Ain Thomas N, Megantara S, Aulifa DL, Budiman A, Muchtaridi M. Advancing Drug Delivery Paradigms: Polyvinyl Pyrolidone (PVP)-Based Amorphous Solid Dispersion for Enhanced Physicochemical Properties and Therapeutic Efficacy. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:286. [PMID: 38276694 PMCID: PMC10820039 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current challenge in drug development lies in addressing the physicochemical issues that lead to low drug effectiveness. Solubility, a crucial physicochemical parameter, greatly influences various biopharmaceutical aspects of a drug, including dissolution rate, absorption, and bioavailability. Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) has emerged as a widely explored approach to enhance drug solubility. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to discuss and summarize the development of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-based amorphous solid dispersion in improving the physicochemical properties of drugs, with a focus on the use of PVP as a novel approach. METHODOLOGY This review was conducted by examining relevant journals obtained from databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, since 2018. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select suitable articles. RESULTS This study demonstrated the versatility and efficacy of PVP in enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Diverse preparation methods, including solvent evaporation, melt quenching, electrospinning, coprecipitation, and ball milling are discussed for the production of ASDs with tailored characteristics. CONCLUSION PVP-based ASDs could offer significant advantages in the formulation strategies, stability, and performance of poorly soluble drugs to enhance their overall bioavailability. The diverse methodologies and findings presented in this review will pave the way for further advancements in the development of effective and tailored amorphous solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agus Rusdin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km-21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.R.); (S.M.); (D.L.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km-21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Amirah Mohd Gazzali
- Departement Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, P.Penang, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Ain Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport and Health, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Jl. Jenderal Sudirman No. 6, Gorontalo 96128, Indonesia;
| | - Sandra Megantara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km-21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.R.); (S.M.); (D.L.A.)
- Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia
| | - Diah Lia Aulifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km-21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.R.); (S.M.); (D.L.A.)
| | - Arif Budiman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km-21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km-21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.R.); (S.M.); (D.L.A.)
- Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia
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7
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Zhou Y, Huang J, Wang G, Zhai Z, Ahmed MU, Xia X, Liu C, Jin Y, Pan X, Huang Y, Wu C, Zhang X. Polymyxin B sulfate inhalable microparticles with high-lectin-affinity sugar carriers for efficient treatment of biofilm-associated pulmonary infections. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:3225-3239. [PMID: 37973467 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria have become a significant threat to human health. Bacterial biofilms exacerbate the persistence and recurrence of pulmonary infections, hindering the accessibility and effectiveness of antibiotics. In this study, a dry powder inhalation (DPI) consisting of polymyxin B sulfate (PMBS) inhalable microparticles and high-lectin-affinity (HLA) sugar (i.e., raffinose) carriers was developed for treating pulmonary infections and targeting bacterial lectins essential for biofilm growth. The formulated PMBS-HLA DPIs exhibited particle sizes of approximately 3 μm, and surface roughness varied according to the drug-to-carrier ratio. Formulation F5 (PMBS: raffinose = 10:90) demonstrated the highest fine particle fraction (FPF) value (64.86%), signifying its substantially enhanced aerosol performance, potentially attributable to moderate roughness and smallest mass median aerodynamic particle size. The efficacy of PMBS-HLA DPIs in inhibiting biofilm formation and eradicating mature biofilms was significantly improved with the addition of raffinose, suggesting the effectiveness of lectin-binding strategy for combating bacterial biofilm-associated infections. In rat models with acute and chronic pulmonary infections, F5 demonstrated superior bacterial killing and amelioration of inflammatory responses compared to spray-dried PMBS (F0). In conclusion, our HLA carrier-based formulation presents considerable potential for the efficient treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial biofilm-associated pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiayuan Huang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Guanlin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zizhao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Maizbha Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907, USA
| | - Xiao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cenfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuzhen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuejuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Saha SK, Joshi A, Singh R, Dubey K. Review of industrially recognized polymers and manufacturing processes for amorphous solid dispersion based formulations. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:678-696. [PMID: 37427544 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2233595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Evolving therapeutic landscape through combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening have resulted in an increased number of poorly soluble drugs. Drug delivery strategies quickly adapted to convert these drugs into successful therapies. Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) technology is widely employed as a drug delivery strategy by pharmaceutical industries to overcome the challenges associated with these poorly soluble drugs. The development of ASD formulation requires an understanding of polymers and manufacturing techniques. A review of US FDA-approved ASD-based products revealed that only a limited number of polymers and manufacturing technologies are employed by pharmaceutical industries. This review provides a comprehensive guide for the selection and overview of polymers and manufacturing technologies adopted by pharmaceutical industries for ASD formulation. The various employed polymers with their underlying mechanisms for solution-state and solid-state stability are discussed. ASD manufacturing techniques, primarily implemented by pharmaceutical industries for commercialization, are presented in Quality by Design (QbD) format. An overview of novel excipients and progress in manufacturing technologies are also discussed. This review provides insights to the researchers on the industrially accepted polymers and manufacturing technology for ASD formulation that has translated these challenging drugs into successful therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Saha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Formulation Research and Development - Orals, Sun Pharmaceuticals Industries Limited, Gurugram, India
| | | | - Romi Singh
- Formulation Research and Development - Orals, Sun Pharmaceuticals Industries Limited, Gurugram, India
| | - Kiran Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Manghnani PN, Schenck L, Khan SA, Doyle PS. Templated Reactive Crystallization of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient in Hydrogel Microparticles Enabling Robust Drug Product Processing. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2115-2123. [PMID: 37160228 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Commercialization of most promising active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is impeded either by poor bioavailability or challenging physical properties leading to costly manufacture. Bioavailability of ionizable hydrophobic APIs can be enhanced by its conversion to salt form. While salt form of the API presents higher solution concentration than the non-ionized form, poor physical properties resulting from particle anisotropy or non-ideal morphology (needles) and particle size distribution not meeting dissolution rate targets can still inhibit its commercial translation. In this regard, API physical properties can be improved through addition of non-active components (excipients or carriers) during API manufacture. In this work, a facile method to perform reactive crystallization of an API salt in presence of the microporous environment of a hydrogel microparticle is presented. Specifically, the reaction between acidic antiretroviral API, raltegravir and base potassium hydroxide is performed in the presence of polyethylene glycol diacrylamide hydrogel microparticles. In this bottom-up approach, the spherical template hydrogel microparticles for the reaction lead to monodisperse composites loaded with inherently micronized raltegravir-potassium crystals, thus improving API physical properties without hampering bioavailability. Overall, this technique provides a novel approach to reactive crystallization while maintaining the API polymorph and crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima N Manghnani
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing 138602, Singapore
| | - Luke Schenck
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave Rahway NJ 07065, USA
| | - Saif A Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing 138602, Singapore.
| | - Patrick S Doyle
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Room E17-504F, Cambridge, MA, 02139 USA; Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115 USA.
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10
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Frank DS, Punia A, Fahy M, Dalton C, Rowe J, Schenck L. Densifying Co-Precipitated Amorphous Dispersions to Achieve Improved Bulk Powder Properties. Pharm Res 2022; 39:3197-3208. [PMID: 36271203 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Precipitation of amorphous solid dispersions has gained traction in the pharmaceutical industry given its application to pharmaceuticals with varying physicochemical properties. Although preparing co-precipitated amorphous dispersions (cPAD) in high-shear rotor-stator devices allows for controlled shear conditions during precipitation, such aggressive mixing environments can result in materials with low bulk density and poor flowability. This work investigated annealing cPAD after precipitation by washing with heated anti-solvent to improve bulk powder properties required for downstream drug product processing. METHODS Co-precipitation dispersions were prepared by precipitation into pH-modified aqueous anti-solvent. Amorphous dispersions were washed with heated anti-solvent and assessed for bulk density, flowability, and dissolution behavior relative to both cPAD produced without a heated wash and spray dried intermediate. RESULTS Washing cPAD with a heated anti-solvent resulted in an improvement in flowability and increased bulk density. The mechanism of densification was ascribed to annealing over the wetted Tg of the material, which lead to collapse of the porous co-precipitate structure into densified granules without causing crystallization. In contrast, an alternative approach to increase bulk density by precipitating the ASD using low shear conditions showed evidence of crystallinity. The dissolution rate of the densified cPAD granules was lower than that of the low-bulk density dispersions, although both samples reached concentrations equivalent to that of the spray dried intermediate after 90 min dissolution. CONCLUSIONS Hot wash densification was a tenable route to produce co-precipitated amorphous dispersions with improved properties for downstream processing compared to non-densified powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek S Frank
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA.
| | - Ashish Punia
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Mairead Fahy
- Pharmaceutical Commercialization Technology, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Chad Dalton
- Formulation Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Jasmine Rowe
- Formulation Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Luke Schenck
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
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11
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Zhang W, Sluga KK, Yost E, Phan J, Nagapudi K, Helen Hou H. Impact of Drug Loading on the Compaction Properties of Itraconazole-PVPVA Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Int J Pharm 2022; 629:122366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Liu M, Millard PE, Urch H, Zeyons O, Findley D, Konradi R, Marelli B. Microencapsulation of High-Content Actives Using Biodegradable Silk Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201487. [PMID: 35802906 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a compelling need across several industries to substitute non-degradable, intentionally added microplastics with biodegradable alternatives. Nonetheless, stringent performance criteria in actives' controlled release and manufacturing at scale of emerging materials hinder the replacement of polymers used for microplastics fabrication with circular ones. Here, the authors demonstrate that active microencapsulation in a structural protein such as silk fibroin can be achieved by modulating protein protonation and chain relaxation at the point of material assembly. Silk fibroin micelles' size is tuned from several to hundreds of nanometers, enabling the manufacturing-by retrofitting spray drying and spray freeze drying techniques-of microcapsules with tunable morphology and structure, that is, hollow-spongy, hollow-smooth, hollow crumpled matrices, and hollow crumpled multi-domain. Microcapsules degradation kinetics and sustained release of soluble and insoluble payloads typically used in cosmetic and agriculture applications are controlled by modulating fibroin's beta-sheet content from 20% to near 40%. Ultraviolet-visible studies indicate that burst release of a commonly used herbicide (i.e., saflufenacil) significantly decreases from 25% to 0.8% via silk fibroin microencapsulation. As a proof-of-concept for agrochemicals applications, a 6-day greenhouse trial demonstrates that saflufenacil delivered on corn plants via silk microcapsules reduces crop injury when compared to the non-encapsulated version.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muchun Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Henning Urch
- BASF SE, BASF Agricultural Center, Speyerer Str. 2, 67117, Limburgerhof, Germany
| | - Ophelie Zeyons
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67063, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Douglas Findley
- BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Rupert Konradi
- BASF Corporation, Harvard University, Pierce Hall 113, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Benedetto Marelli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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13
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Sriwidodo S, Pratama R, Umar AK, Chaerunisa AY, Ambarwati AT, Wathoni N. Preparation of Mangosteen Peel Extract Microcapsules by Fluidized Bed Spray-Drying for Tableting: Improving the Solubility and Antioxidant Stability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071331. [PMID: 35883823 PMCID: PMC9311942 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangosteen fruit has been widely consumed and used as a source of antioxidants, either in the form of fresh fruit or processed products. However, mangosteen peel only becomes industrial waste due to its bitter taste, low content solubility, and poor stability. Therefore, this study aimed to design mangosteen peel extract microcapsules (MPEMs) and tablets to overcome the challenges. The fluidized bed spray-drying method was used to develop MPEM, with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as the core mixture and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the coating agent. The obtained MPEM was spherical with a hollow surface and had a size of 411.2 µm. The flow rate and compressibility of MPEM increased significantly after granulation. A formula containing 5% w/w polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) as a binder had the best tablet characteristics, with a hardness of 87.8 ± 1.398 N, friability of 0.94%, and disintegration time of 25.75 ± 0.676 min. Microencapsulation of mangosteen peel extract maintains the stability of its compound (total phenolic and α-mangosteen) and its antioxidant activity (IC50) during the manufacturing process and a month of storage at IVB zone conditions. According to the findings, the microencapsulation is an effective technique for improving the solubility and antioxidant stability of mangosteen peel extract during manufacture and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriwidodo Sriwidodo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (A.K.U.); (A.Y.C.); (A.T.A.); (N.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-22-84288888
| | - Reza Pratama
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Bhakti Kencana, Bandung 40614, Indonesia;
| | - Abd. Kakhar Umar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (A.K.U.); (A.Y.C.); (A.T.A.); (N.W.)
| | - Anis Yohana Chaerunisa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (A.K.U.); (A.Y.C.); (A.T.A.); (N.W.)
| | - Afifah Tri Ambarwati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (A.K.U.); (A.Y.C.); (A.T.A.); (N.W.)
| | - Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (A.K.U.); (A.Y.C.); (A.T.A.); (N.W.)
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14
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Wang C, Wang Z, Friedrich A, Calvin Sun C. Effect of deaeration on processability of poorly flowing powders by roller compaction. Int J Pharm 2022; 621:121803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Surface nanocoating of high drug-loading spray-dried amorphous solid dispersions by atomic layer coating: Excellent physical stability under accelerated storage conditions for two years. Int J Pharm 2022; 620:121747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Doktorovová S, Stone EH, Henriques J. A Fundamental Study on Compression Properties and Strain Rate Sensitivity of Spray-Dried Amorphous Solid Dispersions. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:96. [PMID: 35314895 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are a proven method of improving the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble compounds. Immediate release tablets are frequently used as final dosage form for ASDs. Increasing tableting process throughput during clinical development requires using larger, faster tablet presses which subject materials to higher strain rate. Many pharmaceutical materials show strain rate sensitivity, i.e., yield pressure sensitivity to compression speed. Currently, there is only scattered information available in scientific literature on how ASDs behave under different tablet compression speeds. The purpose of this study was to examine spray-dried ASDs' sensitivity to strain rate under compression in a comprehensive study. We also investigated the drivers for such a strain sensitive behavior. A set of sample spray-dried powders, selected for their range of properties, were compressed using a simulated Korsch XL100 profile at 3 and 30 RPM and V-profile at 0.1 and 300 mm/s on a Phoenix compaction simulator. The sample set included samples with varying API content (0-50% w/w), stabilizing polymer (HPMC, HPMC-AS, PVP-VA), particle size, and bulk densities, produced on spray driers from lab to commercial scale. We identified that all ASD samples showed plastic flow and deformation behavior and form robust compacts at slow compression speeds. At high speed, tablet defects occurred. The strain rate sensitivity observed in this study was comparable or slightly superior to that observed for microcrystalline cellulose, known to be a mildly strain rate-sensitive material. We showed that compression speed is a critical process parameter for ASD-containing tablets.
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17
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Adam MS, Miller WK, Pluntze AM, Stewart AM, Cape JL, Grass ME, Morgen MM. Acetic Acid as Processing Aid Dramatically Improves Organic Solvent Solubility of Weakly Basic Drugs for Spray Dried Dispersion Manufacture. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030555. [PMID: 35335931 PMCID: PMC8950584 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the pharmaceutical pipeline require bioavailability enhancing formulations due to very low aqueous solubility. Although spray dried dispersions (SDDs) have demonstrated broad utility in enhancing the bioavailability of such APIs by trapping them in a high-energy amorphous form, many new chemical entities (NCEs) are poorly soluble not just in water, but in preferred organic spray drying solvents, e.g., methanol (MeOH) and acetone. Spraying poorly solvent soluble APIs from dilute solutions leads to low process throughput and small particles that challenge downstream processing. For APIs with basic pKa values, spray solvent solubility can be dramatically increased by using an acid to ionize the API. Specifically, we show that acetic acid can increase API solubility in MeOH:H2O by 10-fold for a weakly basic drug, gefitinib (GEF, pKa 7.2), by ionizing GEF to form the transient acetate salt. The acetic acid is removed during drying, resulting in a SDD of the original GEF free base having performance similar to SDDs sprayed from solvents without acetic acid. The increase in solvent solubility enables large scale manufacturing for these challenging APIs by significantly increasing the throughput and reducing the amount of solvent required.
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18
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Schmitt JM, Baumann JM, Morgen MM. Predicting Spray Dried Dispersion Particle Size Via Machine Learning Regression Methods. Pharm Res 2022; 39:3223-3239. [PMID: 35986124 PMCID: PMC9780133 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spray dried dispersion particle size is a critical quality attribute that impacts bioavailability and manufacturability of the spray drying process and final dosage form. Substantial experimentation has been required to relate formulation and process parameters to particle size with the results limited to a single active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). This is the first study that demonstrates prediction of particle size independent of API for a wide range of formulation and process parameters at pilot and commercial scale. Additionally we developed a strategy with formulation and target particle size as inputs to define a set of "first to try" process parameters. An ensemble machine learning model was created to predict dried particle size across pilot and production scale spray dryers, with prediction errors between -7.7% and 18.6% (25th/75th percentiles) for a hold-out evaluation set. Shapley additive explanations identified how changes in formulation and process parameters drove variations in model predictions of dried particle size and were found to be consistent with mechanistic understanding of the particle formation process. Additionally, an optimization strategy used the predictive model to determine initial estimates for process parameter values that best achieve a target particle size for a provided formulation. The optimization strategy was employed to estimate process parameters in the hold-out evaluation set and to illustrate selection of process parameters during scale-up. The results of this study illustrate how trained regression models can reduce the experimental effort required to create an in-silico design space for new molecules during early-stage process development and subsequent scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Schmitt
- Computational Science, Lonza, 1201 NW Wall St, Bend, OR 97703 USA
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19
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Edueng K, Kabedev A, Ekdahl A, Mahlin D, Baumann J, Mudie D, Bergström CAS. Pharmaceutical profiling and molecular dynamics simulations reveal crystallization effects in amorphous formulations. Int J Pharm 2021; 613:121360. [PMID: 34896563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Robust and reliable in vivo performance of medicines based on amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) depend on maintenance of physical stability and efficient supersaturation. However, molecular drivers of these two kinetic processes are poorly understood. Here we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations coupled with experimental assessments to explore supersaturation, nucleation, and crystal growth. The effect of drug loading on physical stability and supersaturation potential was highly drug specific. Storage under humid conditions influenced crystallization, but also resulted in morphological changes and particle fusion. This led to increased particle size, which significantly reduced dissolution rate. MD simulations identified the importance of nano-compartmentalization in the crystallization rate of the ASDs. Nucleation during storage did not inherently compromise the ASD. Rather, the poorer performance resulted from a combination of properties of the compound, nanostructures formed in the formulation, and crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Edueng
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aleksei Kabedev
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alyssa Ekdahl
- Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Denny Mahlin
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; AstraZeneca Operations, Forskargatan 18, 151 85 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - John Baumann
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, OR 97703, USA
| | - Deanna Mudie
- Global Research and Development, Lonza, Bend, OR 97703, USA
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
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20
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Optimizing Solvent Selection and Processing Conditions to Generate High Bulk-Density, Co-Precipitated Amorphous Dispersions of Posaconazole. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122017. [PMID: 34959298 PMCID: PMC8705469 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-precipitation is an emerging method to generate amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), notable for its ability to enable the production of ASDs containing pharmaceuticals with thermal instability and limited solubility. As is true for spray drying and other unit operations to generate amorphous materials, changes in processing conditions during co-precipitation, such as solvent selection, can have a significant impact on the molecular and bulk powder properties of co-precipitated amorphous dispersions (cPAD). Using posaconazole as a model API, this work investigates how solvent selection can be leveraged to mitigate crystallization and maximize bulk density for precipitated amorphous dispersions. A precipitation process is developed to generate high-bulk-density amorphous dispersions. Insights from this system provide a mechanistic rationale to control the solid-state and bulk powder properties of amorphous dispersions.
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21
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Jiang T, Han L, Lu E, He W, Du S, Sha X. Design and Characterization of HY-038 Solid Dispersions via Spray Drying Technology: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:267. [PMID: 34750638 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare HY-038 solid dispersions (SDs) with single carrier at high drug loading and then forming a tablet to enhance solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability via spray drying technology. At the same time, we hope to develop a more convenient in vitro method to predict the absorption behavior of different formulations in vivo. Different solid dispersions, varying in drug/polymer ratios, were prepared. Infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction were used to perform solid-state characterizations of the pure drug and SDs. Contact angle of water, dissolution in pH = 6.8 phosphate buffer, and in vivo absorption in dogs were studied. As a result, solid-state characterization demonstrated the transformation of the crystalline HY-038 to an amorphous state in the solid dispersions, and the in vivo exposure followed with the trend of the dissolution curve combined with contact angle. Compared with the prototype formulation, the Cmax and AUC0-∞ of optimized formulation SD2 (HY-038-HPMCAS 3:1) increased by about 5 ~ 9 times at the same dose. More importantly, the SD2 formulation showed approximately linear increases in Cmax and AUC0-∞ as the dose increased from 50 to 100 mg, while the prototype formulation reached absorption saturation at 50 mg. SD2 (HY-038-HPMCAS 3:1) was selected as the best formulation for the downstream development.
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22
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Schenck L, Boyce C, Frank D, Koranne S, Ferguson HM, Strotman N. Hierarchical Particle Approach for Co-Precipitated Amorphous Solid Dispersions for Use in Preclinical In Vivo Studies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071034. [PMID: 34371726 PMCID: PMC8308979 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) have become a well-established strategy to improve exposure for compounds with insufficient aqueous solubility. Of methods to generate ASDs, spray drying is a leading route due to its relative simplicity, availability of equipment, and commercial scale capacity. However, the broader industry adoption of spray drying has revealed potential limitations, including the inability to process compounds with low solubility in volatile solvents, inconsistent molecular uniformity of spray dried amorphous dispersions, variable physical properties across batches and scales, and challenges containing potent compounds. In contrast, generating ASDs via co-precipitation to yield co-precipitated amorphous dispersions (cPAD) offers solutions to many of those challenges and has been shown to achieve ASDs comparable to those manufactured via spray drying. This manuscript applies co-precipitation for early safety studies, developing a streamlined process to achieve material suitable for dosing as a suspension in conventional toxicity studies. Development targets involved achieving a rapid, safely contained process for generating ASDs with high recovery yields. Furthermore, a hierarchical particle approach was used to generate composite particles where the cPAD material is incorporated in a matrix of water-soluble excipients to allow for rapid re-dispersibility in the safety study vehicle to achieve a uniform suspension for consistent dosing. Adopting such an approach yielded a co-precipitated amorphous dispersion with comparable stability, thermal properties, and in vivo pharmacokinetics to spray dried amorphous materials of the same composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Schenck
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (D.F.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Christopher Boyce
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (C.B.); (H.M.F.)
| | - Derek Frank
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (D.F.); (N.S.)
| | - Sampada Koranne
- Preformulation, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA;
| | - Heidi M. Ferguson
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (C.B.); (H.M.F.)
| | - Neil Strotman
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (D.F.); (N.S.)
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23
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Abstract
Spray drying is a versatile technology that has been applied widely in the chemical, food, and, most recently, pharmaceutical industries. This review focuses on engineering advances and the most significant applications of spray drying for pharmaceuticals. An in-depth view of the process and its use is provided for amorphous solid dispersions, a major, growing drug-delivery approach. Enhanced understanding of the relationship of spray-drying process parameters to final product quality attributes has made robust product development possible to address a wide range of pharmaceutical problem statements. Formulation and process optimization have leveraged the knowledge gained as the technology has matured, enabling improved process development from early feasibility screening through commercial applications. Spray drying's use for approved small-molecule oral products is highlighted, as are emerging applications specific to delivery of biologics and non-oral delivery of dry powders. Based on the changing landscape of the industry, significant future opportunities exist for pharmaceutical spray drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Baumann
- Small Molecules, Lonza Pharma & Biotech, Bend, Oregon 97701, USA; , ,
| | - Molly S Adam
- Small Molecules, Lonza Pharma & Biotech, Bend, Oregon 97701, USA; , ,
| | - Joel D Wood
- Small Molecules, Lonza Pharma & Biotech, Bend, Oregon 97701, USA; , ,
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24
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Adel IM, ElMeligy MF, Abdelrahim MEA, Maged A, Abdelkhalek AA, Abdelmoteleb AMM, Elkasabgy NA. Design and Characterization of Spray-Dried Proliposomes for the Pulmonary Delivery of Curcumin. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2667-2687. [PMID: 33854314 PMCID: PMC8039018 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s306831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The goal was to directly deliver curcumin, a natural polyphenolic anticancer and anti-inflammatory compound, to the lung tissues with minimal systemic exposure through the fabrication of proliposomes, overcoming its poor aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability. Methods Nano-spray drying was employed to prepare proliposomes using hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin as a carrier. Lecithin and cholesterol were used as lipids, stearylamine and Poloxamer 188 were added as positive charge inducer and a surfactant, respectively. Different characterization parameters were evaluated like percentage yield, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, aerodynamic particle size, in vitro release besides morphological examination. Cytotoxicity studies on cell line A549 lung tumor cells as well as in vivo lung pharmacokinetic studies were also carried. Results The optimized formulations showed superior aerosolization properties coupled their enhanced ability to reach deep lung tissues with a high % of fine particle fraction. Cytotoxicity studies using MTT assay demonstrated enhanced growth inhibitory effect on lung tumor cells A549 and significant reduction of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 compared to the pure drug. Results of lung pharmacokinetic tests confirmed the superiority of proliposomal curcumin over curcumin powder in both, the rate and extent of lung tissue absorption, as well as the mean residence time within the lung tissues. Conclusion The pulmonary delivery of curcumin-loaded proliposomes as dry powder provides a direct approach to lung tissues targeting while avoiding the limitations of the oral route and offering a non-invasive alternative to the parenteral one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Adel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F ElMeligy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E A Abdelrahim
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Amr Maged
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Factory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - AbdelFattah A Abdelkhalek
- Department of Microbiology of Supplementary General Science, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza M M Abdelmoteleb
- Department of Chemistry, Toxicology and Feed Deficiency, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nermeen A Elkasabgy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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25
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Muqtader A M, Fatima F, Khalid Anw M, F. Aldawsa M, A. Soliman G, H. Fayed M. Development and Characterization of Spray-dried Amorphous Solid Dispersion of Sildenafil: In vivo Evaluation. INT J PHARMACOL 2020. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2020.460.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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