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Cassani M, Seydoux G. P-body-like condensates in the germline. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 157:24-32. [PMID: 37407370 PMCID: PMC10761593 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
P-bodies are cytoplasmic condensates that accumulate low-translation mRNAs for temporary storage before translation or degradation. P-bodies have been best characterized in yeast and mammalian tissue culture cells. We describe here related condensates in the germline of animal models. Germline P-bodies have been reported at all stages of germline development from primordial germ cells to gametes. The activity of the universal germ cell fate regulator, Nanos, is linked to the mRNA decay function of P-bodies, and spatially-regulated condensation of P-body like condensates in embryos is required to localize mRNA regulators to primordial germ cells. In most cases, however, it is not known whether P-bodies represent functional compartments or non-functional condensation by-products that arise when ribonucleoprotein complexes saturate the cytoplasm. We speculate that the ubiquity of P-body-like condensates in germ cells reflects the strong reliance of the germline on cytoplasmic, rather than nuclear, mechanisms of gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Cassani
- HHMI and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Geraldine Seydoux
- HHMI and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Chukrallah LG, Potgieter S, Chueh L, Snyder EM. Two RNA binding proteins, ADAD2 and RNF17, interact to form a heterogeneous population of novel meiotic germ cell granules with developmentally dependent organelle association. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010519. [PMID: 37428816 PMCID: PMC10359003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian male germ cell differentiation relies on complex RNA biogenesis events, many of which occur in non-membrane bound organelles termed RNA germ cell granules that are rich in RNA binding proteins (RBPs). Though known to be required for male germ cell differentiation, we understand little of the relationships between the numerous granule subtypes. ADAD2, a testis specific RBP, is required for normal male fertility and forms a poorly characterized granule in meiotic germ cells. This work aimed to understand the role of ADAD2 granules in male germ cell differentiation by clearly defining their molecular composition and relationship to other granules. Biochemical analyses identified RNF17, a testis specific RBP that forms meiotic male germ cell granules, as an ADAD2-interacting protein. Phenotypic analysis of Adad2 and Rnf17 mutants identified a rare post-meiotic chromatin defect, suggesting shared biological roles. ADAD2 and RNF17 were found to be dependent on one another for granularization and together form a previously unstudied set of germ cell granules. Based on co-localization studies with well-characterized granule RBPs and organelle-specific markers, a subset of the ADAD2-RNF17 granules are found to be associated with the intermitochondrial cement and piRNA biogenesis. In contrast, a second, morphologically distinct population of ADAD2-RNF17 granules co-localized with the translation regulators NANOS1 and PUM1, along with the molecular chaperone PDI. These large granules form a unique funnel-shaped structure that displays distinct protein subdomains and is tightly associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. Developmental studies suggest the different granule populations represent different phases of a granule maturation process. Lastly, a double Adad2-Rnf17 mutant model suggests the interaction between ADAD2 and RNF17, as opposed to loss of either, is the likely driver of the Adad2 and Rnf17 mutant phenotypes. These findings shed light on the relationship between germ cell granule pools and define new genetic approaches to their study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G. Chukrallah
- Department of Animal Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Sarah Potgieter
- Department of Animal Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Lisa Chueh
- Department of Animal Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Snyder
- Department of Animal Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
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Chukrallah LG, Snyder EM. Modern tools applied to classic structures: Approaches for mammalian male germ cell RNA granule research. Andrology 2023; 11:872-883. [PMID: 36273399 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
First reported in the 1800s, germ cell granules are small nonmembrane bound RNA-rich regions of the cytoplasm. These sites of critical RNA processing and storage in the male germ cell are essential for proper differentiation and development and are present in a wide range of species from Caenorhabditis elegans through mammals. Initially characterized by light and electron microscopy, more modern techniques such as immunofluorescence and genetic models have played a major role in expanding our understanding of the composition of these structures. While these methods have given light to potential granule functions, much work remains to be done. The current expansion of imaging technologies and omics-scale analyses to germ cell granule research will drive the field forward considerably. Many of these methods, both current and upcoming, have considerable caveats and limitations that necessitate a holistic approach to the study of germ granules. By combining and balancing different techniques, the field is poised to elucidate the nature of these critical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Chukrallah
- Department of Animal Science, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Snyder
- Department of Animal Science, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Xiong M, Yin L, Gui Y, Lv C, Ma X, Guo S, Wu Y, Feng S, Fan X, Zhou S, Wang L, Wen Y, Wang X, Xie Q, Namekawa SH, Yuan S. ADAD2 interacts with RNF17 in P-bodies to repress the Ping-pong cycle in pachytene piRNA biogenesis. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202206067. [PMID: 36930220 PMCID: PMC10040813 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pachytene piRNA biogenesis is a hallmark of the germline, distinct from another wave of pre-pachytene piRNA biogenesis with regard to the lack of a secondary amplification process known as the Ping-pong cycle. However, the underlying molecular mechanism and the venue for the suppression of the Ping-pong cycle remain elusive. Here, we showed that a testis-specific protein, ADAD2, interacts with a TDRD family member protein RNF17 and is associated with P-bodies. Importantly, ADAD2 directs RNF17 to repress Ping-pong activity in pachytene piRNA biogenesis. The P-body localization of RNF17 requires the intrinsically disordered domain of ADAD2. Deletion of Adad2 or Rnf17 causes the mislocalization of each other and subsequent Ping-pong activity derepression, secondary piRNAs overproduced, and disruption of P-body integrity at the meiotic stage, thereby leading to spermatogenesis arrested at the round spermatid stage. Collectively, by identifying the ADAD2-dependent mechanism, our study reveals a novel function of P-bodies in suppressing Ping-pong activity in pachytene piRNA biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengneng Xiong
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Lisha Yin
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqian Gui
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyu Lv
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xixiang Ma
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Guo
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenglei Feng
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xv Fan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shumin Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingjuan Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujiao Wen
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingzhen Xie
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Wuhan University Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Satoshi H. Namekawa
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shuiqiao Yuan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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Lu Y, Nagamori I, Kobayashi H, Kojima-Kita K, Shirane K, Chang HY, Nishimura T, Koyano T, Yu Z, Castañeda JM, Matsuyama M, Kuramochi-Miyagawa S, Matzuk MM, Ikawa M. ADAD2 functions in spermiogenesis and piRNA biogenesis in mice. Andrology 2023; 11:698-709. [PMID: 36698249 PMCID: PMC10073342 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine deaminase domain containing 2 (ADAD2) is a testis-specific protein composed of a double-stranded RNA binding domain and a non-catalytic adenosine deaminase domain. A recent study showed that ADAD2 is indispensable for the male reproduction in mice. However, the detailed functions of ADAD2 remain elusive. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the cause of male sterility in Adad2 mutant mice and to understand the molecular functions of ADAD2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adad2 homozygous mutant mouse lines, Adad2-/- and Adad2Δ/Δ , were generated by CRISPR/Cas9. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to reveal the expression and subcellular localization of ADAD2. Co-immunoprecipitation tandem mass spectrometry was employed to determine the ADAD2-interacting proteins in mouse testes. RNA-sequencing analyses were carried out to analyze the transcriptome and PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) populations in wildtype and Adad2 mutant testes. RESULTS Adad2-/- and Adad2Δ/Δ mice exhibit male-specific sterility because of abnormal spermiogenesis. ADAD2 interacts with multiple RNA-binding proteins involved in piRNA biogenesis, including MILI, MIWI, RNF17, and YTHDC2. ADAD2 co-localizes and forms novel granules with RNF17 in spermatocytes. Ablation of ADAD2 impairs the formation of RNF17 granules, decreases the number of cluster-derived pachytene piRNAs, and increases expression of ping-pong-derived piRNAs. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In collaboration with RNF17 and other RNA-binding proteins in spermatocytes, ADAD2 directly or indirectly functions in piRNA biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Lu
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ippei Nagamori
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisato Kobayashi
- Department of Embryology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-0813, Japan
| | - Kanako Kojima-Kita
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Shirane
- Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chang
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toru Nishimura
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Koyano
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Okayama 701-0202, Japan
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Julio M. Castañeda
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsuyama
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Okayama 701-0202, Japan
| | - Satomi Kuramochi-Miyagawa
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Martin M. Matzuk
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Reproductive Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Marnik EA, Almeida MV, Cipriani PG, Chung G, Caspani E, Karaulanov E, Gan HH, Zinno J, Isolehto IJ, Kielisch F, Butter F, Sharp CS, Flanagan RM, Bonnet FX, Piano F, Ketting RF, Gunsalus KC, Updike DL. The Caenorhabditis elegans TDRD5/7-like protein, LOTR-1, interacts with the helicase ZNFX-1 to balance epigenetic signals in the germline. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010245. [PMID: 35657999 PMCID: PMC9200344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
LOTUS and Tudor domain containing proteins have critical roles in the germline. Proteins that contain these domains, such as Tejas/Tapas in Drosophila, help localize the Vasa helicase to the germ granules and facilitate piRNA-mediated transposon silencing. The homologous proteins in mammals, TDRD5 and TDRD7, are required during spermiogenesis. Until now, proteins containing both LOTUS and Tudor domains in Caenorhabditis elegans have remained elusive. Here we describe LOTR-1 (D1081.7), which derives its name from its LOTUS and Tudor domains. Interestingly, LOTR-1 docks next to P granules to colocalize with the broadly conserved Z-granule helicase, ZNFX-1. The Tudor domain of LOTR-1 is required for its Z-granule retention. Like znfx-1 mutants, lotr-1 mutants lose small RNAs from the 3’ ends of WAGO and mutator targets, reminiscent of the loss of piRNAs from the 3’ ends of piRNA precursor transcripts in mouse Tdrd5 mutants. Our work shows that LOTR-1 acts with ZNFX-1 to bring small RNA amplifying mechanisms towards the 3’ ends of its RNA templates. Germ granules are protein and RNA complexes that are critical for maintaining an animal’s fertility. Central to the composition of germ granules are their small RNAs, which have the capacity to convey a memory of germline-licensed expression from one generation to the next. Here we describe and characterize a new germ-granule protein in C. elegans that we’ve named LOTR-1, after its LOTUS and Tudor domains. This combination of LOTUS and Tudor domains can be found in the mammalian proteins TDRD5 and TDRD7, which are required during spermatogenesis. During C. elegans embryogenesis, germ granules demix or partition into subgranules with refined functions. We show that LOTR-1 partitions with a specific class of subgranules called Z granules, interacting with a Z-granule helicase called ZNFX-1. Here, LOTR-1 functions with ZNFX-1 to position small RNA amplification from RNA templates, ensuring a memory of germline expression across generations. These findings may provide new insight into the function of TDRD5 and TDRD7 during human germline development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A. Marnik
- The MDI Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
- Husson University, Bangor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Miguel V. Almeida
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
- International PhD Programme on Gene Regulation, Epigenetics & Genome Stability, Mainz, Germany
| | - P. Giselle Cipriani
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - George Chung
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Edoardo Caspani
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
- International PhD Programme on Gene Regulation, Epigenetics & Genome Stability, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Hin Hark Gan
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John Zinno
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ida J. Isolehto
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
- International PhD Programme on Gene Regulation, Epigenetics & Genome Stability, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Falk Butter
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Catherine S. Sharp
- The MDI Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Roisin M. Flanagan
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Frederic X. Bonnet
- The MDI Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Fabio Piano
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - René F. Ketting
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail: (RFK); (KCG); (DLU)
| | - Kristin C. Gunsalus
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- * E-mail: (RFK); (KCG); (DLU)
| | - Dustin L. Updike
- The MDI Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RFK); (KCG); (DLU)
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PIWI-Interacting RNA Pathway Genes: Potential Biomarkers for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:3480377. [PMID: 35273654 PMCID: PMC8904100 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3480377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most lethal malignancies in the urinary system, yet effective diagnostic and prognostic markers are lacking. Recently, several of piRNA pathway genes have been reported to be associated with cancer diagnosis and prognosis, but their role in ccRCC is still unclear. Methods. We analysed the expression of 27 piRNA pathway genes in 539 kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and 72 nontumor tissue samples (data from TCGA), and 12 mRNAs were significantly different. The aim was to sift the piRNA pathway genes that are correlated with ccRCC patient survival and to construct a piRNA pathway gene risk prognostic model using Kaplan-Meier survival curve and ROC curve, respectively. Results. 5 piRNA pathway genes (TDRD7, GPAT2, PLD6, SUV39H1, and DOM3Z) were picked out and used to construct the piRNA pathway gene risk model. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that compared with that of the low-risk group of ccRCC patients, the OS of the high-risk group of ccRCC patients was significantly reduced. The predictive performance of the prognostic risk model was measured using a ROC curve, which individually showed AUC values for 1 year of 0.707, for 3 years of 0.713, and for 5 years of 0.701. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TDRD7 were overexpressed in the ccRCC datasets (data from our cohort, TCGA, GEO, and CPTAC) and ccRCC cell lines, and the expression levels correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics in ccRCC. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) showed that the mRNA expression level of TDRD7 was positively related to tumor immune infiltrating cells (TICs) in ccRCC. Mechanistically, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to uncover the mechanism of TDRD7 in ccRCC. In summary, the piRNA pathway genes,especially TDRD7, may be potential cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of ccRCC.
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TDRD5 Is Required for Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis in Locusta migratoria. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030227. [PMID: 35323525 PMCID: PMC8953433 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tudor family proteins exist in all eukaryotic organisms and play a role in many cellular processes by recognizing and binding to proteins with methylated arginine or lysine residues. TDRD5, a member of Tudor domain-containing proteins (TDRDs), has been implicated in the P-element-induced wimpy testis-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway and germ cell development in some model species, but little is known about its function in other species. Therefore, we identified and characterized LmTDRD5, the TDRD5 ortholog in Locusta migratoria, a hemimetabolous pest. The LmTdrd5 gene has 19 exons that encode a protein possessing a single copy of the Tudor domain and three LOTUS domains at its N-terminus. qRT-PCR analysis revealed a high LmTdrd5 expression level in genital glands. Using RNA interference, LmTdrd5 knockdown in males led to a lag in meiosis phase transition, decreased spermatid elongation and sperm production, and downregulated the expression of the two germ cell-specific transcription factors, LmCREM and LmACT, as well as the sperm tail marker gene LmQrich2.LmTdrd5 knockdown in females reduced the expression levels of vitellogenin (Vg) and Vg receptor (VgR) and impaired ovarian development and oocyte maturation, thus decreasing the hatchability rate. These results demonstrate that LmTdrd5 is essential for germ cell development and fertility in locusts, indicating a conserved function for TDRD5.
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Quinlan
- Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biosciences, The University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy Science Site, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Frank Giblin
- Biomedical Sciences Emeritus, Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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10
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Lachke SA. RNA-binding proteins and post-transcriptional regulation in lens biology and cataract: Mediating spatiotemporal expression of key factors that control the cell cycle, transcription, cytoskeleton and transparency. Exp Eye Res 2022; 214:108889. [PMID: 34906599 PMCID: PMC8792301 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Development of the ocular lens - a transparent tissue capable of sustaining frequent shape changes for optimal focusing power - pushes the boundaries of what cells can achieve using the molecular toolkit encoded by their genomes. The mammalian lens contains broadly two types of cells, the anteriorly located monolayer of epithelial cells which, at the equatorial region of the lens, initiate differentiation into fiber cells that contribute to the bulk of the tissue. This differentiation program involves massive upregulation of select fiber cell-expressed RNAs and their subsequent translation into high amounts of proteins, such as crystallins. But intriguingly, fiber cells achieve this while also simultaneously undergoing significant morphological changes such as elongation - involving about 1000-fold length-wise increase - and migration, which requires modulation of cytoskeletal and cell adhesion factors. Adding further to the challenges, these molecular and cellular events have to be coordinated as fiber cells progress toward loss of their nuclei and organelles, which irreversibly compromises their potential for harnessing genetically hardwired information. A long-standing question is how processes downstream of signaling and transcription, which may also participate in feedback regulation, contribute toward orchestrating these cellular differentiation events in the lens. It is now becoming clear from findings over the past decade that post-transcriptional gene expression regulatory mechanisms are critical in controlling cellular proteomes and coordinating key processes in lens development and fiber cell differentiation. Indeed, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) such as Caprin2, Celf1, Rbm24 and Tdrd7 have now been described in mediating post-transcriptional control over key factors (e.g. Actn2, Cdkn1a (p21Cip1), Cdkn1b (p27Kip1), various crystallins, Dnase2b, Hspb1, Pax6, Prox1, Sox2) that are variously involved in cell cycle, transcription, cytoskeleton maintenance and differentiation in the lens. Furthermore, deficiencies of these RBPs have been shown to result in various eye and lens defects and/or cataract. Because fiber cell differentiation in the lens occurs throughout life, the underlying regulatory mechanisms operational in development are expected to also be recruited for the maintenance of transparency in aged lenses. Indeed, in support of this, TDRD7 and CAPRIN2 loci have been linked to age-related cataract in humans. Here, I will review the role of key RBPs in the lens and their importance in understanding the pathology of lens defects. I will discuss advances in RBP-based gene expression control, in general, and the important challenges that need to be addressed in the lens to define the mechanisms that determine the epithelial and fiber cell proteome. Finally, I will also discuss in detail several key future directions including the application of bioinformatics approaches such as iSyTE to study RBP-based post-transcriptional gene expression control in the aging lens and in the context of age-related cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil A Lachke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, 105 The Green, Delaware Avenue, 236 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, USA; Center for Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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11
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Morgan M, Kumar L, Li Y, Baptissart M. Post-transcriptional regulation in spermatogenesis: all RNA pathways lead to healthy sperm. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:8049-8071. [PMID: 34748024 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiple RNA pathways are required to produce functional sperm. Here, we review RNA post-transcriptional regulation during spermatogenesis with particular emphasis on the role of 3' end modifications. From early studies in the 1970s, it became clear that spermiogenesis transcripts could be stored for days only to be translated at advanced stages of spermatid differentiation. The transition between the translationally repressed and active states was observed to correlate with the shortening of the transcripts' poly(A) tail, establishing a link between RNA 3' end metabolism and male germ cell differentiation. Since then, numerous RNA metabolic pathways have been implicated not only in the progression through spermatogenesis, but also in the maintenance of genomic integrity. Recent studies have characterized the elusive 3' biogenesis of Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), identified a critical role for messenger RNA (mRNA) 3' uridylation in meiotic progression, established the mechanisms that destabilize transcripts with long 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) in post-mitotic cells, and defined the physiological relevance of RNA exonucleases and deadenylases in male germ cells. In this review, we discuss RNA processing in the male germline in the light of the most recent findings. A brief recollection of different RNA-processing events will aid future studies exploring post-transcriptional regulation in spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Morgan
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Lokesh Kumar
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Yin Li
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Marine Baptissart
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
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12
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The birth of piRNAs: how mammalian piRNAs are produced, originated, and evolved. Mamm Genome 2021; 33:293-311. [PMID: 34724117 PMCID: PMC9114089 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-021-09927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small noncoding RNAs 24–35 nucleotides long, are essential for animal fertility. They play critical roles in a range of functions, including transposable element suppression, gene expression regulation, imprinting, and viral defense. In mammals, piRNAs are the most abundant small RNAs in adult testes and the only small RNAs that direct epigenetic modification of chromatin in the nucleus. The production of piRNAs is a complex process from transcription to post-transcription, requiring unique machinery often distinct from the biogenesis of other RNAs. In mice, piRNA biogenesis occurs in specialized subcellular locations, involves dynamic developmental regulation, and displays sexual dimorphism. Furthermore, the genomic loci and sequences of piRNAs evolve much more rapidly than most of the genomic regions. Understanding piRNA biogenesis should reveal novel RNA regulations recognizing and processing piRNA precursors and the forces driving the gain and loss of piRNAs during animal evolution. Such findings may provide the basis for the development of engineered piRNAs capable of modulating epigenetic regulation, thereby offering possible single-dose RNA therapy without changing the genomic DNA. In this review, we focus on the biogenesis of piRNAs in mammalian adult testes that are derived from long non-coding RNAs. Although piRNA biogenesis is believed to be evolutionarily conserved from fruit flies to humans, recent studies argue for the existence of diverse, mammalian-specific RNA-processing pathways that convert precursor RNAs into piRNAs, perhaps associated with the unique features of mammalian piRNAs or germ cell development. We end with the discussion of major questions in the field, including substrate recognition and the birth of new piRNAs.
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13
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Roscito JG, Subramanian K, Naumann R, Sarov M, Shevchenko A, Bogdanova A, Kurth T, Foerster L, Kreysing M, Hiller M. Recapitulating Evolutionary Divergence in a Single Cis-Regulatory Element Is Sufficient to Cause Expression Changes of the Lens Gene Tdrd7. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:380-392. [PMID: 32853335 PMCID: PMC7826196 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in cis-regulatory elements play important roles for phenotypic changes during evolution. Eye degeneration in the blind mole rat (BMR; Nannospalax galili) and other subterranean mammals is significantly associated with widespread divergence of eye regulatory elements, but the effect of these regulatory mutations on eye development and function has not been explored. Here, we investigate the effect of mutations observed in the BMR sequence of a conserved noncoding element upstream of Tdrd7, a pleiotropic gene required for lens development and spermatogenesis. We first show that this conserved element is a transcriptional repressor in lens cells and that the BMR sequence partially lost repressor activity. Next, we recapitulated evolutionary changes in this element by precisely replacing the endogenous regulatory element in a mouse line by the orthologous BMR sequence with CRISPR-Cas9. Strikingly, this repressor replacement caused a more than 2-fold upregulation of Tdrd7 in the developing lens; however, increased mRNA level does not result in a corresponding increase in TDRD7 protein nor an obvious lens phenotype, possibly explained by buffering at the posttranscriptional level. Our results are consistent with eye degeneration in subterranean mammals having a polygenic basis where many small-effect mutations in different eye-regulatory elements collectively contribute to phenotypic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana G Roscito
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Systems Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kaushikaram Subramanian
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Systems Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ronald Naumann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mihail Sarov
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aliona Bogdanova
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurth
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technology Platform, TU, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leo Foerster
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Systems Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz Kreysing
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Systems Biology, Dresden, Germany.,Center of Excellence, Physics of Life, Technical University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Hiller
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Systems Biology, Dresden, Germany
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14
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Filanti B, Piccinini G, Bettini S, Lazzari M, Franceschini V, Maurizii MG, Milani L. Early germline differentiation in bivalves: TDRD7 as a candidate investigational unit for Ruditapes philippinarum germ granule assembly. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:19-34. [PMID: 33770286 PMCID: PMC8277629 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-01983-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The germline is a key feature of sexual animals and the ways in which it separates from the soma differ widely across Metazoa. However, at least at some point during germline differentiation, some cytoplasmic supramolecular structures (collectively called germ plasm-related structures) are present and involved in its specification and/or differentiation. The factors involved in the assembly of these granular structures are various and non-ubiquitous among animals, even if some functional patterns and the presence of certain domains appear to be shared among some. For instance, the LOTUS domain is shared by Oskar, the Holometabola germ plasm master regulator, and some Tudor-family proteins assessed as being involved in the proper assembly of germ granules of different animals. Here, we looked for the presence of LOTUS-containing proteins in the transcriptome of Ruditapes philippinarum (Bivalvia). Such species is of particular interest because it displays annual renewal of gonads, sided by the renewal of germline differentiation pathways. Moreover, previous works have identified in its early germ cells cytoplasmic granules containing germline determinants. We selected the orthologue of TDRD7 as a candidate involved in the early steps of germline differentiation through bioinformatic predictions and immunohistological patterning (immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence). We observed the expression of the protein in putative precursors of germline cells, upstream to the germline marker Vasa. This, added to the fact that orthologues of this protein are involved in the assembly of germ granules in mouse, zebrafish, and fly, makes it a worthy study unit for investigations on the formation of such structures in bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Filanti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, BiGeA, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccinini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, BiGeA, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Bettini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, BiGeA, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Lazzari
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, BiGeA, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Franceschini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, BiGeA, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Maurizii
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, BiGeA, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Liliana Milani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, BiGeA, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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15
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Tu C, Li H, Liu X, Wang Y, Li W, Meng L, Wang W, Li Y, Li D, Du J, Lu G, Lin G, Tan YQ. TDRD7 participates in lens development and spermiogenesis by mediating autophagosome maturation. Autophagy 2021; 17:3848-3864. [PMID: 33618632 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1894058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, TDRD7 (tudor domain containing 7) mutations lead to a syndrome combining congenital cataracts (CCs) and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), characterized by abnormal lens development and spermiogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying TDRD7's functions in eye and testicular development are still largely unknown. Here, we show that the depletion of this gene in mice and humans resulted in the accumulation of autophagosomes and the disruption of macroautophagic/autophagic flux. The disrupted autophagic flux in tdrd7-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) was caused by a failure of autophagosome fusion with lysosomes. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis and biochemical assays showed that TDRD7 might directly bind to Tbc1d20 mRNAs and downregulate its expression, which is a key regulator of autophagosome maturation, resulting in the disruption of autophagosome maturation. In addition, we provide evidence to show that TDRD7-mediated autophagosome maturation maintains lens transparency by facilitating the removal of damaged proteins and organelles from lens fiber cells and the biogenesis of acrosome. Altogether, our results showed that TDRD7 plays an essential role in the maturation of autophagosomes and that tdrd7 deletion results in eye defects and testicular abnormalities in mice, implicating disrupted autophagy might be the mechanism that contributes to lens development and spermiogenesis defects in human.Abbreviations: CB: chromatoid bodies; CC: congenital cataract; CTSD: cathepsin D; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LECs: lens epithelial cells; MAP1LC3/LC3/Atg8: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; NOA: non-obstructive azoospermia; OFZ: organelle-free zone; RG: RNA granules; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TBC1D20: TBC1 domain family member 20; TDRD7: tudor domain containing 7; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Tu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.,The Center for Heart Development, Key Lab of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyu Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanlan Meng
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongyan Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Du
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Guangxiu Lu
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
| | - Yue-Qiu Tan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
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16
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D'Orazio FM, Balwierz PJ, González AJ, Guo Y, Hernández-Rodríguez B, Wheatley L, Jasiulewicz A, Hadzhiev Y, Vaquerizas JM, Cairns B, Lenhard B, Müller F. Germ cell differentiation requires Tdrd7-dependent chromatin and transcriptome reprogramming marked by germ plasm relocalization. Dev Cell 2021; 56:641-656.e5. [PMID: 33651978 PMCID: PMC7957325 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In many animal models, primordial germ cell (PGC) development depends on maternally deposited germ plasm, which prevents somatic cell fate. Here, we show that PGCs respond to regulatory information from the germ plasm in two distinct phases using two distinct mechanisms in zebrafish. We demonstrate that PGCs commence zygotic genome activation together with the somatic blastocysts with no demonstrable differences in transcriptional and chromatin opening. Unexpectedly, both PGC and somatic blastocysts activate germ-cell-specific genes, which are only stabilized in PGCs by cytoplasmic germ plasm determinants. Disaggregated perinuclear relocalization of germ plasm during PGC migration is regulated by the germ plasm determinant Tdrd7 and is coupled to dramatic divergence between PGC and somatic transcriptomes. This transcriptional divergence relies on PGC-specific cis-regulatory elements characterized by promoter-proximal distribution. We show that Tdrd7-dependent reconfiguration of chromatin accessibility is required for elaboration of PGC fate but not for PGC migration. No evidence for transcriptional activation delay in zebrafish PGCs Germ-plasm-associated post-transcriptional divergence during ZGA Epigenetic reprogramming marks onset of PGC migration Epigenetic reprogramming in PGCs relies on Tdrd7, coupled to germ plasm relocalization
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio M D'Orazio
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Piotr J Balwierz
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ada Jimenez González
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yixuan Guo
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Lucy Wheatley
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Aleksandra Jasiulewicz
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yavor Hadzhiev
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Juan M Vaquerizas
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, Muenster, Germany
| | - Bradley Cairns
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Boris Lenhard
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.
| | - Ferenc Müller
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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17
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Anand D, Al Saai S, Shrestha SK, Barnum CE, Chuma S, Lachke SA. Genome-Wide Analysis of Differentially Expressed miRNAs and Their Associated Regulatory Networks in Lenses Deficient for the Congenital Cataract-Linked Tudor Domain Containing Protein TDRD7. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:615761. [PMID: 33665188 PMCID: PMC7921330 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.615761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations/deficiency of TDRD7, encoding a tudor domain protein involved in post-transcriptional gene expression control, causes early onset cataract in humans. While Tdrd7 is implicated in the control of key lens mRNAs, the impact of Tdrd7 deficiency on microRNAs (miRNAs) and how this contributes to transcriptome misexpression and to cataracts, is undefined. We address this critical knowledge-gap by investigating Tdrd7-targeted knockout (Tdrd7-/-) mice that exhibit fully penetrant juvenile cataracts. We performed Affymetrix miRNA 3.0 microarray analysis on Tdrd7-/- mouse lenses at postnatal day (P) 4, a stage preceding cataract formation. This analysis identifies 22 miRNAs [14 over-expressed (miR-15a, miR-19a, miR-138, miR-328, miR-339, miR-345, miR-378b, miR-384, miR-467a, miR-1224, miR-1935, miR-1946a, miR-3102, miR-3107), 8 reduced (let-7b, miR-34c, miR-298, miR-382, miR-409, miR-1198, miR-1947, miR-3092)] to be significantly misexpressed (fold-change ≥ ± 1.2, p-value < 0.05) in Tdrd7-/- lenses. To understand how these misexpressed miRNAs impact Tdrd7-/- cataract, we predicted their mRNA targets and examined their misexpression upon Tdrd7-deficiency by performing comparative transcriptomics analysis on P4 and P30 Tdrd7-/- lens. To prioritize these target mRNAs, we used various stringency filters (e.g., fold-change in Tdrd7-/- lens, iSyTE-based lens-enriched expression) and identified 98 reduced and 89 elevated mRNA targets for overexpressed and reduced miRNAs, respectively, which were classified as “top-priority” “high-priority,” and “promising” candidates. For Tdrd7-/- lens overexpressed miRNAs, this approach identified 18 top-priority reduced target mRNAs: Alad, Ankrd46, Ceacam10, Dgat2, Ednrb, H2-Eb1, Klhl22, Lin7a, Loxl1, Lpin1, Npc1, Olfm1, Ppm1e, Ppp1r1a, Rgs8, Shisa4, Snx22 and Wnk2. Majority of these targets were also altered in other gene-specific perturbation mouse models (e.g., Brg1, E2f1/E2f2/E2f3, Foxe3, Hsf4, Klf4, Mafg/Mafk, Notch) of lens defects/cataract, suggesting their importance to lens biology. Gene ontology (GO) provided further insight into their relevance to lens pathology. For example, the Tdrd7-deficient lens capsule defect may be explained by reduced mRNA targets (e.g., Col4a3, Loxl1, Timp2, Timp3) associated with “basement membrane”. GO analysis also identified new genes (e.g., Casz1, Rasgrp1) recently linked to lens biology/pathology. Together, these analyses define a new Tdrd7-downstream miRNA-mRNA network, in turn, uncovering several new mRNA targets and their associated pathways relevant to lens biology and offering molecular insights into the pathology of congenital cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Anand
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Salma Al Saai
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States.,Center for Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Sanjaya K Shrestha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Carrie E Barnum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Shinichiro Chuma
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Salil A Lachke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States.,Center for Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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18
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Dong YT, Feng HY, Tian XQ, Wang QL, Zhang SF, Ma KY, Qiu GF. Identification of a novel germ cell marker MnTdrd from the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. Dev Genes Evol 2020; 231:11-19. [PMID: 33244643 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-020-00671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Germ cell-specific genes play an important role in establishing the reproductive system in sexual organisms and have been used as valuable markers for studying gametogenesis and sex differentiation. Previously, we isolated a vasa transcript as a germ cell marker to trace the origin and migration of germ cells in the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. Here, we identified a new germ cell-specific marker MnTdrd RNA and assessed its temporal and spatial expression during oogenesis and embryogenesis. MnTdrd transcripts were expressed in high abundance in unfertilized eggs and embryos at cleavage stage and then dropped significantly during late embryogenesis, suggesting that MnTdrd mRNA is maternally inherited. In situ hybridization of ovarian tissue showed that MnTdrd mRNA was initially present in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocyte and localized to the perinuclear region as the accumulation of yolk in vitellogenic oocyte. Whole-mount in situ hybridization of embryos showed that MnTdrd-positive signals were only localized in one blastomere until 16-cell stage. In the blastula, there were approximately 16 MnTdrd-positive blastomeres. During embryonized-zoea stage, the MnTdrd-positive cells aggregated as a cluster and migrated to the genital rudiment which would develop into primordial germ cells (PGCs). The localized expression pattern of MnTdrd transcripts resembled that of the previously identified germ cell marker vasa, supporting the preformation mode of germ cell specification. Therefore, we concluded that MnTdrd, together with vasa, is a component of the germ plasm and might have critical roles in germ cell formation and differentiation in the prawn. Thus, MnTdrd can be used as a novel germ cell marker to trace the origin and migration of germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ting Dong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hai-Yang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qi-Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shu-Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ke-Yi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Gao-Feng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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19
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Kubíková J, Reinig R, Salgania HK, Jeske M. LOTUS-domain proteins - developmental effectors from a molecular perspective. Biol Chem 2020; 402:7-23. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The LOTUS domain (also known as OST-HTH) is a highly conserved protein domain found in a variety of bacteria and eukaryotes. In animals, the LOTUS domain is present in the proteins Oskar, TDRD5/Tejas, TDRD7/TRAP/Tapas, and MARF1/Limkain B1, all of which play essential roles in animal development, in particular during oogenesis and/or spermatogenesis. This review summarizes the diverse biological as well as molecular functions of LOTUS-domain proteins and discusses their roles as helicase effectors, post-transcriptional regulators, and critical cofactors of piRNA-mediated transcript silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kubíková
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center , Im Neuenheimer Feld 328 , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Rebecca Reinig
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center , Im Neuenheimer Feld 328 , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Harpreet Kaur Salgania
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center , Im Neuenheimer Feld 328 , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Mandy Jeske
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center , Im Neuenheimer Feld 328 , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
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20
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Dodson AE, Kennedy S. Phase Separation in Germ Cells and Development. Dev Cell 2020; 55:4-17. [PMID: 33007213 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The animal germline is an immortal cell lineage that gives rise to eggs and/or sperm each generation. Fusion of an egg and sperm, or fertilization, sets off a cascade of developmental events capable of producing an array of different cell types and body plans. How germ cells develop, function, and eventually give rise to entirely new organisms is an important question in biology. A growing body of evidence suggests that phase separation events likely play a significant and multifaceted role in germ cells and development. Here, we discuss the organization, dynamics, and potential functions of phase-separated compartments in germ cells and examine the various ways in which phase separation might contribute to the development of multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Dodson
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Scott Kennedy
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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21
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Meng X, Zhang L, Hou J, Ma T, Pan C, Zhou Y, Han R, Ding Y, Peng H, Xiang Z, Li D, Han X. The mechanisms in the altered ontogenetic development and lung-related pathology in microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR)-paternal-exposed offspring mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139678. [PMID: 32479959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A father's lifetime experience is a major risk factor for a range of diseases in an individual, and the consequences of the exposure can also be transmitted to his offspring. Our previous work has demonstrated that damage to testicular structures and decline in sperm quality in male mice can be caused by microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR), but the overall effects of the scope and extent of paternal exposure on health and disease in the offspring remain underexplored. Here, we report that MC-LR-paternal-exposed offspring mice showed reduced litter size and body weight accompanied by increased abnormalities in the lung. Analyses of the small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) in the sperm from MC-LR-exposed males demonstrated the downregulation of a wide range of piRNAs enriched for those target genes involved in the regulation of the embryo implantation pathways. Gene and protein expression analyses, as well as biochemical and functional studies, revealed suppressed expression of Hsp90α in testicular tissues from MC-LR-exposed males. Decreased Hsp90α in testicular tissues impaired the development of the offspring. In this study, we revealed that MC-LR alters the expression of Hsp90α in testicular tissues to cause changes in the expression profiles of sperm piRNAs produced by paternal mice. These changes lead to aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in pulmonary tissues of offspring mice, causing lung tissue damage and abnormal development. We hereby confirmed that MC-LR-induced alterations in epigenetic inheritance are capable of contributing to intergenerational developmental defects in paternal-exposed offspring mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiannan Meng
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Jiwei Hou
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Tan Ma
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Chun Pan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Ruitong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Yuanzhen Ding
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Haoran Peng
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
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22
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Barnum CE, Al Saai S, Patel SD, Cheng C, Anand D, Xu X, Dash S, Siddam AD, Glazewski L, Paglione E, Polson SW, Chuma S, Mason RW, Wei S, Batish M, Fowler VM, Lachke SA. The Tudor-domain protein TDRD7, mutated in congenital cataract, controls the heat shock protein HSPB1 (HSP27) and lens fiber cell morphology. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:2076-2097. [PMID: 32420594 PMCID: PMC7390939 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the RNA granule component TDRD7 (OMIM: 611258) cause pediatric cataract. We applied an integrated approach to uncover the molecular pathology of cataract in Tdrd7-/- mice. Early postnatal Tdrd7-/- animals precipitously develop cataract suggesting a global-level breakdown/misregulation of key cellular processes. High-throughput RNA sequencing integrated with iSyTE-bioinformatics analysis identified the molecular chaperone and cytoskeletal modulator, HSPB1, among high-priority downregulated candidates in Tdrd7-/- lens. A protein fluorescence two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE)-coupled mass spectrometry screen also identified HSPB1 downregulation, offering independent support for its importance to Tdrd7-/- cataractogenesis. Lens fiber cells normally undergo nuclear degradation for transparency, posing a challenge: how is their cell morphology, also critical for transparency, controlled post-nuclear degradation? HSPB1 functions in cytoskeletal maintenance, and its reduction in Tdrd7-/- lens precedes cataract, suggesting cytoskeletal defects may contribute to Tdrd7-/- cataract. In agreement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed abnormal fiber cell morphology in Tdrd7-/- lenses. Further, abnormal phalloidin and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining of Tdrd7-/- fiber cells, particularly those exhibiting nuclear degradation, reveals distinct regulatory mechanisms control F-actin cytoskeletal and/or membrane maintenance in post-organelle degradation maturation stage fiber cells. Indeed, RNA immunoprecipitation identified Hspb1 mRNA in wild-type lens lysate TDRD7-pulldowns, and single-molecule RNA imaging showed co-localization of TDRD7 protein with cytoplasmic Hspb1 mRNA in differentiating fiber cells, suggesting that TDRD7-ribonucleoprotein complexes may be involved in optimal buildup of key factors. Finally, Hspb1 knockdown in Xenopus causes eye/lens defects. Together, these data uncover TDRD7's novel upstream role in elevation of stress-responsive chaperones for cytoskeletal maintenance in post-nuclear degradation lens fiber cells, perturbation of which causes early-onset cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie E Barnum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Salma Al Saai
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shaili D Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Catherine Cheng
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Deepti Anand
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Xiaolu Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Soma Dash
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Archana D Siddam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Lisa Glazewski
- Nemours Biomedical Research Department, Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Emily Paglione
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shawn W Polson
- Center for Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shinichiro Chuma
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Robert W Mason
- Nemours Biomedical Research Department, Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Mona Batish
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Velia M Fowler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Salil A Lachke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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23
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McNeill RV, Ziegler GC, Radtke F, Nieberler M, Lesch KP, Kittel-Schneider S. Mental health dished up-the use of iPSC models in neuropsychiatric research. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:1547-1568. [PMID: 32377792 PMCID: PMC7578166 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and molecular mechanisms that play a causal role in mental illnesses are challenging to elucidate, particularly as there is a lack of relevant in vitro and in vivo models. However, the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has provided researchers with a novel toolbox. We conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA statement. A PubMed and Web of Science online search was performed (studies published between 2006–2020) using the following search strategy: hiPSC OR iPSC OR iPS OR stem cells AND schizophrenia disorder OR personality disorder OR antisocial personality disorder OR psychopathy OR bipolar disorder OR major depressive disorder OR obsessive compulsive disorder OR anxiety disorder OR substance use disorder OR alcohol use disorder OR nicotine use disorder OR opioid use disorder OR eating disorder OR anorexia nervosa OR attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder OR gaming disorder. Using the above search criteria, a total of 3515 studies were found. After screening, a final total of 56 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in our study. Using iPSC technology, psychiatric disease can be studied in the context of a patient’s own unique genetic background. This has allowed great strides to be made into uncovering the etiology of psychiatric disease, as well as providing a unique paradigm for drug testing. However, there is a lack of data for certain psychiatric disorders and several limitations to present iPSC-based studies, leading us to discuss how this field may progress in the next years to increase its utility in the battle to understand psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon V McNeill
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg C Ziegler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Radtke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Nieberler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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24
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Babakhanzadeh E, Khodadadian A, Rostami S, Alipourfard I, Aghaei M, Nazari M, Hosseinnia M, Mehrjardi MYV, Jamshidi Y, Ghasemi N. Testicular expression of TDRD1, TDRD5, TDRD9 and TDRD12 in azoospermia. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:33. [PMID: 32059713 PMCID: PMC7023801 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-0970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Tudor domain-containing proteins (TDRDs) play a critical role in piRNA biogenesis and germ cell development. piRNAs, small regulatory RNAs, act by silencing of transposons during germline development and it has recently been shown in animal model studies that defects in TDRD genes can lead to sterility in males. Methods Here we evaluate gene and protein expression levels of four key TDRDs (TDRD1, TDRD5, TDRD9 and TDRD12) in testicular biopsy samples obtained from men with obstructive azoospermia (OA, n = 29), as controls, and various types of non-obstructive azoospermia containing hypospermatogenesis (HP, 28), maturation arrest (MA, n = 30), and Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS, n = 32) as cases. One-way ANOVA test followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison post-test was used to determine inter-group differences in TDRD gene expression among cases and controls. Results The results showed very low expression of TDRD genes in SCOS specimens. Also, the expression of TDRD1 and TDRD9 genes were lower in MA samples compared to OA samples. The expression of TDRD5 significantly reduced in SCOS, MA and HP specimens than the OA specimens. Indeed, TDRD12 exhibited a very low expression in HP specimens in comparison to OA specimens. All these results were confirmed by Western blot technique. Conclusion TDRDs could be very important in male infertility, which should be express in certain stages of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Babakhanzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Khodadadian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Saadi Rostami
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Iraj Alipourfard
- Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mohsen Aghaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Majid Nazari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hosseinnia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yahya Vahidi Mehrjardi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Yalda Jamshidi
- Genetics Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Nasrin Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. .,Abortion Research Centre, Yazd Reproductive Sicences Institue, Shahid sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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25
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Mitochondria Associated Germinal Structures in Spermatogenesis: piRNA Pathway Regulation and Beyond. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020399. [PMID: 32050598 PMCID: PMC7072634 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple specific granular structures are present in the cytoplasm of germ cells, termed nuage, which are electron-dense, non-membranous, close to mitochondria and/or nuclei, variant size yielding to different compartments harboring different components, including intermitochondrial cement (IMC), piP-body, and chromatoid body (CB). Since mitochondria exhibit different morphology and topographical arrangements to accommodate specific needs during spermatogenesis, the distribution of mitochondria-associated nuage is also dynamic. The most relevant nuage structure with mitochondria is IMC, also called pi-body, present in prospermatogonia, spermatogonia, and spermatocytes. IMC is primarily enriched with various Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) proteins and mainly functions as piRNA biogenesis, transposon silencing, mRNA translation, and mitochondria fusion. Importantly, our previous work reported that mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) are abundant in spermatogenic cells and contain many crucial proteins associated with the piRNA pathway. Provocatively, IMC functionally communicates with other nuage structures, such as piP-body, to perform its complex functions in spermatogenesis. Although little is known about the formation of both IMC and MAMs, its distinctive characters have attracted considerable attention. Here, we review the insights gained from studying the structural components of mitochondria-associated germinal structures, including IMC, CB, and MAMs, which are pivotal structures to ensure genome integrity and male fertility. We discuss the roles of the structural components in spermatogenesis and piRNA biogenesis, which provide new insights into mitochondria-associated germinal structures in germ cell development and male reproduction.
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26
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Luo S, Gao X, Ding J, Liu C, Du C, Hou C, Zhu J, Lou B. Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals the Traits of Spermatogenesis and Testicular Development in Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys crocea). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E958. [PMID: 31766567 PMCID: PMC6947352 DOI: 10.3390/genes10120958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Larimichthys crocea is an economically important marine fish in China. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying testicular development and spermatogenesis in L. crocea have not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis between testes (TES) and pooled multiple tissues (PMT) (liver, spleen, heart, and kidney) from six male individuals. More than 54 million clean reads were yielded from TES and PMT libraries. After mapping to the draft genome of L. crocea, we acquired 25,787 genes from the transcriptome dataset. Expression analyses identified a total of 3853 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 2194 testes-biased genes (highly expressed in the TES) and 1659 somatic-biased genes (highly expressed in the PMT). The dataset was further annotated by blasting with multi-databases. Functional genes and enrichment pathways involved in spermatogenesis and testicular development were analyzed, such as the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, cell cycle pathway, and dynein, kinesin, myosin, actin, heat shock protein (hsp), synaptonemal complex protein 2 (sycp2), doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor 1 (dmrt1), spermatogenesis-associated genes (spata), DEAD-Box Helicases (ddx), tudor domain-containing protein (tdrd), and piwi genes. The candidate genes identified by this study lay the foundation for further studies into the molecular mechanisms underlying testicular development and spermatogenesis in L. crocea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.L.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (C.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Xinming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.L.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (C.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Jie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.L.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (C.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.L.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (C.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Chen Du
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.L.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (C.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Congcong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.L.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (C.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Junquan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.L.); (X.G.); (J.D.); (C.L.); (C.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Bao Lou
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
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27
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Ozata DM, Gainetdinov I, Zoch A, O'Carroll D, Zamore PD. PIWI-interacting RNAs: small RNAs with big functions. Nat Rev Genet 2019; 20:89-108. [PMID: 30446728 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-018-0073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 646] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In animals, PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) of 21-35 nucleotides in length silence transposable elements, regulate gene expression and fight viral infection. piRNAs guide PIWI proteins to cleave target RNA, promote heterochromatin assembly and methylate DNA. The architecture of the piRNA pathway allows it both to provide adaptive, sequence-based immunity to rapidly evolving viruses and transposons and to regulate conserved host genes. piRNAs silence transposons in the germ line of most animals, whereas somatic piRNA functions have been lost, gained and lost again across evolution. Moreover, most piRNA pathway proteins are deeply conserved, but different animals employ remarkably divergent strategies to produce piRNA precursor transcripts. Here, we discuss how a common piRNA pathway allows animals to recognize diverse targets, ranging from selfish genetic elements to genes essential for gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz M Ozata
- RNA Therapeutics Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ildar Gainetdinov
- RNA Therapeutics Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ansgar Zoch
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dónal O'Carroll
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Phillip D Zamore
- RNA Therapeutics Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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28
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Gan B, Chen S, Liu H, Min J, Liu K. Structure and function of eTudor domain containing TDRD proteins. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:119-132. [DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1603199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Sizhuo Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jinrong Min
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, PR China
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ke Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, PR China
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29
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Wang B, Du X, Wang H, Jin C, Gao C, Liu J, Zhang Q. Comparative studies on duplicated tdrd7 paralogs in teleosts: Molecular evolution caused neo-functionalization. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 30:347-357. [PMID: 31059868 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The third-round whole genome duplication (3R-WGD) event occurred in the stem lineage of teleost during evolution, and is considered to be responsible for the biological diversification of ray-finned fishes. TUDOR domain containing protein 7 (Tdrd7), which belongs to the Tudor family proteins has been widely discussed in mammals. However, information about this gene in teleost is still lacking. In this study, two teleost tdrd7 genes (tdrd7a and tdrd7b) were identified in the transcriptome of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Through genomic structure, phylogenetic, synteny analysis and online bioinformatic mining of tdrd7 duplications in other selected species, we confirmed that tdrd7a/7b were originated from the teleost-specific 3R-WGD. The tdrd7a is specific to teleost except for spotted gar. The tdrd7a showed a higher molecular evolution rate than tdrd7b with longer branch-length in the phylogenetic tree and multiple positively selected sites. Interestingly, it showed gonad specific expression pattern in adult tissues and germ cell specific distribution in embryos and gonads. Its 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) labeled eGFP/DsRED could visualize primordial germ cells (PGCs) in zebrafish embryos. The tdrd7b did not show similar tissue and cell type specificity. These characteristic differences between the duplicated tdrd7 paralogues suggest that tdrd7a and tdrd7b have undergone neofunctionalization in Japanese flounder. Our results provide novel insight into the evolution and functional diversification of teleost tdrd7 genes deserving further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxin Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Huizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chaofan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, China.
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30
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Macron C, Lane L, Núñez Galindo A, Dayon L. Deep Dive on the Proteome of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid: A Valuable Data Resource for Biomarker Discovery and Missing Protein Identification. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:4113-4126. [PMID: 30124047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a body fluid of choice for biomarker studies of brain disorders but remains relatively under-studied compared with other biological fluids such as plasma, partly due to the more invasive means of its sample collection. The present study establishes an in-depth CSF proteome through the analysis of a unique CSF sample from a pool of donors. After immunoaffinity depletion, the CSF sample was fractionated using off-gel electrophoresis and analyzed with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (MS) using the latest generation of hybrid Orbitrap mass spectrometers. The shotgun proteomic analysis allowed the identification of 20 689 peptides mapping on 3379 proteins. To the best of our knowledge, the obtained data set constitutes the largest CSF proteome published so far. Among the CSF proteins identified, 34% correspond to genes whose transcripts are highly expressed in brain according to the Human Protein Atlas. The principal Alzheimer's disease biomarkers (e.g., tau protein, amyloid-β, apolipoprotein E, and neurogranin) were detected. Importantly, our data set significantly contributes to the Chromosome-centric Human Proteome Project (C-HPP), and 12 proteins considered as missing are proposed for validation in accordance with the HPP guidelines. Of these 12 proteins, 8 proteins are based on 2 to 6 uniquely mapping peptides from this CSF analysis, and 4 match a new peptide with a "stranded" single peptide in PeptideAtlas from previous CSF studies. The MS proteomic data are available to the ProteomeXchange Consortium ( http://www.proteomexchange.org/ ) with the data set identifier PXD009646.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Macron
- Proteomics , Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Lydie Lane
- CALIPHO Group , SIB-Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics , CMU, rue Michel-Servet 1 , 1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Geneva , rue Michel-Servet 1 , 1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
| | | | - Loïc Dayon
- Proteomics , Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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31
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Zhao J, Wang B, Yu H, Wang Y, Liu X, Zhang Q. tdrd1 is a germline-specific and sexually dimorphically expressed gene in Paralichthys olivaceus. Gene 2018; 673:61-69. [PMID: 29920365 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tudor domain containing protein 1 (tdrd1) is a member of the Tudor family and has shown essential functions during embryogenesis and gametogenesis. In this study, we cloned the full length cDNA of Paralichthys olivaceus tdrd1 (Potdrd1). PoTDRD1 is a multidomain protein with an N-terminal MYND zinc finger domain, followed by four tandem extended Tudor domains. Sequence comparison, genomic structure, phylogenetic analyses and synteny analyses showed that Potdrd1 was homologous to those of other teleosts. In adult individuals, the expression of Potdrd1 was higher in testis than in ovary, demonstrating a sexually dimorphic gene expression pattern. In situ hybridization (ISH) showed that Potdrd1 mRNA was detected in oogonia and oocytes of ovary as well as in spermatogonia and spermatocytes of testis. In juveniles during gonad differentiation its expression level increased rapidly from 30 dph to 100 dph and showed obvious sexual dimorphism that was in accordance with the expression of anti-Mullerian hormone (amh). Potdrd1 mRNA was consistently detected during embryogenesis, and its level was higher from unfertilzed eggs to the blastula stage and subsequently decreased until hatching. When chimeric RNA containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and 3' untranslated regions (UTR) of Potdrd1 was microinjected into zebrafish fertilized eggs, the green fluorescence could be visualized only in putative PGCs. These results indicated that Potdrd1 is a germline specific and sexually dimorphic factor that potentially functionate in germline development and gametogenesis in Japanese flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, China.
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32
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Wu Y, Xu K, Qi H. Domain-functional analyses of PIWIL1 and PABPC1 indicate their synergistic roles in protein translation via 3′-UTRs of meiotic mRNAs†. Biol Reprod 2018; 99:773-788. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Wu
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaibiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huayu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Sha YW, Wang X, Su ZY, Wang C, Ji ZY, Mei LB, Zhang L, Deng BB, Huang XJ, Yan W, Chen J, Li P, Cui YQ, Qu QL, Yin C, He XM. TDRD6 is associated with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia by sequencing the patient from a consanguineous family. Gene 2018; 659:84-88. [PMID: 29551503 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) is characterized as low sperm count, decreased sperm motility and structural abnormalities of the sperm head in the same patient. However, very few studies reported the genetic alterations associated with OAT. Here we report a 38-year-old patient with OAT from a consanguineous family, with 2-6 million/mL sperm density, 2.1-3.8% normal sperm morphology and immotile sperm. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) identified homozygous variant c.1259A>G:p.Y420C in the TDRD6 gene. TDRD6 is a testis-specific expressed protein that was localized to the chromatoid bodies in germ cells and played an important role in the nonsense-mediated decay pathway. This rare variant co-segregated with the OAT phenotype in this family. Bioinformatic analysis also suggested the variant a pathogenic mutation. Two intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles were carried out in the patient's wife, but she did not become pregnant after embryo transfer. So the mutations in TDRD6 may be associated with human male infertility and early embryonic lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wei Sha
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiamen Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Su
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiamen Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Chengrong Wang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Ji
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiamen Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Li-Bin Mei
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiamen Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiamen Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Bing-Bing Deng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiamen Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xian-Jing Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiamen Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiamen Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Cui
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Qing-Lan Qu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China.
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing 100026, China.
| | - Xue-Mei He
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiamen Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
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Investigation of piwi-interacting RNA pathway genes role in idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:142. [PMID: 29317647 PMCID: PMC5760646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes involved in piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) pathway have an essential role in spermatogenesis. HIWI and TDRD proteins are critical for piRNA biogenesis and function. Therefore, Mutations and polymorphisms in HIWI and TDRD genes may play role in male infertility. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of HIWI2 rs508485 (T>C) and HIWI3 rs11703684 (C>T) polymorphisms and mutational analysis of TDRD5 gene in idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia in a case-control study including 226 non-obstructive azoospermia patients and 200 fertile males. Genotyping for both polymorphisms was performed using Tetra-Primer ARMS PCR. Mutation analysis of TDRD5 gene was done using multi-temperature single strand conformation polymorphism technique (MSSCP). The frequency of rs508485TC genotype was significantly different in the studied groups (P = 0.0032; OR = 2.12; 95% CI, 1.29-3.48). In addition, the genotype frequencies showed a significant difference under dominant model (P = 0.005; OR = 2.79; 95% CI, 1.22-3.13). No mutation was detected in the Tudor domain of the TDRD5 in the studied patients. In conclusion, we provide evidence for association between genetic variation in the HIWI2 gene and idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia in Iranian patients. Therefore, piRNA pathway genes variants can be considered as risk factors for male infertility.
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35
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Lehtiniemi T, Kotaja N. Germ granule-mediated RNA regulation in male germ cells. Reproduction 2017; 155:R77-R91. [PMID: 29038333 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Germ cells have exceptionally diverse transcriptomes. Furthermore, the progress of spermatogenesis is accompanied by dramatic changes in gene expression patterns, the most drastic of them being near-to-complete transcriptional silencing during the final steps of differentiation. Therefore, accurate RNA regulatory mechanisms are critical for normal spermatogenesis. Cytoplasmic germ cell-specific ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules, known as germ granules, participate in posttranscriptional regulation in developing male germ cells. Particularly, germ granules provide platforms for the PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway and appear to be involved both in piRNA biogenesis and piRNA-targeted RNA degradation. Recently, other RNA regulatory mechanisms, such as the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway have also been associated to germ granules providing new exciting insights into the function of germ granules. In this review article, we will summarize our current knowledge on the role of germ granules in the control of mammalian male germ cell's transcriptome and in the maintenance of fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noora Kotaja
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland
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36
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Tan YQ, Tu C, Meng L, Yuan S, Sjaarda C, Luo A, Du J, Li W, Gong F, Zhong C, Deng HX, Lu G, Liang P, Lin G. Loss-of-function mutations in TDRD7 lead to a rare novel syndrome combining congenital cataract and nonobstructive azoospermia in humans. Genet Med 2017; 21:1209-1217. [PMID: 31048812 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Comorbid familial nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) and congenital cataract (CC) have not been reported previously, and no single human gene has been associated with both diseases in humans. Our purpose was to uncover novel human mutations and genes causing familial NOA and CC. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing for two brothers with both NOA and CC from a consanguineous family. Mutation screening of TDRD7 was performed in another similar consanguineous family and 176 patients with azoospermia or CC alone and 520 healthy controls. Histological analysis was performed for the biopsied testicle sample in one patient, and knockout mice were constructed to verify the phenotype of the mutation in TDRD7. RESULTS Two novel loss-of-function mutations (c.324_325insA (T110Nfs*30) and c.688_689insA (p.Y230X), respectively) of TDRD7 were found in the affected patients from the two unrelated consanguineous families. Histological analysis demonstrated a lack of mature sperm in the male patient's seminiferous tubules. The mutations were not detected in patients with CC or NOA alone. Mice with Tdrd7 gene disrupted at a similar position precisely replicated the human syndrome. CONCLUSION We identified TDRD7 causing CC as a new pathogenic gene for male azoospermia in human, with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Qiu Tan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, College of Basic of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Chaofeng Tu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, College of Basic of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Lanlan Meng
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, College of Basic of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Shimin Yuan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, College of Basic of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Calvin Sjaarda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aixiang Luo
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, College of Basic of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Du
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, College of Basic of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, College of Basic of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Gong
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, College of Basic of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Changgao Zhong
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, College of Basic of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Han-Xiang Deng
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guangxiu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, College of Basic of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Changsha, China.
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37
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Chen F, Luo M, Lai F, Yu C, Cheng H, Zhou R. Biased Duplications and Loss of Members in Tdrd Family in Teleost Fish. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2017; 328:727-736. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis; Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Genetics; College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Majing Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis; Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Genetics; College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Fengling Lai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis; Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Genetics; College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Chunlai Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis; Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Genetics; College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Hanhua Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis; Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Genetics; College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Rongjia Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis; Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Genetics; College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
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38
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Dai X, Shu Y, Lou Q, Tian Q, Zhai G, Song J, Lu S, Yu H, He J, Yin Z. Tdrd12 Is Essential for Germ Cell Development and Maintenance in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061127. [PMID: 28590408 PMCID: PMC5485951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The regularity of Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis is crucial to germline development. Functioning as Piwi-interacting proteins, Tudor domain-related proteins (Tdrds) have been demonstrated to be involved in spermatogenesis and the piRNA pathway. In this study, zebrafish tdrd12 was identified, and the maternal and germ cell-specific expression patterns of zebrafish tdrd12 were observed. Utilizing TALEN (transcription activator-like effector nuclease) techniques, two independent tdrd12 mutant zebrafish lines were generated. Although no defects were found during the generation of the primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the tdrd12-null fish progenies obtained from the heterozygous tdrd12 mutant parents, all Tdrd12-deficient fish developed into infertile males. The reduced numbers and eventually loss of the germ cells by 35 days post fertilization (dpf) led to masculinization and infertility of the Tdrd12-deficient fish. Meiosis defects of the germ cells in the tdrd12 mutants during the gonad-transitioning period were observed, revealing the indispensable functions of Tdrd12 in gametogenesis. Our studies demonstrated that zebrafish Tdrd12 is essential for germ cell development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Dai
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Yuqin Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qiyong Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Qiang Tian
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Gang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Jia Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Suxiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Jiangyan He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Zhan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Tarabay Y, Achour M, Teletin M, Ye T, Teissandier A, Mark M, Bourc'his D, Viville S. Tex19 paralogs are new members of the piRNA pathway controlling retrotransposon suppression. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1463-1474. [PMID: 28254886 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.188763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tex19 genes are mammalian specific and duplicated to give Tex19.1 and Tex19.2 in some species, such as the mouse and rat. It has been demonstrated that mutant Tex19.1 males display a variable degree of infertility whereas they all upregulate MMERVK10C transposons in their germ line. In order to study the function of both paralogs in the mouse, we generated and studied Tex19 double knockout (Tex19DKO) mutant mice. Adult Tex19DKO males exhibited a fully penetrant phenotype, similar to the most severe phenotype observed in the single Tex19.1KO mice, with small testes and impaired spermatogenesis, defects in meiotic chromosome synapsis, persistence of DNA double-strand breaks during meiosis, lack of post-meiotic germ cells and upregulation of MMERVK10C expression. The phenotypic similarities to mice with knockouts in the Piwi family genes prompted us to check and then demonstrate, by immunoprecipitation and GST pulldown followed by mass spectrometry analyses, that TEX19 paralogs interact with PIWI proteins and the TEX19 VPTEL domain directly binds Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in adult testes. We therefore identified two new members of the postnatal piRNA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Tarabay
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 1704/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Mayada Achour
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 1704/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Marius Teletin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 1704/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France.,Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Tao Ye
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 1704/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Aurélie Teissandier
- Institut Curie, department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Manuel Mark
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 1704/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France.,Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Déborah Bourc'his
- Institut Curie, department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Viville
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U964/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 1704/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France .,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Strasbourg 67000, France
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Modeling anorexia nervosa: transcriptional insights from human iPSC-derived neurons. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1060. [PMID: 28291261 PMCID: PMC5416680 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex and multifactorial disorder occurring predominantly in women. Despite having the highest mortality among psychiatric conditions, it still lacks robust and effective treatment. Disorders such as AN are most likely syndromes with multiple genetic contributions, however, genome-wide studies have been underpowered to reveal associations with this uncommon illness. Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from adolescent females with AN and unaffected controls. These iPSCs were differentiated into neural cultures and subjected to extensive transcriptome analysis. Within a small cohort of patients who presented for treatment, we identified a novel gene that appears to contribute to AN pathophysiology, TACR1 (tachykinin 1 receptor). The participation of tachykinins in a variety of biological processes and their interactions with other neurotransmitters suggest novel mechanisms for how a disrupted tachykinin system might contribute to AN symptoms. Although TACR1 has been associated with psychiatric conditions, especially anxiety disorders, we believe this report is its first association with AN. Moreover, our human iPSC approach is a proof-of-concept that AN can be modeled in vitro with a full human genetic complement, and represents a new tool for understanding the elusive molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the disease.
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41
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Akpınar M, Lesche M, Fanourgakis G, Fu J, Anasstasiadis K, Dahl A, Jessberger R. TDRD6 mediates early steps of spliceosome maturation in primary spermatocytes. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006660. [PMID: 28263986 PMCID: PMC5358835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tudor containing protein 6 (TDRD6) is a male germ line-specific protein essential for chromatoid body (ChB) structure, elongated spermatid development and male fertility. Here we show that in meiotic prophase I spermatocytes TDRD6 interacts with the key protein arginine methyl transferase PRMT5, which supports splicing. TDRD6 also associates with spliceosomal core protein SmB in the absence of RNA and in an arginine methylation dependent manner. In Tdrd6-/- diplotene spermatocytes PRMT5 association with SmB and arginine dimethylation of SmB are much reduced. TDRD6 deficiency impairs the assembly of spliceosomes, which feature 3.5-fold increased levels of U5 snRNPs. In the nucleus, these deficiencies in spliceosome maturation correlate with decreased numbers of SMN-positive bodies and Cajal bodies involved in nuclear snRNP maturation. Transcriptome analysis of TDRD6-deficient diplotene spermatocytes revealed high numbers of splicing defects such as aberrant usage of intron and exons as well as aberrant representation of splice junctions. Together, this study demonstrates a novel function of TDRD6 in spliceosome maturation and mRNA splicing in prophase I spermatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müge Akpınar
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB 655, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Grigorios Fanourgakis
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jun Fu
- Stem Cell Engineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Dahl
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB 655, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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42
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Dash S, Siddam AD, Barnum CE, Janga SC, Lachke SA. RNA-binding proteins in eye development and disease: implication of conserved RNA granule components. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 7:527-57. [PMID: 27133484 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The molecular biology of metazoan eye development is an area of intense investigation. These efforts have led to the surprising recognition that although insect and vertebrate eyes have dramatically different structures, the orthologs or family members of several conserved transcription and signaling regulators such as Pax6, Six3, Prox1, and Bmp4 are commonly required for their development. In contrast, our understanding of posttranscriptional regulation in eye development and disease, particularly regarding the function of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), is limited. We examine the present knowledge of RBPs in eye development in the insect model Drosophila as well as several vertebrate models such as fish, frog, chicken, and mouse. Interestingly, of the 42 RBPs that have been investigated for their expression or function in vertebrate eye development, 24 (~60%) are recognized in eukaryotic cells as components of RNA granules such as processing bodies, stress granules, or other specialized ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. We discuss the distinct developmental and cellular events that may necessitate potential RBP/RNA granule-associated RNA regulon models to facilitate posttranscriptional control of gene expression in eye morphogenesis. In support of these hypotheses, three RBPs and RNP/RNA granule components Tdrd7, Caprin2, and Stau2 are linked to ocular developmental defects such as congenital cataract, Peters anomaly, and microphthalmia in human patients or animal models. We conclude by discussing the utility of interdisciplinary approaches such as the bioinformatics tool iSyTE (integrated Systems Tool for Eye gene discovery) to prioritize RBPs for deriving posttranscriptional regulatory networks in eye development and disease. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:527-557. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1355 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Dash
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Archana D Siddam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Carrie E Barnum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Sarath Chandra Janga
- Department of Biohealth Informatics, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University & Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Salil A Lachke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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43
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Qi H. RNA-binding proteins in mouse male germline stem cells: a mammalian perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5:1. [PMID: 26839690 PMCID: PMC4736624 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-015-0022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells that reside in particular types of tissues are responsible for tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Cellular functions of adult stem cells are intricately related to the gene expression programs in those cells. Past research has demonstrated that regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level can decisively alter cell fate of stem cells. However, cellular contents of mRNAs are sometimes not equivalent to proteins, the functional units of cells. It is increasingly realized that post-transcriptional and translational regulation of gene expression are also fundamental for stem cell functions. Compared to differentiated somatic cells, effects on cellular status manifested by varied expression of RNA-binding proteins and global protein synthesis have been demonstrated in several stem cell systems. Through the cooperation of both cis-elements of mRNAs and trans-acting RNA-binding proteins that are intimately associated with them, regulation of localization, stability, and translational status of mRNAs directly influences the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. Previous studies have uncovered some of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the functions of RNA-binding proteins in stem cells in invertebrate species. However, their roles in adult stem cells in mammals are just beginning to be unveiled. This review highlights some of the RNA-binding proteins that play important functions during the maintenance and differentiation of mouse male germline stem cells, the adult stem cells in the male reproductive organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530 China
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44
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Jeske M, Bordi M, Glatt S, Müller S, Rybin V, Müller CW, Ephrussi A. The Crystal Structure of the Drosophila Germline Inducer Oskar Identifies Two Domains with Distinct Vasa Helicase- and RNA-Binding Activities. Cell Rep 2015; 12:587-98. [PMID: 26190108 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In many animals, the germ plasm segregates germline from soma during early development. Oskar protein is known for its ability to induce germ plasm formation and germ cells in Drosophila. However, the molecular basis of germ plasm formation remains unclear. Here, we show that Oskar is an RNA-binding protein in vivo, crosslinking to nanos, polar granule component, and germ cell-less mRNAs, each of which has a role in germline formation. Furthermore, we present high-resolution crystal structures of the two Oskar domains. RNA-binding maps in vitro to the C-terminal domain, which shows structural similarity to SGNH hydrolases. The highly conserved N-terminal LOTUS domain forms dimers and mediates Oskar interaction with the germline-specific RNA helicase Vasa in vitro. Our findings suggest a dual function of Oskar in RNA and Vasa binding, providing molecular clues to its germ plasm function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Jeske
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matteo Bordi
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Glatt
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Müller
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Rybin
- Protein Expression and Purification Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph W Müller
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anne Ephrussi
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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45
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Wasik KA, Tam OH, Knott SR, Falciatori I, Hammell M, Vagin VV, Hannon GJ. RNF17 blocks promiscuous activity of PIWI proteins in mouse testes. Genes Dev 2015; 29:1403-15. [PMID: 26115953 PMCID: PMC4511215 DOI: 10.1101/gad.265215.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PIWI proteins and their associated piRNAs protect germ cells from the activity of mobile genetic elements. Two classes of piRNAs—primary and secondary—are defined by their mechanisms of biogenesis. Primary piRNAs are processed directly from transcripts of piRNA cluster loci, whereas secondary piRNAs are generated in an adaptive amplification loop, termed the ping-pong cycle. In mammals, piRNA populations are dynamic, shifting as male germ cells develop. Embryonic piRNAs consist of both primary and secondary species and are mainly directed toward transposons. In meiotic cells, the piRNA population is transposon-poor and largely restricted to primary piRNAs derived from pachytene piRNA clusters. The transition from the embryonic to the adult piRNA pathway is not well understood. Here we show that RNF17 shapes adult meiotic piRNA content by suppressing the production of secondary piRNAs. In the absence of RNF17, ping-pong occurs inappropriately in meiotic cells. Ping-pong initiates piRNA responses against not only transposons but also protein-coding genes and long noncoding RNAs, including genes essential for germ cell development. Thus, the sterility of Rnf17 mutants may be a manifestation of a small RNA-based autoimmune reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja A Wasik
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA
| | - Oliver H Tam
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA
| | - Simon R Knott
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA
| | - Ilaria Falciatori
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA
| | - Molly Hammell
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA
| | - Vasily V Vagin
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA
| | - Gregory J Hannon
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
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46
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Lin YT, Capel B. Cell fate commitment during mammalian sex determination. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2015; 32:144-52. [PMID: 25841206 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The gonads form bilaterally as bipotential organs that can develop as testes or ovaries. All secondary sex characteristics that we associate with 'maleness' or 'femaleness' depend on whether testes or ovaries form. The fate of the gonads depends on a cell fate decision that occurs in a somatic cell referred to as the 'supporting cell lineage'. Once supporting cell progenitors commit to Sertoli (male) or granulosa (female) fate, they propagate this decision to the other cells within the organ. In this review, we will describe what is known about the bipotential state of somatic and germ cell lineages in the gonad and the transcriptional and antagonistic signaling networks that lead to commitment, propagation, and maintenance of testis or ovary fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tzu Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Blanche Capel
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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47
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Meng X, Yang S, Zhang Y, Wang X, Goodfellow RX, Jia Y, Thiel KW, Reyes HD, Yang B, Leslie KK. Genetic Deficiency of Mtdh Gene in Mice Causes Male Infertility via Impaired Spermatogenesis and Alterations in the Expression of Small Non-coding RNAs. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11853-64. [PMID: 25787082 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.627653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of metadherin (MTDH, also known as AEG-1 and 3D3/LYRIC) has been associated with drug resistance, metastasis, and angiogenesis in a variety of cancers. However, the specific mechanisms through which MTDH is involved in these processes remain unclear. To uncover these mechanisms, we generated Mtdh knock-out mice via a targeted disruption of exon 3. Homozygous Mtdh knock-out mice are viable, but males are infertile. The homozygous male mice present with massive loss of spermatozoa as a consequence of meiotic failure. Accumulation of γ-H2AX in spermatocytes of homozygous Mtdh knock-out mice confirms an increase in unrepaired DNA breaks. We also examined expression of the DNA repair protein Rad18, which is regulated by MTDH at the post-transcriptional level. In testes from Mtdh exon 3-deficient mice, Rad18 foci were increased in the lumina of the seminiferous tubules. The Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA)-interacting protein Mili was expressed at high levels in testes from Mtdh knock-out mice. Accordingly, genome-wide small RNA deep sequencing demonstrated altered expression of piRNAs in the testes of Mtdh knock-out mice as compared with wild type mice. In addition, we observed significantly reduced expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) including miR-16 and miR-19b, which are known to be significantly reduced in the semen of infertile men. In sum, our observations indicate a crucial role for MTDH in male fertility and the DNA repair mechanisms required for normal spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbing Meng
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Shujie Yang
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Yuping Zhang
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
| | - Xinjun Wang
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
| | | | - Yichen Jia
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
| | | | - Henry D Reyes
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
| | - Baoli Yang
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
| | - Kimberly K Leslie
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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48
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Vourekas A, Zheng K, Fu Q, Maragkakis M, Alexiou P, Ma J, Pillai RS, Mourelatos Z, Wang PJ. The RNA helicase MOV10L1 binds piRNA precursors to initiate piRNA processing. Genes Dev 2015; 29:617-29. [PMID: 25762440 PMCID: PMC4378194 DOI: 10.1101/gad.254631.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Piwi-piRNA ribonucleoproteins (piRNPs) enforce retrotransposon silencing, a function critical for preserving genome integrity of germ cells. Vourekas et al. found that MOV10L1 exhibits 5? to 3? directional RNA unwinding activity in vitro and that a point mutation that abolishes this activity causes a failure in primary piRNA biogenesis in vivo. MOV10L1 selectively binds piRNA precursor transcripts and is essential for the generation of intermediate piRNA processing fragments that are subsequently loaded to Piwi proteins. Piwi–piRNA (Piwi-interacting RNA) ribonucleoproteins (piRNPs) enforce retrotransposon silencing, a function critical for preserving the genome integrity of germ cells. The molecular functions of most of the factors that have been genetically implicated in primary piRNA biogenesis are still elusive. Here we show that MOV10L1 exhibits 5′-to-3′ directional RNA-unwinding activity in vitro and that a point mutation that abolishes this activity causes a failure in primary piRNA biogenesis in vivo. We demonstrate that MOV10L1 selectively binds piRNA precursor transcripts and is essential for the generation of intermediate piRNA processing fragments that are subsequently loaded to Piwi proteins. Multiple analyses suggest an intimate coupling of piRNA precursor processing with elements of local secondary structures such as G quadruplexes. Our results support a model in which MOV10L1 RNA helicase activity promotes unwinding and funneling of the single-stranded piRNA precursor transcripts to the endonuclease that catalyzes the first cleavage step of piRNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassios Vourekas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Neuropathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Qi Fu
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Manolis Maragkakis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Neuropathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Panagiotis Alexiou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Neuropathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ramesh S Pillai
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Zissimos Mourelatos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Neuropathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - P Jeremy Wang
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
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49
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Gonad specific genes in Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar L.): characterization of tdrd7-2, dazl-2, piwil1 and tdrd1 genes. Gene 2015; 560:217-25. [PMID: 25668702 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon is a commercially important species. Understanding key processes in their life history, such as germ cell development is essential for further improvements within salmon farming. Since salmonids have undergone an additional whole genome duplication compared to many other fish species, they possess more gene paralogues. Therefore, data on gene expression and function from other species may not apply for salmon. Our aim was to study the spatial and tissue specific expression of genes known from model species to be essential for germ cell development, to identify germ cell specific factors in salmon. Based on homology with other species, selected genes were predicted in the salmon genome assembly. Gene expression was measured by PCR in a variety of juvenile salmon tissues. For genes expressed exclusively in gonads we measured the expression in the same tissues as well as in eggs, embryos and larvae by qPCR. Finally, we revealed the cellular localization of the gonad specific mRNAs by in situ hybridization (ISH). Several of the selected genes (tdrd7, cxcr4b and dazl), were found in more than one copy (indicated by a number following the gene name) in the salmon genome. Expression of tdrd7-2, dazl-2, piwil1 and tdrd1 was detected exclusively in the testis and ovary of juvenile salmon, and transcripts of tdrd7-2, dazl-2 and piwil1 were localized within male and female germ cells. While tdrd7-2, piwil1 and tdrd1 were expressed in unfertilized eggs and all embryo and larval stages measured, dazl-2 was expressed in unfertilized eggs and embryos until the onset of gastrulation. This study shows that several of the genes known from model species to be essential for germ cell development, display paralogues in salmon with dissimilar and similar expression patterns in comparison to other species. Transcripts of tdrd7-2, dazl-2, piwil1 and tdrd1 are detected exclusively in gonads of juveniles and are found among maternal RNA of eggs and subsequent embryos. This information is valuable for further studies aiming at understanding salmon germ cell development.
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50
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Da Ros M, Hirvonen N, Olotu O, Toppari J, Kotaja N. Retromer vesicles interact with RNA granules in haploid male germ cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 401:73-83. [PMID: 25486514 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Spermatozoa are produced during spermatogenesis as a result of mitotic proliferation, meiosis and cellular differentiation. Postmeiotic spermatids are exceptional cells given their haploid genome and remarkable sperm-specific structural transformations to compact and reshape the nucleus and to construct the flagellum and acrosome. These processes require delicate coordination and active communication between distinct cellular compartments. In this study, we elucidated the interplay between the haploid RNA regulation and the vesicular transport system. We identified a novel interaction between VPS26A/VPS35-containing retromer vesicles and the chromatoid body (CB), which is a large ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granule unique to haploid male germ cells. VPS26A/VPS35-positive vesicles were shown to be involved in the endosomal pathway, as well as in acrosomal formation that is dependent on the Golgi complex-derived vesicular trafficking. While the exact role of the retromer vesicles in the CB function remains unclear, our results suggest a direct functional link between vesicle transport and CB-mediated RNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Da Ros
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku FIN-20520, Finland
| | - Noora Hirvonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku FIN-20520, Finland
| | - Opeyemi Olotu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku FIN-20520, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku FIN-20520, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku FIN-20520, Finland
| | - Noora Kotaja
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku FIN-20520, Finland.
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