1
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Pera EM, Nilsson-De Moura J, Pomeshchik Y, Roybon L, Milas I. Inhibition of the serine protease HtrA1 by SerpinE2 suggests an extracellular proteolytic pathway in the control of neural crest migration. eLife 2024; 12:RP91864. [PMID: 38634469 PMCID: PMC11026092 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that SerpinE2 and the serine protease HtrA1 modulate fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in germ layer specification and head-to-tail development of Xenopus embryos. Here, we present an extracellular proteolytic mechanism involving this serpin-protease system in the developing neural crest (NC). Knockdown of SerpinE2 by injected antisense morpholino oligonucleotides did not affect the specification of NC progenitors but instead inhibited the migration of NC cells, causing defects in dorsal fin, melanocyte, and craniofacial cartilage formation. Similarly, overexpression of the HtrA1 protease impaired NC cell migration and the formation of NC-derived structures. The phenotype of SerpinE2 knockdown was overcome by concomitant downregulation of HtrA1, indicating that SerpinE2 stimulates NC migration by inhibiting endogenous HtrA1 activity. SerpinE2 binds to HtrA1, and the HtrA1 protease triggers degradation of the cell surface proteoglycan Syndecan-4 (Sdc4). Microinjection of Sdc4 mRNA partially rescued NC migration defects induced by both HtrA1 upregulation and SerpinE2 downregulation. These epistatic experiments suggest a proteolytic pathway by a double inhibition mechanism. SerpinE2 ┤HtrA1 protease ┤Syndecan-4 → NC cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar M Pera
- Vertebrate Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, University of LundLundSweden
| | - Josefine Nilsson-De Moura
- Vertebrate Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, University of LundLundSweden
| | - Yuriy Pomeshchik
- iPSC Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund Stem Cell Center, Strategic Research Area MultiPark, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Laurent Roybon
- iPSC Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund Stem Cell Center, Strategic Research Area MultiPark, Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Ivana Milas
- Vertebrate Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, University of LundLundSweden
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2
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Lu JQ, Luo ZY, Sun C, Wang SM, Sun D, Huang RJ, Yang X, Ding Y, Wang G. Baicalin administration could rescue high glucose-induced craniofacial skeleton malformation by regulating neural crest development. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1295356. [PMID: 38515837 PMCID: PMC10955141 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1295356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia in pregnancy can increase the risk of congenital disorders, but little is known about craniofacial skeleton malformation and its corresponding medication. Our study first used meta-analysis to review the previous findings. Second, baicalin, an antioxidant, was chosen to counteract high glucose-induced craniofacial skeleton malformation. Its effectiveness was then tested by exposing chicken embryos to a combination of high glucose (HG, 50 mM) and 6 μM baicalin. Third, whole-mount immunofluorescence staining and in situ hybridization revealed that baicalin administration could reverse HG-inhibited neural crest cells (NCC) delamination and migration through upregulating the expression of Pax7 and Foxd3, and mitigate the disordered epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process by regulating corresponding adhesion molecules and transcription factors (i.e., E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Cadherin 6B, Slug and Msx1). Finally, through bioinformatic analysis and cellular thermal shift assay, we identified the AKR1B1 gene as a potential target. In summary, these findings suggest that baicalin could be used as a therapeutic agent for high glucose-induced craniofacial skeleton malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyang Sun
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Miao Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dixiang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Mengyin County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Ruo-Jing Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Shrestha R, McCann T, Saravanan H, Lieberth J, Koirala P, Bloomekatz J. The myocardium utilizes a platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfra)-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade to steer toward the midline during zebrafish heart tube formation. eLife 2023; 12:e85930. [PMID: 37921445 PMCID: PMC10651176 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated cell movement is a fundamental process in organ formation. During heart development, bilateral myocardial precursors collectively move toward the midline (cardiac fusion) to form the primitive heart tube. Extrinsic influences such as the adjacent anterior endoderm are known to be required for cardiac fusion. We previously showed however, that the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfra) is also required for cardiac fusion (Bloomekatz et al., 2017). Nevertheless, an intrinsic mechanism that regulates myocardial movement has not been elucidated. Here, we show that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) intracellular signaling pathway has an essential intrinsic role in the myocardium directing movement toward the midline. In vivo imaging further reveals midline-oriented dynamic myocardial membrane protrusions that become unpolarized in PI3K-inhibited zebrafish embryos where myocardial movements are misdirected and slower. Moreover, we find that PI3K activity is dependent on and interacts with Pdgfra to regulate myocardial movement. Together our findings reveal an intrinsic myocardial steering mechanism that responds to extrinsic cues during the initiation of cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabina Shrestha
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Tess McCann
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Harini Saravanan
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Jaret Lieberth
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Prashanna Koirala
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Joshua Bloomekatz
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
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4
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Wang J, Zhi Z, Ding J, Jia N, Hu Y, Cai J, Li H, Tang J, Tang W, Mao X. Suppression of PGE2/EP2 signaling alleviates Hirschsprung disease by upregulating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1125-1139. [PMID: 37522903 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital disorder caused by the failure of enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) to colonize the distal bowel, resulting in absence of enteric nervous system. While a range of molecules and signaling pathways have been found to contribute to HSCR development, the risk factors and pathogenesis of this disease in many patients remain unknown. We previously demonstrated that increased activity of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)/PGE2 receptor subtype EP2 pathway can be a risk factor for HSCR. In this study, an Ednrb-deficient mouse model of HSCR was generated and used to investigate if PGE2/EP2 pathway could be a potential therapeutic target for HSCR. We found that downregulation of PGE2/EP2 signaling by siRNA-mediated ablation of a PGE2 synthase or pharmacologic blockage of EP2 enhanced ENCC colonization in the distal bowel of Ednrb-/- mice and alleviated their HSCR-like symptoms. Furthermore, blockage of EP2 was shown to promote ENCC migration through upregulating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, which was downregulated in the colon of Ednrb-/- mice and in the distal aganglionic bowel of HSCR patients. These data provide evidence that maternal exposure during embryonic development to an environment with dysregulated activation of the PGE2/EP2 pathway may predispose genetically susceptible offspring to HSCR, and avoidance or early disruption of maternal events (e.g. inflammation) that possibly enhance PGE2/EP2 signaling during pregnancy would reduce the occurrence and severity of this disease. KEY MESSAGES : Knockdown of PTGES alleviates HSCR severity in Ednrb-/- mice. Blockage of EP2-mediated PGE2 signaling alleviates HSCR severity in Ednrb-/- mice. Blockage of EP2-mediated PGE2 signaling promotes ENCC migration via enhancing p38 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Zhengke Zhi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Childrens Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Na Jia
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Yuqing Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Jiali Cai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Hongxing Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Childrens Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Childrens Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Weibing Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Childrens Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Xiaohua Mao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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5
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De Bono C, Liu Y, Ferrena A, Valentine A, Zheng D, Morrow BE. Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers a non-autonomous Tbx1-dependent genetic program controlling cardiac neural crest cell development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1551. [PMID: 36941249 PMCID: PMC10027855 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs) results in congenital heart disease, yet we do not understand the cell fate dynamics as these cells differentiate to vascular smooth muscle cells. Here we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of NCCs from the pharyngeal apparatus with the heart in control mouse embryos and when Tbx1, the gene for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, is inactivated. We uncover three dynamic transitions of pharyngeal NCCs expressing Tbx2 and Tbx3 through differentiated CNCCs expressing cardiac transcription factors with smooth muscle genes. These transitions are altered non-autonomously by loss of Tbx1. Further, inactivation of Tbx2 and Tbx3 in early CNCCs results in aortic arch branching defects due to failed smooth muscle differentiation. Loss of Tbx1 interrupts mesoderm to CNCC cell-cell communication with upregulation and premature activation of BMP signaling and reduced MAPK signaling, as well as alteration of other signaling, and failed dynamic transitions of CNCCs leading to disruption of aortic arch artery formation and cardiac outflow tract septation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher De Bono
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Ferrena
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aneesa Valentine
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bernice E Morrow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology; and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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6
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Shrestha R, McCann T, Saravanan H, Lieberth J, Koirala P, Bloomekatz J. The myocardium utilizes Pdgfra-PI3K signaling to steer towards the midline during heart tube formation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.03.522612. [PMID: 36712046 PMCID: PMC9881939 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.522612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated cell movement is a fundamental process in organ formation. During heart development, bilateral myocardial precursors collectively move towards the midline (cardiac fusion) to form the primitive heart tube. Along with extrinsic influences such as the adjacent anterior endoderm which are known to be required for cardiac fusion, we previously showed that the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfra) is also required. However, an intrinsic mechanism that regulates myocardial movement remains to be elucidated. Here, we uncover an essential intrinsic role in the myocardium for the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) intracellular signaling pathway in directing myocardial movement towards the midline. In vivo imaging reveals that in PI3K-inhibited zebrafish embryos myocardial movements are misdirected and slower, while midline-oriented dynamic myocardial membrane protrusions become unpolarized. Moreover, PI3K activity is dependent on and genetically interacts with Pdgfra to regulate myocardial movement. Together our findings reveal an intrinsic myocardial steering mechanism that responds to extrinsic cues during the initiation of cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabina Shrestha
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Tess McCann
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Harini Saravanan
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Jaret Lieberth
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Prashanna Koirala
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Joshua Bloomekatz
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
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7
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Lania G, Franzese M, Noritaka A, Bilio M, Flore G, Russo A, D'Agostino E, Angelini C, Kelly RG, Baldini A. A phenotypic rescue approach identifies lineage regionalization defects in a mouse model of DiGeorge syndrome. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:276264. [PMID: 35946435 PMCID: PMC9555768 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TBX1 is a key regulator of pharyngeal apparatus (PhAp) development. Vitamin B12 (vB12) treatment partially rescues aortic arch patterning defects of Tbx1+/− embryos. Here, we show that it also improves cardiac outflow tract septation and branchiomeric muscle anomalies of Tbx1 hypomorphic mutants. At the molecular level, in vivo vB12 treatment enabled us to identify genes that were dysregulated by Tbx1 haploinsufficiency and rescued by treatment. We found that SNAI2, also known as SLUG, encoded by the rescued gene Snai2, identified a population of mesodermal cells that was partially overlapping with, but distinct from, ISL1+ and TBX1+ populations. In addition, SNAI2+ cells were mislocalized and had a greater tendency to aggregate in Tbx1+/− and Tbx1−/− embryos, and vB12 treatment restored cellular distribution. Adjacent neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells, which do not express TBX1, were also affected, showing enhanced segregation from cardiopharyngeal mesodermal cells. We propose that TBX1 regulates cell distribution in the core mesoderm and the arrangement of multiple lineages within the PhAp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Lania
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Franzese
- Istituto per le Applicazione del Calcolo, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Adachi Noritaka
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Marchesa Bilio
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Gemma Flore
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Annalaura Russo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Erika D'Agostino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Angelini
- Istituto per le Applicazione del Calcolo, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Antonio Baldini
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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8
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Cellular plasticity in the neural crest and cancer. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 75:101928. [PMID: 35749971 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, neural crest cells (NCCs) are a multipotent embryonic population generating both neural/neuronal and mesenchymal derivatives, and thus the neural crest (NC) is often referred to as the fourth germ layer. NC development is a dynamic process, where NCCs possess substantial plasticity in transcriptional and epigenomic profiles. Recent technical advances in single-cell and low-input sequencing have empowered fine-resolution characterisation of NC development. In this review, we summarise the latest models underlying NC-plasticity acquirement and cell-fate restriction, outline the connections between NC plasticity and NC-derived cancer and envision the new opportunities in studying NC plasticity and its link to cancer.
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9
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases top the list of fatal illnesses worldwide. Cardiac tissues is known to be one of te least proliferative in the human body, with very limited regenraive capacity. Stem cell therapy has shown great potential for treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the experimental setting, but success in human trials has been limited. Applications of stem cell therapy for cardiovascular regeneration necessitate understamding of the complex and unique structure of the heart unit, and the embryologic development of the heart muscles and vessels. This chapter aims to provide an insight into cardiac progenitor cells and their potential applications in regenerative medicine. It also provides an overview of the embryological development of cardiac tissue, and the major findings on the development of cardiac stem cells, their characterization, and differentiation, and their regenerative potential. It concludes with clinical applications in treating cardiac disease using different approaches, and concludes with areas for future research.
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10
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Clonal analysis and dynamic imaging identify multipotency of individual Gallus gallus caudal hindbrain neural crest cells toward cardiac and enteric fates. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1894. [PMID: 33767165 PMCID: PMC7994390 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest stem cells arising from caudal hindbrain (often called cardiac and posterior vagal neural crest) migrate long distances to form cell types as diverse as heart muscle and enteric ganglia, abnormalities of which lead to common congenital birth defects. Here, we explore whether individual caudal hindbrain neural crest precursors are multipotent or predetermined toward these particular fates and destinations. To this end, we perform lineage tracing of chick neural crest cells at single-cell resolution using two complementary approaches: retrovirally mediated multiplex clonal analysis and single-cell photoconversion. Both methods show that the majority of these neural crest precursors are multipotent with many clones producing mesenchymal as well as neuronal derivatives. Time-lapse imaging demonstrates that sister cells can migrate in distinct directions, suggesting stochasticity in choice of migration path. Perturbation experiments further identify guidance cues acting on cells in the pharyngeal junction that can influence this choice; loss of CXCR4 signaling results in failure to migrate to the heart but no influence on migration toward the foregut, whereas loss of RET signaling does the opposite. Taken together, the results suggest that environmental influences rather than intrinsic information govern cell fate choice of multipotent caudal hindbrain neural crest cells. Neural crest stem cells formed from the caudal hindbrain migrate long distances to the heart and gut, but how cell fate is determined is unclear. Here, the authors use multiplex clonal analysis and single-cell photoconversion lineage tracing to show environmental not intrinsic factors affect the cell fate of multipotent caudal hindbrain cells in the chick.
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11
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Kulesa PM, Kasemeier-Kulesa JC, Morrison JA, McLennan R, McKinney MC, Bailey C. Modelling Cell Invasion: A Review of What JD Murray and the Embryo Can Teach Us. Bull Math Biol 2021; 83:26. [PMID: 33594536 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-021-00859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell invasion and cell plasticity are critical to human development but are also striking features of cancer metastasis. By distributing a multipotent cell type from a place of birth to distal locations, the vertebrate embryo builds organs. In comparison, metastatic tumor cells often acquire a de-differentiated phenotype and migrate away from a primary site to inhabit new microenvironments, disrupting normal organ function. Countless observations of both embryonic cell migration and tumor metastasis have demonstrated complex cell signaling and interactive behaviors that have long confounded scientist and clinician alike. James D. Murray realized the important role of mathematics in biology and developed a unique strategy to address complex biological questions such as these. His work offers a practical template for constructing clear, logical, direct and verifiable models that help to explain complex cell behaviors and direct new experiments. His pioneering work at the interface of development and cancer made significant contributions to glioblastoma cancer and embryonic pattern formation using often simple models with tremendous predictive potential. Here, we provide a brief overview of advances in cell invasion and cell plasticity using the embryonic neural crest and its ancestral relationship to aggressive cancers that put into current context the timeless aspects of his work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Kulesa
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| | | | - Jason A Morrison
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Rebecca McLennan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | | | - Caleb Bailey
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University-Idaho, Rexburg, ID, 83460, USA
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12
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Tian A, Wang S, Wang H, Li N, Liu H, Zhou H, Chen X, Liu X, Deng J, Xiao J, Liu C. Over-expression of Fgf8 in cardiac neural crest cells leads to persistent truncus arteriosus. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:351-361. [PMID: 33547543 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09956-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During cardiogenesis, the outflow tract undergoes a complicated morphogenesis, including the re-alignment of the great blood vessels, and the separation of aorta and pulmonary trunk. The deficiency of FGF8 in the morphogenesis of outflow tract has been well studied, however, the effect of over-dosed FGF8 on the development of outflow tract remains unknown. In this study, Rosa26R-Fgf8 knock-in allele was constitutively activated by Wnt1-cre transgene in the mouse neural crest cells presumptive for the endocardial cushion of outflow tract. Surprisingly, Wnt1-cre; Rosa26R-Fgf8 mouse embryos exhibited persistent truncus arteriosus and died prior to E15.5. The cardiac neural crest cells in Wnt1-cre; Rosa26R-Fgf8 truncus arteriosus did not degenerate as in WT controls, but proliferated into a thickened endocardial cushion and then, blocked the blood outflow from cardiac chambers into the lungs, which resulted in the embryonic lethality. Although the spiral aorticopulmonary septum failed to form, the differentiaion of the endothelium and smooth muscle in the Wnt1-cre; Rosa26R-Fgf8 truncus arteriosus were impacted little. However, lineage tracing assay showed that the neural crest derived cells aggregated in the cushion layer, but failed to differentiate into the endothelium of Wnt1-cre; Rosa26R-Fgf8 truncus arteriosus. Further investigation displayed the reduced p-Akt and p-Erk immunostaining, and the decreased Bmp2 and Bmp4 transcription in the endothelium of Wnt1-cre; Rosa26R-Fgf8 truncus arteriosus. Our findings suggested that Fgf8 over-expression in cardiac neural crest impaired the formation of aorticopulmonary septum by suppressing the endothelial differentiation and stimulating the proliferation of endocardial cushion cells, which implicated a novel etiology of persistent truncus arteriosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijuan Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The 2nd Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shangqi Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Haoru Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.,Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hailing Zhou
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xuena Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The 2nd Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiamin Deng
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China. .,Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China. .,Dalian Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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13
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Abstract
Cardiac neural crest (CNC) cells are pluripotent cells derived from the dorsal neural tube that migrate and contribute to the remodeling of pharyngeal arch arteries and septation of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT). Numerous molecular cascades regulate the induction, specification, delamination, and migration of the CNC. Extensive analyses of the CNC ranging from chick ablation models to molecular biology studies have explored the mechanisms of heart development and disease, particularly involving the OFT and aortic arch (AA) system. Recent studies focus more on reciprocal signaling between the CNC and cells originated from the second heart field (SHF), which are essential for the development of the OFT myocardium, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying congenital heart diseases (CHDs) and some human syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamagishi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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14
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Albert-Gascó H, Ros-Bernal F, Castillo-Gómez E, Olucha-Bordonau FE. MAP/ERK Signaling in Developing Cognitive and Emotional Function and Its Effect on Pathological and Neurodegenerative Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4471. [PMID: 32586047 PMCID: PMC7352860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathway of the microtubule-associated protein kinase or extracellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) is a common mechanism of extracellular information transduction from extracellular stimuli to the intracellular space. The transduction of information leads to changes in the ongoing metabolic pathways and the modification of gene expression patterns. In the central nervous system, ERK is expressed ubiquitously, both temporally and spatially. As for the temporal ubiquity, this signaling system participates in three key moments: (i) Embryonic development; (ii) the early postnatal period; and iii) adulthood. During embryonic development, the system is partly responsible for the patterning of segmentation in the encephalic vesicle through the FGF8-ERK pathway. In addition, during this period, ERK directs neurogenesis migration and the final fate of neural progenitors. During the early postnatal period, ERK participates in the maturation process of dendritic trees and synaptogenesis. During adulthood, ERK participates in social and emotional behavior and memory processes, including long-term potentiation. Alterations in mechanisms related to ERK are associated with different pathological outcomes. Genetic alterations in any component of the ERK pathway result in pathologies associated with neural crest derivatives and mental dysfunctions associated with autism spectrum disorders. The MAP-ERK pathway is a key element of the neuroinflammatory pathway triggered by glial cells during the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as prionic diseases. The process triggered by MAPK/ERK activation depends on the stage of development (mature or senescence), the type of cellular element in which the pathway is activated, and the anatomic neural structure. However, extensive gaps exist with regards to the targets of the phosphorylated ERK in many of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Albert-Gascó
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK;
| | - Francisco Ros-Bernal
- U.P Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (F.R.-B.); (E.C.-G.)
| | - Esther Castillo-Gómez
- U.P Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (F.R.-B.); (E.C.-G.)
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco E. Olucha-Bordonau
- U.P Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (F.R.-B.); (E.C.-G.)
- Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Dunkel H, Chaverra M, Bradley R, Lefcort F. FGF
signaling is required for chemokinesis and ventral migration of trunk neural crest cells. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:1077-1097. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haley Dunkel
- Department of Cell Biology and NeuroscienceMontana State University Bozeman Montana USA
| | - Martha Chaverra
- Department of Cell Biology and NeuroscienceMontana State University Bozeman Montana USA
| | - Roger Bradley
- Department of Cell Biology and NeuroscienceMontana State University Bozeman Montana USA
| | - Frances Lefcort
- Department of Cell Biology and NeuroscienceMontana State University Bozeman Montana USA
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16
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Yang S, Weske A, Du Y, Valera JM, Jones KL, Johnson AN. FGF signaling directs myotube guidance by regulating Rac activity. Development 2020; 147:dev.183624. [PMID: 31932350 DOI: 10.1242/dev.183624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nascent myotubes undergo a dramatic morphological transformation during myogenesis, in which the myotubes elongate over several cell diameters and are directed to the correct muscle attachment sites. Although this process of myotube guidance is essential to pattern the musculoskeletal system, the mechanisms that control myotube guidance remain poorly understood. Using transcriptomics, we found that components of the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling pathway were enriched in nascent myotubes in Drosophila embryos. Null mutations in the FGF receptor heartless (htl), or its ligands, caused significant myotube guidance defects. The FGF ligand Pyramus is expressed broadly in the ectoderm, and ectopic Pyramus expression disrupted muscle patterning. Mechanistically, Htl regulates the activity of Rho/Rac GTPases in nascent myotubes and effects changes in the actin cytoskeleton. FGF signals are thus essential regulators of myotube guidance that act through cytoskeletal regulatory proteins to pattern the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Allison Weske
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yingqiu Du
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Juliana M Valera
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Aaron N Johnson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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17
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Giniūnaitė R, McLennan R, McKinney MC, Baker RE, Kulesa PM, Maini PK. An interdisciplinary approach to investigate collective cell migration in neural crest. Dev Dyn 2019; 249:270-280. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rasa Giniūnaitė
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical InstituteUniversity of Oxford Oxford UK
| | | | | | - Ruth E Baker
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical InstituteUniversity of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Paul M Kulesa
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research Kansas City Missouri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUniversity of Kansas School of Medicine Kansas City Kansas
| | - Philip K Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical InstituteUniversity of Oxford Oxford UK
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18
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Abstract
Neural crest cells are a transient embryonic cell population that migrate collectively to various locations throughout the embryo to contribute a number of cell types to several organs. After induction, the neural crest delaminates and undergoes an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition before migrating through intricate yet characteristic paths. The neural crest exhibits a variety of migratory behaviors ranging from sheet-like mass migration in the cephalic regions to chain migration in the trunk. During their journey, neural crest cells rely on a range of signals both from their environment and within the migrating population for navigating through the embryo as a collective. Here we review these interactions and mechanisms, including chemotactic cues of neural crest cells' migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Szabó
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
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19
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Cdc42 activation by endothelin regulates neural crest cell migration in the cardiac outflow tract. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:795-812. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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20
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Lasser M, Pratt B, Monahan C, Kim SW, Lowery LA. The Many Faces of Xenopus: Xenopus laevis as a Model System to Study Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome. Front Physiol 2019; 10:817. [PMID: 31297068 PMCID: PMC6607408 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a rare developmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability and various physical malformations including craniofacial, skeletal, and cardiac defects. These phenotypes, as they involve structures that are derived from the cranial neural crest, suggest that WHS may be associated with abnormalities in neural crest cell (NCC) migration. This syndrome is linked with assorted mutations on the short arm of chromosome 4, most notably the microdeletion of a critical genomic region containing several candidate genes. However, the function of these genes during embryonic development, as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the disorder, are still unknown. The model organism Xenopus laevis offers a number of advantages for studying WHS. With the Xenopus genome sequenced, genetic manipulation strategies can be readily designed in order to alter the dosage of the WHS candidate genes. Moreover, a variety of assays are available for use in Xenopus to examine how manipulation of WHS genes leads to changes in the development of tissue and organ systems affected in WHS. In this review article, we highlight the benefits of using X. laevis as a model system for studying human genetic disorders of development, with a focus on WHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Lasser
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin Pratt
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Connor Monahan
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Seung Woo Kim
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Laura Anne Lowery
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
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21
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Nerurkar NL, Lee C, Mahadevan L, Tabin CJ. Molecular control of macroscopic forces drives formation of the vertebrate hindgut. Nature 2019; 565:480-484. [PMID: 30651642 PMCID: PMC6397660 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandan L Nerurkar
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - ChangHee Lee
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Mahadevan
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clifford J Tabin
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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22
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Serrano F, Bernard WG, Granata A, Iyer D, Steventon B, Kim M, Vallier L, Gambardella L, Sinha S. A Novel Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Crest Model of Treacher Collins Syndrome Shows Defects in Cell Death and Migration. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:81-100. [PMID: 30375284 PMCID: PMC6350417 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a transient multipotent cell population present during embryonic development. The NC can give rise to multiple cell types and is involved in a number of different diseases. Therefore, the development of new strategies to model NC in vitro enables investigations into the mechanisms involved in NC development and disease. In this study, we report a simple and efficient protocol to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (HPSC) into NC using a chemically defined media, with basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and the transforming growth factor-β inhibitor SB-431542. The cell population generated expresses a range of NC markers, including P75, TWIST1, SOX10, and TFAP2A. NC purification was achieved in vitro through serial passaging of the population, recreating the developmental stages of NC differentiation. The generated NC cells are highly proliferative, capable of differentiating to their derivatives in vitro and engraft in vivo to NC specific locations. In addition, these cells could be frozen for storage and thawed with no loss of NC properties, nor the ability to generate cellular derivatives. We assessed the potential of the derived NC population to model the neurocristopathy, Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS), using small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of TCOF1 and by creating different TCOF1+/- HPSC lines through CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The NC cells derived from TCOF1+/- HPSC recapitulate the phenotype of the reported TCS murine model. We also report for the first time an impairment of migration in TCOF1+/- NC and mesenchymal stem cells. In conclusion, the developed protocol permits the generation of the large number of NC cells required for developmental studies, disease modeling, and for drug discovery platforms in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Serrano
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William George Bernard
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Granata
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dharini Iyer
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Steventon
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Kim
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laure Gambardella
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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23
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Role of FGF signalling in neural crest cell migration during early chick embryo development. ZYGOTE 2018; 26:457-464. [DOI: 10.1017/s096719941800045x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SummaryFibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling acts as one of modulators that control neural crest cell (NCC) migration, but how this is achieved is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of FGF signalling on NCC migration by blocking this process. Constructs that were capable of inducing Sprouty2 (Spry2) or dominant-negative FGFR1 (Dn-FGFR1) expression were transfected into the cells making up the neural tubes. Our results revealed that blocking FGF signalling at stage HH10 (neurulation stage) could enhance NCC migration at both the cranial and trunk levels in the developing embryos. It was established that FGF-mediated NCC migration was not due to altering the expression of N-cadherin in the neural tube. Instead, we determined that cyclin D1 was overexpressed in the cranial and trunk levels when Sprouty2 was upregulated in the dorsal neural tube. These results imply that the cell cycle was a target of FGF signalling through which it regulates NCC migration at the neurulation stage.
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24
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Dinsmore CJ, Soriano P. MAPK and PI3K signaling: At the crossroads of neural crest development. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S79-S97. [PMID: 29453943 PMCID: PMC6092260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated growth factor signaling is essential for proper formation and development of the neural crest. The many ligands and receptors implicated in these processes signal through relatively few downstream pathways, frequently converging on the MAPK and PI3K pathways. Despite decades of study, there is still considerable uncertainty about where and when these signaling pathways are required and how they elicit particular responses. This review summarizes our current understanding of growth factor-induced MAPK and PI3K signaling in the neural crest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Dinsmore
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Philippe Soriano
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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25
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Left/right asymmetric collective migration of parapineal cells is mediated by focal FGF signaling activity in leading cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9812-E9821. [PMID: 30282743 PMCID: PMC6196547 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812016115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to collectively interpret surrounding environmental signals underpins their capacity to coordinate their migration in various contexts, including embryonic development and cancer metastasis. One tractable model for studying collective migration is the parapineal, a left-sided group of neurons that arises from bilaterally positioned precursors that undergo a collective migration to the left side of the brain. In zebrafish, the migration of these cells requires Fgf8 and, in this study, we resolve how FGF signaling correlates with-and impacts the migratory dynamics of-the parapineal cell collective. The temporal and spatial dynamics of an FGF reporter transgene reveal that FGF signaling is activated in only few parapineal cells usually located at the leading edge of the parapineal during its migration. Overexpressing a constitutively active Fgf receptor compromises parapineal migration in wild-type embryos, while it partially restores both parapineal migration and mosaic expression of the FGF reporter transgene in fgf8 -/- mutant embryos. Focal activation of FGF signaling in few parapineal cells is sufficient to promote the migration of the whole parapineal collective. Finally, we show that asymmetric Nodal signaling contributes to the restriction and leftwards bias of FGF pathway activation. Our data indicate that the first overt morphological asymmetry in the zebrafish brain is promoted by FGF pathway activation in cells that lead the collective migration of the parapineal to the left. This study shows that cell-state differences in FGF signaling in front versus rear cells is required to promote migration in a model of FGF-dependent collective migration.
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26
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TBC1d24-ephrinB2 interaction regulates contact inhibition of locomotion in neural crest cell migration. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3491. [PMID: 30154457 PMCID: PMC6113226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Eph-ephrin signalling has been implicated in the migration of cranial neural crest (CNC) cells, it is still unclear how ephrinB transduces signals regulating this event. We provide evidence that TBC1d24, a putative Rab35-GTPase activating protein (Rab35 GAP), complexes with ephrinB2 via the scaffold Dishevelled (Dsh) and mediates a signal affecting contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL) in CNC cells. Moreover, we found that, in migrating CNC, the interaction between ephrinB2 and TBC1d24 negatively regulates E-cadherin recycling in these cells via Rab35. Upon engagement of the cognate Eph receptor, ephrinB2 is tyrosine phosphorylated, which disrupts the ephrinB2/Dsh/TBC1d24 complex. The dissolution of this complex leads to increasing E-cadherin levels at the plasma membrane, resulting in loss of CIL and disrupted CNC migration. Our results indicate that TBC1d24 is a critical player in ephrinB2 control of CNC cell migration via CIL.
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27
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Dyson L, Holmes A, Li A, Kulesa PM. A chemotactic model of trunk neural crest cell migration. Genesis 2018; 56:e23239. [PMID: 30133140 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Trunk neural crest cells follow a common ventral migratory pathway but are distributed into two distinct locations to form discrete sympathetic and dorsal root ganglia along the vertebrate axis. Although fluorescent cell labeling and time-lapse studies have recorded complex trunk neural crest cell migratory behaviors, the signals that underlie this dynamic patterning remain unclear. The absence of molecular information has led to a number of mechanistic hypotheses for trunk neural crest cell migration. Here, we review recent data in support of three distinct mechanisms of trunk neural crest cell migration and develop and simulate a computational model based on chemotactic signaling. We show that by integrating the timing and spatial location of multiple chemotactic signals, trunk neural crest cells may be accurately positioned into two distinct targets that correspond to the sympathetic and dorsal root ganglia. In doing so, we honor the contributions of Wilhelm His to his identification of the neural crest and extend the observations of His and others to better understand a complex question in neural crest cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Dyson
- Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom, CV4 7AL.,School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, CV4 7AL
| | - Alexander Holmes
- Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom, CV4 7AL
| | - Ang Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Paul M Kulesa
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas
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28
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Gouignard N, Andrieu C, Theveneau E. Neural crest delamination and migration: Looking forward to the next 150 years. Genesis 2018; 56:e23107. [PMID: 29675839 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) cells were described for the first time in 1868 by Wilhelm His. Since then, this amazing population of migratory stem cells has been intensively studied. It took a century to fully unravel their incredible abilities to contribute to nearly every organ of the body. Yet, our understanding of the cell and molecular mechanisms controlling their migration is far from complete. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and collective behavior of NC cells and propose further stops at which the NC train might be calling in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Gouignard
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Cyril Andrieu
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Eric Theveneau
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
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29
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De Bellard ME, Ortega B, Sao S, Kim L, Herman J, Zuhdi N. Neuregulin-1 is a chemoattractant and chemokinetic molecule for trunk neural crest cells. Dev Dyn 2018. [PMID: 29516589 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trunk neural crest cells migrate rapidly along characteristic pathways within the developing vertebrate embryo. Proper trunk neural crest cell migration is necessary for the morphogenesis of much of the peripheral nervous system, melanocytes, and the adrenal medulla. Numerous molecules help guide trunk neural crest cell migration throughout the early embryo. RESULTS The trophic factor NRG1 is a chemoattractant through in vitro chemotaxis assays and in vivo silencing via a DN-erbB receptor. Interestingly, we also observed changes in migratory responses consistent with a chemokinetic effect of NRG1 in trunk neural crest velocity. CONCLUSIONS NRG1 is a trunk neural crest cell chemoattractant and chemokinetic molecule. Developmental Dynamics 247:888-902, 2018.. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blanca Ortega
- Biology Department, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California
| | - Sothy Sao
- Biology Department, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California
| | - Lino Kim
- Biology Department, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California
| | - Joshua Herman
- Biology Department, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California
| | - Nora Zuhdi
- Biology Department, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California
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30
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Kameda Y. Morphological and molecular evolution of the ultimobranchial gland of nonmammalian vertebrates, with special reference to the chicken C cells. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:719-739. [PMID: 28608500 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current understanding of the nonmammalian ultimobranchial gland from morphological and molecular perspectives. Ultimobranchial anlage of all animal species develops from the last pharyngeal pouch. The genes involved in the development of pharyngeal pouches are well conserved across vertebrates. The ultimobranchial anlage of nonmammalian vertebrates and monotremes does not merge with the thyroid, remaining as an independent organ throughout adulthood. Although C cells of all animal species secrete calcitonin, the shape, cellular components and location of the ultimobranchial gland vary from species to species. Avian ultimobranchial gland is unique in several phylogenic aspects; the organ is located between the vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves at the upper thorax and is densely innervated by branches emanating from them. In chick embryos, TuJ1-, HNK-1-, and PGP 9.5-immunoreactive cells that originate from the distal vagal (nodose) ganglion, colonize the ultimobranchial anlage and differentiate into C cells; neuronal cells give rise to C cells. Like C cells of mammals, the cells of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and also a subset of C cells of birds, appear to be derived from the endodermal epithelium forming ultimobranchial anlage. Thus, the avian ultimobranchial C cells may have dual origins, neural progenitors and endodermal epithelium. Developmental Dynamics 246:719-739, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Kameda
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Regulation of Sema3c and the Interaction between Cardiac Neural Crest and Second Heart Field during Outflow Tract Development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6771. [PMID: 28754980 PMCID: PMC5533775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac neural crest cells (cNCCs) and the second heart field (SHF) play key roles in development of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT) for establishment of completely separated pulmonary and systemic circulations in vertebrates. A neurovascular guiding factor, Semaphorin 3c (Sema3c), is required for the development of the OFT, however, its regulation of the interaction between cNCCs and SHF remains to be determined. Here, we show that a Sema3c is a candidate that mediates interaction between cNCCs and the SHF during development of the OFT. Foxc1/c2 directly activates the transcription of Sema3c in the OFT, whereas, a hypomorph of Tbx1, a key SHF transcription factor, resulted in the ectopic expression of Sema3c in the pharyngeal arch region. Fgf8, a downstream secreted factor of Tbx1, inhibited the expression of Sema3c in cNCCs via activation of ERK1/2 signaling. Blocking of FGF8 caused ectopic expression of SEMA3C and a migration defect of cNCCs, resulting in abnormal chick pharyngeal arch development. These results suggest that proper spatio-temporal expression of Sema3c, regulated positively by Foxc1/c2 and negatively by the Tbx1-Fgf8 cascade, respectively, is essential for the interaction between cNCCs and the SHF that correctly navigates cNCCs towards the OFT, composed of SHF-derived cells.
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Rutherford EL, Lowery LA. Exploring the developmental mechanisms underlying Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome: Evidence for defects in neural crest cell migration. Dev Biol 2016; 420:1-10. [PMID: 27777068 PMCID: PMC5193094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome (WHS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by mental retardation, craniofacial malformation, and defects in skeletal and heart development. The syndrome is associated with irregularities on the short arm of chromosome 4, including deletions of varying sizes and microduplications. Many of these genotypic aberrations in humans have been correlated with the classic WHS phenotype, and animal models have provided a context for mapping these genetic irregularities to specific phenotypes; however, there remains a significant knowledge gap concerning the cell biological mechanisms underlying these phenotypes. This review summarizes literature that has made recent contributions to this topic, drawing from the vast body of knowledge detailing the genetic particularities of the disorder and the more limited pool of information on its cell biology. Finally, we propose a novel characterization for WHS as a pathophysiology owing in part to defects in neural crest cell motility and migration during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Rutherford
- Boston College, Department of Biology, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States
| | - Laura Anne Lowery
- Boston College, Department of Biology, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States.
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Fresco VM, Kern CB, Mohammadi M, Twal WO. Fibulin-1 Binds to Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 with High Affinity: EFFECTS ON EMBRYO SURVIVAL. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18730-9. [PMID: 27402846 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.702761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibulin-1 (FBLN1) is a member of a growing family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins that includes eight members and is involved in cellular functions such as adhesion, migration, and differentiation. FBLN1 has also been implicated in embryonic heart and valve development and in the formation of neural crest-derived structures, including aortic arch, thymus, and cranial nerves. Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) is a member of a large family of growth factors, and its functions include neural crest cell (NCC) maintenance, specifically NCC migration as well as patterning of structures formed from NCC such as outflow tract and cranial nerves. In this report, we sought to investigate whether FBLN1 and FGF8 have cooperative roles in vivo given their influence on the development of the same NCC-derived structures. Surface plasmon resonance binding data showed that FBLN1 binds tightly to FGF8 and prevents its enzymatic degradation by ADAM17. Moreover, overexpression of FBLN1 up-regulates FGF8 gene expression, and down-regulation of FBLN1 by siRNA inhibits FGF8 expression. The generation of a double mutant Fbln1 and Fgf8 mice (Fbln1(-/-) and Fgf8(-/-)) showed that haplo-insufficiency (Fbln1(+/-) and Fgf8(+/-)) resulted in increased embryonic mortality compared with single heterozygote crosses. The mortality of the FGF8/Fbln1 double heterozygote embryos occurred between 14.5 and 16.5 days post-coitus. In conclusion, FBLN1/FGF8 interaction plays a role in survival of vertebrate embryos, and reduced levels of both proteins resulted in added mortality in utero The FBLN1/FGF8 interaction may also be involved in the survival of neural crest cell population during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Fresco
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425 and
| | - Christine B Kern
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425 and
| | - Moosa Mohammadi
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Waleed O Twal
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425 and
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Chemotaxis during neural crest migration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 55:111-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Duband JL, Escot S, Fournier-Thibault C. SDF1-CXCR4 signaling: A new player involved in DiGeorge/22q11-deletion syndrome. Rare Dis 2016; 4:e1195050. [PMID: 27500073 PMCID: PMC4961262 DOI: 10.1080/21675511.2016.1195050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The DiGeorge/22q11-deletion syndrome (22q11DS), also known as velocardiofacial syndrome, is a congenital disease causing numerous structural and behavioral disorders, including cardiac outflow tract anomalies, craniofacial dysmorphogenesis, parathyroid and thymus hypoplasia, and mental disorders. It results from a unique chromosomal microdeletion on the 22q11.2 region in which the transcriptional activator TBX1 is decisive for the occurrence of the disease. During embryogenesis, Tbx1 is required for patterning of pharyngeal region giving rise to structures of the face, neck and chest. Genetic and developmental studies demonstrated that the severity and variability of the syndrome are determined by Tbx1 targets involved in pharyngeal neural crest cell migration and survival. Recently, we demonstrated that the chemokine Sdf1/Cxcl12 and its receptor Cxcr4 are genetically downstream of Tbx1 during pharyngeal development and that reduction of CXCR4 signaling results in defects which recapitulate the major morphological anomalies of 22q11DS, supporting the possibility of a pivotal role for the SDF1/CXCR4 axis in its etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Loup Duband
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955 , Créteil, France
| | - Sophie Escot
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France; CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
| | - Claire Fournier-Thibault
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France; CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris, France
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36
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Fast calcium wave inhibits excessive apoptosis during epithelial wound healing. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:343-56. [PMID: 26987821 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Successful wound closure is mainly the result of two cellular processes: migration and proliferation. Apoptosis has also been suggested to play a role in the mechanisms of wound healing. The fast calcium wave (FCW), triggered immediately after a wound is produced, has been proposed to be involved in determining healing responses in epithelia. We have explored the effects of the reversible inhibition of FCW on the apoptotic and proliferative responses of healing bovine corneal endothelial (BCE) cells in culture. The most important findings of this study are that caspase-dependent apoptosis occurs during the healing process, that the amount of apoptosis has a linear dependence on the migrated distance, and that FCW inhibition greatly increases the apoptotic index. We have further been able to establish that FCW plays a role in the control of cell proliferation during BCE wound healing. These results indicate that one of the main roles of the wave is to inhibit an excessive apoptotic response of the healing migrating cells. This property might represent a basic mechanism to allow sufficient migration and proliferation of the healing cells to assure proper restitution of the injured tissue.
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Abstract
The developmental mechanisms that control head muscle formation are distinct from those that operate in the trunk. Head and neck muscles derive from various mesoderm populations in the embryo and are regulated by distinct transcription factors and signaling molecules. Throughout the last decade, developmental, and lineage studies in vertebrates and invertebrates have revealed the peculiar nature of the pharyngeal mesoderm that forms certain head muscles and parts of the heart. Studies in chordates, the ancestors of vertebrates, revealed an evolutionarily conserved cardiopharyngeal field that progressively facilitates the development of both heart and craniofacial structures during vertebrate evolution. This ancient regulatory circuitry preceded and facilitated the emergence of myogenic cell types and hierarchies that exist in vertebrates. This chapter summarizes studies related to the origins, signaling circuits, genetics, and evolution of the head musculature, highlighting its heterogeneous characteristics in all these aspects, with a special focus on the FGF-ERK pathway. Additionally, we address the processes of head muscle regeneration, and the development of stem cell-based therapies for treatment of muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Michailovici
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tamar Eigler
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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McLennan R, Schumacher LJ, Morrison JA, Teddy JM, Ridenour DA, Box AC, Semerad CL, Li H, McDowell W, Kay D, Maini PK, Baker RE, Kulesa PM. VEGF signals induce trailblazer cell identity that drives neural crest migration. Dev Biol 2015; 407:12-25. [PMID: 26278036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic neural crest cells travel in discrete streams to precise locations throughout the head and body. We previously showed that cranial neural crest cells respond chemotactically to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and that cells within the migratory front have distinct behaviors and gene expression. We proposed a cell-induced gradient model in which lead neural crest cells read out directional information from a chemoattractant profile and instruct trailers to follow. In this study, we show that migrating chick neural crest cells do not display distinct lead and trailer gene expression profiles in culture. However, exposure to VEGF in vitro results in the upregulation of a small subset of genes associated with an in vivo lead cell signature. Timed addition and removal of VEGF in culture reveals the changes in neural crest cell gene expression are rapid. A computational model incorporating an integrate-and-switch mechanism between cellular phenotypes predicts migration efficiency is influenced by the timescale of cell behavior switching. To test the model hypothesis that neural crest cellular phenotypes respond to changes in the VEGF chemoattractant profile, we presented ectopic sources of VEGF to the trailer neural crest cell subpopulation and show diverted cell trajectories and stream alterations consistent with model predictions. Gene profiling of trailer cells that diverted and encountered VEGF revealed upregulation of a subset of 'lead' genes. Injection of neuropilin1 (Np1)-Fc into the trailer subpopulation or electroporation of VEGF morpholino to reduce VEGF signaling failed to alter trailer neural crest cell trajectories, suggesting trailers do not require VEGF to maintain coordinated migration. These results indicate that VEGF is one of the signals that establishes lead cell identity and its chemoattractant profile is critical to neural crest cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca McLennan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Linus J Schumacher
- University of Oxford, Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK; Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QD, UK
| | - Jason A Morrison
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jessica M Teddy
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Dennis A Ridenour
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Andrew C Box
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Craig L Semerad
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - William McDowell
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - David Kay
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QD, UK
| | - Philip K Maini
- University of Oxford, Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Ruth E Baker
- University of Oxford, Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Paul M Kulesa
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Cavanaugh AM, Huang J, Chen JN. Two developmentally distinct populations of neural crest cells contribute to the zebrafish heart. Dev Biol 2015; 404:103-12. [PMID: 26086691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac neural crest cells are essential for outflow tract remodeling in animals with divided systemic and pulmonary circulatory systems, but their contributions to cardiac development in animals with a single-loop circulatory system are less clear. Here we genetically labeled neural crest cells and examined their contribution to the developing zebrafish heart. We identified two populations of neural crest cells that contribute to distinct compartments of zebrafish cardiovascular system at different developmental stages. A stream of neural crest cells migrating through pharyngeal arches 1 and 2 integrates into the myocardium of the primitive heart tube between 24 and 30 h post fertilization and gives rise to cardiomyocytes. A second wave of neural crest cells migrating along aortic arch 6 envelops the endothelium of the ventral aorta and invades the bulbus arteriosus after three days of development. Interestingly, while inhibition of FGF signaling has no effect on the integration of neural crest cells to the primitive heart tube, it prevents these cells from contributing to the outflow tract, demonstrating disparate responses of neural crest cells to FGF signaling. Furthermore, neural crest ablation in zebrafish leads to multiple cardiac defects, including reduced heart rate, defective myocardial maturation and a failure to recruit progenitor cells from the second heart field. These findings add to our understanding of the contribution of neural crest cells to the developing heart and provide insights into the requirement for these cells in cardiac maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Cavanaugh
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA
| | - Jau-Nian Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles CA 90095, USA.
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40
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Ross RJ, Yates C, Baker R. Inference of cell–cell interactions from population density characteristics and cell trajectories on static and growing domains. Math Biosci 2015; 264:108-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Abstract
Cardiac neural crest cells (NCCs) are a transient, migratory cell population exclusive to vertebrate embryos. Ablation, transplantation, and lineage-tracing experiments in chick and mouse have demonstrated their essential role in the remodeling of the initially bilateral and symmetric pharyngeal artery pairs into an aortic arch and for the septation of the cardiac outflow tract into the base of the pulmonary artery and aorta. Accordingly, defective cardiac NCC function is a common cause of congenital birth defects. Here, we review our current understanding of cardiac NCC-mediated vascular remodeling and signaling pathways important for this process. We additionally discuss their contribution to the cardiac valves as well as the still contentious role of cardiac NCCs in the development of the myocardium and conductive system of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Plein
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Fantin
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christiana Ruhrberg
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Embryonic cell migration patterns are amazingly complex in the timing and spatial distribution of cells throughout the vertebrate landscape. However, advances in in vivo visualization, cell interrogation, and computational modeling are extracting critical features that underlie the mechanistic nature of these patterns. The focus of this review highlights recent advances in the study of the highly invasive neural crest cells and their migratory patterns during embryonic development. We discuss these advances within three major themes and include a description of computational models that have emerged to more rapidly integrate and test hypothetical mechanisms of neural crest migration. We conclude with technological advances that promise to reveal new insights and help translate results to human neural crest-related birth defects and metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Kulesa
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research1000 E. 50 St, Kansas City, MO 64110USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas City, KS, 66160USA
| | - Rebecca McLennan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research1000 E. 50 St, Kansas City, MO 64110USA
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Horakova D, Cela P, Krejci P, Balek L, Moravcova Balkova S, Matalova E, Buchtova M. Effect of FGFR inhibitors on chicken limb development. Dev Growth Differ 2014; 56:555-72. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Horakova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cela
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology; Institute of Experimental Biology; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology; Institute of Experimental Biology; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Balek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology; Institute of Experimental Biology; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Simona Moravcova Balkova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
- Clinic of Stomatology, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital and Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Eva Matalova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Buchtova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
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Keyte AL, Alonzo-Johnsen M, Hutson MR. Evolutionary and developmental origins of the cardiac neural crest: building a divided outflow tract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 102:309-23. [PMID: 25227322 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs) have played an important role in the evolution and development of the vertebrate cardiovascular system: from reinforcement of the developing aortic arch arteries early in vertebrate evolution, to later orchestration of aortic arch artery remodeling into the great arteries of the heart, and finally outflow tract septation in amniotes. A critical element necessary for the evolutionary advent of outflow tract septation was the co-evolution of the cardiac neural crest cells with the second heart field. This review highlights the major transitions in vertebrate circulatory evolution, explores the evolutionary developmental origins of the CNCCs from the third stream cranial neural crest, and explores candidate signaling pathways in CNCC and outflow tract evolution drawn from our knowledge of DiGeorge Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Keyte
- Brumley Neonatal Perinatal Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Karunamuni GH, Ma P, Gu S, Rollins AM, Jenkins MW, Watanabe M. Connecting teratogen-induced congenital heart defects to neural crest cells and their effect on cardiac function. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART C, EMBRYO TODAY : REVIEWS 2014; 102:227-50. [PMID: 25220155 PMCID: PMC4238913 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest cells play many key roles in embryonic development, as demonstrated by the abnormalities that result from their specific absence or dysfunction. Unfortunately, these key cells are particularly sensitive to abnormalities in various intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as genetic deletions or ethanol-exposure that lead to morbidity and mortality for organisms. This review discusses the role identified for a segment of neural crest in regulating the morphogenesis of the heart and associated great vessels. The paradox is that their derivatives constitute a small proportion of cells to the cardiovascular system. Findings supporting that these cells impact early cardiac function raises the interesting possibility that they indirectly control cardiovascular development at least partially through regulating function. Making connections between insults to the neural crest, cardiac function, and morphogenesis is more approachable with technological advances. Expanding our understanding of early functional consequences could be useful in improving diagnosis and testing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganga H. Karunamuni
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Medical Center Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland OH 44106
| | - Pei Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, Cleveland OH 44106
| | - Shi Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, Cleveland OH 44106
| | - Andrew M. Rollins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, Cleveland OH 44106
| | - Michael W. Jenkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Medical Center Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland OH 44106
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering, Cleveland OH 44106
| | - Michiko Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Medical Center Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland OH 44106
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Knelson EH, Gaviglio AL, Nee JC, Starr MD, Nixon AB, Marcus SG, Blobe GC. Stromal heparan sulfate differentiates neuroblasts to suppress neuroblastoma growth. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3016-31. [PMID: 24937430 DOI: 10.1172/jci74270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma prognosis is dependent on both the differentiation state and stromal content of the tumor. Neuroblastoma tumor stroma is thought to suppress neuroblast growth via release of soluble differentiating factors. Here, we identified critical growth-limiting components of the differentiating stroma secretome and designed a potential therapeutic strategy based on their central mechanism of action. We demonstrated that expression of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), including TβRIII, GPC1, GPC3, SDC3, and SDC4, is low in neuroblasts and high in the Schwannian stroma. Evaluation of neuroblastoma patient microarray data revealed an association between TGFBR3, GPC1, and SDC3 expression and improved prognosis. Treatment of neuroblastoma cell lines with soluble HSPGs promoted neuroblast differentiation via FGFR1 and ERK phosphorylation, leading to upregulation of the transcription factor inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1). HSPGs also enhanced FGF2-dependent differentiation, and the anticoagulant heparin had a similar effect, leading to decreased neuroblast proliferation. Dissection of individual sulfation sites identified 2-O, 3-O-desulfated heparin (ODSH) as a differentiating agent, and treatment of orthotopic xenograft models with ODSH suppressed tumor growth and metastasis without anticoagulation. These studies support heparan sulfate signaling intermediates as prognostic and therapeutic neuroblastoma biomarkers and demonstrate that tumor stroma biology can inform the design of targeted molecular therapeutics.
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Fort P, Théveneau E. PleiotRHOpic: Rho pathways are essential for all stages of Neural Crest development. Small GTPases 2014; 5:e27975. [PMID: 24614304 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.27975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural Crest (NC) cells are a multipotent migratory stem cell population unique to vertebrates, which contributes extensively to the formation of a wide array of neural and non-neural structures in the embryo. NC cells originate in the ectoderm at the border of the neural tube, undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition and acquire outstanding individual and collective migratory properties that allow them to disseminate and differentiate to different parts of the body. This exquisite capacity to switch from an epithelium to motile cells represents both a puzzling biological issue and an attractive model to address the basic mechanisms of cell migration and their alteration during cancer progression. Here we review how signaling pathways controlled by Rho GTPases, key players in cell adhesion, contraction, migration and polarity, contribute to the control the different phases of NC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Fort
- CNRS; University Montpellier 2; CRBM-UMR5237; Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Théveneau
- CNRS; University Toulouse III; Centre de Biologie du Développement; UMR5547; Toulouse, France
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The role of the non-canonical Wnt-planar cell polarity pathway in neural crest migration. Biochem J 2014; 457:19-26. [PMID: 24325550 DOI: 10.1042/bj20131182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The neural crest is an embryonic stem cell population whose migratory behaviour has been likened to malignant invasion. The neural crest, as does cancer, undergoes an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and migrates to colonize almost all the tissues of the embryo. Neural crest cells exhibit collective cell migration, moving in streams of high directionality. The migratory neural crest streams are kept in shape by the presence of negative signals in their vicinity. The directionality of the migrating neural crest is achieved by contact-dependent cell polarization, in a phenomenon called contact inhibition of locomotion. Two cells experiencing contact inhibition of locomotion move away from each other after collision. However, if the cell density is high only cells exposed to a free edge can migrate away from the cluster leading to the directional migration of the whole group. Recent work performed in chicks, zebrafish and frogs has shown that the non-canonical Wnt-PCP (planar cell polarity) pathway plays a major role in neural crest migration. PCP signalling controls contact inhibition of locomotion between neural crest cells by localizing different PCP proteins at the site of cell contact during collision and locally regulating the activity of Rho GTPases. Upon collision RhoA (ras homologue family member A) is activated, whereas Rac1 is inhibited at the contact between two migrating neural crest cells, leading to the collapse of protrusions and the migration of cells away from one another. The present review summarizes the mechanisms that control neural crest migration and focuses on the role of non-canonical Wnt or PCP signalling in this process.
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Knelson EH, Gaviglio AL, Tewari AK, Armstrong MB, Mythreye K, Blobe GC. Type III TGF-β receptor promotes FGF2-mediated neuronal differentiation in neuroblastoma. J Clin Invest 2014; 123:4786-98. [PMID: 24216509 DOI: 10.1172/jci69657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factors and their receptors coordinate neuronal differentiation during development, yet their roles in the pediatric tumor neuroblastoma remain unclear. Comparison of mRNA from benign neuroblastic tumors and neuroblastomas revealed that expression of the type III TGF-β receptor (TGFBR3) decreases with advancing stage of neuroblastoma and this loss correlates with a poorer prognosis. Patients with MYCN oncogene amplification and low TGFBR3 expression were more likely to have an adverse outcome. In vitro, TβRIII expression was epigenetically suppressed by MYCN-mediated recruitment of histone deacetylases to regions of the TGFBR3 promoter. TβRIII bound FGF2 and exogenous FGFR1, which promoted neuronal differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. TβRIII and FGF2 cooperated to induce expression of the transcription factor inhibitor of DNA binding 1 via Erk MAPK. TβRIII-mediated neuronal differentiation suppressed cell proliferation in vitro as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. These studies characterize a coreceptor function for TβRIII in FGF2-mediated neuronal differentiation, while identifying potential therapeutic targets and clinical biomarkers for neuroblastoma.
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Noisa P, Lund C, Kanduri K, Lund R, Lähdesmäki H, Lahesmaa R, Lundin K, Chokechuwattanalert H, Otonkoski T, Tuuri T, Raivio T. Notch signaling regulates neural crest differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2083-94. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.145755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) cells are specified at the border of neural plate and epiderm. They are capable of differentiating into various somatic cell types, including craniofacial and peripheral nerve tissues. Notch signaling plays significant roles during neurogenesis; however, its function during human NC development is poorly understood. Here, we generated self-renewing premigratory NC-like cells (pNCCs) from human pluripotent stem cells and investigated the roles of Notch signaling during the NC differentiation. pNCCs expressed various NC specifier genes, including SLUG, SOX10 and TWIST1, and were able to differentiate into most NC derivatives. Blocking Notch signaling during the pNCC differentiation suppressed the expression of NC specifier genes. In contrast, ectopic expression of activated Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1) augmented the expression of NC specifier genes, and NICD1 was found to bind at their promoter regions. Notch activity was also required for the maintenance of premigratory NC state, and suppression of Notch led to generation of NC-derived neurons. Taken together, we provide a protocol for the generation of pNCCs, and show that Notch signaling regulates the formation, migration and differentiation of NC from hPSCs.
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