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Kier C, Sadeghi H, Kay D, Langfelder-Schwind E, Berdella M, Joan D, Soultan Z, Caggana M, Dozor A, Fortner C, Giusti R, Goetz D, Kaslovsky R, Stevens C, Voter K, Welter J. 32 Characteristics of 225 infants with cystic fibrosis screen positive, inconclusive diagnosis and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator–related metabolic syndrome identified in New York State over a 3-year period. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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2
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Langfelder-Schwind E, Kay D, Berdella M, Joan D, Soultan Z, Dozor A, Fortner C, Giusti R, Goetz D, Kaslovsky R, Voter K, Welter J, Caggana M, Sadeghi H, Kier C. 151 Variable genetic counseling access and services for parents of infants who screen positive for cystic fibrosis in New York State. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Choudhary S, Giusti R, Goetz D, Kaslovsky R, Berdella M, Sadeghi H, DeCelie-Germana J, Welter J, Kier C, Fortner C, Voter K, Kay D, Hammouda S. 80: New York Cystic Fibrosis Newborn Screening Consortium quality improvement: Focus on parent and pediatrician education and development of a statewide standard of care for CF-related metabolic syndrome infants. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Cook A, Faustini S, Williams L, Cunningham A, Drayson M, Shields A, Kay D, Taylor L, Plant T, Huissoon A, Wallis G, Beck S, Jossi S, Perez-Toledo M, Newby M, Allen J, Crispin M, Harding S, Richter A. Validation of a combined ELISA to detect IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in mild or moderate non-hospitalised patients. J Immunol Methods 2021; 494:113046. [PMID: 33775672 PMCID: PMC7997147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequently SARS-CoV-2 results in mild or moderate disease with potentially lower concentrations of antibodies compared to those that are hospitalised. Here, we validated an ELISA using SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike glycoprotein, with targeted detection of IgG, IgA and IgM (IgGAM) using serum and dried blood spots (DBS) from adults with mild or moderate disease. METHODS Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike, a combined anti-IgG, IgA and IgM serology ELISA assay was developed using 62 PCR-confirmed non-hospitalised, mild or moderate COVID-19 samples, ≥14 days post symptom onset and 624 COVID-19 negative samples. The assay was validated using 73 PCR-confirmed non-hospitalised, mild or moderate COVID-19 samples, ≥14 days post symptom onset and 359 COVID-19 negative serum samples with an additional 81 DBSs. The assay was further validated in 226 PCR-confirmed non-hospitalised, mild or moderate COVID-19 samples, ≥14 days post symptom onset and 426 COVID-19 negative clinical samples. RESULTS A sensitivity and specificity of 98.6% (95% CI, 92.6-100.0), 98.3% (95% CI, 96.4-99.4), respectively, was observed following validation of the SARS-CoV-2 ELISA. No cross-reactivities with endemic coronaviruses or other human viruses were observed, and no change in results were recorded for interfering substances. The assay was stable at temperature extremes and components were stable for 15 days once opened. A matrix comparison showed DBS to correlate with serum results. Clinical validation of the assay reported a sensitivity of 94.7% (95% CI, 90.9-97.2%) and a specificity of 98.4% (95% CI, 96.6-99.3%). CONCLUSIONS The human anti-IgGAM SARS-CoV-2 ELISA provides accurate and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in non-hospitalised adults with mild or moderate disease. The use of dried blood spots makes the assay accessible to the wider community.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Cook
- The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK
| | - S.E. Faustini
- Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - L.J. Williams
- The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK,Corresponding author at: The Binding Site Group, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK
| | - A.F. Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - M.T. Drayson
- Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - A.M. Shields
- Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - D. Kay
- The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK
| | - L. Taylor
- The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton Road, Wolverhampton, West Midlands WV10 0QP, UK
| | - T. Plant
- Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - A. Huissoon
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - G. Wallis
- The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK
| | - S. Beck
- University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - S.E. Jossi
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - M. Perez-Toledo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - M.L. Newby
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - J.D. Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - M. Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - S. Harding
- The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK
| | - A.G. Richter
- Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
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5
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Kay D, O'Brien H, Gignac P. Alveolar Trough: Formalizing an
Arcus Alveolaris
Analog in a Sauropsid Model. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.05014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Kay
- Anatomy and Cell BiologyOklahoma State University Center for Health SciencesTulsaOK
| | - Haley O'Brien
- Anatomy and Cell BiologyOklahoma State University Center for Health SciencesTulsaOK
| | - Paul Gignac
- Anatomy and Cell BiologyOklahoma State University Center for Health SciencesTulsaOK
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6
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Nielson S, Simmons Z, Kay D. 0403 Sleep Valuation: A Novel Construct and Questionnaire. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Sleep valuation, the relative worth of one’s own sleep, is an under-explored construct that could have implications on sleep health. This study sought to validate the Sleep Valuation Questionnaire (SVQ) and to explore demographic differences in sleep valuation.
Methods
Participants (N = 946) recruited through TurkPrime were stratified across age (18-99), race (50% White, 17% Black, and 8.33% for each American Indian, Asian, Pacific Islander, and other), Hispanic ethnicity (20%), gender (50/50 female/male), employment status (50% employed full time and 8.33% for each part time, homemaker, retired, student, temp worker. unemployed, and disabled), Participants completed a demographic survey, followed by the original 43 item SVQ completed twice. Iterated principal factoring with a Promax solution was used to identify the factor structure of the SVQ. Cronbach’s alpha and correlation analyses were also used to help identify items with poor reliability. Total sleep valuation, the sum of valid items on the SVQ, was used as the dependent variable in a multiple regression analysis. Age, gender, race, work status, socioeconomic status, educational level, marital status, and general health and mental health estimates served as independent variables.
Results
After removing items with weak factor loadings (<0.6), poor reliability, and weak face validity, the number of items were reduced to 10, which loaded on to 2 factors: Sleep Desire and Sleep Need. Those who cohabitate had lower SVQ scores than married individuals (p=0.04), full-time workers had higher SVQ scores than non-full-time workers (p=0.001), higher age was associated with lower SVQ scores (p<0.001), and higher general mental health was associated with lower SVQ scores (p<0.001).
Conclusion
This is the first study to explore how demographic variables relate to sleep valuation. The SVQ may help identify factors that contribute to sleep valuation and sleep valuation relates to sleep behavior, sleep health, and sleep treatment utilization.
Support
None
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D Kay
- Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
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7
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Levrero-Florencio F, Margara F, Zacur E, Bueno-Orovio A, Wang Z, Santiago A, Aguado-Sierra J, Houzeaux G, Grau V, Kay D, Vázquez M, Ruiz-Baier R, Rodriguez B. Sensitivity analysis of a strongly-coupled human-based electromechanical cardiac model: Effect of mechanical parameters on physiologically relevant biomarkers. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 2020; 361:112762. [PMID: 32565583 PMCID: PMC7299076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cma.2019.112762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The human heart beats as a result of multiscale nonlinear dynamics coupling subcellular to whole organ processes, achieving electrophysiologically-driven mechanical contraction. Computational cardiac modelling and simulation have achieved a great degree of maturity, both in terms of mathematical models of underlying biophysical processes and the development of simulation software. In this study, we present the detailed description of a human-based physiologically-based, and fully-coupled ventricular electromechanical modelling and simulation framework, and a sensitivity analysis focused on its mechanical properties. The biophysical detail of the model, from ionic to whole-organ, is crucial to enable future simulations of disease and drug action. Key novelties include the coupling of state-of-the-art human-based electrophysiology membrane kinetics, excitation-contraction and active contraction models, and the incorporation of a pre-stress model to allow for pre-stressing and pre-loading the ventricles in a dynamical regime. Through high performance computing simulations, we demonstrate that 50% to 200% - 1000% variations in key parameters result in changes in clinically-relevant mechanical biomarkers ranging from diseased to healthy values in clinical studies. Furthermore mechanical biomarkers are primarily affected by only one or two parameters. Specifically, ejection fraction is dominated by the scaling parameter of the active tension model and its scaling parameter in the normal direction ( k ort 2 ); the end systolic pressure is dominated by the pressure at which the ejection phase is triggered ( P ej ) and the compliance of the Windkessel fluid model ( C ); and the longitudinal fractional shortening is dominated by the fibre angle ( ϕ ) and k ort 2 . The wall thickening does not seem to be clearly dominated by any of the considered input parameters. In summary, this study presents in detail the description and implementation of a human-based coupled electromechanical modelling and simulation framework, and a high performance computing study on the sensitivity of mechanical biomarkers to key model parameters. The tools and knowledge generated enable future investigations into disease and drug action on human ventricles.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Levrero-Florencio
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QD, United Kingdom
- Corresponding authors.
| | - F. Margara
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QD, United Kingdom
| | - E. Zacur
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - A. Bueno-Orovio
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QD, United Kingdom
| | - Z.J. Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QD, United Kingdom
| | - A. Santiago
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center – Centro Nacional de Supercomputación, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - J. Aguado-Sierra
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center – Centro Nacional de Supercomputación, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - G. Houzeaux
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center – Centro Nacional de Supercomputación, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - V. Grau
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - D. Kay
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QD, United Kingdom
| | - M. Vázquez
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center – Centro Nacional de Supercomputación, Barcelona 08034, Spain
- ELEM Biotech, Spain
| | - R. Ruiz-Baier
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
- Universidad Adventista de Chile, Casilla 7-D, Chillan, Chile
| | - B. Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QD, United Kingdom
- Corresponding authors.
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8
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Foy BH, Soares M, Bordas R, Richardson M, Bell A, Singapuri A, Hargadon B, Brightling C, Burrowes K, Kay D, Owers-Bradley J, Siddiqui S. Lung Computational Models and the Role of the Small Airways in Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:982-991. [PMID: 31106566 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201812-2322oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Asthma is characterized by disease within the small airways. Several studies have suggested that forced oscillation technique-derived resistance at 5 Hz (R5) - resistance at 20 Hz (R20) is a measure of small airway disease; however, there has been limited validation of this measurement to date.Objectives: To validate the use of forced oscillation R5 - R20 as a measure of small airway narrowing in asthma, and to investigate the role that small airway narrowing plays in asthma.Methods: Patient-based complete conducting airway models were generated from computed tomography scans to simulate the impact of different degrees of airway narrowing at different levels of the airway tree on forced oscillation R5 - R20 (n = 31). The computational models were coupled with regression models in an asthmatic cohort (n = 177) to simulate the impact of small airway narrowing on asthma control and quality of life. The computational models were used to predict the impact on small airway narrowing of type-2 targeting biologics using pooled data from two similarly design randomized, placebo-controlled biologic trials (n = 137).Measurements and Main Results: Simulations demonstrated that narrowing of the small airways had a greater impact on R5 - R20 than narrowing of the larger airways and was associated (above a threshold of approximately 40% narrowing) with marked deterioration in both asthma control and asthma quality of life, above the minimal clinical important difference. The observed treatment effect on R5 - R20 in the pooled trials equated to a predicted small airway narrowing reversal of approximately 40%.Conclusions: We have demonstrated, using computational modeling, that forced oscillation R5 - R20 is a direct measure of anatomical narrowing in the small airways and that small airway narrowing has a marked impact on both asthma control and quality of life and may be modified by biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brody H Foy
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Marcia Soares
- College of Life Sciences and Respiratory Research Theme, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Rafel Bordas
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.,Roxar Software Solutions, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Richardson
- College of Life Sciences and Respiratory Research Theme, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Bell
- College of Life Sciences and Respiratory Research Theme, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Amisha Singapuri
- College of Life Sciences and Respiratory Research Theme, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Beverley Hargadon
- College of Life Sciences and Respiratory Research Theme, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Brightling
- College of Life Sciences and Respiratory Research Theme, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Burrowes
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and
| | - David Kay
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - John Owers-Bradley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Salman Siddiqui
- College of Life Sciences and Respiratory Research Theme, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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9
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Cooper FR, Baker RE, Bernabeu MO, Bordas R, Bowler L, Bueno-Orovio A, Byrne HM, Carapella V, Cardone-Noott L, Jonatha C, Dutta S, Evans BD, Fletcher AG, Grogan JA, Guo W, Harvey DG, Hendrix M, Kay D, Kursawe J, Maini PK, McMillan B, Mirams GR, Osborne JM, Pathmanathan P, Pitt-Francis JM, Robinson M, Rodriguez B, Spiteri RJ, Gavaghan DJ. Chaste: Cancer, Heart and Soft Tissue Environment. J Open Source Softw 2020; 5:1848. [PMID: 37192932 PMCID: PMC7614534 DOI: 10.21105/joss.01848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chaste (Cancer, Heart And Soft Tissue Environment) is an open source simulation package for the numerical solution of mathematical models arising in physiology and biology. To date, Chaste development has been driven primarily by applications that include continuum modelling of cardiac electrophysiology ('Cardiac Chaste'), discrete cell-based modelling of soft tissues ('Cell-based Chaste'), and modelling of ventilation in lungs ('Lung Chaste'). Cardiac Chaste addresses the need for a high-performance, generic, and verified simulation framework for cardiac electrophysiology that is freely available to the scientific community. Cardiac chaste provides a software package capable of realistic heart simulations that is efficient, rigorously tested, and runs on HPC platforms. Cell-based Chaste addresses the need for efficient and verified implementations of cell-based modelling frameworks, providing a set of extensible tools for simulating biological tissues. Computational modelling, along with live imaging techniques, plays an important role in understanding the processes of tissue growth and repair. A wide range of cell-based modelling frameworks have been developed that have each been successfully applied in a range of biological applications. Cell-based Chaste includes implementations of the cellular automaton model, the cellular Potts model, cell-centre models with cell representations as overlapping spheres or Voronoi tessellations, and the vertex model. Lung Chaste addresses the need for a novel, generic and efficient lung modelling software package that is both tested and verified. It aims to couple biophysically-detailed models of airway mechanics with organ-scale ventilation models in a package that is freely available to the scientific community. Chaste is designed to be modular and extensible, providing libraries for common scientific computing infrastructure such as linear algebra operations, finite element meshes, and ordinary and partial differential equation solvers. This infrastructure is used by libraries for specific applications, such as continuum mechanics, cardiac models, and cell-based models. The software engineering techniques used to develop Chaste are intended to ensure code quality, re-usability and reliability. Primary applications of the software include cardiac and respiratory physiology, cancer and developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus R Cooper
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth E Baker
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Miguel O Bernabeu
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rafel Bordas
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Louise Bowler
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Helen M Byrne
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Valentina Carapella
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Cooper Jonatha
- Research IT Services, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Dutta
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin D Evans
- Centre for Biomedical Modelling and Analysis, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alexander G Fletcher
- School of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - James A Grogan
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wenxian Guo
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Daniel G Harvey
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maurice Hendrix
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine & Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Digital Research Service, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David Kay
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jochen Kursawe
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Philip K Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Beth McMillan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gary R Mirams
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine & Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James M Osborne
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pras Pathmanathan
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories (OSEL), Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | | | - Martin Robinson
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - David J Gavaghan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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10
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Foy B, Kay D, Siddiqui S, Brightling C, Paiva M, Verbanck S. Increased ventilation heterogeneity in asthma can be attributed to proximal bronchioles. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.01345-2019. [PMID: 31806713 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01345-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brody Foy
- Center for Systems Biology and Dept of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Dept of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Kay
- Dept of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Salman Siddiqui
- Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Chris Brightling
- Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Manuel Paiva
- Respiratory Division, University Hospital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Verbanck
- Respiratory Division, University Hospital UZBrussel, Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Morris T, Sandow T, Gimenez J, Gulotta P, Thevenot P, Nunez K, Gilbert P, Marsala A, Bohorquez H, Cohen A, Kay D, Ramalingam V. 3:36 PM Abstract No. 302 Effect of bridging locoregional therapy on hepatic arterial complications following liver transplant: 3-year, multicenter, retrospective analysis of 608 patients. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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12
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Chang SL, Kay D, Mansfield O, Sheridan S. Unidentified renal masses: safety and accuracy of CT-guided biopsy. Clin Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Chang SL, Kay D, Mansfield O, Sheridan S. So I’ve had my renal biopsy, what happens now? Clin Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Whitfield C, Foy B, Kay D, Jensen O, Horsley A. Combining patient-specific airway models with acinar asymmetry in simulations of multiple breath washout (MBW). Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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15
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Bell AJ, Foy BH, Richardson M, Singapuri A, Mirkes E, van den Berge M, Kay D, Brightling C, Gorban AN, Galbán CJ, Siddiqui S. Functional CT imaging for identification of the spatial determinants of small-airways disease in adults with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:83-93. [PMID: 30682455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a disease characterized by ventilation heterogeneity (VH). A number of studies have demonstrated that VH markers derived by using impulse oscillometry (IOS) or multiple-breath washout (MBW) are associated with key asthmatic patient-related outcome measures and airways hyperresponsiveness. However, the topographical mechanisms of VH in the lung remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that specific regionalization of topographical small-airway disease would best account for IOS- and MBW-measured indices in patients. METHODS We evaluated the results of paired expiratory/inspiratory computed tomography in a cohort of asthmatic (n = 41) and healthy (n = 11) volunteers to understand the determinants of clinical VH indices commonly reported by using IOS and MBW. Parametric response mapping (PRM) was used to calculate the functional small-airways disease marker PRMfSAD and Hounsfield unit (HU)-based density changes from total lung capacity to functional residual capacity (ΔHU); gradients of ΔHU in gravitationally perpendicular (parallel) inferior-superior (anterior-posterior) axes were quantified. RESULTS The ΔHU gradient in the inferior-superior axis provided the highest level of discrimination of both acinar VH (measured by using phase 3 slope analysis of multiple-breath washout data) and resistance at 5 Hz minus resistance at 20 Hz measured by using impulse oscillometry (R5-R20) values. Patients with a high inferior-superior ΔHU gradient demonstrated evidence of reduced specific ventilation in the lower lobes of the lungs and high levels of PRMfSAD. A computational small-airway tree model confirmed that constriction of gravitationally dependent, lower-zone, small-airway branches would promote the largest increases in R5-R20 values. Ventilation gradients correlated with asthma control and quality of life but not with exacerbation frequency. CONCLUSIONS Lower lobe-predominant small-airways disease is a major driver of clinically measured VH in adults with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Bell
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Brody H Foy
- Computational Biology, Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Richardson
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Amisha Singapuri
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Evgeny Mirkes
- Department of Mathematics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - David Kay
- Computational Biology, Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Brightling
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander N Gorban
- Department of Mathematics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Craig J Galbán
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Salman Siddiqui
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
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Knegtel R, Charrier JD, Durrant S, Davis C, O'Donnell M, Storck P, MacCormick S, Kay D, Pinder J, Virani A, Twin H, Griffiths M, Reaper P, Littlewood P, Young S, Golec J, Pollard J. Rational Design of 5-(4-(Isopropylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(3-(4-((methylamino)methyl)phenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)pyrazin-2-amine (VX-970, M6620): Optimization of Intra- and Intermolecular Polar Interactions of a New Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated and Rad3-Related (ATR) Kinase Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5547-5561. [PMID: 31074988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is a DNA damage surveillance and repair mechanism that can limit the effectiveness of radiotherapy and DNA-damaging chemotherapy, commonly used treatment modalities in cancer. Two related kinases, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM and Rad3-related kinase (ATR), work together as apical proteins in the DDR to maintain genome stability and cell survival in the face of potentially lethal forms of DNA damage. However, compromised ATM signaling is a common characteristic of tumor cells, which places greater reliance on ATR to mediate the DDR. In such circumstances, ATR inhibition has been shown to enhance the toxicity of DNA damaging chemotherapy to many cancer cells in multiple preclinical studies, while healthy tissue with functional ATM can tolerate ATR inhibition. ATR therefore represents a very attractive anticancer target. Herein we describe the discovery of VX-970/M6620, the first ATR inhibitor to enter clinical studies, which is based on a 2-aminopyrazine core first reported by Charrier ( J. Med. Chem. 2011 , 54 , 2320 - 2330 , DOI: 10.1021/jm101488z ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Knegtel
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Damien Charrier
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Steven Durrant
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Chris Davis
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Michael O'Donnell
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Storck
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Somhairle MacCormick
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - David Kay
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Pinder
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Anisa Virani
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Heather Twin
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Griffiths
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Philip Reaper
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Peter Littlewood
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Steve Young
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - Julian Golec
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
| | - John Pollard
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd. , 86-88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park , Abingdon , Oxfordshire OX14 4RW , United Kingdom
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17
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Goranova T, Ennis D, Piskorz AM, Macintyre G, Lewsley LA, Stobo J, Wilson C, Kay D, Glasspool RM, Lockley M, Brockbank E, Montes A, Walther A, Sundar S, Edmondson R, Hall GD, Clamp A, Gourley C, Hall M, Fotopoulou C, Gabra H, Freeman S, Moore L, Jimenez-Linan M, Paul J, Brenton JD, McNeish IA. Correction: Safety and utility of image-guided research biopsies in relapsed high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma-experience of the BriTROC consortium. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:868. [PMID: 30862952 PMCID: PMC6474310 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This article was originally published under a CC BY NC SA License, but has now been made available under a CC BY 4.0 License.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goranova
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - D Ennis
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - A M Piskorz
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - G Macintyre
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - L A Lewsley
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK
| | - J Stobo
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK
| | - C Wilson
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK
| | - D Kay
- Department of Radiology, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK
| | - R M Glasspool
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK
| | - M Lockley
- Barts Cancer Institute, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- University College Hospital, London, WC1E 6BD, UK
| | - E Brockbank
- Barts Cancer Institute, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - A Montes
- Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - A Walther
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, Bristol, BS2 8ED, UK
| | - S Sundar
- City Hospital, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
| | | | - G D Hall
- St James Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - A Clamp
- The Christie Hospital, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - C Gourley
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - M Hall
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, HA6 2RN, UK
| | | | - H Gabra
- Imperial College, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - S Freeman
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - L Moore
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - J Paul
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK
| | - J D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - I A McNeish
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK.
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Hanlon K, Wilson MR, Kay D, Jackson B, Leach M. Safety and diagnostic yield of splenic core biopsy; a methodical approach using combined Haematology/Radiology assessment in a tertiary referral centre. Br J Haematol 2019; 186:371-373. [PMID: 30873597 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Hanlon
- Department of Haematology Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre GlasgowUK
| | - Matthew R. Wilson
- Department of Haematology Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre GlasgowUK
| | - David Kay
- Department of Radiology Queen Elizabeth University Hospital GlasgowUK
| | - Bob Jackson
- Department of Pathology Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Glasgow UK
| | - Mike Leach
- Department of Haematology Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre GlasgowUK
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Tramel R, April D, Sandow T, Gulotta P, Gilbert P, Marsala A, Gimenez J, Milburn J, Kay D, Ramalingam V. 03:27 PM Abstract No. 309 Safety and feasibility of percutaneous gastrostomy tube placement on patients receiving antiplatelet therapy after cerebral vascular accident. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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20
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Sandow T, Nunez K, Gimenez J, Ramalingam V, Gulotta P, Robertson S, Gilbert P, Marsala A, DeVun D, Kay D, Cohen A, Thevenot P. 03:45 PM Abstract No. 213 Synthetic liver function and absolute lymphocyte count are associated with tumor response to locoregional therapy as well as immunosuppressive cell populations in transplant waitlist patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: single-center, prospective, observational trial. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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21
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Wyer MD, Kay D, Morgan H, Naylor S, Clark S, Watkins J, Davies CM, Francis C, Osborn H, Bennett S. Within-day variability in microbial concentrations at a UK designated bathing water: Implications for regulatory monitoring and the application of predictive modelling based on historical compliance data. Water Res X 2018; 1:100006. [PMID: 31193990 PMCID: PMC6549935 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Prediction of bathing water quality is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Union (EU) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and is an established element in bathing water management designed to protect public health. Most commonly, historical regulatory compliance data are used for model calibration and provide the dependent variable for modelling. Independent (or predictor) variables (e.g. rainfall, river flow and received irradiance) measured over some antecedent period are used to deliver prediction of the faecal indicator concentration measured on the day of the regulatory sample collection. The implied linked assumptions of this approach are, therefore, that; (i) the independent variables accurately predict the bathing-day water quality; which is (ii) accurately characterized by the single regulatory sample. Assumption (ii) will not be the case where significant within-day variability in water quality is evident. This study built a detailed record of water quality change through 60 days at a UK coastal bathing water in 2011 using half-hourly samples each subjected to triplicate filtration designed to enhance enumeration precision. On average, the mean daily variation in FIO concentrations exceeded 1 log10 order, with the largest daily variations exceeding 2 log10 orders. Significant diurnality was observed at this bathing water, which would determine its EU Directive compliance category if the regulatory samples were collected at the same time each day. A sampling programme of this intensity has not been reported elsewhere to date and, if this pattern is proven to be characteristic of other bathing waters world-wide, it has significance for: (a) the design of regulatory sampling programmes; (b) the use of historical data to assess compliance, which often comprises a single sample taken at the compliance point on a regular, often weekly, basis; and (c) the use of regulatory compliance data to build predictive models of water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Wyer
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Llandinam Building, Aberystwyth University, SY23 3DB, UK
| | - David Kay
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Llandinam Building, Aberystwyth University, SY23 3DB, UK
| | - Huw Morgan
- Place, Housing and Public Protection Services, Pollution Control, Swansea Council, The Guildhall, Swansea, SA1 4PE, UK
| | - Sam Naylor
- Place, Housing and Public Protection Services, Pollution Control, Swansea Council, The Guildhall, Swansea, SA1 4PE, UK
| | - Simon Clark
- Place, Housing and Public Protection Services, Pollution Control, Swansea Council, The Guildhall, Swansea, SA1 4PE, UK
| | - John Watkins
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Llandinam Building, Aberystwyth University, SY23 3DB, UK
| | - Cheryl M. Davies
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Llandinam Building, Aberystwyth University, SY23 3DB, UK
| | - Carol Francis
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Llandinam Building, Aberystwyth University, SY23 3DB, UK
| | - Hamish Osborn
- Natural Resources Wales, Area Office, Maes Newydd, Llandarcy, SA10 6JQ, UK
| | - Sarah Bennett
- Natural Resources Wales, Area Office, Maes Newydd, Llandarcy, SA10 6JQ, UK
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22
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Kay D, Crowther J, Stapleton CM, Wyer MD. Faecal indicator organism inputs to watercourses from streamside pastures grazed by cattle: Before and after implementation of streambank fencing. Water Res 2018; 143:229-239. [PMID: 29960177 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Faecal indicator organisms (FIOs) are major pollutants in many catchments world-wide, with streamside pastures on livestock farms being potentially significant sources. Hitherto, few empirical studies have quantified FIO fluxes from such areas or investigated streambank fencing (SBF) and other possible mitigation measures. The aim of this two-phase (before/after intervention) study of the effectiveness of SBF was to generate an empirical evidence-base to enable regulatory authorities to make better-informed decisions concerning the implementation of this measure. It was undertaken during the summer bathing season along a 271 m stream reach in the River Tamar catchment, SW England. The study included: cattle distribution surveys; monitoring of changes in E. coli (EC) and intestinal enterococci (IE) concentrations and fluxes down the reach and of concentrations in ditch flow and surface runoff; phage tracer studies of surface runoff from pasture land; and experimental streambed trampling to investigate streambed FIO sources. The results show that cattle spend a disproportionately large amount of time in the watercourse/riparian zone along unfenced streams; identify direct defecation to the stream by wading livestock and the release/mobilisation of FIOs from cowpats by surface runoff from the adjacent pastures at times of high flow as key transmission routes; and demonstrate that FIOs become incorporated within streambed sediments, from which they may subsequently be released by trampling. Partial exclusion of cattle through SBF with a drinking bay greatly reduces the time cattle spend in streams. Total exclusion SBF, with provision of an alternative drinking supply, considerably reduces FIO load inputs to the stream reach, e.g. at times of high flow, which are critical in terms of pollutant fluxes to coastal waters, the mean EC and IE input loads to the reach fell by 0.842 and 2.206 log10, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kay
- Centre for Research into Environment & Health, Department of Geography & Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DB, UK.
| | - John Crowther
- Centre for Research into Environment & Health, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Lampeter, Ceredigion, SA48 7ED, UK
| | - Carl M Stapleton
- Centre for Research into Environment & Health, Department of Geography & Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DB, UK
| | - Mark D Wyer
- Centre for Research into Environment & Health, Department of Geography & Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DB, UK
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23
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Rusiñol M, Fernandez-Cassi X, Timoneda N, Carratalà A, Abril JF, Silvera C, Figueras MJ, Gelati E, Rodó X, Kay D, Wyn-Jones P, Bofill-Mas S, Girones R. Corrigendum to "Evidence of viral dissemination and seasonality in a Mediterranean river catchment: implications for water pollution management" [J. Environ. Manag. 159 (2015) 58-67]. J Environ Manage 2018; 223:1100. [PMID: 29807682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Rusiñol
- Laboratory of Virus Contaminants of Water and Food, Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - X Fernandez-Cassi
- Laboratory of Virus Contaminants of Water and Food, Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - N Timoneda
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Carratalà
- Laboratory of Virus Contaminants of Water and Food, Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J F Abril
- Computational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Silvera
- Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV, University Rovira and Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M J Figueras
- Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV, University Rovira and Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Gelati
- Catalan Institute of Climate Sciences (IC3), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - X Rodó
- Catalan Institute of Climate Sciences (IC3), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - D Kay
- Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences (IGES), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - P Wyn-Jones
- Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences (IGES), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - S Bofill-Mas
- Laboratory of Virus Contaminants of Water and Food, Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Girones
- Laboratory of Virus Contaminants of Water and Food, Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Foy BH, Gonem S, Brightling C, Siddiqui S, Kay D. Modelling the effect of gravity on inert-gas washout outputs. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13709. [PMID: 29845761 PMCID: PMC5974727 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple-breath washout (MBW) is a pulmonary function test (PFT) that is used to infer lung function through measurement of ventilation heterogeneity (VH). However, the body position that a test is taken in may also influence VH, due to the "Slinky" effect of gravity on the lungs. In healthy subjects this has minimal effect, but in unhealthy groups, PFT outputs have been seen to change drastically with body position. In this study, we used a combined computational and clinical approach to better understand the response of outputs from the MBW to body position. A patient-specific model of the MBW was developed, then validated against clinically measured washout data, as well as broader results in the literature. This model was then used to compare changes in MBW outputs with respect to body position, showing that output changes sensitively predict regional airway size differences between lobes. We then highlight cases in which body position effects may bias MBW outputs, leading to elevated or masked responses to bronchoconstriction. We close by placing this result in context with broader clinical practice, and showing how it can help improve interpretation of test outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brody H. Foy
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of OxfordOxfordOxfordshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Sherif Gonem
- Respiratory Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Leicester/National Institute of Health ResearchLeicesterLeicestershireUnited Kingdom
| | - Chris Brightling
- Respiratory Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Leicester/National Institute of Health ResearchLeicesterLeicestershireUnited Kingdom
| | - Salman Siddiqui
- Respiratory Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Leicester/National Institute of Health ResearchLeicesterLeicestershireUnited Kingdom
| | - David Kay
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of OxfordOxfordOxfordshireUnited Kingdom
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Sandow T, Thevenot P, Gimenez J, Arndt S, Nunez K, DeVun D, Gulotta P, Ramalingam V, Gilbert P, Kirsch D, Bohorquez H, Kay D, Cohen A. 3:18 PM Abstract No. 35 ■ DISTINGUISHED ABSTRACT Lymphopenia selects poor DEB-TACE response in transplant waitlist patients: prospective, single-center, observational study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Arndt S, Gilbert P, Sandow T, Kay D, DeVun D, Goldman D, Gimenez J, Ramalingam V. Abstract No. 488 Overall survival and survival after second primary in thermal ablation, resection, and transplantation in patients with cured primary and subsequent second primary hepatocellular carcinoma, a SEER study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Arndt S, Sandow T, Gimenez J, Kay D, Gulotta P, DeVun D, Gilbert P, Ramalingam V. Abstract No. 504 Drug-eluting bead TACE response predicts post liver transplant recurrence in a 6-year cohort. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Goldman D, Sandow T, Gimenez J, Arndt S, Thevenot P, Nunez K, DeVun D, Gulotta P, Ramalingam V, Gilbert P, Kirsch D, Bohorquez H, Galliano G, Cohen A, Kay D. 3:00 PM Abstract No. 33 Pre-TACE immune status correlates with treatment response and necrosis rates in HCC as a bridge to liver transplant. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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29
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Arndt S, Sandow T, Kay D, DeVun D, Gulotta P, Kirsch D, Ramalingam V, Nunez K, Bohorquez H, Cohen A, Thevenot P, Gimenez J. 3:27 PM Abstract No. 274 A prospective study of lung shunt fraction as a determinant of DEB-TACE response and metastasis and determinants of lung shunt fraction. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To map out the current provision of interventional oncology (IO) services in the UK. DESIGN Cross-sectional multicentre study. SETTING All National Health Service (NHS) trusts in England and Scottish, Welsh and Northern Ireland health boards. PARTICIPANTS Interventional radiology (IR) departments in all NHS trusts/health boards in the UK. RESULTS A total of 179 NHS trusts/health boards were contacted. We received a 100% response rate. Only 19 (11%) institutions had an IO lead. 144 trusts (80%) provided IO services or had a formal pathway of referral in place for patients to a recipient trust. 21 trusts (12%) had plans to provide an IO service or formal referral pathway in the next 12 months only. 14 trusts (8%) did not have a pathway of referral and no plans to implement one. 70 trusts (39%) offered supportive and disease-modifying procedures. One trust had a formal referral pathway for supportive procedures. 73 trusts (41%) provided only supportive procedures (diagnostic or therapeutic). Of these, 43 (59%) had a referral pathway for disease-modifying IO procedures, either from a regional cancer network or through IR networks and 30 trusts (41%) did not have a referral pathway for disease-modifying procedures. CONCLUSION The provision of IO services in the UK is promising; however, collaborative networks are necessary to ensure disease-modifying IO procedures are made accessible to all patients and to facilitate larger registry data for research with commissioning of new services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Zhong
- Department of Clinical and Interventional Radiology, Institute of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter Atiiga
- Department of Clinical and Interventional Radiology, Institute of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Des J Alcorn
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Kay
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rowland Illing
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - David J Breen
- Department of Radiology, Southampton University Hospitals, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicholas Railton
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Ian J McCafferty
- Department of Radiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Philip J Haslam
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Tze Min Wah
- Department of Clinical and Interventional Radiology, Institute of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Vieira CB, de Abreu Corrêa A, de Jesus MS, Luz SLB, Wyn-Jones P, Kay D, Rocha MS, Miagostovich MP. The Impact of the Extreme Amazonian Flood Season on the Incidence of Viral Gastroenteritis Cases. Food Environ Virol 2017; 9:195-207. [PMID: 28160215 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-017-9280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During the Amazonian flood season in 2012, the Negro River reached its highest level in 110 years, submerging residential and commercial areas which appeared associated with an elevation in the observed gastroenteritis cases in the city of Manaus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological water quality of the Negro River basin during this extreme flood to investigate this apparent association between the illness cases and the population exposed to the contaminated waters. Forty water samples were collected and analysed for classic and emerging enteric viruses. Human adenoviruses, group A rotaviruses and genogroup II noroviruses were detected in 100, 77.5 and 27.5% of the samples, respectively, in concentrations of 103-106 GC/L. All samples were compliant with local bacteriological standards. HAdV2 and 41 and RVA G2, P[6], and P[8] were characterised. Astroviruses, sapoviruses, genogroup IV noroviruses, klasseviruses, bocaviruses and aichiviruses were not detected. Statistical analyses showed correlations between river stage level and reported gastroenteritis cases and, also, significant differences between virus concentrations during this extreme event when compared with normal dry seasons and previous flood seasons of the Negro River. These findings suggest an association between the extreme flood experienced and gastrointestinal cases in the affected areas providing circumstantial evidence of causality between the elevations in enteric viruses in surface waters and reported illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Baur Vieira
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Pavilhão Helio e Peggy Pereira, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Adriana de Abreu Corrêa
- Virological Diagnosis Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology (MIP), Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Rua Professor Hernani Melo, 101, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Michele Silva de Jesus
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Ecology in the Amazon, Leônidas & Maria Deane Institute (ILMD), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, AM, 69057-070, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luiz Bessa Luz
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Ecology in the Amazon, Leônidas & Maria Deane Institute (ILMD), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, AM, 69057-070, Brazil
| | - Peter Wyn-Jones
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DB, UK
| | - David Kay
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DB, UK
| | - Mônica Simões Rocha
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Pavilhão Helio e Peggy Pereira, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Pavilhão Helio e Peggy Pereira, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
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Foy BH, Kay D. A computational comparison of the multiple-breath washout and forced oscillation technique as markers of bronchoconstriction. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 240:61-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Goranova T, Ennis D, Piskorz AM, Macintyre G, Lewsley LA, Stobo J, Wilson C, Kay D, Glasspool RM, Lockley M, Brockbank E, Montes A, Walther A, Sundar S, Edmondson R, Hall GD, Clamp A, Gourley C, Hall M, Fotopoulou C, Gabra H, Freeman S, Moore L, Jimenez-Linan M, Paul J, Brenton JD, McNeish IA. Safety and utility of image-guided research biopsies in relapsed high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma-experience of the BriTROC consortium. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:1294-1301. [PMID: 28359078 PMCID: PMC5482731 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating tumour evolution and acquired chemotherapy resistance requires analysis of sequential tumour material. We describe the feasibility of obtaining research biopsies in women with relapsed ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). METHODS Women with relapsed ovarian HGSC underwent either image-guided biopsy or intra-operative biopsy during secondary debulking, and samples were fixed in methanol-based fixative. Tagged-amplicon sequencing was performed on biopsy DNA. RESULTS We screened 519 patients in order to enrol 220. Two hundred and two patients underwent successful biopsy, 118 of which were image-guided. There were 22 study-related adverse events (AE) in the image-guided biopsies, all grades 1 and 2; pain was the commonest AE. There were pre-specified significant AE in 3/118 biopsies (2.5%). 87% biopsies were fit-for-purpose for genomic analyses. Median DNA yield was 2.87 μg, and was higher in biopsies utilising 14 G or 16 G needles compared to 18 G. TP53 mutations were identified in 94.4% patients. CONCLUSIONS Obtaining tumour biopsies for research in relapsed HGSC is safe and feasible. Adverse events are rare. The large majority of biopsies yield sufficient DNA for genomic analyses-we recommend use of larger gauge needles and methanol fixation for such biopsies, as DNA yields are higher but with no increase in AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goranova
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - D Ennis
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - A M Piskorz
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - G Macintyre
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - L A Lewsley
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - J Stobo
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - C Wilson
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - D Kay
- Department of Radiology, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - R M Glasspool
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - M Lockley
- Barts Cancer Institute, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- University College Hospital, London WC1E 6BD, UK
| | | | - A Montes
- Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - A Walther
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, Bristol BS2 8ED, UK
| | - S Sundar
- City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK
| | | | - G D Hall
- St James Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - A Clamp
- The Christie Hospital, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - C Gourley
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - M Hall
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood HA6 2RN, UK
| | | | - H Gabra
- Imperial College, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - S Freeman
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - L Moore
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - J Paul
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - J D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - I A McNeish
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
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Berger L, Bordas R, Kay D, Tavener S. A stabilized finite element method for finite-strain three-field poroelasticity. Comput Mech 2017; 60:51-68. [PMID: 32025072 PMCID: PMC6979590 DOI: 10.1007/s00466-017-1381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We construct a stabilized finite-element method to compute flow and finite-strain deformations in an incompressible poroelastic medium. We employ a three-field mixed formulation to calculate displacement, fluid flux and pressure directly and introduce a Lagrange multiplier to enforce flux boundary conditions. We use a low order approximation, namely, continuous piecewise-linear approximation for the displacements and fluid flux, and piecewise-constant approximation for the pressure. This results in a simple matrix structure with low bandwidth. The method is stable in both the limiting cases of small and large permeability. Moreover, the discontinuous pressure space enables efficient approximation of steep gradients such as those occurring due to rapidly changing material coefficients or boundary conditions, both of which are commonly seen in physical and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Berger
- Innersight Labs, 7 Astbury House, Lambeth Walk, London, SE11 6LZ UK
| | - Rafel Bordas
- Roxar Ltd, Emerson Process Management, Northbrook House, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GA UK
| | - David Kay
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Wolfson Building, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QD UK
| | - Simon Tavener
- Department of Mathematics, 100 Statistics Building, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
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Sandow T, Albar A, Gulotta P, Bennett G, Galliano G, DeVun D, Kirsch D, Gimenez J, Malkerneker D, Gilbert P, Bohorquez H, Kay D. Tumor grade and primary treatment response following DEB-TACE for hepatocellular carcinoma based on liver explant. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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36
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Sandow T, Albar A, Gulotta P, Bennett G, Galliano G, DeVun D, Kirsch D, Gimenez J, Malkerneker D, Gilbert P, Bohorquez H, Kay D. Primary treatment response based on tumor explant morphology in HCC following DEB-TACE. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Foy BH, Kay D, Bordas R. Modelling responses of the inert-gas washout and MRI to bronchoconstriction. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 235:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kay
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Royal Victoria Infirmary Newcastle upon Tyne
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39
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Vieira CB, de Abreu Corrêa A, de Jesus MS, Luz SLB, Wyn-Jones P, Kay D, Vargha M, Miagostovich MP. Viruses Surveillance Under Different Season Scenarios of the Negro River Basin, Amazonia, Brazil. Food Environ Virol 2016; 8:57-69. [PMID: 26783031 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-016-9226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Negro River is located in the Amazon basin, the largest hydrological catchment in the world. Its water is used for drinking, domestic activities, recreation and transportation and water quality is significantly affected by anthropogenic impacts. The goals of this study were to determine the presence and concentrations of the main viral etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis, such as group A rotavirus (RVA) and genogroup II norovirus (NoV GII), and to assess the use of human adenovirus (HAdV) and JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) as viral indicators of human faecal contamination in the aquatic environment of Manaus under different hydrological scenarios. Water samples were collected along Negro River and in small streams known as igarapés. Viruses were concentrated by an organic flocculation method and detected by quantitative PCR. From 272 samples analysed, HAdV was detected in 91.9%, followed by JCPyV (69.5%), RVA (23.9%) and NoV GII (7.4%). Viral concentrations ranged from 10(2) to 10(6) GC L(-1) and viruses were more likely to be detected during the flood season, with the exception of NoV GII, which was detected only during the dry season. Statistically significant differences on virus concentrations between dry and flood seasons were observed only for RVA. The HAdV data provides a useful complement to faecal indicator bacteria in the monitoring of aquatic environments. Overall results demonstrated that the hydrological cycle of the Negro River in the Amazon Basin affects the dynamics of viruses in aquatic environments and, consequently, the exposure of citizens to these waterborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Baur Vieira
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Pavilhão Helio e Peggy Pereira, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Adriana de Abreu Corrêa
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Pavilhão Helio e Peggy Pereira, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Michele Silva de Jesus
- Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, AM, 69057-070, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luiz Bessa Luz
- Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, AM, 69057-070, Brazil
| | - Peter Wyn-Jones
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DB, UK
| | - David Kay
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DB, UK
| | - Marta Vargha
- Department of Water Hygiene, National Institute for Environmental Health, Gyáli út 2-6, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Pavilhão Helio e Peggy Pereira, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
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Oliver DM, Porter KDH, Pachepsky YA, Muirhead RW, Reaney SM, Coffey R, Kay D, Milledge DG, Hong E, Anthony SG, Page T, Bloodworth JW, Mellander PE, Carbonneau PE, McGrane SJ, Quilliam RS. Predicting microbial water quality with models: Over-arching questions for managing risk in agricultural catchments. Sci Total Environ 2016; 544:39-47. [PMID: 26657248 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The application of models to predict concentrations of faecal indicator organisms (FIOs) in environmental systems plays an important role for guiding decision-making associated with the management of microbial water quality. In recent years there has been an increasing demand by policy-makers for models to help inform FIO dynamics in order to prioritise efforts for environmental and human-health protection. However, given the limited evidence-base on which FIO models are built relative to other agricultural pollutants (e.g. nutrients) it is imperative that the end-user expectations of FIO models are appropriately managed. In response, this commentary highlights four over-arching questions associated with: (i) model purpose; (ii) modelling approach; (iii) data availability; and (iv) model application, that must be considered as part of good practice prior to the deployment of any modelling approach to predict FIO behaviour in catchment systems. A series of short and longer-term research priorities are proposed in response to these questions in order to promote better model deployment in the field of catchment microbial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Oliver
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Kenneth D H Porter
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Yakov A Pachepsky
- USDA ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Richard W Muirhead
- AgResearch Ltd, Land & Environment, Invermay Research Centre, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand
| | - Sim M Reaney
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Rory Coffey
- School of Biosystems Engineering, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Kay
- Centre for Research into Environment & Health, Aberystwyth University, Wales SY23 3DB, UK
| | | | - Eunmi Hong
- USDA ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Steven G Anthony
- ADAS Group Ltd, HQ Pendeford House, Pendeford Business Park, Wolverhampton WV9 5AP, UK
| | - Trevor Page
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Jack W Bloodworth
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Per-Erik Mellander
- TEAGASC, Agricultural Catchments Programme, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland
| | | | - Scott J McGrane
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Richard S Quilliam
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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Oliver DM, Hanley ND, van Niekerk M, Kay D, Heathwaite AL, Rabinovici SJM, Kinzelman JL, Fleming LE, Porter J, Shaikh S, Fish R, Chilton S, Hewitt J, Connolly E, Cummins A, Glenk K, McPhail C, McRory E, McVittie A, Giles A, Roberts S, Simpson K, Tinch D, Thairs T, Avery LM, Vinten AJA, Watts BD, Quilliam RS. Molecular tools for bathing water assessment in Europe: Balancing social science research with a rapidly developing environmental science evidence-base. Ambio 2016; 45:52-62. [PMID: 26392185 PMCID: PMC4709354 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-015-0698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of molecular tools, principally qPCR, versus traditional culture-based methods for quantifying microbial parameters (e.g., Fecal Indicator Organisms) in bathing waters generates considerable ongoing debate at the science-policy interface. Advances in science have allowed the development and application of molecular biological methods for rapid (~2 h) quantification of microbial pollution in bathing and recreational waters. In contrast, culture-based methods can take between 18 and 96 h for sample processing. Thus, molecular tools offer an opportunity to provide a more meaningful statement of microbial risk to water-users by providing near-real-time information enabling potentially more informed decision-making with regard to water-based activities. However, complementary studies concerning the potential costs and benefits of adopting rapid methods as a regulatory tool are in short supply. We report on findings from an international Working Group that examined the breadth of social impacts, challenges, and research opportunities associated with the application of molecular tools to bathing water regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Oliver
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Nick D Hanley
- Department of Geography & Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9AL, UK.
| | - Melanie van Niekerk
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - David Kay
- Centre for Research into Environment & Health, Aberystwyth University, Wales, SA48 8HU, UK.
| | | | | | - Julie L Kinzelman
- City of Racine Health Department Laboratory, 730 Washington Avenue, Racine, WI, 53403, USA.
| | - Lora E Fleming
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro Cornwall, TR1 3HD, UK.
| | - Jonathan Porter
- National Laboratory Service, Environment Agency, Starcross, Devon, EX6 8FD, UK.
| | - Sabina Shaikh
- University of Chicago, 5828 S University Avenue, Pick 121, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Rob Fish
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK.
| | - Sue Chilton
- Newcastle University Business School, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4SE, UK.
| | - Julie Hewitt
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Economic and Environmental Assessment Branch, Office of Science and Technology, Office of Water, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Elaine Connolly
- Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, Nobel House, 17 Smith Square, London, SW1P 3JR, UK.
| | - Andy Cummins
- Surfers Against Sewage, Unit 2, Wheal Kitty Workshops, St Agnes, Cornwall, TR5 0RD, UK.
| | - Klaus Glenk
- Land Economy, Environment & Society, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
| | - Calum McPhail
- Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Eurocentral, North Lanarkshire, ML1 4WQ, UK.
| | - Eric McRory
- Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Stirling, FK9 4TZ, UK.
| | - Alistair McVittie
- Land Economy, Environment & Society, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
| | - Amanna Giles
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol, BS1 5AH, UK.
| | - Suzanne Roberts
- Keep Scotland Beautiful, Glendevon House, Castle Business Park, Stirling, FK9 4TZ, UK.
| | - Katherine Simpson
- Economics, Stirling Management School, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Dugald Tinch
- School of Economics & Finance, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - Ted Thairs
- UK Water Industry Research Ltd, 8th Floor, 50 Broadway, London, SW1H 0RG, UK.
| | - Lisa M Avery
- Environmental & Biochemical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, Scotland, UK.
| | - Andy J A Vinten
- Social, Economic & Geographical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, Scotland, UK.
| | - Bill D Watts
- Institute of Environment, Health & Societies, Brunel University, London, UK.
| | - Richard S Quilliam
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
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Abstract
This paper reviews the latest evidence provided by epidemiological studies and quantitative microbial risk assessments (QMRAs) of infection risk from recreational water use. Studies for review were selected following a PubMed search for articles published between January 2010 and April 2014. Epidemiological studies show a generally elevated risk of gastrointestinal illness in bathers compared to non-bathers but often no clear association with water quality as measured by faecal indicator bacteria; this is especially true where study sites are impacted by non-point source pollution. Evidence from QMRAs support the lack of a consistent water quality association for non-point source-impacted beaches. It is suggested that source attribution, through quantified microbial source apportionment, linked with appropriate use of microbial source tracking methods should be employed as an integral part of future epidemiological surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Fewtrell
- Centre for Research into Environment and Health (CREH), Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DB UK
| | - David Kay
- Centre for Research into Environment and Health (CREH), Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DB UK
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Berger L, Bordas R, Burrowes K, Grau V, Tavener S, Kay D. A poroelastic model coupled to a fluid network with applications in lung modelling. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2016; 32:e02731. [PMID: 26100614 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We develop a lung ventilation model based on a continuum poroelastic representation of lung parenchyma that is strongly coupled to a pipe network representation of the airway tree. The continuous system of equations is discretized using a low-order stabilised finite element method. The framework is applied to a realistic lung anatomical model derived from computed tomography data and an artificially generated airway tree to model the conducting airway region. Numerical simulations produce physiologically realistic solutions and demonstrate the effect of airway constriction and reduced tissue elasticity on ventilation, tissue stress and alveolar pressure distribution. The key advantage of the model is the ability to provide insight into the mutual dependence between ventilation and deformation. This is essential when studying lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary fibrosis. Thus the model can be used to form a better understanding of integrated lung mechanics in both the healthy and diseased states. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Berger
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Wolfson Building Parks, Road, OX1 3QD, Oxford, UK
| | - Rafel Bordas
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Wolfson Building Parks, Road, OX1 3QD, Oxford, UK
| | - Kelly Burrowes
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Wolfson Building Parks, Road, OX1 3QD, Oxford, UK
| | - Vicente Grau
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Simon Tavener
- Department of Mathematics, Colorado State University, Weber Building, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - David Kay
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Wolfson Building Parks, Road, OX1 3QD, Oxford, UK
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Kim M, Bordas R, Vos W, Hartley RA, Brightling CE, Kay D, Grau V, Burrowes KS. Dynamic flow characteristics in normal and asthmatic lungs. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2015; 31:n/a-n/a. [PMID: 26033976 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Complex flow patterns exist within the asymmetric branching airway network in the lungs. These flow patterns are known to become increasingly heterogeneous during disease as a result of various mechanisms such as bronchoconstriction or alterations in lung tissue compliance. Here, we present a coupled model of tissue deformation and network airflow enabling predictions of dynamic flow properties, including temporal flow rate, pressure distribution, and the occurrence of reverse flows. We created two patient-specific airway geometries, one for a healthy subject and one for a severe asthmatic subject, derived using a combination of high-resolution CT data and a volume-filling branching algorithm. In addition, we created virtually constricted airway geometry by reducing the airway radii of the healthy subject model. The flow model was applied to these three different geometries to solve the pressure and flow distribution over a breathing cycle. The differences in wave phase of the flows in parallel airways induced by asymmetric airway geometry and bidirectional interaction between intra-acinar and airway network pressures were small in central airways but were more evident in peripheral airways. The asthmatic model showed elevated ventilation heterogeneity and significant flow disturbance. The reverse flows in the asthmatic model not only altered the local flow characteristics but also affected total lung resistance. The clinical significance of temporal flow disturbance on lung ventilation in normal airway model is obscure. However, increased flow disturbance and ventilation heterogeneity observed in the asthmatic model suggests that reverse flow may be an important factor for asthmatic lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsuok Kim
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rafel Bordas
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wim Vos
- FluidDA, Groeningenlei 132, Kontich, 2550, Belgium
| | - Ruth A Hartley
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Chris E Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David Kay
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vicente Grau
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kelly S Burrowes
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Cross A, Rosenbaum P, Grahovac D, Kay D, Gorter JW. Knowledge mobilization to spread awareness of the 'F-words' in childhood disability: lessons from a family-researcher partnership. Child Care Health Dev 2015; 41:947-53. [PMID: 25865031 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2012, two CanChild researchers published an article in Child: Care, Health and Development titled 'The "F-words" in childhood disability: I swear this is how we should think!' Building on the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework, the article featured key strengths-based ICF themes (i.e. the 'F-words' - Function, Family, Fitness, Fun, Friends and Future). This paper reports on a knowledge mobilization initiative designed to spread awareness of the 'F-words' ideas. METHODS Families and researchers collaborated to develop, disseminate and evaluate an online awareness video. The video used written descriptions, parents' reflections and their pictures, music and graphics to captivate the audience. Posted on the CanChild website in May 2014, information about the video was distributed via various dissemination strategies and evaluated by tracking its views and through an online survey. RESULTS After a 2-month evaluation, there were 715 views and 137 survey responses. Of the survey responses, 89% lived in Canada, 55% had not previously heard of the 'F-words', 98% 'extremely liked'/'liked the ideas' and 88% indicated they would share the video. CONCLUSIONS By creating a short and captivating video, we were able to spread awareness to a wide audience in a short period of time. Engaging families throughout the project was critical to the success of the video. By working together, we hope to continue bridging research and practice and moving the 'F-words' concepts forward one 'word' at a time.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cross
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - P Rosenbaum
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Grahovac
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Kay
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J W Gorter
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Rusiñol M, Fernandez-Cassi X, Timoneda N, Carratalà A, Abril JF, Silvera C, Figueras MJ, Gelati E, Rodó X, Kay D, Wyn-Jones P, Bofill-Mas S, Girones R. Evidence of viral dissemination and seasonality in a Mediterranean river catchment: Implications for water pollution management. J Environ Manage 2015; 159:58-67. [PMID: 26046988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Conventional wastewater treatment does not completely remove and/or inactive viruses; consequently, viruses excreted by the population can be detected in the environment. This study was undertaken to investigate the distribution and seasonality of human viruses and faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in a river catchment located in a typical Mediterranean climate region and to discuss future trends in relation to climate change. Sample matrices included river water, untreated and treated wastewater from a wastewater treatment plant within the catchment area, and seawater from potentially impacted bathing water. Five viruses were analysed in the study. Human adenovirus (HAdV) and JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) were analysed as indicators of human faecal contamination of human pathogens; both were reported in urban wastewater (mean values of 10(6) and 10(5) GC/L, respectively), river water (10(3) and 10(2) GC/L) and seawater (10(2) and 10(1) GC/L). Human Merkel Cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), which is associated with Merkel Cell carcinoma, was detected in 75% of the raw wastewater samples (31/37) and quantified by a newly developed quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay with mean concentrations of 10(4) GC/L. This virus is related to skin cancer in susceptible individuals and was found in 29% and 18% of river water and seawater samples, respectively. Seasonality was only observed for norovirus genogroup II (NoV GGII), which was more abundant in cold months with levels up to 10(4) GC/L in river water. Human hepatitis E virus (HEV) was detected in 13.5% of the wastewater samples when analysed by nested PCR (nPCR). Secondary biological treatment (i.e., activated sludge) and tertiary sewage disinfection including chlorination, flocculation and UV radiation removed between 2.22 and 4.52 log10 of the viral concentrations. Climate projections for the Mediterranean climate areas and the selected river catchment estimate general warming and changes in precipitation distribution. Persistent decreases in precipitation during summer can lead to a higher presence of human viruses because river and sea water present the highest viral concentrations during warmer months. In a global context, wastewater management will be the key to preventing environmental dispersion of human faecal pathogens in future climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rusiñol
- Laboratory of Virus Contaminants of Water and Food, Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Fernandez-Cassi
- Laboratory of Virus Contaminants of Water and Food, Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Natàlia Timoneda
- Laboratory of Virus Contaminants of Water and Food, Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Carratalà
- Laboratory of Virus Contaminants of Water and Food, Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Francesc Abril
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Computational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carolina Silvera
- Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV, University Rovira and Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria José Figueras
- Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV, University Rovira and Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Emiliano Gelati
- Catalan Institute of Climate Sciences (IC3), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Rodó
- Catalan Institute of Climate Sciences (IC3), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - David Kay
- Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences (IGES), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Wyn-Jones
- Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences (IGES), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Sílvia Bofill-Mas
- Laboratory of Virus Contaminants of Water and Food, Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosina Girones
- Laboratory of Virus Contaminants of Water and Food, Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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McLennan R, Schumacher LJ, Morrison JA, Teddy JM, Ridenour DA, Box AC, Semerad CL, Li H, McDowell W, Kay D, Maini PK, Baker RE, Kulesa PM. VEGF signals induce trailblazer cell identity that drives neural crest migration. Dev Biol 2015; 407:12-25. [PMID: 26278036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic neural crest cells travel in discrete streams to precise locations throughout the head and body. We previously showed that cranial neural crest cells respond chemotactically to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and that cells within the migratory front have distinct behaviors and gene expression. We proposed a cell-induced gradient model in which lead neural crest cells read out directional information from a chemoattractant profile and instruct trailers to follow. In this study, we show that migrating chick neural crest cells do not display distinct lead and trailer gene expression profiles in culture. However, exposure to VEGF in vitro results in the upregulation of a small subset of genes associated with an in vivo lead cell signature. Timed addition and removal of VEGF in culture reveals the changes in neural crest cell gene expression are rapid. A computational model incorporating an integrate-and-switch mechanism between cellular phenotypes predicts migration efficiency is influenced by the timescale of cell behavior switching. To test the model hypothesis that neural crest cellular phenotypes respond to changes in the VEGF chemoattractant profile, we presented ectopic sources of VEGF to the trailer neural crest cell subpopulation and show diverted cell trajectories and stream alterations consistent with model predictions. Gene profiling of trailer cells that diverted and encountered VEGF revealed upregulation of a subset of 'lead' genes. Injection of neuropilin1 (Np1)-Fc into the trailer subpopulation or electroporation of VEGF morpholino to reduce VEGF signaling failed to alter trailer neural crest cell trajectories, suggesting trailers do not require VEGF to maintain coordinated migration. These results indicate that VEGF is one of the signals that establishes lead cell identity and its chemoattractant profile is critical to neural crest cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca McLennan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Linus J Schumacher
- University of Oxford, Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK; Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QD, UK
| | - Jason A Morrison
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jessica M Teddy
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Dennis A Ridenour
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Andrew C Box
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Craig L Semerad
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - William McDowell
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - David Kay
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QD, UK
| | - Philip K Maini
- University of Oxford, Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Ruth E Baker
- University of Oxford, Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Paul M Kulesa
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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48
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McLennan R, Schumacher LJ, Morrison JA, Teddy JM, Ridenour DA, Box AC, Semerad CL, Li H, McDowell W, Kay D, Maini PK, Baker RE, Kulesa PM. Neural crest migration is driven by a few trailblazer cells with a unique molecular signature narrowly confined to the invasive front. J Cell Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.174714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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McLennan R, Schumacher LJ, Morrison JA, Teddy JM, Ridenour DA, Box AC, Semerad CL, Li H, McDowell W, Kay D, Maini PK, Baker RE, Kulesa PM. Neural crest migration is driven by a few trailblazer cells with a unique molecular signature narrowly confined to the invasive front. Development 2015; 142:2014-25. [PMID: 25977364 DOI: 10.1242/dev.117507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) cell migration is crucial to the formation of peripheral tissues during vertebrate development. However, how NC cells respond to different microenvironments to maintain persistence of direction and cohesion in multicellular streams remains unclear. To address this, we profiled eight subregions of a typical cranial NC cell migratory stream. Hierarchical clustering showed significant differences in the expression profiles of the lead three subregions compared with newly emerged cells. Multiplexed imaging of mRNA expression using fluorescent hybridization chain reaction (HCR) quantitatively confirmed the expression profiles of lead cells. Computational modeling predicted that a small fraction of lead cells that detect directional information is optimal for successful stream migration. Single-cell profiling then revealed a unique molecular signature that is consistent and stable over time in a subset of lead cells within the most advanced portion of the migratory front, which we term trailblazers. Model simulations that forced a lead cell behavior in the trailing subpopulation predicted cell bunching near the migratory domain entrance. Misexpression of the trailblazer molecular signature by perturbation of two upstream transcription factors agreed with the in silico prediction and showed alterations to NC cell migration distance and stream shape. These data are the first to characterize the molecular diversity within an NC cell migratory stream and offer insights into how molecular patterns are transduced into cell behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca McLennan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Linus J Schumacher
- Oxford University, Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK Computer Science, Oxford University, Wolfson Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QD, UK
| | - Jason A Morrison
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jessica M Teddy
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Dennis A Ridenour
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Andrew C Box
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Craig L Semerad
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - William McDowell
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - David Kay
- Oxford University, Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK Computer Science, Oxford University, Wolfson Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QD, UK
| | - Philip K Maini
- Oxford University, Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Ruth E Baker
- Oxford University, Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Paul M Kulesa
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Burrowes K, Doel T, Kim M, Vargas C, Roca J, Grau V, Kay D. A combined image-modelling approach assessing the impact of hyperinflation due to emphysema on regional ventilation–perfusion matching. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/21681163.2015.1023358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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