1
|
Ma Q, Meng M, Zhou X, Guo W, Feng K, Huang T, Cai YD. Identification of Key Genes in Fetal Gut Development at Single-Cell Level by Exploiting Machine Learning Techniques. Proteomics 2024:e202400104. [PMID: 39324223 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202400104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The study of fetal gut development is critical due to its substantial influence on immediate neonatal and long-term adult health. Current research largely focuses on microbiome colonization, gut immunity, and barrier function, alongside the impact of external factors on these phenomena. Limited research has been dedicated to the categorization of developing fetal gut cells. Our study aimed to enhance our understanding of fetal gut development by employing advanced machine-learning techniques on single-cell sequencing data. This dataset consisted of 62,849 samples, each characterized by 33,694 distinct gene features. Four feature ranking algorithms were utilized to sort features according to their significance, resulting in four feature lists. Then, these lists were fed into an incremental feature selection method to extract essential genes, classification rules, and build efficient classifiers. Several important genes were recognized by multiple feature ranking algorithms, such as FGG, MDK, RBP1, RBP2, IGFBP7, and SPON2. These features were key in differentiating specific developing intestinal cells, including epithelial, immune, mesenchymal, and vasculature cells of the colon, duo jejunum, and ileum cells. The classification rules showed special gene expression patterns on some intestinal cell types and the efficient classifiers can be useful tools for identifying intestinal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- QingLan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Meng
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - XianChao Zhou
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - KaiYan Feng
- Department of Computer Science, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nie Y, Lin T, Yang Y, Liu W, Hu Q, Chen G, Huang L, Wu H, Kong C, Lei Z, Guo J. The downregulation of tight junction proteins and pIgR in the colonic epithelium causes the susceptibility of EpCAM +/- mice to colitis and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1442611. [PMID: 39188786 PMCID: PMC11345229 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1442611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic factors play important roles on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). EpCAM is highly expressed in the intestinal epithelium. It is still unclear if the decrease or somatic mutation of EpCAM could cause IBD. Methods The WT and EpCAM+/- mice were administrated with DSS intermittently for nearly 8 weeks. The colon, liver and feces were harvested to check the morphological and histological changes, the expression of inflammatory genes and the gut microbiota via H&E staining, immunofluorescence, qPCR, western blot and 16S rDNA sequence assays. Results The DSS administration induced more serious inflammation in the colon of EpCAM+/- mice than WT mice. Compared to DSS-induced WT mice, the transcriptional levels of IL-6, F4/80, Ly6g, Ly6d and Igha were significantly higher in the colon of DSS-induced EpCAM+/- mice. The protein levels of MMP7 and MMP8 and the activation of JNK, ERK1/2 and p38 were significantly increased in the colon of DSS-induced EpCAM+/- mice. The protein levels of CLDN1, CLDN2, CLDN3, CLDN7, OCLD, ZO-1 and pIgR were significantly decreased in the colon of DSS-induced EpCAM+/- mice. The serum concentration of LPS was significantly higher in the DSS-induced EpCAM+/- mice which caused the acute inflammation in the liver of them. The expression of Pigr was significantly reduced in the liver of DSS-induced EpCAM+/- mice. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes at the phylum level was higher in the gut microbiota of EpCAM+/- mice than WT mice. Conclusion In conclusion, the heterozygous mutation of EpCAM increased the susceptibility to colitis, gut microbiota dysbiosis and liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Nie
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanwan Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibin Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunjie Kong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zili Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Apostolova D, Apostolov G, Moten D, Batsalova T, Dzhambazov B. Claudin-12: guardian of the tissue barrier or friend of tumor cells. Tissue Barriers 2024:2387408. [PMID: 39087432 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2024.2387408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are an important component of cellular connectivity. Claudin family proteins, as a constituent of TJs, determine their barrier properties, cell polarity and paracellular permeability. Claudin-12 is an atypical member of the claudin family, as it belongs to the group of non-classical claudins that lack a PDZ-binding domain. It has been shown that claudin-12 is involved in paracellular Ca2+ transients and it is present in normal and hyperplastic tissues in addition to neoplastic tissues. Dysregulation of claudin-12 expression has been reported in various cancers, suggesting that this protein may play an important role in cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Some studies have shown that claudin-12 gene functions as a tumor suppressor, but others have reported that overexpression of claudin-12 significantly increases the metastatic properties of various tumor cells. Investigating this dual role of claudin-12 is of utmost importance and should therefore be studied in detail. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the information available to date on claudin-12, including its structure, expression in various tissues and substances that may affect it, with a final focus on its role in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desislava Apostolova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Apostolov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Dzhemal Moten
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelina Batsalova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Balik Dzhambazov
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghiandai V, Grassi ES, Gazzano G, Fugazzola L, Persani L. Characterization of EpCAM in thyroid cancer biology by three-dimensional spheroids in vitro model. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:196. [PMID: 38835027 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. Nowadays, undifferentiated thyroid cancers (UTCs) are still lethal, mostly due to the insurgence of therapy resistance and disease relapse. These events are believed to be caused by a subpopulation of cancer cells with stem-like phenotype and specific tumor-initiating abilities, known as tumor-initiating cells (TICs). A comprehensive understanding of how to isolate and target these cells is necessary. Here we provide insights into the role that the protein Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM), a known TICs marker for other solid tumors, may have in TC biology, thus considering EpCAM a potential marker of thyroid TICs in UTCs. METHODS The characterization of EpCAM was accomplished through Western Blot and Immunofluorescence on patient-derived tissue samples, adherent cell cultures, and 3D sphere cultures of poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cell lines. The frequency of tumor cells with putative tumor-initiating ability within the 3D cultures was assessed through extreme limiting dilution analysis (ELDA). EpCAM proteolytic cleavages were studied through treatments with different cleavages' inhibitors. To evaluate the involvement of EpCAM in inducing drug resistance, Vemurafenib (PLX-4032) treatments were assessed through MTT assay. RESULTS Variable EpCAM expression pattern was observed in TC tissue samples, with increased cleavage in the more UTC. We demonstrated that EpCAM is subjected to an intense cleavage process in ATC-derived 3D tumor spheres and that the 3D model faithfully mimics what was observed in patient's samples. We also proved that the integrity of the protein appears to be crucial for the generation of 3D spheres, and its expression and cleavage in a 3D system could contribute to drug resistance in thyroid TICs. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide novel information on the role of EpCAM expression and cleavage in the biology of thyroid TICs, and our 3D model reflects the variability of EpCAM cleavage observed in tissue samples. EpCAM evaluation could play a role in clinical decisions regarding patient therapy since its expression and cleavage may have a fundamental role in the switch to a drug-resistant phenotype of UTC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viola Ghiandai
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Stellaria Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gazzano
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fugazzola
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Higashi T, Saito AC, Chiba H. Damage control of epithelial barrier function in dynamic environments. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151410. [PMID: 38579602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues cover the surfaces and lumens of the internal organs of multicellular animals and crucially contribute to internal environment homeostasis by delineating distinct compartments within the body. This vital role is known as epithelial barrier function. Epithelial cells are arranged like cobblestones and intricately bind together to form an epithelial sheet that upholds this barrier function. Central to the restriction of solute and fluid diffusion through intercellular spaces are occluding junctions, tight junctions in vertebrates and septate junctions in invertebrates. As part of epithelial tissues, cells undergo constant renewal, with older cells being replaced by new ones. Simultaneously, the epithelial tissue undergoes relative rearrangement, elongating, and shifting directionally as a whole. The movement or shape changes within the epithelial sheet necessitate significant deformation and reconnection of occluding junctions. Recent advancements have shed light on the intricate mechanisms through which epithelial cells sustain their barrier function in dynamic environments. This review aims to introduce these noteworthy findings and discuss some of the questions that remain unanswered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Higashi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Akira C Saito
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hideki Chiba
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiao D, Xiong M, Wang X, Lyu M, Sun H, Cui Y, Chen C, Jiang Z, Sun F. Regulation of the Function and Expression of EpCAM. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1129. [PMID: 38791091 PMCID: PMC11117676 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a single transmembrane protein on the cell surface. Given its strong expression on epithelial cells and epithelial cell-derived tumors, EpCAM has been identified as a biomarker for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes and a target for cancer therapy. As a cell adhesion molecule, EpCAM has a crystal structure that indicates that it forms a cis-dimer first and then probably a trans-tetramer to mediate intercellular adhesion. Through regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), EpCAM and its proteolytic fragments are also able to regulate multiple signaling pathways, Wnt signaling in particular. Although great progress has been made, increasingly more findings have revealed the context-specific expression and function patterns of EpCAM and their regulation processes, which necessitates further studies to determine the structure, function, and expression of EpCAM under both physiological and pathological conditions, broadening its application in basic and translational cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Xiao
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Mingrui Xiong
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Mengqing Lyu
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Hanxiang Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Yeting Cui
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Ziyu Jiang
- Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Fan Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; (D.X.); (M.X.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.S.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rickman OJ, Guignard E, Chabanon T, Bertoldi G, Auberson M, Hummler E. Tmprss2 maintains epithelial barrier integrity and transepithelial sodium transport. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302304. [PMID: 38171596 PMCID: PMC10765116 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The mouse cortical collecting duct cell line presents a tight epithelium with regulated ion and water transport. The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is localized in the apical membrane and constitutes the rate-limiting step for sodium entry, thereby enabling transepithelial transport of sodium ions. The membrane-bound serine protease Tmprss2 is co-expressed with the alpha subunit of ENaC. αENaC gene expression followed the Tmprss2 expression, and the absence of Tmprss2 resulted not only in down-regulation of αENaC gene and protein expression but also in abolished transepithelial sodium transport. In addition, RNA-sequencing analyses unveiled drastic down-regulation of the membrane-bound protease CAP3/St14, the epithelial adhesion molecule EpCAM, and the tight junction proteins claudin-7 and claudin-3 as also confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In summary, our data clearly demonstrate a dual role of Tmprss2 in maintaining not only ENaC-mediated transepithelial but also EpCAM/claudin-7-mediated paracellular barrier; the tight epithelium of the mouse renal mCCD cells becomes leaky. Our working model proposes that Tmprss2 acts via CAP3/St14 on EpCAM/claudin-7 tight junction complexes and through regulating transcription of αENaC on ENaC-mediated sodium transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J Rickman
- https://ror.org/019whta54 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emma Guignard
- https://ror.org/019whta54 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Chabanon
- https://ror.org/019whta54 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Bertoldi
- https://ror.org/019whta54 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Auberson
- https://ror.org/019whta54 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edith Hummler
- https://ror.org/019whta54 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun L, Li C, Zhao N, Wang B, Li H, Wang H, Zhang X, Zhao X. Host protein EPCAM interacting with EtMIC8-EGF is essential for attachment and invasion of Eimeria tenella in chickens. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106549. [PMID: 38281605 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The five epidermal growth factor-like domains (EGF) of Eimeria tenella microneme protein 8 (EtMIC8) (EtMIC8-EGF) plays a vital role in host cell attachment and invasion. These processes require interactions between parasite proteins and receptors on the surface of host cells. In this study, five chicken membrane proteins potentially interacting with EtMIC8-EGF were identified using the GST pull-down assay and mass spectrometry analysis, and only chicken (Gallus gallus) epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) could bind to EtMIC8-EGF. EPCAM-specific antibody and recombinant EPCAM protein (rEPCAM) inhibited the EtMIC8-EGF binding to host cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the rEPCAM protein showed a binding activity to sporozoites in vitro, and a significant reduction of E. tenella invasion in DF-1 cells was further observed after pre-incubation of sporozoites with rEPCAM. The specific anti-EPCAM antibody further significantly decreased weight loss, lesion score and oocyst output during E. tenella infection, displaying partial inhibition of E. tenella infection. These results indicate that chicken EPCAM is an important EtMIC8-interacting host protein involved in E. tenella-host cell adhesion and invasion. The findings will contribute to a better understanding of the role of adhesion-associated microneme proteins in E. tenella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding City, 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ningning Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bingxiang Wang
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Iwamoto S, Mori Y, Yamashita T, Ojima K, Akita K, Togano S, Kushiyama S, Yashiro M, Yatera Y, Yamaguchi T, Komiyama A, Sago Y, Itano N, Nakada H. Trophoblast cell surface antigen-2 phosphorylation triggered by binding of galectin-3 drives metastasis through down-regulation of E-cadherin. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104971. [PMID: 37380081 PMCID: PMC10392139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of trophoblast cell surface antigen-2 (Trop-2) is enhanced in many tumor tissues and is correlated with increased malignancy and poor survival of patients with cancer. Previously, we demonstrated that the Ser-322 residue of Trop-2 is phosphorylated by protein kinase Cα (PKCα) and PKCδ. Here, we demonstrate that phosphomimetic Trop-2 expressing cells have markedly decreased E-cadherin mRNA and protein levels. Consistently, mRNA and protein of the E-cadherin-repressing transcription factors zinc finger E-Box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) were elevated, suggesting transcriptional regulation of E-cadherin expression. The binding of galectin-3 to Trop-2 enhanced the phosphorylation and subsequent cleavage of Trop-2, followed by intracellular signaling by the resultant C-terminal fragment. Binding of β-catenin/transcription factor 4 (TCF4) along with the C-terminal fragment of Trop-2 to the ZEB1 promoter upregulated ZEB1 expression. Of note, siRNA-mediated knockdown of β-catenin and TCF4 increased the expression of E-cadherin through ZEB1 downregulation. Knockdown of Trop-2 in MCF-7 cells and DU145 cells resulted in downregulation of ZEB1 and subsequent upregulation of E-cadherin. Furthermore, wild-type and phosphomimetic Trop-2 but not phosphorylation-blocked Trop-2 were detected in the liver and/or lung of some nude mice bearing primary tumors inoculated intraperitoneally or subcutaneously with wild-type or mutated Trop-2 expressing cells, suggesting that Trop-2 phosphorylation, plays an important role in tumor cell mobility in vivo, too. Together with our previous finding of Trop-2 dependent regulation of claudin-7, we suggest that the Trop-2-mediated cascade involves concurrent derangement of both tight and adherence junctions, which may drive metastasis of epithelial tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shungo Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yugo Mori
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ojima
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaoru Akita
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shingo Togano
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kushiyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Yatera
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akane Komiyama
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Sago
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Itano
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakada
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cai X, Gao C, Ma L, Li C. Genome-wide identification, evolution and expression analysis of tight junction gene family and the immune roles of claudin5 gene in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Gene 2023:147541. [PMID: 37301449 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tight junction proteins (TJs) are important component proteins that maintaining the structure and function of TJs, connecting to each other to form a TJ complex between cells, maintaining the biological homeostasis of the internal environment. In this study, a total of 103 TJ genes were identified in turbot according to our whole-transcriptome database. Transmembrane TJs were divided into seven subfamilies, including claudin (CLDN), occludin (OCLD), tricellulin (MARVELD2), MARVEL domain containing 3 (MARVELD3), junctional adhesion molecules (JAM), immunoglobulin superfamily member 5 (IGSF5/JAM4), blood vessel epicardial substance (BVEs). Moreover, the majority of homologous pairs of TJ genes showed highly conserved alongside length, exon/intron number and motifs. As for phylogenetic analysis for 103 TJ genes, eight of them have undergone a positive selection and JAMB-like has undergone the most neutral evolution. The expression patterns of several TJ genes showed the lowest expression levels in blood, while the highest expression levels were detected in intestine, gill and skin, which all belong to mucosal tissues. Meanwhile, most examined TJ genes showed down-regulated expression patterns during bacterial infection, while several TJ genes exhibited up-regulated expression patterns at a later stage (24 h). At the same time, several potential candidate genes (such as CLDN-15, CLDN-3, CLDN-12, CLDN-5 and OCLD) were significantly down-regulated, which may indicate their important functions that involved in the regulation of bacterial infection. Currently, there is little research on CLDN5 in the intestine, but it is highly expressed in the intestine and has significant changes in intestinal expression after bacterial infection. Thus, we knocked down CLDN5 by the method of lentiviral infection. The result showed CLDN5 was related to cell migration (wound healing) and apoptosis, and the method of dualluciferasereporterassay showed that the functions of CLDN5 could be regulated by miR-24. The study of TJs may lead to a better understanding of the function of TJs in teleost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cai
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
| | - Chengbin Gao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
| | - Le Ma
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Omar FA, Brown TC, Gillanders WE, Fleming TP, Smith MA, Bremner RM, Sankpal NV. Cytosolic EpCAM cooperates with H-Ras to regulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition through ZEB1. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285707. [PMID: 37192201 PMCID: PMC10187930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Next generation sequencing of human cancer mutations has identified novel therapeutic targets. Activating Ras oncogene mutations play a central role in oncogenesis, and Ras-driven tumorigenesis upregulates an array of genes and signaling cascades that can transform normal cells into tumor cells. In this study, we investigated the role of altered localization of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in Ras-expressing cells. Analysis of microarray data demonstrated that Ras expression induced EpCAM expression in normal breast epithelial cells. Fluorescent and confocal microscopy showed that H-Ras mediated transformation also promoted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) together with EpCAM. To consistently localize EpCAM in the cytosol, we generated a cancer-associated EpCAM mutant (EpCAM-L240A) that is retained in the cytosol compartment. Normal MCF-10A cells were transduced with H-Ras together with EpCAM wild-type (WT) or EpCAM-L240A. WT-EpCAM marginally effected invasion, proliferation, and soft agar growth. EpCAM-L240A, however, markedly altered cells and transformed to mesenchymal phenotype. Ras-EpCAM-L240A expression also promoted expression of EMT factors FRA1, ZEB1 with inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and IL1. This altered morphology was reversed using MEK-specific inhibitors and to some extent JNK inhibition. Furthermore, these transformed cells were sensitized to apoptosis using paclitaxel and quercetin, but not other therapies. For the first time, we have demonstrated that EpCAM mutations can cooperate with H-Ras and promote EMT. Collectively, our results highlight future therapeutic opportunities in EpCAM and Ras mutated cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma A. Omar
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Taylor C. Brown
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - William E. Gillanders
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Timothy P. Fleming
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Smith
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ross M. Bremner
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Narendra V. Sankpal
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dressler FF, Hinrichs S, Roesch MC, Perner S. EpCAM tumor specificity and proteoform patterns in urothelial cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04809-9. [PMID: 37154925 PMCID: PMC10374485 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in cancer is still unclear. EpCAM cleavage through regulated intramembrane proteolysis results in fragments which interact with both oncogenic and tumor suppressive pathways. Additionally, the EpCAM molecule itself is used as a descriptive therapeutic target in urothelial cancer (UC), while data on its actual tumor specificity remain limited. METHODS Samples from diagnostic formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) UC tissue and fresh-frozen UC cells were immunoblotted and used for qualitative characterization of five different EpCAM fragments. These expression patterns were quantified across a cohort of 76 samples with 52 UC and 24 normal urothelial samples. Cell viability effects of the extracellular EpEX fragment were assessed in the UC cell lines T24 and HT1376. RESULTS The proteolytic EpCAM fragments could be identified in clinical FFPE tissue specimens too. Neither overall nor fragment-specific EpCAM expression showed relevant tumor specificity. EpEX and its deglycosylated variant showed an inverse relationship across healthy and tumor tissue with a decrease of deglycosylated EpEX in tumors. However, extracellular EpEX did not show a relevant effect in vitro. CONCLUSIONS EpCAM should not be regarded as tumor-specific in UC without patient-specific predictive testing. EpCAM fragment patterns indicate cancer-specific changes and could be involved in its complex tumor-biological role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franz F Dressler
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Sofie Hinrichs
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marie C Roesch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- Institute of Pathology and Hematopathology, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Muto H, Honda T, Tanaka T, Yokoyama S, Yamamoto K, Ito T, Imai N, Ishizu Y, Maeda K, Ishikawa T, Adachi S, Sato C, Tsuji NM, Ishigami M, Fujishiro M, Kawashima H. Proteomic Analysis Reveals Changes in Tight Junctions in the Small Intestinal Epithelium of Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061473. [PMID: 36986203 PMCID: PMC10056729 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on intestinal permeability has been well established. When bacteria and their metabolites from the intestinal tract flow into the portal vein, inflammation in the liver is triggered. However, the exact mechanism behind the development of a leaky gut caused by an HFD is unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the leaky gut related to an HFD. C57BL/6J mice were fed an HFD or control diet for 24 weeks, and their small intestine epithelial cells (IECs) were analyzed using deep quantitative proteomics. A significant increase in fat accumulation in the liver and a trend toward increased intestinal permeability were observed in the HFD group compared to the control group. Proteomics analysis of the upper small intestine epithelial cells identified 3684 proteins, of which 1032 were differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Functional analysis of DEPs showed significant enrichment of proteins related to endocytosis, protein transport, and tight junctions (TJ). Expression of Cldn7 was inversely correlated with intestinal barrier function and strongly correlated with that of Epcam. This study will make important foundational contributions by providing a comprehensive depiction of protein expression in IECs affected by HFD, including an indication that the Epcam/Cldn7 complex plays a role in leaky gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Muto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Taku Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takanori Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Norihiro Imai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoji Ishizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Keiko Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shungo Adachi
- Biological Systems Control Team, Biomedicinal Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Chikara Sato
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), Tsukuba University, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Biological Science Course, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan
- Division of Immune Homeostasis, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Life Technology and Science, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan
| | - Noriko M Tsuji
- Division of Immune Homeostasis, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Life Technology and Science, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan
- Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Nihon University, 22-870-1 Sakae-cho-nishi, Tokyo 271-8587, Japan
- Department of Food Science, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza 352-8510, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mueller JPJ, Dobosz M, O’Brien N, Abdoush N, Giusti AM, Lechmann M, Osl F, Wolf AK, Arellano-Viera E, Shaikh H, Sauer M, Rosenwald A, Herting F, Umaña P, Colombetti S, Pöschinger T, Beilhack A. ROCKETS - a novel one-for-all toolbox for light sheet microscopy in drug discovery. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1034032. [PMID: 36845124 PMCID: PMC9945347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1034032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancing novel immunotherapy strategies requires refined tools in preclinical research to thoroughly assess drug targets, biodistribution, safety, and efficacy. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) offers unprecedented fast volumetric ex vivo imaging of large tissue samples in high resolution. Yet, to date laborious and unstandardized tissue processing procedures have limited throughput and broader applications in immunological research. Therefore, we developed a simple and harmonized protocol for processing, clearing and imaging of all mouse organs and even entire mouse bodies. Applying this Rapid Optical Clearing Kit for Enhanced Tissue Scanning (ROCKETS) in combination with LSFM allowed us to comprehensively study the in vivo biodistribution of an antibody targeting Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) in 3D. Quantitative high-resolution scans of whole organs did not only reveal known EpCAM expression patterns but, importantly, uncovered several new EpCAM-binding sites. We identified gustatory papillae of the tongue, choroid plexi in the brain and duodenal papillae as previously unanticipated locations of high EpCAM expression. Subsequently, we confirmed high EpCAM expression also in human tongue and duodenal specimens. Choroid plexi and duodenal papillae may be considered as particularly sensitive sites due to their importance for liquor production or as critical junctions draining bile and digestive pancreatic enzymes into the small bowel, respectively. These newly gained insights appear highly relevant for clinical translation of EpCAM-addressing immunotherapies. Thus, ROCKETS in combination with LSFM may help to set new standards for preclinical evaluation of immunotherapeutic strategies. In conclusion, we propose ROCKETS as an ideal platform for a broader application of LSFM in immunological research optimally suited for quantitative co-localization studies of immunotherapeutic drugs and defined cell populations in the microanatomical context of organs or even whole mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joerg P. J. Mueller
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory (IZKF) Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Michael Dobosz
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Nils O’Brien
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Nassri Abdoush
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Glycart AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Martin Lechmann
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Franz Osl
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Wolf
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory (IZKF) Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Estibaliz Arellano-Viera
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory (IZKF) Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Haroon Shaikh
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory (IZKF) Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Herting
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Glycart AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sara Colombetti
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Glycart AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pöschinger
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory (IZKF) Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Higashi T, Saito AC, Fukazawa Y, Furuse M, Higashi AY, Ono M, Chiba H. EpCAM proteolysis and release of complexed claudin-7 repair and maintain the tight junction barrier. J Cell Biol 2022; 222:213688. [PMID: 36378161 PMCID: PMC9671161 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202204079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TJs maintain the epithelial barrier by regulating paracellular permeability. Since TJs are under dynamically fluctuating intercellular tension, cells must continuously survey and repair any damage. However, the underlying mechanisms allowing cells to sense TJ damage and repair the barrier are not yet fully understood. Here, we showed that proteinases play an important role in the maintenance of the epithelial barrier. At TJ break sites, EpCAM-claudin-7 complexes on the basolateral membrane become accessible to apical membrane-anchored serine proteinases (MASPs) and the MASPs cleave EpCAM. Biochemical data and imaging analysis suggest that claudin-7 released from EpCAM contributes to the rapid repair of damaged TJs. Knockout (KO) of MASPs drastically reduced barrier function and live-imaging of TJ permeability showed that MASPs-KO cells exhibited increased size, duration, and frequency of leaks. Together, our results reveal a novel mechanism of TJ maintenance through the localized proteolysis of EpCAM at TJ leaks, and provide a better understanding of the dynamic regulation of epithelial permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Higashi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan,Correspondence to Tomohito Higashi:
| | - Akira C. Saito
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yugo Fukazawa
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Faculty of Medical Science, Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan,Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsuko Y. Higashi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideki Chiba
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Understanding the versatile roles and applications of EpCAM in cancers: from bench to bedside. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:97. [PMID: 36369033 PMCID: PMC9650829 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) functions not only in physiological processes but also participates in the development and progression of cancer. In recent decades, extensive efforts have been made to decipher the role of EpCAM in cancers. Great advances have been achieved in elucidating its structure, molecular functions, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical applications. Beyond its well-recognized role as a biomarker of cancer stem cells (CSCs) or circulating tumor cells (CTCs), EpCAM exhibits novel and promising value in targeted therapy. At the same time, the roles of EpCAM in cancer progression are found to be highly context-dependent and even contradictory in some cases. The versatile functional modules of EpCAM and its communication with other signaling pathways complicate the study of this molecule. In this review, we start from the structure of EpCAM and focus on communication with other signaling pathways. The impacts on the biology of cancers and the up-to-date clinical applications of EpCAM are also introduced and summarized, aiming to shed light on the translational prospects of EpCAM.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lei Z, Chen L, Hu Q, Yang Y, Tong F, Li K, Lin T, Nie Y, Rong H, Yu S, Song Q, Guo J. Ginsenoside Rb1 improves intestinal aging via regulating the expression of sirtuins in the intestinal epithelium and modulating the gut microbiota of mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:991597. [PMID: 36238549 PMCID: PMC9552198 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.991597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal aging seriously affects the absorption of nutrients of the aged people. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) which has multiple functions on treating gastrointestinal disorders is one of the important ingredients from Ginseng, the famous herb in tradition Chinese medicine. However, it is still unclear if GRb1 could improve intestinal aging. To investigate the function and mechanism of GRb1 on improving intestinal aging, GRb1 was administrated to 104-week-old C57BL/6 mice for 6 weeks. The jejunum, colon and feces were collected for morphology, histology, gene expression and gut microbiota tests using H&E staining, X-gal staining, qPCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and 16S rDNA sequencing technologies. The numbers of cells reduced and the accumulation of senescent cells increased in the intestinal crypts of old mice, and administration of GRb1 could reverse them. The protein levels of CLDN 2, 3, 7, and 15 were all decreased in the jejunum of old mice, and administration of GRb1 could significantly increase them. The expression levels of Tert, Lgr5, mKi67, and c-Myc were all significantly reduced in the small intestines of old mice, and GRb1 significantly increased them at transcriptional or posttranscriptional levels. The protein levels of SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 were all reduced in the jejunum of old mice, and GRb1 could increase the protein levels of them. The 16S rDNA sequencing results demonstrated the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota of old mice, and GRb1 changed the composition and functions of the gut microbiota in the old mice. In conclusion, GRb1 could improve the intestinal aging via regulating the expression of Sirtuins family and modulating the gut microbiota in the aged mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zili Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zili Lei, , Jiao Guo,
| | - Lei Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital (School of Clinical Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxue Tong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keying Li
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Nie
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hedong Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siping Yu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Song
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zili Lei, , Jiao Guo,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sharma D, Sangar M, Park JL, Kang SG, Ham KS. Roasted garlic protects against leaky gut syndrome in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:1335-1342. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
19
|
Szabo R, Ward JM, Artunc F, Bugge TH. EPCAM and TROP2 share role in claudin stabilization and development of intestinal and extraintestinal epithelia in mice. Biol Open 2022; 11:275770. [PMID: 35730316 PMCID: PMC9294608 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
EPCAM (Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of most epithelial and epithelium-derived tumor cells and reported to regulate stability of epithelial tight junction proteins, claudins. Despite its widespread expression, loss of EPCAM function has so far only been reported to prominently affect intestinal development, resulting in severe early onset enteropathy associated with impaired growth and decreased survival in both humans and mice. In this study, we show that the critical role of EPCAM is not limited to intestinal tissues and that it shares its essential function with its only known homolog, TROP2 (Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2). EPCAM-deficient mice show significant growth retardation and die within four weeks after birth. In addition to changes in small and large intestines, loss of EPCAM results in hyperkeratosis in skin and forestomach, hair follicle atrophy leading to alopecia, nephron hypoplasia in kidney, proteinuria, and altered production of digestive enzymes by pancreas. Expression of TROP2 partially, but not completely, overlaps with EPCAM in a number developing epithelia. Although loss of TROP2 had no gross impact on mouse development and survival, TROP2 deficiency generally compounded developmental defects observed in EPCAM-deficient mice, led to about 60% decrease in embryonic viability, and further shortened postnatal lifespan of born pups. Importantly, TROP2 was able to compensate for the loss of EPCAM in stabilizing claudin-7 expression and cell membrane localization in tissues that co-express both proteins. These findings identify overlapping functions of EPCAM and TROP2 as regulators of epithelial development in both intestinal and extraintestinal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Szabo
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ferruh Artunc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas H Bugge
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Limosilactobacillus reuteri SLZX19-12 Protects the Colon from Infection by Enhancing Stability of the Gut Microbiota and Barrier Integrity and Reducing Inflammation. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0212421. [PMID: 35658572 PMCID: PMC9241593 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02124-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Limosilactobacillus reuteri plays an important role in regulating intestinal functions and maintaining barrier integrity in animals. In this study, Limosilactobacillus reuteri strain SLZX19-12 was isolated from the fecal microbiota of Tibetan pigs, and it was found that this strain is sensitive to common antibiotics and has strong resistance to stress. Upon being administered by gavage at different doses, including low, medium, and high doses, for 14 days, Limosilactobacillus reuteri SLZX19-12 may enhance the intestinal barrier. After administration of a high dose of SLZX19-12, mice were challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344. Infection with Salmonella Typhimurium SL1344 led to disordered colonic microbiotas, colonic inflammation through the S100A8/S100A9-NF-κB pathway and potential apoptosis, and translocation of pathogens to parenteral visceral organs in mice. However, the mice pretreated with Limosilactobacillus reuteri SLZX19-12 showed lower loads of Salmonella in visceral organs, less colonic inflammation, and higher barrier integrity. More importantly, the administration of strain SLZX19-12 resulted in a more stable microbiota structure of the colon, in which the abundance of Alloprevotella was greatly enhanced. Therefore, this study suggests that Limosilactobacillus reuteri SLZX19-12 can protect the colon from infection by enhancing the stability of gut microbiota and barrier integrity and reducing inflammation. IMPORTANCE The use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections leads to a series of side effects. As an alternative method, the biocontrol strategy, which uses probiotics to suppress pathogens, is considered a potential way to deal with bacterial infections in gut. However, there are few probiotics that are currently safe and can protect against infection. In this study, Limosilactobacillus reuteri strain SLZX19-12 was obtained from Tibetan pigs, which have higher resistance to infection. This strain is sensitive to conventional antibiotics, secretes a wide spectrum of enzymes, and also promotes the intestinal barrier function in mice. In addition, Limosilactobacillus reuteri SLZX19-12 can promote the stability of the gut microbiota to avoid or alleviate the occurrence or development of foodborne infections.
Collapse
|
21
|
Lei Z, Chen L, Liu Y, Yang Y, Chen G, Liu W, Nie Y, Lei Y, Tong F, Huang L, Wu H, Yang L, Zhang X, Yang C, Zhu J, Guo J. EpCAM deficiency causes premature aging of intestinal epithelium via hyperactivating mTORC1 pathway. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e903. [PMID: 35678096 PMCID: PMC9178350 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zili Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital (School of Clinical Medicine)Guangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityYue‐Xiu DistrictGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guibin Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wanwan Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ya Nie
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega CenterGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Fengxue Tong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Li Huang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega CenterGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega CenterGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lanxiang Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega CenterGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega CenterGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Changyuan Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega CenterGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Zhu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li J, Jiang X, Li C, Che H, Ling L, Wei Z. Proteomic alteration of endometrial tissues during secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome may affect endometrial receptivity. Clin Proteomics 2022; 19:19. [PMID: 35643455 PMCID: PMC9145147 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-022-09353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEmbryo implantation is a complex developmental process that requires coordinated interactions among the embryo, endometrium, and the microenvironment of endometrium factors. Even though the impaired endometrial receptivity of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is known, understanding of endometrial receptivity is limited. A proteomics study in three patients with PCOS and 3 fertile women was performed to understand the impaired endometrial receptivity in patients with PCOS during luteal phases. Through isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analyses, we identified 232 unique proteins involved in the metabolism, inflammation, and cell adhesion molecules. Finally, our results suggested that energy metabolism can affect embryo implantation, whereas inflammation and cell adhesion molecules can affect both endometrial conversion and receptivity. Our results showed that endometrial receptive damage in patients with PCOS is not a single factor. It is caused by many proteins, pathways, systems, and abnormalities, which interact with each other and make endometrial receptive research more difficult.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lei Z, Liu W, Nie Y, Yang Y, Chen G, Huang L, Wu H, Lei Y, Chen L, Hu Q, Rong H, Yu S, Song Q, Tong F, Guo J. EpCAM Is Essential to Maintaining the Immune Homeostasis of Intestines via Keeping the Expression of pIgR in the Intestinal Epithelium of Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843378. [PMID: 35493520 PMCID: PMC9043958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
EpCAM deficiency causes congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE) which is considered as one kinds of very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, functions of EpCAM on regulating the immunity of intestines are still unclear. To study the mechanism of EpCAM on maintaining the intestinal immune homeostasis, the intestines of WT and EpCAM-/- mice at E18.5, P0 and P3 stages were collected for morphological, histological and gene expression tests. Serious inflammation was detected in the small intestines of P3 EpCAM-/- mice. Compared to WT mice, genes related to inflammatory factors and immunity cells, including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8rb, MIP2, MCP1, Ly6d and Ly6g, were all significantly upregulated and the expression of intestinal abundance matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was also significantly increased in the intestines of EpCAM-/- mice at E18.5, P0 and P3 stages. Signals of p38, ERK1/2 and JNK were hyper-activated in the intestines of EpCAM-/- mice. The expression of pIgR was significantly decreased and the expression and activation of transcriptional factors which promote the expression of pIgR were also reduced in the intestines of EpCAM-/- mice compared to WT controls. In conclusion, EpCAM could maintain the immune homeostasis of intestines via keeping the expression of pIgR in the intestinal epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zili Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zili Lei, ; Jiao Guo,
| | - Wanwan Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Nie
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibin Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hedong Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siping Yu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Song
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxue Tong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zili Lei, ; Jiao Guo,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rallabandi R, Sharp B, Cruz C, Wang Q, Locsin A, Driscoll CB, Lee E, Nelson T, Devaux P. miRNA-mediated control of exogenous OCT4 during mesenchymal-epithelial transition increases measles vector reprogramming efficiency. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 24:48-61. [PMID: 34977272 PMCID: PMC8683617 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OCT4 is a key mediator of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming, but the mechanistic insights into the role of exogenous OCT4 and timelines that initiate pluripotency remain to be resolved. Here, using measles reprogramming vectors, we present microRNA (miRNA) targeting of exogenous OCT4 to shut down its expression during the mesenchymal to the epithelial transition phase of reprogramming. We showed that exogenous OCT4 is required only for the initiation of reprogramming and is dispensable for the maturation stage. However, the continuous expression of SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC is necessary for the maturation stage of the iPSC. Additionally, we demonstrate a novel application of miRNA targeting in a viral vector to contextually control the vector/transgene, ultimately leading to an improved reprogramming efficiency. This novel approach could be applied to other systems for improving the efficiency of vector-induced processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Rallabandi
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Track, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Regenerative Sciences PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Brenna Sharp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Conrad Cruz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alexis Locsin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Christopher B. Driscoll
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Track, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ella Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tim Nelson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester MN 55905, USA
| | - Patricia Devaux
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Track, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Regenerative Sciences PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
de Vries M, Nwozor KO, Muizer K, Wisman M, Timens W, van den Berge M, Faiz A, Hackett TL, Heijink IH, Brandsma CA. The relation between age and airway epithelial barrier function. Respir Res 2022; 23:43. [PMID: 35241091 PMCID: PMC8892715 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of age-associated diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is increasing as the average life expectancy increases around the world. We previously identified a gene signature for ageing in the human lung which included genes involved in apical and tight junction assembly, suggesting a role for airway epithelial barrier dysfunction with ageing. Aim To investigate the association between genes involved in epithelial barrier function and age both in silico and in vitro in the airway epithelium. Methods We curated a gene signature of 274 genes for epithelial barrier function and tested the association with age in two independent cohorts of bronchial brushings from healthy individuals with no respiratory disease, using linear regression analysis (FDR < 0.05). Protein–protein interactions were identified using STRING©. The barrier function of primary bronchial epithelial cells at air–liquid interface and CRISPR–Cas9-induced knock-down of target genes in human bronchial 16HBE14o-cells was assessed using Trans epithelial resistance (TER) measurement and Electric cell-surface impedance sensing (ECIS) respectively. Results In bronchial brushings, we found 55 genes involved in barrier function to be significantly associated with age (FDR < 0.05). EPCAM was most significantly associated with increasing age and TRPV4 with decreasing age. Protein interaction analysis identified CDH1, that was negatively associated with higher age, as potential key regulator of age-related epithelial barrier function changes. In vitro, barrier function was lower in bronchial epithelial cells from subjects > 45 years of age and significantly reduced in CDH1-deficient 16HBE14o-cells. Conclusion The significant association between genes involved in epithelial barrier function and age, supported by functional studies in vitro, suggest a role for epithelial barrier dysfunction in age-related airway disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-01961-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M de Vries
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - K O Nwozor
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - K Muizer
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Wisman
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W Timens
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M van den Berge
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Faiz
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T-L Hackett
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - I H Heijink
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C A Brandsma
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Integration of miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA profiles in liver tissue from EpCAM knockout mice. ARCH BIOL SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/abs211207001l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is highly expressed in the
liver during development and diseases. However, its role in the development
and pathology of liver remains to be explored. The liver tissues of EpCAM-/-
and wildtype (WT) mice at P0 stage were used for RNA sequencing. The
differently expressed miRNAs, lncRNAs and mRNAs were selected and confirmed
by qPCR. The expression of metabolism-related gene SET domain bifurcated 2
(Setdb2) was significantly increased in the liver of EpCAM-/- mice; the
triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in the liver were also
markedly decreased in EpCAM-/- mice. The microRNA (miRNA)-long noncoding RNA
(lncRNA)-mRNA regulatory networks indicated that EpCAM may play important
roles in glucose and lipid metabolism of the liver during development and in
disease. The comprehensive miRNA, lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the
developing liver of EpCAM-/- mice established here might help to elucidate
functions and mechanisms of EpCAM during development and in diseases of the
liver.
Collapse
|
27
|
Pan M, Kohlbauer V, Blancke Soares A, Schinke H, Huang Y, Kranz G, Quadt T, Hachmeister M, Gires O. Interactome analysis reveals endocytosis and membrane recycling of EpCAM during differentiation of embryonic stem cells and carcinoma cells. iScience 2021; 24:103179. [PMID: 34693227 PMCID: PMC8517208 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is expressed in epithelia, carcinoma, teratoma, and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). EpCAM displays spatiotemporal patterning during embryogenesis, tissue morphogenesis, cell differentiation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in carcinomas. Potential interactors of EpCAM were identified in murine F9 teratoma cells using a stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture-based proteomic approach (n = 77, enrichment factor >3, p value ≤ 0.05). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and gene ontology terms revealed interactions with regulators of endosomal trafficking and membrane recycling, which were further validated for Rab5, Rab7, and Rab11. Endocytosis and membrane recycling of EpCAM were confirmed in mF9 cells, E14TG2α ESC, and Kyse30 carcinoma cells. Reduction of EpCAM during mesodermal differentiation and TGFβ-induced EMT correlated with enhanced endocytosis and block or reduction of recycling in ESCs and esophageal carcinoma cells. Hence, endocytosis and membrane recycling are means of regulation of EpCAM protein levels during differentiation of ESC and EMT induction in carcinoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Vera Kohlbauer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Blancke Soares
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henrik Schinke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuanchi Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gisela Kranz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Quadt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Hachmeister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivier Gires
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group "Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer", Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Das B, Okamoto K, Rabalais J, Young JA, Barrett KE, Sivagnanam M. Aberrant Epithelial Differentiation Contributes to Pathogenesis in a Murine Model of Congenital Tufting Enteropathy. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1353-1371. [PMID: 34198013 PMCID: PMC8479479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE) is an intractable diarrheal disease of infancy caused by mutations of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). The cellular and molecular basis of CTE pathology has been elusive. We hypothesized that the loss of EpCAM in CTE results in altered lineage differentiation and defects in absorptive enterocytes thereby contributing to CTE pathogenesis. METHODS Intestine and colon from mice expressing a CTE-associated mutant form of EpCAM (mutant mice) were evaluated for specific markers by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunostaining. Body weight, blood glucose, and intestinal enzyme activity were also investigated. Enteroids derived from mutant mice were used to assess whether the decreased census of major secretory cells could be rescued. RESULTS Mutant mice exhibited alterations in brush-border ultrastructure, function, disaccharidase activity, and glucose absorption, potentially contributing to nutrient malabsorption and impaired weight gain. Altered cell differentiation in mutant mice led to decreased enteroendocrine cells and increased numbers of nonsecretory cells, though the hypertrophied absorptive enterocytes lacked key features, causing brush border malfunction. Further, treatment with the Notch signaling inhibitor, DAPT, increased the numbers of major secretory cell types in mutant enteroids (graphical abstract 1). CONCLUSIONS Alterations in intestinal epithelial cell differentiation in mutant mice favor an increase in absorptive cells at the expense of major secretory cells. Although the proportion of absorptive enterocytes is increased, they lack key functional properties. We conclude that these effects underlie pathogenic features of CTE such as malabsorption and diarrhea, and ultimately the failure to thrive seen in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barun Das
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kevin Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John Rabalais
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jocelyn A. Young
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California,Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California
| | - Kim E. Barrett
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mamata Sivagnanam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California,Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Mamata Sivagnanam, MD, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093. fax: 858-967-8917.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lei Z, Yang L, Lei Y, Yang Y, Zhang X, Song Q, Chen G, Liu W, Wu H, Guo J. High dose lithium chloride causes colitis through activating F4/80 positive macrophages and inhibiting expression of Pigr and Claudin-15 in the colon of mice. Toxicology 2021; 457:152799. [PMID: 33901603 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lithium chloride (LiCl) was a mood stabilizer for bipolar affective disorders and it could activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. Colon is one of a very susceptible tissues to Wnt signaling pathway, and so it would be very essential to explore the toxic effect of a high dose of LiCl on colon. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 200 mg/kg LiCl one dose a day for 5 days to activate Wnt signal pathway in intestines. H&E staining was used to assess the colonic tissues of mice treated with high dose of LiCl. The expression of inflammation-associated genes and tight junction-associated genes in colons was measured using qPCR, Western blot and immunostaining methods. The gut microbiome was tested through 16S rDNA gene analysis. RESULTS The differentiation of enteroendocrine cells in colon was inhibited by treatment of 200 mg/kg LiCl. The F4/80 positive macrophages in colon were activated by high dose of LiCl, and migrated from the submucosa to the lamina propria. The expression of pro-inflammatory genes TNFα and IL-1β was increased in the colon of high dose of LiCl treated mice. Clostridium_sp_k4410MGS_306 and Prevotellaceae_UCG_001 were specific and predominant for the high dose of LiCl treated mice. The expression of IgA coding genes, Pigr and Claudin-15 was significantly decreased in the colon tissues of the high dose of LiCl treated mice. CONCLUSION 200 mg/kg LiCl might cause the inflammation in colon of mice through activating F4/80 positive macrophages and inhibiting the expression of IgA coding genes in plasma cells and the expression of Pigr and Claudin-15 in colonic epithelial cells, providing evidences for the toxic effects of high dose of LiCl on colon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zili Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disease, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Lanxiang Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disease, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yuting Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disease, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital (School of Clinical Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Nong-Lin-Xia Road 19#, Yue-Xiu District, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disease, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Qi Song
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disease, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Guibin Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disease, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wanwan Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disease, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disease, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disease, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gaston C, De Beco S, Doss B, Pan M, Gauquelin E, D'Alessandro J, Lim CT, Ladoux B, Delacour D. EpCAM promotes endosomal modulation of the cortical RhoA zone for epithelial organization. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2226. [PMID: 33850145 PMCID: PMC8044225 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
At the basis of cell shape and behavior, the organization of actomyosin and its ability to generate forces are widely studied. However, the precise regulation of this contractile network in space and time is unclear. Here, we study the role of the epithelial-specific protein EpCAM, a contractility modulator, in cell shape and motility. We show that EpCAM is required for stress fiber generation and front-rear polarity acquisition at the single cell level. In fact, EpCAM participates in the remodeling of a transient zone of active RhoA at the cortex of spreading epithelial cells. EpCAM and RhoA route together through the Rab35/EHD1 fast recycling pathway. This endosomal pathway spatially organizes GTP-RhoA to fine tune the activity of actomyosin resulting in polarized cell shape and development of intracellular stiffness and traction forces. Impairment of GTP-RhoA endosomal trafficking either by silencing EpCAM or by expressing Rab35/EHD1 mutants prevents proper myosin-II activity, stress fiber formation and ultimately cell polarization. Collectively, this work shows that the coupling between co-trafficking of EpCAM and RhoA, and actomyosin rearrangement is pivotal for cell spreading, and advances our understanding of how biochemical and mechanical properties promote cell plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Gaston
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Simon De Beco
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Bryant Doss
- Mechanobiology Institute, T-lab, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng Pan
- Mechanobiology Institute, T-lab, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Estelle Gauquelin
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Joseph D'Alessandro
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | | | - Benoit Ladoux
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Delacour
- Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Labarta-Bajo L, Nilsen SP, Humphrey G, Schwartz T, Sanders K, Swafford A, Knight R, Turner JR, Zúñiga EI. Type I IFNs and CD8 T cells increase intestinal barrier permeability after chronic viral infection. J Exp Med 2021; 217:152069. [PMID: 32880630 PMCID: PMC7953738 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20192276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier leakage constitutes a potential therapeutic target for many inflammatory diseases and represents a disease progression marker during chronic viral infections. However, the causes of altered gut barrier remain mostly unknown. Using murine infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, we demonstrate that, in contrast to an acute viral strain, a persistent viral isolate leads to long-term viral replication in hematopoietic and mesenchymal cells, but not epithelial cells (IECs), in the intestine. Viral persistence drove sustained intestinal epithelial barrier leakage, which was characterized by increased paracellular flux of small molecules and was associated with enhanced colitis susceptibility. Type I IFN signaling caused tight junction dysregulation in IECs, promoted gut microbiome shifts and enhanced intestinal CD8 T cell responses. Notably, both type I IFN receptor blockade and CD8 T cell depletion prevented infection-induced barrier leakage. Our study demonstrates that infection with a virus that persistently replicates in the intestinal mucosa increases epithelial barrier permeability and reveals type I IFNs and CD8 T cells as causative factors of intestinal leakage during chronic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Labarta-Bajo
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Steven P Nilsen
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gregory Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tara Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Karenina Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Austin Swafford
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elina I Zúñiga
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu X, Feng Q, Zhang Y, Zheng P, Cui N. Absence of EpCAM in cervical cancer cells is involved in sluginduced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:163. [PMID: 33691694 PMCID: PMC7944906 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Slug (Snai2) is a pivotal player in initiating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through its trans-suppression effect on E-cadherin in various normal and malignant cells. In this study, the positive effect of Slug on promoting cell motility and metastasis in cervical cancer was further confirmed in this study. Methods RNA-Seq was performed to explore the potential molecules that participate in Slug-mediated EMT in cervical cancer cells. The negative correlation between Slug and EpCAM expression in cervical cancer cells was detected in this study, and linked them with in vitro migration and invasion assay, in vivo metastasis experiments, luciferase reporter assay and Chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) was significantly decreased in Slug-overexpressing SiHa cells. Simultaneously, an absence of EpCAM expression was observed in Slug-overexpressing cells. Further studies revealed the trans-suppression effect of Slug on EpCAM through its binding to the E-boxes in the proximal promoter region of EpCAM in cervical cancer cells. Restoring EpCAM in Slug-overexpressing cells by transiently transfecting an EpCAM recombinant plasmid attenuated cell motility and promoted cell growth. Moreover, the negative correlation between Slug and EpCAM expression in human squamous cervical carcinoma (SCC) samples was verified by using Pearson correlation analysis. Conclusions These results demonstrated that the absence of EpCAM under Slug expression in cervical cancer cells probably participated in Slug-regulated EMT and further promoted tumor metastasis. Additionally, this study supports a potential way for Slug to initiate EMT progression in cervical cancer cells in addition to inhibiting E-cadherin. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-01858-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Feng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - PengSheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. .,Section of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Shaanxi, 710061, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nan Cui
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 West Yanta Road, Shaanxi Province, 710061, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ouchi T, Morimura S, Dow LE, Miyoshi H, Udey MC. EpCAM (CD326) Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Integrity and Stem Cells via Rho-Associated Kinase. Cells 2021; 10:256. [PMID: 33525555 PMCID: PMC7912093 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans with biallelic inactivating mutations in Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) develop congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE). To gain mechanistic insights regarding EpCAM function in this disorder, we prepared intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) organoids and spheroids. IEC organoids and spheroids were generated from ROSA-CreERT2 EpCAMfl/fl mice. Proliferation, tight junctions, cell polarity and epithelial integrity were assessed in tamoxifen-induced EpCAM-deficient organoids via confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blotting. Olfm4-expressing stem cells were assessed in IEC cells in vitro and in vivo via fluorescence in situ hybridization. To determine if existing drugs could ameliorate effects of EpCAM deficiency in IEC cells, a variety of pharmacologic inhibitors were screened. Deletion of EpCAM resulted in increased apoptosis and attenuated growth of organoids and spheroids. Selected claudins were destabilized and epithelial integrity was severely compromised. Epithelial integrity was improved by treatment with Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitors without restoration of claudin expression. Correspondingly, enhanced phosphorylation of myosin light chain, a serine/threonine ROCK substrate, was observed in EpCAM-deficient organoids. Strikingly, frequencies of Olfm4-expressing stem cells in EpCAM-deficient IEC cells in vitro and in vivo were decreased. Treatment with ROCK inhibitors increased numbers of stem cells in EpCAM-deficient organoids and spheroids. Thus, EpCAM regulates intestinal epithelial homeostasis via a signaling pathway that includes ROCK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ouchi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan;
| | - Sohshi Morimura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita-shi, Chiba 286-8520, Japan
| | - Lukas E. Dow
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
| | - Mark C. Udey
- Dermatology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Das B, Sivagnanam M. Congenital Tufting Enteropathy: Biology, Pathogenesis and Mechanisms. J Clin Med 2020; 10:E19. [PMID: 33374714 PMCID: PMC7793535 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE) is an autosomal recessive disease of infancy that causes severe intestinal failure with electrolyte imbalances and impaired growth. CTE is typically diagnosed by its characteristic histological features, including villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and focal epithelial tufts consisting of densely packed enterocytes. Mutations in the EPCAM and SPINT2 genes have been identified as the etiology for this disease. The significant morbidity and mortality and lack of direct treatments for CTE patients demand a better understanding of disease pathophysiology. Here, the latest knowledge of CTE biology is systematically reviewed, including clinical aspects, disease genetics, and research model systems. Particular focus is paid to the pathogenesis of CTE and predicted mechanisms of the disease as these would provide insight for future therapeutic options. The contribution of intestinal homeostasis, including the role of intestinal cell differentiation, defective enterocytes, disrupted barrier and cell-cell junction, and cell-matrix adhesion, is vividly described here (see Graphical Abstract). Moreover, based on the known dynamics of EpCAM signaling, potential mechanistic pathways are highlighted that may contribute to the pathogenesis of CTE due to either loss of EpCAM function or EpCAM mutation. Although not fully elucidated, these pathways provide an improved understanding of this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barun Das
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Mamata Sivagnanam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen G, Yang Y, Liu W, Huang L, Yang L, Lei Y, Wu H, Lei Z, Guo J. EpCAM is essential for maintenance of the small intestinal epithelium architecture via regulation of the expression and localization of proteins that compose adherens junctions. Int J Mol Med 2020; 47:621-632. [PMID: 33416101 PMCID: PMC7797445 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is highly expressed in mammalian intestines, and is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium. EpCAM protein is localized at tight junctions and the basolateral membrane of the intestinal epithelium, where it interacts with many cell adhesion molecules. To explore the molecular functions of EpCAM in regulating adherens junctions in the intestinal epithelium, EpCAM knockout embryos and newborn pups were analyzed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess the histology of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon from wild-type and EpCAM−/− mice at E18.5, P0 and P3. The expression and localization of adherens junction-associated genes and genes that encode the proteins that participate in the assembly of adherens junctions were measured at the mRNA and protein levels using qPCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that although there was no significant damage to the intestines of EpCAM−/− mice at E18.5 and P0, they were significantly damaged at P3 in mutant mice. The expression of adherens junction-associated genes in EpCAM mutant mice was normal at the mRNA level from E18.5 to P3, but their protein levels were gradually reduced and mislocalized from E18.5 to P3. The expression of nectin 1, which can regulate the assembly and adhesion activity of E-cadherin, was also gradually reduced at both the mRNA and protein levels in the intestinal epithelium of EpCAM mutant mice from E18.5 to P3. In summary, the loss of EpCAM may cause the reduction and mislocalization of proteins that compose adherens junctions partly via the downregulation of nectin 1 in the intestines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine and Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China and Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University and Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital (School of Clinical Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wanwan Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine and Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China and Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University and Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Li Huang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine and Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China and Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University and Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Lanxiang Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine and Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China and Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University and Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine and Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China and Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University and Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine and Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China and Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University and Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zili Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine and Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China and Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University and Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine and Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China and Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University and Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lenárt S, Lenárt P, Šmarda J, Remšík J, Souček K, Beneš P. Trop2: Jack of All Trades, Master of None. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3328. [PMID: 33187148 PMCID: PMC7696911 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) is a widely expressed glycoprotein and an epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) family member. Although initially identified as a transmembrane protein, other subcellular localizations and processed forms were described. Its congenital mutations cause a gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy, a disease characterized by loss of barrier function in corneal epithelial cells. Trop2 is considered a stem cell marker and its expression associates with regenerative capacity in various tissues. Trop2 overexpression was described in tumors of different origins; however, functional studies revealed both oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles. Nevertheless, therapeutic potential of Trop2 was recognized and clinical studies with drug-antibody conjugates have been initiated in various cancer types. One of these agents, sacituzumab govitecan, has been recently granted an accelerated approval for therapy of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. In this article, we review the current knowledge about the yet controversial function of Trop2 in homeostasis and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sára Lenárt
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.L.); (P.L.); (J.Š.); (K.S.)
| | - Peter Lenárt
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.L.); (P.L.); (J.Š.); (K.S.)
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šmarda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.L.); (P.L.); (J.Š.); (K.S.)
| | - Ján Remšík
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Karel Souček
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.L.); (P.L.); (J.Š.); (K.S.)
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
- Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Beneš
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.L.); (P.L.); (J.Š.); (K.S.)
- Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Muraoka A, Osuka S, Kiyono T, Suzuki M, Yokoi A, Murase T, Nishino K, Niimi K, Nakamura T, Goto M, Kajiyama H, Kondo Y, Kikkawa F. Establishment and characterization of cell lines from human endometrial epithelial and mesenchymal cells from patients with endometriosis. F&S SCIENCE 2020; 1:195-205. [PMID: 35559928 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish and characterize cell lines derived from human endometrial epithelial cells (ECs) and mesenchymal cells (MCs) from patients with and without endometriosis. DESIGN In vitro experimental study. SETTING University and national cancer center research institute. PATIENT(S) Two women with endometriosis and two women without endometriosis. INTERVENTION(S) Sampling of endometrial ECs and MCs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Establishing immortalized endometrial ECs and MCs with quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunocytochemical analysis, and RNA sequence profiling performed to characterize the immortalized cells and a cell proliferation assay, three-dimensional culture, and assays for hormone responses performed to characterize the features of ECs. RESULT(S) The qRT-PCR, immunocytochemical analysis, and Western blot analysis revealed that the ECs and MCs maintained their original features. Moreover, the immortalized cells were found to retain responsiveness to sex steroid hormones. The ECs formed a gland-like structure in three-dimensional culture, indicating the maintenance of normal EC phenotypes. The RNA sequence profiling, principal component analysis, and clustering analysis showed that the gene expression patterns of the immortalized cells were different from those of cancer cells. Several signaling pathways that were statistically significantly enriched in ECs and MCs with endometriosis were revealed. CONCLUSION(S) We successfully obtained four paired immortalized endometrial ECs and MCs from patients with and without endometriosis. Using these cells could help identify diagnostic and therapeutic targets for endometriosis. The cell lines established in this study will thus serve as powerful experimental tools in the study of endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Muraoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Division of Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoko Osuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Project for Prevention of HPV-related Cancer, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa City, Japan.
| | - Miho Suzuki
- Division of Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Yokoi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Murase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Nishino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kaoru Niimi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Maki Goto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kondo
- Division of Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tufting Enteropathy: A Review of Clinical and Histological Presentation, Etiology, Management, and Outcome. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:5608069. [PMID: 33029133 PMCID: PMC7530495 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5608069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE), also named intestinal epithelial dysplasia, is a rare, autosomal recessive enteropathy with persistent and life-threatening intractable diarrhea early in life. Intractable diarrhea is present independent of breast or formula feeding. Most CTE patients require total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and in severe cases, small bowel transplantation is needed. In the last decade, we have seen remarkable progress in certain aspects, such as the pathogenesis and diagnostic methods of the disease. Rapidly developing molecular analysis techniques have improved the diagnostic methods for CTE and reduced invasive and expensive procedures. Mutations in the gene encoding human epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) were identified in the typical form of CTE, which usually exhibits isolated refractory diarrhea. Moreover, the syndromic form of CTE features anal and choanal atresias as well as ophthalmologic signs, which are associated with mutations in the gene encoding Serine Peptidase Inhibitor Kunitz Type 2 (SPINT2). This article reviews CTE disease based on its clinical and histological presentation, etiology and pathogenesis, and management and outcome.
Collapse
|
39
|
Fagotto F, Aslemarz A. EpCAM cellular functions in adhesion and migration, and potential impact on invasion: A critical review. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188436. [PMID: 32976980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
EpCAM has long been known as a cell surface protein highly expressed in carcinomas. It has since become one of the key cancer biomarkers. Despite its high fame, its actual role in cancer development is still controversial. Beyond a flurry of correlative studies, which point either to a positive or a negative link with tumour progression, there has been surprisingly few studies on the actual cellular mechanisms of EpCAM and on their functional consequences. Clearly, EpCAM plays multiple important roles, in cell proliferation as well as in cell adhesion and migration. The two latter functions, directly relevant for metastasis, are the focus of this review. We attempt here to bring together the available experimental data to build a global coherent view of EpCAM functions. We also include in this overview EpCAM2/Trop2, the close relative of EpCAM. At the core of EpCAM (and EpCAM2/Trop2) function stands the ability to repress contractility of the actomyosin cell cortex. This activity appears to involve direct inhibition by EpCAM of members of the novel PKC family and of a specific downstream PKD-Erk cascade. We will discuss how this activity can result in a variety of adhesive and migratory phenotypes, thus potentially explaining at least part of the apparent inconsistencies between different studies. The picture remains fragmented, and we will highlight some of the conflicting evidence and the many unsolved issues, starting with the controversy around its original description as a cell-cell adhesion molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Fagotto
- CRBM, University of Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier 34293, France.
| | - Azam Aslemarz
- CRBM, University of Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier 34293, France; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A1B1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fagotto F. EpCAM as Modulator of Tissue Plasticity. Cells 2020; 9:E2128. [PMID: 32961790 PMCID: PMC7563481 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule or EpCAM is a well-known marker highly expressed in carcinomas and showing a strong correlation with poor cancer prognosis. While its name relates to its proposed function as a cell adhesion molecule, EpCAM has been shown to have various signalling functions. In particular, it has been identified as an important positive regulator of cell adhesion and migration, playing an essential role in embryonic morphogenesis as well as intestinal homeostasis. This activity is not due to its putative adhesive function, but rather to its ability to repress myosin contractility by impinging on a PKC signalling cascade. This mechanism confers EpCAM the unique property of favouring tissue plasticity. I review here the currently available data, comment on possible connections with other properties of EpCAM, and discuss the potential significance in the context of cancer invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Fagotto
- CRBM, University of Montpellier and CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gires O, Pan M, Schinke H, Canis M, Baeuerle PA. Expression and function of epithelial cell adhesion molecule EpCAM: where are we after 40 years? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 39:969-987. [PMID: 32507912 PMCID: PMC7497325 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) was discovered four decades ago as a tumor antigen on colorectal carcinomas. Owing to its frequent and high expression on carcinomas and their metastases, EpCAM serves as a prognostic marker, a therapeutic target, and an anchor molecule on circulating and disseminated tumor cells (CTCs/DTCs), which are considered the major source for metastatic cancer cells. Today, EpCAM is reckoned as a multi-functional transmembrane protein involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, stemness, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of carcinoma cells. To fulfill these functions, EpCAM is instrumental in intra- and intercellular signaling as a full-length molecule and following regulated intramembrane proteolysis, generating functionally active extra- and intracellular fragments. Intact EpCAM and its proteolytic fragments interact with claudins, CD44, E-cadherin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and intracellular signaling components of the WNT and Ras/Raf pathways, respectively. This plethora of functions contributes to shaping intratumor heterogeneity and partial EMT, which are major determinants of the clinical outcome of carcinoma patients. EpCAM represents a marker for the epithelial status of primary and systemic tumor cells and emerges as a measure for the metastatic capacity of CTCs. Consequentially, EpCAM has reclaimed potential as a prognostic marker and target on primary and systemic tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Gires
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Group "Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer", Helmholtz Zentrum, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Henrik Schinke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick A Baeuerle
- Institute for Immunology, LMU Munich, Grosshadernerstr. 9, 82152 Planegg, Martinsried, Germany
- MPM Capital, Cambridge MA, 450 Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nakato G, Morimura S, Lu M, Feng X, Wu C, Udey MC. Amelioration of Congenital Tufting Enteropathy in EpCAM (TROP1)-Deficient Mice via Heterotopic Expression of TROP2 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081847. [PMID: 32781650 PMCID: PMC7465201 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TROP1 (EpCAM) and TROP2 are homologous cell surface proteins that are widely expressed, and often co-expressed, in developing and adult epithelia. Various functions have been ascribed to EpCAM and TROP2, but responsible mechanisms are incompletely characterized and functional equivalence has not been examined. Adult intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) express high levels of EpCAM, while TROP2 is not expressed. EpCAM deficiency causes congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE) in humans and a corresponding lethal condition in mice. We expressed TROP2 and EpCAM in the IEC of EpCAM-deficient mice utilizing a villin promoter to assess EpCAM and TROP2 function. Expression of EpCAM or TROP2 in the IEC of EpCAM knockout mice prevented CTE. TROP2 rescue (T2R) mice were smaller than controls, while EpCAM rescue (EpR) mice were not. Abnormalities were observed in the diameters and histology of T2R small intestine, and Paneth and stem cell markers were decreased. T2R mice also exhibited enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, enhanced permeability to 4 kDa FITC-dextran and increased sensitivity to detergent-induced colitis, consistent with compromised barrier function. Studies of IEC organoids and spheroids revealed that stem cell function was also compromised in T2R mice. We conclude that EpCAM and TROP2 exhibit functional redundancy, but they are not equivalent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Nakato
- Intestinal Microbiota Project, Intestinal Ecosystem Regulation Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-44-280-2214
| | - Sohshi Morimura
- Department of Dermatology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita-shi, Chiba 286-8520, Japan;
| | - Michael Lu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Xu Feng
- Retired from National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Chuanjin Wu
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Mark C. Udey
- Dermatology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tong J, Sun M, Zhang H, Yang D, Zhang Y, Xiong B, Jiang L. Proteomic analysis of bovine mammary epithelial cells after in vitro incubation with S. agalactiae: potential biomarkers. Vet Res 2020; 51:98. [PMID: 32746898 PMCID: PMC7398202 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the causative agents of subclinical mastitis, a common disease of dairy cows that causes great economic losses in the industry worldwide. It is thought that pathology is mainly due to inflammatory damage of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs); however, the mechanism by which S. agalactiae damages the bMECs is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory effects of S. agalactiae on bMECs and the resulting changes in protein profiles. The bMECs were incubated with S. agalactiae for different times and assayed for cell viability by MTT assay, apoptosis by annexin V and propidium iodide dual staining, and morphological and ultrastructural changes by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the effect of S. agalactiae on expression of mRNA of inflammatory factors in bMECs and protein levels were quantitated by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Exposure to S. agalactiae significantly decreased the cell viability and triggered apoptosis, as well as up-regulating TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA, and inhibiting IL-8 expression. S. agalactiae also induced morphological and ultrastructural changes. Furthermore, we identified 325 up-regulated and 704 down-regulated proteins in the treated vs control group. All significant differentially expressed proteins (DSEPs) were classified into three major areas by function: biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions. These differentially expressed proteins included enzymes and proteins associated with various metabolic processes and cellular immunity. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that eight down-regulated signaling pathways were significantly enriched. Exposure to even subclinical levels of S. agalactiae can lead to inflammation and bMEC damage. Our data suggest some possible molecular mechanisms for the harmful effects of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Delian Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lei Z, Yang Y, Liu S, Lei Y, Yang L, Zhang X, Liu W, Wu H, Yang C, Guo J. Dihydroartemisinin ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium induced inflammatory bowel diseases in mice. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103915. [PMID: 32450383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) mice model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) were determined. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess the intestines of mice treated with DSS and DHA. The expression of inflammatory factors and cell junction-associated genes was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. The effects of DSS and DHA on the gut microbiome were measured using 16S recombinant (r) DNA gene analysis. DHA could improve the diarrhea and bloody stool induced by DSS, and decrease the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-23 of the DSS group. DHA could notably reduce the infiltration of the inflammatory cells and significantly decrease the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the intestines of the DSS treated mice. The expression of cell junction-associated genes such as EpCAM and Claudins, were down-regulated in the DSS group, and DHA could recover the expression of these cell junction-associated genes. The 16S rDNA gene analysis demonstrated that Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia decreased, while Firmicutes and Proteobacteria increased in the DSS group, and DHA could recover the abundance of these gut bacteria altered by DSS. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that DHA could partly recover the pathways altered by DSS. DHA could obviously ameliorate the symptoms of IBD induced by DSS by regulation of the expression of inflammation and cell junction-associated genes and gut microbiota, suggesting its potential for the treatment of IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zili Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital (School of Clinical Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Nong-Lin-Xia Road 19(#), Yue-Xiu District, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Shaomin Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuting Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lanxiang Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wanwan Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Changyuan Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gupta R, Yin L, Grosche A, Lin S, Xu X, Guo J, Vaught LA, Okunieff PG, Vidyasagar S. An Amino Acid-Based Oral Rehydration Solution Regulates Radiation-Induced Intestinal Barrier Disruption in Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:1100-1108. [PMID: 32133527 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy inadvertently affects gastrointestinal (GI) epithelial cells, causing intestinal barrier disruption and increased permeability. OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of amino acid-based oral rehydration solution (AA-ORS) on radiation-induced changes of intestinal barrier function and epithelial tight junctions (TJs) in a randomized experimental study using a total-body irradiation (TBI) mouse model. METHODS Eight-week-old male Swiss mice received a single-dose TBI (0, 1, 3, or 5 Gy), and subsequent gastric gavage with AA-ORS (threonine, valine, serine, tyrosine, and aspartic acid) or saline for 2 or 6 d. Intestinal barrier function of mouse ileum was characterized by electrophysiological analysis of conductance, anion selectivity, and paracellular permeability [fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran]. Ultrastructural changes of TJs were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Membrane protein and mRNA expression of claudin-1, -2, -3, -5, and -7, occludin, and E-cadherin were analyzed with western blot, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry. Nonparametric tests were used to compare treatment-dose differences for each time point. RESULTS Saline-treated mice had a higher conductance at doses as low as 3 Gy, and as early as 2 d post-TBI compared with 0 Gy (P < 0.001). Paracellular permeability and dilution potential were increased 6 d after 5 Gy TBI (P < 0.001). Conductance decreased with AA-ORS after 2 d in 3-Gy and 5-Gy mice (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001), and on day 6 after 5 Gy TBI (P < 0.001). Anion selectivity and FITC permeability decreased from 0.73 ± 0.02 to 0.61 ± 0.03 pCl/pNa (P < 0.01) and from 2.7 ± 0.1 × 105 to 2.1 ± 0.1 × 105 RFU (P < 0.001) in 5-Gy mice treated with AA-ORS for 6 d compared with saline. Irradiation-induced ultrastructural changes of TJs characterized by decreased electron density and gap formation improved with AA-ORS. Reduced claudin-1, -3, and -7 membrane expression after TBI recovered with AA-ORS within 6 d, whereas claudin-2 decreased indicating restitution of TJ proteins. CONCLUSIONS Radiation-induced functional and structural disruption of the intestinal barrier in mice is reversed by AA-ORS rendering AA-ORS a potential treatment option in prospective clinical trials in patients with gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reshu Gupta
- Entrinsic Health Solutions, Norwood, MA, USA
| | - Liangjie Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lauren A Vaught
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Paul G Okunieff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sadasivan Vidyasagar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wu CJ, Lu M, Feng X, Nakato G, Udey MC. Matriptase Cleaves EpCAM and TROP2 in Keratinocytes, Destabilizing Both Proteins and Associated Claudins. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041027. [PMID: 32326212 PMCID: PMC7226414 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The homologs EpCAM and TROP2, which both interact with claudin-1 and claudin-7, are frequently coexpressed in epithelia including skin. Intestine uniquely expresses high levels of EpCAM but not TROP2. We previously identified EpCAM as a substrate of the membrane-anchored protease matriptase and linked HAI-2, matriptase, EpCAM and claudin-7 in a pathway that is pivotal for intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) homeostasis. Herein, we reveal that TROP2 is also a matriptase substrate. Matriptase cleaved TROP2 when purified recombinant proteins were mixed in vitro. TROP2, like EpCAM, was also cleaved after co-transfection of matriptase in 293T cells. Neither EpCAM nor TROP2 cleavage was promoted by protease-disabled matriptase or matriptase that harbored the ichthyosis-associated G827R mutation. We confirmed that EpCAM and TROP2 are both expressed in skin and detected cleavage of these proteins in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) after the physiologic inhibition of matriptase by HAI proteins was relieved by siRNA knockdown. Knockdown of EpCAM or TROP2 individually had only small effects on claudin-1 and claudin-7 levels, whereas elimination of both markedly diminished claudin levels. HAI-1 knockdown promoted EpCAM and TROP2 cleavage accompanied by reductions in claudins, whereas HAI-2 knockdown had little impact. Double knockdown of HAI-1 and HAI-2 induced nearly complete cleavage of EpCAM and TROP2 and drastic reductions of claudins. These effects were eliminated by concurrent matriptase knockdown. Decreases in claudin levels were also diminished by the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine and cleaved EpCAM/TROP2 fragments accumulated preferentially. We demonstrate that TROP2 and EpCAM exhibit redundancies with regard to regulation of claudin metabolism and that an HAI, matriptase, EpCAM and claudin pathway analogous to what we described in IECs exists in keratinocytes. This study may offer insights into the mechanistic basis for matriptase dysregulation-induced ichthyosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Jin Wu
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: (C.-J.W.); (M.C.U.); Tel.: +1-301-760-7452 (C.-J.W.); +1-314-454-8547 (M.C.U.)
| | - Michael Lu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Xu Feng
- Retired from National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Gaku Nakato
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan;
| | - Mark C. Udey
- Dermatology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Correspondence: (C.-J.W.); (M.C.U.); Tel.: +1-301-760-7452 (C.-J.W.); +1-314-454-8547 (M.C.U.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yoshida S, Miwa H, Kawachi T, Kume S, Takahashi K. Generation of intestinal organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells for drug testing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5989. [PMID: 32249832 PMCID: PMC7136241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug absorption via the intestinal tissue is modulated by membrane permeability and metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In drug discovery research, using human IECs to evaluate membrane permeability and metabolic stability can offer very useful information when exploring for drug candidate compounds that have good bioavailability and when trying to predict the fraction absorbed and intestinal availability in humans. Here, we evaluated the pharmacokinetic functions of human IECs differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in 3D cultures. As human IECs differentiated in 3D cultures form intestinal organoids and spheroids (herein termed organoids), their morphology makes it difficult to evaluate their pharmacokinetic functions. Therefore, we dissociated intestinal organoids into single cells and attempted to purify human IECs. We found that hiPSC-derived IECs (hiPSC-IECs) expressed the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and could be highly purified by sorting EpCAM+ cells. The hiPSC-IEC monolayer showed a high TEER value (approximately 350 Ω × cm2). In addition, hiPSC-IECs oxidatively metabolized terfenadine (CYP3A and CYP2J2 substrate) and midazolam (CYP3A substrate). These results indicated that hiPSC-IECs form tight-junction and have cytochrome P450 enzymatic activities. In conclusion, we developed a novel application of hiPSC-derived intestinal organoids for drug testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Yoshida
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Research Laboratory for Development, SHIONOGI & CO., LTD., 3-1-1, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Miwa
- Drug Discovery Technologies, Drug Discovery & Disease Research Laboratory, SHIONOGI & CO., LTD., 3-1-1, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawachi
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Research Laboratory for Development, SHIONOGI & CO., LTD., 3-1-1, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoen Kume
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8501, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Drug Discovery Technologies, Drug Discovery & Disease Research Laboratory, SHIONOGI & CO., LTD., 3-1-1, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mohtar MA, Syafruddin SE, Nasir SN, Yew LT. Revisiting the Roles of Pro-Metastatic EpCAM in Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020255. [PMID: 32046162 PMCID: PMC7072682 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a cell surface protein that was discovered as a tumour marker of epithelial origins nearly four decades ago. EpCAM is expressed at basal levels in the basolateral membrane of normal epithelial cells. However, EpCAM expression is upregulated in solid epithelial cancers and stem cells. EpCAM can also be found in disseminated tumour cells and circulating tumour cells. Various OMICs studies have demonstrated that EpCAM plays roles in several key biological processes such as cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, EpCAM can be detected in the bodily fluid of cancer patients suggesting that EpCAM is a pathophysiologically relevant anti-tumour target as well as being utilized as a diagnostic/prognostic agent for a variety of cancers. This review will focus on the structure-features of EpCAM protein and discuss recent evidence on the pathological and physiological roles of EpCAM in modulating cell adhesion and signalling pathways in cancers as well as deliberating the clinical implication of EpCAM as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The recognition that intestinal microbiota exert profound effects on human health has led to major advances in our understanding of disease processes. Studies over the past 20 years have shown that host components, including components of the host immune system, shape the microbial community. Pathogenic alterations in commensal microorganisms contribute to disease manifestations that are generally considered to be noncommunicable, such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes mellitus and liver disease, through a variety of mechanisms, including effects on host immunity. More recent studies have shed new light on how the immune system and microbiota might also drive the pathogenesis of renal disorders. In this Review, we discuss the latest insights into the mechanisms regulating the microbiome composition, with a focus both on genetics and environmental factors, and describe how commensal microorganisms calibrate innate and adaptive immune responses to affect the activation threshold for pathogenic stimulations. We discuss the mechanisms that lead to intestinal epithelial barrier inflammation and the relevance of certain bacteria to the pathogenesis of two common kidney-based disorders: hypertension and renal stone disease. Limitations of current approaches to microbiota research are also highlighted, emphasizing the need to move beyond studies of correlation to causation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Knauf
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Richard Brewer
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Szabo R, Callies LK, Bugge TH. Matriptase drives early-onset intestinal failure in a mouse model of congenital tufting enteropathy. Development 2019; 146:dev183392. [PMID: 31628112 PMCID: PMC6899019 DOI: 10.1242/dev.183392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Syndromic congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE) is a life-threatening recessive human genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in SPINT2, encoding the protease inhibitor HAI-2, and is characterized by severe intestinal dysfunction. We recently reported the generation of a Spint2-deficient mouse model of CTE. Here, we show that the CTE-associated early-onset intestinal failure and lethality of Spint2-deficient mice is caused by unchecked activity of the serine protease matriptase. Macroscopic and histological defects observed in the absence of HAI-2, including villous atrophy, luminal bleeding, loss of mucin-producing goblet cells, loss of defined crypt architecture and the resulting acute inflammatory response in the large intestine, were all prevented by intestinal-specific inactivation of the St14 gene encoding matriptase. The CTE-associated loss of the cell junctional proteins EpCAM and claudin 7 was also prevented. As a result, inactivation of intestinal matriptase allowed Spint2-deficient mice to gain weight after birth and dramatically increased their lifespan. These data implicate matriptase as a causative agent in the development of CTE and may provide a new target for the treatment of CTE in individuals carrying SPINT2 mutations.This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Szabo
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - LuLu K Callies
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas H Bugge
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|