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Flaherty SE, Bezy O, Paulhus BL, Song L, Piper M, Pang J, Park Y, Asano S, Lien YC, Griffin JD, Robertson A, Opsahl A, Shanthappa DH, Ahn Y, Pashos E, Simmons RA, Birnbaum MJ, Wu Z. SPAG7 deletion causes intrauterine growth restriction, resulting in adulthood obesity and metabolic dysfunction. eLife 2024; 12:RP91114. [PMID: 39056292 PMCID: PMC11281781 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
From a forward mutagenetic screen to discover mutations associated with obesity, we identified mutations in the Spag7 gene linked to metabolic dysfunction in mice. Here, we show that SPAG7 KO mice are born smaller and develop obesity and glucose intolerance in adulthood. This obesity does not stem from hyperphagia, but a decrease in energy expenditure. The KO animals also display reduced exercise tolerance and muscle function due to impaired mitochondrial function. Furthermore, SPAG7-deficiency in developing embryos leads to intrauterine growth restriction, brought on by placental insufficiency, likely due to abnormal development of the placental junctional zone. This insufficiency leads to loss of SPAG7-deficient fetuses in utero and reduced birth weights of those that survive. We hypothesize that a 'thrifty phenotype' is ingrained in SPAG7 KO animals during development that leads to adult obesity. Collectively, these results indicate that SPAG7 is essential for embryonic development and energy homeostasis later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Bezy
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer IncCambridgeUnited States
| | | | - LouJin Song
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer IncCambridgeUnited States
| | - Mary Piper
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer IncCambridgeUnited States
| | - Jincheng Pang
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer IncCambridgeUnited States
| | - Yoson Park
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer IncCambridgeUnited States
| | - Shoh Asano
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer IncCambridgeUnited States
| | - Yu-Chin Lien
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - John D Griffin
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer IncCambridgeUnited States
| | - Andrew Robertson
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer IncGrotonUnited States
| | - Alan Opsahl
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer IncGrotonUnited States
| | | | | | - Evanthia Pashos
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer IncCambridgeUnited States
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | | | - Zhidan Wu
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer IncCambridgeUnited States
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Inanc A, Bektas NI, Kecoglu I, Parlatan U, Durkut B, Ucak M, Unlu MB, Celik-Ozenci C. Label-free differentiation of functional zones in mature mouse placenta using micro-Raman imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3441-3456. [PMID: 38855670 PMCID: PMC11161348 DOI: 10.1364/boe.521500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
In histopathology, it is highly crucial to have chemical and structural information about tissues. Additionally, the segmentation of zones within a tissue plays a vital role in investigating the functions of these regions for better diagnosis and treatment. The placenta plays a vital role in embryonic and fetal development and in diagnosing some diseases associated with its dysfunction. This study provides a label-free approach to obtain the images of mature mouse placenta together with the chemical differences between the tissue compartments using Raman spectroscopy. To generate the Raman images, spectra of placental tissue were collected using a custom-built optical setup. The pre-processed spectra were analyzed using statistical and machine learning methods to acquire the Raman maps. We found that the placental regions called decidua and the labyrinth zone are biochemically distinct from the junctional zone. A histologist performed a comparison and evaluation of the Raman map with histological images of the placental tissue, and they were found to agree. The results of this study show that Raman spectroscopy offers the possibility of label-free monitoring of the placental tissue from mature mice while simultaneously revealing crucial structural information about the zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arda Inanc
- Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Bebek, Besiktas, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Nayce Ilayda Bektas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Pınarbasi, Konyaalti, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Kecoglu
- Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Bebek, Besiktas, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Ugur Parlatan
- Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Bebek, Besiktas, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Begum Durkut
- Koc University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Reproductive Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Ucak
- Koc University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Reproductive Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Burcin Unlu
- Faculty of Engineering, Ozyegin University, Nisantepe, Cekmekoy, Istanbul 34794, Turkey
- Faculty of Aviation and Aeronautical Sciences, Ozyegin University, Nisantepe, Cekmekoy, Istanbul 34794, Turkey
| | - Ciler Celik-Ozenci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Koc University, Rumelifeneri, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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3
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Gil MA, Cambra JM, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Cuello C, Parrilla I, Martinez EA. In-depth proteome characterization of endometrium and extraembryonic membranes during implantation in pig. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:43. [PMID: 38468318 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteome characterization of the porcine endometrium and extraembryonic membranes is important to understand mother-embryo cross-communication. In this study, the proteome of the endometrium and chorioallantoic membrane was characterized in pregnant sows (PS) during early gestation (d 18 and 24 of gestation) and in the endometrium of non-pregnant sows (NPS) during the same days using LC-MS/MS analysis. The UniProtKB database and ClueGO were used to obtain functional Gene Ontology annotations and biological and functional networks, respectively. RESULTS Our analysis yielded 3,254 and 3,457 proteins identified in the endometrium of PS and NPS, respectively; of these, 1,753 being common while 1,501 and 1,704 were exclusive to PS and NPS, respectively. In addition, we identified 3,968 proteins in the extraembryonic membranes of PS. Further analyses of function revealed some proteins had relevance for the immune system process and biological adhesion in endometrium while the embryonic chorion displayed abundance of proteins related to cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization, suggesting they dominated the moment of endometrial remodeling, implantation and adhesion of the lining epithelia. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD042565. CONCLUSION This is the first in-depth proteomic characterization of the endometrium and extraembryonic membranes during weeks 3 to 4 of gestation; data that contribute to the molecular understanding of the dynamic environment during this critical period, associated with the majority of pregnancy losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Gil
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez
- Department of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences (BKV), BKH/Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Cristina Cuello
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), Murcia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Parrilla
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), Murcia, Spain.
| | - Emilio A Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), Murcia, Spain
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Salas J, Garcia A, Zora V, Dornbush S, Mousa-Ibrahim F, Fogg H, Gromley Z, Gromley A. Centriolin interacts with HectD1 in a cell cycle dependent manner. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:375. [PMID: 38115153 PMCID: PMC10731774 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The centrosome is universally recognized as the microtubule organizing center of animal cells, but emerging evidence suggests that it has other important functions including primary cilia formation, DNA damage checkpoints, and cell cycle progression. Despite this, the role of individual components of the centrosome remains unclear. Previous studies suggest that one component, centriolin, has an important function in cytokinesis and cell cycle progression, although its exact role in these processes is not known. To determine how centriolin influences the progression through the cell cycle, we sought to identify interacting partners that may be involved in regulating its function. RESULTS This study provides evidence that the ubiquitin E3 ligase HectD1 binds to centriolin and that this association likely accounts for our observation that HectD1 co-localizes with centriolin at the centrosome during mitosis. In addition to its centrosomal localization, we also show that the expression of HectD1 fluctuates throughout the cell cycle, with the highest levels during mitosis, coinciding with a marked reduction in centriolin expression. We propose that the interaction between HectD1 and centriolin may be necessary for normal cell cycle progression and we speculate that this function may involve HectD1-mediated degradation of centriolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Salas
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Alexander Garcia
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Vancy Zora
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Sean Dornbush
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Fady Mousa-Ibrahim
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Hanna Fogg
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Zeynep Gromley
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Adam Gromley
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA.
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Jeong DS, Lee JY, Kim MH, Oh JH. Regulation of sexually dimorphic placental adaptation in LPS exposure-induced intrauterine growth restriction. Mol Med 2023; 29:114. [PMID: 37718409 PMCID: PMC10506314 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual dimorphism in placental physiology affects the functionality of placental adaptation during adverse pregnancy. Defects of placental function compromise fetal programming, affecting the offspring's adult life. However, studies focusing on the relationship between sex-specific placental adaptation and consequent fetal maldevelopment under sub-optimal uterus milieu are still elusive. METHODS Here, we investigated the effects of maternal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure between placental sex. Pregnant ICR mice received intraperitoneal injection of phosphate-buffered saline or 100, 200, and 400 µg/kg LPS on the gestational day (GD) 15.5. To determine whether prenatal maternal LPS exposure resulted in complicated pregnancy outcomes, survival rate of embryos was calculated and the growth of embryos and placentas was examined. To elucidate global transcriptomic changes occurring in the placenta, total RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed in female and male placentas. RESULTS LPS administration induced placental inflammation in both sexes at GD 17.5. Prenatal infection resulted in growth retardation in both sexes of embryos, and especially more prevalently in male. Impaired placental development was observed in a sex-specific manner. LPS 400 µg/kg reduced the percentage area of the labyrinth in females and junctional zone in males, respectively. RNA-sequencing revealed widespread sexually dimorphic transcriptional changes in placenta. In particular, representative changes were involved in biological processes such as trophoblast differentiation, nutrient/ion transporter, pregnancy, and immune system. CONCLUSIONS Our results present the sexually dimorphic responses of placental physiology in intrauterine growth restriction model and provide tentative relationship further to be elucidated between sex-biased placental functional change and long-term effects on the offspring's later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology Laboratory, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Lee
- Vivozon, Inc, Kolon Digital Tower3, 49, Achasan-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hee Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology Laboratory, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Keimyung University College of Natural Sciences, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
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Liao S, Zheng Q, Shen H, Yang G, Xu Y, Zhang X, Ouyang H, Pan Z. HECTD1-Mediated Ubiquitination and Degradation of Rubicon Regulates Autophagy and Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:387-400. [PMID: 36121967 DOI: 10.1002/art.42369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative joint diseases and is associated with autophagy suppression. However, the molecular mechanism of autophagy regulation in the context of OA is not fully understood. In this study, we sought to determine the role that HECTD1 plays in the pathogenesis of OA. METHODS We used RNA sequencing analysis to explore the differential expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase genes in healthy human cartilage and human cartilage affected by OA. Using surgery- and aging-induced OA mouse models, we comprehensively analyzed the function of the screened gene Hectd1 in the development of OA; furthermore, we dissected the mechanism by which HECTD1 regulates autophagy and OA progression using a combination of molecular biologic, cell biologic, and biochemical approaches. RESULTS HECTD1 was significantly down-regulated in human OA cartilage samples compared to healthy cartilage samples. Overexpression of HECTD1 in mouse joints alleviated OA pathogenesis, whereas conditional depletion of Hectd1 in cartilage samples aggravated surgery- and aging-induced OA pathogenesis. Mechanistically, HECTD1 bound to Rubicon and ubiquitinated Rubicon at lysine residue 534, which targets Rubicon for proteasomal degradation. More importantly, HECTD1-mediated Rubicon degradation regulated chondrocyte autophagy, leading to mitigation of stress-induced chondrocyte death and the subsequent progression of OA. CONCLUSION HECTD1 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of OA, in that HECTD1 regulates chondrocyte autophagy by ubiquitinating and targeting Rubicon for proteasomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Liao
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zheng
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haotian Shen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang China, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuzi Xu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zongyou Pan
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
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7
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Tao S, Zhang X, Tian F, Pan B, Peng R, Wang Y, Xia M, Yang M, Hu J, Kan H, Xu Y, Li W. Maternal exposure to ambient PM 2.5 causes fetal growth restriction via the inhibition of spiral artery remodeling in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 237:113512. [PMID: 35429798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal exposure to ambient fine particulate matters (PM2.5) is associated with low birth weight (LBW) in offspring, but the underlying biological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. As the bridge that connects mother and fetus, the placenta plays a crucial role in fetal development by providing the fetus with nutrients and oxygen. However, whether PM2.5 exposure would impact the placental development and the related mechanisms are unclear. RESULTS In the present study, female C57Bl/6j mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) during pregestational and gestational periods, and the fetal development and placental structure were investigated. Our results showed that maternal exposure to CAP induced fetal growth restriction (FGR) and LBW. The placenta from CAP-exposed mice exhibited abnormal development including significant decrease of surface area, smaller junctional zone and impaired spiral artery remodeling. Meanwhile, CAP exposure altered trophoblast lineage differentiation and disrupted the balance between angiogenic and angiostatic factors in placenta. In addition, the inflammatory cytokines levels in lung, placenta and serum were significantly increased after ambient PM2.5 exposure. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that maternal exposure to PM2.5 disrupts normal structure and spiral artery remodeling of placenta and further induces FGR and LBW. This effect may be caused by the placental inflammation response subsequent to the pulmonary and systemic inflammation induced by ambient PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Tao
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Fang Tian
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Renzhen Peng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Minjie Xia
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Mingjun Yang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jingying Hu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Weihua Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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8
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Cruz Walma DA, Chen Z, Bullock AN, Yamada KM. Ubiquitin ligases: guardians of mammalian development. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:350-367. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Elmore SA, Cochran RZ, Bolon B, Lubeck B, Mahler B, Sabio D, Ward JM. Histology Atlas of the Developing Mouse Placenta. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 50:60-117. [PMID: 34872401 PMCID: PMC8678285 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211042270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of the mouse as a model organism is common in translational research. This mouse-human similarity holds true for placental development as well. Proper formation of the placenta is vital for development and survival of the maturing embryo. Placentation involves sequential steps with both embryonic and maternal cell lineages playing important roles. The first step in placental development is formation of the blastocyst wall (approximate embryonic days [E] 3.0-3.5). After implantation (∼E4.5), extraembryonic endoderm progressively lines the inner surface of the blastocyst wall (∼E4.5-5.0), forming the yolk sac that provides histiotrophic support to the embryo; subsequently, formation of the umbilical vessels (∼E8.5) supports transition to the chorioallantoic placenta and hemotrophic nutrition. The fully mature ("definitive") placenta is established by ∼E12.5. Abnormal placental development often leads to embryonic mortality, with the timing of death depending on when placental insufficiency takes place and which cells are involved. This comprehensive macroscopic and microscopic atlas highlights the key features of normal and abnormal mouse placental development from E4.5 to E18.5. This in-depth overview of a transient (and thus seldom-analyzed) developmental tissue should serve as a useful reference to aid researchers in identifying and describing mouse placental changes in engineered, induced, and spontaneous disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Elmore
- National Toxicology Program, 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Robert Z Cochran
- National Toxicology Program, 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Beth Lubeck
- National Toxicology Program, 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Beth Mahler
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - David Sabio
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jerrold M Ward
- Global Vet Pathology, Montgomery Village, MD, USA *Co-first authors
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10
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Involvement of HECTD1 in LPS-induced astrocyte activation via σ-1R-JNK/p38-FOXJ2 axis. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:62. [PMID: 33781347 PMCID: PMC8008527 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes participate in innate inflammatory responses within the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). HECT domain E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HECTD1) functions during microglial activation, suggesting a connection with neuroinflammation. However, the potential role of HECTD1 in astrocytes remains largely unknown. RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that HECTD1 was upregulated in primary mouse astrocytes after 100 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Genetic knockdown of HECTD1 in vitro or astrocyte-specific knockdown of HECTD1 in vivo suppressed LPS-induced astrocyte activation, whereas overexpression of HECTD1 in vitro facilitated LPS-induced astrocyte activation. Mechanistically, we established that LPS activated σ-1R-JNK/p38 pathway, and σ-1R antagonist BD1047, JNK inhibitor SP600125, or p38 inhibitor SB203580 reversed LPS-induced expression of HECTD1, thus restored LPS-induced astrocyte activation. In addition, FOXJ2 functioned as a transcription factor of HECTD1, and pretreatment of primary mouse astrocytes with BD1047, SB203580, and SP600125 significantly inhibited LPS-mediated translocation of FOXJ2 into the nucleus. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our present findings suggest that HECTD1 participates in LPS-induced astrocyte activation by activation of σ-1R-JNK/p38-FOXJ2 pathway and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation induced by LPS or any other neuroinflammatory disorders.
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11
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Lv K, Gong C, Antony C, Han X, Ren JG, Donaghy R, Cheng Y, Pellegrino S, Warren AJ, Paralkar VR, Tong W. HectD1 controls hematopoietic stem cell regeneration by coordinating ribosome assembly and protein synthesis. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1275-1290.e9. [PMID: 33711283 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Impaired ribosome function is the underlying etiology in a group of bone marrow failure syndromes called ribosomopathies. However, how ribosomes are regulated remains poorly understood, as are approaches to restore hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function loss because of defective ribosome biogenesis. Here we reveal a role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase HectD1 in regulating HSC function via ribosome assembly and protein translation. Hectd1-deficient HSCs exhibit a striking defect in transplantation ability and ex vivo maintenance concomitant with reduced protein synthesis and growth rate under stress conditions. Mechanistically, HectD1 ubiquitinates and degrades ZNF622, an assembly factor for the ribosomal 60S subunit. Hectd1 loss leads to accumulation of ZNF622 and the anti-association factor eIF6 on 60S, resulting in 60S/40S joining defects. Importantly, Znf622 depletion in Hectd1-deficient HSCs restored ribosomal subunit joining, protein synthesis, and HSC reconstitution capacity. These findings highlight the importance of ubiquitin-coordinated ribosome assembly in HSC regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaosheng Lv
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chujie Gong
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charles Antony
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xu Han
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jian-Gang Ren
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ryan Donaghy
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ying Cheng
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Simone Pellegrino
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alan J Warren
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vikram R Paralkar
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wei Tong
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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12
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Eckmann M, Sheng Q, Baldwin H S, Lister RL. Maternal Hyperglycemia Induces Changes in Gene Expression and Morphology in Mouse Placentas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 5. [PMID: 34250501 DOI: 10.33425/2639-9342.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Pregestational diabetes complicates one million pregnancies in the United States and is associated with placental dysfunction. Placental dysfunction can manifest as stillbirth, spontaneous abortions, fetal growth restriction, and preeclampsia in the mother. However, the underlying mechanisms of placental dysfunction are not well understood. Objective We hypothesize that maternal hyperglycemia disrupts cellular processes important for normal vascular development and function. Study Design Hyperglycemia, defined as a non-fasting glucose concentration of >250 mg/dL was induced in eight-week-old female CD1 mice by injecting a one-time intraperitoneal dose of 150mg/kg streptozotocin. Control mice received an equal volume of normal saline. Hyperglycemic and control females were mated with CD-1 males. At Embryonic Day 17.5, the pregnant mice were euthanized. Sixty-eight placentas were harvested from the six euglycemic dams and twenty-six placentas were harvested from three hyperglycemic dams. RNA was extracted from homogenized placental tissue (N=12/group; 2-4 placentas per litter of each group). Total RNA was prepared and sequenced. Differentially expressed genes that were >2-fold change was considered significant. Placentas (9-20/group) were fixed in paraffin wax and sectioned at 6 μm. Cross-sectional areas of placental zones were evaluated using slides stained for hematoxylin and eosin, glycogen, collagen, proliferation and apoptosis. Quantification of staining intensity and percent positive nuclei was done using Leica Image Hub Data software. Data were compared between the control and experimental group using t-tests. Values of p < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results The average maternal blood glucose concentrations for control and diabetic dams were 112+/-24 and 473+/-47 respectively (p<0.0001). A higher rate of resorptions was noted in the hyperglycemia exposed placentas compared to euglycemic exposed placentas (24% vs 7%; p=0.04). A total of 24 RNA libraries (12/group) were prepared. Placentas from hyperglycemic pregnancies exhibited 1374 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The 10 most significantly differentially expressed genes are Filip 1, Prom 2, Fam 78a, Pde4d, Pou3f1, Kcnk5, Dusp4, Cxcr4, Slc6a4 and D430019H16Rik. Their corresponding biologic functions are related to chemotaxis, ossification, cellular and vascular development. Histologically, we found that hyperglycemia exposed placentas demonstrated increased proliferation, apoptosis, and glycogen content and decreased collagen deposition. Conclusion There was a higher rate of resorptions in the pregnancies of hyperglycemic dams. Pregestational diabetes resulted in significant changes in placental morphology, including increased glycogen content in the spongiotrophoblast, decreased collagen deposition, increased apoptosis and proliferation in the junction zone. Maternal diabetes causes widespread disruption in multiple cellular processes important for normal vascular development and sets the platform for placenta dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Eckmann
- Vanderbilt University Medical School, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Department of Biostatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Scott Baldwin H
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Rolanda L Lister
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37080, United States
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13
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The effect of Ipomoea carnea on maternal reproductive outcomes and fetal and postnatal development in rats. Toxicon 2020; 190:3-10. [PMID: 33253700 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ipomoea carnea is a toxic plant found in Brazil and other tropical countries. The plant contains the alkaloids calystegines and swainsonine, which inhibit key cellular enzymes and cause systematic cell death. It is known that swainsonine is excreted in the amniotic fluid of dams exposed to the plant. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify whether the toxic effect of I. carnea on fetuses is due to exclusively the passage of the active principle of the plant through the placenta, or if the placentotoxic effect of swainsonine could collaborate in the adverse effects observed in the fetus. The teratogenic effects of exposure to the toxic principles of I. carnea were evaluated not only using the conventional protocol but also at later stages in the postnatal developmental period. Females were treated, from gestation day (GD) 6 until GD19, with 0.0, 1.0, 3.0 or 7.0 g/kg body weight of I. carnea dry leaves. The plant did not induce changes in reproductive performance or biochemical profile of the dams. Dams that received the highest dose of I. carnea showed cytoplasmic vacuolization in the liver, kidney and placental tissue. I. carnea promoted different lectin binding patterns in different areas of placental tissue. No fetal skeletal or visceral malformations was observed. The postnatal evaluation revealed a lower litter weight and a lower pup body weight one day after birth in the group that received the highest dose of I. carnea. Physical milestones were unaffected by the treatments. Female pups from all experimental groups exhibited a delay in achieving a negative geotaxis response. The results show that the toxic principle of I. carnea produces injury in utero in mothers and fetuses, but these deleterious effects were better demonstrated using postnatal evaluation.
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14
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Dong J, Shin N, Lee JY, Jia B, Chudnovets A, McLane MW, Li S, Na Q, Lei J, Burd I. Maternal inflammation leads to different mTORC1 activity varied by anatomic locations in mouse placenta†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:1046-1055. [PMID: 31403169 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal inflammation (MI) is associated with many adverse perinatal outcomes. The placenta plays a vital role in mediating maternal-fetal resource allocation. Studies have shown that MI contributes to placental dysfunction, which then leads to adverse birth outcomes and high health risks throughout childhood. Placental mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway links maternal nutrient availability to fetal growth; however, the impact of MI on mTORC1 signaling in the placenta remains unclear. In this study, we sought to explore the changes of mTORC1 signaling in the mouse placenta at late gestation by using two models of MI employing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) to mimic acute (aMI) and sub-chronic (cMI) inflammatory states, respectively. We determined placental mTORC1 activity by measuring the activity of mTORC1 downstream molecules, including S6k, 4Ebp1, and rpS6. In the aMI model, we found that mTORC1 activity was significantly decreased in the placental decidual and junctional zone at 2 and 6 h after LPS surgery, respectively; however, mTORC1 activity was significantly increased in the placental labyrinth zone at 2, 6, and 24 h after LPS treatment, respectively. In the cMI model, we observed that mTORC1 activity was increased only in the placental labyrinth zone after consecutive IL-1β exposure. Our study reveals that different parts of the mouse placenta react differently to MI, leading to variable mTORC1 activity throughout the placenta. This suggests that different downstream molecules of mTORC1 from different parts of the mouse placenta may be used in clinical research to monitor the fetal well-being during MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Na Shin
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bei Jia
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Chudnovets
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael W McLane
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Su Li
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Quan Na
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Lei
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Irina Burd
- Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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D'Alonzo D, Emch FH, Shen X, Bruder E, De Geyter C, Zhang H. Hectd1 is essential for embryogenesis in mice. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 34:119064. [PMID: 31301385 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.119064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many aspects of the functional role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Hectd1 in embryogenesis and in cell biology still remain to be elucidated. In order to contribute to this task we now report the generation of a new transgenic mouse model for Hectd1 using the gene trap strategy. The HECT domain deletion mutant mouse was created by inserting a β-geo cassette into the Hectd1 locus. Mice homozygous for Hectd1-mutant showed early embryonic lethality with abnormal placental development and defective of neural tube closure resulting in exencephaly. The thickness of the placenta of both Hectd1-mutant homozygous and heterozygous mice was distinctly thinner than that of wildtype mice, the difference being most pronounced in the labyrinth layer of the placenta. We also addressed the temporal and spatial expression profiles of Hectd1 in adult tissues by X-gal staining. Hectd1 expression was detected in specific cell populations of most but not all tissues of the adult organism. Furthermore, the expression of Hectd1 was regulated by insulin and by both heat and hypoxia. Thus, our studies reveal that Hectd1 is indispensable for normal embryogenesis and fetal survival. The generation of this new Hectd1 mutant mouse model provides ample opportunities to study the function of Hectd1 in mammalian cells in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato D'Alonzo
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Hélène Emch
- Clinic of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- Clinic of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland; Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, 64 Jing Tang ST, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400013, PR China
| | - Elisabeth Bruder
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian De Geyter
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland; Clinic of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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16
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Sugrue KF, Sarkar AA, Leatherbury L, Zohn IE. The ubiquitin ligase HECTD1 promotes retinoic acid signaling required for development of the aortic arch. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.036491. [PMID: 30578278 PMCID: PMC6361158 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.036491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the aortic arch is a complex process that involves remodeling of the bilaterally symmetrical pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs) into the mature asymmetric aortic arch. Retinoic acid signaling is a key regulator of this process by directing patterning of the second heart field (SHF), formation of the caudal PAAs and subsequent remodeling of the PAAs to form the aortic arch. Here, we identify the HECTD1 ubiquitin ligase as a novel modulator of retinoic acid signaling during this process. Hectd1opm/opm homozygous mutant embryos show a spectrum of aortic arch abnormalities that occur following loss of 4th PAAs and increased SHF marker expression. This sequence of defects is similar to phenotypes observed in mutant mouse models with reduced retinoic acid signaling. Importantly, HECTD1 binds to and influences ubiquitination of the retinoic acid receptor, alpha (RARA). Furthermore, reduced activation of a retinoic acid response element (RARE) reporter is detected in Hectd1 mutant cells and embryos. Interestingly, Hectd1opm/+ heterozygous embryos exhibit reduced retinoic acid signaling, along with intermediate increased expression of SHF markers; however, heterozygotes show normal development of the aortic arch. Decreasing retinoic acid synthesis by reducing Raldh2 (also known as Aldh1a2) gene dosage in Hectd1opm/+ heterozygous embryos reveals a genetic interaction. Double heterozygous embryos show hypoplasia of the 4th PAA and increased incidence of a benign aortic arch variant, in which the transverse arch between the brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries is shortened. Together, our data establish that HECTD1 is a novel regulator of retinoic acid signaling required for proper aortic arch development. Editor's choice: The HECTD1 ubiquitin ligase is a novel modulator of retinoic acid signaling during aortic arch development and provides a model for complex interactions underlying variations in aortic arch development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey F Sugrue
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.,Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Anjali A Sarkar
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Linda Leatherbury
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Irene E Zohn
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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17
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Aleidi SM, Yang A, Sharpe LJ, Rao G, Cochran BJ, Rye KA, Kockx M, Brown AJ, Gelissen IC. The E3 ubiquitin ligase, HECTD1, is involved in ABCA1-mediated cholesterol export from macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:359-368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Excessive proliferation and migration of fibroblasts contribute to pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis, and both epithelial cells and endothelial cells participate in the accumulation of fibroblasts via the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT), respectively. A mouse endothelial cell line (MML1) was exposed to silicon dioxide (SiO2, 50 μg/cm2), and immunofluorescence and western blot analyses were performed to evaluate levels of specific endothelial and mesenchymal markers and to elucidate the mechanisms by which SiO2 induces the EndMT. Functional changes were evaluated by analyzing cell migration and proliferation. The mRNA and circular RNA (circRNA) levels were measured using qPCR and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Lung tissue samples from both Tie2-GFP mice exposed to SiO2 and silicosis patients were applied to confirm the observations from in vitro experiments. Based on the results from the current study, SiO2 increased the expression of mesenchymal markers (type I collagen (COL1A1), type III collagen (COL3A1) and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA/Acta2)) and decreased the expression of endothelial markers (vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-Cad/Cdh 5) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM1)), indicating the occurrence of the EndMT in response to SiO2 exposure both in vivo and in vitro. SiO2 concomitantly increased circHECTD1 expression, which, in turn, inhibited HECTD1 protein expression. SiO2-induced increases in cell proliferation, migration, and changes in marker levels were restored by either a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting circHECTD1 or overexpression of HECTD1 via the CRISPR/Cas9 system, confirming the involvement of the circHECTD1/HECTD1 pathway in the EndMT. Moreover, tissue samples from SiO2-exposed mice and silicosis patients confirmed the EndMT and change in HECTD1 expression. Our findings reveal a potentially new function for the circHECTD1/HECTD1 pathway and suggest a possible mechanism of fibrosis in patients with pulmonary silicosis.
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19
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Woods L, Perez-Garcia V, Hemberger M. Regulation of Placental Development and Its Impact on Fetal Growth-New Insights From Mouse Models. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:570. [PMID: 30319550 PMCID: PMC6170611 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is the chief regulator of nutrient supply to the growing embryo during gestation. As such, adequate placental function is instrumental for developmental progression throughout intrauterine development. One of the most common complications during pregnancy is insufficient growth of the fetus, a problem termed intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) that is most frequently rooted in a malfunctional placenta. Together with conventional gene targeting approaches, recent advances in screening mouse mutants for placental defects, combined with the ability to rapidly induce mutations in vitro and in vivo by CRISPR-Cas9 technology, has provided new insights into the contribution of the genome to normal placental development. Most importantly, these data have demonstrated that far more genes are required for normal placentation than previously appreciated. Here, we provide a summary of common types of placental defects in established mouse mutants, which will help us gain a better understanding of the genes impacting on human placentation. Based on a recent mouse mutant screen, we then provide examples on how these data can be mined to identify novel molecular hubs that may be critical for placental development. Given the close association between placental defects and abnormal cardiovascular and brain development, these functional nodes may also shed light onto the etiology of birth defects that co-occur with placental malformations. Taken together, recent insights into the regulation of mouse placental development have opened up new avenues for research that will promote the study of human pregnancy conditions, notably those based on defects in placentation that underlie the most common pregnancy pathologies such as IUGR and pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Woods
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vicente Perez-Garcia
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Vicente Perez-Garcia
| | - Myriam Hemberger
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Myriam Hemberger
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20
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Shen X, Jia Z, D'Alonzo D, Wang X, Bruder E, Emch FH, De Geyter C, Zhang H. HECTD1 controls the protein level of IQGAP1 to regulate the dynamics of adhesive structures. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:2. [PMID: 28073378 PMCID: PMC5225595 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell migration including collective cell movement and individual cell migration are crucial factors in embryogenesis. During the spreading/migration of cells, several types of adhesive structures physically interacting with the extracellular matrix (ECM) or with another cell have been described and the formation and maturation of adhesion structures are coordinated, however the molecular pathways involved are still not fully understood. Results We generated a mouse embryonic fibroblast line (MEF) from homozygous mutant (Hectd1R/R, Hectd1Gt(RRC200)) mouse of the E3 ubiquitin ligase for inhibin B receptor (Hectd1). Detailed examination of cell motion on MEF cells demonstrated that loss of Hectd1 resulted in accelerated cell spreading and migration but impaired directionality of migration. In Hectd1R/R cells paxillin and zyxin were largely mis-localized, whereas their expression levels were unchanged. In addition the formation of focal adhesions (FAs) was impaired and the focal complexes (FXs) were increased. We further identified HECTD1 as a key regulator of IQGAP1. IQGAP1 co-localized together with HECTD1 in the leading edge of cells. HECTD1 interacted with IQGAP1 and regulated its degradation through ubiquitination. Over-expression of IQGAP1 in control MEF phenocopied the spreading and migration defects of Hectd1R/R cells. In contrast, siRNA-mediated knockdown of IQGAP1 rescued the defects in cellular movement of Hectd1R/R cells. Conclusions The E3 ligase activity of Hectd1 regulates the protein level of IQGAP1 through ubiquitination and therefore mediates the dynamics of FXs including the recruitment of paxillin and actinin. IQGAP1 is one of the effectors of HECTD1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12964-016-0156-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Shen
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Present Address: Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, 64 Jing Tang ST, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Zanhui Jia
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Present Address: 2nd hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Donato D'Alonzo
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xinggang Wang
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Bruder
- Pathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Hélène Emch
- Clinic of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian De Geyter
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Clinic of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstra. 20, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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Regulation of the MEI-1/MEI-2 Microtubule-Severing Katanin Complex in Early Caenorhabditis elegans Development. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:3257-3268. [PMID: 27527792 PMCID: PMC5068946 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.031666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
After fertilization, rapid changes of the Caenorhabditis elegans cytoskeleton occur in the transition from meiosis to mitosis, requiring precise regulation. The MEI-1/MEI-2 katanin microtubule-severing complex is essential for meiotic spindle formation but must be quickly inactivated to allow for proper formation of the mitotic spindle. MEI-1/MEI-2 inactivation is dependent on multiple redundant pathways. The primary pathway employs the MEL-26 substrate adaptor for the CUL-3/cullin-based E3 ubiquitin ligase, which targets MEI-1 for proteosomal degradation. Here, we used quantitative antibody staining to measure MEI-1 levels to determine how other genes implicated in MEI-1 regulation act relative to CUL-3/MEL-26. The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, APC/C, the DYRK (Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase), MBK-2, and the CUL-2-based E3 ubiquitin ligase act together to degrade MEI-1, in parallel to MEL-26/CUL-3. CUL-2 is known to keep MEL-26 low during meiosis, so CUL-2 apparently changes its target from MEL-26 in meiosis to MEI-1 in mitosis. RFL-1, an activator of cullin E3 ubiquitin ligases, activates CUL-2 but not CUL-3 for MEI-1 elimination. HECD-1 (HECT/Homologous to the E6AP carboxyl terminus domain) E3 ligase acts as a MEI-1 activator in meiosis but functions as an inhibitor during mitosis, without affecting levels of MEI-1 or MEI-2. Our results highlight the multiple layers of MEI-1 regulation that are required during the switch from the meiotic to mitotic modes of cell division.
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22
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Lee JH, Ahn C, Kang HY, Hong EJ, Hyun SH, Choi KC, Jeung EB. Effects of Octylphenol and Bisphenol A on the Metal Cation Transporter Channels of Mouse Placentas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13100965. [PMID: 27690074 PMCID: PMC5086704 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Octylphenol (OP) and bisphenol A (BPA) are known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). During pregnancy, the expression of steroid hormone receptors is controlled by maternal and fetal nutrition. To evaluate the impact of EDCs during pregnancy, ethinyl estradiol (EE, 0.2 mg/kg/day), OP (50 mg/kg/day), and BPA (50 mg/kg/day) were administered to pregnant mice. The mRNA levels of TRPV6 (transient receptor potential cation channels in subfamily V, member 6) decreased significantly by EE and OP. The PMCA1 (ATPase, Ca++ transporting, plasma membrane 1) mRNA and protein levels decreased significantly by EE, OP, and BPA. CTR1 (solute carrier family 31, member 1) and ATP7A (ATPase, Cu++ transporting, alpha polypeptide) expression decreased significantly by EE, OP, and BPA. The mRNA levels of IREG1 (iron-regulated transporter, member 1) decreased significantly by EE. Hephaestin (HEPH) mRNA levels decreased significantly by EE, OP, and BPA, and protein levels decreased significantly by BPA. As a result of immunohistochemistry analysis, all cation transporter proteins were found in labyrinth of placenta. To confirm the cytosolic level of cations, levels of cation level in fetal serum were measured. EE, OP, and BPA significantly reduced serum calcium and copper levels, and iron levels were reduced by BPA. Taken together, some EDCs, such as OP and BPA, could modulate the calcium, copper, and iron ion-transporting channels during pregnancy. The fetus relies on the mother for ionic transportation, and, therefore, pregnant women should avoid exposure to cation-channel-disrupting chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hwan Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
| | - Changhwan Ahn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
| | - Hee Young Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Sang-Hwan Hyun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea.
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Sarkar AA, Sabatino JA, Sugrue KF, Zohn IE. Abnormal labyrinthine zone in the Hectd1-null placenta. Placenta 2016; 38:16-23. [PMID: 26907377 PMCID: PMC4768308 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The labyrinthine zone of the placenta is where exchange of nutrients and waste occurs between maternal and fetal circulations. Proper development of the placental labyrinth is essential for successful growth of the developing fetus and abnormalities in placental development are associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preeclampsia and fetal demise. Our previous studies demonstrate that Hectd1 is essential for development of the junctional and labyrinthine zones of the placenta. Here we further characterize labyrinthine zone defects in the Hectd1 mutant placenta. METHODS The structure of the mutant placenta was compared to wildtype littermates using histological methods. The expression of cell type specific markers was examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS Hectd1 is expressed in the labyrinthine zone throughout development and the protein is enriched in syncytiotrophoblast layer type I cells (SynT-I) and Sinusoidal Trophoblast Giant cells (S-TGCs) in the mature placenta. Mutation of Hectd1 results in pale placentas with frequent hemorrhages along with gross abnormalities in the structure of the labyrinthine zone including a smaller overall volume and a poorly elaborated fetal vasculature that contain fewer fetal blood cells. Examination of molecular markers of labyrinthine trophoblast cell types reveals increased Dlx3 positive cells and Syna positive SynT-I cells, along with decreased Hand1 and Ctsq positive sinusoidal trophoblast giant cells (S-TGCs). DISCUSSION Together these defects indicate that Hectd1 is required for development of the labyrinthine zonethe mouse placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali A Sarkar
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Julia A Sabatino
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Kelsey F Sugrue
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA; Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Irene E Zohn
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA; Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
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Early Developmental and Evolutionary Origins of Gene Body DNA Methylation Patterns in Mammalian Placentas. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005442. [PMID: 26241857 PMCID: PMC4524645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20-80 million years the mammalian placenta has taken on a variety of morphologies through both divergent and convergent evolution. Recently we have shown that the human placenta genome has a unique epigenetic pattern of large partially methylated domains (PMDs) and highly methylated domains (HMDs) with gene body DNA methylation positively correlating with level of gene expression. In order to determine the evolutionary conservation of DNA methylation patterns and transcriptional regulatory programs in the placenta, we performed a genome-wide methylome (MethylC-seq) analysis of human, rhesus macaque, squirrel monkey, mouse, dog, horse, and cow placentas as well as opossum extraembryonic membrane. We found that, similar to human placenta, mammalian placentas and opossum extraembryonic membrane have globally lower levels of methylation compared to somatic tissues. Higher relative gene body methylation was the conserved feature across all mammalian placentas, despite differences in PMD/HMDs and absolute methylation levels. Specifically, higher methylation over the bodies of genes involved in mitosis, vesicle-mediated transport, protein phosphorylation, and chromatin modification was observed compared with the rest of the genome. As in human placenta, higher methylation is associated with higher gene expression and is predictive of genic location across species. Analysis of DNA methylation in oocytes and preimplantation embryos shows a conserved pattern of gene body methylation similar to the placenta. Intriguingly, mouse and cow oocytes and mouse early embryos have PMD/HMDs but their placentas do not, suggesting that PMD/HMDs are a feature of early preimplantation methylation patterns that become lost during placental development in some species and following implantation of the embryo.
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Sarkar AA, Nuwayhid SJ, Maynard T, Ghandchi F, Hill JT, Lamantia AS, Zohn IE. Hectd1 is required for development of the junctional zone of the placenta. Dev Biol 2014; 392:368-80. [PMID: 24855001 PMCID: PMC4578812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The placenta plays a critical role in the growth and survival of the fetus. Here we demonstrate that the Homologous to the E6-AP Carboxyl Terminus (HECT) domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, Hectd1, is essential for development of the mouse placenta. Hectd1 is widely expressed during placentation with enrichment in trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) and other trophoblast-derived cell subtypes in the junctional and labyrinth zones of the placenta. Disruption of Hectd1 results in mid-gestation lethality and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Variable defects in the gross structure of the mutant placenta are found including alterations in diameter, thickness and lamination. The number and nuclear size of TGCs is reduced. Examination of subtype specific markers reveals altered TGC development with decreased expression of Placental lactogen-1 and -2 (Pl1 and Pl2) and increased expression of Proliferin (Plf). Reduced numbers of spongiotrophoblasts and glycogen trophoblasts were also found at the junctional zone of the Hectd1 mutant placenta. Finally, there was an increase in immature uterine natural killer (uNK) cells in the maternal decidua of the Hectd1 mutant placenta. Proliferation and apoptosis are differentially altered in the layers of the placenta with an increase in both apoptosis and proliferation in the maternal decidua, a decrease in proliferation and increase in apoptosis in the labyrinth layer and both unchanged in the junctional zone. Together these data demonstrate that Hectd1 is required for development of multiple cell types within the junctional zone of the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali A Sarkar
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children׳s Research Institute, and Children׳s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Samer J Nuwayhid
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children׳s Research Institute, and Children׳s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Thomas Maynard
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; The George Washington Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Frederick Ghandchi
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children׳s Research Institute, and Children׳s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | | | - Anthony S Lamantia
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; The George Washington Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Irene E Zohn
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children׳s Research Institute, and Children׳s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; The George Washington Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
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