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Sánchez-Ramírez E, Ung TPL, Stringari C, Aguilar-Arnal L. Emerging Functional Connections Between Metabolism and Epigenetic Remodeling in Neural Differentiation. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6688-6707. [PMID: 38340204 PMCID: PMC11339152 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells possess extraordinary capacities for self-renewal and differentiation, making them highly valuable in regenerative medicine. Among these, neural stem cells (NSCs) play a fundamental role in neural development and repair processes. NSC characteristics and fate are intricately regulated by the microenvironment and intracellular signaling. Interestingly, metabolism plays a pivotal role in orchestrating the epigenome dynamics during neural differentiation, facilitating the transition from undifferentiated NSC to specialized neuronal and glial cell types. This intricate interplay between metabolism and the epigenome is essential for precisely regulating gene expression patterns and ensuring proper neural development. This review highlights the mechanisms behind metabolic regulation of NSC fate and their connections with epigenetic regulation to shape transcriptional programs of stemness and neural differentiation. A comprehensive understanding of these molecular gears appears fundamental for translational applications in regenerative medicine and personalized therapies for neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Sánchez-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Thi Phuong Lien Ung
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Chiara Stringari
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Lorena Aguilar-Arnal
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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2
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Stavrou VT, Vavougios GD, Tsirimona G, Daniil Z, Gourgoulianis KI. Sleep Quality in Greek Adolescent Swimmers. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:87. [PMID: 38804453 PMCID: PMC11163364 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and functional indices, swimming distance and gender in adolescent competitive swimmers. Forty-eight adolescent swimmers (boys, n = 22, 15.7 ± 1.0 years and girls, n = 26, 15.1 ± 0.8 years) were included in our study. They were assessed for handgrip strength, respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function, answered a Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index questionnaire (PSQI), and recorded their anthropometric and morphological characteristics and training load for the last four weeks. The results showed differences between swimming distance and chest circumference difference, between maximal inhalation and exhalation (Δchest) (p = 0.033), PSQI score (p < 0.001), and sleep quality domains for "cannot breathe comfortably" (p = 0.037) and "have pain" (p = 0.003). Binary logistic regression (chi-square = 37.457, p = 0.001) showed that the variables Δchest (p = 0.038, 95% CI: 1.05-6.07) and PSQI score (p = 0.048, 95% CI: 0.1-1.07) remained independent predictors of the swim distance groups. Girls had a lower percentage of predicted values for the maximal inspiratory pressure (p < 0.001), maximal expiratory pressure (p = 0.027), forced expiratory volume within the first second (p = 0.026), forced vital capacity (p = 0.008) and sleep quality domains for "cough or snore loudly" (p = 0.032) compared to boys. A regression analysis showed that the sleep quality score was explained by the six independent variables: respiratory muscle strength (t = 2.177, β = 0.164, p = 0.035), Δchest (t = -2.353, β = -0.17, p = 0.023), distance (t = -5.962, β = -0.475, p < 0.001), total body water (t = -7.466, β = -0.687, p < 0.001), lean body mass (t = -3.120, β = -0.434, p = 0.003), and handgrip (t = 7.752, β = 1.136, p < 0.001). Our findings demonstrate that sleep quality in adolescent swimmers is a multifactorial result of morphometric characteristics, strength and respiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios T. Stavrou
- Laboratory of Cardio-Pulmonary Testing, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (G.T.); (Z.D.)
- RespiHub, ONISLOS MSCA COFUND, Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George D. Vavougios
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Glykeria Tsirimona
- Laboratory of Cardio-Pulmonary Testing, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (G.T.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zoe Daniil
- Laboratory of Cardio-Pulmonary Testing, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (G.T.); (Z.D.)
| | - Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
- Laboratory of Cardio-Pulmonary Testing, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (G.T.); (Z.D.)
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3
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Zeng Y, Guo Z, Wu M, Chen F, Chen L. Circadian rhythm regulates the function of immune cells and participates in the development of tumors. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:199. [PMID: 38678017 PMCID: PMC11055927 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are present in almost all cells and play a crucial role in regulating various biological processes. Maintaining a stable circadian rhythm is essential for overall health. Disruption of this rhythm can alter the expression of clock genes and cancer-related genes, and affect many metabolic pathways and factors, thereby affecting the function of the immune system and contributing to the occurrence and progression of tumors. This paper aims to elucidate the regulatory effects of BMAL1, clock and other clock genes on immune cells, and reveal the molecular mechanism of circadian rhythm's involvement in tumor and its microenvironment regulation. A deeper understanding of circadian rhythms has the potential to provide new strategies for the treatment of cancer and other immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Zeng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zichan Guo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Ortega-Campos SM, Verdugo-Sivianes EM, Amiama-Roig A, Blanco JR, Carnero A. Interactions of circadian clock genes with the hallmarks of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188900. [PMID: 37105413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The molecular machinery of the circadian clock regulates the expression of many genes and processes in the organism, allowing the adaptation of cellular activities to the daily light-dark cycles. Disruption of the circadian rhythm can lead to various pathologies, including cancer. Thus, disturbance of the normal circadian clock at both genetic and environmental levels has been described as an independent risk factor for cancer. In addition, researchers have proposed that circadian genes may have a tissue-dependent and/or context-dependent role in tumorigenesis and may function both as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Finally, circadian clock core genes may trigger or at least be involved in different hallmarks of cancer. Hence, expanding the knowledge of the molecular basis of the circadian clock would be helpful to identify new prognostic markers of tumorigenesis and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Ortega-Campos
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41013, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Eva M Verdugo-Sivianes
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41013, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ana Amiama-Roig
- Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño 26006, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - José R Blanco
- Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño 26006, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41013, Spain; CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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5
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Ji S, Xiong M, Chen H, Liu Y, Zhou L, Hong Y, Wang M, Wang C, Fu X, Sun X. Cellular rejuvenation: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:116. [PMID: 36918530 PMCID: PMC10015098 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ageing process is a systemic decline from cellular dysfunction to organ degeneration, with more predisposition to deteriorated disorders. Rejuvenation refers to giving aged cells or organisms more youthful characteristics through various techniques, such as cellular reprogramming and epigenetic regulation. The great leaps in cellular rejuvenation prove that ageing is not a one-way street, and many rejuvenative interventions have emerged to delay and even reverse the ageing process. Defining the mechanism by which roadblocks and signaling inputs influence complex ageing programs is essential for understanding and developing rejuvenative strategies. Here, we discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that counteract cell rejuvenation, and the targeted cells and core mechanisms involved in this process. Then, we critically summarize the latest advances in state-of-art strategies of cellular rejuvenation. Various rejuvenation methods also provide insights for treating specific ageing-related diseases, including cellular reprogramming, the removal of senescence cells (SCs) and suppression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), metabolic manipulation, stem cells-associated therapy, dietary restriction, immune rejuvenation and heterochronic transplantation, etc. The potential applications of rejuvenation therapy also extend to cancer treatment. Finally, we analyze in detail the therapeutic opportunities and challenges of rejuvenation technology. Deciphering rejuvenation interventions will provide further insights into anti-ageing and ageing-related disease treatment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifei Ji
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Mingchen Xiong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Huating Chen
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiong Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Laixian Zhou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yiyue Hong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Mengyang Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
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6
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Chrononutrition-When We Eat Is of the Essence in Tackling Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235080. [PMID: 36501110 PMCID: PMC9739590 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic and relapsing public health problem with an extensive list of associated comorbidities. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled over the last five decades and continues to pose a serious threat to wider society and the wellbeing of future generations. The pathogenesis of obesity is complex but diet plays a key role in the onset and progression of the disease. The human diet has changed drastically across the globe, with an estimate that approximately 72% of the calories consumed today come from foods that were not part of our ancestral diets and are not compatible with our metabolism. Additionally, multiple nutrient-independent factors, e.g., cost, accessibility, behaviours, culture, education, work commitments, knowledge and societal set-up, influence our food choices and eating patterns. Much research has been focused on 'what to eat' or 'how much to eat' to reduce the obesity burden, but increasingly evidence indicates that 'when to eat' is fundamental to human metabolism. Aligning feeding patterns to the 24-h circadian clock that regulates a wide range of physiological and behavioural processes has multiple health-promoting effects with anti-obesity being a major part. This article explores the current understanding of the interactions between the body clocks, bioactive dietary components and the less appreciated role of meal timings in energy homeostasis and obesity.
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Guo X, Wang H, Xu J, Hua H. Impacts of vitamin A deficiency on biological rhythms: Insights from the literature. Front Nutr 2022; 9:886244. [PMID: 36466383 PMCID: PMC9718491 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.886244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is essential for brain function, in addition to its important roles in vision, immunity, and reproduction. Previous studies have shown that retinoic acid (RA), the bioactive form of vitamin A, is involved in the regulation of various intracellular responses related to biological rhythms. RA is reported to affect the circadian rhythm by binding to RA receptors, such as receptors in the circadian feedback loops in the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus. However, evidence of the impacts of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) on biological rhythms is limited, and most of the related studies were conducted on animals. In this review, we described the physiological functions of biological rhythms and physiological pathways/molecular mechanisms regulating the biological rhythms. We then discussed the current understanding of the associations of VAD with biological rhythm disorders/diseases (sleep disorders, impairments in learning/memory, emotional disorders, and other immune or metabolism diseases) and summarized the currently proposed mechanisms (mainly by retinoid nuclear receptors and related proteins) for the associations. This review may help recognize the role of VAD in biological rhythm disorders and stimulate clinical or epidemiological studies to confirm the findings of related animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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Potential Role of the Circadian Clock in the Regulation of Cancer Stem Cells and Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214181. [PMID: 36430659 PMCID: PMC9698777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms, including sleep/wake cycles as well as hormonal, immune, metabolic, and cell proliferation rhythms, are fundamental biological processes driven by a cellular time-keeping system called the circadian clock. Disruptions in these rhythms due to genetic alterations or irregular lifestyles cause fundamental changes in physiology, from metabolism to cellular proliferation and differentiation, resulting in pathological consequences including cancer. Cancer cells are not uniform and static but exist as different subtypes with phenotypic and functional differences in the tumor microenvironment. At the top of the heterogeneous tumor cell hierarchy, cancer stem cells (CSCs), a self-renewing and multi-potent cancer cell type, are most responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis, chemoresistance, and mortality. Phenotypically, CSCs are associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which confers cancer cells with increased motility and invasion ability that is characteristic of malignant and drug-resistant stem cells. Recently, emerging studies of different cancer types, such as glioblastoma, leukemia, prostate cancer, and breast cancer, suggest that the circadian clock plays an important role in the maintenance of CSC/EMT characteristics. In this review, we describe recent discoveries regarding how tumor intrinsic and extrinsic circadian clock-regulating factors affect CSC evolution, highlighting the possibility of developing novel chronotherapeutic strategies that could be used against CSCs to fight cancer.
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Feng G, Zhao J, Peng J, Luo B, Zhang J, Chen L, Xu Z. Circadian clock—A promising scientific target in oral science. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1031519. [PMCID: PMC9708896 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1031519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral and maxillofacial organs play vital roles in chewing, maintaining facial beauty, and speaking. Almost all physiological processes display circadian rhythms that are driven by the circadian clock, allowing organisms to adapt to the changing environment. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that the circadian clock system participates in oral and maxillofacial physiological and pathological processes, such as jaw and tooth development, salivary gland function, craniofacial malformations, oral carcinoma and other diseases. However, the roles of the circadian clock in oral science have not yet been comprehensively reviewed. Therefore, This paper provides a systematic and integrated perspective on the function of the circadian clock in the fields of oral science, reviews recent advances in terms of the circadian clock in oral and maxillofacial development and disease, dialectically analyzes the importance of the circadian clock system and circadian rhythm to the activities of oral and maxillofacial tissues, and focuses on analyzing the mechanism of the circadian clock in the maintenance of oral health, affecting the common diseases of the oral and maxillofacial region and the process of oral-related systemic diseases, sums up the chronotherapy and preventive measures for oral-related diseases based on changes in tissue activity circadian rhythms, meanwhile, comes up with a new viewpoint to promote oral health and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Beibei Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Chen, ; Zhi Xu,
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Chen, ; Zhi Xu,
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Sex and Circadian Timing Modulate Oxaliplatin Hematological and Hematopoietic Toxicities. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112465. [PMID: 36432655 PMCID: PMC9699532 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin was nearly twice as hematotoxic, with optimal circadian timing differing by 6 h, in women as compared to men with colorectal cancers. Hence, we investigated sex- and timing-related determinants of oxaliplatin hematopoietic toxicities in mice. Body-weight loss (BWL), blood cell counts, bone marrow cellularity (BMC) and seven flow-cytometry-monitored hematopoietic progenitor populations were evaluated 72 h after oxaliplatin chronotherapy administration (5 mg/kg). In control animals, circadian rhythms of circulating white blood cells showed a peak at ZT5 in both sexes, whereas BMC was maximum at ZT20 in males and ZT13h40 in females. All BM progenitor counts presented robust rhythms with phases around ZT3h30 in females, whereas only three of them rhythmically cycled in males with a ≈ -6 h phase shift. In treated females, chronotoxicity rhythms occurred in BWL, WBC, BMC and all BM progenitors with the best timing at ZT15, ZT21, ZT15h15 and ZT14h45, respectively. In males, almost no endpoints showed circadian rhythms, BWL and WBC toxicity being minimal, albeit with a substantial drop in BM progenitors. Increasing dose (10 mg/kg) in males induced circadian rhythms in BWL and WBC but not in BM endpoints. Our results suggest complex and sex-specific clock-controlled regulation of the hematopoietic system and its response to oxaliplatin.
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Rowton M, Perez-Cervantes C, Hur S, Jacobs-Li J, Lu E, Deng N, Guzzetta A, Hoffmann AD, Stocker M, Steimle JD, Lazarevic S, Oubaha S, Yang XH, Kim C, Yu S, Eckart H, Koska M, Hanson E, Chan SSK, Garry DJ, Kyba M, Basu A, Ikegami K, Pott S, Moskowitz IP. Hedgehog signaling activates a mammalian heterochronic gene regulatory network controlling differentiation timing across lineages. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2181-2203.e9. [PMID: 36108627 PMCID: PMC10506397 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many developmental signaling pathways have been implicated in lineage-specific differentiation; however, mechanisms that explicitly control differentiation timing remain poorly defined in mammals. We report that murine Hedgehog signaling is a heterochronic pathway that determines the timing of progenitor differentiation. Hedgehog activity was necessary to prevent premature differentiation of second heart field (SHF) cardiac progenitors in mouse embryos, and the Hedgehog transcription factor GLI1 was sufficient to delay differentiation of cardiac progenitors in vitro. GLI1 directly activated a de novo progenitor-specific network in vitro, akin to that of SHF progenitors in vivo, which prevented the onset of the cardiac differentiation program. A Hedgehog signaling-dependent active-to-repressive GLI transition functioned as a differentiation timer, restricting the progenitor network to the SHF. GLI1 expression was associated with progenitor status across germ layers, and it delayed the differentiation of neural progenitors in vitro, suggesting a broad role for Hedgehog signaling as a heterochronic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Rowton
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos Perez-Cervantes
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Suzy Hur
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jessica Jacobs-Li
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emery Lu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nikita Deng
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Guzzetta
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew D Hoffmann
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Stocker
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Steimle
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sonja Lazarevic
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sophie Oubaha
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xinan H Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chul Kim
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shuhan Yu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heather Eckart
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mervenaz Koska
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erika Hanson
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sunny S K Chan
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anindita Basu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kohta Ikegami
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sebastian Pott
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Human Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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12
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A guiding role of the Arabidopsis circadian clock in cell differentiation revealed by time-series single-cell RNA sequencing. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111059. [PMID: 35830805 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms and progression of cell differentiation are closely coupled in multicellular organisms. However, whether establishment of circadian rhythms regulates cell differentiation or vice versa has not been elucidated due to technical limitations. Here, we exploit high cell fate plasticity of plant cells to perform single-cell RNA sequencing during the entire process of cell differentiation. By analyzing reconstructed actual time series of the differentiation processes at single-cell resolution using a method we developed (PeakMatch), we find that the expression profile of clock genes is changed prior to cell differentiation, including induction of the clock gene LUX ARRYTHMO (LUX). ChIP sequencing analysis reveals that LUX induction in early differentiating cells directly targets genes involved in cell-cycle progression to regulate cell differentiation. Taken together, these results not only reveal a guiding role of the plant circadian clock in cell differentiation but also provide an approach for time-series analysis at single-cell resolution.
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13
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Ghaddar B, Diotel N. Zebrafish: A New Promise to Study the Impact of Metabolic Disorders on the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105372. [PMID: 35628176 PMCID: PMC9141892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish has become a popular model to study many physiological and pathophysiological processes in humans. In recent years, it has rapidly emerged in the study of metabolic disorders, namely, obesity and diabetes, as the regulatory mechanisms and metabolic pathways of glucose and lipid homeostasis are highly conserved between fish and mammals. Zebrafish is also widely used in the field of neurosciences to study brain plasticity and regenerative mechanisms due to the high maintenance and activity of neural stem cells during adulthood. Recently, a large body of evidence has established that metabolic disorders can alter brain homeostasis, leading to neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress and causing decreased neurogenesis. To date, these pathological metabolic conditions are also risk factors for the development of cognitive dysfunctions and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we first aim to describe the main metabolic models established in zebrafish to demonstrate their similarities with their respective mammalian/human counterparts. Then, in the second part, we report the impact of metabolic disorders (obesity and diabetes) on brain homeostasis with a particular focus on the blood-brain barrier, neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, cognitive functions and brain plasticity. Finally, we propose interesting signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms to be explored in order to better understand how metabolic disorders can negatively impact neural stem cell activity.
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14
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Martínez-García JJ, Rainteau D, Humbert L, Lamaziere A, Lesnik P, Chamaillard M. Diurnal Interplay between Epithelium Physiology and Gut Microbiota as a Metronome for Orchestrating Immune and Metabolic Homeostasis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050390. [PMID: 35629894 PMCID: PMC9142987 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavior and physiology of most organisms are temporally coordinated and aligned with geophysical time by a complex interplay between the master and peripheral clocks. Disruption of such rhythmic physiological activities that are hierarchically organized has been linked to a greater risk of developing diseases ranging from cancer to metabolic syndrome. Herein, we summarize the molecular clockwork that is employed by intestinal epithelial cells to anticipate environmental changes such as rhythmic food intake and potentially dangerous environmental stress. We also discuss recent discoveries contributing to our understanding of how a proper rhythm of intestinal stem cells may achieve coherence for the maintenance of tissue integrity. Emerging evidence indicates that the circadian oscillations in the composition of the microbiota may operate as an important metronome for the proper preservation of intestinal physiology and more. Furthermore, in this review, we outline how epigenetic clocks that are based on DNA methylation levels may extensively rewire the clock-controlled functions of the intestinal epithelium that are believed to become arrhythmic during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominique Rainteau
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP.SU, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Département de Métabobolomique Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, F-75012 Paris, France; (D.R.); (L.H.); (A.L.)
| | - Lydie Humbert
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP.SU, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Département de Métabobolomique Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, F-75012 Paris, France; (D.R.); (L.H.); (A.L.)
| | - Antonin Lamaziere
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP.SU, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Département de Métabobolomique Clinique, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, F-75012 Paris, France; (D.R.); (L.H.); (A.L.)
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, UMR_S 1166-ICAN), Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France;
- Research Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Metabolism and Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine—Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Mathias Chamaillard
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U1003, University of Lille, F-59019 Lille, France;
- Correspondence:
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15
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Abstract
The molecular mechanism of circadian clocks depends on transcription-translation feedback loops (TTFLs) that have known effects on key cellular processes. However, the distinct role of circadian TTFLs in mammalian stem cells and other less differentiated cells remains poorly understood. Neural stem cells (NSCs) of the brain generate neurons and glia postnatally but also may become cancer stem cells (CSCs), particularly in astrocytomas. Evidence indicates clock TTFL impairment is needed for tumor growth and progression; although, this issue has been examined primarily in more differentiated cancer cells rather than CSCs. Similarly, few studies have examined circadian rhythms in NSCs. After decades of research, it is now well recognized that tumors consist of CSCs and a range of other cancer cells along with noncancerous stromal cells. The circadian properties of these many contributors to tumor properties and treatment outcome are being widely explored. New molecular tools and ones in development will likely enable greater discrimination of important circadian and non-circadian cells within malignancies at multiple stages of cancer progression and following therapy. Here, we focus on adult NSCs and glioma CSCs to address how cells at different stages of differentiation may harbor unique states of the molecular circadian clock influencing differentiation and cell fate.
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16
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Stem Cell Theory of Cancer: Implications for Drug Resistance and Chemosensitivity in Cancer Care. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061548. [PMID: 35326699 PMCID: PMC8946169 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Science and history teach us that stemness properties pave all drug resistance pathways. Evidence and experience inform us that stemness origin and nature etch all cancer hallmarks. A stem cell origin of drug resistance encompasses heterogeneity and dormancy, embraces ABC transporters and DNA repairs, and explicates chemotherapy and chronotherapy. It alludes to a unified theory of cancer and suggests that cancer is a stem cell disease—uniting chemoresistance with chemosensitivity, connecting progenitor cells with progeny cells, and linking multicellularity with the microenvironment. Importantly, it clarifies genetic content vs. cellular context, delineates drug vs. therapy development, and enlightens precision medicine vs. integrated medicine and targeted therapy vs. multimodal therapy in cancer care. Abstract When it concerns cancer care and cancer therapy, drug resistance is more than an obstacle to successful treatment; it is a major cause of frustration in our attempts to optimize drug development versus therapy development. Importantly, overcoming the challenges of drug resistance may provide invaluable clues about the origin and nature of cancer. From this perspective, we discuss how chemoresistance and chemosensitivity in cancer therapy could be directly linked to the stem cell origin of cancer. A stem cell theory of cancer stipulates that both normal stem cells and cancer stem cells are similarly endowed with robust efflux pumps, potent antiapoptotic mechanisms, redundant DNA repair systems, and abundant antioxidation reserves. Cancer stem cells, like their normal stem cell counterparts, are equipped with the same drug resistance phenotypes (e.g., ABC transporters, anti-apoptotic pathways, and DNA repair mechanisms). Drug resistance, like other cancer hallmarks (e.g., tumor heterogeneity and cancer dormancy), could be intrinsically ingrained and innately embedded within malignancy. We elaborate that cellular context and the microenvironment may attenuate the effects of cancer treatments. We examine the role of circadian rhythms and the value of chronotherapy to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity. We propose that a stem cell theory of drug resistance and drug sensitivity will ultimately empower us to enhance drug development and enable us to improve therapy development in patient care.
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17
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Goodenow D, Greer AJ, Cone SJ, Gaddameedhi S. Circadian effects on UV-induced damage and mutations. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108413. [PMID: 35690416 PMCID: PMC9188652 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2022.108413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most diagnosed type of cancer in the United States, and while most of these malignancies are highly treatable, treatment costs still exceed $8 billion annually. Over the last 50 years, the annual incidence of skin cancer has steadily grown; therefore, understanding the environmental factors driving these types of cancer is a prominent research-focus. A causality between ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and skin cancer is well-established, but exposure to UVR alone is not necessarily sufficient to induce carcinogenesis. The emerging field of circadian biology intersects strongly with the physiological systems of the mammalian body and introduces a unique opportunity for analyzing mechanisms of homeostatic disruption. The circadian clock refers to the approximate 24-hour cycle, in which protein levels of specific clock-controlled genes (CCGs) fluctuate based on the time of day. Though these CCGs are tissue specific, the skin has been observed to have a robust circadian clock that plays a role in its response to UVR exposure. This in-depth review will detail the mechanisms of the circadian clock and its role in cellular homeostasis. Next, the skin's response to UVR exposure and its induction of DNA damage and mutations will be covered - with an additional focus placed on how the circadian clock influences this response through nucleotide excision repair. Lastly, this review will discuss current models for studying UVR-induced skin lesions and perturbations of the circadian clock, as well as the impact of these factors on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Goodenow
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Adam J Greer
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Sean J Cone
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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18
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Vergès-Castillo A, González-Vargas IA, Muñoz-Cueto JA, Martín-Robles ÁJ, Pendon C. Establishment and characterisation of single cell-derived embryonic stem cell lines from the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 256:110626. [PMID: 34044158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An important bottleneck in fish aquaculture research is the supply and maintenance of embryos, larvae, juvenile and adult specimens. In this context, cell lines represent alternative experimental models for in vitro studies that complement in vivo assays. This allows us to perform easier experimental design and sampling and avoid the sacrifice of animals. Embryonic stem (ES) cell lines have attracted increasing attention because they have the capability to proliferate indefinitely and could be differentiated into any cell type of the organism. To minimise cell heterogeneity and increase uniformity of in vitro studies results, in this manuscript we report the development and characterisation of two single cell-derived ES cell lines (monoclonal) from the morula stage embryos of the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, named as SAEC-A3 and SAEC-H7. Both cell lines have been passaged for over 100 times, indicating the establishment of long-term, immortalised ES cell cultures. Sequence analyses confirmed the seabream origin of the cell lines, and growth analyses evidenced their high viability and proliferating activity, particularly in culture medium supplemented with 10-15% fetal bovine serum and 22 °C. Both cell lines showed the ability to generate embryoid bodies and show different sensitivity and response to all-trans retinoic acid. The analysis of epithelial (col1α1) and neuronal (sox3) markers in differentiated cultures revealed that SAEC-A3 tended to differentiate towards epithelial-like cells whereas SAEC-H7 tended to differentiate towards neuronal-like cells. Both cell lines were efficiently transfected with pDsRed2-ER and/or pEGFP-N1 plasmids, indicating that they could represent useful biotechnological tools. Daily expression of pcna showed significant expression rhythms, with maximum levels of cell proliferation during the day-night transition. Currently, these cell lines are being successfully used as experimental models for the study of cellular metabolism, physiology and rhythms as well as for toxicological, pharmacological and gene expression analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vergès-Castillo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - I A González-Vargas
- Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - J A Muñoz-Cueto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; INMAR Research Institute, Marine Campus of International Excellence (CEIMAR), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), The European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Á J Martín-Robles
- Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; INMAR Research Institute, Marine Campus of International Excellence (CEIMAR), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), The European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - C Pendon
- Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; INBIO, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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19
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de Assis LVM, Oster H. The circadian clock and metabolic homeostasis: entangled networks. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4563-4587. [PMID: 33683376 PMCID: PMC8195959 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock exerts an important role in systemic homeostasis as it acts a keeper of time for the organism. The synchrony between the daily challenges imposed by the environment needs to be aligned with biological processes and with the internal circadian clock. In this review, it is provided an in-depth view of the molecular functioning of the circadian molecular clock, how this system is organized, and how central and peripheral clocks communicate with each other. In this sense, we provide an overview of the neuro-hormonal factors controlled by the central clock and how they affect peripheral tissues. We also evaluate signals released by peripheral organs and their effects in the central clock and other brain areas. Additionally, we evaluate a possible communication between peripheral tissues as a novel layer of circadian organization by reviewing recent studies in the literature. In the last section, we analyze how the circadian clock can modulate intracellular and tissue-dependent processes of metabolic organs. Taken altogether, the goal of this review is to provide a systemic and integrative view of the molecular clock function and organization with an emphasis in metabolic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrik Oster
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Institute of Neurobiology, Marie Curie Street, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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20
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Hallmarks of Health. Cell 2020; 184:33-63. [PMID: 33340459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Health is usually defined as the absence of pathology. Here, we endeavor to define health as a compendium of organizational and dynamic features that maintain physiology. The biological causes or hallmarks of health include features of spatial compartmentalization (integrity of barriers and containment of local perturbations), maintenance of homeostasis over time (recycling and turnover, integration of circuitries, and rhythmic oscillations), and an array of adequate responses to stress (homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, and repair and regeneration). Disruption of any of these interlocked features is broadly pathogenic, causing an acute or progressive derailment of the system coupled to the loss of numerous stigmata of health.
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21
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Chirico N, Van Laake LW, Sluijter JPG, van Mil A, Dierickx P. Cardiac circadian rhythms in time and space: The future is in 4D. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 57:49-59. [PMID: 33338891 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock synchronizes the body into 24-h cycles, thereby anticipating variations in tissue-specific diurnal tasks, such as response to increased cardiac metabolic demand during the active period of the day. As a result, blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and occurrence of fatal cardiovascular events fluctuate in a diurnal manner. The heart contains different cell types that make up and reside in an environment of biochemical, mechanical, and topographical signaling. Cardiac architecture is essential for proper heart development as well as for maintenance of cell homeostasis and tissue repair. In this review, we describe the possibilities of studying circadian rhythmicity in the heart by using advanced in vitro systems that mimic the native cardiac 3D microenvironment which can be tuned in time and space. Harnessing the knowledge that originates from those in vitro models could significantly improve innovative cardiac modeling and regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Chirico
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alain van Mil
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pieterjan Dierickx
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA.
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22
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Chen J, Lazarus HM, Dahi PB, Avecilla S, Giralt SA. Getting blood out of a stone: Identification and management of patients with poor hematopoietic cell mobilization. Blood Rev 2020; 47:100771. [PMID: 33213986 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has become a primary treatment for many cancers. Nowadays, the primary source of hematopoietic cells is by leukapheresis collection of these cells from peripheral blood, after a forced egress of hematopoietic cells from marrow into blood circulation, a process known as "mobilization". In this process, mobilizing agents disrupt binding interactions between hematopoietic cells and marrow microenvironment to facilitate collection. As the first essential step of HCT, poor mobilization, i.e. failure to obtain a desired or required number of hematopoietic cell, is one of the major factors affecting engraftment or even precluding transplantation. This review summarizes the available mobilization regimens using granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and plerixafor, as well as the current understanding of the factors that are associated with poor mobilization. Strategies to mobilize patients or healthy donors who failed previous mobilization are discussed. Multiple novel agents are under investigation and some of them have shown the potential to enhance the mobilization response to G-CSF and/or plerixafor. Further investigation of the risk factors including genetic factors will offer an opportunity to better understand the molecular mechanism of mobilization and help develop new therapeutic strategies for successful mobilizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hillard M Lazarus
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Parastoo B Dahi
- Department of Medicine, Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Scott Avecilla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sergio A Giralt
- Department of Medicine, Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.
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23
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Malaguarnera R, Ledda C, Filippello A, Frasca F, Francavilla VC, Ramaci T, Parisi MC, Rapisarda V, Piro S. Thyroid Cancer and Circadian Clock Disruption. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3109. [PMID: 33114365 PMCID: PMC7690860 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) represents the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, with an increased incidence across continents attributable to both improvement of diagnostic procedures and environmental factors. Among the modifiable risk factors, insulin resistance might influence the development of TC. A relationship between circadian clock machinery disfunction and TC has recently been proposed. The circadian clock machinery comprises a set of rhythmically expressed genes responsible for circadian rhythms. Perturbation of this system contributes to the development of pathological states such as cancer. Several clock genes have been found deregulated upon thyroid nodule malignant transformation. The molecular mechanisms linking circadian clock disruption and TC are still unknown but could include insulin resistance. Circadian misalignment occurring during shift work, jet lag, high fat food intake, is associated with increased insulin resistance. This metabolic alteration, in turn, is associated with a well-known risk factor for TC i.e., hyperthyrotropinemia, which could also be induced by sleep disturbances. In this review, we describe the mechanisms controlling the circadian clock function and its involvement in the cell cycle, stemness and cancer. Moreover, we discuss the evidence supporting the link between circadian clockwork disruption and TC development/progression, highlighting its potential implications for TC prevention, diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Malaguarnera
- School of Human and Social Sciences, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (R.M.); (V.C.F.); (T.R.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Caterina Ledda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy;
| | - Agnese Filippello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Francesco Frasca
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Cristian Francavilla
- School of Human and Social Sciences, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (R.M.); (V.C.F.); (T.R.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Tiziana Ramaci
- School of Human and Social Sciences, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (R.M.); (V.C.F.); (T.R.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Maria Chiara Parisi
- School of Human and Social Sciences, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (R.M.); (V.C.F.); (T.R.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (S.P.)
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Ch R, Chevallier O, Elliott CT. Metabolomics reveal circadian control of cellular metabolism. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zhao Y, Wu Y, Wang J, Liao C, Mi X, Chen F. Circadian transcription factor Dbp promotes rat calvarial osteoprogenitors osteogenic differentiation through Kiss1/GnRH/E2 signaling pathway loop. J Cell Biochem 2020; 122:166-179. [PMID: 32830342 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To determine the mechanism by which D-site-binding protein (Dbp) regulates rat calvarial osteoprogenitors (OPCs) osteogenic differentiation. α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) + rat calvarial OPCs were extracted and purified using immunomagnetic beads. Cells were transduced with Dbp-lentivirus and divided into Dbp knockdown, Dbp overexpression and vehicle groups. After osteogenic induction for 21 days, Alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were examined. Expression levels of Runx2, Ocn, Osterix, Bmp4, Kiss1, and GnRH were determined using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The observed changes in Kisspeptin, GnRH, ERα, and Runx2 were further validated via Western blot analysis. Furthermore, E2 and GnRH secretion levels were detected via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase assay were used to assess the effects of Dbp on the Kiss1 gene promoter. The coexpression of Dbp and Kisspeptin or GnRH was also evaluated via immunofluorescence. Following osteogenic induction, Dbp overexpression significantly increased calcium nodule formation and ALP activity, as well as Runx2, Ocn, Osterix, Bmp4, Kiss1, and GnRH messenger RNA expression, while Dbp knockdown presented the opposite results. Western blot analysis and ELISA results showed that Dbp significantly promotes Runx2, E2/ERα, Kisspeptin, and GnRH expression. These findings were confirmed by the ChIP assay, which indicated that the estrogen receptor promotes Kisspeptin expression after binding to the Kiss1 gene promoter, which is regulated by Dbp. Immunofluorescence assay showed that Dbp coexpression with Kisspeptin or GnRH varied depending on Dbp expression levels. Collectively, the circadian transcription factor Dbp promotes α-SMA + rat calvarial OPCs osteoblastic differentiation through Kiss1/GnRH/E2 signaling pathway loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Engineering Researching Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Engineering Researching Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Engineering Researching Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongshan Liao
- Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Engineering Researching Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Mi
- Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Engineering Researching Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengshan Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Engineering Researching Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Mao X, Li X, Hu W, Hao S, Yuan Y, Guan L, Guo B. Downregulated brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein-1 inhibits osteogenesis of BMSCs through p53 in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio051482. [PMID: 32554484 PMCID: PMC7358138 DOI: 10.1242/bio.051482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-mediated abnormal bone metabolism can delay and impair the bone remodeling process in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our previous study demonstrated that the downregulation of brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (BMAL1), a circadian clock protein, inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via enhanced GSK-3β in diabetic BMSCs. In this article, we confirmed that the downregulated BMAL1 in T2DM played an inhibitory role in osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Upregulation of BMAL1 in the diabetic BMSCs significantly recovered the expression pattern of osteogenic marker genes and alkaline phosphatase (Alp) activity. We also observed an activation of the p53 signaling pathways, exhibited by increased p53 and p21 in diabetic BMSCs. Downregulation of p53 resulting from overexpression of BMAL1 was detected, and when we applied p53 gene silencing (shRNA) and the p53 inhibitor, pifithrin-α (PFT-α), the impaired osteogenic differentiation ability of diabetic BMSCs was greatly restored. However, there was no change in the level of expression of BMAL1. Taken together, our results first revealed that BMAL1 regulated osteogenesis of BMSCs through p53 in T2DM, providing a novel direction for further exploration of the mechanism underlying osteoporosis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Mao
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Siwei Hao
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yifang Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lian Guan
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Stavrou VT, Astara K, Daniil Z, Gourgoulianis KI, Kalabakas K, Karagiannis D, Basdekis G. The Reciprocal Association between Fitness Indicators and Sleep Quality in the Context of Recent Sport Injury. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134810. [PMID: 32635418 PMCID: PMC7370061 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to investigate whether the oxygen uptake and heart rate at rest, in Greek professional soccer players, are affected by recent injuries, as well as how sleep quality is affected. Forty-two male professional soccer players were included in the study and divided into two groups: injurygroup (n = 22, age: 21.6 ± 5.4 years, body fat: 11.0 ± 3.9%, total body water: 64.0 ± 2.5%) and no-injurygroup (n = 20, age: 24.2 ± 5.6 years, body fat: 10.1 ± 2.8%, total body water: 64.3 ± 1.8%). The oxygen uptake at rest (VO2resting, mL/min/kg) and heart rate (HR, bpm) were recorded in the upright position for 3 min, and the predicted values were calculated. One hour before, the athletes answered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. The results showed a difference between groups (injurygroup vs. no-injurygroup) in VO2resting (7.5 ± 1.4 vs. 5.5 ± 1.2 mL/min/kg, p < 0.001) and percent of predicted values (92.5 ± 17.2 vs. 68.3 ± 14.6%, p < 0.001) and HR, such as beats per min (100.6 ± 12.8 vs. 93.1 ± 4.6 bpm, p = 0.001), percent of predicted values (50.7 ± 6.4 vs. 47.6 ± 2.8%, p = 0.003) and sleep quality score (PSQI: 4.9 ± 2.2 vs. 3.1 ± 0.9, p = 0.005). Anthropometric characteristics were not different between groups. Oxygen consumption and heart rate at rest are affected by the systemic adaptations due to injury. These pathophysiological changes probably relate to increased blood flow in an attempt to restore the injury area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios T. Stavrou
- Laboratory of Cardio-Pulmonary Testing and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (K.A.); (Z.D.); (K.I.G.)
- The Medical Project, Prevention, Evaluation and Recovery Center, 41335 Larissa, Greece; (K.K.); (D.K.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-241-350-2157
| | - Kyriaki Astara
- Laboratory of Cardio-Pulmonary Testing and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (K.A.); (Z.D.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Zoe Daniil
- Laboratory of Cardio-Pulmonary Testing and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (K.A.); (Z.D.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
- Laboratory of Cardio-Pulmonary Testing and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (K.A.); (Z.D.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Konstantinos Kalabakas
- The Medical Project, Prevention, Evaluation and Recovery Center, 41335 Larissa, Greece; (K.K.); (D.K.); (G.B.)
| | - Dimitrios Karagiannis
- The Medical Project, Prevention, Evaluation and Recovery Center, 41335 Larissa, Greece; (K.K.); (D.K.); (G.B.)
| | - George Basdekis
- The Medical Project, Prevention, Evaluation and Recovery Center, 41335 Larissa, Greece; (K.K.); (D.K.); (G.B.)
- Medical Team, AEL Football Club, 41222 Larissa, Greece
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Jiang L, Zhang F, Fan W, Zheng M, Kang J, Huang F, He H. Expression of circadian clock genes during differentiation of rat dental papilla cells in vitro. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2020.1777049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liulin Jiang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuping Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Zheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Kang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Hettwer S, Besic Gyenge E, Obermayer B. Influence of cosmetic formulations on the skin's circadian clock. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42:313-319. [PMID: 32277494 PMCID: PMC7496414 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The circadian rhythm was set into focus by awarding the Nobel Price of Physiology/Medicine to Jeffrey Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael Young in late 2017. Numerous publications elucidated the molecular mechanisms driving the circadian biorhythms of our body, peripheral organs and each single cell. However, there is minor knowledge on the circadian rhythm of the skin, which has its own peripheral circadian clock in contact with cosmetic formulations. The skin's epidermal clock is excessively influenced by environmental factors like UV radiation or modern lifestyle, which may induce epidermal jetlag. Here, we give an overview on the current knowledge about the epidermal circadian clock and provide a cosmetic solution to protect and preserve the biorhythm of the skin. METHODS Quantitative RT-PCR to analyse the gene expression of circadian clock genes and the downstream DNA repair gene OGG1 in keratinocytes irradiated with UV-B. In vivo study to determine skin parameters dependent on the circadian cycle and interference of cosmetic formulations to them by assessment of morning and evening values at each measurement day after 28, 56 and 84 days of the study. RESULTS UV-B irradiation leads to a pronounced delay in circadian clock and downstream gene expression which interferes in the proper function of epidermal stem cells and as thus skin function. The use of a cosmetic active ingredient prevents cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation, protects epidermal stem cells and resets the circadian gene expression. It preserves the circadian changes in skin hydration, reduces daily fluctuations of skin redness and strengthens the skin barrier. CONCLUSION The skin has its own circadian biorhythm to gain full functionality. Interruption of this oscillation will lead to functional impairments. Here we show a cosmetic solution to protect and preserve the skin's circadian rhythm. DNA protection, ROS elimination and stimulation of circadian gene expression seem to be crucial to keep the skin in balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hettwer
- RAHN AG, Dörflistrasse 120, Zürich, 8050, Switzerland
| | | | - B Obermayer
- RAHN AG, Dörflistrasse 120, Zürich, 8050, Switzerland
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Benitah SA, Welz PS. Circadian Regulation of Adult Stem Cell Homeostasis and Aging. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:817-831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ameneiro C, Moreira T, Fuentes-Iglesias A, Coego A, Garcia-Outeiral V, Escudero A, Torrecilla D, Mulero-Navarro S, Carvajal-Gonzalez JM, Guallar D, Fidalgo M. BMAL1 coordinates energy metabolism and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:e201900534. [PMID: 32284354 PMCID: PMC7156282 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BMAL1 is essential for the regulation of circadian rhythms in differentiated cells and adult stem cells, but the molecular underpinnings of its function in pluripotent cells, which hold a great potential in regenerative medicine, remain to be addressed. Here, using transient and permanent loss-of-function approaches in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we reveal that although BMAL1 is dispensable for the maintenance of the pluripotent state, its depletion leads to deregulation of transcriptional programs linked to cell differentiation commitment. We further confirm that depletion of Bmal1 alters the differentiation potential of ESCs in vitro. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that BMAL1 participates in the regulation of energy metabolism maintaining a low mitochondrial function which is associated with pluripotency. Loss-of-function of Bmal1 leads to the deregulation of metabolic gene expression associated with a shift from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism. Our results highlight the important role that BMAL1 plays at the exit of pluripotency in vitro and provide evidence implicating a non-canonical circadian function of BMAL1 in the metabolic control for cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ameneiro
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tiago Moreira
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fuentes-Iglesias
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Physiology, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alba Coego
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vera Garcia-Outeiral
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Physiology, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adriana Escudero
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Physiology, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel Torrecilla
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sonia Mulero-Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Carvajal-Gonzalez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Diana Guallar
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Fidalgo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Physiology, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Khan AU, Qu R, Ouyang J, Dai J. Role of Nucleoporins and Transport Receptors in Cell Differentiation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:239. [PMID: 32308628 PMCID: PMC7145948 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional molecular movements between the nucleus and cytoplasm take place through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) embedded in the nuclear membrane. These macromolecular structures are composed of several nucleoporins, which form seven different subcomplexes based on their biochemical affinity. These nucleoporins are integral components of the complex, not only allowing passive transport but also interacting with importin, exportin, and other molecules that are required for transport of protein in various cellular processes. Transport of different proteins is carried out either dependently or independently on transport receptors. As well as facilitating nucleocytoplasmic transport, nucleoporins also play an important role in cell differentiation, possibly by their direct gene interaction. This review will cover the general role of nucleoporins (whether its dependent or independent) and nucleocytoplasmic transport receptors in cell differentiation.
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Parasram K, Karpowicz P. Time after time: circadian clock regulation of intestinal stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1267-1288. [PMID: 31586240 PMCID: PMC11105114 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Daily fluctuations in animal physiology, known as circadian rhythms, are orchestrated by a conserved molecular timekeeper, known as the circadian clock. The circadian clock forms a transcription-translation feedback loop that has emerged as a central biological regulator of many 24-h processes. Early studies of the intestine discovered that many digestive functions have a daily rhythm and that intestinal cell production was similarly time-dependent. As genetic methods in model organisms have become available, it has become apparent that the circadian clock regulates many basic cellular functions, including growth, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as cell signalling and stem cell self-renewal. Recent connections between circadian rhythms and immune system function, and between circadian rhythms and microbiome dynamics, have also been revealed in the intestine. These processes are highly relevant in understanding intestinal stem cell biology. Here we describe the circadian clock regulation of intestinal stem cells primarily in two model organisms: Drosophila melanogaster and mice. Like all cells in the body, intestinal stem cells are subject to circadian timing, and both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic circadian processes contribute to their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathyani Parasram
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Phillip Karpowicz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
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Lambrou GI, Hatziagapiou K, Vlahopoulos S. Inflammation and tissue homeostasis: the NF-κB system in physiology and malignant progression. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4047-4063. [PMID: 32239468 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of tissue function activates cellular stress which triggers a number of mechanisms that protect the tissue from further damage. These mechanisms involve a number of homeostatic modules, which are regulated at the level of gene expression by the transactivator NF-κB. This transcription factor shifts between activation and repression of discrete, cell-dependent gene expression clusters. Some of its target genes provide feedback to NF-κB itself, thereby strengthening the inflammatory response of the tissue and later terminating inflammation to facilitate restoration of tissue homeostasis. Disruption of key feedback modules for NF-κB in certain cell types facilitates the survival of clones with genomic aberrations, and protects them from being recognized and eliminated by the immune system, to enable thereby carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George I Lambrou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Hatziagapiou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527, Goudi-Athens, Greece.
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Tsuchiya Y, Umemura Y, Yagita K. Circadian clock and cancer: From a viewpoint of cellular differentiation. Int J Urol 2020; 27:518-524. [PMID: 32223039 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock controls and adapts diverse physiological and behavioral processes according to Earth's 24-h cycle of environmental changes. The master pacemaker of the mammalian circadian clock resides in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus, but almost all cells throughout the body show circadian oscillations in gene expression patterns and associated functions. Recent studies have shown that the circadian clock gradually develops during embryogenesis. Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells do not show circadian oscillations of gene expression, but gradually develop circadian clock oscillation during differentiation; thus, the developmental program of circadian clock emergence appears closely associated with cellular differentiation. Like embryonic stem cells, certain cancer cell types also lack the circadian clock. Given this similarity between embryonic stem cells and cancer cells, interest is growing in the contributions of circadian clock dysfunction to dedifferentiation and cancer development. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of circadian clock emergence during ontogenesis, and discuss possible associations with cellular differentiation and carcinogenesis. Considering the multiple physiological functions of circadian rhythms, circadian abnormalities might contribute to a host of diseases, including cancer. Insights on circadian function could lead to the identification of biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, as well as novel targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Tsuchiya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Umemura
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Mesenchymal stem cells combined with albendazole as a novel therapeutic approach for experimental neurotoxocariasis. Parasitology 2020; 147:799-809. [PMID: 32178741 DOI: 10.1017/s003118202000044x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurotoxocariasis (NT) is a serious condition that has been linked to reduced cognitive function, behavioural alterations and neurodegenerative diseases. Unfortunately, the available drugs to treat toxocariasis are limited with unsatisfactory results, because of the initiation of treatment at late chronic stages after the occurrence of tissue damage and scars. Therefore, searching for a new therapy for this important disease is an urgent necessity. In this context, cytotherapy is a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of many diseases and tissue damages through the introduction of new cells into the damaged sites. They exert therapeutic effects by their capability of renewal, differentiation into specialized cells, and being powerful immunomodulators. The most popular cell type utilized in cytotherapy is the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) type. In the current study, the efficacy of MSCs alone or combined with albendazole was evaluated against chronic brain insults induced by Toxocara canis infection in an experimental mouse model. Interestingly, MSCs combined with albendazole demonstrated a healing effect on brain inflammation, gliosis, apoptosis and significantly reduced brain damage biomarkers (S100B and GFAP) and T. canis DNA. Thus, MSCs would be protective against the development of subsequent neurodegenerative diseases with chronic NT.
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Orozco-Solis R, Aguilar-Arnal L. Circadian Regulation of Immunity Through Epigenetic Mechanisms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:96. [PMID: 32232012 PMCID: PMC7082642 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock orchestrates daily rhythms in many physiological, behavioral and molecular processes, providing means to anticipate, and adapt to environmental changes. A specific role of the circadian clock is to coordinate functions of the immune system both at steady-state and in response to infectious threats. Hence, time-of-day dependent variables are found in the physiology of immune cells, host-parasite interactions, inflammatory processes, or adaptive immune responses. Interestingly, the molecular clock coordinates transcriptional-translational feedback loops which orchestrate daily oscillations in expression of many genes involved in cellular functions. This clock function is assisted by tightly controlled transitions in the chromatin fiber involving epigenetic mechanisms which determine how a when transcriptional oscillations occur. Immune cells are no exception, as they also present a functional clock dictating transcriptional rhythms. Hereby, the molecular clock and the chromatin regulators controlling rhythmicity represent a unique scaffold mediating the crosstalk between the circadian and the immune systems. Certain epigenetic regulators are shared between both systems and uncovering them and characterizing their dynamics can provide clues to design effective chronotherapeutic strategies for modulation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Orozco-Solis
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorena Aguilar-Arnal
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Huang Z, Wei H, Wang X, Xiao J, Li Z, Xie Y, Hu Y, Li X, Wang Z, Zhang S. Icariin promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by upregulating BMAL1 expression via BMP signaling. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1590-1596. [PMID: 32016461 PMCID: PMC7002972 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing research has demonstrated that expression of brain and muscle ARNT‑like 1 (BMAL1) and other circadian clock genes can be regulated by drugs and toxicants. We previously demonstrated that icariin, extracted from Herba Epimedii, sromotes osteogenic differentiation. However, the mechanism underlying the association between icariin and BMAL1 in osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) remains unclear. The present study was designed with an aim to clarify the association between icariin and BMAL1 in osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation. The expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), RUNX family transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC) and BMAL1 in BMSCs was evaluated by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. ALP and Alizarin red S (ARS) staining were also performed. Icariin promoted BMSC proliferation, and upregulated expression of osteogenic genes and BMAL1. In addition, expression of the osteogenic genes BMP2, RUNX2, ALP and OC were upregulated by BMAL1 overexpression. Furthermore, we confirmed that BMAL1 deficiency suppressed osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs. Finally, ARS staining of BMAL1‑/‑ BMSCs revealed that BMAL1 was an essential intermediary in matrix mineralization during osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that icariin promoted osteogenic differentiation through BMAL1‑BMP2 signaling in BMSCs. The present study thus described a novel target of icariin that has potential applications in the treatment of osteogenic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengfa Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Zuoqin Li
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Yuanliang Xie
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Shutong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
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Ribosome and Translational Control in Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020497. [PMID: 32098201 PMCID: PMC7072746 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adult stem cells (ASCs) possess the remarkable capacity to self-renew while remaining poised to differentiate into multiple progenies in the context of a rapidly developing embryo or in steady-state tissues, respectively. This ability is controlled by complex genetic programs, which are dynamically orchestrated at different steps of gene expression, including chromatin remodeling, mRNA transcription, processing, and stability. In addition to maintaining stem cell homeostasis, these molecular processes need to be rapidly rewired to coordinate complex physiological modifications required to redirect cell fate in response to environmental clues, such as differentiation signals or tissue injuries. Although chromatin remodeling and mRNA expression have been extensively studied in stem cells, accumulating evidence suggests that stem cell transcriptomes and proteomes are poorly correlated and that stem cell properties require finely tuned protein synthesis. In addition, many studies have shown that the biogenesis of the translation machinery, the ribosome, is decisive for sustaining ESC and ASC properties. Therefore, these observations emphasize the importance of translational control in stem cell homeostasis and fate decisions. In this review, we will provide the most recent literature describing how ribosome biogenesis and translational control regulate stem cell functions and are crucial for accommodating proteome remodeling in response to changes in stem cell fate.
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Khaksari M, Nakhaei P, Khastar H, Bakhtazad A, Rahimi K, Garmabi B. Circadian fluctuation in curiosity is a risk factor for morphine preference. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2020.1719682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Khaksari
- Addiction Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Parham Nakhaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hosein Khastar
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Atefeh Bakhtazad
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kasra Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Behzad Garmabi
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Abstract
The Earth turns on its axis every 24 h; almost all life on the planet has a mechanism - circadian rhythmicity - to anticipate the daily changes caused by this rotation. The molecular clocks that control circadian rhythms are being revealed as important regulators of physiology and disease. In humans, circadian rhythms have been studied extensively in the cardiovascular system. Many cardiovascular functions, such as endothelial function, thrombus formation, blood pressure and heart rate, are now known to be regulated by the circadian clock. Additionally, the onset of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, arrhythmias and other adverse cardiovascular events show circadian rhythmicity. In this Review, we summarize the role of the circadian clock in all major cardiovascular cell types and organs. Second, we discuss the role of circadian rhythms in cardiovascular physiology and disease. Finally, we postulate how circadian rhythms can serve as a therapeutic target by exploiting or altering molecular time to improve existing therapies and develop novel ones.
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Thakur S, Storewala P, Basak U, Jalan N, Pethe P. Clocking the circadian genes in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Investig 2020; 7:9. [PMID: 32695802 PMCID: PMC7367470 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2020-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms respond to changing environment which is primarily driven by light from the sun. Essential cyclical processes such as digestion, sleep, migration and breeding are controlled by set of genes know as circadian genes. The core circadian genes comprise of CLOCK, BMAL-1, PERIOD and CYRPTOCHROME that are expressed cyclically and they regulate expression of several genes downstream. The expression of circadian genes has been well studied in multicellular animals; however, it has been shown that stem cells also possess active circadian cycle genes. The circadian cycle genes have been studied in mouse embryonic stem cells and in adult human stem cells. However, there are only few reports of circadian cycle genes in human pluripotent stem cells. We used human embryonic stem cells to investigate the expression of CLOCK, BMAL-1, PERIOD and CYRPTOCHORME genes by RT-PCR at 6, 18 and 22 hours in undifferentiated and differentiated cells. We differentiated human embryonic stem cells spontaneously by adding 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and the cells primarily differentiated into ectoderm and mesoderm. We report that CLOCK and BMAL-1 are differentially expressed while PERIOD and CRYPTOCHROME show cyclicity in differentiated and undifferentiated cells. Our results show circadian genes are active in human embryonic stem cells and this needs to be further investigated as human pluripotent stem cells have potential to be used for cell therapy, where they need to synchronize with the body's circadian cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyaa Thakur
- NMIMS Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS (deemed to-be) University, Mumbai, India
| | - Prachi Storewala
- NMIMS Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS (deemed to-be) University, Mumbai, India
| | - Upasna Basak
- NMIMS Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS (deemed to-be) University, Mumbai, India
| | - Nitya Jalan
- NMIMS School of Business Management, NMIMS (deemed to-be) University, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasad Pethe
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International University, Pune, India
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de Assis LVM, Moraes MN, Castrucci AMDL. The molecular clock in the skin, its functionality, and how it is disrupted in cutaneous melanoma: a new pharmacological target? Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3801-3826. [PMID: 31222374 PMCID: PMC11105295 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the interface between the organism and the external environment, acting as its first barrier. Thus, this organ is constantly challenged by physical stimuli such as UV and infrared radiation, visible light, and temperature as well as chemicals and pathogens. To counteract the deleterious effects of the above-mentioned stimuli, the skin has complex defense mechanisms such as: immune and neuroendocrine systems; shedding of epidermal squamous layers and apoptosis of damaged cells; DNA repair; and pigmentary system. Here we have reviewed the current knowledge regarding which stimuli affect the molecular clock of the skin, the consequences to skin-related biological processes and, based on such knowledge, we suggest some therapeutic targets. We also explored the recent advances regarding the molecular clock disruption in melanoma, its impact on the carcinogenic process, and its therapeutic value in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R. do Matão, Trav. 14, No. 101, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Maria Nathalia Moraes
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R. do Matão, Trav. 14, No. 101, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
- School of Health Science, University Anhembi Morumbi, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Lauro Castrucci
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Pigmentation, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R. do Matão, Trav. 14, No. 101, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil.
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Golan K, Kollet O, Markus RP, Lapidot T. Daily light and darkness onset and circadian rhythms metabolically synchronize hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and maintenance: The role of bone marrow norepinephrine, tumor necrosis factor, and melatonin cycles. Exp Hematol 2019; 78:1-10. [PMID: 31494174 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are essential for daily mature blood cell production, host immunity, and osteoclast-mediated bone turnover. The timing at which stem cells give rise to mature blood and immune cells while maintaining the bone marrow (BM) reservoir of undifferentiated HSPCs and how these opposite tasks are synchronized are poorly understood. Previous studies revealed that daily light onset activates norepinephrine (NE)-induced BM CXCL12 downregulation, followed by CXCR4+ HSPC release to the circulation. Recently, we reported that daily light onset induces transient elevations of BM NE and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which metabolically program BM HSPC differentiation and recruitment to replenish the blood. In contrast, darkness onset induces lower elevations of BM NE and TNF, activating melatonin production, which metabolically reprograms HSPCs, increasing their short- and long-term repopulation potential, and BM maintenance. How the functions of BM-retained HSPCs are influenced by daily light and darkness cycles and their clinical potential are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Golan
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orit Kollet
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Regina P Markus
- Laboratory of Chronopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tsvee Lapidot
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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45
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Tsujioka H, Yamashita T. Comparison of gene expression profile of the spinal cord of sprouting-capable neonatal and sprouting-incapable adult mice. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:619. [PMID: 31362699 PMCID: PMC6668129 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The regenerative ability of severed axons in the central nervous system is limited in mammals. However, after central nervous system injury, neural function is partially recovered by the formation of a compensatory neural circuit. In a mouse pyramidotomy model, axonal sprouting of the intact side of the corticospinal tract is observed in the spinal cord, and the axons make new synapses with the denervated side of propriospinal neurons. Moreover, this sprouting ability is enhanced in neonatal mice compared to that in adult mice. Myelin-associated molecules in the spinal cord or intrinsic factors in corticospinal neurons have been investigated in previous studies, but the factors that determine elevated sprouting ability in neonatal mice are not fully understood. Further, in the early phase after pyramidotomy, glial responses are observed in the spinal cord. To elucidate the basal difference in the spinal cord, we compared gene expression profiles of entire C4–7 cervical cord tissues between neonatal (injured at postnatal day 7) and adult (injured at 8 weeks of age) mice by RNA-sequencing. We also tried to identify discordant gene expression changes that might inhibit axonal sprouting in adult mice at the early phase (3 days) after pyramidotomy. Results A comparison of neonatal and adult sham groups revealed remarkable basal differences in the spinal cord, such as active neural circuit formation, cell proliferation, the development of myelination, and an immature immune system in neonatal mice compared to that observed in adult mice. Some inflammation-related genes were selectively expressed in adult mice after pyramidotomy, implying the possibility that these genes might be related to the low sprouting ability in adult mice. Conclusions This study provides useful information regarding the basal difference between neonatal and adult spinal cords and the possible differential response after pyramidotomy, both of which are necessary to understand why sprouting ability is increased in neonatal mice compared to that in adult mice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5974-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsujioka
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. .,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. .,Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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46
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Pacelli C, Rotundo G, Lecce L, Menga M, Bidollari E, Scrima R, Cela O, Piccoli C, Cocco T, Vescovi AL, Mazzoccoli G, Rosati J, Capitanio N. Parkin Mutation Affects Clock Gene-Dependent Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112772. [PMID: 31195749 PMCID: PMC6600341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence highlights a tight connection between circadian rhythms, molecular clockworks, and mitochondrial function. In particular, mitochondrial quality control and bioenergetics have been proven to undergo circadian oscillations driven by core clock genes. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons. Almost half of the autosomal recessive forms of juvenile parkinsonism have been associated with mutations in the PARK2 gene coding for parkin, shown to be involved in mitophagy-mediated mitochondrial quality control. The aim of this study was to investigate, in fibroblasts from genetic PD patients carrying parkin mutations, the interplay between mitochondrial bioenergetics and the cell autonomous circadian clock. Using two different in vitro synchronization protocols, we demonstrated that normal fibroblasts displayed rhythmic oscillations of both mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic activity. Conversely, in fibroblasts obtained from PD patients, a severe damping of the bioenergetic oscillatory patterns was observed. Analysis of the core clock genes showed deregulation of their expression patterns in PD fibroblasts, which was confirmed in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) derived thereof. The results from this study support a reciprocal interplay between the clockwork machinery and mitochondrial energy metabolism, point to a parkin-dependent mechanism of regulation, and unveil a hitherto unappreciated level of complexity in the pathophysiology of PD and eventually other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Giovannina Rotundo
- Cell Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Lucia Lecce
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Marta Menga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Eris Bidollari
- Cell Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Rosella Scrima
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Olga Cela
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Claudia Piccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Angelo Luigi Vescovi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Bicocca University of Milan, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Jessica Rosati
- Cell Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
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Paatela E, Munson D, Kikyo N. Circadian Regulation in Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092263. [PMID: 31071906 PMCID: PMC6539890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate over 40% of protein-coding genes in at least one organ in the body through mechanisms tied to the central circadian clock and to cell-intrinsic auto-regulatory feedback loops. Distinct diurnal differences in regulation of regeneration have been found in several organs, including skin, intestinal, and hematopoietic systems. Each regenerating system contains a complex network of cell types with different circadian mechanisms contributing to regeneration. In this review, we elucidate circadian regeneration mechanisms in the three representative systems. We also suggest circadian regulation of global translational activity as an understudied global regulator of regenerative capacity. A more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian regulation of tissue regeneration would accelerate the development of new regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Paatela
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Dane Munson
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Nobuaki Kikyo
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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48
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Colwell CS, Ghiani CA. Potential Circadian Rhythms in Oligodendrocytes? Working Together Through Time. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:591-605. [PMID: 30906970 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OL) are the only myelinating cells of the central nervous system thus interferences, either environmental or genetic, with their maturation or function have devastating consequences. Albeit so far neglected, one of the less appreciated, nevertheless possible, regulators of OL maturation and function is the circadian cycle. Yet, disruptions in these rhythms are unfortunately becoming a common "disorder" in the today's world. The temporal patterning of behaviour and physiology is controlled by a circadian timing system based in the anterior hypothalamus. At the molecular level, circadian rhythms are generated by a transcriptional/translational feedback system that regulates transcription and has a major impact on cellular function(s). Fundamental cellular properties/functions in most cell types vary with the daily circadian cycle: OL are unlikely an exception! To be clear, the presence of circadian oscillators or the cell-specific function(s) of the circadian clock in OL has yet to be defined. Furthermore, we wish to entertain the idea of links between the "thin" evidence on OL intrinsic circadian rhythms and their interjection(s) at different stages of lineage progression as well as in supporting/regulating OL crucial function: myelination. Individuals with intellectual and developmental syndromes as well as neurodegenerative diseases present with a disrupted sleep/wake cycle; hence, we raise the possibility that these disturbances in timing can contribute to the loss of white matter observed in these disorders. Preclinical and clinical work in this area is needed for a better understanding of how circadian rhythms influence OL maturation and function(s), to aid the development of new therapeutic strategies and standards of care for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Cristina A Ghiani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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49
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Rogers EH, Hunt JA, Pekovic-Vaughan V. Adult stem cell maintenance and tissue regeneration around the clock: do impaired stem cell clocks drive age-associated tissue degeneration? Biogerontology 2018; 19:497-517. [PMID: 30374678 PMCID: PMC6223734 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human adult stem cell research is a highly prolific area in modern tissue engineering as these cells have significant potential to provide future cellular therapies for the world's increasingly aged population. Cellular therapies require a smart biomaterial to deliver and localise the cell population; protecting and guiding the stem cells toward predetermined lineage-specific pathways. The cells, in turn, can provide protection to biomaterials and increase its longevity. The right combination of stem cells and biomaterials can significantly increase the therapeutic efficacy. Adult stem cells are utilised to target many changes that negatively impact tissue functions with age. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that lead to changes brought about by the ageing process is imperative as ageing leads to many detrimental effects on stem cell activation, maintenance and differentiation. The circadian clock is an evolutionarily conserved timing mechanism that coordinates physiology, metabolism and behavior with the 24 h solar day to provide temporal tissue homeostasis with the external environment. Circadian rhythms deteriorate with age at both the behavioural and molecular levels, leading to age-associated changes in downstream rhythmic tissue physiology in humans and rodent models. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our knowledge of the role of circadian clocks in adult stem cell maintenance, driven by both cell-autonomous and tissue-specific factors, and the mechanisms by which they co-opt various cellular signaling pathways to impose temporal control on stem cell function. Future research investigating pharmacological and lifestyle interventions by which circadian rhythms within adult stem niches can be manipulated will provide avenues for temporally guided cellular therapies and smart biomaterials to ameliorate age-related tissue deterioration and reduce the burden of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve H Rogers
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - John A Hunt
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, College Drive, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
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50
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Elkhenany H, AlOkda A, El-Badawy A, El-Badri N. Tissue regeneration: Impact of sleep on stem cell regenerative capacity. Life Sci 2018; 214:51-61. [PMID: 30393021 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm orchestrates many cellular functions, such as cell division, cell migration, metabolism and numerous intracellular biological processes. The physiological changes during sleep are believed to promote a suitable microenvironment for stem cells to proliferate, migrate and differentiate. These effects are mediated either directly by circadian clock genes or indirectly via hormones and cytokines. Hormones, such as melatonin and cortisol, are secreted in response to neural optic signals and act in harmony to regulate many biological functions during sleep. Herein, we correlate the effects of the main circadian genes on the expression of certain stem cell genes responsible for the regeneration of different tissues, including bone, cartilage, skin, and intestine. We also review the effects of different hormones and cytokines on stem cell activation or suppression and their relationship to the day/night cycle. The correlation of circadian rhythm with tissue regeneration could have implications in understanding the biology of sleep and tissue regeneration and in enhancing the efficacy and timing of surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Elkhenany
- Centre of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12588, Egypt; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, 22785, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman AlOkda
- Centre of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12588, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Badawy
- Centre of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12588, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Centre of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12588, Egypt.
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