1
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Dreher SI, Grubba P, von Toerne C, Moruzzi A, Maurer J, Goj T, Birkenfeld AL, Peter A, Loskill P, Hauck SM, Weigert C. IGF1 promotes human myotube differentiation toward a mature metabolic and contractile phenotype. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1462-C1481. [PMID: 38690930 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00654.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mediates the beneficial effects of exercise, thereby improving insulin sensitivity and reducing the risk for type 2 diabetes. Current human skeletal muscle models in vitro are incapable of fully recapitulating its physiological functions especially muscle contractility. By supplementation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), a growth factor secreted by myofibers in vivo, we aimed to overcome these limitations. We monitored the differentiation process starting from primary human CD56-positive myoblasts in the presence/absence of IGF1 in serum-free medium in daily collected samples for 10 days. IGF1-supported differentiation formed thicker multinucleated myotubes showing physiological contraction upon electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) following day 6. Myotubes without IGF1 were almost incapable of contraction. IGF1 treatment shifted the proteome toward skeletal muscle-specific proteins that contribute to myofibril and sarcomere assembly, striated muscle contraction, and ATP production. Elevated PPARGC1A, MYH7, and reduced MYH1/2 suggest a more oxidative phenotype further demonstrated by higher abundance of proteins of the respiratory chain and elevated mitochondrial respiration. IGF1-treatment also upregulated glucose transporter (GLUT)4 and increased insulin-dependent glucose uptake compared with myotubes differentiated without IGF1. To conclude, addition of IGF1 to serum-free medium significantly improves the differentiation of human myotubes that showed enhanced myofibril formation, response to electrical pulse stimulation, oxidative respiratory capacity, and glucose metabolism overcoming limitations of previous standards. This novel protocol enables investigation of muscular exercise on a molecular level.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Human skeletal muscle models are highly valuable to study how exercise prevents type 2 diabetes without invasive biopsies. Current models did not fully recapitulate the function of skeletal muscle especially during exercise. By supplementing insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), the authors developed a functional human skeletal muscle model characterized by inducible contractility and increased oxidative and insulin-sensitive metabolism. The novel protocol overcomes the limitations of previous standards and enables investigation of exercise on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon I Dreher
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Grubba
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Moruzzi
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Maurer
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Goj
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Jarmusch S, Baber L, Bidlingmaier M, Ferrari U, Hofmeister F, Hintze S, Mehaffey S, Meinke P, Neuerburg C, Schoser B, Tanganelli F, Drey M. Influence of IGF-I serum concentration on muscular regeneration capacity in patients with sarcopenia. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:807. [PMID: 34544407 PMCID: PMC8454138 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has described a neuroprotective effect of IGF-I, supporting neuronal survival, axon growth and proliferation of muscle cells. Therefore, the association between IGF-I concentration, muscle histology and electrophysiological markers in a cohort of patients with sarcopenia dares investigation. Methods Measurement of serum concentrations of IGF-I and binding partners, electromyographic measurements with the MUNIX (Motor Unit Number Index) method and muscle biopsies were performed in 31 patients with acute hip fracture older age 60 years. Molecular markers for denervation (neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM) and proliferation markers (Ki67) were assessed by immunofluorescence staining of muscle biopsy tissue. Skeletal muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis and hand-grip strength were measured to assess sarcopenia status according to EWGSOP2 criteria. Results Thirty-one patients (20 women) with a mean age of 80.6 ± 7.4 years were included. Concentrations of IGF-I and its binding partners were significantly associated with sarcopenia (ß = − 0.360; p = 0.047) and MUNIX (ß = 0.512; p = 0.005). Further, expression of NCAM (ß = 0.380; p = 0.039) and Ki67 (ß = 0.424; p = 0.022) showed significant associations to IGF-I concentrations. Conclusions The findings suggest a pathogenetic role of IGF-I in sarcopenia based on muscle denervation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-021-04699-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Jarmusch
- Department of Medicine IV, Geriatrics, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Baber
- Department of Medicine IV, Geriatrics, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Department of Medicine IV, Endocrinological Laboratory, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Uta Ferrari
- Department of Medicine IV, Geriatrics, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Hofmeister
- Department of Medicine IV, Geriatrics, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Hintze
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Mehaffey
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Meinke
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carl Neuerburg
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabiana Tanganelli
- Department of Medicine IV, Geriatrics, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Drey
- Department of Medicine IV, Geriatrics, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Baumert P, Temple S, Stanley JM, Cocks M, Strauss JA, Shepherd SO, Drust B, Lake MJ, Stewart CE, Erskine RM. Neuromuscular fatigue and recovery after strenuous exercise depends on skeletal muscle size and stem cell characteristics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7733. [PMID: 33833326 PMCID: PMC8032692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87195-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hamstring muscle injury is highly prevalent in sports involving repeated maximal sprinting. Although neuromuscular fatigue is thought to be a risk factor, the mechanisms underlying the fatigue response to repeated maximal sprints are unclear. Here, we show that repeated maximal sprints induce neuromuscular fatigue accompanied with a prolonged strength loss in hamstring muscles. The immediate hamstring strength loss was linked to both central and peripheral fatigue, while prolonged strength loss was associated with indicators of muscle damage. The kinematic changes immediately after sprinting likely protected fatigued hamstrings from excess elongation stress, while larger hamstring muscle physiological cross-sectional area and lower myoblast:fibroblast ratio appeared to protect against fatigue/damage and improve muscle recovery within the first 48 h after sprinting. We have therefore identified novel mechanisms that likely regulate the fatigue/damage response and initial recovery following repeated maximal sprinting in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Baumert
- Exercise Biology Group, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
| | - S Temple
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - J M Stanley
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Cocks
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - J A Strauss
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - S O Shepherd
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - B Drust
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M J Lake
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - C E Stewart
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - R M Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, University College London, London, UK
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4
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GH/IGF-1 Abnormalities and Muscle Impairment: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010415. [PMID: 33401779 PMCID: PMC7795003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The impairment of skeletal muscle function is one of the most debilitating least understood co-morbidity that accompanies acromegaly (ACRO). Despite being one of the major determinants of these patients’ poor quality of life, there is limited evidence related to the underlying mechanisms and treatment options. Although growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels are associated, albeit not indisputable, with the presence and severity of ACRO myopathies the precise effects attributed to increased GH or IGF-1 levels are still unclear. Yet, cell lines and animal models can help us bridge these gaps. This review aims to describe the evidence regarding the role of GH and IGF-1 in muscle anabolism, from the basic to the clinical setting with special emphasis on ACRO. We also pinpoint future perspectives and research lines that should be considered for improving our knowledge in the field.
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5
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Sharma B, Dabur R. Role of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Metabolism: A Systematic Review. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2161-2188. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181129095309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Metabolic pathways perturbations lead to skeletal muscular atrophy in the
cachexia and sarcopenia due to increased catabolism. Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce the catabolic
pathways that impair the muscle integrity and function. Hence, this review primarily concentrates
on the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines in regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism.
Objective:
This review will discuss the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscles during
muscle wasting conditions. Moreover, the coordination among the pro-inflammatory cytokines
and their regulated molecular signaling pathways which increase the protein degradation will be
discussed.
Results:
During normal conditions, pro-inflammatory cytokines are required to balance anabolism
and catabolism and to maintain normal myogenesis process. However, during muscle wasting their
enhanced expression leads to marked destructive metabolism in the skeletal muscles. Proinflammatory
cytokines primarily exert their effects by increasing the expression of calpains and E3
ligases as well as of Nf-κB, required for protein breakdown and local inflammation. Proinflammatory
cytokines also locally suppress the IGF-1and insulin functions, hence increase the
FoxO activation and decrease the Akt function, the central point of carbohydrates lipid and protein
metabolism.
Conclusion:
Current advancements have revealed that the muscle mass loss during skeletal muscular
atrophy is multifactorial. Despite great efforts, not even a single FDA approved drug is available
in the market. It indicates the well-organized coordination among the pro-inflammatory cytokines
that need to be further understood and explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India
| | - Rajesh Dabur
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India
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6
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Seaborne RA, Hughes DC, Turner DC, Owens DJ, Baehr LM, Gorski P, Semenova EA, Borisov OV, Larin AK, Popov DV, Generozov EV, Sutherland H, Ahmetov II, Jarvis JC, Bodine SC, Sharples AP. UBR5 is a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in skeletal muscle hypertrophy and recovery from atrophy. J Physiol 2019; 597:3727-3749. [PMID: 31093990 DOI: 10.1113/jp278073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS We have recently identified that a HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, named UBR5, is altered epigenetically (via DNA methylation) after human skeletal muscle hypertrophy, where its gene expression is positively correlated with increasing lean leg mass after training and retraining. In the present study we extensively investigate this novel and uncharacterised E3 ubiquitin ligase (UBR5) in skeletal muscle atrophy, recovery from atrophy and injury, anabolism and hypertrophy. We demonstrated that UBR5 was epigenetically altered via DNA methylation during recovery from atrophy. We also determined that UBR5 was alternatively regulated versus well characterised E3 ligases, MuRF1/MAFbx, at the gene expression level during atrophy, recovery from atrophy and hypertrophy. UBR5 also increased at the protein level during recovery from atrophy and injury, hypertrophy and during human muscle cell differentiation. Finally, in humans, genetic variations of the UBR5 gene were strongly associated with larger fast-twitch muscle fibres and strength/power performance versus endurance/untrained phenotypes. ABSTRACT We aimed to investigate a novel and uncharacterized E3 ubiquitin ligase in skeletal muscle atrophy, recovery from atrophy/injury, anabolism and hypertrophy. We demonstrated an alternate gene expression profile for UBR5 vs. well characterized E3-ligases, MuRF1/MAFbx, where, after atrophy evoked by continuous-low-frequency electrical-stimulation in rats, MuRF1/MAFbx were both elevated, yet UBR5 was unchanged. Furthermore, after recovery of muscle mass post TTX-induced atrophy in rats, UBR5 was hypomethylated and increased at the gene expression level, whereas a suppression of MuRF1/MAFbx was observed. At the protein level, we also demonstrated a significant increase in UBR5 after recovery of muscle mass from hindlimb unloading in both adult and aged rats, as well as after recovery from atrophy evoked by nerve crush injury in mice. During anabolism and hypertrophy, UBR5 gene expression increased following acute loading in three-dimensional bioengineered mouse muscle in vitro, and after chronic electrical stimulation-induced hypertrophy in rats in vivo, without increases in MuRF1/MAFbx. Additionally, UBR5 protein abundance increased following functional overload-induced hypertrophy of the plantaris muscle in mice and during differentiation of primary human muscle cells. Finally, in humans, genetic association studies (>700,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms) demonstrated that the A alleles of rs10505025 and rs4734621 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the UBR5 gene were strongly associated with larger cross-sectional area of fast-twitch muscle fibres and favoured strength/power vs. endurance/untrained phenotypes. Overall, we suggest that: (i) UBR5 comprises a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase that is inversely regulated to MuRF1/MAFbx; (ii) UBR5 is epigenetically regulated; and (iii) UBR5 is elevated at both the gene expression and protein level during recovery from skeletal muscle atrophy and hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Seaborne
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine (ISTM), School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK.,Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David C Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Daniel C Turner
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine (ISTM), School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Daniel J Owens
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Leslie M Baehr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Piotr Gorski
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine (ISTM), School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Ekaterina A Semenova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V Borisov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrey K Larin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil V Popov
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Edward V Generozov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hazel Sutherland
- Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ildus I Ahmetov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.,Department of Physical Education, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonathan C Jarvis
- Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Adam P Sharples
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine (ISTM), School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
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7
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Obese subcutaneous adipose tissue impairs human myogenesis, particularly in old skeletal muscle, via resistin-mediated activation of NFκB. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15360. [PMID: 30337633 PMCID: PMC6193975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiposity and adipokines are implicated in the loss of skeletal muscle mass with age and in several chronic disease states. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of human obese and lean subcutaneous adipose tissue secretome on myogenesis and metabolism in skeletal muscle cells derived from both young (18-30 yr) and elderly (>65 yr) individuals. Obese subcutaneous adipose tissue secretome impaired the myogenesis of old myoblasts but not young myoblasts. Resistin was prolifically secreted by obese subcutaneous adipose tissue and impaired myotube thickness and nuclear fusion by activation of the classical NFκB pathway. Depletion of resistin from obese adipose tissue secretome restored myogenesis. Inhibition of the classical NFκB pathway protected myoblasts from the detrimental effect of resistin on myogenesis. Resistin also promoted intramyocellular lipid accumulation in myotubes and altered myotube metabolism by enhancing fatty acid oxidation and increasing myotube respiration and ATP production. In conclusion, resistin derived from human obese subcutaneous adipose tissue impairs myogenesis of human skeletal muscle, particularly older muscle, and alters muscle metabolism in developing myotubes. These findings may have important implications for the maintenance of muscle mass in older people with chronic inflammatory conditions, or older people who are obese or overweight.
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8
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Seaborne RA, Strauss J, Cocks M, Shepherd S, O'Brien TD, van Someren KA, Bell PG, Murgatroyd C, Morton JP, Stewart CE, Sharples AP. Human Skeletal Muscle Possesses an Epigenetic Memory of Hypertrophy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1898. [PMID: 29382913 PMCID: PMC5789890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unknown if adult human skeletal muscle has an epigenetic memory of earlier encounters with growth. We report, for the first time in humans, genome-wide DNA methylation (850,000 CpGs) and gene expression analysis after muscle hypertrophy (loading), return of muscle mass to baseline (unloading), followed by later hypertrophy (reloading). We discovered increased frequency of hypomethylation across the genome after reloading (18,816 CpGs) versus earlier loading (9,153 CpG sites). We also identified AXIN1, GRIK2, CAMK4, TRAF1 as hypomethylated genes with enhanced expression after loading that maintained their hypomethylated status even during unloading where muscle mass returned to control levels, indicating a memory of these genes methylation signatures following earlier hypertrophy. Further, UBR5, RPL35a, HEG1, PLA2G16, SETD3 displayed hypomethylation and enhanced gene expression following loading, and demonstrated the largest increases in hypomethylation, gene expression and muscle mass after later reloading, indicating an epigenetic memory in these genes. Finally, genes; GRIK2, TRAF1, BICC1, STAG1 were epigenetically sensitive to acute exercise demonstrating hypomethylation after a single bout of resistance exercise that was maintained 22 weeks later with the largest increase in gene expression and muscle mass after reloading. Overall, we identify an important epigenetic role for a number of largely unstudied genes in muscle hypertrophy/memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Seaborne
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine (ISTM), School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Juliette Strauss
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Cocks
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Shepherd
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas D O'Brien
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ken A van Someren
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip G Bell
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Murgatroyd
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E Stewart
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P Sharples
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine (ISTM), School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom. .,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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9
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Saini A, Sharples AP, Al-Shanti N, Stewart CE. Omega-3 fatty acid EPA improves regenerative capacity of mouse skeletal muscle cells exposed to saturated fat and inflammation. Biogerontology 2016; 18:109-129. [PMID: 27864687 PMCID: PMC5288450 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is characterised by high fat mass, low muscle mass and an elevated inflammatory environmental milieu. We therefore investigated the effects of elevated inflammatory cytokine TNF-α (aging/obesity) and saturated fatty acid, palmitate (obesity) on skeletal muscle cells in the presence/absence of EPA, a-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with proposed anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity activities. In the present study we show that palmitate was lipotoxic, inducing high levels of cell death and blocking myotube formation. Cell death under these conditions was associated with increased caspase activity, suppression of differentiation, reductions in both creatine kinase activity and gene expression of myogenic factors; IGF-II, IGFBP-5, MyoD and myogenin. However, inhibition of caspase activity via administration of Z-VDVAD-FMK (caspase-2), Z-DEVD-FMK (caspase-3) and ZIETD-KMK (caspase 8) was without effect on cell death. By contrast, lipotoxicity associated with elevated palmitate was reduced with the MEK inhibitor PD98059, indicating palmitate induced cell death was MAPK mediated. These lipotoxic conditions were further exacerbated in the presence of inflammation via TNF-α co-administration. Addition of EPA under cytotoxic stress (TNF-α) was shown to partially rescue differentiation with enhanced myotube formation being associated with increased MyoD, myogenin, IGF-II and IGFBP-5 expression. EPA had little impact on the cell death phenotype observed in lipotoxic conditions but did show benefit in restoring differentiation under lipotoxic plus cytotoxic conditions. Under these conditions Id3 (inhibitor of differentiation) gene expression was inversely linked with survival rates, potentially indicating a novel role of EPA and Id3 in the regulation of apoptosis in lipotoxic/cytotoxic conditions. Additionally, signalling studies indicated the combination of lipo- and cyto-toxic effects on the muscle cells acted through ceramide, JNK and MAPK pathways and blocking these pathways using PD98059 (MEK inhibitor) and Fumonisin B1 (ceramide inhibitor) significantly reduced levels of cell death. These findings highlight novel pathways associated with in vitro models of lipotoxicity (palmitate-mediated) and cytotoxicity (inflammatory cytokine mediated) in the potential targeting of molecular modulators of sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjit Saini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adam P Sharples
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology (SCAMP) Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Life Science Building, Byrom Street Campus, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Nasser Al-Shanti
- Neuromuscular and Skeletal Ageing Research Group, Healthcare Science Research Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Claire E Stewart
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology (SCAMP) Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Life Science Building, Byrom Street Campus, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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10
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Girven M, Dugdale HF, Owens DJ, Hughes DC, Stewart CE, Sharples AP. l-glutamine Improves Skeletal Muscle Cell Differentiation and Prevents Myotube Atrophy After Cytokine (TNF-α) Stress Via Reduced p38 MAPK Signal Transduction. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2720-32. [PMID: 26991744 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) is chronically elevated in conditions where skeletal muscle loss occurs. As l-glutamine can dampen the effects of inflamed environments, we investigated the role of l-glutamine in both differentiating C2C12 myoblasts and existing myotubes in the absence/presence of TNF-α (20 ng · ml(-1) ) ± l-glutamine (20 mM). TNF-α reduced the proportion of cells in G1 phase, as well as biochemical (CK activity) and morphological differentiation (myotube number), with corresponding reductions in transcript expression of: Myogenin, Igf-I, and Igfbp5. Furthermore, when administered to mature myotubes, TNF-α induced myotube loss and atrophy underpinned by reductions in Myogenin, Igf-I, Igfbp2, and glutamine synthetase and parallel increases in Fox03, Cfos, p53, and Bid gene expression. Investigation of signaling activity suggested that Akt and ERK1/2 were unchanged, JNK increased (non-significantly) whereas P38 MAPK substantially and significantly increased in both myoblasts and myotubes in the presence of TNF-α. Importantly, 20 mM l-glutamine reduced p38 MAPK activity in TNF-α conditions back to control levels, with a corresponding rescue of myoblast differentiation and a reversal of atrophy in myotubes. l-glutamine resulted in upregulation of genes associated with growth and survival including; Myogenin, Igf-Ir, Myhc2 & 7, Tnfsfr1b, Adra1d, and restored atrophic gene expression of Fox03 back to baseline in TNF-α conditions. In conclusion, l-glutamine supplementation rescued suppressed muscle cell differentiation and prevented myotube atrophy in an inflamed environment via regulation of p38 MAPK. l-glutamine administration could represent an important therapeutic strategy for reducing muscle loss in catabolic diseases and inflamed ageing. J. Cell. Physiol. 9999: 231: 2720-2732, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Girven
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah F Dugdale
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Owens
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Centre de Recherche en Myologie (CRM), GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris 13, France
| | - David C Hughes
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Claire E Stewart
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P Sharples
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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11
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Oonk S, Spitali P, Hiller M, Switzar L, Dalebout H, Calissano M, Lochmüller H, Aartsma-Rus A, 't Hoen PAC, van der Burgt YEM. Comparative mass spectrometric and immunoassay-based proteome analysis in serum of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:290-9. [PMID: 26680509 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe and fatal neuromuscular disease. With the current developments on novel therapeutic strategies for DMD, the need to carefully monitor disease progression or regression upon treatment using molecular markers has become urgent. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 2D LC protein fractionation was performed on patient serum samples, followed by LC-MS/MS-based identifications with label-free quantifications. RESULTS Protein signatures were compared between patients and healthy (child and adult) controls and between ambulant and nonambulant patients. Various myofibrillar proteins demonstrated differences between DMD patients and controls, likely due to leakiness and breakdown of muscle fibers. Previously reported biomarkers, such as muscle-derived titin, myosin, and carbonic anhydrase I (CA1), were verified. MS-based results were compared with ELISA for vitamin D binding protein (GC), fibulin-1 (FBLN1), gelsolin (GSN), and carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The combined results of MS- and ELISA-based quantifications indicated more studies are needed to validate this serum protein signature for DMD patients. With these data promising candidate biomarkers have been identified for a rare genetic disease using serum proteome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Oonk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pietro Spitali
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Hiller
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Switzar
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.,Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Dalebout
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mattia Calissano
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Center, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Center, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Annemieke Aartsma-Rus
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.,John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Center, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yuri E M van der Burgt
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Meyer SU, Krebs S, Thirion C, Blum H, Krause S, Pfaffl MW. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Induced Modifications of the Gene Expression Kinetics of Differentiating Skeletal Muscle Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139520. [PMID: 26447881 PMCID: PMC4598026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction TNF-α levels are increased during muscle wasting and chronic muscle degeneration and regeneration processes, which are characteristic for primary muscle disorders. Pathologically increased TNF-α levels have a negative effect on muscle cell differentiation efficiency, while IGF1 can have a positive effect; therefore, we intended to elucidate the impact of TNF-α and IGF1 on gene expression during the early stages of skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Methodology/Principal Findings This study presents gene expression data of the murine skeletal muscle cells PMI28 during myogenic differentiation or differentiation with TNF-α or IGF1 exposure at 0 h, 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 72 h after induction. Our study detected significant coregulation of gene sets involved in myoblast differentiation or in the response to TNF-α. Gene expression data revealed a time- and treatment-dependent regulation of signaling pathways, which are prominent in myogenic differentiation. We identified enrichment of pathways, which have not been specifically linked to myoblast differentiation such as doublecortin-like kinase pathway associations as well as enrichment of specific semaphorin isoforms. Moreover to the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a specific inverse regulation of the following genes in myoblast differentiation and response to TNF-α: Aknad1, Cmbl, Sepp1, Ndst4, Tecrl, Unc13c, Spats2l, Lix1, Csdc2, Cpa1, Parm1, Serpinb2, Aspn, Fibin, Slc40a1, Nrk, and Mybpc1. We identified a gene subset (Nfkbia, Nfkb2, Mmp9, Mef2c, Gpx, and Pgam2), which is robustly regulated by TNF-α across independent myogenic differentiation studies. Conclusions This is the largest dataset revealing the impact of TNF-α or IGF1 treatment on gene expression kinetics of early in vitro skeletal myoblast differentiation. We identified novel mRNAs, which have not yet been associated with skeletal muscle differentiation or response to TNF-α. Results of this study may facilitate the understanding of transcriptomic networks underlying inhibited muscle differentiation in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swanhild U Meyer
- Physiology Weihenstephan, ZIEL Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Sabine Krause
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Physiology Weihenstephan, ZIEL Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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13
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Sharples AP, Polydorou I, Hughes DC, Owens DJ, Hughes TM, Stewart CE. Skeletal muscle cells possess a 'memory' of acute early life TNF-α exposure: role of epigenetic adaptation. Biogerontology 2015; 17:603-17. [PMID: 26349924 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sufficient quantity and quality of skeletal muscle is required to maintain lifespan and healthspan into older age. The concept of skeletal muscle programming/memory has been suggested to contribute to accelerated muscle decline in the elderly in association with early life stress such as fetal malnutrition. Further, muscle cells in vitro appear to remember the in vivo environments from which they are derived (e.g. cancer, obesity, type II diabetes, physical inactivity and nutrient restriction). Tumour-necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is chronically elevated in sarcopenia and cancer cachexia. Higher TNF-α levels are strongly correlated with muscle loss, reduced strength and therefore morbidity and earlier mortality. We have extensively shown that TNF-α impairs regenerative capacity in mouse and human muscle derived stem cells [Meadows et al. (J Cell Physiol 183(3):330-337, 2000); Foulstone et al. (J Cell Physiol 189(2):207-215, 2001); Foulstone et al. (Exp Cell Res 294(1):223-235, 2004); Stewart et al. (J Cell Physiol 198(2):237-247, 2004); Al-Shanti et al. (Growth factors (Chur, Switzerland) 26(2):61-73, 2008); Saini et al. (Growth factors (Chur, Switzerland) 26(5):239-253, 2008); Sharples et al. (J Cell Physiol 225(1):240-250, 2010)]. We have also recently established an epigenetically mediated mechanism (SIRT1-histone deacetylase) regulating survival of myoblasts in the presence of TNF-α [Saini et al. (Exp Physiol 97(3):400-418, 2012)]. We therefore wished to extend this work in relation to muscle memory of catabolic stimuli and the potential underlying epigenetic modulation of muscle loss. To enable this aim; C2C12 myoblasts were cultured in the absence or presence of early TNF-α (early proliferative lifespan) followed by 30 population doublings in the absence of TNF-α, prior to the induction of differentiation in low serum media (LSM) in the absence or presence of late TNF-α (late proliferative lifespan). The cells that received an early plus late lifespan dose of TNF-α exhibited reduced morphological (myotube number) and biochemical (creatine kinase activity) differentiation vs. control cells that underwent the same number of proliferative divisions but only a later life encounter with TNF-α. This suggested that muscle cells had a morphological memory of the acute early lifespan TNF-α encounter. Importantly, methylation of myoD CpG islands were increased in the early TNF-α cells, 30 population doublings later, suggesting that even after an acute encounter with TNF-α, the cells have the capability of retaining elevated methylation for at least 30 cellular divisions. Despite these fascinating findings, there were no further increases in myoD methylation or changes in its gene expression when these cells were exposed to a later TNF-α dose suggesting that this was not directly responsible for the decline in differentiation observed. In conclusion, data suggest that elevated myoD methylation is retained throughout muscle cells proliferative lifespan as result of early life TNF-α treatment and has implications for the epigenetic control of muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Sharples
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Ioanna Polydorou
- Department of Neuropediatrics and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,UFR des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | - David C Hughes
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Owens
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas M Hughes
- Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan, Ghent, Belgium.,Instituto de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Claire E Stewart
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology Unit, Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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14
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Meyer SU, Sass S, Mueller NS, Krebs S, Bauersachs S, Kaiser S, Blum H, Thirion C, Krause S, Theis FJ, Pfaffl MW. Integrative Analysis of MicroRNA and mRNA Data Reveals an Orchestrated Function of MicroRNAs in Skeletal Myocyte Differentiation in Response to TNF-α or IGF1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135284. [PMID: 26270642 PMCID: PMC4536022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Skeletal muscle cell differentiation is impaired by elevated levels of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) with pathological significance in chronic diseases or inherited muscle disorders. Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF1) positively regulates muscle cell differentiation. Both, TNF-α and IGF1 affect gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression in this process. However, computational prediction of miRNA-mRNA relations is challenged by false positives and targets which might be irrelevant in the respective cellular transcriptome context. Thus, this study is focused on functional information about miRNA affected target transcripts by integrating miRNA and mRNA expression profiling data. Methodology/Principal Findings Murine skeletal myocytes PMI28 were differentiated for 24 hours with concomitant TNF-α or IGF1 treatment. Both, mRNA and miRNA expression profiling was performed. The data-driven integration of target prediction and paired mRNA/miRNA expression profiling data revealed that i) the quantity of predicted miRNA-mRNA relations was reduced, ii) miRNA targets with a function in cell cycle and axon guidance were enriched, iii) differential regulation of anti-differentiation miR-155-5p and miR-29b-3p as well as pro-differentiation miR-335-3p, miR-335-5p, miR-322-3p, and miR-322-5p seemed to be of primary importance during skeletal myoblast differentiation compared to the other miRNAs, iv) the abundance of targets and affected biological processes was miRNA specific, and v) subsets of miRNAs may collectively regulate gene expression. Conclusions Joint analysis of mRNA and miRNA profiling data increased the process-specificity and quality of predicted relations by statistically selecting miRNA-target interactions. Moreover, this study revealed miRNA-specific predominant biological implications in skeletal muscle cell differentiation and in response to TNF-α or IGF1 treatment. Furthermore, myoblast differentiation-associated miRNAs are suggested to collectively regulate gene clusters and targets associated with enriched specific gene ontology terms or pathways. Predicted miRNA functions of this study provide novel insights into defective regulation at the transcriptomic level during myocyte proliferation and differentiation due to inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swanhild U. Meyer
- Physiology Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Steffen Sass
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nikola S. Mueller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Bauersachs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kaiser
- Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Krause
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian J. Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Physiology Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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15
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Sharples AP, Hughes DC, Deane CS, Saini A, Selman C, Stewart CE. Longevity and skeletal muscle mass: the role of IGF signalling, the sirtuins, dietary restriction and protein intake. Aging Cell 2015; 14:511-23. [PMID: 25866088 PMCID: PMC4531066 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is associated with a progressive loss of skeletal muscle (SkM) mass and function. Given the worldwide aging demographics, this is a major contributor to morbidity, escalating socio-economic costs and ultimately mortality. Previously, it has been established that a decrease in regenerative capacity in addition to SkM loss with age coincides with suppression of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathways. However, genetic or pharmacological modulations of these highly conserved pathways have been observed to significantly enhance life and healthspan in various species, including mammals. This therefore provides a controversial paradigm in which reduced regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle tissue with age potentially promotes longevity of the organism. This paradox will be assessed and considered in the light of the following: (i) the genetic knockout, overexpression and pharmacological models that induce lifespan extension (e.g. IRS-1/s6K KO, mTOR inhibition) versus the important role of these signalling pathways in SkM growth and adaptation; (ii) the role of the sirtuins (SIRTs) in longevity versus their emerging role in SkM regeneration and survival under catabolic stress; (iii) the role of dietary restriction and its impact on longevity versus skeletal muscle mass regulation; (iv) the crosstalk between cellular energy metabolism (AMPK/TSC2/SIRT1) and survival (FOXO) versus growth and repair of SkM (e.g. AMPK vs. mTOR); and (v) the impact of protein feeding in combination with dietary restriction will be discussed as a potential intervention to maintain SkM mass while increasing longevity and enabling healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. Sharples
- Stem Cells, Ageing & Molecular Physiology Unit; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES); Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group (EMARG); Liverpool John Moores University; Tom Reilly Building Liverpool L3 3AF UK
| | - David C. Hughes
- Stem Cells, Ageing & Molecular Physiology Unit; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES); Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group (EMARG); Liverpool John Moores University; Tom Reilly Building Liverpool L3 3AF UK
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior; University of California; Davis California CA 95616 USA
| | - Colleen S. Deane
- MRC/ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research; School of Medicine; University of Nottingham; Royal Derby Hospital; Derby DE22 3DT UK
- School of Health and Social Care; Bournemouth University; Bournemouth BH12 5BB UK
| | - Amarjit Saini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm 171 77 Sweden
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER); Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine; College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Claire E. Stewart
- Stem Cells, Ageing & Molecular Physiology Unit; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES); Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group (EMARG); Liverpool John Moores University; Tom Reilly Building Liverpool L3 3AF UK
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16
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Meyer SU, Thirion C, Polesskaya A, Bauersachs S, Kaiser S, Krause S, Pfaffl MW. TNF-α and IGF1 modify the microRNA signature in skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Cell Commun Signal 2015; 13:4. [PMID: 25630602 PMCID: PMC4325962 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-015-0083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated levels of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α are common in chronic diseases or inherited or degenerative muscle disorders and can lead to muscle wasting. By contrast, IGF1 has a growth promoting effect on skeletal muscle. The molecular mechanisms mediating the effect of TNF-α and IGF1 on muscle cell differentiation are not completely understood. Muscle cell proliferation and differentiation are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) which play a dominant role in this process. This study aims at elucidating how TNF-α or IGF1 regulate microRNA expression to affect myoblast differentiation and myotube formation. Results In this study, we analyzed the impact of TNF-α or IGF1 treatment on miRNA expression in myogenic cells. Results reveal that i) TNF-α and IGF1 regulate miRNA expression during skeletal muscle cell differentiation in vitro, ii) microRNA targets can mediate the negative effect of TNF-α on fusion capacity of skeletal myoblasts by targeting genes associated with axon guidance, MAPK signalling, focal adhesion, and neurotrophin signalling pathway, iii) inhibition of miR-155 in combination with overexpression of miR-503 partially abrogates the inhibitory effect of TNF-α on myotube formation, and iv) MAPK/ERK inhibition might participate in modulating the effect of TNF-α and IGF1 on miRNA abundance. Conclusions The inhibitory effects of TNF-α or the growth promoting effects of IGF1 on skeletal muscle differentiation include the deregulation of known muscle-regulatory miRNAs as well as miRNAs which have not yet been associated with skeletal muscle differentiation or response to TNF-α or IGF1. This study indicates that miRNAs are mediators of the inhibitory effect of TNF-α on myoblast differentiation. We show that intervention at the miRNA level can ameliorate the negative effect of TNF-α by promoting myoblast differentiation. Moreover, we cautiously suggest that TNF-α or IGF1 modulate the miRNA biogenesis of some miRNAs via MAPK/ERK signalling. Finally, this study identifies indicative biomarkers of myoblast differentiation and cytokine influence and points to novel RNA targets. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12964-015-0083-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swanhild U Meyer
- Physiology Weihenstephan, ZIEL Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Christian Thirion
- SIRION Biotech GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Anna Polesskaya
- CNRS FRE 3377, Univ. Paris-Sud, CEA Saclay, iBiTec-S/ SBIGeM, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Stefan Bauersachs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Current address: ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Physiology, Universitätstrasse 2 / LFW B 58.1, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sebastian Kaiser
- Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ludwigstr. 33, 80539, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sabine Krause
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Physiology Weihenstephan, ZIEL Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85354, Freising, Germany.
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17
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Park M, Lee BS, Jeon SH, Nam HJ, Lee G, Kim CH, Cho H, Lee JH. A novel isoform of met receptor tyrosine kinase blocks hepatocyte growth factor/Met signaling and stimulates skeletal muscle cell differentiation. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:1804-17. [PMID: 25471370 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.596957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor, Met, regulate skeletal muscle differentiation. In the present study, we identified a novel alternatively spliced isoform of Met lacking exon 13 (designated Δ13Met), which is expressed mainly in human skeletal muscle. Alternative splicing yielded a truncated Met having extracellular domain only, suggesting an inhibitory role. Indeed, Δ13Met expression led to a decrease in HGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Met and ERK phosphorylation, as well as cell proliferation and migration via sequestration of HGF. Interestingly, in human primary myoblasts undergoing differentiation, Δ13Met mRNA and protein levels were rapidly increased, concomitantly with a decrease in wild type Met mRNA and protein. Inhibition of Δ13Met with siRNA led to a decreased differentiation, whereas its overexpression potentiated differentiation of human primary myoblasts. Furthermore, in notexin-induced mouse injury model, exogenous Δ13Met expression enhanced regeneration of skeletal muscle, further confirming a stimulatory role of the isoform in muscle cell differentiation. In summary, we identified a novel alternatively spliced inhibitory isoform of Met that stimulates muscle cell differentiation, which confers a new means to control muscle differentiation and/or regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseon Park
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | | | - Soung-Hoo Jeon
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Hyun-Ja Nam
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Gwang Lee
- Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-721, Korea
| | | | - Hyeseong Cho
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
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18
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Costa A, Toschi A, Murfuni I, Pelosi L, Sica G, Adamo S, Scicchitano BM. Local overexpression of V1a-vasopressin receptor enhances regeneration in tumor necrosis factor-induced muscle atrophy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:235426. [PMID: 24971321 PMCID: PMC4055243 DOI: 10.1155/2014/235426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy occurs during disuse and aging, or as a consequence of chronic diseases such as cancer and diabetes. It is characterized by progressive loss of muscle tissue due to hypotrophic changes, degeneration, and an inability of the regeneration machinery to replace damaged myofibers. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a proinflammatory cytokine known to mediate muscle atrophy in many chronic diseases and to inhibit skeletal muscle regeneration. In this study, we investigated the role of Arg-vasopressin-(AVP-)dependent pathways in muscles in which atrophy was induced by local overexpression of TNF. AVP is a potent myogenesis-promoting factor and is able to enhance skeletal muscle regeneration by stimulating Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase and calcineurin signaling. We performed morphological and molecular analyses and demonstrated that local over-expression of the AVP receptor V1a enhances regeneration of atrophic muscle. By upregulating the regeneration/differentiation markers, modulating the inflammatory response, and attenuating fibrogenesis, the stimulation of AVP-dependent pathways creates a favourable environment for efficient and sustained muscle regeneration and repair even in the presence of elevated levels of TNF. This study highlights a novel in vivo role for AVP-dependent pathways, which may represent an interesting strategy to counteract muscle decline in aging or in muscular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Costa
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelica Toschi
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivana Murfuni
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pelosi
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gigliola Sica
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Catholic University School of Medicine, L.go F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Adamo
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Scicchitano
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Catholic University School of Medicine, L.go F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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19
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An alternate protocol for establishment of primary caprine fetal myoblast cell culture: an in vitro model for muscle growth study. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:589-97. [PMID: 23739872 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cultured myoblasts have been used extensively as an in vitro model in understanding the underlying mechanisms of myogenesis. Various protocols for establishing a pure myoblast culture have been reported which involve the use of special procedures like flow cytometry and density gradient centrifugation. In goat, only a few protocols for establishing a myogenic cell culture are available and these protocols use adult muscle tissues which often does not yield sufficient numbers of precursor cells with adequate proliferative capacity. Considering the disadvantages of adult myoblasts, we are proposing an alternate protocol using caprine fetus which does not require any special procedures. In the present study, more than 90-95% fetal-derived cell populations had the typical spindle to polyhedral shape of myoblast cell and stained positive for desmin, hence confirming their myogenic origin. These cells attained the maximum confluency as early as 3-4 d against 3 wk by adult myoblasts indicating a better growth potential. Further, quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed a higher expression (p < 0.01) of myogenic regulatory factors (i.e., myogenic determination factor 1, myogenic factor 5, and myogenin) and myostatin (MSTN) in the fetal as compared to the adult myoblasts. Consequently, higher proliferation and differentiation ability along with higher abundance of myogenic markers and MSTN make the fetal myoblasts a better in vitro model.
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20
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Sharples AP, Al-Shanti N, Hughes DC, Lewis MP, Stewart CE. The role of insulin-like-growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) in the regulation of myoblast differentiation and hypertrophy. Growth Horm IGF Res 2013; 23:53-61. [PMID: 23583027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The complex actions of the insulin-like-growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) in skeletal muscle are becoming apparent, with IGFBP2 being implicated in skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation (Ernst et al., 1992; Sharples et al., 2010). Furthermore, PTEN signalling has been linked to IGFBP2 action in other cell types by co-ordinating downstream Akt signalling, a known modulator of myoblast differentiation. The present study therefore aimed to determine the interaction between IGFBP2 and PTEN on myoblast differentiation. It has previously been established that C2C12 cells have high IGFBP2 gene expression upon transfer to low serum media, and that expression reduces rapidly as cells differentiate over 72 h [1]. Wishing to establish a potential role for IGFBP2 in this model, a neutralising IGFBP2 antibody was administered to C2C12 myoblasts upon initiation of differentiation. Myoblasts subsequently displayed reduced morphological differentiation (myotube number), biochemical differentiation (creatine kinase) and myotube hypertrophy (myotube area) with an early reduction in Akt phosphorylation. Knock-down of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) using siRNA in the absence of the neutralising antibody did not improve differentiation or hypertrophy vs. control conditions, however, in the presence of the neutralising IGFBP2 antibody, differentiation was restored and importantly hypertrophy exceeded that of control levels. Overall, these data suggest that; 1) reduced early availability of IGFBP2 can inhibit myoblast differentiation at later time points, 2) knock-down of PTEN levels can restore myoblast differentiation in the presence of neutralising IGFBP2 antibody, and 3) PTEN inhibition acts as a potent inducer of myotube hypertrophy when the availability of IGFBP2 is reduced in C2C12 myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Sharples
- Stem Cell, Ageing and Molecular Physiology (SCAMP) Unit, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, UK.
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21
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Age-dependent alteration in muscle regeneration: the critical role of tissue niche. Biogerontology 2013; 14:273-92. [PMID: 23666344 PMCID: PMC3719007 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although adult skeletal muscle is composed of fully differentiated fibers, it retains the capacity to regenerate in response to injury and to modify its contractile and metabolic properties in response to changing demands. The major role in the growth, remodeling and regeneration is played by satellite cells, a quiescent population of myogenic precursor cells that reside between the basal lamina and plasmalemma and that are rapidly activated in response to appropriate stimuli. However, in pathologic conditions or during aging, the complete regenerative program can be precluded by fibrotic tissue formation and resulting in functional impairment of the skeletal muscle. Our study, along with other studies, demonstrated that although the regenerative program can also be impaired by the limited proliferative capacity of satellite cells, this limit is not reached during normal aging, and it is more likely that the restricted muscle repair program in aging is presumably due to missing signals that usually render the damaged muscle a permissive environment for regenerative activity.
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22
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Bizzarro V, Belvedere R, Dal Piaz F, Parente L, Petrella A. Annexin A1 induces skeletal muscle cell migration acting through formyl peptide receptors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48246. [PMID: 23144744 PMCID: PMC3483218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 (ANXA1, lipocortin-1) is a glucocorticoid-regulated 37-kDa protein, so called since its main property is to bind (i.e. to annex) to cellular membranes in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Although ANXA1 has predominantly been studied in the context of immune responses and cancer, the protein can affect a larger variety of biological phenomena, including cell proliferation and migration. Our previous results show that endogenous ANXA1 positively modulates myoblast cell differentiation by promoting migration of satellite cells and, consequently, skeletal muscle differentiation. In this work, we have evaluated the hypothesis that ANXA1 is able to exert effects on myoblast cell migration acting through formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) following changes in its subcellular localization as in other cell types and tissues. The analysis of the subcellular localization of ANXA1 in C2C12 myoblasts during myogenic differentiation showed an interesting increase of extracellular ANXA1 starting from the initial phases of skeletal muscle cell differentiation. The investigation of intracellular Ca(2+) perturbation following exogenous administration of the ANXA1 N-terminal derived peptide Ac2-26 established the engagement of the FPRs which expression in C2C12 cells was assessed by qualitative PCR. Wound healing assay experiments showed that Ac2-26 peptide is able to increase migration of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and to induce cell surface translocation and secretion of ANXA1. Our results suggest a role for ANXA1 as a highly versatile component in the signaling chains triggered by the proper calcium perturbation that takes place during active migration and differentiation or membrane repair since the protein is strongly redistributed onto the plasma membranes after an rapid increase of intracellular levels of Ca(2+). These properties indicate that ANXA1 may be involved in a novel repair mechanism for skeletal muscle and may have therapeutic implications with respect to the development of ANXA1 mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bizzarro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Raffaella Belvedere
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Luca Parente
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonello Petrella
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
- * E-mail:
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23
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Beenakker KGM, Duijnisveld BJ, Van Der Linden HMJ, Visser CPJ, Westendorp RGJ, Butler-Brown G, Nelissen RGHH, Maier AB. Muscle characteristics in patients with chronic systemic inflammation. Muscle Nerve 2012; 46:204-9. [PMID: 22806369 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Histological characteristics of age-related muscle wasting are type II muscle fiber atrophy, accumulation of oxidative stress-induced lipofuscin granules and decreased satellite cell numbers. There is increasing clinical evidence for a strong correlation between chronic systemic inflammation and age-related muscle wasting. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of chronic systemic inflammation on age-related histological muscle characteristics. METHODS As a model for chronic systemic inflammation, we included 10 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 27 control patients suffering from osteoarthritis (OA). Biopsies were taken from the vastus medialis muscle. RESULTS No significant differences were found in type II muscle fiber atrophy, lipofuscin accumulation, or satellite cell number in RA compared with OA patients. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest there is no association between chronic systemic inflammation in RA and age-related muscle characteristics. Future research should focus on inflammation and satellite cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel G M Beenakker
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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24
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Al-Shanti N, Stewart CE. Inhibitory effects of IL-6 on IGF-1 activity in skeletal myoblasts could be mediated by the activation of SOCS-3. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:923-33. [PMID: 22033984 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In elderly people, low and high levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), respectively, are well documented and may contribute to reduced muscle mass and poor muscle function of ageing and suggesting a biological interactions between IGF-1 and IL-6. However, the dual effect of IGF-1/IL-6 on skeletal muscle differentiation and proliferation has not been fully investigated. We therefore hypothesised that IL-6 impairs the biological activity of IGF-1 in skeletal muscle through inhibiting its signalling pathways, ERK1/2 and Akt. Our aim was to examine the combined effects of these factors on models of muscle wasting, with objectives to examine skeletal muscle differentiation and proliferation using the murine C2 skeletal muscle cell line. Cells were cultured with DM, IGF-1 and IL-6 alone (control treatments), or co-cultured with IGF-1/IL-6. Co-incubation of C2 cells in IGF-1 plus IL-6 resulted in maximal cell death (22 ± 4%; P < 0.005) compared with control treatments (14 ± 2.9%). This was also confirmed by cyclin D1 expression levels in co-incubation treatments (7 ± 3.5%; P < 0.05) compared with control treatments (≈ 23%). The expression levels of myogenic-specific transcriptional factor mRNAs (myoD and myogenin) were also significantly (P < 0.005) reduced by 70% and 90%, respectively, under the co-incubation regimes, compared with control treatments. Signalling investigations showed significant phosphorylation reduction by 20%, (P < 0.05) of ERK1/2 and Akt in co-incubation treatments relative to either treatment alone. Expression studies for SOCS-3 (1.6-fold ± 0.08, P < 0.05) and IRS-1 (0.65-fold ± 0.13 P < 0.005) mRNAs showed significant elevation and reduction for both genes, respectively, in co-treatments relative to control treatments. These data may suggest that IL-6 exerts its inhibitory effects on IGF-1 signalling pathways (ERK1/2 and Akt) through blocking its receptor substrate IRS-1 by SOCS-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Al-Shanti
- School of Healthcare Science, Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 5GD, England, UK.
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25
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Does Branched-Chain Amino Acids Supplementation Modulate Skeletal Muscle Remodeling through Inflammation Modulation? Possible Mechanisms of Action. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:136937. [PMID: 22536489 PMCID: PMC3321450 DOI: 10.1155/2012/136937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle protein turnover is modulated by intracellular signaling pathways involved in protein synthesis, degradation, and inflammation. The proinflammatory status of muscle cells, observed in pathological conditions such as cancer, aging, and sepsis, can directly modulate protein translation initiation and muscle proteolysis, contributing to negative protein turnover. In this context, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), especially leucine, have been described as a strong nutritional stimulus able to enhance protein translation initiation and attenuate proteolysis. Furthermore, under inflammatory conditions, BCAA can be transaminated to glutamate in order to increase glutamine synthesis, which is a substrate highly consumed by inflammatory cells such as macrophages. The present paper describes the role of inflammation on muscle remodeling and the possible metabolic and cellular effects of BCAA supplementation in the modulation of inflammatory status of skeletal muscle and the consequences on protein synthesis and degradation.
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26
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Saini A, Al-Shanti N, Sharples AP, Stewart CE. Sirtuin 1 regulates skeletal myoblast survival and enhances differentiation in the presence of resveratrol. Exp Physiol 2011; 97:400-18. [PMID: 22125309 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.061028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 also known as NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the Sirt1 gene. Sirt1 is an enzyme that deacetylates proteins that contribute to cellular regulation and is a key regulator of cell defenses and survival in response to stress. Deletion of Sirt1 abolishes the increase in lifespan induced by calorie restriction or sublethal cytokine stress, indicating that Sirt1 promotes longevity and survival. We have demonstrated that administration of a sublethal dose of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; 1.25 ng ml(-1)) inhibits myotube formation, and co-incubation with insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I; 1.5 ng ml(-1)) facilitates C2 myoblast death rather than rescuing differentiation. A higher dose of TNF-α (10 ng ml(-1)) resulted in significant apoptosis, which was rescued by IGF-I (1.5 ng ml(-1); 50% rescue; P < 0.05). We aimed to investigate the role of Sirt1 in the conflicting roles of IGF-I. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that Sirt1 expression was elevated in myoblasts following incubation of 10 ng ml(-1) TNF-α or 1.25 ng ml(-1) TNF-α plus IGF-I (fivefold and 7.2-fold increases versus control, respectively; P < 0.05). A dose of 10 ng ml(-1) TNF-α induced ∼21 ± 0.7% apoptosis, which was reduced (∼50%; P < 0.05) when administered with IGF-I. Likewise, Sirt1 expression was elevated following 10 ng ml(-1) TNF-α administration, but was reduced (∼30%; P < 0.05) in the presence of IGF-I. C2C12 myoblasts, a subclone of the C2 cell line produced for their differentiation potential and used to examine intrinsic ageing, unlike C2 cells, do not die in the presence of TNF-α and do not upregulate Sirt1. As conditions that induced the greatest myoblast stress/damage resulted in elevated Sirt1 expression, we investigated the effects of Sirt1 gene silencing. Treatment with 10 ng ml(-1) TNF-α or co-incubation with 1.25 ng ml(-1) TNF-α and 1.5 ng ml(-1) IGF-I resulted in apoptosis (20.33 ± 2.08 and 19 ± 2.65%, respectively), which was increased when myoblasts were pretreated with Sirt1 small interfering RNA (31 ± 2.65 and 27.33 ± 2.52%, respectively; P < 0.05) and was reduced (14.33 ± 3.05%, P < 0.05 and 12.78 ± 4.52%, P = 0.054) by resveratrol, which also significantly rescued the block on differentiation. In conclusion, Sirt1 expression increases in conditons of stress, potentially serving to reduce or dampen myoblast death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjit Saini
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Oxford Road, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
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27
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Liu M, Zhang S. Amphioxus IGF-like peptide induces mouse muscle cell development via binding to IGF receptors and activating MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 343:45-54. [PMID: 21689728 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are identified in all vertebrates. An insulin/IGF hybrid polypeptide has also been identified in protochordate amphioxus. However, whether this hybrid polypeptide functions as vertebrate IGFs remains unknown. Here we established a primary culture system of mouse muscle satellite cells as an in vitro model to investigate the effects of amphioxus IGF-like molecule on muscle cell development. Like human IGF, recombinant IGF-like molecule was able to stimulate the proliferation of mouse muscle cells. Besides, it was able to bind to the cells and the partially purified IGF receptors from mouse muscle cells. Moreover, recombinant IGF-like molecule was capable of activating MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways by stimulating phosphorylation of MAPK and Akt. This interaction of amphioxus IGF-like molecule with mammalian (mouse) IGF receptors and its induction of similar downstream signaling pathways add substantially to the hypothesis of the presence of IGF signaling in the common ancestor of protochordate/vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Liu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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28
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Liao SF, Brown KR, Stromberg AJ, Burris WR, Boling JA, Matthews JC. Dietary supplementation of selenium in inorganic and organic forms differentially and commonly alters blood and liver selenium concentrations and liver gene expression profiles of growing beef heifers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 140:151-69. [PMID: 20387001 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In geographic regions where selenium (Se) soil concentrations are naturally low, the addition of Se to animal feed is necessary. Even though it is known that Se in grass and forage crops is primarily present in organic forms (especially as L-selenomethionine, L-selenocystine, and L-selenocystathionine), the feeding of Se in the naturally occurring organic selenium (OSe) compounds produces higher blood and tissue Se levels than the inorganic Se (ISe) salts, and that animal metabolism of OSe and ISe is fundamentally different. Se is commonly added in inorganic form as sodium selenite to cattle feeds because it is a less expensive source of supplemental Se then are OSe forms. A trial was conducted with growing cattle to determine if the addition of OSe versus ISe forms of Se in beef cattle feed produces differences in hepatic gene expression, thereby gaining insight into the metabolic consequence of feeding OSe versus ISe. Thirty maturing Angus heifers (261 ± 6 days) were fed a corn silage-based diet with no Se supplementation for 75 days. Heifers (body weight = 393 ± 9 kg) then were randomly assigned (n = 10) and fed Se supplements that contained none (control) or 3 mg Se/day in ISe (sodium selenite) or OSe (Sel-Plex®) form and enough of a common cracked corn/cottonseed hull-based diet (0.48 mg Se/day) to support 0.5 kg/day growth for 105 or 106 days. More Se was found in jugular whole blood and red blood cells and biopsied liver tissue of ISe and OSe treatment animals than control animals, and OSe animals contained more Se in these tissues than did ISe. Microarray and bioinformatic analyses of liver tissue gene expression revealed that the content of at least 80 mRNA were affected by ISe or OSe treatments, including mRNA associated with nutrient metabolism; cellular growth, proliferation, and immune response; cell communication or signaling; and tissue/organ development and function. Overall, three Se supplement-dependent gene groups were identified: ISe-dependent, OSe-dependent, and Se form-independent. More specifically, both forms of supplementation appeared to upregulate mitochondrial gene expression capacity, whereas gene expression of a protein involved in antiviral capacity was downregulated in ISe-supplemented animals, and OSe-supplemented animals had reduced levels of mRNA encoding proteins known to be upregulated during oxidative stress and cancerous states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfa F Liao
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40546, USA
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29
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight recent breakthroughs and controversies in the use of myoblast models to uncover cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy. RECENT FINDINGS Myoblast cultures provide key mechanistic models of the signalling and molecular pathways potentially employed by skeletal muscle in-vivo to regulate hypertrophy and atrophy. Recently the controversy as to whether insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I is important in hypertrophy following mechanical stimuli vs. alternative pathways has been hotly debated and is discussed. The role of myostatin in myoblast models of atrophy and interactions between protein synthetic pathways including Akt/mTOR and the 'atrogenes' are explored. SUMMARY Targeted in-vivo experimentation directed by skeletal muscle cell culture and bioengineering (three-dimensional skeletal muscle cell culture models) will provide key biomimetic and mechanistic data regarding hypertrophy and atrophy and thus enable the development of important strategies for tackling muscle wasting associated with ageing and disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Sharples
- Muscle Cellular and Molecular Physiology Research Group (MCMP), Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research Bedford, UK.
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30
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Marion V, Sankaranarayanan S, de Theije C, van Dijk P, Lindsey P, Lamers MC, Harding HP, Ron D, Lamers WH, Köhler SE. Arginine deficiency causes runting in the suckling period by selectively activating the stress kinase GCN2. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:8866-74. [PMID: 21239484 PMCID: PMC3058991 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.216119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Suckling "F/A2" mice, which overexpress arginase-I in their enterocytes, develop a syndrome (hypoargininemia, reduced hair and muscle growth, impaired B-cell maturation) that resembles IGF1 deficiency. The syndrome may result from an impaired function of the GH-IGF1 axis, activation of the stress-kinase GCN2, and/or blocking of the mTORC1-signaling pathway. Arginine deficiency inhibited GH secretion and decreased liver Igf1 mRNA and plasma IGF1 concentration, but did not change muscle IGF1 concentration. GH supplementation induced Igf1 mRNA synthesis, but did not restore growth, ruling out direct involvement of the GH-IGF1 axis. In C2C12 muscle cells, arginine withdrawal activated GCN2 signaling, without impacting mTORC1 signaling. In F/A2 mice, the reduction of plasma and tissue arginine concentrations to ∼25% of wild-type values activated GCN2 signaling, but mTORC1-mediated signaling remained unaffected. Gcn2-deficient F/A2 mice suffered from hypoglycemia and died shortly after birth. Because common targets of all stress kinases (eIF2α phosphorylation, Chop mRNA expression) were not increased in these mice, the effects of arginine deficiency were solely mediated by GCN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Marion
- From the Dept of Anatomy & Embryology and NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism, and
| | | | - Chiel de Theije
- From the Dept of Anatomy & Embryology and NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism, and
| | - Paul van Dijk
- From the Dept of Anatomy & Embryology and NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism, and
| | - Patrick Lindsey
- the Department of Population Genetics, Genomics & Bioinformatics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus C. Lamers
- the Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology, P.O. Box 1169, D-79011 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heather P. Harding
- the Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom, and
| | - David Ron
- the Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom, and
| | - Wouter H. Lamers
- From the Dept of Anatomy & Embryology and NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism, and
- the AMC Liver Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Eleonore Köhler
- From the Dept of Anatomy & Embryology and NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism, and
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31
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Serra C, Bhasin S, Tangherlini F, Barton ER, Ganno M, Zhang A, Shansky J, Vandenburgh HH, Travison TG, Jasuja R, Morris C. The role of GH and IGF-I in mediating anabolic effects of testosterone on androgen-responsive muscle. Endocrinology 2011; 152:193-206. [PMID: 21084444 PMCID: PMC3033058 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone (T) supplementation increases skeletal muscle mass, circulating GH, IGF-I, and im IGF-I expression, but the role of GH and IGF-I in mediating T's effects on the skeletal muscle remains poorly understood. Here, we show that T administration increased body weight and the mass of the androgen-dependent levator ani muscle in hypophysectomized as well as castrated plus hypophysectomized adult male rats. T stimulated the proliferation of primary human skeletal muscle cells (hSKMCs) in vitro, an effect blocked by transfecting hSKMCs with small interference RNA targeting human IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR). In differentiation conditions, T promoted the fusion of hSKMCs into larger myotubes, an effect attenuated by small interference RNA targeting human IGF-IR. Notably, MKR mice, which express a dominant negative form of the IGF-IR in skeletal muscle fibers, treated with a GnRH antagonist (acyline) to suppress endogenous T, responded to T administration by an attenuated increase in the levator ani muscle mass. In conclusion, circulating GH and IGF-I are not essential for mediating T's effects on an androgen-responsive skeletal muscle. IGF-I signaling plays an important role in mediating T's effects on skeletal muscle progenitor cell growth and differentiation in vitro. However, IGF-IR signaling in skeletal muscle fibers does not appear to be obligatory for mediating the anabolic effects of T on the mass of androgen-responsive skeletal muscles in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Serra
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center, 670 Albany Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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Abou-Khalil R, Le Grand F, Pallafacchina G, Valable S, Authier FJ, Rudnicki MA, Gherardi RK, Germain S, Chretien F, Sotiropoulos A, Lafuste P, Montarras D, Chazaud B. Autocrine and paracrine angiopoietin 1/Tie-2 signaling promotes muscle satellite cell self-renewal. Cell Stem Cell 2009; 5:298-309. [PMID: 19733541 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms governing muscle satellite cell withdrawal from cell cycle to enter into quiescence remain poorly understood. We studied the role of angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) and its receptor Tie-2 in the regulation of myogenic precursor cell (mpc) fate. In human and mouse, Tie-2 was preferentially expressed by quiescent satellite cells in vivo and reserve cells (RCs) in vitro. Ang1/Tie-2 signaling, through ERK1/2 pathway, decreased mpc proliferation and differentiation, increased the number of cells in G0, increased expression of RC-associated markers (p130, Pax7, Myf-5, M-cadherin), and downregulated expression of differentiation-associated markers. Silencing Tie-2 had opposite effects. Cells located in the satellite cell neighborhood (smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts) upregulated RC-associated markers by secreting Ang1 in vitro. In vivo, Tie-2 blockade and Ang1 overexpression increased the number of cycling and quiescent satellite cells, respectively. We propose that Ang1/Tie-2 signaling regulates mpc self-renewal by controlling the return to quiescence of a subset of satellite cells.
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Onder G, Della Vedova C, Landi F. Validated treatments and therapeutics prospectives regarding pharmacological products for sarcopenia. J Nutr Health Aging 2009; 13:746-56. [PMID: 19657562 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-009-0209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Loss of physical function in older adults may be, at least in part, explained by sarcopenia, a phenomenon characterized by a reduction in number and size of muscle fibres and by increase in interstitial fat and connective tissue. Lifestyle intervention (i.e. physical activity and nutrition) have shown to impact on sarcopenia. However, several drugs were suggested, with various levels of scientific evidence, to have an impact on muscle outcomes. In this study we reviewed the effect of six classes of drugs on sarcopenia and muscular outcomes in older adults. We decided to focus our review on two commonly drugs which have recently showed promising effects on muscular outcomes in older adults (ACE inhibitors and statins) and on four drugs whose effect on skeletal muscle was already largely studied (creatine, Growth Hormone, testosterone, estrogens and tibolone).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Onder
- Department of Geriatrics, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Degens H. The role of systemic inflammation in age-related muscle weakness and wasting. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2009; 20:28-38. [PMID: 19804579 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with a slow, but progressive muscle weakness, which is largely attributable to muscle wasting. A diminished function of satellite cells at old age may hamper preservation and repair from (contraction)-induced injury and contribute to the age-related muscle wasting. Satellite cell function may be affected by circulating factors, as muscle regeneration in old mice sharing the circulation of young mice is not impaired. Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation in old organisms may be that environmental factor. Indeed, the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) negatively affects the muscle regenerating capacity. TNFalpha destabilizes MyoD, a muscle-specific transcription factor involved in satellite cell proliferation and differentiation, and induces apoptosis of satellite cells, particularly at old age. Here it is proposed that some of these effects are mediated by TNFalpha-induced expression of inhibitors of differentiation proteins. Yet, the increase in TNFalpha during the normal inflammatory response helps, rather than impairs, the repair process. This apparent contradiction may be resolved by the fact that the effects of TNFalpha are concentration and time dependent. Thus, the negative effect of systemic inflammation on muscle strength at old age may only become apparent when it exceeds a certain threshold and persists for a prolonged period.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Degens
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
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Treatment with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma alters the activation of SER/THR protein kinases and the metabolic response to IGF-I in mouse c2c12 myogenic cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2009; 15:13-31. [PMID: 19685010 PMCID: PMC6275934 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-009-0033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to compare the effects of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IFN-gamma on the activation of protein kinase B (PKB), p70(S6k), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p90( rsk ), and on IGF-I-stimulated glucose uptake and protein synthesis in mouse C2C12 myotubes. 100 nmol/l IGF-I stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes by 198.1% and 10 ng/ml TNF-alpha abolished this effect. Glucose uptake in cells differentiated in the presence of 10 ng/ml IFN-gamma increased by 167.2% but did not undergo significant further modification upon the addition of IGF-I. IGF-I increased the rate of protein synthesis by 249.8%. Neither TNF-alpha nor IFN-gamma influenced basal protein synthesis, but both cytokines prevented the IGF-I effect. 10 ng/ml IL-1beta did not modify either the basal or IGF-I-dependent glucose uptake and protein synthesis. With the exception of TNF-alpha causing an 18% decrease in the level of PKB protein, the cellular levels of PKB, p70(S6k), p42(MAPK), p44(MAPK) and p90( rsk ) were not affected by the cytokines. IGF-I caused the phosphorylation of PKB (an approximate 8-fold increase above the basal value after 40 min of IGF-I treatment), p42(MAPK) (a 2.81-fold increase after 50 min), and the activation of p70(S6k) and p90( rsk ), manifesting as gel mobility retardation. In cells differentiated in the presence of TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma, this IGF-I-mediated PKB and p70(S6k) phosphorylation was significantly diminished, and the increase in p42(MAPK) and p90( rsk ) phosphorylation was prevented. The basal p42(MAPK) phosphorylation in C2C12 cells treated with IFN-gamma was high and comparable with the activation of this kinase by IGF-I. Pretreatment of myogenic cells with IL-1beta did not modify the IGF-I-stimulated phosphorylation of PKB, p70(S6k), p42(MAPK) and p90( rsk ). IN CONCLUSION i) TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, but not IL-1beta, if present in the extracellular environment during C2C12 myoblast differentiation, prevent the stimulatory action of IGF-I on protein synthesis. ii) TNF-alpha- and IFN-gamma-induced IGF-I resistance of protein synthesis could be associated with the decreased phosphorylation of PKB and p70(S6k). iii) The activation of glucose uptake in C2C12 myogenic cells treated with IFN-gamma is PKB independent. iv) The similar effects of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma on the signalling and action of IGF-I on protein synthesis in myogenic cells could suggest the involvement of both of these cytokines in protein loss in skeletal muscle.
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Saini A, Al-Shanti N, Faulkner SH, Stewart CE. Pro- and anti-apoptotic roles for IGF-I in TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis: a MAP kinase mediated mechanism. Growth Factors 2008; 26:239-53. [PMID: 18651291 DOI: 10.1080/08977190802291634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The concept of skeletal muscle homeostasis--often viewed as the net balance between two separate processes, namely protein degradation and protein synthesis--are not occurring independently of each other, but are finely co-ordinated by a web of intricate signalling networks. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using rodent muscle cell lines we have investigated TNF-alpha/IGF-I interactions, in an attempt to mimic and understand mechanisms underlying the wasting process. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION When myoblast cells are incubated with TNF-alpha (10 ng ml(- 1)) maximal damage ( approximately 21% +/- 0.7 myoblast death, p < 0.05) was induced. Co-incubation of TNF-alpha (10 ng ml(- 1)) with IGF-I resulted in cell survival ( approximately 50% reduction in myoblast death, p < 0.05), however, myotube formation was not evident. In contrast, a novel role of IGF-I has been identified whereby co-incubation of muscle cells with IGF-I (1.5 ng ml(- 1)) and a non-apoptotic dose of TNF-alpha (1.25 ng ml(- 1); sufficient to block differentiation) unexpectedly were shown not to rescue a block on differentiation but to facilitate significant myoblast death (p < 0.05). Interestingly, pre-administration of PD98059, a MAPK signal-blocking agent followed by co-incubation of 1.25 ng ml(- 1) TNF-alpha and 1.5 ng ml(- 1) IGF-I, reduced death to baseline levels (p < 0.05). We show for the first time that IGF-I can be apoptotic in the absence of TNF-alpha-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjit Saini
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Cheshire, UK.
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Jørgensen LH, Petersson SJ, Sellathurai J, Andersen DC, Thayssen S, Sant DJ, Jensen CH, Schrøder HD. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in human skeletal muscle. J Histochem Cytochem 2008; 57:29-39. [PMID: 18796407 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2008.951954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC)/osteonectin is expressed in different tissues during remodeling and repair, suggesting a function in regeneration. Several gene expression studies indicated that SPARC was expressed in response to muscle damage. Studies on myoblasts further indicated a function of SPARC in skeletal muscle. We therefore found it of interest to study SPARC expression in human skeletal muscle during development and in biopsies from Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy and congenital muscular dystrophy, congenital myopathy, inclusion body myositis, and polymyositis patients to analyze SPARC expression in a selected range of inherited and idiopathic muscle wasting diseases. SPARC-positive cells were observed both in fetal and neonatal muscle, and in addition, fetal myofibers were observed to express SPARC at the age of 15-16 weeks. SPARC protein was detected in the majority of analyzed muscle biopsies (23 of 24), mainly in mononuclear cells of which few were pax7 positive. Myotubes and regenerating myofibers also expressed SPARC. The expression-degree seemed to reflect the severity of the lesion. In accordance with these in vivo findings, primary human-derived satellite cells were found to express SPARC both during proliferation and differentiation in vitro. In conclusion, this study shows SPARC expression both during muscle development and in regenerating muscle. The expression is detected both in satellite cells/myoblasts and in myotubes and muscle fibers, indicating a role for SPARC in the skeletal muscle compartment.
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Giovannini S, Marzetti E, Borst SE, Leeuwenburgh C. Modulation of GH/IGF-1 axis: potential strategies to counteract sarcopenia in older adults. Mech Ageing Dev 2008; 129:593-601. [PMID: 18762207 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with progressive decline of skeletal muscle mass and function. This condition, termed sarcopenia, is associated with several adverse outcomes, including loss of autonomy and mortality. Due to the high prevalence of sarcopenia, a deeper understanding of its pathophysiology and possible remedies represents a high public health priority. Evidence suggests the existence of a relationship between declining growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels and age-related changes in body composition and physical function. Therefore, the age-dependent decline of GH and IGF-1 serum levels may promote frailty by contributing to the loss of muscle mass and strength. Preclinical studies showed that infusion of angiotensin II produced a marked reduction in body weight, accompanied by decreased serum and muscle levels of IGF-1. Conversely, overexpression of muscle-specific isoform of IGF-1 mitigates angiotensin II-induced muscle loss. Moreover, IGF-1 serum levels have been shown to increase following angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) treatment. Here we will review the most recent evidence regarding age-related changes of the GH/IGF-1 axis and its modulation by several interventions, including ACEIs which might represent a potential novel strategy to delay the onset and impede the progression of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giovannini
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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Roher N, Samokhvalov V, Díaz M, MacKenzie S, Klip A, Planas JV. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases the amount of glucose transporter-4 at the surface of muscle cells independently of changes in interleukin-6. Endocrinology 2008; 149:1880-9. [PMID: 18162526 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
TNFalpha is a proinflammatory cytokine secreted by macrophages in response to bacterial infection. Recently new evidence has emerged suggesting that stressed or injured myocytes produce TNFalpha that then acts as an autocrine and/or paracrine mediator. TNFalpha receptors types 1 and 2 are present in skeletal muscle cells, and muscle cells can secrete, in addition to TNFalpha, other cytokines such as IL-1beta or IL-6. Furthermore, the plasma concentration of TNFalpha is elevated in insulin-resistant states associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Here we show that TNFalpha increased the amount of glucose transporter (GLUT)-4 at the plasma membrane and also glucose uptake in the L6 muscle cell line stably expressing GLUT4 tagged with the c-myc epitope. Regardless of the state of differentiation of the L6 cells, TNFalpha did not affect the rate of proliferation or of apoptosis. The stimulatory effects of TNFalpha on cell surface GLUT4 and glucose uptake were blocked by nuclear factor-kappaB and p38MAPK pathway specific inhibitors (Bay 11-7082 and SB220025), and these two pathways were stimulated by TNFalpha. Furthermore, although TNFalpha increased IL-6 mRNA and protein expression, IL-6 did not mediate the effects of TNFalpha on cell surface GLUT4 levels, which also did not require de novo protein synthesis. The results indicate that TNFalpha can stimulate glucose uptake in L6 muscle cells by inducing GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane, possibly through activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB and p38MAPK signaling pathways and independently of the production of IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Roher
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Al-Shanti N, Saini A, Faulkner SH, Stewart CE. Beneficial synergistic interactions of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in C2 skeletal myoblasts--potential cross-talk with IGF system. Growth Factors 2008; 26:61-73. [PMID: 18428025 DOI: 10.1080/08977190802025024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interlukin-6 (IL-6) on skeletal muscle proliferation and differentiation remains controversial. We therefore investigated the potential interactive effects of TNF-alpha and IL-6 on murine C2 skeletal myoblast survival, differentiation and proliferation. A novel and unexpected positive temporal interaction between TNF-alpha and IL-6 on cell growth was identified (90%), with maximal beneficial effects obtained in myoblasts treated with TNF-alpha (10 ng/ml) for 24 h prior to being dosed with IL-6 (2.5 ng/ml) for a further 24 h. This combined treatment significantly (p < 0.05) increased the level of total cellular protein (330%), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation (55%), and S-phase of cell cycle (2.5-fold), confirming cell growth. The expression of mRNAs of key regulators of muscle mass: insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5, insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II), IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and IGF-II receptor (IGF-IIR) were also significantly (p < 0.05) increased by 1600-, 1.6-, 27- and 6-fold, respectively, giving an indication of the regulatory mechanisms of this interaction. Moreover, in response to this treatment, the expression level of signal-transducing glycoprotein 130 (gp130) was induced up to 3.5-fold but not after either treatments alone. This may not only explain the beneficial effects of this treatment on skeletal myoblast numbers but also define a functional role of gp130 in skeletal muscle cells. Our data suggest that in the presence of TNF-alpha/IL-6 functions positively and potentially also cooperatively with the IGF system to achieve the maximal beneficial effect on skeletal myoblast numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Al-Shanti
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Cheshire, England, UK.
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O'Connor JC, McCusker RH, Strle K, Johnson RW, Dantzer R, Kelley KW. Regulation of IGF-I function by proinflammatory cytokines: at the interface of immunology and endocrinology. Cell Immunol 2008; 252:91-110. [PMID: 18325486 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 09/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, the immune and endocrine systems have been discovered to interact in controlling physiologic processes as diverse as cell growth and differentiation, metabolism, and even human and animal behavior. The interaction between these two major physiological systems is a bi-directional process. While it has been well documented that hormones, including prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), regulate a variety of immune events, a great deal of data have accumulated supporting the notion that cytokines from the innate immune system also affect the neuroendocrine system. Communication between these two systems coordinates processes that are necessary to maintain homeostasis. Proinflammatory cytokines often act as negative regulatory signals that temper the action of hormones and growth factors. This system of 'checks and balances' is an active, ongoing process, even in healthy individuals. Dysregulation of this process has been implicated as a potential pathogenic factor in the development of co-morbid conditions associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, major depression, and even normal aging. Over the past decade, research in our laboratory has focused on the ability of the major proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta, to induce a state of IGF resistance. This review will highlight these and other new findings by explaining how proinflammatory cytokines induce resistance to the major growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). We also highlight that IGF-I can induce resistance or reduce sensitivity to brain TNFalpha and discuss how TNFalpha, IL-1beta, and IGF-I interact to regulate several aspects of behavior and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C O'Connor
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Murray IA, Perdew GH. Omeprazole stimulates the induction of human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 through aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 324:1102-10. [PMID: 18055878 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.132241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Methoxy-2-{(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-pyridin-2-yl)methylsulfinyl}-3H-benzoimidazole (omeprazole), a benzoimidazole-derived gastric H(+)/K(+)-ATPase proton pump inhibitor (PPI) extensively prescribed for the treatment of gastroesophageal acid reflux disease, can stimulate the expression of CYP1A1 via activation of the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (hAhR) in an apparent nonligand-binding manner. Here, we have examined the effect of nonclassical, i.e., nonligand binding, AhR activation by omeprazole upon human insulin-like growth factor binding protein (hIGFBP)-1, a secreted phosphoprotein involved in regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I/II bioavailability and mitogenic activity. Analysis of the proximal promoter of the hIGFBP-1 gene reveals the presence of an aryl hydrocarbon binding/dioxin response element (DRE). Quantitative mRNA analysis revealed hIGFBP-1 expression to be responsive to both ligand (TCDD) and nonligand (omeprazole) modes of hAhR activation in the human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cell line. Furthermore, mutagenesis of the DRE renders the hIGFBP-1 promoter unresponsive to both compounds in HepG2 cells. Likewise, small interfering RNA-mediated hAhR ablation inhibits TCDD and omeprazole-dependent hIGFBP-1 induction, as determined by quantitative mRNA analysis. Cotreatment with cycloheximide further suggests a direct transcriptional role for hAhR at the hIGFBP-1 promoter. Omeprazole exposure prompted a significant increase in both hIGFBP-1 mRNA and secreted protein from HepG2 cells. In addition, we present in vitro evidence indicating that omeprazole at a concentration comparable with that found circulating in subjects undergoing PPI therapy can stimulate the expression of hIGFBP-1. These data demonstrate that activation of hAhR by pharmaceuticals such as omeprazole can alter IGFBP-1 expression and thus may influence IGFBP-1-dependent physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain A Murray
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, 309A Life Sciences Bldg., The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Sabin MA, Stewart CEH, Crowne EC, Turner SJ, Hunt LP, Welsh GI, Grohmann MJ, Holly JMP, Shield JPH. Fatty acid-induced defects in insulin signalling, in myotubes derived from children, are related to ceramide production from palmitate rather than the accumulation of intramyocellular lipid. J Cell Physiol 2007; 211:244-52. [PMID: 17219404 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The elevation of free fatty acids (FFAs), observed in childhood obesity results in intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) accumulation with consequent insulin resistance. Using in vitro differentiated myotubes from normal weight pre-pubertal children (n = 8), we examined the effects of saturated (palmitate) and unsaturated (oleate) FFAs on insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation (pAKT) and IMCL accumulation. Palmitate decreased pAKT (Mean [SEM] % change pAKT with palmitate 750 microM vs. control; pThr308 site -50.5% [28.7] and pSer473 site -38.7% [11.7]; P < 0.001) with no effect on IMCL formation. Equimolar bromopalmitate did not effect pAKT and blocking ceramide production abolished the palmitate-induced reduction in signalling, suggesting that ceramide synthesis is critical for palmitate's actions. Oleate did not effect pAKT (1,000 microM oleate; pSer473 site -3.4% [11.4]; P = NS) but increased IMCL accumulation (+32.3% [7.1%]; P < 0.001). Co-administration of oleate diminished the reduction in pAKT seen with palmitate (+36.4% [23.6] vs. -13.3% [13.6]; P = 0.28), with similar IMCL levels to oleate alone. Co-administration also caused a significant reduction in 14C-ceramide synthesis from 14C-palmitate (101.6 [21.6] vs. 371.5 [122.4] DPM/mg protein; P < 0.001). In summary, palmitate appears to cause insulin resistance in children's myotubes via its metabolism to ceramide, and this process appears unrelated to IMCL formation and is ameliorated by oleate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Sabin
- Institute of Child Life and Health and Clinical Science at North Bristol, The University of Bristol and Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Chae H, Hong SH, Hong SH, Kim SH, Kim CH, Kang BM, Lee JY. Influence of tumor necrosis factor-α on estradiol, progesterone, insulin-like growth factor-II, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, 2, and 3 in cultured human luteinized granulosa cells. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2007; 131:176-81. [PMID: 16891052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2005] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate the influence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha on estradiol, progesterone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1, 2, and 3 in cultured human luteinized granulosa cells. STUDY DESIGN Human luteinized granulosa cells were obtained from follicular fluid by transvaginal oocyte aspiration from infertile patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for in vitro fertilization (IVF). The cells were cultured for 72 h with TNF-alpha at concentrations of 1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 ng/ml. The cells not treated with TNF-alpha served as controls. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to examine the influence of TNF-alpha on estradiol, progesterone, IGF-II, and IGFBP-1, 2, and 3. Results were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS The concentrations of progesterone seemed to decrease as the concentrations of TNF-alpha increased and the concentration of progesterone in the 100.0 ng/ml TNF-alpha group was significantly lower than that in the control and other TNF-alpha groups. The expressions of IGF-II mRNA in the 10.0 and 100.0 ng/ml TNF-alpha groups were significantly lower than that in the control group. The expressions of IGFBP-2 mRNA seemed to be decreased in the 10.0 and 100.0 ng/ml TNF-alpha groups compared with that in the control group, but there were no statistical significances. CONCLUSION TNF-alpha may play a role as a regulator of human ovarian physiology by modulating the IGF systems in luteinized granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heedong Chae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138, Republic of Korea.
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Baffour R, Pakala R, Hellinga D, Joner M, Okubagzi P, Epstein SE, Waksman R. Bone marrow-derived stem cell interactions with adult cardiomyocytes and skeletal myoblasts in vitro. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2007; 7:222-30. [PMID: 17174868 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2006.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Secreted growth factors and cell-to-cell contact are both required to elicit cellular functions. We tested the hypothesis that bone-marrow-derived growth factors, together with cell-to-cell contact between bone-marrow-derived stem cells and cardiomyocytes or myoblasts, promote the proliferation of cardiomyocytes and myoblasts. METHODS Human cardiomyocytes or skeletal myoblasts were cultured for 4 days in the presence of low and high concentrations of bone-marrow-derived mononuclear cell conditioned medium (MNC-CM) or marrow stromal cell conditioned medium (MSC-CM). The concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and insulin-like growth factor-1 in their respective conditioned media were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Stem cells were mixed with cardiomyocytes or skeletal myoblasts at a 1:1 ratio and cultured for 7 days to assess the proliferation of these cells. In parallel experiments, equal numbers of various cell types were cultured alone. RESULTS The concentrations of VEGF, MCP-1, and HGF increased in MNC-CM and MSC-CM. MNC-CM showed no effect on cardiomyocyte proliferation. A low concentration of MSC-CM increased cardiomyocyte proliferation by 60% (P<.05). Low concentrations of MNC-CM or MSC-CM showed a trend toward an increased proliferation of myoblasts. A high concentration of either conditioned medium showed a toxic effect. In contact coculture, the proliferation of cardiomyocytes and MNC showed no synergistic effect; instead, there was some evidence of inhibition. The proliferation of cardiomyocytes and stromal cells showed an additive effect. Myoblasts in contact coculture with MNC or MSC showed no synergistic effect. CONCLUSION These in vitro results suggest that paracrine effects may be the mechanism by which stromal cells become beneficial in cardiac therapy. MNC do not induce the proliferation of cardiomyocytes. Stem-cell-secreted growth factors induce the proliferation of myoblasts, which is not influenced by cell-to-cell contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Baffour
- Division of Cardiology, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Jacquemin V, Butler-Browne GS, Furling D, Mouly V. IL-13 mediates the recruitment of reserve cells for fusion during IGF-1-induced hypertrophy of human myotubes. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:670-81. [PMID: 17264150 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been shown to induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy, to prevent the loss of muscle mass with ageing and to improve the muscle phenotype of dystrophic mice. We previously developed a model of IGF-1-induced hypertrophy of human myotubes, in which hypertrophy was not only characterized by an increase in myotube size and myosin content but also by an increased recruitment of reserve cells for fusion. Here, we describe a new mechanism of IGF-1-induced hypertrophy by demonstrating that IGF-1 signals exclusively to myotubes but not to reserve cells, leading, under the control of the transcription factor NFATc2, to the secretion of IL-13 that will secondly recruit reserve cells for differentiation and fusion. In addition, we show that IGF-1 also signals to myotubes to stimulate protein metabolism via Akt by (1) activating the mTOR-p70S6K-S6 pathway and inhibiting GSK-3β, both involved in the control of protein translation, and (2) inhibiting the Foxo1–atrogin-1 protein degradation pathway.
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Formigli L, Meacci E, Sassoli C, Squecco R, Nosi D, Chellini F, Naro F, Francini F, Zecchi-Orlandini S. Cytoskeleton/stretch-activated ion channel interaction regulates myogenic differentiation of skeletal myoblasts. J Cell Physiol 2007; 211:296-306. [PMID: 17295211 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the functional interaction between stress fibers (SFs) and stretch-activated channels (SACs) and its possible role in the regulation of myoblast differentiation induced by switch to differentiation culture in the presence or absence of sphingosine 1-phosphate. It was found that there was a clear temporal correlation between SF formation and SAC activation in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts. Inhibition of actin polymerization with the specific Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632, significantly decreased SAC sensitivity in these cells, suggesting a role for Rho-dependent actin remodeling in the regulation of the channel opening. The alteration of cytoskeletal/SAC functional correlation had also deleterious effects on myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells as judged by combined confocal immunofluorescence, biochemical and electrophysiological analyses. Indeed, the treatment with Y-27632 or with DHCB, an actin disrupting agent, inhibited the expression of the myogenic markers (myogenin and sarcomeric proteins) and myoblast-myotube transition. The treatment with the channel blocker, GdCl(3), also affected myogenesis in these cells. It impaired, in fact, myoblast phenotypic maturation (i.e., reduced the expression of alpha-sarcomeric actin and skeletal myosin and the activity of creatine kinase) but did not modify promoter activity and protein expression levels of myogenin. The results of this study, together with being in agreement with the general idea that cytoskeletal remodeling is essential for muscle differentiation, describe a novel pathway whereby the formation of SFs and their contraction, generate a mechanical tension to the plasma membrane, activate SACs and trigger Ca(2+)-dependent signals, thus influencing the phenotypic maturation of myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Formigli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Corbould A, Zhao H, Mirzoeva S, Aird F, Dunaif A. Enhanced mitogenic signaling in skeletal muscle of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes 2006; 55:751-9. [PMID: 16505239 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.55.03.06.db05-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) results from a postbinding defect in signaling. Insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 serine hyperphosphorylation by an unidentified kinase(s) contributes to this defect. We investigated whether insulin resistance is selective, affecting metabolic but not mitogenic pathways, in skeletal muscle as it is in cultured skin fibroblasts in PCOS. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activation was increased in skeletal muscle tissue and in cultured myotubes basally and in response to insulin in women with PCOS compared with control women. Mitogen-activated/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK)1/2 was also activated in PCOS, whereas p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and signaling from the insulin receptor to Grb2 was similar in both groups. The activity of p21Ras was decreased and Raf-1 abundance increased in PCOS, suggesting that altered mitogenic signaling began at this level. MEK1/2 inhibition reduced IRS-1 Ser312 phosphorylation and increased IRS-1 association with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in both groups. We conclude that in PCOS skeletal muscle, 1) mitogenic signaling is enhanced in vivo and in culture, 2) ERK1/2 activation inhibits association of IRS-1 with p85 via IRS-1 Ser312 phosphorylation, and 3) ERK1/2 activation may play a role in normal feedback of insulin signaling and contribute to resistance to insulin's metabolic actions in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Corbould
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Coletti D, Moresi V, Adamo S, Molinaro M, Sassoon D. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene transfer induces cachexia and inhibits muscle regeneration. Genesis 2006; 43:120-8. [PMID: 16158413 DOI: 10.1002/gene.20160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chronic disease states are associated with elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines that have been demonstrated to lead to severe muscle wasting. A mechanistic understanding of muscle wasting is hampered by limited in vivo cytokine models which can be applied to emerging mouse mutants as they are generated. We developed a simple and novel approach to induce adult mouse skeletal muscle wasting based on direct gene transfer of an expression vector encoding the secreted form of the murine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (mTNFalpha). This procedure results in the production of elevated levels of circulating mTNFalpha followed by body weight loss, upregulation of Atrogin1, and muscle atrophy, including muscles distant from the site of gene transfer. We also found that mTNFalpha gene transfer resulted in a significant inhibition of regeneration following muscle injury. We conclude that in addition to being a potent inducer of cachexia, TNFalpha is a potent inhibitor of myogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Coletti
- Brookdale Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Mount Sinai Medical School, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Grohmann M, Foulstone E, Welsh G, Holly J, Shield J, Crowne E, Stewart C. Isolation and validation of human prepubertal skeletal muscle cells: maturation and metabolic effects of IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and TNFalpha. J Physiol 2005; 568:229-42. [PMID: 16081485 PMCID: PMC1474756 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2005.093906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a primary skeletal muscle cell culture model derived from normal prepubertal children to investigate the effects of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) on growth, differentiation and metabolism. Cells of myoblast lineage were characterized morphologically by desmin staining and differentiated successfully into multinucleated myotubes. Differentiation was confirmed biochemically by an increase in creatine kinase (CK) activity and IGFBP-3 secretion over time. IGF-I promoted whilst TNFalpha inhibited myoblast proliferation, differentiation and IGFBP-3 secretion. IGF-I partially rescued the cells from the inhibiting effects of TNFalpha. Compared to adult myoblast cultures, children's skeletal muscle cells demonstrated higher basal and day 7 CK activities, increased levels of IGFBP-3 secretion, diminished IGF-I/TNFalpha action and absence of the inhibitory effect of exogenous IGFBP-3 on differentiation. Additional studies demonstrated that TNFalpha increased basal glucose transport via GLUT1, nitric oxide synthase and p38MAPK-dependent mechanisms. These studies provide baseline data to study the interactivity effects of growth factors and cytokines on differentiation and metabolism in muscle in relation to important metabolic disorders such as obesity, type II diabetes or chronic wasting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Grohmann
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Hassall Road, Alsager, UK.
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