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Torres M, Mcconnaughie D, Akhtar S, Gaffney CE, Fievet B, Ingham C, Stockdale M, Dickson AJ. Engineering mammalian cell growth dynamics for biomanufacturing. Metab Eng 2024; 82:89-99. [PMID: 38325641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Precise control over mammalian cell growth dynamics poses a major challenge in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Here, we present a multi-level cell engineering strategy for the tunable regulation of growth phases in mammalian cells. Initially, we engineered mammalian death phase by employing CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak, resulting in a substantial attenuation of apoptosis by improving cell viability and extending culture lifespan. The second phase introduced a growth acceleration system, akin to a "gas pedal", based on an abscidic acid inducible system regulating cMYC gene expression, enabling rapid cell density increase and cell cycle control. The third phase focused on a stationary phase inducing system, comparable to a "brake pedal". A tetracycline inducible genetic circuit based on BLIMP1 gene led to cell growth cessation and arrested cell cycle upon activation. Finally, we developed a dual controllable system, combining the "gas and brake pedals", enabling for dynamic and precise orchestration of mammalian cell growth dynamics. This work exemplifies the application of synthetic biology tools and combinatorial cell engineering, offering a sophisticated framework for manipulating mammalian cell growth and providing a unique paradigm for reprogramming cell behaviour for enhancing biopharmaceutical manufacturing and further biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Torres
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Chemical Engineering, Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Dewi Mcconnaughie
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Chemical Engineering, Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Samia Akhtar
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Chemical Engineering, Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire E Gaffney
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Chemical Engineering, Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bruno Fievet
- Horizon Discovery (Revvity), 8100 Cambridge Research Park, Waterbeach, Cambridge, CB25 9TL, UK
| | - Catherine Ingham
- Horizon Discovery (Revvity), 8100 Cambridge Research Park, Waterbeach, Cambridge, CB25 9TL, UK
| | - Mark Stockdale
- Horizon Discovery (Revvity), 8100 Cambridge Research Park, Waterbeach, Cambridge, CB25 9TL, UK
| | - Alan J Dickson
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Chemical Engineering, Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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2
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Tang J, Li Y, Wu J, Shen H, Yin H, Liang J, Wang L, Li J, Xia Y, Xu W. Bortezomib depended on PRDM1 and TP53 to exert therapeutic effect in activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Genes Dis 2024; 11:550-553. [PMID: 37692509 PMCID: PMC10491910 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jiazhu Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Haorui Shen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jinhua Liang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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3
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Zhu Q, Wang L, Ren H, Zhang J, Zuo Q, Li M, Zhu J, Yang G, Zhang F. Molecular characterization of the B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (blimp1) gene of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and its transcription repression involves recruitment of histone deacetylase HDAC3. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109216. [PMID: 37944681 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Blimp1 is the master regulator of B cell terminal differentiation in mammals, it inhibits expression of many transcription factors including bcl6, which provides the basis for promoting further development of activated B lymphocytes into plasma cells. Blimp-1 is thought to act as a sequence-specific recruitment factor for chromatin-modifying enzymes including histone deacetylases (HDAC) and methyltransferases to repress target genes. The cDNA of Ccblimp1a (Cyprinus carpio) open reading frame is 2337 bp encoding a protein of 777 amino acids. CcBlimp1a contains a SET domain, two Proline Rich domains, and five ZnF_C2H2 domains. Blimp1 are conserved in vertebrate species. Ccblimp1a transcripts were detected in common carp larvae from 1 dpf (day post fertilization)to 31 dpf. Ccblimp1a expression was up-regulated in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and spleen leukocytes (SPL) of common carp stimulated by intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Ccblimp1a expression in PBL and SPL of common carp was induced by TNP-LPS and TNP-KLH. The results indicated TNP-LPS induced a rapid response in PBL and TNP-KLH induced much stronger response in SPL and PBL. IHC results showed that CcBlimp1 positive cells were distributed in the head kidney, trunk kidney, liver, and gut. Immunofluorescence stain results showed that CcBlimp1 was expressed in IgM + lymphocytes. The subcellular localization of CcBlimp1 in the nuclei indicated CcBlimp1 may be involved in the differentiation of IgM + lymphocytes. Further study focusing on the function of CcBlimp1 transcriptional repression was performed using dual luciferase assay. The results showed that the transcription repression of CcBlimp1 on bcl6aa promoter was affected by the histone deacetylation inhibitor and was synergized with histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3). The results of Co-IP in HEK293T and immunoprecipitation in SPL indicated that CcBlimp1 recruited HDAC3 and might be involved in the formation of complexes. These results suggest that CcBlimp1 is an important transcription factor in common carp lymphocytes. Histone deacetylation modification mediated by HDAC3 may have important roles in CcBlimp1 transcriptional repression during the differentiation of lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Haoyue Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Qingyun Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Mojin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| | - Fumiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
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Li Q, Wang W, Wu S, Li J, Dong M, Wang L, Song L. CgBlimp-1 inhibits granulocytes proliferation and interleukin production in the immune response of oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:104652. [PMID: 36736934 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocyte-inducible maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1) is a SET domain and zinc fingers containing transcriptional repressor, which is necessary for regulating the development of many immune cell lineages and keeping immune homeostasis. In the present study, a Blimp-1 homologue (designated as CgBlimp-1) was identified from oyster Crassostrea gigas, which contained a conserved SET domain and five ZnF_C2H2 domains and shared high homology with Blimp-1 from other species. The mRNA transcripts of CgBlimp-1 were highly expressed in gill and hepatopancreas. CgBlimp-1 protein was detected to be specifically expressed in granulocytes. After V. splendidus stimulation, the mRNA expression level of CgBlimp-1 in haemocytes up-regulated significantly at 24, 48, and 96 h, which was 4.39-fold (p < 0.05), 7.68-fold (p < 0.01) and 2.65-fold (p < 0.05) of that in control group, respectively. When the expression of CgBlimp-1 was knocked-down in vivo by RNAi, the mRNA expressions of downstream transcription factor CgMyc-A (1.63-fold of that in control group, p < 0.05) and cell cycle related gene CgCDK2 (1.70-fold, p < 0.05) increased significantly at 24 h after V. splendidus stimulation. Concomitantly, the ratio of EdU+ haemocytes increased notably (p < 0.01) while the proportion of haemocytes in G0/G1 phase decreased dramatically (p < 0.001), compared to that in control group. More specifically, the proportion of granulocytes in total haemocytes increased apparently (p < 0.05) in CgBlimp-1-RNAi oysters, together with up-regulation (p < 0.05) of the ratio of EdU+ granulocytes and down-regulation (p < 0.001) of the proportion of granulocytes in G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of CgIL17-1, CgIL17-2 and CgIL17-4 in haemocytes increased significantly in CgBlimp-1-RNAi oysters, which was 1.71-fold (p < 0.05), 144.70-fold (p < 0.01) and 1.93-fold (p < 0.05) of that in control group, respectively. Aforementioned results suggested that CgBlimp-1 could reduce the proliferation of granulocytes by arresting cell cycle in G1/G0 phase and avoid over-expression of interleukin to maintain homeostasis in the immune response of oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Shasha Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jialuo Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Miren Dong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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5
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da Costa LCO, Gardinassi LG, Veras FP, Milanezi C, Ramalho LNZ, Benevides L, Alves-Filho JC, da Silva JS, da Silva Souza C. Expression of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1) in keratinocyte and cytokine signalling drives human Th17 response in psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:481-490. [PMID: 36042041 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional factor B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1) is pivotally implicated in T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation. This study investigated expression of the Blimp-1 protein, positive regulatory domain 1 (PRDM1), and cytokine genes in psoriasis (PsO). Affected (AS-PsO) and non-affected skin (nAS-PsO) samples were used to assess gene and protein expressions by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and immunostaining and confocal microscopy, respectively; the normalised public transcriptomic data permitted differential gene expression analyses. On RT-qPCR, PRDM1 and IL17A transcripts showed higher expression in AS-PsO than in nAS-PsO (n = 34) (p < 0.001; p < 0.0001, respectively). Confocal microscopy showed Blimp-1 protein expression in epidermal layer keratinocytes in AS-PsO, but not in nAS-PsO. Bioinformatic analysis of the transcriptomic dataset GSE13355 corroborated the increased PRDM1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), IL12B, TNF, IL17A, IL6, IL1B, IL22, and IL10 gene expression in AS-PsO, when compared to normal skin and nAS-PsO (p < 0.001). PRDM1 expression correlated positively (p < 0.0001) with that of IL17A (r = 0.7), IL1B (r = 0.67), IL12B (r = 0.6), IL6 (r = 0.59), IL22 (r = 0.53), IL23A (r = 0.47), IL21 (r = 0.47), IL27 (r = 0.34), IL23R (r = 0.32), S100 calcium binding protein A9 (r = 0.63), and lipocalin 2 (r = 0.50), and negatively with that of TGFB1 (r = - 0.28) and RORC (r = - 0.60). Blimp-1 may be critical in the pathogenesis of PsO dysregulation involving the Th17 inflammatory pathway. This knowledge may accelerate the development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Carla Oliveira da Costa
- Dermatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Gardinassi
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Flávio Protásio Veras
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Milanezi
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Benevides
- Fiocruz-Bi-Institutional Translational Medicine Plataform, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Santana da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Fiocruz-Bi-Institutional Translational Medicine Plataform, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cacilda da Silva Souza
- Dermatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil.
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6
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Sarhan M, Miyagawa K, Ueda H. Domain analysis of Drosophila Blimp-1 reveals the importance of its repression function and instability in determining pupation timing. Genes Cells 2023; 28:338-347. [PMID: 36852536 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The PRDM family transcription repressor Blimp-1 is present in almost all multicellular organisms and plays important roles in various developmental processes. This factor has several conserved motifs among different species, but the function of each motif is unclear. Drosophila Blimp-1 plays an important role in determining pupation timing by acting as an unstable transcriptional repressor of the βftz-f1 gene. Thus, Drosophila provides a good system for analyzing the molecular and biological functions of each region in Blimp-1. Various Blimp-1 mutants carrying deletions at the conserved motifs were induced under the control of the heat shock promoter in prepupae, and the expression patterns of βFTZ-F1 and Blimp-1 and pupation timing were observed. The results showed that the regions with strong and weak repressor functions exist within the proline-rich middle section of the factor and near the N-terminal conserved motif, respectively. Rapid degradation was supported by multiple regions that were mainly located in a large proline-rich region. Results revealed that pupation timing was affected by the repression ability and stability of Blimp-1. This suggests that both the repression function and instability of Blimp-1 are indispensable for the precise determination of pupation timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Sarhan
- The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koichi Miyagawa
- The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ueda
- The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Legrand JMD, Hobbs RM. Defining Gene Function in Spermatogonial Stem Cells Through Conditional Knockout Approaches. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2656:261-307. [PMID: 37249877 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3139-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian male fertility is maintained throughout life by a population of self-renewing mitotic germ cells known as spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Much of our current understanding regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying SSC activity is derived from studies using conditional knockout mouse models. Here, we provide a guide for the selection and use of mouse strains to develop conditional knockout models for the study of SSCs, as well as their precursors and differentiation-committed progeny. We describe Cre recombinase-expressing strains, breeding strategies to generate experimental groups, and treatment regimens for inducible knockout models and provide advice for verifying and improving conditional knockout efficiency. This resource can be beneficial to those aiming to develop conditional knockout models for the study of SSC development and postnatal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien M D Legrand
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin M Hobbs
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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8
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Zhong A, Gao T. Transcriptome analysis reveals similarities and differences in immune responses in the head and trunk kidneys of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) stimulated with Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:155-163. [PMID: 36055554 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Teleosts have a unique immune system because their head kidney (HK) and trunk kidney (TK) are sites for hematopoiesis. However, the immune functions of the HK and TKs require further elucidation in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). In the present study, imprints of the HK and TK were examined using the Wright's-Giemsa staining method. Morphological characteristics of the blood cell lineages revealed that the HK and TK were hematopoietic organs. To explore its immune function, transcriptome sequencing was performed after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 1139 genes showed significant alterations in their expression in the kidney; these genes included 737 upregulated and 402 downregulated genes. Furthermore, 1117 differentially expressed genes were observed in the HK, which included 784 upregulated and 333 downregulated genes. Both organs showed 357 upregulated genes and 85 downregulated genes. Some immune-related genes were only expressed in the TK, such as ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX58, the gene encoding the immunoglobulin heavy chain and light chain. The immune responses in the HK and TK were differential and the TK played a critical role in the mechanism underlying the immune response. The purpose of the present study was to facilitate the elucidation of the immune defense mechanism of yellow catfish and other teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhong
- Aquaculture Department, College of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1, Haida South Road, Changzhi Island, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316022, China.
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- Aquaculture Department, College of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1, Haida South Road, Changzhi Island, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316022, China
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9
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Blood Transcriptome Profiling Links Immunity to Disease Severity in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063081. [PMID: 35328504 PMCID: PMC8954763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood transcriptome was examined in relation to disease severity in type I myotonic dystrophy (DM1) patients who participated in the Observational Prolonged Trial In DM1 to Improve QoL- Standards (OPTIMISTIC) study. This sought to (a) ascertain if transcriptome changes were associated with increasing disease severity, as measured by the muscle impairment rating scale (MIRS), and (b) establish if these changes in mRNA expression and associated biological pathways were also observed in the Dystrophia Myotonica Biomarker Discovery Initiative (DMBDI) microarray dataset in blood (with equivalent MIRS/DMPK repeat length). The changes in gene expression were compared using a number of complementary pathways, gene ontology and upstream regulator analyses, which suggested that symptom severity in DM1 was linked to transcriptomic alterations in innate and adaptive immunity associated with muscle-wasting. Future studies should explore the role of immunity in DM1 in more detail to assess its relevance to DM1.
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Niimi K, Nakae J, Inagaki S, Furuyama T. FOXO1 represses lymphatic valve formation and maintenance via PRDM1. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110048. [PMID: 34852224 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraluminal lymphatic valves (LVs) contribute to the prevention of lymph backflow and maintain circulatory homeostasis. Several reports have investigated the molecular mechanisms which promote LV formation; however, the way in which they are suppressed is not completely clear. We show that the forkhead transcription factor FOXO1 is a suppressor of LV formation and maintenance in lymphatic endothelial cells. Oscillatory shear stress by bidirectional flow inactivates FOXO1 via Akt phosphorylation, resulting in the upregulation of a subset of LV-specific genes mediated by downregulation of a transcriptional repressor, PRDM1. Mice with an endothelial-specific Foxo1 deletion have an increase in LVs, and overexpression of Foxo1 in mice produces a decrease in LVs. Genetic reduction of PRDM1 rescues the decrease in LV by Foxo1 overexpression. In conclusion, FOXO1 plays a critical role in lymph flow homeostasis by preventing excess LV formation. This gene might be a therapeutic target for lymphatic circulatory abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Niimi
- Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Hara 281-1, Mure, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan
| | - Jun Nakae
- Department of Physiology, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, 4-3 Kozu-no-Mori, Narita 286-8686, Japan
| | - Shinobu Inagaki
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, Osaka Yukioka College of Health Science, Sojiji 1-1-41, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0801, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Furuyama
- Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Hara 281-1, Mure, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan.
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11
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Gong AY, Wang Y, Li M, Zhang XT, Deng S, Chen JM, Lu E, Mathy NW, Martins GA, Strauss-Soukup JK, Chen XM. LncRNA XR_001779380 Primes Epithelial Cells for IFN-γ-Mediated Gene Transcription and Facilitates Age-Dependent Intestinal Antimicrobial Defense. mBio 2021; 12:e0212721. [PMID: 34488445 PMCID: PMC8546593 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02127-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) signaling is key to mucosal immunity in the gastrointestinal tract, but cellular regulatory elements that determine interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-mediated antimicrobial defense in intestinal epithelial cells are not fully understood. We report here that a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), GenBank accession no. XR_001779380, was increased in abundance in murine intestinal epithelial cells following infection by Cryptosporidium, an important opportunistic pathogen in AIDS patients and a common cause of diarrhea in young children. Expression of XR_001779380 in infected intestinal epithelial cells was triggered by TLR4/NF-κB/Cdc42 signaling and epithelial-specific transcription factor Elf3. XR_001779380 primed epithelial cells for IFN-γ-mediated gene transcription through facilitating Stat1/Swi/Snf-associated chromatin remodeling. Interactions between XR_001779380 and Prdm1, which is expressed in neonatal but not adult intestinal epithelium, attenuated Stat1/Swi/Snf-associated chromatin remodeling induced by IFN-γ, contributing to suppression of IFN-γ-mediated epithelial defense in neonatal intestine. Our data demonstrate that XR_001779380 is an important regulator in IFN-γ-mediated gene transcription and age-associated intestinal epithelial antimicrobial defense. IMPORTANCE Epithelial cells along the mucosal surface provide the front line of defense against luminal pathogen infection in the gastrointestinal tract. These epithelial cells represent an integral component of a highly regulated communication network that can transmit essential signals to cells in the underlying intestinal mucosa that, in turn, serve as targets of mucosal immune mediators. LncRNAs are recently identified long noncoding transcripts that can regulate gene transcription through their interactions with other effect molecules. In this study, we demonstrated that lncRNA XR_001779380 was upregulated in murine intestinal epithelial cells following infection by a mucosal protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium. Expression of XR_001779380 in infected cells primed host epithelial cells for IFN-γ-mediated gene transcription, relevant to age-dependent intestinal antimicrobial defense. Our data provide new mechanistic insights into how intestinal epithelial cells orchestrate intestinal mucosal defense against microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Yu Gong
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Xin-Tian Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Silu Deng
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jessie M. Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Eugene Lu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Nicholas W. Mathy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Gislaine A. Martins
- Deptartments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Xian-Ming Chen
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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12
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Ke X, Zhang R, Yao Q, Duan S, Hong W, Cao M, Zhou Q, Zhong X, Zhao H. Alternative splicing of medaka bcl6aa and its repression by Prdm1a and Prdm1b. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1229-1242. [PMID: 34218391 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bcl6 and Prdm1 (Blimp1) are a pair of transcriptional factors that repressing each other in mammals. Prdm1 represses the expression of bcl6 by binding a cis-element of the bcl6 gene in mammals. The homologs of Bcl6 and Prdm1 have been identified in teleost fish. However, whether these two factors regulate each other in the same way in fish like that in mammals is not clear. In this study, the regulation of bcl6aa by Prdm1 was investigated in medaka. The mRNA of bcl6aa has three variants (bcl6aaX1-X3) at the 5'-end by alternative splicing detected by RT-PCR. The three variants can be detected in adult tissues and developing embryos of medaka. Prdm1a and prdm1b are expressed in the tissues and embryos where and when bcl6aa is expressed. The expression of prdm1a was high while the expression of bcl6aa was low, and vice versa, detected in the spleen after stimulation with LPS or polyI:C. In vitro reporter assay indicated that bcl6aa could be directly repressed by both Prdm1a and Prdm1b in a dosage-dependent manner. After mutation of the key base, G, of all predicted binding sites in the core promoter region of bcl6aa, the repression by Prdm1a and/or Prdm1b disappeared. The binding site of Prdm1 in the bcl6aa gene is GAAAA(T/G). These results indicate that both Prdm1a and Prdm1b directly repress the expression of bcl6aa by binding their binding sites where the 5'-G is critical in medaka fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Ke
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Runshuai Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Qiting Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Shi Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Wentao Hong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Mengxi Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Qingchun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Xueping Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Haobin Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
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13
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Rakhra G, Rakhra G. Zinc finger proteins: insights into the transcriptional and post transcriptional regulation of immune response. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5735-5743. [PMID: 34304391 PMCID: PMC8310398 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc finger proteins encompass one of the unique and large families of proteins with diversified biological functions in the human body. These proteins are primarily considered to be DNA binding transcription factors; however, owing to the diverse array of zinc-finger domains, they are able to interact with molecules other than DNA like RNA, proteins, lipids and PAR (poly-ADP-ribose). Evidences from recent scientific studies have provided an insight into the potential functions of zinc finger proteins in immune system regulation both at the transcriptional and post transcriptional level. However, the mechanism and importance of zinc finger proteins in the regulation of immune response is not very well defined and understood. This review highlights in detail the importance of zinc finger proteins in the regulation of immune system at transcriptional and post transcriptional level. CONCLUSION Different types of zinc finger proteins are involved in immune system regulation and their mechanism of regulation is discussed herewith.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurseen Rakhra
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research & Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, 121004, India
| | - Gurmeen Rakhra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India.
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14
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Xu AQ, Barbosa RR, Calado DP. Genetic timestamping of plasma cells in vivo reveals tissue-specific homeostatic population turnover. eLife 2020; 9:e59850. [PMID: 33136000 PMCID: PMC7682985 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells (PCs) are essential for protection from infection, and at the origin of incurable cancers. Current studies do not circumvent the limitations of removing PCs from their microenvironment and confound formation and maintenance. Also, the investigation of PC population dynamics has mostly relied on nucleotide analog incorporation that does not label quiescent cells, a property of most PCs. The main impediment is the lack of tools to perform specific genetic manipulation in vivo. Here we characterize a genetic tool (JchaincreERT2) in the mouse that permits first-ever specific genetic manipulation in PCs in vivo, across immunoglobulin isotypes. Using this tool, we found that splenic and bone marrow PC numbers remained constant over-time with the decay in genetically labeled PCs being compensated by unlabeled PCs, supporting homeostatic population turnover in these tissues. The JchaincreERT2 tool paves the way for an in-depth mechanistic understanding of PC biology and pathology in vivo, in their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Qi Xu
- Immunity and Cancer, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Rita R Barbosa
- Immunity and Cancer, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Dinis Pedro Calado
- Immunity and Cancer, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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15
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Perdiguero P, Goméz-Esparza MC, Martín D, Bird S, Soleto I, Morel E, Díaz-Rosales P, Tafalla C. Insights Into the Evolution of the prdm1/Blimp1 Gene Family in Teleost Fish. Front Immunol 2020; 11:596975. [PMID: 33193451 PMCID: PMC7662092 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.596975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, Blimp1 (B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1) encoded by the prdm1 gene and its homolog Hobit (homolog of Blimp1 in T cells) encoded by znf683, represent key transcriptional factors that control the development and differentiation of both B and T cells. Despite their essential role in the regulation of acquired immunity, this gene family has been largely unexplored in teleosts to date. Until now, one prdm1 gene has been identified in most teleost species, whereas a znf683 homolog has not yet been reported in any of these species. Focusing our analysis on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), an in silico identification and characterization of prdm1-like genes has been undertaken, confirming that prdm1 and znf683 evolved from a common ancestor gene, acquiring three gene copies after the teleost-specific whole genome duplication event (WGD) and six genes after the salmonid-specific WGD. Additional transcriptional studies to study how each of these genes are regulated in homeostasis, in response to a viral infection or in B cells in different differentiation stages, provide novel insights as to how this gene family evolved and how their encoded products might be implicated in the lymphocyte differentiation process in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diana Martín
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Steve Bird
- Biomedical Unit, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Irene Soleto
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Morel
- Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Cai W, Zhou W, Han Z, Lei J, Zhuang J, Zhu P, Wu X, Yuan W. Master regulator genes and their impact on major diseases. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9952. [PMID: 33083114 PMCID: PMC7546222 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Master regulator genes (MRGs) have become a hot topic in recent decades. They not only affect the development of tissue and organ systems but also play a role in other signal pathways by regulating additional MRGs. Because a MRG can regulate the concurrent expression of several genes, its mutation often leads to major diseases. Moreover, the occurrence of many tumors and cardiovascular and nervous system diseases are closely related to MRG changes. With the development in omics technology, an increasing amount of investigations will be directed toward MRGs because their regulation involves all aspects of an organism’s development. This review focuses on the definition and classification of MRGs as well as their influence on disease regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Cai
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wanbang Zhou
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe Han
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Precision Disease Modeling, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Junrong Lei
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiushan Wu
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wuzhou Yuan
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, Key Laboratory of MOE for Development Biology and Protein Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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17
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Shen H, Zhang X, Al Hafiz MA, Liang X, Yao Q, Guo M, Xu G, Zhong X, Zhou Q, Zhao H. The Proteins Interacting with Prmt5 in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Identified by Yeast Two-Hybridization. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:971-978. [PMID: 32370700 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200505213431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prmt5 plays major role in regulation of gene expression, RNA processing, cell growth and differentiation, signal transduction, germ cell development, etc., in mammals. Prmt5 is also related to cancer. Knowing the proteins interacting with Prmt5 is important to understand Prmt5's function in cells. Although there have been reports on proteins binding with Prmt5 in mammals, the partner proteins of Prmt5 in fish are still unclear. OBJECTIVES The objective was to obtain proteins that bind with Prmt5 in medaka, a model fish. METHODS Yeast two hybridization was adopted to achieve the objective. Medaka Prmt5 was used as a bait to fish the prey, binding proteins in a cDNA library of medaka. Co-immunoprecipitation and in silicon analysis were performed to study the interaction of medaka Mep50 and Prmt5. RESULTS Eight proteins were identified to bind with Prmt5 from 69 preliminary positive colonies. The binding proteins are methylosome protein 50 (Mep50), apolipoprotein A-I-like (Apo-AI), PR domain containing protein 1a with zinc fingers (Prdm1a), Prdm1b, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin family member 3 (Tim-3), phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase and phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase (Paics), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) and sciellin (Scl). Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction of medaka Prmt5 and Mep50. Predicted structures of medaka Prtm5 and Mep50 are similar to that of human PRMT5 and MEP50. CONCLUSION Medaka Mep50, Prdm1a, Prdm1b, Apo-AI, Tim-3, Paics, ND4, and Scl bind with Prmt5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiaosha Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Md Abdullah Al Hafiz
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiaoting Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qiting Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Maomao Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Gongyu Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xueping Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qingchun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Haobin Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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18
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Okuzaki Y, Kaneoka H, Suzuki T, Hagihara Y, Nakayama Y, Murakami S, Murase Y, Kuroiwa A, Iijima S, Nishijima KI. PRDM14 and BLIMP1 control the development of chicken primordial germ cells. Dev Biol 2019; 455:32-41. [PMID: 31271752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) is a fundamental step in development. PR domain-containing protein 14 (PRDM14) and B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1) play pivotal roles in mouse PGC specification. In the present study, we assessed the roles of chicken orthologs of PRDM14 and BLIMP1 in PGC development. PRDM14 and BLIMP1 were expressed in blastodermal cells and PGCs. The in vivo knockdown of PRDM14 or BLIMP1 by introducing a replication-competent retroviral vector expressing shRNAs to the blastodermal stage of embryos reduced the number of SSEA-1 or chicken vasa homologue-positive PGCs on day 5.5-6.5. Since the inhibition of Activin receptor-like kinase 4/5/7 in cultured PGCs reduced the expression of PRDM14, BLIMP1, and NANOG, and that of MEK inhibited PRDM14 expression, the expression of these genes seems to be controlled by Activin A and FGF2 signaling. Overall, PRDM14, BLIMP1, and NANOG seem to be involved in the self-renewal of PGCs in cultured PGCs and embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Okuzaki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kaneoka
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yota Hagihara
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakayama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Seitaro Murakami
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murase
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuroiwa
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinji Iijima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nishijima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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19
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Wu L, Zhou E, Gao A, Kong L, Wu S, Bian X, Li Y, Li B, Fu S, Guo Z, Ye J. Blimp-1 is involved in B cell activation and maturation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 98:137-147. [PMID: 31078630 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1), a transcription factor containing zinc finger, is required and sufficient to trigger terminal differentiation of B cells in mammals. The Blimp-1 (OnBlimp-1) from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was identified and characterized its expression pattern during B cell activation and maturation. The cDNA of OnBlimp-1 open reading frame is 2547 bp encoding a protein of 848 amino acids and the predicted molecular weight is 93.36 kDa. OnBlimp-1 contains a SET domain and five ZnF_C2H2 domains, which shares high homology with that of other species. OnBlimp-1 transcription was detected in all examined tissues with high expression in the spleen (SPL). Analysis of sorted lymphocyte populations, including IgM+ and IgM- cells from peripheral blood (PBL), SPL and anterior kidney (AK), indicated that the OnBlimp-1 transcription was highly expressed in the IgM+ B cells. Upon LPS stimulation, OnBlimp-1 expression was up-regulated in tissues of PBL, SPL and AK significantly. The expression of OnBlimp-1, as well as the secreted IgM, was significantly up-regulated in the SPL and AK leukocytes stimulated with anti-OnIgM monoclonal antibody and LPS in vitro, respectively. Above results suggest that OnBlimp-1, a cytokine regulating the terminal differentiation of activated B cells to antibody-secreting cells, is likely to play important roles in B cell activation and maturation in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Wu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Enxu Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Along Gao
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Linghe Kong
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Siwei Wu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Xia Bian
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Bingxi Li
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Shengli Fu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Zheng Guo
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Ye
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China.
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Ming Z, Gong AY, Wang Y, Zhang XT, Li M, Mathy NW, Strauss-Soukup JK, Chen XM. Involvement of Cryptosporidium parvum Cdg7_FLc_1000 RNA in the Attenuation of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Migration via Trans-Suppression of Host Cell SMPD3. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:122-133. [PMID: 28961856 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal infection by Cryptosporidium parvum causes inhibition of epithelial turnover, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. Previous studies demonstrate that a panel of parasite RNA transcripts of low protein-coding potential are delivered into infected epithelial cells. Using in vitro and in vivo models of intestinal cryptosporidiosis, we report here that host delivery of parasite Cdg7_FLc_1000 RNA results in inhibition of epithelial cell migration through suppression of the gene encoding sphingomyelinase 3 (SMPD3). Delivery of Cdg7_FLc_1000 into infected cells promotes the histone methyltransferase G9a-mediated H3K9 methylation in the SMPD3 locus. The DNA-binding transcriptional repressor, PR domain zinc finger protein 1, is required for the assembly of Cdg7_FLc_1000 into the G9a complex and associated with the enrichment of H3K9 methylation at the gene locus. Pathologically, nuclear transfer of Cryptosporidium parvum Cdg7_FLc_1000 RNA is involved in the attenuation of intestinal epithelial cell migration via trans-suppression of host cell SMPD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenping Ming
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei, China.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine
| | - Ai-Yu Gong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine
| | - Xin-Tian Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine
| | - Nicholas W Mathy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine
| | | | - Xian-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine
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21
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Abstract
The successful segregation of germ cells from somatic lineages is vital for sexual reproduction and species survival. In the mouse, primordial germ cells (PGCs), precursors of all germ cells, are induced from the post-implantation epiblast1. Induction requires BMP4 signalling to prospective PGCs2 and the intrinsic action of PGC transcription factors (TFs)3–6. However, the molecular mechanisms connecting BMP4 to induction of the PGC TFs responsible for segregating PGCs from somatic lineages are unknown. Here we show that the transcription factor OTX2 is a key regulator of these processes. Down-regulation of Otx2 precedes the initiation of the PGC programme both in vitro and in vivo. Deletion of Otx2 in vitro dramatically increases PGCLC differentiation efficiency and prolongs the period of PGC competence. In the absence of Otx2 activity, PGCLC differentiation becomes independent of the otherwise essential cytokine signals, with germline entry initiating even in the absence of the PGC TF Blimp1. Deletion of Otx2 in vivo increases PGC numbers. These data demonstrate that OTX2 functions repressively upstream of PGC TFs, acting as a roadblock to limit entry of epiblast cells to the germline to a small window in space and time, thereby ensuring correct numerical segregation of germline cells from the soma.
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22
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Ming Z, Gong AY, Wang Y, Zhang XT, Li M, Li Y, Pang J, Dong S, Strauss-Soukup JK, Chen XM. Trans-suppression of host CDH3 and LOXL4 genes during Cryptosporidium parvum infection involves nuclear delivery of parasite Cdg7_FLc_1000 RNA. Int J Parasitol 2018; 48:423-431. [PMID: 29438669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal infection by Cryptosporidium parvum causes significant alterations in the gene expression profile in host epithelial cells. Previous studies demonstrate that a panel of parasite RNA transcripts of low protein-coding potential are delivered into infected host cells and may modulate host gene transcription. Using in vitro models of human intestinal cryptosporidiosis, we report here that trans-suppression of the cadherin 3 (CDH3) and lysyl oxidase like 4 (LOXL4) genes in human intestinal epithelial cells following C. parvum infection involves host delivery of the Cdg7_FLc_1000 RNA, a C. parvum RNA that has been previously demonstrated to be delivered into the nuclei of infected host cells. Downregulation of CDH3 and LOXL4 genes was detected in host epithelial cells following C. parvum infection or in cells expressing the parasite Cdg7_FLc_1000 RNA. Knockdown of Cdg7_FLc_1000 attenuated the trans-suppression of CDH3 and LOXL4 genes in host cells induced by infection. Interestingly, Cdg7_FLc_1000 was detected to be recruited to the promoter regions of both CDH3 and LOXL4 gene loci in host cells following C. parvum infection. Host delivery of Cdg7_FLc_1000 promoted the PH domain zinc finger protein 1 (PRDM1)-mediated H3K9 methylation associated with trans-suppression in the CDH3 gene locus, but not the LOXL4 gene. Therefore, our data suggest that host delivery of Cdg7_FLc_1000 causes CDH3 trans-suppression in human intestinal epithelial cells following C. parvum infection through PRDM1-mediated H3K9 methylation in the CDH3 gene locus, whereas Cdg7_FLc_1000 induces trans-suppression of the host LOXL4 gene through H3K9/H3K27 methylation-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenping Ming
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei, China; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Ai-Yu Gong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Xin-Tian Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Pang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Stephanie Dong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Juliane K Strauss-Soukup
- Department of Chemistry, Creighton University College of Arts and Sciences, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Xian-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States.
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Berrih-Aknin S, Panse RL, Dragin N. AIRE: a missing link to explain female susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1412:21-32. [PMID: 29291257 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Women are more susceptible to autoimmune diseases than men. Autoimmunity results from tolerance breakdown toward self-components. Recently, three transcription modulators were identified in medullary thymic epithelial cells that orchestrate immune central tolerance processes: the autoimmune regulator (AIRE), FEZ family zinc finger 2 (FEZF2 or FEZ1), and PR domain zinc finger protein 1 (PRDM1). Interestingly, these three transcription modulators regulate nonredundant tissue-specific antigen subsets and thus cover broad antigen diversity. Recent data from different groups demonstrated that sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone) are involved in the regulation of thymic AIRE expression in humans and mice through direct transcriptional modulation and epigenetic changes. As a consequence, AIRE displays gender-biased thymic expression, with females showing a lower expression compared with males, a finding that could explain the female susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. So far, FEZF2 has not been related to an increased gender bias in autoimmune disease. PRDM1 expression has not been shown to display gender-differential thymic expression, but its expression level and its gene polymorphisms are associated with female-dependent autoimmune disease risk. Altogether, various studies have demonstrated that increased female susceptibility to autoimmune diseases is in part a consequence of hormone-driven reduced thymic AIRE expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Berrih-Aknin
- UPMC Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- INSERM U974, Paris, France
- AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Rozen Le Panse
- UPMC Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- INSERM U974, Paris, France
- AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Dragin
- UPMC Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- INSERM U974, Paris, France
- AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
- Inovarion, Paris, France
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Nuclear delivery of parasite Cdg2_FLc_0220 RNA transcript to epithelial cells during Cryptosporidium parvum infection modulates host gene transcription. Vet Parasitol 2017; 251:27-33. [PMID: 29426472 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal infection by the zoonotic protozoan, Cryptosporidium parvum, causes significant alterations in the gene expression profile in host epithelial cells. The molecular mechanisms of how C. parvum may modulate host cell gene transcription and the pathological significance of such alterations are largely unclear. Previous studies demonstrate that a panel of parasite RNA transcripts are delivered into infected host cells and may modulate host gene transcription. Using in vitro models of intestinal cryptosporidiosis, in this study, we analyzed the impact of host delivery of C. parvum Cdg2_FLc_0220 RNA transcript on host gene expression profile. We found that alterations in host gene expression profile following C. parvum infection were partially associated with the nuclear delivery of Cdg2_FLc_0220. Specifically, we identified a total of 46 overlapping upregulated genes and 8 overlapping downregulated genes in infected cells and cells transfected with Full-Cdg2_FLc_0220. Trans-suppression of the DAZ interacting zinc finger protein 1 like (DZIP1L) gene, the top overlapping downregulated gene in host cells following C. parvum infection and cells transfected with Full-Cdg2_FLc_0220, was mediated by G9a, independent of PRDM1. Cdg2_FLc_0220-mediated trans-suppression of the DZIP1L gene was independent of H3K9 and H3K27 methylation. Data from this study provide additional evidence that delivery of C. parvum Cdg2_FLc_0220 RNA transcript in infected epithelial cells modulates the transcription of host genes, contributing to the alterations in the gene expression profile in host epithelial cells during C. parvum infection.
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Yuan L, Li M, Meng F, Gong Y, Qian Y, Shi G, Wang R. Growth, blood health, antioxidant status, immune response and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila of juvenile yellow catfish exposed to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 202:79-84. [PMID: 28851534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Triplicate groups of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were exposed to three levels of DEHP (0, 0.1 and 0.5mgL-1) for 56days. Fish survival (100%) was not affected by different levels of ambient DEHP. Final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed intake of fish exposed to 0.5mgL-1 DEHP were the highest. On the contrary, hepatosomatic index of fish exposed to 0.1 and 0.5mgL-1 DEHP were the lowest. Serum total protein, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glucose and triglycerides increased with the increasing concentrations of DEHP exposure. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities of fish exposed to 0.5mgL-1 DEHP were the lowest, but malondialdehyde contents of fish exposed to 0.1 and 0.5mgL-1 DEHP were higher than that of control fish. Phagocytic indices of the control group were the highest. After being intraperitoneally injected with Aeromonas hydrophila, fish in the control group had the highest expression of toll like receptor 5, and the expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 of fish exposed to 0.5mgL-1 DEHP was the lowest. This study indicates that DEHP exerts its toxic effects by interfering with hepatic metabolism, inducing ROS generation and malondialdehyde accumulation, leading to blood deterioration and immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Yuan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Fanxing Meng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yifu Gong
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yunxia Qian
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ge Shi
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Rixin Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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HSP70-Hrd1 axis precludes the oncorepressor potential of N-terminal misfolded Blimp-1s in lymphoma cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:363. [PMID: 28842558 PMCID: PMC5572455 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00476-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) ensures B-cell differentiation into the plasma cell stage, and its instability constitutes a crucial oncogenic element in certain aggressive cases of activated B cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL). However, the underlying degradation mechanisms and their possible therapeutic relevance remain unexplored. Here, we show that N-terminal misfolding mutations in ABC-DLBCL render Blimp-1 protein susceptible to proteasome-mediated degradation but spare its transcription-regulating activity. Mechanistically, whereas wild-type Blimp-1 metabolism is triggered in the nucleus through PML-mediated sumoylation, the degradation of lymphoma-associated mutants is accelerated by subversion of this pathway to Hrd1-mediated cytoplasmic sequestration and ubiquitination. Screening experiments identifies the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) that selects Blimp-1 mutants for Hrd1 association, and HSP70 inhibition restores their nuclear accumulation and oncorepressor activities without disrupting normal B-cell maturation. Therefore, HSP70-Hrd1 axis represents a potential therapeutic target for restoring the oncorepressor activity of unstable lymphoma-associated Blimp-1 mutants. The transcriptional repressor Blimp-1 has an important role in B-cell differentiation. Here the authors show that lymphoma-associated Blimp-1 mutants are selectively recognized by HSP70-Hrd1, which leads to their accelerated degradation and propose HSP70 inhibition as a therapeutic approach for certain lymphomas.
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27
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Combinatorial regulation of a Blimp1 (Prdm1) enhancer in the mouse retina. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176905. [PMID: 28829770 PMCID: PMC5568747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse retina comprises seven major cell types that exist in differing proportions. They are generated from multipotent progenitors in a stochastic manner, such that the relative frequency of any given type generated changes over time. The mechanisms determining the proportions of each cell type are only partially understood. Photoreceptors and bipolar interneurons are derived from cells that express Otx2. Within this population, Blimp1 (Prdm1) helps set the balance between photoreceptors and bipolar cells by suppressing bipolar identity in most of the cells. How only a subset of these Otx2+ cells decides to upregulate Blimp1 and adopt photoreceptor fate is unknown. To understand this, we investigated how Blimp1 transcription is regulated. We identified several potential Blimp1 retinal enhancer elements using DNase hypersensitivity sequencing. Only one of the elements recapitulated Blimp1 spatial and temporal expression in cultured explant assays and within the retinas of transgenic mice. Mutagenesis of this retinal Blimp1 enhancer element revealed four discrete sequences that were each required for its activity. These included highly conserved Otx2 and ROR (retinoic acid receptor related orphan receptor) binding sites. The other required sequences do not appear to be controlled by Otx2 or ROR factors, increasing the complexity of the Blimp1 gene regulatory network. Our results show that the intersection of three or more transcription factors is required to correctly regulate the spatial and temporal features of Blimp1 enhancer expression. This explains how Blimp1 expression can diverge from Otx2 and set the balance between photoreceptor and bipolar fates.
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Fu SH, Yeh LT, Chu CC, Yen BLJ, Sytwu HK. New insights into Blimp-1 in T lymphocytes: a divergent regulator of cell destiny and effector function. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:49. [PMID: 28732506 PMCID: PMC5520377 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) serves as a master regulator of the development and function of antibody-producing B cells. Given that its function in T lymphocytes has been identified within the past decade, we review recent findings with emphasis on its role in coordinated control of gene expression during the development, differentiation, and function of T cells. Expression of Blimp-1 is mainly confined to activated T cells and is essential for the production of interleukin (IL)-10 by a subset of forkhead box (Fox)p3+ regulatory T cells with an effector phenotype. Blimp-1 is also required to induce cell elimination in the thymus and critically modulates peripheral T cell activation and proliferation. In addition, Blimp-1 promotes T helper (Th) 2 lineage commitment and limits Th1, Th17 and follicular helper T cell differentiation. Furthermore, Blimp-1 coordinates with other transcription factors to regulate expression of IL-2, IL-21 and IL-10 in effector T lymphocytes. In CD8+ T cells, Blimp-1 expression is distinct in heterogeneous populations at the stages of clonal expansion, differentiation, contraction and memory formation when they encounter antigens. Moreover, Blimp-1 plays a fundamental role in coordinating cytokine receptor signaling networks and transcriptional programs to regulate diverse aspects of the formation and function of effector and memory CD8+ T cells and their exhaustion. Blimp-1 also functions as a gatekeeper of T cell activation and suppression to prevent or dampen autoimmune disease, antiviral responses and antitumor immunity. In this review, we discuss the emerging roles of Blimp-1 in the complex regulation of gene networks that regulate the destiny and effector function of T cells and provide a Blimp-1-dominated transcriptional framework for T lymphocyte homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Huei Fu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, 161, Section 6, Min-Chuan East Road, Neihu District, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzu Yeh
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, 161, Section 6, Min-Chuan East Road, Neihu District, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chen Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 71104, Taiwan. .,Department of Recreation and Health-Care Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71104, Taiwan.
| | - B Lin-Ju Yen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, 161, Section 6, Min-Chuan East Road, Neihu District, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
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Wang Y, Gong AY, Ma S, Chen X, Strauss-Soukup JK, Chen XM. Delivery of parasite Cdg7_Flc_0990 RNA transcript into intestinal epithelial cells during Cryptosporidium parvum infection suppresses host cell gene transcription through epigenetic mechanisms. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [PMID: 28655069 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidial infection causes dysregulated transcription of host genes key to intestinal epithelial homeostasis, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Previous studies demonstrate that several Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) RNA transcripts are selectively delivered into epithelial cells during host cell invasion and may modulate gene transcription in infected cells. We report here that C. parvum infection suppresses the transcription of LRP5, SLC7A8, and IL33 genes in infected intestinal epithelium. Trans-suppression of these genes in infected host cells is associated with promoter enrichment of suppressive epigenetic markers (i.e., H3K9me3). Cdg7_FLc_0990, a C. parvum RNA that has previously demonstrated to be delivered into the nuclei of infected epithelial cells, is recruited to the promoter regions of LRP5, SLC7A8, and IL33 genes. Cdg7_FLc_0990 appears to be recruited to their promoter regions together with G9a, a histone methyltransferase for H3K9 methylation. The PR domain zinc finger protein 1, a G9a-interacting protein, is required for the assembly of Cdg7_FLc_0990 to the G9a complex and gene-specific enrichment of H3K9 methylation. Our data demonstrate that cryptosporidial infection induces epigenetic histone methylations in infected cells through nuclear transfer of parasite Cdg7_Flc_0990 RNA transcript, resulting in transcriptional suppression of the LRP5, SLC7A8, and IL33 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ai-Yu Gong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shibin Ma
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xiqiang Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Xian-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
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30
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Li P, Wang B, Cao D, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Wang X. Characterization and functional analysis of the Paralichthys olivaceus prdm1 gene promoter. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 212:32-40. [PMID: 28669662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PR domain containing protein 1 (Prdm1) is a transcriptional repressor identified in various species and plays multiple important roles in immune response and embryonic development. However, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of the prdm1 gene. This study aims to characterize the promoter of Paralichthys olivaceus prdm1 (Po-prdm1) gene and determine the regulatory mechanism of Po-prdm1 expression. A 2000bp-long 5'-flanking region (translation initiation site designated as +1) of the Po-prdm1 gene was isolated and characterized. The regulatory elements in this fragment were then investigated and many putative transcription factor (TF) binding sites involved in immunity and multiple tissue development were identified. A 5'-deletion analysis was then conducted, and the ability of the deletion mutants to promote luciferase and green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in a flounder gill cell line was examined. The results revealed that the minimal promoter is located in the region between -446 and -13bp, and the region between -1415 and -13bp enhanced the promoter activity. Site-directed mutation analysis was subsequently performed on the putative regulatory elements sites, and the results indicated that FOXP1, MSX and BCL6 binding sites play negative functional roles in the regulation of the Po-prdm1 expression in FG cells. In vivo analysis demonstrated that a GFP reporter gene containing 1.4kb-long promoter fragment (-1415/-13) was expressed in the head and trunk muscle fibres of transient transgenic zebrafish embryos. Our study provided the basic information for the exploration of Po-prdm1 regulation and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Dandan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuezhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xubo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China.
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31
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Solé C, Martínez D, Giné E, Gonzalez-Farre B, Pérez-Galán P, Roncador G, Campo E, Matutes E, López-Guillermo A, Roué G, Martínez A. Expression of a truncated B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 isoform is associated with an incomplete plasmacytic differentiation program in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:482-485. [PMID: 28573896 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1330470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Solé
- a Division of Hematology and Oncology , Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Daniel Martínez
- b Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology , Hospital Clinic , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Eva Giné
- c Department of Hematology , Hospital Clinic , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Blanca Gonzalez-Farre
- b Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology , Hospital Clinic , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-Galán
- a Division of Hematology and Oncology , Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer , Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - Elías Campo
- a Division of Hematology and Oncology , Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer , Barcelona , Spain.,b Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology , Hospital Clinic , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Estela Matutes
- c Department of Hematology , Hospital Clinic , Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - Gaël Roué
- a Division of Hematology and Oncology , Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez
- a Division of Hematology and Oncology , Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer , Barcelona , Spain.,b Hematopathology Unit, Department of Pathology , Hospital Clinic , Barcelona , Spain
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Dysregulation of Blimp1 transcriptional repressor unleashes p130Cas/ErbB2 breast cancer invasion. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1145. [PMID: 28442738 PMCID: PMC5430666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ErbB2 overexpression is detected in approximately 20% of breast cancers and is correlated with poor survival. It was previously shown that the adaptor protein p130Cas/BCAR1 is a crucial mediator of ErbB2 transformation and that its overexpression confers invasive properties to ErbB2-positive human mammary epithelial cells. We herein prove, for the first time, that the transcriptional repressor Blimp1 is a novel mediator of p130Cas/ErbB2-mediated invasiveness. Indeed, high Blimp1 expression levels are detected in invasive p130Cas/ErbB2 cells and correlate with metastatic status in human breast cancer patients. The present study, by using 2D and 3D breast cancer models, shows that the increased Blimp1 expression depends on both MAPK activation and miR-23b downmodulation. Moreover, we demonstrate that Blimp1 triggers cell invasion and metastasis formation via its effects on focal adhesion and survival signaling. These findings unravel the previously unidentified role that transcriptional repressor Blimp1 plays in the control of breast cancer invasiveness.
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Zhu Z, Wang H, Wei Y, Meng F, Liu Z, Zhang Z. Downregulation of PRDM1 promotes cellular invasion and lung cancer metastasis. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695929. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc-finger transcription factor PRDM1 (PR domain containing 1) plays key roles in the development of malignant lymphoma, leukaemia and some non-haematopoietic cancers, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer and glioma. However, little is known regarding the function of PRDM1 in the progression of lung cancer. Here, we found that PRDM1 is expressed in normal human lung epithelium but is downregulated in lung cancer cells. Decreased expression of PRDM1 correlates with poor prognosis in lung cancer. Depletion of PRDM1 in lung cancer cells promotes cellular invasion and anoikis resistance in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. PRDM1 is silenced by an ectopically expressed lymphocyte-specific transcription factor Aiolos. The transcription of these two genes is negatively correlated in 206 lung epithelial cell lines. Our results indicate that PRDM1 functions as a tumour suppressor in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiliang Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanrong Meng
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Uniken Venema WT, Voskuil MD, Dijkstra G, Weersma RK, Festen EA. The genetic background of inflammatory bowel disease: from correlation to causality. J Pathol 2016; 241:146-158. [PMID: 27785786 DOI: 10.1002/path.4817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have greatly improved our insight into the genetic background of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). New high-throughput technologies and large-scale international collaborations have contributed to the identification of 200 independent genetic risk loci for IBD. However, in most of these loci, it is unclear which gene conveys the risk for IBD. More importantly, it is unclear which variant within or near the gene is causal to the disease. Using targeted GWAS, imputation, resequencing of risk loci, and in silico fine-mapping of densely typed loci, several causal variants have been identified in IBD risk genes, and various pathological pathways have been uncovered. Current research in the field of IBD focuses on the effect of these causal variants on gene expression and protein function. However, more elements than only the genome must be taken into account to disentangle the multifactorial pathology of IBD. The genetic risk loci identified to date only explain a small part of genetic variance in disease risk. Currently, large multi-omics studies are incorporating factors ranging from the gut microbiome to the environment. In this review, we present the progress that has been made in IBD genetic research and stress the importance of studying causality to increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD. We highlight important causal genetic variants in the candidate genes NOD2, ATG16L1, IRGM, IL23R, CARD9, RNF186, and PRDM1. We describe their downstream effects on protein function and their direct effects on the gut immune system. Furthermore, we discuss the future role of genetics in unravelling disease mechanisms in IBD. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werna Tc Uniken Venema
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel D Voskuil
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Am Festen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Mikedis MM, Downs KM. PRDM1/BLIMP1 is widely distributed to the nascent fetal-placental interface in the mouse gastrula. Dev Dyn 2016; 246:50-71. [PMID: 27696611 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PRDM1 is a transcriptional repressor that contributes to primordial germ cell (PGC) development. During early gastrulation, epiblast-derived PRDM1 is thought to be restricted to a lineage-segregated germ line in the allantois. However, given recent findings that PGCs overlap an allantoic progenitor pool that contributes widely to the fetal-umbilical interface, posterior PRDM1 may also contribute to soma. RESULTS Within the posterior mouse gastrula (early streak, 12-s stages, embryonic days ∼6.75-9.0), PRDM1 localized to all tissues containing putative PGCs; however, PRDM1 was also found in all three primary germ layers, their derivatives, and two presumptive growth centers, the allantoic core domain and ventral ectodermal ridge. While PRDM1 and STELLA colocalized predominantly within the hindgut, where putative PGCs reside, other colocalizing cells were found in non-PGC sites. Additional PRDM1 and STELLA cells were found independent of each other throughout the posterior region, including the hindgut. The Prdm1-Cre-driven reporter supported PRDM1 localization in the majority of sites; however, some Prdm1 descendants were found in sites independent of PRDM1 protein, including allantoic mesothelium and hindgut endoderm. CONCLUSIONS Posterior PRDM1 contributes more broadly to the developing fetal-maternal connection than previously recognized, and PRDM1 and STELLA, while overlapping in putative PGCs, also co-localize in several other tissues. Developmental Dynamics 246:50-71, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Mikedis
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Karen M Downs
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Martins K, Hagedorn B, Ali S, Kennish J, Applegate B, Leu M, Epp L, Pallister C, Zwollo P. Tissue Phthalate Levels Correlate With Changes in Immune Gene Expression in a Population of Juvenile Wild Salmon. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 71:35-47. [PMID: 27177745 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates have detrimental effects on health and have been shown to dysregulate the immune system of mammals, birds, and fish. We recently reported that di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure reduces the abundance and inhibits the proliferation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) IgM(+) B lymphocytes and expression of secreted immunoglobulin heavy-chain mu transcripts in an in vitro culture system. We proposed that phthalates act as immunomodulators by modifying the normal B cell-activation pathways by accelerating B cell differentiation while suppressing plasmablast expansion, thus resulting in fewer IgM-secreting plasma cells. This hypothesis was tested here in an in vivo field study of juvenile Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) from a plastic-polluted lake in the Gulf of Alaska. Fish tissues were analyzed for both phthalate levels using liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry and for changes in immune gene expression using reverse transcriptase-real time polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that fish with higher tissue levels of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di(n-butyl) phthalate, and/or dimethyl phthalate expressed significantly fewer secreted and membrane-bound immunoglobulin heavy-chain mu and Blimp1 transcripts in their hematopoietic tissue. This suggests that in vivo uptake of phthalates in fish changes the expression of B cell-specific genes. Chronic exposure to phthalates likely dysregulates normal B-lymphoid development and antibody responses in salmonids and may increase susceptibility to infection. Given the conserved nature of B-lineage cells in vertebrate animals, other marine species may be similarly affected by chronic phthalate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Martins
- Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Birgit Hagedorn
- Environment and Natural Resources Institute, The University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Shareen Ali
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - John Kennish
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Ben Applegate
- Environment and Natural Resources Institute, The University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Matthias Leu
- Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Lidia Epp
- Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | | | - Patty Zwollo
- Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA.
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BLIMP-1/BLMP-1 and Metastasis-Associated Protein Regulate Stress Resistant Development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2016; 203:1721-32. [PMID: 27334271 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.190793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental stress triggers multilevel adaptations in animal development that depend in part on epigenetic mechanisms. In response to harsh environmental conditions and pheromone signals, Caenorhabditis elegans larvae become the highly stress-resistant and long-lived dauer. Despite extensive studies of dauer formation pathways that integrate specific environmental cues and appear to depend on transcriptional reprogramming, the role of epigenetic regulation in dauer development has remained unclear. Here we report that BLMP-1, the BLIMP-1 ortholog, regulates dauer formation via epigenetic pathways; in the absence of TGF-β signaling (in daf-7 mutants), lack of blmp-1 caused lethality. Using this phenotype, we screened 283 epigenetic factors, and identified lin-40, a homolog of metastasis-associate protein 1 (MTA1) as an interactor of BLMP-1 The interaction between LIN-40 and BLMP-1 is conserved because mammalian homologs for both MTA1 and BLIMP-1 could also interact. From microarray studies, we identified several downstream target genes of blmp-1: npr-3, nhr-23, ptr-4, and sams-1 Among them S-adenosyl methionine synthase (SAMS-1), is the key enzyme for production of SAM used in histone methylation. Indeed, blmp-1 is necessary for controlling histone methylation level in daf-7 mutants, suggesting BLMP-1 regulates the expression of SAMS-1, which in turn may regulate histone methylation and dauer formation. Our results reveal a new interaction between BLMP-1/BLIMP-1 and LIN-40/MTA1, as well as potential epigenetic downstream pathways, whereby these proteins cooperate to regulate stress-specific developmental adaptations.
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Liu C, Liu W, Fan L, Liu J, Li P, Zhang W, Gao J, Li Z, Zhang Q, Wang X. Sequences analyses and expression profiles in tissues and embryos of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) PRDM1. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:467-482. [PMID: 26508172 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PRDM1 (PRDI-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain containing 1) appears to be a pleiotropic regulatory factor in various processes. It contains a PR (PRDI-BF1-RIZ1 homologous) domain protein and five zinc fingers. In the present study, a gene coding the homolog of prdm1 and the 5' regulatory region of prdm1 was identified from the Paralichthys olivaceus (denoted Po-prdm1). Results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction amplification (RT-qPCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) in embryos revealed that Po-prdm1 was highly expressed between the early gastrula and tail bud stages, with its expression peaking in the mid-gastrula stage, whereas the results of RT-qPCR and ISH in tissues demonstrated that Po-prdm1 transcripts were ubiquitously detected in all tissues, which indicates its pleiotropic function in multiple processes. ISH of gonadal tissues revealed that the transcripts were located in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the oocytes in the ovaries but only in the spermatogonia and not in the spermatocytes in the testes. The Po-prdm1 transcription factor binding sites and their conserved binding region among vertebrates were analyzed in this study. The combined results suggest that Po-PRDM1 has a conserved function in teleosts and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Peizhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jinning Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xubo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Waugh KA, Leach SM, Slansky JE. Targeting Transcriptional Regulators of CD8+ T Cell Dysfunction to Boost Anti-Tumor Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2015; 3:771-802. [PMID: 26393659 PMCID: PMC4586477 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines3030771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription is a dynamic process influenced by the cellular environment: healthy, transformed, and otherwise. Genome-wide mRNA expression profiles reflect the collective impact of pathways modulating cell function under different conditions. In this review we focus on the transcriptional pathways that control tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cell (TIL) function. Simultaneous restraint of overlapping inhibitory pathways may confer TIL resistance to multiple mechanisms of suppression traditionally referred to as exhaustion, tolerance, or anergy. Although decades of work have laid a solid foundation of altered transcriptional networks underlying various subsets of hypofunctional or “dysfunctional” CD8+ T cells, an understanding of the relevance in TIL has just begun. With recent technological advances, it is now feasible to further elucidate and utilize these pathways in immunotherapy platforms that seek to increase TIL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Waugh
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Mail Stop 8333, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Sonia M Leach
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
| | - Jill E Slansky
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Mail Stop 8333, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Yamaguchi YL, Tanaka SS, Kumagai M, Fujimoto Y, Terabayashi T, Matsui Y, Nishinakamura R. Sall4 is essential for mouse primordial germ cell specification by suppressing somatic cell program genes. Stem Cells 2015; 33:289-300. [PMID: 25263278 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Spalt-like 4 (Sall4) zinc finger protein is a critical transcription factor for pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). It is also involved in the formation of a variety of organs, in mice, and humans. We report the essential roles of Sall4 in mouse primordial germ cell (PGC) specification. PGC specification is accompanied by the activation of the stem cell program and repression of the somatic cell program in progenitor cells. Conditional inactivation of Sall4 during PGC specification led to a reduction in the number of PGCs in embryonic gonads. Sall4(del/del) PGCs failed to translocate from the mesoderm to the endoderm and underwent apoptosis. In Sall4(del/del) PGC progenitors, somatic cell program genes (Hoxa1 and Hoxb1) were derepressed, while activation of the stem cell program was not impaired. We demonstrated that in differentiated ESCs, Sall4 bound to these somatic cell program gene loci, which are reportedly occupied by Prdm1 in embryonic carcinoma cells. Given that Sall4 and Prdm1 are known to associate with the histone deacetylase repressor complex, our findings suggest that Sall4 suppresses the somatic cell program possibly by recruiting the repressor complex in conjunction with Prdm1; therefore, it is essential for PGC specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuka L Yamaguchi
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Günesdogan U, Magnúsdóttir E, Surani MA. Primordial germ cell specification: a context-dependent cellular differentiation event [corrected]. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 369:rstb.2013.0543. [PMID: 25349452 PMCID: PMC4216466 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, the foundation of the germline is laid by the specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs) from the postimplantation epiblast via bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and WNT signalling. While the majority of epiblast cells undergo differentiation towards somatic cell lineages, PGCs initiate a unique cellular programme driven by the cooperation of the transcription factors BLIMP1, PRDM14 and AP2γ. These factors synergistically suppress the ongoing somatic differentiation and drive the re-expression of pluripotency and germ cell-specific genes accompanied by global epigenetic changes. However, an unresolved question is how postimplantation epiblast cells acquire the developmental competence for the PGC fate downstream of BMP/WNT signalling. One emerging concept is that transcriptional enhancers might play a central role in the establishment of developmental competence and the execution of cell fate determination. Here, we discuss recent advances on the specification and reprogramming of PGCs thereby highlighting the concept of enhancer function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Günesdogan
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK Wellcome Trust Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Erna Magnúsdóttir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - M Azim Surani
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK Wellcome Trust Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
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Martins K, Applegate B, Hagedorn B, Kennish J, Zwollo P. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate inhibits B cell proliferation and reduces the abundance of IgM-secreting cells in cultured immune tissues of the rainbow trout. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 44:332-341. [PMID: 25748607 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its active metabolite MEHP have important immunotoxic effects in mammalian species, including inhibition of cell proliferation, inflammation inhibition, lowering of the antibody response, and apoptosis. Virtually nothing is known about the potential detrimental effects of DEHP/MEHP on the teleost immune system, although phthalates are a likely threat to fish health. Here we investigated whether short-term in vitro DEHP exposure would affect B lineage cells in the rainbow trout, using cultured immune tissues. Cell culture conditions, evidence of cellular incorporation of DEHP, and possible effects of DEHP on immune genes were first established using the mouse pre-B cell line PD31 and data confirmed a dose-dependent cellular uptake of DEHP using liquid chromatography-coupled ion trap mass spectrometry. Effects of in vitro DEHP exposure on trout B cell proliferation were tested by flow cytometry. Significant, dose-dependent inhibition was evident in both anterior and posterior kidney cultures after 24 h exposure to ≥4 μM DEHP. DEHP-induced cell death was not significant for the range of DEHP tested. Further, the abundance of IgM-secreting plasmablasts and plasma cells was significantly reduced after in vitro exposure of ≥16 μM DEHP for 2 or 7 days. Finally, in vitro DEHP exposure significantly lowered the levels of secreted HCmu transcripts in a dose-dependent manner. B lineage cells from posterior kidney were more sensitive to effects of in vitro DEHP exposure than those from anterior kidney. Together, the data support a model where DEHP modifies the normal B cell activation pathways in rainbow trout, promoting B cell differentiation while suppressing plasmablast expansion, resulting in fewer IgM-secreting plasma cells. Insufficient production of protective antibody make fish more susceptible to infection, and increases their risk for disease and mortality in polluted waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Martins
- Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
| | - Ben Applegate
- Environment and Natural Resources Institute, The University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Birgit Hagedorn
- Environment and Natural Resources Institute, The University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - John Kennish
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Patty Zwollo
- Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA.
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Adaxial cell migration in the zebrafish embryo is an active cell autonomous property that requires the Prdm1a transcription factor. Differentiation 2015; 89:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Spatiotemporal expression analysis of Prdm1 and Prdm1 binding partners in early chick embryo. Gene Expr Patterns 2015; 17:56-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Cellular differentiation regulator BLIMP1 induces Epstein-Barr virus lytic reactivation in epithelial and B cells by activating transcription from both the R and Z promoters. J Virol 2014; 89:1731-43. [PMID: 25410866 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02781-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) maintains a lifelong latent infection within a subset of its host's memory B cells, while lytic EBV replication takes place in plasma cells and differentiated epithelial cells. Therefore, cellular transcription factors, such as BLIMP1, that are key mediators of differentiation likely contribute to the EBV latent-to-lytic switch. Previous reports showed that ectopic BLIMP1 expression induces reactivation in some EBV-positive (EBV(+)) B-cell lines and transcription from Zp, with all Z(+) cells in oral hairy leukoplakia being BLIMP1(+). Here, we examined BLIMP1's role in inducing EBV lytic gene expression in numerous EBV(+) epithelial and B-cell lines and activating transcription from Rp. BLIMP1 addition was sufficient to induce reactivation in latently infected epithelial cells derived from gastric cancers, nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and normal oral keratinocytes (NOK) as well as some, but not all B-cell lines. BLIMP1 strongly induced transcription from Rp as well as Zp, with there being three or more synergistically acting BLIMP1-responsive elements (BRE) within Rp. BLIMP1's DNA-binding domain was required for reactivation, but BLIMP1 did not directly bind the nucleotide (nt) -660 Rp BRE. siRNA knockdown of BLIMP1 inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced lytic reactivation in NOK-Akata cells, cells that can be reactivated by R, but not Z. Thus, we conclude that BLIMP1 expression is both necessary and sufficient to induce EBV lytic replication in many (possibly all) EBV(+) epithelial-cell types, but in only a subset of EBV(+) B-cell types; it does so, at least in part, by strongly activating expression of both EBV immediately early genes, BZLF1 and BRLF1. IMPORTANCE This study is the first one to show that the cellular transcription factor BLIMP1, a key player in both epithelial and B-cell differentiation, induces reactivation of the oncogenic herpesvirus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) out of latency into lytic replication in a variety of cancerous epithelial cell types as well as in some, but not all, B-cell types that contain this virus in a dormant state. The mechanism by which BLIMP1 does so involves strongly turning on expression of both of the immediate early genes of the virus, probably by directly acting upon the promoters as part of protein complexes or indirectly by altering the expression or activities of some cellular transcription factors and signaling pathways. The fact that EBV(+) cancers usually contain mostly undifferentiated cells may be due in part to these cells dying from lytic EBV infection when they differentiate and express wild-type BLIMP1.
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Abstract
Current dogma is that mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) segregate within the allantois, or source of the umbilical cord, and translocate to the gonads, differentiating there into sperm and eggs. In light of emerging data on the posterior embryonic-extraembryonic interface, and the poorly studied but vital fetal-umbilical connection, we have reviewed the past century of experiments on mammalian PGCs and their relation to the allantois. We demonstrate that, despite best efforts and valuable data on the pluripotent state, what is and is not a PGC in vivo is obscure. Furthermore, sufficient experimental evidence has yet to be provided either for an extragonadal origin of mammalian PGCs or for their segregation within the posterior region. Rather, most evidence points to an alternative hypothesis that PGCs in the mouse allantois are part of a stem/progenitor cell pool that exhibits all known PGC "markers" and that builds/reinforces the fetal-umbilical interface, common to amniotes. We conclude by suggesting experiments to distinguish the mammalian germ line from the soma.
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BLIMP1 is required for postnatal epidermal homeostasis but does not define a sebaceous gland progenitor under steady-state conditions. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:620-33. [PMID: 25358790 PMCID: PMC4223714 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
B-lymphocyte-induced nuclear maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1) was previously reported to define a sebaceous gland (SG) progenitor population in the epidermis. However, the recent identification of multiple stem cell populations in the hair follicle junctional zone has led us to re-evaluate its function. We show, in agreement with previous studies, that BLIMP1 is expressed by postmitotic, terminally differentiated epidermal cells within the SG, interfollicular epidermis, and hair follicle. Epidermal overexpression of c-Myc results in loss of BLIMP1(+) cells, an effect modulated by androgen signaling. Epidermal-specific deletion of Blimp1 causes multiple differentiation defects in the epidermis in addition to SG enlargement. In culture, BLIMP1(+) sebocytes have no greater clonogenic potential than BLIMP1(-) sebocytes. Finally, lineage-tracing experiments reveal that, under steady-state conditions, BLIMP1-expressing cells do not divide. Thus, rather than defining a sebocyte progenitor population, BLIMP1 functions in terminally differentiated cells to maintain homeostasis in multiple epidermal compartments.
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A gene regulatory network controls the binary fate decision of rod and bipolar cells in the vertebrate retina. Dev Cell 2014; 30:513-27. [PMID: 25155555 PMCID: PMC4304698 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) regulate critical events during development. In complex tissues, such as the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), networks likely provide the complex regulatory interactions needed to direct the specification of the many CNS cell types. Here, we dissect a GRN that regulates a binary fate decision between two siblings in the murine retina, the rod photoreceptor and bipolar interneuron. The GRN centers on Blimp1, one of the transcription factors (TFs) that regulates the rod versus bipolar cell fate decision. We identified a cis-regulatory module (CRM), B108, that mimics Blimp1 expression. Deletion of genomic B108 by CRISPR/Cas9 in vivo using electroporation abolished the function of Blimp1. Otx2 and RORβ were found to regulate Blimp1 expression via B108, and Blimp1 and Otx2 were shown to form a negative feedback loop that regulates the level of Otx2, which regulates the production of the correct ratio of rods and bipolar cells.
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Liu Z, Reba S, Chen WD, Porwal SK, Boom WH, Petersen RB, Rojas R, Viswanathan R, Devireddy L. Regulation of mammalian siderophore 2,5-DHBA in the innate immune response to infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:1197-213. [PMID: 24863067 PMCID: PMC4042634 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20132629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria can utilize a mammalian host siderophore to usurp host iron; however, the host can respond by down-regulating siderophore expression and up-regulating expression of an inhibitory siderophore-binding protein. Competition for iron influences host–pathogen interactions. Pathogens secrete small iron-binding moieties, siderophores, to acquire host iron. In response, the host secretes siderophore-binding proteins, such as lipocalin 24p3, which limit siderophore-mediated iron import into bacteria. Mammals produce 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid, a compound that resembles a bacterial siderophore. Our data suggest that bacteria use both mammalian and bacterial siderophores. In support of this idea, supplementation with mammalian siderophore enhances bacterial growth in vitro. In addition, mice lacking the mammalian siderophore resist E. coli infection. Finally, we show that the host responds to infection by suppressing siderophore synthesis while up-regulating lipocalin 24p3 expression via TLR signaling. Thus, reciprocal regulation of 24p3 and mammalian siderophore is a protective mechanism limiting microbial access to iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoming Liu
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Pathology; Department of Medicine, Tuberculosis Research Institute and Division of Infectious Diseases; and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106Case Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Pathology; Department of Medicine, Tuberculosis Research Institute and Division of Infectious Diseases; and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Scott Reba
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Pathology; Department of Medicine, Tuberculosis Research Institute and Division of Infectious Diseases; and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Suheel Kumar Porwal
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Pathology; Department of Medicine, Tuberculosis Research Institute and Division of Infectious Diseases; and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106Case Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Pathology; Department of Medicine, Tuberculosis Research Institute and Division of Infectious Diseases; and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - W Henry Boom
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Pathology; Department of Medicine, Tuberculosis Research Institute and Division of Infectious Diseases; and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Robert B Petersen
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Pathology; Department of Medicine, Tuberculosis Research Institute and Division of Infectious Diseases; and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Roxana Rojas
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Pathology; Department of Medicine, Tuberculosis Research Institute and Division of Infectious Diseases; and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Rajesh Viswanathan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Pathology; Department of Medicine, Tuberculosis Research Institute and Division of Infectious Diseases; and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - L Devireddy
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Pathology; Department of Medicine, Tuberculosis Research Institute and Division of Infectious Diseases; and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106Case Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Pathology; Department of Medicine, Tuberculosis Research Institute and Division of Infectious Diseases; and Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Fresques T, Zazueta-Novoa V, Reich A, Wessel GM. Selective accumulation of germ-line associated gene products in early development of the sea star and distinct differences from germ-line development in the sea urchin. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:568-87. [PMID: 24038550 PMCID: PMC3996927 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinodermata is a diverse phylum, a sister group to chordates, and contains diverse organisms that may be useful to understand varied mechanisms of germ-line specification. RESULTS We tested 23 genes in development of the sea star Patiria miniata that fall into five categories: (1) Conserved germ-line factors; (2) Genes involved in the inductive mechanism of germ-line specification; (3) Germ-line associated genes; (4) Molecules involved in left-right asymmetry; and (5) Genes involved in regulation and maintenance of the genome during early embryogenesis. Overall, our results support the contention that the posterior enterocoel is a source of the germ line in the sea star P. miniata. CONCLUSIONS The germ line in this organism appears to be specified late in embryogenesis, and in a pattern more consistent with inductive interactions amongst cells. This is distinct from the mechanism seen in sea urchins, a close relative of the sea star clad. We propose that P. miniata may serve as a valuable model to study inductive mechanisms of germ-cell specification and when compared with germ-line formation in the sea urchin S. purpuratus may reveal developmental transitions that occur in the evolution of inherited and inductive mechanisms of germ-line specification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adrian Reich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Gary M. Wessel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence RI 02912 USA
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