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Wang R, Zeng J, Chen L, Sun L, Wang Y, Xu J, He X. Diterpenoid WT-29 isolated from Wedelia exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117265. [PMID: 37783409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Wedelia (Sphagneticola trilobata) is a traditional anti-inflammatory herb native to tropical America. It is commonly used to treat some inflammatory related diseases clinically, such as pertussis, pharyngitis, etc. However, its specific anti-inflammatory mechanism is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY WT-29 (3α-angeloyloxy-9β-hydroxyent-kaura-16-en-19-oic acid) is a main bioactive diterpenoid isolated and purified from Wedelia. This study aims to explore the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of WT-29 on RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS and P815 cells induced by C48/80, as well as investigating their underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS The anti-inflammatory mechanism of WT-29 was analyzed and predicted using network pharmacology, and then verified through experiments. The Griess reagent assay was employed to evaluate the impact of WT-29 on the generation of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS, the expression of various inflammatory cytokines and the release of histamine in cells were measured through qRT-PCR and ELISA techniques. The impact of WT-29 on the translocation of the NF-κB p65 protein to the nucleus was assessed through immunofluorescence staining. Western blot technique was utilized to investigate protein expression in inflammation, allergy, and autophagy pathways. RESULTS The study found that WT-29 can reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors (NO, iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α), inhibit NF-κB activation and MAPK family phosphorylation, and induce autophagy in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS. In addition, it demonstrated that WT-29 could inhibit histamine release and degranulation, as well as inhibit the MAPK family in C48/80-induced P815 cells. CONCLUSION WT-29 isolated from Wedelia exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects mainly through NF-κB, Nrf2/Keap-1, MAPK pathways and regulating of autophagy, suggesting that it might be a potential anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic agent and could be used as medicine or health benefit product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jia Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Lianlian Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jingwen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Yan LS, Cheng BCY, Wang YW, Zhang SF, Qiu XY, Kang JY, Zhang C, Jia ZH, Luo G, Zhang Y. Xuelian injection ameliorates complete Freund's adjuvant-induced acute arthritis in rats via inhibiting TLR4 signaling. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21635. [PMID: 38027703 PMCID: PMC10658240 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Xuelian injection (XI), a classic preparation extracted from Saussureae Involucratae Herba, has been clinically used to manage rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for nearly twenty years in China. However, the underlying anti-RA mechanism of XI remains unclear. In this study, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced acute arthritic model was used to examine the anti-RA effects of XI in vivo. The molecular mechanisms of this action were further investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods XI and XI freeze dried powder were characterized by UPLC analysis. CD68 and TLR4 expression in the ankle joints was measured by immunohistochemistry. The secretion of inflammatory mediators was detected by ELISA. The expression levels of TLR4 involved components were measured by Western blotting. The localization of transcription factors was measured by immunofluorescence assay. Results XI treatment ameliorated arthritic symptoms induced by CFA in the ankle joints of rats. The serum levels of inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, MCP-1, and Rantes were decreased by XI treatment. The elevation of CD68 and TLR4 levels in ankle joints caused by CFA was suppressed by XI treatment. Moreover, XI treatment inhibited the secretion of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in LPS-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. The expression of their enzymes iNOS and COX-2 was also decreased after XI treatment. The production of inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and Rantes was reduced by XI treatment in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK, TBK1, IKKα/β, IκB, p65, c-Jun, and IRF3 was reduced after XI treatment. Additionally, the expression levels of nuclear proteins of p65, c-Jun, and IRF3 were inhibited by XI treatment. Conclusions Taken together, XI possesses potential anti-RA effect and the underlying mechanism may be closely associated with the inhibition of TLR4 signaling. Our findings provide further pharmacological justifications for the clinical use of XI in RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shan Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | | | - Yi-Wei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Shuo-Feng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xin-Yu Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jian-Ying Kang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zhan-Hong Jia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Gan Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
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Silva M, Brand A, Novaes F, Rezende C. Cafestol, Kahweol and Their Acylated Derivatives: Antitumor Potential, Pharmacokinetics, and Chemopreventive Profile. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2141776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.A.E. Silva
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A.L.M. Brand
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F.J.M. Novaes
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - C.M Rezende
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Liu F, Gao X, Li Z, Zhang X, Fan H, Yu G, Bello BK, Feng X, Li D, Teng D, Chen Y, Zhao P, Fu M, Dong J. Protective Effects of Scutellarin on Acute Alcohol Intestinal Injury. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100856. [PMID: 35263019 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the roles of scutellarin (SCU) on acute alcohol intestinal injury. Mice were divided into six groups: alcohol, three administration, negative control and positive drug bifendate control. The administration group mice were intraperitoneally injected with SCU for 3 consecutive days followed by alcohol gavage at an interval of 1 h. After the mice were sacrificed, colon tissue damage was evaluated by histopathological examination; the activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and catalase (CAT), as well as the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected using biochemical kits; the levels of inflammatory cytokines mRNA were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR; the protein expression levels of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and phosphorylated nuclear factor-ĸB p65 were measured via western blotting. The results showed that alcohol induced severe colon morphological degradation, epithelia atrophy, and more inflammatory cells infiltration in the submucosa. SCU treatment prevented this process, especially in the middle and high dose groups. Alcohol treatment caused excessive lipid peroxidation product accumulation of MDA, restrained the activity of antioxidant enzyme CAT, induced HO-1 expression in the colon, whereas low dose SCU treatment significantly down-regulated the MDA level, enhanced the CAT level, and accelerated HO-1 signals. SCU prevented alcohol stimulation triggered inflammatory response in colon tissues through significantly downregulating the iNOS activity, transcript levels of Tnf-α, Il-1β and Il-6, and phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65. These findings suggest that SCU protects the colon via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, making it a promising drug against alcohol-induced colon damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixue Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xuzhu Gao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Zhixing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Guili Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Babatunde Kazeem Bello
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Debang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Daoyang Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - PanPan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Mian Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
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Tasinov O, Dincheva I, Badjakov I, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Galunska B, Nogueiras R, Ivanova D. Phytochemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and ER Stress-Reducing Potential of Sambucus ebulus L. Fruit Extract. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112446. [PMID: 34834808 PMCID: PMC8623228 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sambucus ebulus L. (SE) fruits are used for their immunostimulation, hematopoietic and antiviral potential. Recently, we focused on analyzing the mechanism underlying SE fruit aqueous extract's (FAE) immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory activities, with attention to its endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-reducing potential. J774A.1 macrophages were treated with SE FAE alone or in conditions of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. Using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS, its phytochemical composition was analyzed. To measure transcription and protein levels, we used qPCR and Western blot, respectively. The prevailing phytochemicals in SE FAE were hydroxycinnamic acids, proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins. The content of some amino acids, organic acids, alcohols, fatty acids and esters were newly reported. Extracts exerted an immunostimulation potential by stimulating IL-6, TNFα, Ccl2, COX2 and iNOS transcription, without inducing ER stress. SE FAE suppressed the LPS-induced transcription of inflammation related genes (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, Ccl2, Icam-1, Fabp4, COX2, iNOS, Noxo1, IL-1ra, Sirt-1) and reduced the protein levels of iNOS, peIF2α, ATF6α and CHOP. The effects were comparable to that of salicylic acid. SE suppresses LPS-stimulated inflammatory markers on the transcription and translation levels. Targeting ER stress is possibly another mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory potential. These findings reveal the potential of SE fruits as a beneficial therapeutic of inflammation and ER stress-related pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskan Tasinov
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 84B Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (Y.K.-K.); (B.G.); (D.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-896-036961
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dr. Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Ilian Badjakov
- AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dr. Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.D.); (I.B.)
| | - Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 84B Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (Y.K.-K.); (B.G.); (D.I.)
| | - Bistra Galunska
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 84B Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (Y.K.-K.); (B.G.); (D.I.)
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Department of Physiology, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 84B Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (Y.K.-K.); (B.G.); (D.I.)
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Guo C, Guo D, Fang L, Sang T, Wu J, Guo C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen C, Chen J, Chen R, Wang X. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide modulates gut microbiota and immune cell function to inhibit inflammation and tumorigenesis in colon. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 267:118231. [PMID: 34119183 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from the sporoderm-removed spores of Ganoderma lucidum (GLP) against AOM/DSS-induced inflammation, tumorigenesis, and gut microbiota modification, which has never been reported before. Our data revealed that GLP (200 and 300 mg/kg) decreased AOM/DSS-induced colitis and tumorigenesis, manifested by significantly reduced disease activity index score, and total number and size of tumors. Furthermore, GLP ameliorated AOM/DSS-induced microbiota dysbiosis, increased short-chain fatty acid production, and alleviated endotoxemia by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling. Besides, GLP profoundly improved gut barrier function as evidenced by increased numbers of goblet cells, MUC2 secretion, and tight junction protein expressions. GLP treatment inhibited macrophage infiltration and downregulated IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2 expressions. Additionally, GLP inhibited lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation markers and MAPK (JNK and ERK) activation in macrophage RAW264.7, intestinal HT-29, and NCM460 cells. In conclusion, these results indicate that GLP is a promising prebiotic for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiling Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Dandan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Liu Fang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Tingting Sang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chengjie Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yujie Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chaojie Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xingya Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Effect of NIR Laser Therapy by MLS-MiS Source on Fibroblast Activation by Inflammatory Cytokines in Relation to Wound Healing. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030307. [PMID: 33809724 PMCID: PMC8002295 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The fine control of inflammation following injury avoids fibrotic scars or impaired wounds. Due to side effects by anti-inflammatory drugs, the research is continuously active to define alternative therapies. Among them, physical countermeasures such as photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) are considered effective and safe. To study the cellular and molecular events associated with the anti-inflammatory activity of PBMT by a dual-wavelength NIR laser source, human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to a mix of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) followed by laser treatment once a day for three days. Inducible inflammatory key enzymatic pathways, as iNOS and COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2, were upregulated by the cytokine mix while PBMT reverted their levels and activities. The same behavior was observed with the proangiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), involved in neovascularization of granulation tissue. From a molecular point of view, PBMT retained NF-kB cytoplasmatic localization. According to a change in cell morphology, differences in expression and distribution of fundamental cytoskeletal proteins were observed following treatments. Tubulin, F-actin, and α-SMA changed their organization upon cytokine stimulation, while PBMT reestablished the basal localization. Cytoskeletal rearrangements occurring after inflammatory stimuli were correlated with reorganization of membrane α5β1 and fibronectin network as well as with their upregulation, while PBMT induced significant downregulation. Similar changes were observed for collagen I and the gelatinolytic enzyme MMP-1. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the proposed NIR laser therapy is effective in controlling fibroblast activation induced by IL-1β and TNF-α, likely responsible for a deleterious effect of persistent inflammation.
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Rahman SU, Huang Y, Zhu L, Chu X, Junejo SA, Zhang Y, Khan IM, Li Y, Feng S, Wu J, Wang X. Tea polyphenols attenuate liver inflammation by modulating obesity-related genes and down-regulating COX-2 and iNOS expression in high fat-fed dogs. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:234. [PMID: 32641048 PMCID: PMC7346471 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tea polyphenols (TPs) attenuate obesity related liver inflammation; however, the anti-obesity effects and anti-inflammatory mechanisms are not clearly understood. This study aimed to determine whether the anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory TPs mechanisms associated with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression levels, and obesity-related gene response in dogs. Results Dogs fed TPs displayed significantly decreased (p < 0.01) mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) compared to dogs that consumed high-fat diet (HFD) alone. TPs significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited COX-2 and iNOS expression level, and decreased liver fat content and degeneration. Conclusion These results suggested that TPs act as a therapeutic agent for obesity, liver inflammation, and fat degeneration via COX-2 and iNOS inhibition, with TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ur Rahman
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shahid Ahmed Junejo
- School of Tea and Food Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ibrar Muhammad Khan
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shibin Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xichun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China.
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del Mundo CR, Castillo AL, An SSA, Tan MA. In vivo COX-2 modulation and metabolite profiling of Pandanus tectorius leaves extracts. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:90. [PMID: 32089985 PMCID: PMC7000581 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pandanus tectorius methanolic (PTM) and P. tectorius aqueous (PTA) extracts were investigated for their potential in vivo anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Parameters including paw thickness measurement, histopathological, and immunohistochemical cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression analyses were measured and analyzed. PTA at 500 mg/kg significantly reduced inflammation after induction of carrageenan (Carr), with mean paw thickness change of 0.110 ± 0.024 mm at sixth hour post-induction and histopathological mean inflammatory grade of 1.80 ± 0.20. The reduced immunohistochemical COX-2 expression using PTA at 500 mg/kg was determined with mean final 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) intensity of 63.70 ± 2.08. The profiling of metabolites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) revealed presence of ethyl caffeate and dihydroconiferyl alcohol as putative secondary metabolites of PTA which were the major peaks and have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activities. This research has provided scientific insights of utilizing P. tectorius as a potential anti-inflammatory agent containing secondary metabolites which may be pharmacologically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crisfel R. del Mundo
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- School of Pharmacy, Centro Escolar University, Manila, Philippines
| | - Agnes L. Castillo
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Mario A. Tan
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
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Korani M, Jamshidi M. The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Trachyspermum ammi Seeds and Ibuprofen on Inflammatory Gene Expression in the Cartilage Tissue of Rats with Collagen-Induced Arthritis. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:133-139. [PMID: 32184646 PMCID: PMC7053820 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s236242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease treated with nonsteroidal anti–inflammatory drugs that have different side effects. One of the plants used for this purpose in the traditional medicine is Trachyspermum ammi. The present study aimed at investigating the anti–inflammatory effect of this plant on type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods The study was performed on 35 male Wistar rats. Seven rats were considered as the healthy control group (normal group), and CIA was stablished in the rest. The rats with a model of inflammatory arthritis were divided into four groups. One group did not receive any treatment and three groups were treated orally with ibuprofen (15 mg/kg), aqueous extract of the T. ammi seeds (100 mg/kg), or their combination for 30 days. The effect of different treatments was investigated on the paw thickness, arthritis score, and mRNA level of COX2 and iNOS genes. Results CIA increased paw thickness, arthritis score, and COX2 and iNOS mRNA levels compared to those of the normal group. Treatment with ibuprofen and aqueous extract alone or in combination reduced the studied variables. Reduction in the paw thickness, arthritis score, and iNOS mRNA level was more in the ibuprofen-treated group than the T. ammi extract-treated group, but treatment with T. ammi extract reduced COX2 mRNA level more than ibuprofen. Conclusion It seems that the aqueous extract of T. ammi can be used alone or in combination with ibuprofen to treat RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Korani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisoning Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadnabi Jamshidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Aggarwal V, Tuli HS, Thakral F, Singhal P, Aggarwal D, Srivastava S, Pandey A, Sak K, Varol M, Khan MA, Sethi G. Molecular mechanisms of action of hesperidin in cancer: Recent trends and advancements. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:486-497. [PMID: 32050794 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220903671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hesperidin belongs to flavanones class of flavonoids and is known to possess broad-spectrum applicability to prevent dreadful diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. The reported anticancer effects of hesperidin have been found to be associated with its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Hesperidin interacts with numerous recognized cellular targets and inhibits cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In addition, evidence has suggested its promising role in inhibiting tumor cell metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance. The present mini-review highlights the ongoing development to identify hesperidin targets in cancer. Furthermore, the potential of nano technology-based hesperidin combinations and delivery systems will also be discussed. Overall, this review highlights all the possible molecular targets affected by hesperidin in tumor cells on a single platform. Impact statement Experimental findings from numerous studies have demonstrated the anticancer effects of hesperidin (Hesp) to be associated with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities along with its potential role in inhibiting the tumor cell metastasis and angiogenesis. Additionally, Hesp can also reverse drug resistance of cancer cells, which make it a promising candidate to be used in combination with existing anti-cancer drugs. This review will be helpful for upcoming researchers and scientific community to find out complete capsular package about cancer drug targets of Hesp and its role in modulating various important hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Hardeep S Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala 133207, India
| | - Falak Thakral
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala 133207, India
| | - Paavan Singhal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala 133207, India
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala 133207, India
| | - Saumya Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, MNNIT Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India
| | - Anjana Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, MNNIT Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India
| | | | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla TR48000, Turkey
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
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12
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Sheng J, Sun H, Yu FB, Li B, Zhang Y, Zhu YT. The Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1095-1101. [PMID: 32410839 PMCID: PMC7211146 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.44439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third common cancer in this world, accounting for more than 1 million cases each year. However, detailed etiology and mechanism of colorectal cancer have not been fully understood. For example, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) have been closely linked to its occurrence, progression and prognosis. However, the mechanisms on how COX-2 and PGE2-mediate the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer are obscure. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in studies of pathogenesis and control in colorectal cancer to assist further advances in the research for the cure of the cancer. In addition, the knowledge gained may also guide the audiences for reduction of the risk and control of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, China
| | - Hong Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Fu-Bing Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Tissue Tech Inc, Miami, Florida 33032, USA
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13
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COX-2 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1277:87-104. [PMID: 33119867 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50224-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multistep, complicated process, and many studies have been completed over the last few decades to elucidate this process. Increasingly, many studies have shifted focus toward the critical role of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which consists of cellular players, cell-cell communications, and extracellular matrix (ECM). In the TME, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been found to be a key molecule mediating the microenvironment changes. COX-2 is an inducible form of the enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into the signal transduction molecules (thromboxanes and prostaglandins). COX-2 is frequently expressed in many types of cancers and has been closely linked to its occurrence, progression, and prognosis. For example, COX-2 has been shown to (1) regulate tumor cell growth, (2) promote tissue invasion and metastasis, (3) inhibit apoptosis, (4) suppress antitumor immunity, and (5) promote sustainable angiogenesis. In this chapter, we summarize recent advances of studies that have evaluated COX-2 signaling in TME.
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14
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Abdolahi M, Jafarieh A, Sarraf P, Sedighiyan M, Yousefi A, Tafakhori A, Abdollahi H, Salehinia F, Djalali M. The Neuromodulatory Effects of ω-3 Fatty Acids and Nano-Curcumin on the COX-2/ iNOS Network in Migraines: A Clinical Trial Study from Gene Expression to Clinical Symptoms. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:874-884. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190212170140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Migraine is a common neuroinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent
attacks of pain. Human and experimental models of migraine studies have demonstrated the role
played by COX-2/ iNOS in migraine’s neuroinflammatory pathogenesis. COX-2 and iNOS are closely
linked and both contribute to inflammation and neurogenic pain in the central nervous system. Omega-
3 fatty acids and curcumin, an active polyphenol of turmeric, have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective
effects through several mechanisms, including the suppression of COX-2 and iNOS gene expression,
as well as their serum levels. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the nutrigenomic effects
of ω-3 fatty acids, nano-curcumin, and a combination of the two, on neuroinflammation and clinical
symptoms in migraine patients.
Methods:
This study reports the results of a clinical trial over a 2-month period, involving 74 episodic
migraine patients who received ω-3 fatty acids, nano-curcumin, a combination of them, or a placebo.
At the start and end of the study, the expression of COX-2/iNOS (in peripheral mononuclear blood
cells isolated from patients) and COX-2/iNOS serum levels were measured, using real-time PCR and
ELISA respectively. The frequency, severity and duration of pain attacks were also recorded.
Results:
The results of the present trial showed that ω-3 fatty acids and nano-curcumin can reinforce
each other’s effects in the downregulation of COX-2/iNOS mRNA, as well as reduce their serum levels.
In addition, the combination of ω-3 and nano-curcumin significantly reduced the frequency, severity
and duration of headaches (P<0.05).
Conclusion:
These findings indicate that combination therapy of ω-3 fatty acids and nano-curcumin
can be considered as a promising new approach in migraine prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Abdolahi
- AmirAlam Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Jafarieh
- AmirAlam Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Sarraf
- Iranian Centre of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sedighiyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Yousefi
- AmirAlam Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Iranian Centre of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Abdollahi
- AmirAlam Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Salehinia
- AmirAlam Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Schaeuble K, Cannelle H, Favre S, Huang HY, Oberle SG, Speiser DE, Zehn D, Luther SA. Attenuation of chronic antiviral T-cell responses through constitutive COX2-dependent prostanoid synthesis by lymph node fibroblasts. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000072. [PMID: 31306410 PMCID: PMC6657915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid T-zone fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) actively promote T-cell trafficking, homeostasis, and expansion but can also attenuate excessive T-cell responses via inducible nitric oxide (NO) and constitutive prostanoid release. It remains unclear how these FRC-derived mediators dampen T-cell responses and whether this occurs in vivo. Here, we confirm that murine lymph node (LN) FRCs produce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2)-dependent and inflammation-independent fashion. We show that this COX2/PGE2 pathway is active during both strong and weak T-cell responses, in contrast to NO, which only comes into play during strong T-cell responses. During chronic infections in vivo, PGE2-receptor signaling in virus-specific cluster of differentiation (CD)8 cytotoxic T cells was shown by others to suppress T-cell survival and function. Using COX2flox/flox mice crossed to mice expressing Cre recombinase expression under control of the CC chemokine ligand (CCL19) promoter (CCL19cre), we now identify CCL19+ FRC as the critical source of this COX2-dependent suppressive factor, suggesting PGE2-expressing FRCs within lymphoid tissues are an interesting therapeutic target to improve T-cell–mediated pathogen control during chronic infection. Fibroblasts in secondary lymphoid organs can be active participants in adaptive immunity, often enhancing T-cell responses. This study shows how these fibroblasts dampen T-cell responses via the constitutive production of the COX2-dependent prostaglandin PGE2, including during persistent viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schaeuble
- Center for Immunity and Infection Lausanne, Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Cannelle
- Center for Immunity and Infection Lausanne, Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Favre
- Center for Immunity and Infection Lausanne, Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Hsin-Ying Huang
- Center for Immunity and Infection Lausanne, Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Susanne G Oberle
- Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Center for Immunity and Infection Lausanne, Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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16
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Abstract
Eicosanoids are bioactive lipids that play crucial roles in various pathophysiological conditions, including inflammation and cancer. They include both the COX-derived prostaglandins and the LOX-derived leukotrienes. Furthermore, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways family of receptor tyrosine kinases also are known to play a central role in the tumorigenesis. Various antitumor modalities have been approved cancer treatments that target therapeutically the COX-2 and EGFR pathways; these include selective COX-2 inhibitors and EGFR monoclonal antibodies. Research has shown that the COX-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor pathways actively interact with each other in order to orchestrate carcinogenesis. This has been used to justify a targeted combinatorial approach aimed at these two pathways. Although combined therapies have been found to have a greater antitumor effect than the administration of single agent, this does not exempt them from the possible fatal cardiac effects that are associated with COX-2 inhibition. In this review, we delineate the contribution of HB-EGF, an important EGFR ligand, to the cardiac dysfunction related to decreased shedding of HB-EGF after COX-2/PGE2 inhibition. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these cardiac side effects will make possible more effective regimens that use the dual-targeting approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chieh Yang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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17
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Gil-Martín E, Egea J, Reiter RJ, Romero A. The emergence of melatonin in oncology: Focus on colorectal cancer. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2239-2285. [PMID: 30950095 DOI: 10.1002/med.21582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Within the last few decades, melatonin has increasingly emerged in clinical oncology as a naturally occurring bioactive molecule with substantial anticancer properties and a pharmacological profile optimal for joining the currently available pharmacopeia. In addition, extensive experimental data shows that this chronobiotic agent exerts oncostatic effects throughout all stages of tumor growth, from initial cell transformation to mitigation of malignant progression and metastasis; additionally, melatonin alleviates the side effects and improves the welfare of radio/chemotherapy-treated patients. Thus, the support of clinicians and oncologists for the use of melatonin in both the treatment and proactive prevention of cancer is gaining strength. Because of its epidemiological importance and symptomatic debut in advanced stages of difficult clinical management, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a preferential target for testing new therapies. In this regard, the development of effective forms of clinical intervention for the improvement of CRC outcome, specifically metastatic CRC, is urgent. At the same time, the need to reduce the costs of conventional anti-CRC therapy results is also imperative. In light of this status quo, the therapeutic potential of melatonin, and the direct and indirect critical processes of CRC malignancy it modulates, have aroused much interest. To illuminate the imminent future on CRC research, we focused our attention on the molecular mechanisms underlying the multiple oncostatic actions displayed by melatonin in the onset and evolution of CRC and summarized epidemiological evidence, as well as in vitro, in vivo and clinical findings that support the broadly protective potential demonstrated by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Gil-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO, 'Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia'), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Kim YM, Park EJ, Kim HJ, Chang KC. Sirt1 S-nitrosylation induces acetylation of HMGB1 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells and endotoxemic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:73-79. [PMID: 29680657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Excessive inflammation plays a detrimental role in endotoxemia. A recent study indicated that alarmins such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) have drawn attention as therapeutic targets of sepsis. Post-translational modification (i.e., acetylation of lysine residues) of HMGB1 leads to the release of HMGB1 into the cellular space, operating as a warning signal that induces inflammation. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been shown to negatively regulate HMGB1 hyperacetylation and its extracellular release in sepsis. Therefore, we hypothesized that the S-nitrosylation (SNO) of SIRT1 may disrupt the ability of SIRT1 to negatively regulate the hyperacetylation of HMGB1. As long as the S-nitrosylation of SIRT1 occurs during septic conditions, it may worsen the situation. We found that the activity of SIRT1 decreased as the SNO-SIRT1 levels increased, resulting in HMGB1 release by LPS in RAW264.7 cells. Both the iNOS inhibitor (1400 W) and silencing iNOS significantly inhibited SNO-SIRT1, allowing increases in SIRT1 activity that decreased the HMGB1 release by LPS. SNAP, a NO donor, significantly increased both SNO-SIRT1 levels and the HMGB1 release that was accompanied by decreased sirt1 activity. However, sirtinol, a Sirt1 inhibitor, by itself decreased Sirt1 activity compared to that of the control, so that it did not affect already increased SNO-SIRT levels by SNAP. Most importantly, in lung tissues of LPS-endotoxic mice, significantly increased levels of SNO-SIRT were found, which was inhibited by 1400 W treatment. Plasma nitrite and HMGB1 levels were significantly higher than those in the sham controls, and the elevated levels were significantly lowered in the presence of 1400 W. We concluded that the S-nitrosylation of Sirt1 under endotoxic conditions may uninhibit the acetylation of HMGB1 and its extracellular release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Gyeongsang National University and Institute of Health Sciences, Jinju 660-290, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Gyeongsang National University and Institute of Health Sciences, Jinju 660-290, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Gyeongsang National University and Institute of Health Sciences, Jinju 660-290, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Churl Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine Gyeongsang National University and Institute of Health Sciences, Jinju 660-290, Republic of Korea.
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Yu SX, Chen W, Liu ZZ, Zhou FH, Yan SQ, Hu GQ, Qin XX, Zhang J, Ma K, Du CT, Gu JM, Deng XM, Han WY, Yang YJ. Non-Hematopoietic MLKL Protects Against Salmonella Mucosal Infection by Enhancing Inflammasome Activation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:119. [PMID: 29456533 PMCID: PMC5801401 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosal barrier is critical for host defense against pathogens infection. Here, we demonstrate that the mixed lineage kinase-like protein (MLKL), a necroptosis effector, promotes intestinal epithelial barrier function by enhancing inflammasome activation. MLKL−/− mice were more susceptible to Salmonella infection compared with wild-type counterparts, with higher mortality rates, increased body weight loss, exacerbated intestinal inflammation, more bacterial colonization, and severe epithelial barrier disruption. MLKL deficiency promoted early epithelial colonization of Salmonella prior to developing apparent intestinal pathology. Active MLKL was predominantly expressed in crypt epithelial cells, and experiments using bone marrow chimeras found that the protective effects of MLKL were dependent on its expression in non-hematopoietic cells. Intestinal mucosa of MLKL−/− mice had impaired caspase-1 and gasdermin D cleavages and decreased interleukin (IL)-18 release. Moreover, administration of exogenous recombinant IL-18 rescued the phenotype of increased bacterial colonization in MLKL−/− mice. Thus, our results uncover the role of MLKL in enhancing inflammasome activation in intestinal epithelial cells to inhibit early bacterial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Xing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng-Hua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shi-Qing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-Qiu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Qin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chong-Tao Du
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing-Min Gu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu-Ming Deng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-Yu Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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20
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Eslami SM, Ghasemi M, Bahremand T, Momeny M, Gholami M, Sharifzadeh M, Dehpour AR. Involvement of nitrergic system in anticonvulsant effect of zolpidem in lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus: Evaluation of iNOS and COX-2 genes expression. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:454-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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21
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Chou YC, Suh JH, Wang Y, Pahwa M, Badmaev V, Ho CT, Pan MH. Boswellia serrata resin extract alleviates azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon tumorigenesis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28245338 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Boswellia serrata (BS) resin is a popular dietary supplement for joint nourishment. In this study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of dietary BS extract and its impact of gut microbiota on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Male ICR mice were injected with AOM and 2% DSS via drinking water. The mice were fed with 0.25 or 0.5% BS extract, and colonic tissue were collected at 15 weeks. The main effective components of BS supercritical CO2 extraction were analyzed by LC-MS/MS are boswellic acids. We found that treatment with BS extract significantly reduce the colonic tumor formation. Western blot and histological analysis revealed that dietary BS extract could markedly reduce the inflammation associated protein levels expression. Furthermore, BS extract reduced cell proliferation via inhibiting phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and downregulation of cyclin D1. In addition, BS extract also altered the composition of gut microbiota by enhancing the proportion of Clostridiales and reducing the percentage of Bacteroidales. CONCLUSION In summary, BS extract decreased the protein levels of inflammative enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in colonic mucosa. It also mediated Akt/GSK3β/cyclin D1 signaling pathway and altered the composition of gut microbiota to alleviate tumor growth. Taken together, this study suggests that BS extract has great potential to suppress colon tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chun Chou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Joon Hyuk Suh
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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RAGE-TLR Crosstalk Sustains Chronic Inflammation in Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1463-1476. [PMID: 28168427 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory reactions are consistenly present in neurodegeneration of Alzheimer type and are considered important factors that accelerate progression of the disease. Receptors of innate immunity participate in triggering and driving inflammatory reactions. For example, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE), major receptors of innate immunity, play a central role in perpetuation of inflammation. RAGE activation should be perceived as a primary mechanism which determines self-perpetuated chronic inflammation, and RAGE cooperation with TLRs amplifies inflammatory signaling. In this review, we highlight and discuss that RAGE-TLR crosstalk emerges as an important driving force of chronic inflammation in Alzheimer's disease.
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Koike A, Shibano M, Mori H, Kohama K, Fujimori K, Amano F. Simultaneous Addition of Shikonin and Its Derivatives with Lipopolysaccharide Induces Rapid Macrophage Death. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:969-76. [PMID: 27251498 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play pivotal roles in inflammatory responses. Previous studies showed that various natural products exert antiinflammatory effects by regulating macrophage activation. Recent studies have shown that shikonin (SHK) and its derivatives (β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin, acetylshikonin, and isobutylshikonin), which are 1,4-naphthoquinone pigments extracted from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, have various pharmacological, including antiinflammatory and antitumor, effects. Even though there have been many studies on the antiinflammatory activities of SHK derivatives, only a few have described their direct effects on macrophages. We investigated the effects of SHK derivatives on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophages. Low doses of SHK derivatives induced significant macrophage cytotoxicity (mouse macrophage-like J774.1/JA-4 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages) in the presence of LPS. SHK activated caspases-3 and -7, which led to DNA fragmentation, but this cytotoxicity was prevented through a pan-caspase inhibitor in LPS-treated JA-4 cells. Maximal cytotoxic effects were achieved when SHK was added immediately before LPS addition. These results indicate that SHK derivatives induce caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death of LPS-treated macrophages and suggest that SHK acts during an early stage of LPS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Koike
- Laboratory of Biodefense & Regulation, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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24
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Liu Y, Sun H, Hu M, Zhang Y, Chen S, Tighe S, Zhu Y. The Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2016; 16:165-172. [PMID: 27810226 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a major worldwide health care problem that accounts for 1 million new cases each year. The risk factors for this disease include hereditary factors, environmental agents, and inflammatory stimuli that affect the gastrointestinal tract. Among these risk factors, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is one of the major players in the progression of colorectal cancer; however, the detailed mechanism of its role in causing colorectal cancer is still not well understood. In addition, the role of COX-2 signaling through the interaction in the epithelial and stromal compartments on colorectal carcinogenesis has not been fully illustrated. In the present review, we provide published evidence to demonstrate that (1) COX-2 signaling plays a major role in the progression of colorectal cancer, (2) activation of COX-2 in the stromal compartment also contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis, and (3) inhibition of COX-2 signaling by COX-2 inhibitors might be an effective method to control colorectal cancer. We have also summarized recent advances and insights from mechanistic studies of colorectal cancer to help prevent and control this deadly disease and provide our opinion regarding the importance of risk reduction and disease prevention for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Hu
- The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Research and Development Department, Tissue Tech, Inc., Miami, FL
| | - Shuangling Chen
- Research and Development Department, Tissue Tech, Inc., Miami, FL
| | - Sean Tighe
- Research and Development Department, Tissue Tech, Inc., Miami, FL
| | - Yingting Zhu
- Research and Development Department, Tissue Tech, Inc., Miami, FL.
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25
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Su CW, Zhang Y, Zhu YT. Stromal COX-2 signaling are correlated with colorectal cancer: A review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 107:33-38. [PMID: 27823649 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) play a critical role in development and progression of colorectal cancer. Yet the detailed mechanistic pathways of COX-2 mediated signaling are still controversial and the role of COX-2 interaction in epithelial-stromal compartments on colorectal carcinogenesis is not well-understood either. In this review, we provide experimental evidence to support that (1) COX-2 signaling plays a major role in development and progression of colorectal cancer; (2) Stromal fibroblasts are a major source of COX-2 and PGE2; (3) Stromal-epithelial interaction mediated by COX-2 signaling promotes colorectal carcinogenesis and (4) Inhibition of stromal COX-2 signaling is necessary to control colorectal cancer. In conclusion, the evidences summarized in the review reflect recent advances and insight in mechanistic studies of colorectal cancer which can help the audiences to further understand the etiology and the control of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Su
- R&D Department, TissueTech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Dalian Central Hospital, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying-Ting Zhu
- R&D Department, TissueTech, Inc., Ocular Surface Center, Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, FL, USA.
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26
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Muthu R, Selvaraj N, Vaiyapuri M. Anti-inflammatory and proapoptotic effects of umbelliferone in colon carcinogenesis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:1041-54. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115618245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious health problem throughout the world. 5-Flurouracil, the first-line chemotherapy of colorectal cancer often produces more toxicity to neighboring cells; however, it is still used for CRC treatment. To overcome this, umbelliferone (UMB), a less toxic bioflavonoid has been used to test its anticancer effects on animal model. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the anticancer activity of UMB on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced rat colon tumorigenesis to determine the development of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), agyrophylic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs), mast cell recruitment, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and also study the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and apoptotic markers. DMH-induced rats showed increased ACF number (incidence), multiplicity and its distribution, counts of AgNORs, mast cells, inflammatory markers and apoptotic proteins. Interestingly, UMB supplementation to DMH-induced rats (group 4) significantly ( p < 0.05) suppressed ACF development, AgNORs, mast cells, and inflammatory markers and increased the apoptotic markers as compared to DMH-induced rats (group 2). We concluded that UMB is a potential anticancer agent that can be used for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Muthu
- Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Vaiyapuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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27
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Singh AK, Vinayak M. Anti-Nociceptive Effect of Resveratrol During Inflammatory Hyperalgesia via Differential Regulation of pro-Inflammatory Mediators. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1164-71. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Kumar Singh
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Study in Zoology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
| | - Manjula Vinayak
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Study in Zoology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi India
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28
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Kim SH, Hashimoto Y, Cho SN, Roszik J, Milton DR, Dal F, Kim SF, Menter DG, Yang P, Ekmekcioglu S, Grimm EA. Microsomal PGE2 synthase-1 regulates melanoma cell survival and associates with melanoma disease progression. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:297-308. [PMID: 26801201 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
COX-2 and its product PGE2 enhance carcinogenesis and tumor progression, which has been previously reported in melanoma. As most COX inhibitors cause much toxicity, the downstream microsomal PGE2 synthase-1 (mPGES1) is a consideration for targeting. Human melanoma TMAs were employed for testing mPGES1 protein staining intensity and percentage levels, and both increased with clinical stage; employing a different Stage III TMA, mPGES1 intensity (not percentage) associated with reduced patient survival. Our results further show that iNOS was also highly expressed in melanoma tissues with high mPGES1 levels, and iNOS-mediated NO promoted mPGES1 expression and PGE2 production. An mPGES1-specific inhibitor (CAY10526) as well as siRNA attenuated cell survival and increased apoptosis. CAY10526 significantly suppressed tumor growth and increased apoptosis in melanoma xenografts. Our findings support the value of a prognostic and predictive role for mPGES1, and suggest targeting this molecule in the PGE2 pathway as another avenue toward improving melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Kim
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuuri Hashimoto
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sung-Nam Cho
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Denái R Milton
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fulya Dal
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sangwon F Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perlman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of General Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suhendan Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Grimm
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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29
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Santhanam S, Alvarado DM, Ciorba MA. Therapeutic targeting of inflammation and tryptophan metabolism in colon and gastrointestinal cancer. Transl Res 2016; 167:67-79. [PMID: 26297050 PMCID: PMC4684437 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Cytotoxic therapies cause significant adverse effects for most patients and do not offer cure in many advanced cases of CRC. Immunotherapy is a promising new approach to harness the body's own immune system and inflammatory response to attack and clear the cancer. Tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway (KP) is a particularly promising target for immunotherapy. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is the most well studied of the enzymes that initiate this pathway and it is commonly overexpressed in CRC. Herein, we provide an in-depth review of how tryptophan metabolism and KP metabolites shape factors important to CRC pathogenesis including the host mucosal immune system, pivotal transcriptional pathways of neoplastic growth, and luminal microbiota. This pathway's role in other gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies such as gastric, pancreatic, esophageal, and GI stromal tumors is also discussed. Finally, we highlight how currently available small molecule inhibitors and emerging methods for therapeutic targeting of IDO1 might be applied to colon, rectal, and colitis-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Santhanam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Mo
| | - David M Alvarado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Mo
| | - Matthew A Ciorba
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Mo.
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30
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Nicotine-induced cellular stresses and autophagy in human cancer colon cells: A supportive effect on cell homeostasis via up-regulation of Cox-2 and PGE(2) production. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 65:239-56. [PMID: 26100595 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine, one of the active components in cigarette smoke, has been described to contribute to the protective effect of smoking in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Furthermore, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit (α7nAChR) expressed on immune cells, is an essential regulator of inflammation. As intestinal epithelial cells also express α7nAChR, we investigated how nicotine could participate in the homeostasis of intestinal epithelial cells. First, using the human adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29, we revealed that nicotine, which triggers an influx of extracellular Ca(2+) following α7nAChR stimulation, induces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production associated with a disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This results in caspase-3 activation, which in turn induces apoptosis. Additionally, we have shown that nicotine induces a PI3-K dependent up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. In this context, we suggest that this key mediator participates in the cytoprotective effects of nicotine against apoptosis by stimulating autophagy in colon cancer cells. Our results provide new insight into one potential mechanism by which nicotine could protect from UC and suggest an anti-inflammatory role for the cholinergic pathway at the epithelial cell level.
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31
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Li F, Zhu YT. HGF-activated colonic fibroblasts mediates carcinogenesis of colonic epithelial cancer cells via PKC-cMET-ERK1/2-COX-2 signaling. Cell Signal 2015; 27:860-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pelletier SJ, Lagacé M, St-Amour I, Arsenault D, Cisbani G, Chabrat A, Fecteau S, Lévesque M, Cicchetti F. The morphological and molecular changes of brain cells exposed to direct current electric field stimulation. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyu090. [PMID: 25522422 PMCID: PMC4376545 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of low-intensity direct current electric fields has been experimentally used in the clinic to treat a number of brain disorders, predominantly using transcranial direct current stimulation approaches. However, the cellular and molecular changes induced by such treatment remain largely unknown. METHODS Here, we tested various intensities of direct current electric fields (0, 25, 50, and 100V/m) in a well-controlled in vitro environment in order to investigate the responses of neurons, microglia, and astrocytes to this type of stimulation. This included morphological assessments of the cells, viability, as well as shape and fiber outgrowth relative to the orientation of the direct current electric field. We also undertook enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and western immunoblotting to identify which molecular pathways were affected by direct current electric fields. RESULTS In response to direct current electric field, neurons developed an elongated cell body shape with neurite outgrowth that was associated with a significant increase in growth associated protein-43. Fetal midbrain dopaminergic explants grown in a collagen gel matrix also showed a reorientation of their neurites towards the cathode. BV2 microglial cells adopted distinct morphological changes with an increase in cyclooxygenase-2 expression, but these were dependent on whether they had already been activated with lipopolysaccharide. Finally, astrocytes displayed elongated cell bodies with cellular filopodia that were oriented perpendicularly to the direct current electric field. CONCLUSION We show that cells of the central nervous system can respond to direct current electric fields both in terms of their morphological shape and molecular expression of certain proteins, and this in turn can help us to begin understand the mechanisms underlying the clinical benefits of direct current electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neuroscience, Québec, QC, Canada (Mr Pelletier, Ms Lagacé, Drs St-Amour, Arsenault, Cisbani, and Cicchetti); Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Lévesque and Cicchetti); Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Ms Chabrat and Dr Lévesque); Laboratory of Canada Research Chair in Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Université Laval, Canada (Dr Fecteau); Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA (Dr Fecteau).
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Pandurangan AK, Esa NM. Dietary non-nutritive factors in targeting of regulatory molecules in colorectal cancer: an update. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:5543-52. [PMID: 24289544 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.10.5543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a complex multi-step process involving progressive disruption of homeostatic mechanisms controlling intestinal epithelial proliferation/inflammation, differentiation, and programmed cell death, is the third most common malignant neoplasm worldwide. A number of promising targets such as inducible nitric acid (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and apoptotic signaling have been identified by researchers as useful targets to prevent or therapeutically inhibit colon cancer development. In this review article, we aimed to explore the current targets available to eliminate colon cancer with an update of dietary and non-nutritional compounds that could be of potential use for interaction with regulatory molecules to prevent CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail :
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34
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Pandurangan AK, Saadatdoust Z, Esa NM, Hamzah H, Ismail A. Dietary cocoa protects against colitis-associated cancer by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. Biofactors 2015; 41:1-14. [PMID: 25545372 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in males and the second most common cancer worldwide. Chronic colonic inflammation is a known risk factor for CRC. Cocoa contains many polyphenolic compounds that have beneficial effects in humans. The objective of this study is to explore the antioxidant properties of cocoa in the mouse model of azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis-associated cancer, focusing on the activation of Nrf2 signaling. Mice were treated with AOM/DSS and randomized to receive either a control diet or a 5 and 10% cocoa diet during the study period. On day 62 of the experiment, the entire colon was processed for biochemical and histopathological examination and further evaluations. Increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in AOM/DSS-induced mice; however, subsequent administration of cocoa decreased the MDA. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, were decreased in the AOM/DSS mice. Cocoa treatment increases the activities/levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Inflammatory mediators, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, were elevated during AOM/DSS-induction, and treatment with 5 and 10% cocoa effectively decreases the expression of iNOS and COX-2. The NF-E2-related factor 2 and its downstream targets, such as NQO1 and UDP-GT, were increased by cocoa treatment. The results of our study suggest that cocoa may merit further clinical investigation as a chemopreventive agent that helps prevent CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Leonurine Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effect by Regulating Inflammatory Signaling Pathways and Cytokines in LPS-Induced Mouse Mastitis. Inflammation 2014; 38:79-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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36
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Zhu M, Zhu Y, Lance P. TNFα-activated stromal COX-2 signalling promotes proliferative and invasive potential of colon cancer epithelial cells. Cell Prolif 2014; 46:374-81. [PMID: 23869759 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Up to now it has been unclear whether stromal/epithelial interaction affects progression of colon cancer. This study was designed to examine effects of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-activated stromal cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) signalling on proliferation and invasiveness of colon cancer epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and protein were determined by real-time PCR and western blotting and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) was assayed by radioimmunoassay. Cell proliferation and invasiveness were determined by transwell chamber assays and protein kinase C (PKC) was assayed by Biotrak(™) PKC Assay System. RESULTS Our results indicated that TNFα, a powerful inflammatory cytokine, strongly promoted COX-2 expression and PGE2 production in colon cancer-associated fibroblasts. Using in vitro assays for estimating proliferative and invasive potential, we discovered that activation of stromal COX-2 signalling significantly promoted proliferation and invasiveness of colon cancer epithelial cells. In addition, selective COX-2 inhibitor N-[2-(Cyclohexyloxy)-4-nitrophenyl]methanesulfonamide, blocked such proliferative and invasive effects on the cancer epithelial cells. In this process, PKC was involved in activation of COX-2 signalling in the fibroblasts. CONCLUSION We conclude that activation of stromal COX-2 signalling by TNFα played a major role in promoting proliferation and invasiveness of colon cancer epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhu
- Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
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37
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Leppänen T, Tuominen RK, Moilanen E. Protein kinase C and its inhibitors in the regulation of inflammation: inducible nitric oxide synthase as an example. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 114:37-43. [PMID: 24107256 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of ten isoenzymes that play a crucial role in cellular signal transduction. Studies with PKC knockout animals have revealed that many of the isoenzymes are involved in cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. Several PKC isoenzymes have also been shown to be important mediators in inflammation and immunity, particularly in lymphocyte responses. However, less is known about the role of PKC in the regulation of the expression of inflammatory genes. In inflammatory processes, nitric oxide is primarily produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in inflammatory cells, such as macrophages. In innate immunity, nitric oxide functions as an effector molecule towards the infectious organisms. Increased levels of nitric oxide are also produced by inflammatory and tissue cells in inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and arthritis. In this MiniReview, the role of PKC isoenzymes in the pathogenesis and as a potential drug target in inflammation will be discussed presenting iNOS as an example of an inflammatory gene regulated by the pleiotropic PKC signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Leppänen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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38
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Zhu Y, Zhu M, Lance P. IL1β-mediated Stromal COX-2 signaling mediates proliferation and invasiveness of colonic epithelial cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:2520-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Zhu Y, Zhu M, Lance P. Stromal COX-2 signaling activated by deoxycholic acid mediates proliferation and invasiveness of colorectal epithelial cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 425:607-12. [PMID: 22885178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
COX-2 is a major regulator implicated in colonic cancer. However, how COX-2 signaling affects colonic carcinogenesis at cellular level is not clear. In this article, we investigated whether activation of COX-2 signaling by deoxycholic acid (DCA) in primary human normal and cancer associated fibroblasts play a significant role in regulation of proliferation and invasiveness of colonic epithelial cancer cells. Our results demonstrated while COX-2 signaling can be activated by DCA in both normal and cancer associated fibroblasts, the level of activation of COX-2 signaling is significantly greater in cancer associated fibroblasts than that in normal fibroblasts. In addition, we discovered that the proliferative and invasive potential of colonic epithelial cancer cells were much greater when the cells were co-cultured with cancer associated fibroblasts pre-treated with DCA than with normal fibroblasts pre-treated with DCA. Moreover, COX-2 siRNA attenuated the proliferative and invasive effect of both normal and cancer associate fibroblasts pre-treated with DCA on the colonic cancer cells. Further studies indicated that the activation of COX-2 signaling by DCA is through protein kinase C signaling. We speculate that activation of COX-2 signaling especially in cancer associated fibroblasts promotes progression of colonic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Zhu
- Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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