1
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Barnett AM, Mullaney JA, McNabb WC, Roy NC. Culture media and format alter cellular composition and barrier integrity of porcine colonoid-derived monolayers. Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2222632. [PMID: 37340938 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2222632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal organoid technology has revolutionized our approach to in vitro cell culture due in part to their three-dimensional structures being more like the native tissue from which they were derived with respect to cellular composition and architecture. For this reason, organoids are becoming the new gold standard for undertaking intestinal epithelial cell research. Unfortunately, their otherwise advantageous three-dimensional geometry prevents easy access to the apical epithelium, which is a major limitation when studying interactions between dietary or microbial components and host tissues. To overcome this problem, we developed porcine colonoid-derived monolayers cultured on both permeable Transwell inserts and tissue culture treated polystyrene plates. We found that seeding density and culture format altered the expression of genes encoding markers of specific cell types (stem cells, colonocytes, goblets, and enteroendocrine cells), and barrier maturation (tight junctions). Additionally, we found that changes to the formulation of the culture medium altered the cellular composition of colonoids and of monolayers derived from them, resulting in cultures with an increasingly differentiated phenotype that was similar to that of their tissue of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Barnett
- AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jane A Mullaney
- AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Liggins Institute, The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Warren C McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Liggins Institute, The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Liggins Institute, The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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2
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Nguyen OTP, Misun PM, Hierlemann A, Lohasz C. A Versatile Intestine-on-Chip System for Deciphering the Immunopathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302454. [PMID: 38253407 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The multifactorial nature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) necessitates reliable and practical experimental models to elucidate its etiology and pathogenesis. To model the intestinal microenvironment at the onset of IBD in vitro, it is important to incorporate relevant cellular and noncellular components before inducing stepwise pathogenic developments. A novel intestine-on-chip system for investigating multiple aspects of IBD's immunopathogenesis is presented. The system includes an array of tight and polarized barrier models formed from intestinal epithelial cells on an in-vivo-like subepithelial matrix within one week. The dynamic remodeling of the subepithelial matrix by cells or their secretome demonstrates the physiological relevance of the on-chip barrier models. The system design enables introduction of various immune cell types and inflammatory stimuli at specific locations in the same barrier model, which facilitates investigations of the distinct roles of each cell type in intestinal inflammation development. It is showed that inflammatory behavior manifests in an upregulated expression of inflammatory markers and cytokines (TNF-α). The neutralizing effect of the anti-inflammatory antibody Infliximab on levels of TNF-α and its inducible cytokines could be explicitly shown. Overall, an innovative approach to systematically developing a microphysiological system to comprehend immune-system-mediated disorders of IBD and to identify new therapeutic strategies is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oanh T P Nguyen
- Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M Misun
- Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Christian Lohasz
- Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
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3
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Evangelista-Leite D, Carreira ACO, Nishiyama MY, Gilpin SE, Miglino MA. The molecular mechanisms of extracellular matrix-derived hydrogel therapy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis models. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122338. [PMID: 37820517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressively debilitating lung condition characterized by oxidative stress, cell phenotype shifts, and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Recent studies have shown promising results using decellularized ECM-derived hydrogels produced through pepsin digestion in various lung injury models and even a human clinical trial for myocardial infarction. This study aimed to characterize the composition of ECM-derived hydrogels, assess their potential to prevent fibrosis in bleomycin-induced IPF models, and unravel their underlying molecular mechanisms of action. Porcine lungs were decellularized and pepsin-digested for 48 h. The hydrogel production process, including visualization of protein molecular weight distribution and hydrogel gelation, was characterized. Peptidomics analysis of ECM-derived hydrogel contained peptides from 224 proteins. Probable bioactive and cell-penetrating peptides, including collagen IV, laminin beta 2, and actin alpha 1, were identified. ECM-derived hydrogel treatment was administered as an early intervention to prevent fibrosis advancement in rat models of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. ECM-derived hydrogel concentrations of 1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL showed subtle but noticeable effects on reducing lung inflammation, oxidative damage, and protein markers related to fibrosis (e.g., alpha-smooth muscle actin, collagen I). Moreover, distinct changes were observed in macroscopic appearance, alveolar structure, collagen deposition, and protein expression between lungs that received ECM-derived hydrogel and control fibrotic lungs. Proteomic analyses revealed significant protein and gene expression changes related to cellular processes, pathways, and components involved in tissue remodeling, inflammation, and cytoskeleton regulation. RNA sequencing highlighted differentially expressed genes associated with various cellular processes, such as tissue remodeling, hormone secretion, cell chemotaxis, and cytoskeleton engagement. This study suggests that ECM-derived hydrogel treatment influence pathways associated with tissue repair, inflammation regulation, cytoskeleton reorganization, and cellular response to injury, potentially offering therapeutic benefits in preventing or mitigating lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Evangelista-Leite
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-010, Brazil; School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Ana C O Carreira
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-010, Brazil; NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05360-130, Brazil; Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil.
| | - Milton Y Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Sarah E Gilpin
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-010, Brazil.
| | - Maria A Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-010, Brazil.
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4
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Torras N, Zabalo J, Abril E, Carré A, García-Díaz M, Martínez E. A bioprinted 3D gut model with crypt-villus structures to mimic the intestinal epithelial-stromal microenvironment. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213534. [PMID: 37356284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The intestine is a complex tissue with a characteristic three-dimensional (3D) crypt-villus architecture, which plays a key role in the intestinal function. This function is also regulated by the intestinal stroma that actively supports the intestinal epithelium, maintaining the homeostasis of the tissue. Efforts to account for the 3D complex structure of the intestinal tissue have been focused mainly in mimicking the epithelial barrier, while solutions to include the stromal compartment are scarce and unpractical to be used in routine experiments. Here we demonstrate that by employing an optimized bioink formulation and the suitable printing parameters it is possible to produce fibroblast-laden crypt-villus structures by means of digital light projection stereolithography (DLP-SLA). This process provides excellent cell viability, accurate spatial resolution, and high printing throughput, resulting in a robust biofabrication approach that yields functional gut mucosa tissues compatible with conventional testing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Torras
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jon Zabalo
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Abril
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albane Carré
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María García-Díaz
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena Martínez
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Karakocak BB, Keshavan S, Gunasingam G, Angeloni S, Auderset A, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Rethinking of TEER measurement reporting for epithelial cells grown on permeable inserts. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106511. [PMID: 37385303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measures electrical resistance across epithelial tissue barriers involving confluent layer(s) of cells. TEER values act as a prerequisite for determining the barrier integrity of cells, which play a key role in evaluating the transport of drugs, materials or chemicals of interest across an epithelial barrier. The measurements can be performed non-invasively by measuring ohmic resistance across a defined area. Thus, the TEER values are reported in Ω·cm2. In vitro epithelial models are typically assembled on semi-permeable inserts providing two-chamber compartments, and the majority of the studies use inserts with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membranes. Recently, new inserts with different membrane types and properties have been introduced. However, the TEER values presented so far did not allow a direct comparison. This study presents the characterization of selected epithelial tissues, i.e., lung, retina, and intestine, grown on an ultra-thin ceramic microporous permeable insert (SiMPLI) and PET membranes with different properties, i.e., thickness, material, and pore numbers. We verified the epithelial cell growth on both inserts via phase-contrast and confocal laser scanning microscope imaging. Barrier characteristics were assessed by TEER measurements and also by evaluating the permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate through cell layers. The findings indicated that background TEER value calculations and the available surface area for cell growth must be thoroughly assessed when new inserts are introduced, as the values cannot be directly compared without re-calculations. Finally, we proposed electrical circuit models highlighting the contributors to TEER recordings on PET and SiMPLI insert membranes. This study paves the way for making the ohmic-based evaluation of epithelial tissues' permeability independent of the material and geometry of the insert membrane used for cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedia Begum Karakocak
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sandeep Keshavan
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gowsinth Gunasingam
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Angeloni
- SiMPLInext SA, Rue Fritz-Oppliger 18, 2504 Biel/Bienne, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Auderset
- Switzerland Innovation Park Biel/Bienne, Aarbergstrasse 46, 2503 Biel/Bienne, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- BioNanomaterials Group, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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6
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Pracht K, Wittner J, Kagerer F, Jäck HM, Schuh W. The intestine: A highly dynamic microenvironment for IgA plasma cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1114348. [PMID: 36875083 PMCID: PMC9977823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve longevity, IgA plasma cells require a sophisticated anatomical microenvironment that provides cytokines, cell-cell contacts, and nutrients as well as metabolites. The intestinal epithelium harbors cells with distinct functions and represents an important defense line. Anti-microbial peptide-producing paneth cells, mucus-secreting goblet cells and antigen-transporting microfold (M) cells cooperate to build a protective barrier against pathogens. In addition, intestinal epithelial cells are instrumental in the transcytosis of IgA to the gut lumen, and support plasma cell survival by producing the cytokines APRIL and BAFF. Moreover, nutrients are sensed through specialized receptors such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by both, intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells. However, the intestinal epithelium is highly dynamic with a high cellular turn-over rate and exposure to changing microbiota and nutritional factors. In this review, we discuss the spatial interplay of the intestinal epithelium with plasma cells and its potential contribution to IgA plasma cell generation, homing, and longevity. Moreover, we describe the impact of nutritional AhR ligands on intestinal epithelial cell-IgA plasma cell interaction. Finally, we introduce spatial transcriptomics as a new technology to address open questions in intestinal IgA plasma cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Pracht
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Wittner
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fritz Kagerer
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Ignacio A, Shah K, Bernier-Latmani J, Köller Y, Coakley G, Moyat M, Hamelin R, Armand F, Wong NC, Ramay H, Thomson CA, Burkhard R, Wang H, Dufour A, Geuking MB, McDonald B, Petrova TV, Harris NL, McCoy KD. Small intestinal resident eosinophils maintain gut homeostasis following microbial colonization. Immunity 2022; 55:1250-1267.e12. [PMID: 35709757 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The intestine harbors a large population of resident eosinophils, yet the function of intestinal eosinophils has not been explored. Flow cytometry and whole-mount imaging identified eosinophils residing in the lamina propria along the length of the intestine prior to postnatal microbial colonization. Microscopy, transcriptomic analysis, and mass spectrometry of intestinal tissue revealed villus blunting, altered extracellular matrix, decreased epithelial cell turnover, increased gastrointestinal motility, and decreased lipid absorption in eosinophil-deficient mice. Mechanistically, intestinal epithelial cells released IL-33 in a microbiota-dependent manner, which led to eosinophil activation. The colonization of germ-free mice demonstrated that eosinophil activation in response to microbes regulated villous size alterations, macrophage maturation, epithelial barrier integrity, and intestinal transit. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a critical role for eosinophils in facilitating the mutualistic interactions between the host and microbiota and provide a rationale for the functional significance of their early life recruitment in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ignacio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kathleen Shah
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jeremiah Bernier-Latmani
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Chemin des Boveresses 155, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Yasmin Köller
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Research, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gillian Coakley
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mati Moyat
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Romain Hamelin
- Proteomics Core Facility, Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Armand
- Proteomics Core Facility, Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nick C Wong
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Hena Ramay
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Thomson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Regula Burkhard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Haozhe Wang
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Markus B Geuking
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Braedon McDonald
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4A1, Canada
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Chemin des Boveresses 155, Epalinges, Switzerland; Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Global Health Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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8
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Morrison MC, Gart E, van Duyvenvoorde W, Snabel J, Nielsen MJ, Leeming DJ, Menke A, Kleemann R. Heat-Inactivated Akkermansia muciniphila Improves Gut Permeability but Does Not Prevent Development of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Diet-Induced Obese Ldlr-/-.Leiden Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042325. [PMID: 35216439 PMCID: PMC8878538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been associated with alterations in gut microbiota composition and reduced gut barrier function. Akkermansia muciniphila is a gut microbe that is thought to have health-promoting properties, including the ability to improve gut barrier function and host metabolism, both when administered live and after heat-inactivation. We questioned whether heat-inactivated A. muciniphila may reduce NASH development. Ldlr−/−.Leiden mice, a translational, diet-induced model for NASH, were fed a NASH-inducing high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with heat-inactivated A. muciniphila. After 28 weeks, effects of the treatment on obesity and associated metabolic dysfunction in the gut (microbiota composition and permeability), adipose tissue, and liver were studied relative to an untreated HFD control. Treatment with heat-inactivated A. muciniphila did not affect body weight or adiposity and had no effect on plasma lipids, blood glucose, or plasma insulin. Heat-inactivated A. muciniphila had some minor effects on mucosal microbiota composition in ileum and colon and improved gut barrier function, as assessed by an in vivo functional gut permeability test. Epidydimal white adipose tissue (WAT) hypertrophy and inflammation were not affected, but heat-inactivated A. muciniphila did reduce hypertrophy in the mesenteric WAT which is in close proximity to the intestine. Heat-inactivated A. muciniphila did not affect the development of NASH or associated fibrosis in the liver and did not affect circulating bile acids or markers of liver fibrosis, but did reduce PRO-C4, a type IV collagen synthesis marker, which may be associated with gut integrity. In conclusion, despite beneficial effects in the gut and mesenteric adipose tissue, heat-inactivated A. muciniphila did not affect the development of NASH and fibrosis in a chronic disease setting that mimics clinically relevant disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine C. Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Eveline Gart
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van Duyvenvoorde
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Jessica Snabel
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Mette Juul Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (M.J.N.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Diana Julie Leeming
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (M.J.N.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Aswin Menke
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Jeong YY, Lee GY, Yoo YC. Bovine Lactoferricin Induces Intestinal Epithelial Cell Activation through Phosphorylation of FAK and Paxillin and Prevents Rotavirus Infection. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1175-1182. [PMID: 34226406 PMCID: PMC9705853 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2106.06044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of bovine lactoferricin (Lfcin-B), a peptide derived from bovine lactoferrin, on activation of intestinal epithelial cells in IEC-6 intestinal cell, and protection against in vivo rotavirus (RV) infection. Treatment with Lfcin-B significantly enhanced the growth of IEC-6 cells and increased their capacity for attachment and spreading in culture plates. Also, Lfcin-B synergistically augmented the binding of IEC-6 cells to laminin, a component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In the analysis of the intracellular mechanism related to Lfcin-B-induced activation of IEC-6 cells, this peptide upregulated tyrosine-dependent phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin, which are intracellular proteins associated with cell adhesion, spreading, and signal transduction during cell activation. An experiment using synthetic peptides with various sequences of amino acids revealed that a sequence of 9 amino acids (FKCRRWQWR) corresponding to 17-25 of the N-terminus of Lfcin-B is responsible for the epithelial cell activation. In an in vivo experiment, treatment with Lfcin-B one day before RV infection effectively prevented RV-induced diarrhea and significantly reduced RV titers in the bowels of infected mice. These results suggest that Lfcin-B plays meaningful roles in the maintenance and repair of intestinal mucosal tissues, as well as in protecting against intestinal infection by RV. Collectively, Lfcin-B is a promising candidate with potential applications in drugs or functional foods beneficial for intestinal health and mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Young Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Choon Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-10-7573-9249 Fax: +82-42-600-8694 E-mail:
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10
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Li M, Blum NT, Wu J, Lin J, Huang P. Weaving Enzymes with Polymeric Shells for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008438. [PMID: 34197008 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme therapeutics have received increasing attention due to their high biological specificity, outstanding catalytic efficiency, and impressive therapeutic outcomes. Protecting and delivering enzymes into target cells while retaining enzyme catalytic efficiency is a big challenge. Wrapping of enzymes with rational designed polymer shells, rather than trapping them into large nanoparticles such as liposomes, have been widely explored because they can protect the folded state of the enzyme and make post-functionalization easier. In this review, the methods for wrapping up enzymes with protective polymer shells are mainly focused on. It is aimed to provide a toolbox for the rational design of polymeric enzymes by introducing methods for the preparation of polymeric enzymes including physical adsorption and chemical conjugation with specific examples of these conjugates/hybrid applications. Finally, a conclusion is drawn and key points are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Nicholas Thomas Blum
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiayingzi Wu
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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11
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A Robust Protocol for Decellularized Human Lung Bioink Generation Amenable to 2D and 3D Lung Cell Culture. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061538. [PMID: 34207111 PMCID: PMC8234522 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularization efforts must balance the preservation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components while eliminating the nucleic acid and cellular components. Following effective removal of nucleic acid and cell components, decellularized ECM (dECM) can be solubilized in an acidic environment with the assistance of various enzymes to develop biological scaffolds in different forms, such as sheets, tubular constructs, or three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels. Each organ or tissue that undergoes decellularization requires a distinct and optimized protocol to ensure that nucleic acids are removed, and the ECM components are preserved. The objective of this study was to optimize the decellularization process for dECM isolation from human lung tissues for downstream 2D and 3D cell culture systems. Following protocol optimization and dECM isolation, we performed experiments with a wide range of dECM concentrations to form human lung dECM hydrogels that were physically stable and biologically responsive. The dECM based-hydrogels supported the growth and proliferation of primary human lung fibroblast cells in 3D cultures. The dECM is also amenable to the coating of polyester membranes in Transwell™ Inserts to improve the cell adhesion, proliferation, and barrier function of primary human bronchial epithelial cells in 2D. In conclusion, we present a robust protocol for human lung decellularization, generation of dECM substrate material, and creation of hydrogels that support primary lung cell viability in 2D and 3D culture systems
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das Neves J, Sverdlov Arzi R, Sosnik A. Molecular and cellular cues governing nanomaterial-mucosae interactions: from nanomedicine to nanotoxicology. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 49:5058-5100. [PMID: 32538405 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal tissues constitute the largest interface between the body and the surrounding environment and they regulate the access of molecules, supramolecular structures, particulate matter, and pathogens into it. All mucosae are characterized by an outer mucus layer that protects the underlying cells from physicochemical, biological and mechanical insults, a mono-layered or stratified epithelium that forms tight junctions and controls the selective transport of solutes across it and associated lymphoid tissues that play a sentinel role. Mucus is a gel-like material comprised mainly of the glycoprotein mucin and water and it displays both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains, a net negative charge, and high porosity and pore interconnectivity, providing an efficient barrier for the absorption of therapeutic agents. To prolong the residence time, absorption and bioavailability of a broad spectrum of active compounds upon mucosal administration, mucus-penetrating and mucoadhesive particles have been designed by tuning the chemical composition, the size, the density, and the surface properties. The benefits of utilizing nanomaterials that interact intimately with mucosae by different mechanisms in the nanomedicine field have been extensively reported. To ensure the safety of these nanosystems, their compatibility is evaluated in vitro and in vivo in preclinical and clinical trials. Conversely, there is a growing concern about the toxicity of nanomaterials dispersed in air and water effluents that unintentionally come into contact with the airways and the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, deep understanding of the key nanomaterial properties that govern the interplay with mucus and tissues is crucial for the rational design of more efficient drug delivery nanosystems (nanomedicine) and to anticipate the fate and side-effects of nanoparticulate matter upon acute or chronic exposure (nanotoxicology). This review initially overviews the complex structural features of mucosal tissues, including the structure of mucus, the epithelial barrier, the mucosal-associated lymphatic tissues and microbiota. Then, the most relevant investigations attempting to identify and validate the key particle features that govern nanomaterial-mucosa interactions and that are relevant in both nanomedicine and nanotoxicology are discussed in a holistic manner. Finally, the most popular experimental techniques and the incipient use of mathematical and computational models to characterize these interactions are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- José das Neves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde & INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Roni Sverdlov Arzi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, De-Jur Building, Office 607, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, De-Jur Building, Office 607, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
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13
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Dabaghi M, Shahriari S, Saraei N, Da K, Chandiramohan A, Selvaganapathy PR, Hirota JA. Surface Modification of PDMS-Based Microfluidic Devices with Collagen Using Polydopamine as a Spacer to Enhance Primary Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell Adhesion. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12020132. [PMID: 33530564 PMCID: PMC7911361 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a silicone-based synthetic material used in various biomedical applications due to its properties, including transparency, flexibility, permeability to gases, and ease of use. Though PDMS facilitates and assists the fabrication of complicated geometries at micro- and nano-scales, it does not optimally interact with cells for adherence and proliferation. Various strategies have been proposed to render PDMS to enhance cell attachment. The majority of these surface modification techniques have been offered for a static cell culture system. However, dynamic cell culture systems such as organ-on-a-chip devices are demanding platforms that recapitulate a living tissue microenvironment's complexity. In organ-on-a-chip platforms, PDMS surfaces are usually coated by extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which occur as a result of a physical and weak bonding between PDMS and ECM proteins, and this binding can be degraded when it is exposed to shear stresses. This work reports static and dynamic coating methods to covalently bind collagen within a PDMS-based microfluidic device using polydopamine (PDA). These coating methods were evaluated using water contact angle measurement and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to optimize coating conditions. The biocompatibility of collagen-coated PDMS devices was assessed by culturing primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) in microfluidic devices. It was shown that both PDA coating methods could be used to bind collagen, thereby improving cell adhesion (approximately three times higher) without showing any discernible difference in cell attachment between these two methods. These results suggested that such a surface modification can help coat extracellular matrix protein onto PDMS-based microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadhossein Dabaghi
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health–Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (M.D.); (N.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Shadi Shahriari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada; (S.S.); (P.R.S.)
| | - Neda Saraei
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health–Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (M.D.); (N.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Kevin Da
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada;
| | - Abiram Chandiramohan
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health–Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (M.D.); (N.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Ponnambalam Ravi Selvaganapathy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada; (S.S.); (P.R.S.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jeremy A. Hirota
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health–Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (M.D.); (N.S.); (A.C.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Bunchongprasert K, Chen J, Shao J. Effect of double bond in unsaturated long-chain monoglyceride in self-emulsified nanoemulsion on tight junction opening. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Nikulin SV, Poloznikov AA, Sakharov DA. A method for rapid generation of model intestinal barriers in vitro. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2020.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To increase the efficiency of drug development process, it is important to improve performance of preclinical experiments. A major drawback of the currently used in vitro intestinal barrier models is that it takes a significant time to obtain functional enterocyte monolayers with formed tight junctions. In this work, we have optimized various parameters such as cell density and different coatings, for a more rapid and efficient producing Caco-2 cell monolayers suitable for further experiments. In vivo microscopy and impedance spectroscopy were used to monitor cells state under various conditions. To determine possible biological mechanisms affected by exposure to various protein substrates, the transcriptomic analysis was applied. It was shown that collagen IV coating of the cell growth substrate significantly increased the rate of proliferation and migration of Caco-2 cells. This effect allows forming a functional monolayer of epithelial cells with tight junctions within 24 hours. Optimally, the initial cell density should be 90,000 to 200,000 cells/cm2. It was observed that collagen IV was poorly expressed by Caco-2 cells while the collagen IV receptor was expressed at a relatively high level in these cells. Laminin-332, another basement membrane component, was found to have no significant effect on times of formation of functional epithelial monolayers. Thus, using the optimal parameters determined in this study allows to significantly improve efficiency of using the in vitro intestinal barrier models.
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Affiliation(s)
- SV Nikulin
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; SRC Bioclinicum, Moscow, Russia
| | - AA Poloznikov
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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Aslam MN, McClintock SD, Attili D, Pandya S, Rehman H, Nadeem DM, Jawad-Makki MAH, Rizvi AH, Berner MM, Dame MK, Turgeon DK, Varani J. Ulcerative Colitis-Derived Colonoid Culture: A Multi-Mineral-Approach to Improve Barrier Protein Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:577221. [PMID: 33330453 PMCID: PMC7719760 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.577221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies demonstrated that Aquamin®, a calcium-, magnesium-rich, multi-mineral natural product, improves barrier structure and function in colonoids obtained from the tissue of healthy subjects. The goal of the present study was to determine if the colonic barrier could be improved in tissue from subjects with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Colonoid cultures were established with colon biopsies from 9 individuals with UC. The colonoids were then incubated for a 2-week period under control conditions (in culture medium with a final calcium concentration of 0.25 mM) or in the same medium supplemented with Aquamin® to provide 1.5 - 4.5 mM calcium. Effects on differentiation and barrier protein expression were determined using several approaches: phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopy, quantitative histology and immunohistology, mass spectrometry-based proteome assessment and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Although there were no gross changes in colonoid appearance, there was an increase in lumen diameter and wall thickness on histology and greater expression of cytokeratin 20 (CK20) along with reduced expression of Ki67 by quantitative immunohistology observed with intervention. In parallel, upregulation of several differentiation-related proteins was seen in a proteomic screen with the intervention. Aquamin®-treated colonoids demonstrated a modest up-regulation of tight junctional proteins but stronger induction of adherens junction and desmosomal proteins. Increased desmosomes were seen at the ultrastructural level. Proteomic analysis demonstrated increased expression of several basement membrane proteins and hemidesmosomal components. Proteins expressed at the apical surface (mucins and trefoils) were also increased as were several additional proteins with anti-microbial activity or that modulate inflammation. Finally, several transporter proteins that affect electrolyte balance (and, thereby affect water resorption) were increased. At the same time, growth and cell cycle regulatory proteins (Ki67, nucleophosmin, and stathmin) were significantly down-regulated. Laminin interactions, matrix formation and extracellular matrix organization were the top three up-regulated pathways with the intervention. CONCLUSION A majority of individuals including patients with UC do not reach the recommended daily intake for calcium and other minerals. To the extent that such deficiencies might contribute to the weakening of the colonic barrier, the findings employing UC tissue-derived colonoids here suggest that adequate mineral intake might improve the colonic barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad N. Aslam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shannon D. McClintock
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Durga Attili
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shailja Pandya
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Humza Rehman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Daniyal M. Nadeem
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Areeba H. Rizvi
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maliha M. Berner
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael K. Dame
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Danielle Kim Turgeon
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - James Varani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Fey C, Betz J, Rosenbaum C, Kralisch D, Vielreicher M, Friedrich O, Metzger M, Zdzieblo D. Bacterial nanocellulose as novel carrier for intestinal epithelial cells in drug delivery studies. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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McClintock SD, Attili D, Dame MK, Richter A, Silvestri SS, Berner MM, Bohm MS, Karpoff K, McCarthy CL, Spence JR, Varani J, Aslam MN. Differentiation of human colon tissue in culture: Effects of calcium on trans-epithelial electrical resistance and tissue cohesive properties. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0222058. [PMID: 32134920 PMCID: PMC7058309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Human colonoid cultures maintained under low-calcium (0.25 mM) conditions undergo differentiation spontaneously and, concomitantly, express a high level of tight junction proteins, but not desmosomal proteins. When calcium is included to a final concentration of 1.5–3.0 mM (provided either as a single agent or as a combination of calcium and additional minerals), there is little change in tight junction protein expression but a strong up-regulation of desmosomal proteins and an increase in desmosome formation. The aim of this study was to assess the functional consequences of calcium-mediated differences in barrier protein expression. Methods Human colonoid-derived epithelial cells were interrogated in transwell culture under low- or high-calcium conditions for monolayer integrity and ion permeability by measuring trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) across the confluent monolayer. Colonoid cohesiveness was assessed in parallel. Results TEER values were high in the low-calcium environment but increased in response to calcium. In addition, colonoid cohesiveness increased substantially with calcium supplementation. In both assays, the response to multi-mineral intervention was greater than the response to calcium alone. Consistent with these findings, several components of tight junctions were expressed at 0.25 mM calcium but these did not increase substantially with supplementation. Cadherin-17 and desmoglein-2, in contrast, were weakly-expressed under low calcium conditions but increased with intervention. Conclusions These findings indicate that low ambient calcium levels are sufficient to support the formation of a permeability barrier in the colonic epithelium. Higher calcium levels promote tissue cohesion and enhance barrier function. These findings may help explain how an adequate calcium intake contributes to colonic health by improving barrier function, even though there is little change in colonic histological features over a wide range of calcium intake levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon D. McClintock
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Durga Attili
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Dame
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Aliah Richter
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sabrina S. Silvestri
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Maliha M. Berner
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Margaret S. Bohm
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kateryna Karpoff
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Caroline L. McCarthy
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - James Varani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Muhammad N. Aslam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Carobolante G, Mantaj J, Ferrari E, Vllasaliu D. Cow Milk and Intestinal Epithelial Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles as Systems for Enhancing Oral Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E226. [PMID: 32143503 PMCID: PMC7150822 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingestion is the preferred way for drug administration. However, many drugs have poor oral bioavailability, warranting the use of injections. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from cow milk have shown potential utility in improving oral drug bioavailability. However, EVs produced by intestinal epithelial cells have not been investigated for this application. We compared the capacity of cow milk EVs and intestinal epithelial cell-derived counterparts to enhance oral drug bioavailability. EVs were isolated, fluorescently labelled, and loaded with curcumin (CUR) as a model poorly absorbable drug. These were then characterised before testing in an intestinal model (Caco-2). Epithelial cell-derived EVs showed notably higher cell uptake compared to cow milk EVs. Cell uptake was significantly higher in differentiated compared to undifferentiated cells for both types of EVs. While both milk- and cell-derived EVs improved the cell uptake and intestinal permeability of CUR (confirming oral drug bioavailability enhancement potential), epithelial cell EVs demonstrated a superior effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Carobolante
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (G.C.); (J.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di PADOVA, Via 8 Febbraio, 2, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Julia Mantaj
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (G.C.); (J.M.)
| | - Enrico Ferrari
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK;
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK; (G.C.); (J.M.)
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20
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Bunchongprasert K, Shao J. Impact of Media in Transport Study on Cell Monolayer Integrity and Permeability. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1145-1152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Young BM, Shankar K, Tho CK, Pellegrino AR, Heise RL. Laminin-driven Epac/Rap1 regulation of epithelial barriers on decellularized matrix. Acta Biomater 2019; 100:223-234. [PMID: 31593773 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized tissues offer a unique tool for developing regenerative biomaterials or in vitro platforms for the study of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. One main challenge associated with decellularized lung tissue is that ECM components can be stripped away or altered by the detergents used to remove cellular debris. Without characterizing the composition of lung decellularized ECM (dECM) and the cellular response caused by the altered composition, it is difficult to utilize dECM for regeneration and specifically, engineering the complexities of the alveolar-capillary barrier. This study takes steps towards uncovering if dECM must be enhanced with lost ECM proteins to achieve proper epithelial barrier formation. To achieve this, the epithelial barrier function was assessed on dECM coatings with and without the systematic addition of several key basement membrane proteins. After comparing barrier function on collagen I, fibronectin, laminin, and dECM in varying combinations as an in vitro coating, the alveolar epithelium exhibited superior barrier function when dECM was supplemented with laminin as evidenced by trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability assays. Increased barrier resistance with laminin addition was associated with upregulation of Claudin-18, E-cadherin, and junction adhesion molecule (JAM)-A, and stabilization of zonula occludens (ZO)-1 at junction complexes. The Epac/Rap1 pathway was observed to play a role in the ECM-mediated barrier function determined by protein expression and Epac inhibition. These findings revealed potential ECM coatings and molecular therapeutic targets for improved regeneration with decellularized scaffolds. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Efforts to produce a transplantable organ-scale biomaterial for lung regeneration has not been entirely successful to date, due to incomplete cell-cell junction formation, ultimately leading to severe edema in vivo. To fully understand the process of alveolar junction formation on ECM-derived biomaterials, this research has characterized and tailored decellularized ECM (dECM) to mitigate reductions in barrier strength or cell attachment caused by abnormal ECM compositions or detergent damage to dECM. These results indicate that laminin-driven Epac signaling plays a vital role in the stabilization of the alveolar barrier. Addition of laminin or Epac agonists during alveolar regeneration can reduce epithelial permeability within bioengineered lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St, Room 1071, Richmond, VA 23219, United States
| | - Keerthana Shankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St, Room 1071, Richmond, VA 23219, United States
| | - Cindy K Tho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St, Room 1071, Richmond, VA 23219, United States
| | - Amanda R Pellegrino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Nursing, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Rebecca L Heise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh St, Room 1071, Richmond, VA 23219, United States; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1101 East Marshall St, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States.
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22
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Martin ME, Reaves DK, Jeffcoat B, Enders JR, Costantini LM, Yeyeodu ST, Botta D, Kavanagh TJ, Fleming JM. Silver nanoparticles alter epithelial basement membrane integrity, cell adhesion molecule expression, and TGF-β1 secretion. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 21:102070. [PMID: 31351238 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in consumer and pharmaceutical products due to their antipathogenic properties. However, safety concerns have been raised due to their bioactive properties. While reports have demonstrated AgNPs can embed within the extracellular matrix, their effects on basement membrane (BM) production, integrin engagement, and tissue-integrity are not well-defined. This study analyzed the effects of AgNPs on BM production, composition and integrin/focal adhesion interactions in representative lung, esophageal, breast and colorectal epithelia models. A multidisciplinary approach including focused proteomics, QPCR arrays, pathway analyses, and immune-based, structural and functional assays was used to identify molecular and physiological changes in cell adhesions and the BM induced by acute and chronic AgNP exposure. Dysregulated targets included CD44 and transforming growth factor-beta, two proteins frequently altered during pathogenesis. Results indicate AgNP exposure interferes with BM and cell adhesion dynamics, and provide insight into the mechanisms of AgNP-induced disruption of epithelial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Martin
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Denise K Reaves
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Breanna Jeffcoat
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Enders
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Lindsey M Costantini
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Diane Botta
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Terrance J Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jodie M Fleming
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Patient JD, Hajiali H, Harris K, Abrahamsson B, Tannergren C, White LJ, Ghaemmaghami AM, Williams PM, Roberts CJ, Rose FRAJ. Nanofibrous Scaffolds Support a 3D in vitro Permeability Model of the Human Intestinal Epithelium. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:456. [PMID: 31133850 PMCID: PMC6524416 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in drug research not only depend on high throughput screening to evaluate large numbers of lead compounds but also on the development of in vitro models which can simulate human tissues in terms of drug permeability and functions. Potential failures, such as poor permeability or interaction with efflux drug transporters, can be identified in epithelial Caco-2 monolayer models and can impact a drug candidate's progression onto the next stages of the drug development process. Whilst monolayer models demonstrate reasonably good prediction of in vivo permeability for some compounds, more developed in vitro tools are needed to assess new entities that enable closer in vivo in vitro correlation. In this study, an in vitro model of the human intestinal epithelium was developed by utilizing nanofibers, fabricated using electrospinning, to mimic the structure of the basement membrane. We assessed Caco-2 cell response to these materials and investigated the physiological properties of these cells cultured on the fibrous supports, focusing on barrier integrity and drug-permeability properties. The obtained data illustrate that 2D Caco-2 Transwell® cultures exhibit artificially high trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) compared to cells cultured on the 3D nanofibrous scaffolds which show TEER values similar to ex vivo porcine tissue (also measured in this study). Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the 3D nanofibrous scaffolds influence the barrier integrity of the Caco-2 monolayer to confer drug-absorption properties that more closely mimic native gut tissue particularly for studying passive epithelial transport. We propose that this 3D model is a suitable in vitro model for investigating drug absorption and intestinal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie D. Patient
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hadi Hajiali
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Lisa J. White
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amir M. Ghaemmaghami
- School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Philip M. Williams
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Clive J. Roberts
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Lehmann J, Praktiknjo M, Nielsen MJ, Schierwagen R, Meyer C, Thomas D, Violi F, Strassburg CP, Bendtsen F, Møller S, Krag A, Karsdal MA, Leeming DJ, Trebicka J. Collagen type IV remodelling gender-specifically predicts mortality in decompensated cirrhosis. Liver Int 2019; 39:885-893. [PMID: 30739387 PMCID: PMC6594031 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Remodelling of extracellular matrix is crucial in progressive liver fibrosis. Collagen type III desposition has been shown in acute decompensation. Extratracellular matrix is compiled of deposition of various components. The role of basement membrane collagen type IV in advanced cirrhosis and acute decompensation is unclear and investigated in this study. METHODS Patients with decompensated cirrhosis from the prospective NEPTUN cohort (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03628807), who underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure were included. Clinical and laboratory parameters, PRO-C4 and C4M levels were measured in blood samples from portal and hepatic veins just before transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement. RESULTS Levels of C4M and PRO-C4 are significantly lower in patients with massive ascites and impaired renal sodium excretion. C4M and PRO-C4 show gender-specific profiles with significantly lower levels in females compared to males. Females with higher C4M levels show higher mortality. By contrast, males with higher C4M levels show lower mortality. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, C4M is an independent predictor of survival in female patients. CONCLUSION This study shows that markers of collagen type IV remodelling do not accumulate in severe renal dysfunction. Although collagen type IV degradation markers derive from the liver, portal venous C4M levels are relevant for survival. Moreover, it demonstrates that circulating C4M shows gender-specific profiles, which can independently predict survival in female patients with decompensated cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mette Juul Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience, Fibrosis Biology and BiomarkersHerlevDenmark,Department of GastroenterologyOdense Hospital, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Robert Schierwagen
- Department of Medicine IUniversity of BonnBonnGermany,Department of Medicine IUniversity of FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Carsten Meyer
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Daniel Thomas
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Internal and Specialized MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | | | - Flemming Bendtsen
- Gastrounit, Medical DivisionHvidovre Hospital, University of CopenhagenHvidovreDenmark
| | - Søren Møller
- Faculty of Health Sciences Hvidovre Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Department of GastroenterologyOdense Hospital, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | | | | | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Medicine IUniversity of BonnBonnGermany,Department of GastroenterologyOdense Hospital, University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark,Department of Medicine IUniversity of FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure ‐ EF ClifBarcelonaSpain,Institute for Bioengineering of CataloniaBarcelonaSpain
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25
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Engineering Biomimetic Gelatin Based Nanostructures as Synthetic Substrates for Cell Culture. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9081583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for synthetic substrates that replicate the natural environment for in vitro intestinal models. Electrospinning is one of the most versatile and cost-effective techniques to produce nanofibrous scaffolds mimicking the basement membrane topography. In this study, three different novel electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds made of a polycaprolactone (PCL), gelatin, and poloxamer 188 (P188) blend were produced and compared with PCL and PCL/gelatin fibers produced using the same solvent system and electrospinning parameters. Each polymer solution used in this experiment was electrospun at four different voltages to study its influence on fiber diameter. The morphology and physical characteristics of the fibers were studied using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The average fiber diameter of all scaffolds was within 200–600 nm and no significant decrease in diameter with an increase in voltage was observed. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical characteristics of the nanofibrous scaffold. The conductivity of the polymer solutions was also analyzed. Biocompatibility of the scaffolds was determined by a cell proliferation study performed using colorectal carcinoma (Caco-2) cells. PCL/gelatin/P188 scaffolds exhibited higher cell proliferation compared to PCL, PCL/gelatin scaffolds, and the control (tissue culture multi-well plate) with PCL/gelatin/P188 80:10:10 sample showing the highest cell proliferation.
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26
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Electrospun Nanometer to Micrometer Scale Biomimetic Synthetic Membrane Scaffolds in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9050910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The scaffold technology research utilizes biomimicry to produce efficient scaffolds that mimic the natural cell growth environment including the basement membrane for tissue engineering. Because the natural basement membrane is composed of fibrillar protein networks of nanoscale diameter, the scaffold produced should efficiently mimic the nanoscale topography at a low production cost. Electrospinning is a technique that can achieve that. This review discusses the physical and chemical characteristics of the basement membrane and its significance on cell growth and overall focuses on nanoscale biomimetic synthetic membrane scaffolds primarily generated using electrospinning and their application in drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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Tunçer S, Çolakoğlu M, Ulusan S, Ertaş G, Karasu Ç, Banerjee S. Evaluation of colloidal platinum on cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and barrier permeability across the gut epithelium. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01336. [PMID: 30963117 PMCID: PMC6434063 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colloidal platinum (Pt) is widely consumed due to its health promoting benefits. However, the exact biological effects of these nanoparticles have not been studied in detail, particularly in the gut. In the present study we observed that colloidal Pt was not cytotoxic towards three different epithelial colon cancer cell lines. Co-treatment of the colon cancer cell line Caco-2 with the oxidative stress inducing agent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and colloidal Pt resulted in a significant decrease in H2O2 induced oxidative stress. Colloidal Pt by itself did not induce any oxidative stress. Additionally, both overnight pretreatment of Caco-2 cells with colloidal Pt followed by 1 h treatment with H2O2, or co-treatment of cells for 1 h with colloidal Pt and H2O2 resulted in a significant recovery of cell death. Of note, the same protective effects of colloidal Pt were not observed when the oxidative stress was induced in the presence of 2, 2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, indicating that the source of free radicals may define the outcome of anti-oxidant activity of colloidal Pt. Colloidal Pt was also able to cross a model intestinal barrier formed in vitro with differentiated Caco-2 cells easily. Overall, our data indicate that colloidal Pt was not toxic towards intestinal epithelial cells, reduced H2O2 induced oxidative stress, protected from oxidative stress related death of intestinal epithelial cells and could pass a model gut barrier easily. Colloidal Pt can therefore be consumed orally for its anti-oxidant and other health promoting benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Tunçer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Melis Çolakoğlu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Sinem Ulusan
- Department of Chemistry, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Gülay Ertaş
- Department of Chemistry, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Çimen Karasu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06500, Turkey
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory (CanSyl), Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara 06800, Turkey
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Abstract
RATIONALE Researchers in psychiatry and neuroscience are increasingly recognizing the importance of gut-brain communication in mental health. Both genetics and environmental factors influence gut microbiota composition and function. This study examines host-microbe signaling at the gastrointestinal barrier to identify bottom-up mechanisms of microbiota-brain communication. OBJECTIVES We examined differences in gut microbiota composition and fecal miRNA profiles in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, in relation to gastrointestinal homeostasis and evaluated the response to perturbation of the gut microbiota by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS Differences in the gut microbiota composition between BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, evaluated by fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing, included significant differences in genera Prevotella, Alistipes, Akkermansia, and Ruminococcus. Significant differences in fecal miRNA profiles were determined using the nCounter NanoString platform. A BLASTn analysis identified conserved fecal miRNA target regions in bacterial metagenomes with 14 significant correlations found between fecal miRNA and predicted taxa relative abundance in our dataset. Treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics for 2 weeks resulted in a host-specific physiological response at the gastrointestinal barrier including a decrease in barrier permeability in BALB/c mice and alterations in the expression of barrier regulating genes in both strains. Genera Parabacteroides and Bacteroides were associated with changes in barrier function. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide insight into how specific taxa influence gut barrier integrity and function. More generally, these data in the context of recent published studies makes a significant contribution to our understanding of host-microbe interactions providing new knowledge that can be harnessed by us and others in future mechanistic studies.
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Nikulin SV, Knyazev EN, Gerasimenko TN, Shilin SA, Gazizov IN, Zakharova GS, Poloznikov AA, Shkurnikov MY. Non-Invasive Evaluation of Extracellular Matrix Formation in the Intestinal Epithelium. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 166:35-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Mantaj J, Abu-Shams T, Enlo-Scott Z, Swedrowska M, Vllasaliu D. Role of the Basement Membrane as an Intestinal Barrier to Absorption of Macromolecules and Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5802-5808. [PMID: 30380896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Full understanding of the barrier property of mucosal tissues is imperative for development of successful mucosal drug delivery strategies, particularly for biologics and nanomedicines. The contribution of the mucosal basement membrane (BM) to this barrier is currently not fully appreciated. This work examined the role of the BM as a barrier to intestinal absorption of model macromolecules (5 and 10 kDa dextrans) and 100 nm polystyrene nanoparticles. Dextrans and nanoparticles were applied either directly to BM-coated inserts or to an intestinal model, namely, differentiated intestinal epithelial monolayers (Caco-2) cultured on BM-modified inserts. The work shows that the BM per se does not impact the diffusion of dextran macromolecules but severely hinders the movement of nanoparticles. However, importantly, Caco-2 monolayers cultured on BM-coated inserts, which show a remarkably different morphology, display a significantly larger barrier to the translocation of one dextran, as well as nanoparticle systems compared to cells cultured on unmodified inserts. Therefore, this work shows that, in addition to presenting a direct physical barrier to the movement of nanoparticles, the BM also exerts an indirect barrier effect, likely due to its influence on epithelial cell physiology. This work is important as it highlights the currently unmet need to consider and further study the barrier properties of the BM in mucosal delivery of biologics and nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mantaj
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine , King's College London , London , SE1 9NH , U.K
| | - Tamara Abu-Shams
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine , King's College London , London , SE1 9NH , U.K
| | - Zachary Enlo-Scott
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine , King's College London , London , SE1 9NH , U.K
| | - Magda Swedrowska
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine , King's College London , London , SE1 9NH , U.K
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine , King's College London , London , SE1 9NH , U.K
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De Gregorio V, Imparato G, Urciuolo F, Netti PA. Micro-patterned endogenous stroma equivalent induces polarized crypt-villus architecture of human small intestinal epithelium. Acta Biomater 2018; 81:43-59. [PMID: 30282052 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine is the major site for digestion, drug and nutrient absorption, as well as a primary site for many diseases. Current in vitro gut models fail in reproducing the complex intestinal extracellular matrix (ECM) network of the lamina propria and the peculiar architecture of the crypt-villus axis. Here we proposed a novel in vitro human intestine model that mimics the intestinal stromal topography and composition and strictly reproduces the tissue polarity with the crypt-villus architecture. First we developed a 3D human intestinal stromal equivalent (3D-ISE) composed of human intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts (ISEMFs) embedded in their own extracellular matrix. Then, we seeded human colon carcinoma-derived cells (Caco-2) onto flat or patterned cell-synthetized stromal equivalent structure and cultured them until the formation of a well-oriented epithelium. We demonstrated that the patterned stroma increases the absorbing surface area, the epithelial proliferation rate, and the density of microvilli. In addition it induces changes in the biological functions of the epithelial cells such as enzymes and mucus production, polarization and tightness showing a physiological cell-lineage compartmentalization along the crypt/villi axes with the undifferentiated phenotypes at the base. At last, we reproduced an inflamed intestinal tissue model in which we identified the contribution of the stromal microenvironment by molecular (cytokines release and MMPs production) and immunofluorescence analyses and the effects of the epithelial-stromal cross-talk in the intestinal innate immunity by multiphoton investigation that revealed differences in the collagen network architecture. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The intestinal stroma morphology and composition has a fundamental role in crypt-villus development and appropriate epithelial cell-lineage compartmentalization. On this base, here we develop an engineered organotypic model of human intestine equivalent in which a functional epithelial/ECM crosstalk is recapitulated. Due to its accessible luminal surface it provides a new platform for preclinical studies of mucosal immunology and bowel inflammation as well as the assessment of pharmaco-toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza De Gregorio
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Imparato
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Urciuolo
- Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Production (DICMAPI) University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo A Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy; Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Production (DICMAPI) University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Vllasaliu D, Thanou M, Stolnik S, Fowler R. Recent advances in oral delivery of biologics: nanomedicine and physical modes of delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:759-770. [PMID: 30033780 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1504017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research into oral delivery of biologics has a long and rich history but has not produced technologies used in the clinic. The area has evolved in terms of strategies to promote oral biologics delivery from early chemical absorption enhancers to nanomedicine to devices. Continued activity in this area is justifiable considering the remarkable proliferation of biologics. AREAS COVERED The article discusses some physiological barriers to oral delivery of biologics, with a special focus on less characterized barriers such as the basement membrane. Recent progress in oral delivery of biologics via nanomedicine is subsequently covered. Finally, the emerging field of device-mediated gastrointestinal delivery of biotherapeutics is discussed EXPERT OPINION Oral delivery of biologics is considered a 'panacea' in drug delivery. Almost century-old approaches of utilizing chemical absorption enhancers have not produced clinically translated technologies. Nanomedicine for oral biologics delivery has demonstrated potential, but the field is relatively new, and technologies have not progressed to the clinic. Device-mediated oral biologics delivery (e.g. ultrasound or microneedles) is in its infancy. However, this space is likely to intensify owing to advances in electronics and materials, as well as the challenges and history related to clinical translation of alternative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driton Vllasaliu
- a School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine , King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Maya Thanou
- a School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine , King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Snjezana Stolnik
- b Division of Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Boots Science Building , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - Robyn Fowler
- c SuccinctChoice Medical Communications , London , United Kingdom
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Morphofunctional properties of a differentiated Caco2/HT-29 co-culture as an in vitro model of human intestinal epithelium. Biosci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29540534 PMCID: PMC5920134 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An intestinal 70/30 Caco2/HT-29 co-culture was set up starting from the parental populations of differentiated cells to mimic the human intestinal epithelium. Co-culture was harvested at confluence 0 (T0) and at 3, 6, 10, and 14 days post confluence after plating (T3, T6, T10, and T14, respectively) for morphological and functional analysis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed different features from T0 to T14: microvilli and a complete junctional apparatus from T6, mucus granules from T3, as also confirmed by PAS/Alcian Blue staining. The specific activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aminopeptidase N (APN), and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) progressively increased after T0, indicating the acquirement of a differentiated and digestive phenotype. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), indicative of the barrier properties of the monolayer, increased from T0 up to T6 reaching values very similar to the human small intestine. The apparent permeability coefficient for Lucifer Yellow (LY), along with morphological analysis, reveals a good status of the tight junctions. At T14, HT-29 cells reduced to 18.4% and formed domes, indicative of transepithelial transport of nutrients. This Caco2/HT-29 co-culture could be considered a versatile and suitable in vitro model of human intestinal epithelium for the presence of more than one prevalent intestinal cell type, by means of a minimum of 6 to a maximum of 14 post-confluence days obtained without the need of particular inducers of subclones and growth support to reach an intestinal differentiated phenotype.
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Langan LM, Owen SF, Jha AN. Establishment and long-term maintenance of primary intestinal epithelial cells cultured from the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Biol Open 2018. [PMID: 29514825 PMCID: PMC5898270 DOI: 10.1242/bio.032870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel method for the establishment and long-term maintenance of ex vivo cultures from intestinal regions of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), is reported. Adherence of cells was observed within hours, epithelial island formation recorded at 48 h and rapid proliferation with confluence achieved between 9-14 days. In addition to metabolic characterisation, basic morphology of growing cells was characterised using histology, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Regional differences in intestinal ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylation (ECOD) activities in these primary grown enterocytes were compared following exposure to model inducers [i.e. α-NF, β-NF, B(a)P] which demonstrated significant differences. Regional differences in dietary uptake and metabolism of contaminants can therefore be studied in this in vitro system to increase our understanding of fundamental processes, while concurrently providing a means to reduce the number of fish required for biological studies in line with the principles of the 3Rs (Reduce, Refine and Replace). This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Understanding chemical uptake from the diet is difficult in live fish: we developed long-term intestinal cell cultures that enables the science and provides an alternative method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Langan
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Stewart F Owen
- Global Sustainability, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TF, UK
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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Mizumachi S, Aritomi T, Sasaki K, Matsubara K, Hirao Y. Macromolecular crowded conditions strengthen contacts between mouse oocytes and companion granulosa cells during in vitro growth. J Reprod Dev 2018; 64:153-160. [PMID: 29459533 PMCID: PMC5902903 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macromolecular crowded culture medium formed by addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; molecular weight = 360 000), positively influences the viability, growth, and development of bovine
oocytes. Owing to its apparently various effects, uncovering the specific mechanisms of crowding responsible for these outcomes is important. The present study was conducted to determine the
effects of crowding on oocytes with a particular focus on the intimacy of contacts between oocyte and cumulus/granulosa cells. Growing mouse oocyte-granulosa cell complexes were cultured for
10 days in a modified α-minimum essential medium, supplemented with PVP at a concentration of 0%, 1%, 2%, or 3% (w/v). Although the complexes developed in all groups, 2% and 3% PVP medium
induced a substantial morphological modification, and a larger proportion of oocytes associated with cumulus cells survived in 3% PVP medium than in the 0% or 1% PVP medium. No significant
difference was found in the frequencies of polar body extrusion (78–88%) and blastocyst formation (approximately 40%) after in vitro fertilization among the experimental
groups. Confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated a higher number of transzonal processes reaching the oocyte from cumulus cells in 2% PVP medium than in 0% PVP medium. Transmission
electron microscopy depicted close adhesion of the oocyte with cumulus cells in 2% PVP medium —bearing a resemblance to their in vivo counterparts— and loose adhesion in 0%
PVP medium. In conclusion, we found that a mechanism for the action of crowded conditions involves the strengthening of contacts and communication between oocytes and companion
cumulus/granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Mizumachi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Taiki Aritomi
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Electron Microscope, Division of Technical Support, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuei Matsubara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yuji Hirao
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
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De Gregorio V, Imparato G, Urciuolo F, Netti PA. 3D stromal tissue equivalent affects intestinal epithelium morphogenesis in vitro. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1062-1075. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza De Gregorio
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIBIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaNaplesItaly
| | - Giorgia Imparato
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIBIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaNaplesItaly
| | - Francesco Urciuolo
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIBIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaNaplesItaly
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIBIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaNaplesItaly
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB)University of NaplesNaplesItaly
- Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Production (DICMAPI)University of NaplesNaplesItaly
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37
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Lepage M, Seltana A, Thibault MP, Tremblay É, Beaulieu JF. Knockdown of laminin α5 stimulates intestinal cell differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1510-1515. [PMID: 29198708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix regulate a wide range of cell processes such as proliferation and differentiation. Laminins are major components of the basement membrane that actively participate in most biological functions via their interactions with a variety of specific cell receptors. The α5-containing laminins (LAMA5) are one of the three main types of laminins identified at the epithelial basal lamina in the adult intestine. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of α5-containing laminins on intestinal cell proliferation and differentiation. Using an shRNA targeting approach, the effects of knocking down the expression of LAMA5 were investigated in the enterocytic-like Caco-2/15 cell line, a well-characterized model for intestinal cell differentiation. Surprisingly, the abolition of the laminin α5 chain resulted in a drastic increase in the differentiation marker sucrase-isomaltase which was correctly expressed at the apical pole of the cells as observed by indirect immunofluorescence. Transient increases of dipeptidylpeptidase IV, villin, CDX2, HNF-1α, HNF-4α and transepithelial resistance as well as an apparent redistribution of the junctional components ZO-1 and E-cadherin were also observed at early stages of differentiation but no specific effect was observed on cell proliferation as evaluated by BrdU incorporation. Taken together, these data suggest that α5-containing laminins repress intestinal differentiation in its early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Lepage
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Amira Seltana
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Thibault
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Tremblay
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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Fernández KF, González MA, Parada MS. Transport of biodegradable polymeric particles loaded with grape seed extract across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherina F. Fernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Concepción; Barrio Universitario s/n; P.O. Box 160-C, Correo 3 Concepción 4030000 Chile
| | - Marcelo A. González
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Concepción; Barrio Universitario s/n; P.O. Box 160-C, Correo 3 Concepción 4030000 Chile
| | - María S. Parada
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Concepción; Barrio Universitario s/n; P.O. Box 160-C, Correo 3 Concepción 4030000 Chile
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39
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Tong Z, Martyn K, Yang A, Yin X, Mead BE, Joshi N, Sherman NE, Langer RS, Karp JM. Towards a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system for the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells. Biomaterials 2017; 154:60-73. [PMID: 29120819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. The system, referred to as the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture, comprises a collagen IV-coated porous substrate and a collagen I gel overlay which sandwich an IEC monolayer in between. The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. Further, we apply our BLT Sandwich system to identify that the addition of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) improves the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts by nearly 2.5-fold. Notably, the BLT Sandwich culture is capable of expanding human-derived IECs with higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture, providing superior expansion of human LGR5+ ISCs. Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Tong
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, United States; Harvard - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, United States
| | - Keir Martyn
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, United States; Harvard - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, United States
| | - Andy Yang
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, United States; Harvard - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, United States
| | - Xiaolei Yin
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, United States; Harvard - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, United States; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, United States
| | - Benjamin E Mead
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, United States; Harvard - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, United States; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, United States; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, United States
| | - Nitin Joshi
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, United States; Harvard - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, United States
| | - Nicholas E Sherman
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, United States; Harvard - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, United States
| | - Robert S Langer
- Harvard - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering at MIT, United States; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, United States; Harvard - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, United States.
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Langan LM, Harper GM, Owen SF, Purcell WM, Jackson SK, Jha AN. Application of the rainbow trout derived intestinal cell line (RTgutGC) for ecotoxicological studies: molecular and cellular responses following exposure to copper. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:1117-1133. [PMID: 28785844 PMCID: PMC5617881 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an acknowledged need for in vitro fish intestinal model to help understand dietary exposure to chemicals in the aquatic environment. The presence and use of such models is however largely restrictive due to technical difficulties in the culturing of enterocytes in general and the availability of appropriate established cell lines in particular. In this study, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestinal derived cell line (RTgutGC) was used as a surrogate for the "gut sac" method. To facilitate comparison, RTgutGC cells were grown as monolayers (double-seeded) on permeable Transwell supports leading to a two-compartment intestinal model consisting of polarised epithelium. This two-compartment model divides the system into an upper apical (lumen) and a lower basolateral (portal blood) compartment. In our studies, these cells stained weakly for mucosubstances, expressed the tight junction protein ZO-1 in addition to E-cadherin and revealed the presence of polarised epithelium in addition to microvilli protrusions. The cells also revealed a comparable transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) to the in vivo situation. Importantly, the cell line tolerated apical saline (1:1 ratio) thus mimicking the intact organ to allow assessment of uptake of compounds across the intestine. Following an exposure over 72 h, our study demonstrated that the RTgutGC cell line under sub-lethal concentrations of copper sulphate (Cu) and modified saline solutions demonstrated uptake of the metal with saturation levels comparable to short term ex situ gut sac preparations. Gene expression analysis revealed no significant influence of pH or time on mRNA expression levels of key stress related genes (i.e. CYP3A, GST, mtA, Pgp and SOD) in the Transwell model. However, significant positive correlations were found between all genes investigated suggesting a co-operative relationship amongst the genes studied. When the outlined characteristics of the cell line are combined with the division of compartments, the RTgutGC double seeded model represents a potential animal replacement model for ecotoxicological studies. Overall, this model could be used to study the effects and predict aquatic gastrointestinal permeability of metals and other environmentally relevant contaminants in a cost effective and high throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Langan
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Glenn M Harper
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Alderly Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TF, UK
| | - Wendy M Purcell
- School of Biomedical and Health Care Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Simon K Jackson
- School of Biomedical and Health Care Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
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Hutton-Smith LA, Gaffney EA, Byrne HM, Maini PK, Gadkar K, Mazer NA. Ocular Pharmacokinetics of Therapeutic Antibodies Given by Intravitreal Injection: Estimation of Retinal Permeabilities Using a 3-Compartment Semi-Mechanistic Model. Mol Pharm 2017. [PMID: 28631484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intravitreally (IVT) injected macromolecules for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration must permeate through the inner limiting membrane (ILM) into the retina and through the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to enter the choroid. A quantitative understanding of intraocular transport mechanisms, elimination pathways, and the effect of molecular size is currently incomplete. We present a semimechanistic, 3-compartment (retina, vitreous, and aqueous) pharmacokinetic (PK) model, expressed using linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), to describe the molecular concentrations following a single IVT injection. The model was fit to experimental rabbit data, with Fab, Fc, IgG, and IgG null antibodies and antibody fragments, to estimate key ocular pharmacokinetic parameters. The model predicts an ocular half-life, t1/2, which is the same for all compartments and dependent on the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of the respective molecules, consistent with observations from the experimental data. Estimates of the permeabilities of the RPE and ILM are derived for Rh values ranging from 2.5 to 4.9 nm, and are found to be in good agreement with ex-vivo measurements from bovine eyes. We show that the ratio of these permeabilities largely determines the ratio of the molecular concentrations in the retina and vitreal compartments and their dependence on Rh. The model further provides estimates for the ratio of fluxes corresponding to the elimination pathways from the eye, i.e., aqueous humor to retina/choroid, which increase from 5:1 to 7:1 as Rh decreases. Our semimechanistic model provides a quantitative framework for interpreting ocular PK and the effects of molecule size on rate-determining parameters. We have shown that intraocular permeabilities can be reasonably estimated from 3-compartment ocular PK data and can determine how these parameters influence the half-life, retinal permeation, and elimination of intravitreally injected molecules from the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence A Hutton-Smith
- Wolfson Centre For Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Andrew Wiles Building, University of Oxford , Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, U.K
| | - Eamonn A Gaffney
- Wolfson Centre For Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Andrew Wiles Building, University of Oxford , Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, U.K
| | - Helen M Byrne
- Wolfson Centre For Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Andrew Wiles Building, University of Oxford , Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, U.K
| | - Philip K Maini
- Wolfson Centre For Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Andrew Wiles Building, University of Oxford , Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, U.K
| | - Kapil Gadkar
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Norman A Mazer
- Clinical Pharmacology, Roche Pharma Research Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , Bldg. 663/2130.12, Hochstrasse 16, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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42
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Engin AB, Nikitovic D, Neagu M, Henrich-Noack P, Docea AO, Shtilman MI, Golokhvast K, Tsatsakis AM. Mechanistic understanding of nanoparticles' interactions with extracellular matrix: the cell and immune system. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:22. [PMID: 28646905 PMCID: PMC5483305 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is an extraordinarily complex and unique meshwork composed of structural proteins and glycosaminoglycans. The ECM provides essential physical scaffolding for the cellular constituents, as well as contributes to crucial biochemical signaling. Importantly, ECM is an indispensable part of all biological barriers and substantially modulates the interchange of the nanotechnology products through these barriers. The interactions of the ECM with nanoparticles (NPs) depend on the morphological characteristics of intercellular matrix and on the physical characteristics of the NPs and may be either deleterious or beneficial. Importantly, an altered expression of ECM molecules ultimately affects all biological processes including inflammation. This review critically discusses the specific behavior of NPs that are within the ECM domain, and passing through the biological barriers. Furthermore, regenerative and toxicological aspects of nanomaterials are debated in terms of the immune cells-NPs interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Hipodrom, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Monica Neagu
- “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, Immunology Department, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petra Henrich-Noack
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Petru Rares, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mikhail I. Shtilman
- Master School Biomaterials, D.I. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Golokhvast
- Scientific Educational Center Nanotechnology, Engineering School, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Scientific Educational Center Nanotechnology, Engineering School, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete Greece
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Pajęcka K, Nielsen MN, Hansen TK, Williams JM. The formation of quiescent glomerular endothelial cell monolayer in vitro is strongly dependent on the choice of extracellular matrix coating. Exp Cell Res 2017; 353:16-25. [PMID: 28237245 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nephropathy involves pathophysiological changes to the glomerulus. The primary glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs) have emerged as an important tool for studying glomerulosclerotic mechanisms and in the screening process for drug-candidates. The success of the studies is dependent on the quality of the cell model. Therefore, we set out to establish an easy, reproducible model of the quiescent endothelial monolayer with the use of commercially available extracellular matrices (ECMs). METHODS Primary hGEnCs were seeded on various ECMs. Cell adhesion was monitored by an impedance sensing system. The localization of junctional proteins was assessed by immunofluorescence and the barrier function by passage of fluorescent dextrans and magnitude of VEGF response. RESULTS All ECM matrices except recombinant human laminin 111 (rhLN111) supported comparable cell proliferation. Culturing hGEnCs on rhLN521, rhLN511 or fibronectin resulted in a physiologically relevant barrier to 70kDa dextrans which was 82% tighter than that formed on collagen type IV. Furthermore, only hGEnCs cultured on rhLN521 or rhLN511 showed plasma-membrane localized zonula occludens-1 and vascular endothelial cadherin indicative of proper tight and adherens junctions (AJ). CONCLUSION We recommend culturing hGEnCs on the mature glomerular basement membrane laminin - rhLN521 - which, as the only commercially available ECM, promotes all of the characteristics of the quiescent hGEnC monolayer: cobblestone morphology, well-defined AJs and physiological perm-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Pajęcka
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | - Troels Krarup Hansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Arends F, Chaudhary H, Janmey P, Claessens MMAE, Lieleg O. Lipid Head Group Charge and Fatty Acid Configuration Dictate Liposome Mobility in Neurofilament Networks. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienna Arends
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Medical Engineering (IMETUM); Technical University of Munich; 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Himanshu Chaudhary
- Nanobiophysics group; MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Paul Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Mireille M. A. E. Claessens
- Nanobiophysics group; MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Medical Engineering (IMETUM); Technical University of Munich; 85748 Garching Germany
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45
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Gürcü B, Koca YB, Özkut M, Tuğlu Mİ. Matrix changes due to the toxic effects of metronidazole in intestinal tissue of fish (Onchorhynchus mykiss). CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1605-1610. [PMID: 26517388 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Metranidazole (MTZ) is an antibiotic used for parasitic infections in a number of species. Accumulation of this drug in the environment and its interaction with fish of economic value makes this drug particularly important. In the present study, we examined the histopathological effects of MTZ on the intestinal tissue of Oncorhynchus mykiss. The fish in aquarium were exposed to MTZ at doses of 5, 10, 20 mg/L for 2, 4 and 8 days. At the end of the experiments, macroscopic pathology or death were not observed at these doses. Histochemical staining with Haematoxylene-Eosin, Periodic Acid Schiff and Gomori Trichrome showed, depending on increased dose and prolonged duration, areas of necrosis, edema, inflammation, small tears at the tips of the villi and excretion with heterogenic distribution of the Goblet cells. Moreover, changes in the connective tissue of the intestines due to toxicity of MTZ and decreases in immunostaining of matrix proteins such as laminin and collagen IV, especially in the epithelium were observed. Findings of the present study would be useful to demonstrate the adverse effects of MTZ use, emphasizing the importance of the effect on fish which could be very important public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyhan Gürcü
- Celal Bayar University, School of Science and Letter, Department of Biology, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Yücel Başımoğlu Koca
- Adnan Menderes University, School of Science and Letter, Department of Biology, Aydın, Turkey.
| | - Mahmud Özkut
- Celal Bayar University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embriology, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet İbrahim Tuğlu
- Celal Bayar University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embriology, Manisa, Turkey.
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