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Raza SHA, Khan M, Ni X, Zhao X, Yang H, Jiang Y, Danzeng B, Ouyang Y, Pant SD, Zhong R, Quan G. Association of litter size with the ruminal microbiome structure and metabolomic profile in goats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15476. [PMID: 38969828 PMCID: PMC11226442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The Yunshang black goat is a renowned mutton specialist breed mainly originating from China that has excellent breeding ability with varying litter sizes. Litter size is an important factor in the economics of goat farming. However, ruminal microbiome structure might be directly or indirectly regulated by pregnancy-associated factors, including litter sizes. Therefore, the current experiment aimed to evaluate the association of different litter sizes (low versus high) with ruminal microbiome structure by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomic profiling of Yunshang black does. A total of twenty does of the Yunshang Black breed, approximately aged between 3 and 4 years, were grouped (n = 10 goats/group) into low (D-l) and high (D-h) litter groups according to their litter size (the lower group has ≤ 2 kids/litter and the high group has ≧ 3 kids/litter, respectively). All goats were sacrificed, and collected ruminal fluid samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and LC-MS/MC Analysis for ruminal microbiome and metabolomic profiling respectively. According to PCoA analysis, the ruminal microbiota was not significantly changed by the litter sizes among the groups. The Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla, with an abundance of 55.34% and 39.62%, respectively. However, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-009, Sediminispirochaeta, and Paraprevotella were significantly increased in the D-h group, whereas Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010 and Howardella were found to be significantly decreased in the D-l group. The metabolic profiling analysis revealed that litter size impacts metabolites as 29 and 50 metabolites in positive and negative ionic modes respectively had significant differences in their regulation. From them, 16 and 24 metabolites of the D-h group were significantly down-regulated in the positive ionic mode, while 26 metabolites were up-regulated in the negative ionic mode for the same group. The most vibrant identified metabolites, including methyl linoleate, acetylursolic acid, O-desmethyl venlafaxine glucuronide, melanostatin, and arginyl-hydroxyproline, are involved in multiple biochemical processes relevant to rumen roles. The identified differential metabolites were significantly enriched in 12 different pathways including protein digestion and absorption, glycerophospholipid metabolism, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, and the mTOR signaling pathway. Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis indicated that metabolites and microbial communities were tightly correlated and had significant differences between the D-l and D-h groups. Based on the results, the present study provides novel insights into the regulation mechanisms of the rumen microbiota and metabolomic profiles leading to different fertility in goats, which can give breeders some enlightenments to further improve the fertility of Yunshang Black goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiaojun Ni
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Provincial Genebank of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhao
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Provincial Genebank of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Provincial Genebank of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yanting Jiang
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Provincial Genebank of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Baiji Danzeng
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Provincial Genebank of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yina Ouyang
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
- Yunnan Provincial Genebank of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Sameer D Pant
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Ruimin Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guobo Quan
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.
- Yunnan Provincial Genebank of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China.
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He J, Zheng J, Huang Y, Li S, Hua L, Jiang X, Che L, Fang Z, Feng B, Lin Y, Xu S, Li J, Wu D. Benefits of maternal pectin supplementation in gestation diet on vaginal microbiota of sows and intestinal health of newborn piglets. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1392399. [PMID: 38895713 PMCID: PMC11183816 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1392399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pectin is a proven prebiotic and widely used in human health products. This study aims to assess the impact of dietary pectin supplementation during gestation on sow vaginal microbiota and the offspring's intestinal composition. Thirty sows were randomly allocated to two groups and fed a standard diet (CON) or a standard diet supplemented with 3 g/kg pectin (PEC). Blood, feces, and vaginal swab samples from the sows and blood, intestines issue, and colonic content samples from the offspring were collected and analyzed. The results indicate that the relative abundance of vaginal Lactobacillus was notably enhanced in the PEC group and fecal β-glucuronidase (β-G) activity and plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) concentration were also significantly increased in the PEC group. Newborn piglets were found to host different microbial communities as well. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria dominated in the CON group, and Firmicutes was predominant in the PEC group. Newborn piglets in the PEC group had a lower interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration in their plasma. The expression of intestinal cytokines of offspring was improved as well. Villus height and villus height/crypt depth (V/C) in the PEC group were extremely higher than those in the CON group. In conclusion, dietary pectin supplementation can be of benefit to both sows and newborn piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Riedel A, Vahjen W, Lautner M, Leiding C, Jung M, Zentek J, Schulze M. Acinetobacter in fresh faecal samples is related to sperm motility: A case report in Piétrain boars housed on different deep-litter bedding materials. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14616. [PMID: 38798188 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The swine gastrointestinal tract contains a great variety of microbes, forming a complex and dynamic ecosystem. Various internal and external factors (e.g. age, breed and diet) may influence its composition. This study aimed to investigate the gut microbial diversity of German Piétrain boars housed on different deep-litter bedding materials (regional wood shavings, linen, hemp, spelt husks, and wood shavings) via 16S-rDNA sequencing. Additionally, short-chain fatty acids were analysed using gas chromatography. Fresh faecal samples (n = 80) from 40 Piétrain boars were collected twice during the trial. Although it can be assumed that boars ingest bedding orally, no differences in the microbiome composition could be found. The main phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroides. Acinetobacter was identified as a biomarker for sperm quality differences (total sperm motility) in breeding boars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anine Riedel
- Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernau, Germany
| | - Wilfried Vahjen
- Institute of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Lautner
- Besamungsverein Neustadt a.-d. Aisch, Neustadt an der Aisch, Germany
| | - Claus Leiding
- Besamungsverein Neustadt a.-d. Aisch, Neustadt an der Aisch, Germany
| | - Markus Jung
- Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernau, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Institute of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Schulze
- Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernau, Germany
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Oh SM, Hosseindoust A, Ha SH, Mun JY, Moturi J, Tajudeen H, Choi YH, Lee SH, Kim JS. Importance of dietary supplementation of soluble and insoluble fibers to sows subjected to high ambient temperatures during late gestation and effects on lactation performance. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:73-83. [PMID: 38333572 PMCID: PMC10851196 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Heat stress adversely affects sows' performance, which can be improved by applying proper nutritional strategies. This study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of dietary fiber levels and sources on sows' reproductive performance, metabolic response during gestation, and the carry-over influence on litter performance in the lactation period during heat stress (average room temperature of 27.1 °C). Fifty-four multiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire; initial body weight of 236.3 ± 16 kg; 2, 3 and 4 parities) at d 90 of gestation were assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (9 sows/treatment), involving 2 dietary fiber levels (4.5% and 6% crude fiber) and 3 dietary fiber sources (wheat bran [WB], palm kernel meal [PK], and beet pulp [BP]). Sows fed the BP diet had highest (P < 0.01) feed intake and constipation index and lowest (P < 0.01) farrowing duration. Piglet weight (P = 0.041) and litter weight (P < 0.01) at weaning were higher in sows in the BP treatment compared to PK treatment. Sows in the BP treatment showed the greatest (P < 0.01) digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber. The fecal concentration of acetate was the lowest (P < 0.01) in the PK treatment. Total short-chain fatty acid production was increased in the WB and BP treatments compared with the PK. Sows in the BP treatment showed the lowest (P = 0.036) hair cortisol. The blood insulin concentration of sows was higher (P = 0.026) in the high fiber (6%) treatment compared with the low fiber (4.5%) treatment at 90 min and 120 min after the meal. The concentration of phthalic acid, succinic acid, phenylethylamine, hydrocinnamic acid, iron, linoleic acid, glycerol, ketone, and formamide were increased (P < 0.05) in the BP treatment compared with the WB. The BP treatment with high soluble fiber content improved the constipation index, farrowing duration, and litter performance, while high insoluble fibers increased sows comfort and reduced stress factors including respiratory rate and rectal temperature. Therefore, both soluble and insoluble sources of fiber are necessary to be added to the diet of gestating sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Oh
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju 63052, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Ha
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Mun
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Moturi
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Habeeb Tajudeen
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Han Choi
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyup Lee
- Department of Swine Science, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Boonprakob R, Vimolmangkang S, Tummaruk P. Impacts of supplementing Cannabis sativa byproducts during the transition period on behaviour, feed consumption, constipation levels, colostrum production and piglet performance in hyperprolific sows. Theriogenology 2024; 215:272-280. [PMID: 38103404 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In the modern swine industry, inflammation and pain in sows after farrowing represent a crucial animal welfare concern. Cannabis sativa, a medicinal plant, has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and is rich in fibre. The objective of this study is to examine the impacts of supplementing sows with Cannabis sativa byproducts during transition periods (7 days before and after farrowing) on various aspects including postpartum behaviour, feed intake, constipation, farrowing duration, colostrum yield and piglet performance. The experiment involved a total of 100 Landrace × Yorkshire sows. The sows were distributed according to parity numbers into two groups, i.e., control (n = 54) and treatment (n = 46). The control group was provided with a lactation diet at 3.0-3.5 kg per day for a period of 7 days before and after farrowing. The treatment groups received the same quantity of the diet but with an additional supplementation of 150 g/d of Cannabis sativa byproduct. The byproduct was analysed and contained 0.24 % (w/w) cannabidiol (CBD), resulting in a daily intake of 360 mg of CBD per sow. The conventional lactational diet had a dietary fibre content of 4.3 %, whereas the diet supplemented with Cannabis sativa byproduct had a higher dietary fibre content of 16.9 %. Video cameras were used to observe and document the behaviour of sows within the initial 24 h after farrowing. The duration in which sows engaged in activities such as sleeping, sitting, standing, feeding and nursing their piglets was quantified. Additionally, the rectal temperature of the sows was measured, and a temperature equal to or exceeding 39.5 °C was considered indicative of fever. The faecal score of the sows was assessed, and a faecal score of ≤2 was classified as constipation. On the third day postpartum, the proportion of sows with fever in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group (20.0 % and 38.9 % respectively, P = 0.051). Sows receiving supplementation with Cannabis sativa byproducts exhibited increased durations of standing and feeding compared to those in the control group (P < 0.05). Notably, overall, sows without constipation issues spent more time consuming feed than those experiencing constipation (P = 0.006). The prevalence of constipation was significantly lower in the treatment group compared to the control group (17.4 % and 81.5 %, respectively, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the postpartum sows demonstrated increased feed intake following supplementation with Cannabis sativa byproducts (P < 0.05). Sow colostrum yield, piglet colostrum intake, piglet mortality and other piglet traits did not differ between the control and treatment groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing Cannabis sativa byproducts during the transition periods in peri-parturient sows under tropical conditions resulted in a reduction in constipation issues and improved sow activities, such as increased time spent standing and consuming feed within the first 24 h postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafa Boonprakob
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Quality Assurance and Animal Health Office, Livestock Production Betagro Group, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Research Cluster for Cannabis and Its Natural Substances, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Padet Tummaruk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Centre of Excellence in Swine Reproduction, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Steventon C, Wicker L, Legione AR, Devlin JM, Harley D, Dobson E. A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN THE CAPTIVE LEADBEATER'S POSSUM ( GYMNOBELIDEUS LEADBEATERI) POPULATION FROM 1970 TO 2021. J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 54:511-519. [PMID: 37817616 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Leadbeater's possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) is a critically endangered nocturnal marsupial with a restricted range in the Central Highlands of Victoria, Australia. There are two genetically distinct populations divided by location: highland and lowland. Lowland possums exist in one remnant swamp forest and entered captivity in 2012 when ∼60 individuals remained. Today, with less than 20 lowland individuals remaining, any information that informs the yet-unsuccessful breeding program is critical. This study encompasses a retrospective analysis of the causes of mortality and significant histological lesions in captive highland and lowland individuals across seven institutions internationally from 1970 to 2021. During this time, 245 possums lived in captivity. Postmortem records exist for 99 animals, including 349 histopathology diagnoses from 80 reports and 264 gross necropsy diagnoses from 78 reports. Diagnoses were assigned into two categories based on the importance to the individual (causing death or morbidity to a single animal [n = 194]), or importance to the wider population (causing death or morbidity to more than one animal or was related to reproduction [n = 155]). Individual animals had multiple diagnoses, which were tallied as individual data points. Renal disease was diagnosed 57 times; the most common finding was chronic nephropathy (43/57). Cardiovascular disease was diagnosed 33 times; atherosclerosis associated with obesity was common (n = 10/33). Both categories suggest causal association with captive husbandry but elicit no comment on the lack of success of the breeding program. Reproductive disease was diagnosed 36 times in 24 animals (14 females and 10 males). In females, 11 cases of uterine inflammation and associated clinical signs were associated with ascending infection or neoplasia. Of the seven lowland male possums with mortality data, five were infertile (azoospermia or testicular atrophy). More investigation into the reproductive health of this population is indicated to understand the lack of success in the current breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Steventon
- Australian Wildlife Health Centre, Healesville Sanctuary, Zoos Victoria, Healesville, VIC 3777, Australia,
| | - Leanne Wicker
- Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria, Healesville, VIC 3777, Australia
| | - Alistair R Legione
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Joanne M Devlin
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Dan Harley
- Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria, Healesville, VIC 3777, Australia
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Xu B, Qin W, Chen Y, Tang Y, Zhou S, Huang J, Ma L, Yan X. Multi-omics analysis reveals gut microbiota-ovary axis contributed to the follicular development difference between Meishan and Landrace × Yorkshire sows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:68. [PMID: 37122038 PMCID: PMC10150527 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00865-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism by which Meishan (MS) sows are superior to white crossbred sows in ovarian follicle development remains unclear. Given gut microbiota could regulate female ovarian function and reproductive capacity, this study aimed to determine the role of gut microbiota-ovary axis on follicular development in sows. METHODS We compared the ovarian follicular development, gut microbiota, plasma metabolome, and follicular fluid metabolome between MS and Landrace × Yorkshire (L × Y) sows. A H2O2-induced cell apoptosis model was used to evaluate the effects of multi-omics identified metabolites on the apoptosis of porcine ovarian granulosa cells in vitro. RESULTS Compared with L × Y sows, MS sows have greater ovary weight and improved follicular development, including the greater counts of large follicles of diameter ≥ 5 mm, secondary follicles, and antral follicles, but lesser atretic follicles. The ovarian granulosa cells in MS sows had alleviated apoptosis, which was indicated by the increased BCL-2, decreased caspases-3, and decreased cleaved caspases-3 than in L × Y sows. The ovarian follicular fluid of MS sows had higher concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and insulin like growth factor 1 than L × Y sows. Gut microbiota of MS sows formed a distinct cluster and had improved alpha diversity, including increased Shannon and decreased Simpson than those of L × Y sows. Corresponding to the enhanced function of carbohydrate metabolism and elevated short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces, the differential metabolites in plasma between MS and L × Y sows are also mainly enriched in pathways of fatty acid metabolism. There were significant correlations among SCFAs with follicular development, ovarian granulosa cells apoptosis, and follicular fluid hormones, respectively. Noteworthily, compared with L × Y sows, MS sows had higher follicular fluid SCFAs concentrations which could ameliorate H2O2-induced porcine granulosa cells apoptosis in vitro. CONCLUSION MS sows have more secondary and antral follicles, but fewer atretic follicles and apoptotic ovarian granulosa cells, as well as harbored a distinctive gut microbiota than L × Y sows. Gut microbiota may participate in regulating ovarian follicular development via SCFAs affecting granulosa cells apoptosis in sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wenxia Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yimei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shuyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Juncheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Libao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xianghua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Gao T, Chen X, Liu Z, Diao X. Effects of soybean hulls and corn stalk on the performance, colostrum composition and faecal microflora of pregnant sows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:485-494. [PMID: 35514035 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different supplementation levels of soybean hulls and corn stalk in high-fibre gestation diet on the performance, colostrum composition and faecal microbiota of sows. Forty first-farrowing Danish Landrace sows were randomly assigned to five dietary treatment groups. The control (CON, 3.15% crude fibre) group was fed a normal diet, and the treatment groups were soybean hulls low-fibre (SHL, 6.00% crude fibre) group, soybean hulls high-fibre (SHH, 8.00% crude fibre) group, corn stalk low-fibre (CSL, 6.00% crude fibre) group and corn stalk high-fibre (CSH, 8.00% crude fibre) group. The weaning weight of the litter and the average daily feed intake of the lactating sows in the SHL, SHH and CSH groups were higher than those in the CON group (p < 0.05). The immunoglobulin A and G levels of the colostrum in the SHL, SHH, CSL and CSH groups were higher than those in the CON group (p < 0.05), and the immunoglobulin M levels in the SHL, SHH and CSH groups were higher than those in the CON group (p < 0.05). The abundance of Proteobacteria at the phylum level in the CON group was higher than that in the CSL, CSH and SHH groups (p < 0.05). The abundance of Lactobacillaceae at the family level in the SHH and CSL groups were higher than that in the CON group (p < 0.05). The abundance of Lactobacillus at the genus level in the SHH and CSL groups were higher than that in the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, SHH group had the best effect, and the optimal crude fibre level in the gestation diet of sows is 8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueying Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinping Diao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Vogt A, König von Borstel U, Waiblinger S, Palme R, Barth K. Fecal cortisol metabolites reflect transport stress in 3-month-old dairy calves pre- and postweaning: A pilot study. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2124-2136. [PMID: 36631319 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of fecal cortisol metabolites (FGCM) is a well-established, noninvasive method to assess stress in adult dairy cattle. However, this procedure has not yet been validated for unweaned dairy calves, and it can be expected that the milk proportion of the diet may influence the resulting FGCM concentrations. The aim of this study was therefore to assess whether a peak in FGCM concentrations in response to a stressor can be measured in unweaned dairy calves on a largely milk-based diet. If so, further objectives were to examine whether maximum FGCM concentrations, as well as the time lag until they are reached, are comparable to the values in the same calves on a solid-based diet after weaning. For this study, 5 German Holstein calves of about 3 mo of age (93 to 102 d preweaning) were exposed to a 45 min transport stressor once before and once after weaning, which was 3 wk apart. All voided fecal samples were collected for 24 h after termination of the transport. Fecal cortisol metabolites were analyzed with an 11-oxoetiocholanolone enzyme immunoassay and changes in FGCM concentrations relative to the individual baseline (FGCMrel) were calculated. Results showed a clear peak in FGCM concentrations on both diet types. The peak FGCMrel concentrations tended to be higher when the calves were on the preweaning diet (at peak: +233 ± 25% increase relative to baseline) in comparison to the postweaning diet (+124 ± 23%). Considering the whole 24 h sampling period, the FGCMrel concentrations for all calves were significantly higher on the preweaning diet than on the postweaning diet. There was also a numerical difference in the delay between occurrence of the stressor and appearance of the peak FGCMrel concentrations in feces, as the time lag was 1.5 ± 1.2 h longer when the calves were on the preweaning diet compared with the postweaning diet. In conclusion, our results suggest that FGCM concentrations are a useful stress marker for unweaned dairy calves in the same way they are for older cattle, but that FGCMrel concentrations tend to be higher in unweaned than in weaned calves and are thus not directly comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anina Vogt
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Behaviour and Welfare, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Uta König von Borstel
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Behaviour and Welfare, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Waiblinger
- Institute of Animal Welfare Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Palme
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin Barth
- Institute of Organic Farming, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, 23847 Westerau, Germany
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10
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Odakura AM, Caldara FR, Burbarelli MFDC, Almeida Paz ICDL, Garcia RG, Oliveira dos Santos VM, de Brito Mandu DF, Braz JM, Lourenço da Silva MI. Dietary Supplementation of Eubiotic Fiber Based on Lignocellulose on Performance and Welfare of Gestating and Lactating Sows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040695. [PMID: 36830483 PMCID: PMC9952275 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of partially fermentable insoluble dietary fiber supplementation on the behavior, surface temperature, and reproductive parameters of gestating and lactating sows, as well as on the performance of their litters. Four hundred hyper-prolific sows were assigned in a randomized block design with two treatment groups during the gestation phase: Control (C), corn-soy based diets, or corn-soy based diets with daily 55 g supplementation of eubiotic fiber (F) from the 85th day of gestation until the farrowing (late pregnancy). During the lactation phase, the sows were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial design using the following treatment groups: (1) CC, no fiber included during gestation and lactation. (2) FC, daily inclusion of 55 g of fiber only during late pregnancy. (3) CF, daily inclusion of 55 g of fiber only during lactation. (4) FF, daily inclusion of 55 g of fiber during late pregnancy and lactation. Sows that received dietary fiber supplementation during the final third of gestation increased feed intake during lactation. Piglets from sows supplemented in both phases showed a significant increase in weight at weaning. The dietary supplementation of eubiotic fiber for sows in the end period of gestation and lactation improved performance and welfare, with positive consequences for developing their litters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnês Markiy Odakura
- College of Agrarian Sciences (FCA), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabiana Ribeiro Caldara
- College of Agrarian Sciences (FCA), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia
- College of Agrarian Sciences (FCA), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Viviane Maria Oliveira dos Santos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | | | - Jaqueline Murback Braz
- College of Agrarian Sciences (FCA), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
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11
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Wang D, Tang G, Yu J, Li Y, Wang Y, Chen L, Lei X, Cao Y, Yao J. Litter size influences rumen microbiota and fermentation efficiency, thus determining host early growth in goats. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1098813. [PMID: 36744088 PMCID: PMC9895106 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1098813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple litters are accompanied by low birth weight, low survival rates, and growth rates in goats during early life. Regulating rumen microbiota structure can indirectly or directly affect host metabolism and animal growth. However, the relationship between high litter size and rumen microbiome, rumen fermentation, and growth performance in goat kids is unclear. Methods In the present study, thirty 6-month-old, female goats were investigated, of which 10 goats were randomly chosen from single, twin and triplet goats respectively, and their birth weight was recorded. From birth, all goats were subjected to the same feed and management practices. Individual weaning and youth body weight were measured, and the rumen fluid samples were collected to characterize the bacterial communities and to determine the ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA), free amino acids (AA), and free fatty acids (FA) concentration of those young goats. Results and Discussion Compared with the single and twin goats, triplet goats have lower weaning and youth body weight and average daily gain (ADG). Ruminal propionate, butyrate, and total VFA were decreased in triplet goats. Meanwhile, ruminal AA, such as branched chain amino acids (BCAA), essential amino acids (EAA), unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were decreased, while saturated fatty acids (SFA) and odd and branched chain fatty acids (OBCFA) were increased in triplet goats. Our results also revealed that litter size significantly affected the rumen bacterial communities, and triplet goats had a lower the Firmicutes: Bacteroidota ratio, the abundance of Firmicutes phylum, Rikenellaceae family, and Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and had a higher proportion of Prevotellaceae family, and several genera of Prevotellaceae, such as Prevotella, and unclassified f Prevotellaceae. Furthermore, Spearman's correlation network analysis showed that the changes in the rumen bacteria were associated with changes in rumen metabolites. In conclusion, this study revealed that high litter size could bring disturbances to the microbial communities and decrease the rumen fermentation efficiency and growth performance, which can be utilized to better understand variation in microbial ecology that will improve growth performance in triplet goats.
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Dai F, Lin T, Huang X, Shi X, Yang Y, Nong X, Zuo J, Liu H. Effects from supplementary feeding of bamboo powder in perinatal period on farrowing process, serum biochemical indexes, and fecal microbes of sows and offspring piglets. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1139625. [PMID: 37180231 PMCID: PMC10172644 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1139625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study was conducted to explore the effects of supplementary feeding of bamboo powder on the physical parameters of sows during the perinatal period of 7 days ± in parturition, including farrow duration, serum biochemical indexes, fecal physicochemical indexes, and microbial flora. Methods Thirty pregnant sows were randomly divided into three groups: the control group was fed a basal diet, TRE1 group and TRE2 group were fed a basal diet supplemented with 30 g d-1 and 60 g d-1 bamboo powder, respectively. Multiple parameters of sows and offspring piglets were determined. Results The contents of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride of sows in TRE2 group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The contents of serum malondialdehyde of sows in TRE2 and TRE1 groups were significantly lower than that in control group. The water content of sow feces in TRE2 group was significantly higher than that in control group, and the pH values of sows in TRE2 and TRE1 groups were significantly higher than that in control group. The richness index (Chao) of sow fecal bacterial community in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the Ace and Sobs indexes tended to be lower than those of the control group. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota in the feces of sows in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of the control group, while that of Fusobacteriota in the feces of suckling piglets in TRE2 group tended to be lower than that of the control group. At the genus level, among the Top10 dominant bacteria, the relative abundance of Tissierella in the feces of sows in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of the control group while that of Fusobacterium in the feces of suckling piglets in TRE2 group tended to be lower than that of the control group. The relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Terrisporobacter, Turicibacter, and Tissierella in the feces of sows in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of TRE1 group (p < 0.05), while Lactobacillus tended to be higher than that of TRE1 group (p < 0.10). Discussion The results suggested that supplementary feeding 60 g d-1 bamboo powder could increase the water content in the feces of sows, reduce the oxidative damage, and tend to reduce the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogenic Fusobacterium for suckling piglets, while it reduced the fecal microbial diversity of sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawen Dai
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo Pest Control and Resource Development, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Fawen Dai,
| | - Tao Lin
- Guang’an Feed Industry Management Office, Guang’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Huang
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo Pest Control and Resource Development, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolin Shi
- Beijing Vica Group Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yaojun Yang
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo Pest Control and Resource Development, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang Nong
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo Pest Control and Resource Development, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianjun Zuo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing Vica Group Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Yang F, Chen L, Duan S, Jin W, Liu Q, Xu H, Zhang W, Li Y, Wang J, He Z, Zhao Y. Intestinal microbial diversity in female rhesus ( Macaca mulatta) at different physiological periods. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:959315. [PMID: 36225360 PMCID: PMC9548999 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.959315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the relationship between the changes in the physiological period and the fecal microbial population of female rhesus monkeys by measuring microbial composition of fecal samples and the serum hormones. Blood and fecal samples were collected from six female adult rhesus monkeys during the menstrual period (MP), ovulation period (OP), and Luteal period (LP). Serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) levels were determined by the chemiluminescence method and the stool samples were subjected to high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. The highest level of E2 and P secretions were during the MP, and LP, respectively. Stool samples produced valid sequences and the number of operational taxonomic unit/OTU was: 810056/3756 (MP), 845242/4159 (OP), 881560/3970 (LP). At the phylum level, the three groups of Firmicutes and Bacteroides accounted for > 95%. The dominant flora at the LP was Bacteroides (53.85%), the dominant flora at the MP and OP was Firmicutes, 64.08 and 56.53%, respectively. At the genus level, the dominant genus at the LP was Prevotella, the dominant genera at the MP were Prevotella, Oncococcus, Streptococcus, and Kurtella. The dominant genera at OP were Prevotella and Nocococcus. At the phylum level, P levels were negatively correlated to Firmicutes, Actinomycetes Actinobacteria, and Fibrobacteres, but positively correlated to Bacteroidetes. Likewise, E2 was positively correlated to Proteobacteria but negatively correlated to Euryarchaeota. At the genus level, P hormone showed a significant correlation with 16 bacterial species, and E2 was significantly correlated to seven bacterial species. Function prediction analysis revealed a high similarity between the MP and OP with six differentially functional genes (DFGs) between them and 11 DFGs between OP and LP (P < 0.05). Fecal microbiota types of female rhesus monkeys varied with different stages of the menstrual cycle, possibly related to changes in hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhanlong He
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
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14
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The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Skeletal Muscle Development and Fat Deposition in Pigs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060793. [PMID: 35740199 PMCID: PMC9220283 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pork quality is a factor increasingly considered in consumer preferences for pork. The formation mechanisms determining meat quality are complicated, including endogenous and exogenous factors. Despite a lot of research on meat quality, unexpected variation in meat quality is still a major problem in the meat industry. Currently, gut microbiota and their metabolites have attracted increased attention in the animal breeding industry, and recent research demonstrated their significance in muscle fiber development and fat deposition. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the research on the effects of gut microbiota on pig muscle and fat deposition. The factors affecting gut microbiota composition will also be discussed, including host genetics, dietary composition, antibiotics, prebiotics, and probiotics. We provide an overall understanding of the relationship between gut microbiota and meat quality in pigs, and how manipulation of gut microbiota may contribute to increasing pork quality for human consumption.
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15
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Effects of micronized bamboo powder on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, cecal chyme microflora and metabolism of broilers aged 1-22 days. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:166. [PMID: 35437649 PMCID: PMC9015971 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Adding insoluble fiber to diet of broilers has been reported to improve intestinal health and promote growth performance. Bamboo powder is a cheap raw material with rich insoluble fiber. This study aims to explore the effects of feeding micronized bamboo powder (MBP) on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, intestinal microflora, and metabolism of broilers. A total of 1440 1-day-old slow-growing Ephedra chickens were randomly divided into three groups considering gender and body weight: (1) Group D: feeding with basal diet without antibiotics; (2) Group E: feeding with basal diet supplemented with 5% rice bran (RB); (3) Group F: feeding with basal diet supplemented with 1% MBP. Each group involved 8 replicates feeding for 22 days, with 60 chickens per replicate. Various indexes were detected. For the growth performance, the weight gain and feed consumption ratio (G: F) of Group F supplemented with MBP is 0.57 ± 0.04, which is significantly higher than that of E group supplemented with RB (0.52 ± 0.01, P < 0.05). For the serum biochemical indexes, the glutathione peroxidase activity in Group F is significantly higher than that of Group D, while the malondialdehyde content is significantly lower than that of Group D and Group E (P < 0.05 for all). The fresh cecal chyme is taken for determination. In Group F, the α diversity index Faith_pd is significantly lower in Group F than that of Group D. The microorganism species in cecal chyme of Group F and Group E are also different. The metabolic pathways of Group F, mainly in fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and intestinal immune IgA production, were different from those of Group D and Group E. Adding 1% MBP to broiler diet can enhance the anti-oxidant capacity, improve chyme microflora, regulate the metabolism pathways responsible for intestinal fatty acids, amino acids, and immunity.
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Oh S, Hosseindoust A, Ha S, Moturi J, Mun J, Tajudeen H, Kim J. Metabolic Responses of Dietary Fiber during Heat Stress: Effects on Reproductive Performance and Stress Level of Gestating Sows. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040280. [PMID: 35448467 PMCID: PMC9028640 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is an important issue, and the addition of fiber to the diet is an option in modifying intestinal health. This study evaluated the effect of acid detergent fiber (ADF) levels on reproductive performance, intestinal integrity, and metabolism of gestating sows, and its carry-over effect on the lactation period during heat stress. The diets included 4.3% (Low fiber; LF), 5.4% (Medium fiber; MF), and 6.5% (High fiber; HF) ADF. Sows fed the HF diet showed a lower respiratory rate, hair cortisol concentration, and farrowing duration compared with the LF treatment. The HF diet increased the pyruvate, citrate cycle, glyoxylate, dicarboxylate, and thiamine metabolism compared with the MF. The concentration of acetate and total short-chain fatty acids were increased in the sows fed the HF diet. The gene expression of glucose transporter 3 and glucose transporter 4 was increased in the HF treatment. The gene expression of heat shock protein 70 was decreased in the HF treatment. The HF diet during gestation increased feed intake, constipation index, piglet weight, and litter weight compared with the LF. Sows in the LF treatment showed the greatest digestibility of crude protein and the lowest digestibility of ADF. In conclusion, a 6.5% ADF level is recommended for gestating sows during heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeungMin Oh
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju 63052, Korea;
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (A.H.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
| | - SangHun Ha
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (A.H.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
| | - Joseph Moturi
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (A.H.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
| | - JunYoung Mun
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (A.H.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
| | - Habeeb Tajudeen
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (A.H.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
| | - JinSoo Kim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (A.H.); (S.H.); (J.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-8614
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17
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High fiber diet reduces stereotypic behavior of gilts but does not affect offspring performance. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Luo Z, Zhao Y, Zeng L, Yin J, Zeng Q, Li X, He J, Wang J, Tan B. Effects of Fermented Radix puerariae Residue on Nutrient Digestibility and Reproductive Performance of Sows. Front Nutr 2021; 8:715713. [PMID: 34527689 PMCID: PMC8435608 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.715713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented Radix puerariae residue (FRPR) on reproductive performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents of sows. A total of 36 landrace × large white multiparous sows were randomly arranged into three treatments, representing supplementation with 0, 2, and 4% FRPR to a corn-soybean meal and wheat bran-based diet during the whole gestation period. The results showed that dietary FRPR had no effects on litter size and the number of total alive piglets (P > 0.05), and that the number of weaned piglets and weaning weight of litter were increased in sows with 4% FRPR treatment compared with control treatment (P < 0.05). Dietary 4% FRPR significantly decreased constipation rate, improved the ATTD of dry matter and organics, and fecal contents of acetate, propionate, and total SCFAs (P < 0.05). In the offspring piglets, serum concentrations of total protein, alkaline phosphatase, IgG, IL-10, and TGF-β were increased, but blood urea nitrogen content was decreased with 4% FRPR treatment (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in all determined indexes except for fecal acetic acid and total SCFAs between control and 2% FRPR treatment (P > 0.05). These findings indicated that FRPR used in the diets of sows showed positive effects on fecal characteristics, utilization of nutrients, and reproductive performance. Maternal supplementation with 4% FRPR is recommended for improving immune responses, weaning litter size, and litter weight of offspring piglets, which provide useful information for the application of residues of R. puerariae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Liming Zeng
- College of Animal Science, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, The Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bi'e Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Crisci MA, Chen LX, Devoto AE, Borges AL, Bordin N, Sachdeva R, Tett A, Sharrar AM, Segata N, Debenedetti F, Bailey M, Burt R, Wood RM, Rowden LJ, Corsini PM, van Winden S, Holmes MA, Lei S, Banfield JF, Santini JM. Closely related Lak megaphages replicate in the microbiomes of diverse animals. iScience 2021; 24:102875. [PMID: 34386733 PMCID: PMC8346664 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lak phages with alternatively coded ∼540 kbp genomes were recently reported to replicate in Prevotella in microbiomes of humans that consume a non-Western diet, baboons, and pigs. Here, we explore Lak phage diversity and broader distribution using diagnostic polymerase chain reaction and genome-resolved metagenomics. Lak phages were detected in 13 animal types, including reptiles, and are particularly prevalent in pigs. Tracking Lak through the pig gastrointestinal tract revealed significant enrichment in the hindgut compared to the foregut. We reconstructed 34 new Lak genomes, including six curated complete genomes, all of which are alternatively coded. An anomalously large (∼660 kbp) complete genome reconstructed for the most deeply branched Lak from a horse microbiome is also alternatively coded. From the Lak genomes, we identified proteins associated with specific animal species; notably, most have no functional predictions. The presence of closely related Lak phages in diverse animals indicates facile distribution coupled to host-specific adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Crisci
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lin-Xing Chen
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Audra E. Devoto
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Adair L. Borges
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nicola Bordin
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rohan Sachdeva
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Adrian Tett
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Allison M. Sharrar
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Mick Bailey
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | - Rachel Burt
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | - Rhiannon M. Wood
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Paula M. Corsini
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Mark A. Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shufei Lei
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jillian F. Banfield
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne M. Santini
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
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20
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Chuang WY, Lin LJ, Shih HD, Shy YM, Chang SC, Lee TT. The Potential Utilization of High-Fiber Agricultural By-Products as Monogastric Animal Feed and Feed Additives: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072098. [PMID: 34359226 PMCID: PMC8300421 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase in world food demand, the output of agricultural by-products has also increased. Agricultural by-products not only contain more than 50% dietary fiber but are also rich in functional metabolites such as polyphenol (including flavonoids), that can promote animal health. The utilization of dietary fibers is closely related to their types and characteristics. Contrary to the traditional cognition that dietary fiber reduces animal growth, it can promote animal growth and maintain intestinal health, and even improve meat quality when added in moderate amounts. In addition, pre-fermenting fiber with probiotics or enzymes in a controlled environment can increase dietary fiber availability. Although the use of fiber has a positive effect on animal health, it is still necessary to pay attention to mycotoxin contamination. In summary, this report collates the fiber characteristics of agricultural by-products and their effects on animal health and evaluates the utilization value of agricultural by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yang Chuang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Jen Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Der Shih
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Yih-Min Shy
- Hsinchu Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Miaoli, Hsinchu 368, Taiwan;
| | - Shang-Chang Chang
- Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Pîntong 912, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Tai Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22840366; Fax: +886-4-22860265
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21
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Fan L, Liu B, Han Z, Ren W. Insights into host-microbe interaction: What can we do for the swine industry? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:17-23. [PMID: 33997327 PMCID: PMC8110873 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent discoveries have underscored the cross-talk between intestinal microbes and their hosts. Notably, intestinal microbiota impacts the development, physiological function and social behavior of hosts. This influence usually revolves around the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). In this review, we firstly outline the impacts of the host on colonization of intestinal microorganisms, and then highlight the influence of intestinal microbiota on hosts focusing on short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and tryptophan metabolite-mediated MGBA. We also discuss the intervention of intestinal microbial metabolism by dietary supplements, which may provide new strategies for improving the welfare and production of pigs. Overall, we summarize a state-of-the-art theory that gut microbiome affects brain functions via metabolites from dietary macronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bingnan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ziyi Han
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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22
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Xu B, Qin W, Yan Y, Tang Y, Zhou S, Huang J, Xie C, Ma L, Yan X. Gut microbiota contributes to the development of endometrial glands in gilts during the ovary-dependent period. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:57. [PMID: 33947457 PMCID: PMC8097987 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hyper-prolificacy Meishan gilts achieved a superior endometrial gland development (EGD) than white crossbred gilts during the ovary-independent period (before 60 d of age). Then, the EGD continues under the management of ovary-derived steroid hormones that regulated by gut microbiota (after 60 d of age). However, whether Meishan gilts’ superiority in EGD lasting to the ovary-dependent period (after 60 d of age) and the role of gut microbiota in this period both remain unclear. Methods Meishan gilts and Landrace x Yorkshire (LxY) gilts were raised under the same housing and feeding conditions until sexual maturity and then we compared their EGD and gut microbiota. Meanwhile, we transplanted fecal microbiota from Meishan gilts to L×Y gilts to explore the role of gut microbiota in EGD. We sampled plasma every 3 weeks and collected the uterus, ovary, liver, and rectal feces after the sacrifice. We then determined the hormone concentrations and expressions of the EGD-related genes. We also profiled the gut microbiota using 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolites of plasma and liver tissue using untargeted metabolomics. Finally, the correlation analysis and significant test was conducted between FMT-shifted gut microbes and EGD-related indices. Results Meishan gilts have larger endometrial gland area (P < 0.001), longer uterine horn length (P < 0.01) but lighter uterine horn weight (P < 0.05), a distinctive gut microbiota compared with L×Y gilts. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) increased endometrial gland area (P < 0.01). FMT markedly shifted the metabolite profiles of both liver and plasma, and these differential metabolites enriched in steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. FMT increased estradiol and insulin-like growth factor 1 but decreased progesterone dynamically. FMT also increased the expression of the EGD-related genes estrogen receptor 1 gene, epithelial cadherin, and forkhead box protein A2. There is a significant correlation between FMT-shifted gut microbes and EGD-related indices. Conclusion Sexually matured Meishan gilts achieved a superior EGD than LxY gilts. Meanwhile, gut microbiota contribute to the EGD potentially via regulating of steroid hormones during the ovary-dependent period. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00578-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wenxia Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yiqin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yimei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shuyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Juncheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chunlin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Libao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Xianghua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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23
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Shang Q, Liu S, Liu H, Mahfuz S, Piao X. Impact of sugar beet pulp and wheat bran on serum biochemical profile, inflammatory responses and gut microbiota in sows during late gestation and lactation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:54. [PMID: 33879267 PMCID: PMC8059298 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sows are frequently subjected to various stresses during late gestation and lactation, which trigger inflammatory response and metabolic disorders. Dietary fiber can influence animal health by modulating gut microbiota and their by-products, with the effects depending upon the source of the dietary fiber. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of different fiber sources on body condition, serum biochemical parameters, inflammatory responses and fecal microbiota in sows from late gestation to lactation. Methods Forty-five multiparous sows (Yorkshire × Landrace; 3–6 parity) were assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments from d 85 of gestation to the end of lactation (d 21 post-farrowing): a control diet (CON, a corn-soybean meal diet), a sugar beet pulp diet (SBP, 20% SBP during gestation and 10% SBP during lactation), and a wheat bran diet (WB, 30% WB during gestation and 15% WB during lactation). Results Compared with CON, supplementation of SBP decreased (P < 0.05) lactation BW loss, reduced (P < 0.05) serum concentration of total cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and increased (P < 0.05) fecal water content on d 110 of gestation and d 21 of lactation, while supplementation of WB reduced (P < 0.05) serum concentration of total cholesterol on d 110 of gestation, increased (P < 0.05) fecal water content and decreased (P < 0.05) serum interleukin-6 concentration on d 110 of gestation and d 21 of lactation. In addition, sows fed SBP had lower (P < 0.01) abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Terrisporobacter than those fed CON, but had greater (P < 0.05) abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002 than those fed the other two diets on d 110 of gestation. On d 21 of lactation, supplementation of SBP decreased (P < 0.05) the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus, but enriched (P < 0.05) the abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002, Prevotellaceae_UCG_001 and unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae compared with WB. Compared with CON, sows fed SBP had greater (P < 0.05) fecal concentrations of acetate, butyrate and total SCFAs during gestation and lactation, while sows fed WB only had greater (P < 0.05) fecal concentration of butyrate during lactation. Conclusions Supplementation of dietary fiber during late gestation and lactation could improve sow metabolism and gut health, and SBP was more effective than WB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hansuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shad Mahfuz
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
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24
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Zhang Y, Yin C, Schroyen M, Everaert N, Ma T, Zhang H. Effects of the Inclusion of Fermented Mulberry Leaves and Branches in the Gestational Diet on the Performance and Gut Microbiota of Sows and Their Offspring. Microorganisms 2021; 9:604. [PMID: 33804202 PMCID: PMC7998242 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented feed mulberry (FFM), being rich in dietary fiber, has not been fully evaluated to be used in sow's diet. In this study, we investigated the effects of 25.5% FFM supplemented in gestation diets on the performance and gut microbiota of sows and their offspring. Results showed that the serum concentration of glucose, progesterone, and estradiol were not affected by the dietary treatment, while the level of serum insulin and fecal short chain fatty acid were both reduced in FFM group on gestation day 60 (G60, p < 0.05). Additionally, FFM increased both voluntary feed intake and weaning litter weight (p < 0.05), while decreased the losses of both Backfat thickness and bodyweight throughout lactation (p < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing showed FFM supplementation significantly increased the diversity and relative abundance of sows' fecal microbiota on G60 (p < 0.05). The differential microbiota for sows from FFM group was that Bacteroidetes was increased on G60 while Firmicutes were decreased on Lactation day 7 (L7, p < 0.05), and which for the FFM piglets was that both unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae on L0 and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae on L7 were increased (p < 0.05). In short, FFM can be recognized as a potential feed ingredient used in sow's diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (M.S.); (N.E.)
| | - Chang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Martine Schroyen
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (M.S.); (N.E.)
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (M.S.); (N.E.)
| | - Teng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (H.Z.)
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25
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Tian M, Chen J, Liu J, Chen F, Guan W, Zhang S. Dietary fiber and microbiota interaction regulates sow metabolism and reproductive performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:397-403. [PMID: 33364455 PMCID: PMC7750804 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber is a critical nutrient in sow diet and has attracted interest of animal nutritionists for many years. In addition to increase sows’ satiety, dietary fiber has been found to involve in the regulation of multiple biological functions in the sow production. The interaction of dietary fiber and gut microbes can produce bioactive metabolites, which are of great significance to sows' metabolism and reproductive performance. This article reviewed the interaction between dietary fiber and gut microbes in regulating sows' gut microbial diversity, intestinal immune system, lactation, and production performance, with the aim to provide a new strategy for the use of dietary fiber in sow diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tian
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaming Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 516042, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 516042, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 516042, China
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26
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Uryu H, Tsukahara T, Ishikawa H, Oi M, Otake S, Yamane I, Inoue R. Comparison of Productivity and Fecal Microbiotas of Sows in Commercial Farms. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1469. [PMID: 32987859 PMCID: PMC7599717 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sow productivity, that is, the number of weaned piglets per sow per year, depends on their health status. The gut microbiota is considered a crucial factor in the health of pigs and may affect sow productivity. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between productivity and the fecal microbiotas of sows in different farms. Feces of sows were collected from 18 farms (10 samples/farm). A total of 90 fecal samples of high-reproductive performance farms were labeled as group H, and 90 fecal samples from low-reproductive performance farms were labeled as group L. Fecal microbiotas were analyzed by 16S rRNA metagenomics, and the organic acids and putrefactive metabolites of the microbiotas were measured. β-diversity was significantly different between groups H and L (P < 0.01), and the relative abundances of 43 bacterial genera, including short-chain fatty acid-producing and fiber-degrading bacteria such as Ruminococcus, Fibrobacter and Butyricicoccus, significantly differed between groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the concentrations of acetate, propionate and n-butyrate were significantly higher in group H than in group L (P < 0.05). In conclusion, sow productivity in farms was likely associated with the compositions of the fecal microbiotas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Uryu
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan;
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | | | - Hiromichi Ishikawa
- The Japanese Association of Swine Veterinarians (JASV), Ibaraki 300-1260, Japan; (H.I.); (M.O.); (S.O.)
| | - Munetaka Oi
- The Japanese Association of Swine Veterinarians (JASV), Ibaraki 300-1260, Japan; (H.I.); (M.O.); (S.O.)
| | - Satoshi Otake
- The Japanese Association of Swine Veterinarians (JASV), Ibaraki 300-1260, Japan; (H.I.); (M.O.); (S.O.)
| | - Itsuro Yamane
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) (National Institute of Animal Health), Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan;
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan;
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
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27
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The Effect of Different Doses of Zearalenone in Feed on the Bioavailability of Zearalenone and Alpha-Zearalenol, and the Concentrations of Estradiol and Testosterone in the Peripheral Blood of Pre-Pubertal Gilts. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030144. [PMID: 32111008 PMCID: PMC7150765 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of long-term (48 days), per os administration of specific zearalenone (ZEN) doses (20 and 40 μg ZEN/kg BW in experimental groups EI and EII, which were equivalent to 200% and 400% of the upper range limit of the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL), respectively) on the bioavailability of ZEN and the rate of changes in estradiol and testosterone concentrations in the peripheral blood of pre-pubertal gilts. ZEN and α-ZEL levels were similar until day 28. After day 28, α-ZEL concentrations increased significantly in group EI, whereas a significant rise in ZEN levels was noted in group EII. The presence of estradiol in peripheral blood plasma was not observed until day 20 of the experiment. Spontaneous secretion of estradiol was minimal, and it was determined at very low levels of up to 10 pg/mL in EI and EII groups. Testosterone concentrations ranged from 4 to 9 ng/mL in all groups. A decrease in the concentrations of both analyzed hormones was reported in the last stage of the experiment. The results of the experiment indicate that: (i) The bioavailability of ZEN in peripheral blood has low diagnostic value, (ii) exposure to low doses of ZEN induces minor changes in the concentrations of the analyzed hormones, which could lead to situational supraphysiological hormone levels and changes in endogenous hormonal balance.
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Tian S, Shi Q, Zhu Y, Yang H, Wang J, Zhu W. Significant changes in caecal microbial composition and metabolites of weaned piglets after protein restriction and succedent realimentation. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:1126-1133. [PMID: 31840859 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of protein restriction and subsequent realimentation on caecal barrier function, caecal microbial composition and metabolites in weaned piglets. Thirty-six 28-day-old weaned piglets were randomly assigned to a control group and a treatment group. The piglets were fed diets containing 18.83% (normal) or 13.05% (low) of crude protein from the 1st to 14th day, after which all piglets were fed diets containing 18.83% of crude protein from the 15th to 28th day. The results showed that protein restriction increased caecal bacterial diversity and richness as well as the abundance of Ruminococcus 2, Faecalibacterium and Lachnospiraceae_uncultured, but reduced the abundance and the gene copies of Lactobacillus in the treatment group compared with the control group on day 14. Protein restriction also decreased the concentrations of isovaleric acid and total branched-chain fatty acids. During the succedent protein realimentation stage, the abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 and the concentrations of lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid and total short-chain fatty acids were increased in the treatment group on day 28. Furthermore, the ammonia concentration was reduced, while the gene mRNA levels of caecal barrier function were increased in the treatment group both on days 14 and 28. In conclusion, dietary protein restriction and realimentation could change caecal microbial composition and metabolites, and eventually influence caecal barrier function. The present study may provide a new insight into protein restriction and realimentation in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yizhi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huairong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Rykaczewska A, Gajęcka M, Onyszek E, Cieplińska K, Dąbrowski M, Lisieska-Żołnierczyk S, Bulińska M, Babuchowski A, Gajęcki MT, Zielonka Ł. Imbalance in the Blood Concentrations of Selected Steroids in Pre-pubertal Gilts Depending on the Time of Exposure to Low Doses of Zearalenone. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E561. [PMID: 31557818 PMCID: PMC6832454 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin that not only binds to estrogen receptors, but also interacts with steroidogenic enzymes and acts as an endocrine disruptor. The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that low doses, minimal anticipated biological effect level (MABEL), no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and lowest-adverse-effect level (LOAEL), of ZEN administered orally for 42 days can induce changes in the peripheral blood concentrations of selected steroid hormones (estradiol, progesterone and testosterone) in pre-pubertal gilts. The experiment was performed on 60 clinically healthy gilts with average BW of 14.5 ± 2 kg, divided into three experimental groups and a control group. Group ZEN5 animals were orally administered ZEN at 5 μg ZEN/kg BW, group ZEN10 - at 10 μg ZEN/kg BW, group ZEN15 - at 15 μg ZEN/kg BW, whereas group C received a placebo. Five gilts from every group were euthanized on analytical dates 1, 2 and 3 (days 7, 14 and 42 of the experiment). Qualitative and quantitative changes in the biotransformation of low ZEN doses were observed. These processes were least pronounced in group ZEN5 (MABEL dose) where ZEN metabolites were not detected on the first analytical date, and where β-ZEL was the predominant metabolite on successive dates. The above was accompanied by an increase in the concentration of estradiol (E2) which, together with "free ZEN", probably suppressed progesterone (P4) and testosterone (T) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rykaczewska
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Gajęcka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ewa Onyszek
- Dairy Industry Innovation Institute Ltd., 11-700 Mrągowo, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Cieplińska
- Microbiology Laboratory, Non-Public Health Care Centre, ul. Limanowskiego 31A, 10-342 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Lisieska-Żołnierczyk
- Independent Public Health Care Centre of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, and the Warmia and Mazury Oncology Centre in Olsztyn, Wojska Polskiego 37, 10-228 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Maria Bulińska
- Department of Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 34, 10-710 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | | | - Maciej T Gajęcki
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Zielonka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
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