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Kacar E, Oz ZD, Serhatlioglu I, Kaya Tektemur N, Ozdede MR, Yalcin T, Ozbeg G, Ozgen A, Tan F, Orhan SU, Zorlu O, Ucer A, Yasar A, Yilmaz B, Kelestimur H. Asprosin-induced alterations in female rat puberty and reproductive hormonal profiles. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39092983 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2024.2386279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the comprehensive effects of daily chronic asprosin administration on various pubertal and reproductive parameters in female rats. This study aims to elucidate the role of asprosin in regulating the onset of puberty and its influence on hormonal profiles and ovarian histology. METHODS Asprosin was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 500 ng/kg daily for eight weeks. Hormonal assays and histological analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of asprosin on the onset of puberty and reproductive function. RESULTS Daily chronic administration of asprosin accelerated the onset of the first oestrus. Hormonal assays revealed significant elevations in serum levels of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Oestradiol (E2), while Inhibin B levels decreased. Histological evaluations demonstrated an increased number of primary and secondary follicles in ovarian tissue, without affecting primordial follicle counts or reproductive organ weights. CONCLUSIONS Role of adipokines in regulating puberty and reproductive function has increasingly gained recognition. This study aimed to provide the first comprehensive examination of the effects of daily chronic asprosin administration on pubertal and reproductive parameters in female rats. Utilising hormonal assays and histological analyses, asprosin was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 500 ng/kg, daily, for eight weeks. Our findings revealed that daily chronic administration of asprosin accelerated the onset of the first oestrus. Hormonal assays showed significant elevations in serum levels of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Oestradiol (E2), while Inhibin B levels decreased. Histological evaluations demonstrated an increased number of primary and secondary follicles in ovarian tissue, without affecting primordial follicle counts or reproductive organ weights. These results provide new insights into asprosin's role in advancing the age of first oestrus and modulating hormonal profiles, thereby offering potential benefits to the female reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Kacar
- Department of Physiology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Dila Oz
- Department of Physiology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Tugce Yalcin
- Department of Physiology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Gulendam Ozbeg
- Department of Physiology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Aslisah Ozgen
- Department of Physiology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Fatih Tan
- Vocational School of Health Services, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey
| | | | - Ozge Zorlu
- Department of Biophysics, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Aysun Ucer
- Department of Biophysics, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Yasar
- Vocational School of Health Services, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Haluk Kelestimur
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Al Zein M, Akomolafe AF, Mahmood FR, Khrayzat A, Sahebkar A, Pintus G, Kobeissy F, Eid AH. Leptin is a potential biomarker of childhood obesity and an indicator of the effectiveness of weight-loss interventions. Obes Rev 2024:e13807. [PMID: 39044542 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity represents a significant public health concern, imposing a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Furthermore, weight-loss programs often exhibit reduced effectiveness in adults who have a history of childhood obesity. Therefore, early intervention against childhood obesity is imperative. Presently, the primary method for diagnosing childhood obesity relies on body mass index (BMI), yet this approach has inherent limitations. Leptin, a satiety hormone produced by adipocytes, holds promise as a superior tool for predicting both childhood and subsequent adulthood obesity. In this review, we elucidate the tools employed for assessing obesity in children, delve into the biological functions of leptin, and examine the factors governing its expression. Additionally, we discuss maternal and infantile leptin levels as predictors of childhood obesity. By exploring the relationship between leptin levels and weight loss, we present leptin as a potential indicator of the effectiveness of obesity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Zein
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Fathima R Mahmood
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Khrayzat
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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3
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Zhu L, Zhou X, Ma L, Hu Y. Effect of TSH on aromatase expression of ovarian granulosa cells in obese mice. Hormones (Athens) 2024:10.1007/s42000-024-00571-w. [PMID: 38872063 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-024-00571-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aromatase plays an important role in ovarian development, the normal progress of the menstrual cycle, and fertility status. Elevated aromatase activity is linked to obesity. There is a bidirectional relationship between obesity and thyroid function. Few studies have investigated the relationship between TSH and ovarian aromatase in obesity. Our aim was to investigate the effect of TSH on aromatase expression of ovarian granulosa cells in obese mice. METHODS Female mice pups were divided into an obesity group and a control group. Obese parameters and the time of pubertal onset were recorded. At the age of 5 weeks, blood and tissues were obtained. Serum aromatase and hormone concentrations were measured using ELISA. The granulosa cells were isolated and exposed to variable concentrations (0 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM) of TSH. The expression of CYP19A1 mRNA and protein were assessed via RT-qPCR and western blot. RESULTS In female mice, body weight, Lee's obesity index, and serum levels of E2, aromatase, and TSH were significantly higher in the obesity group compared to the control group, whereas the time of pubertal onset and serum T3 and T4 concentrations were significantly lower (all P < 0.001). In granulosa cells, the expression of CYP19A1 mRNA in the obesity group was lower than that in the control group at 1 μM and 100 μM concentrations of TSH (both P < 0.001). The expression of CYP19A1 protein in the obesity group was higher than that in the control group after TSH stimulation (P = 0.014, P < 0.001, and P = 0.004, respectively). With the increase of TSH concentrations, the expression of CYP19A1 mRNA and protein in the two groups significantly increased (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Early puberty and elevated serum aromatase and TSH levels were found in obese female mice. In the granulosa cells of obese mice, TSH directly regulates aromatase expression in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinhui Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Lanling County People's Hospital, Linyi, 277700, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Pingyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Linyi, 273300, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276000, Shandong Province, China.
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Yi C, Zou H, Lin X, Liu S, Wang J, Tian Y, Deng X, Luo J, Li C, Long Y. Zhibai dihuang pill (ZBDH) exhibits therapeutic effects on idiopathic central sexual precocity in rats by modulating the gut microflora. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29723. [PMID: 38707434 PMCID: PMC11066310 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
To reveal the role of gut microbiota (GM) in the occurrence and development of idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) using 16S rDNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The Danazol-induced ICPP model was successfully constructed in this study. ZBDH and GnRHa treatments could effectively inhibit ICPP in rats, as manifested by the delayed vaginal opening time, reduced weight, decreased uterine organ coefficient, and decreased uterine wall thickness and corpus luteum number, as well as remarkably reduced serum hormone (LH, FSH, and E2) levels. According to 16S rDNA sequencing analysis results, there was no significant difference in the GM community diversity across different groups; however, the composition of the microbial community and the abundance of the dominant microbial community were dramatically different among groups. ZBDH and GnRHa treatments could effectively reduce the abundance of Muribaculateae and Lactobacillus and promote Prevotella abundance. ZBDH and GnRHa were effective in treating Danazol-induced ICPP model rats. The therapeutic effects of ZBDH and GnRHa could be related to the changes in GM in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhong Yi
- Children's Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, PR China
| | - Hui Zou
- Children's Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Lin
- Children's Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, PR China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Children's Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- Children's Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, PR China
| | - Yuquan Tian
- Children's Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, PR China
| | - Xujing Deng
- Children's Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, PR China
| | - Jianhong Luo
- Children's Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, PR China
| | - Chan Li
- Children's Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, PR China
| | - Yin Long
- Children's Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, PR China
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Barbagallo F, Cannarella R, Garofalo V, Marino M, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Tiranini L, Nappi RE, Calogero AE. The Role of Irisin throughout Women's Life Span. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3260. [PMID: 38137481 PMCID: PMC10741019 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery, much attention has been drawn to irisin's potential role in metabolic and reproductive diseases. This narrative review summarizes and updates the possible role played by this fascinating molecule in different physiological (puberty and menopause) and pathological (polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), endometriosis, and gestational diabetes) conditions that can affect women throughout their entire lives. Irisin appears to be an important factor for the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activation, and appears to play a role in the timing of puberty onset. Serum irisin levels have been proposed as a biomarker for predicting the future development of gestational diabetes (GDM). Its role in PCOS is still controversial, although an "irisin resistance" mechanism has been hypothesized. In addition to its impact on metabolism, irisin also appears to influence bone health. Irisin levels are inversely correlated with the prevalence of fractures in postmenopausal women. Similar mechanisms have also been postulated in young women with FHA. In clinical settings, further controlled, prospective and randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate the casual relationship between irisin levels and the conditions described and, in turn, to establish the role of irisin as a prognostic/diagnostic biomarker or a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44125, USA
| | - Vincenzo Garofalo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Marta Marino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Rosita A. Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Lara Tiranini
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.T.); (R.E.N.)
| | - Rossella E. Nappi
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.T.); (R.E.N.)
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Gynecological Endocrinology and Menopause, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aldo E. Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.B.); (V.G.); (M.M.); (S.L.V.); (R.A.C.); (A.E.C.)
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Stathori G, Tzounakou AM, Mastorakos G, Vlahos NF, Charmandari E, Valsamakis G. Alterations in Appetite-Regulating Hormones in Girls with Central Early or Precocious Puberty. Nutrients 2023; 15:4306. [PMID: 37836591 PMCID: PMC10574110 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls has increased worldwide and is often associated with obesity in childhood as well as high fat/high glycemic index diets. Evidence suggests that subjects with obesity present with alterations in appetite-regulating hormones. The arcuate and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus are the centers of action of appetite hormones, as well as the location of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, the activation of which results in the onset of puberty. This anatomical proximity raises the question of possible alterations in appetite-regulating hormones in patients with CPP. Furthermore, diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation constitutes a probable mechanism of the pathophysiology of CPP, as well as alterations in appetite-regulating hormones in young children. In this article, we summarize the evidence investigating whether girls with CPP present with alterations in appetite-regulating hormones. We present evidence that leptin concentrations are elevated in girls with CPP, ghrelin concentrations are lower in girls with CPP, nesfatin-1 and orexin-A concentrations are elevated among girls with premature thelarche, and insulin concentrations are increased in girls with early menarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galateia Stathori
- Center for the Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.S.); (A.-M.T.)
| | - Anastasia-Maria Tzounakou
- Center for the Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.S.); (A.-M.T.)
| | - George Mastorakos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aretaieion’ University Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (N.F.V.); (G.V.)
| | - Nikolaos F. Vlahos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aretaieion’ University Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (N.F.V.); (G.V.)
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Center for the Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.S.); (A.-M.T.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Valsamakis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aretaieion’ University Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (N.F.V.); (G.V.)
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7
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Najafi R, Heidarianpour A, Shokri E, Shokri B. Ameliorative effects of aerobic training in girls with precocious puberty: role of leptin and ghrelin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15732. [PMID: 37735188 PMCID: PMC10575917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was an attempt to examine the changes in serum levels of ghrelin and leptin after 12-weeks of aerobic training and gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH) treatment in girls with central precocious puberty. Thirty girls (6-8 years old) with precocious puberty who had received Triptorelin were randomly divided in two groups (medication and medication + training). Fifteen age-matched healthy girls (without precocious puberty) were also included as the control group. The medication + training group submitted an aerobic training program for 3 days/week with 20-75 min per day and 45-75% of maximum heart rate for 12-weeks. Serum levels of leptin, ghrelin, cholesterol, triglycerides and body mass index (BMI) were determined at baseline and 48 h after the last training session. The results indicated that leptin significantly decreased (p = 0.001) and ghrelin significantly increased (p = 0.001) in the medication + training group but no significant difference was observed in the ghrelin (p = 1) and leptin (p = 0.78) in the medication group. Leptin to ghrelin ratio indicated a decrease in medicine + training group (p = 0.028). Ghrelin were negatively correlated with leptin and BMI. The data indicated that aerobic training increased ghrelin and reduced leptin and leptin to ghrelin ratio but GnRH agonist treatment had no effect on plasma leptin and ghrelin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramyar Najafi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | | | - Elnaz Shokri
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Behnaz Shokri
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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8
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Prince C, Howe LD, Sharp GC, Fraser A, Richmond RC. Establishing the relationships between adiposity and reproductive factors: a multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis. BMC Med 2023; 21:350. [PMID: 37697382 PMCID: PMC10496263 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated associations between adiposity and reproductive factors using causal methods, both of which have a number of consequences on women's health. Here we assess whether adiposity at different points in the lifecourse affects reproductive factors differently and independently, and the plausibility of the impact of reproductive factors on adiposity. METHODS We used genetic data from UK Biobank (273,238 women) and other consortia (EGG, GIANT, ReproGen and SSGAC) for eight reproductive factors: age at menarche, age at menopause, age at first birth, age at last birth, number of births, being parous, age first had sexual intercourse and lifetime number of sexual partners, and two adiposity traits: childhood and adulthood body size. We applied multivariable Mendelian randomization to account for genetic correlation and to estimate the causal effects of childhood and adulthood adiposity, independently of each other, on reproductive factors. Additionally, we estimated the effects of reproductive factors, independently of other relevant reproductive factors, on adulthood adiposity. RESULTS We found a higher childhood body size leads to an earlier age at menarche, and an earlier age at menarche leads to a higher adulthood body size. Furthermore, we find contrasting and independent effects of childhood and adulthood body size on age at first birth (beta 0.22 SD (95% confidence interval: 0.14, 0.31) vs - 2.49 (- 2.93, - 2.06) per 1 SD increase), age at last birth (0.13 (0.06,0.21) vs - 1.86 (- 2.23, - 1.48) per 1 SD increase), age at menopause (0.17 (0.09, 0.25) vs - 0.99 (- 1.39, - 0.59) per 1 SD increase), and likelihood of having children (Odds ratio 0.97 (0.95, 1.00) vs 1.20 (1.06, 1.37) per 1 SD increase). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering a lifecourse approach when investigating the inter-relationships between adiposity measures and reproductive events, as well as the use of 'age specific' genetic instruments when evaluating lifecourse hypotheses in a Mendelian randomization framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Prince
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Laura D Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gemma C Sharp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Abigail Fraser
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Borkar NA, Ambhore NS, Balraj P, Ramakrishnan YS, Sathish V. Kisspeptin regulates airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in a mouse model of asthma. J Pathol 2023; 260:339-352. [PMID: 37171283 PMCID: PMC10759912 DOI: 10.1002/path.6086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a multifactorial disease of origin characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway remodeling. Several pieces of evidence from other pathologies suggest that Kisspeptins (Kp) regulate cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, mechanisms that are highly relevant to asthma. Our recent in vitro studies show Kp-10 (active peptide of Kp), via its receptor, KISS1R, inhibits human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation. Here, we hypothesize a crucial role for Kp-10 in regulating AHR and airway remodeling in vivo. Utilizing C57BL/6J mice, we assessed the effect of chronic intranasal Kp-10 exposure on mixed allergen (MA)-induced mouse model of asthma. MA-challenged mice showed significant deterioration of lung function compared to those exposed to vehicle (DPBS); Kp-10 treatment significantly improved the MA-altered lung functions. Mice treated with Kp-10 alone did not show any notable changes in lung functions. MA-exposed mice showed a significant reduction in KISS1R expression as compared to vehicle alone. MA-challenged mice showed significant alterations in immune cell infiltration in the airways and remodeling changes. Proinflammatory cytokines were significantly increased upon MA exposure, an effect abrogated by Kp-10 treatment. Furthermore, biochemical and histological studies showed Kp-10 exposure significantly reduced MA-induced smooth muscle mass and soluble collagen in the lung. Overall, our findings highlight the effect of chronic Kp-10 exposure in regulating MA-induced AHR and remodeling. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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Gil YJ, Park JH, Sung J. Discrete-time Survival Analysis of Risk Factors for Early Menarche in Korean Schoolgirls. J Prev Med Public Health 2023; 56:59-66. [PMID: 36746423 PMCID: PMC9925282 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.22.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of body weight status and sleep duration on the discrete-time hazard of menarche in Korean schoolgirls using multiple-point prospective panel data. METHODS The study included 914 girls in the 2010 Korean Children and Youth Panel Study who were in the elementary first-grader panel from 2010 until 2016. We used a Gompertz regression model to estimate the effects of weight status based on age-specific and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) percentile and sleep duration on an early schoolchild's conditional probability of menarche during a given time interval using general health condition and annual household income as covariates. RESULTS Gompertz regression of time to menarche data collected from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Study 2010 suggested that being overweight or sleeping less than the recommended duration was related to an increased hazard of menarche compared to being average weight and sleeping 9 hours to 11 hours, by 1.63 times and 1.38 times, respectively, while other covariates were fixed. In contrast, being underweight was associated with a 66% lower discrete-time hazard of menarche. CONCLUSIONS Weight status based on BMI percentiles and sleep duration in the early school years affect the hazard of menarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin Gil
- Division of Genome and Health Big Data, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Park
- Division of Genome and Health Big Data, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joohon Sung
- Division of Genome and Health Big Data, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea,Corresponding author: Joohon Sung, Division of Genome and Health Big Data, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea E-mail:
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11
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Iwasa T, Noguchi H, Aoki H, Tamura K, Maeda T, Takeda A, Uchishiba M, Arakaki R, Minato S, Kamada S, Yamamoto S, Imaizumi J, Kagawa T, Yoshida A, Fukui R, Daizumoto K, Kon M, Shinohara N, Yoshida K, Yamamoto Y. Effects of undernutrition and low energy availability on reproductive functions and their underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms. Endocr J 2022; 69:1363-1372. [PMID: 36372440 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that undernutrition and low energy availability disturb female reproductive functions in humans and many animal species. These reproductive dysfunctions are mainly caused by alterations of some hypothalamic factors, and consequent reduction of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. Evidence from literature suggests that increased activity of orexigenic factors and decreased activity of anorexigenic/satiety-related factors in undernourished conditions attenuate GnRH secretion in an integrated manner. Likewise, the activity of kisspeptin neurons, which is a potent stimulator of GnRH, is also reduced in undernourished conditions. In addition, it has been suggested that gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone, which has anti-GnRH and gonadotrophic effects, may be involved in reproductive dysfunctions under several kinds of stress conditions. It should be remembered that these alterations, i.e., promotion of feeding behavior and temporary suppression of reproductive functions, are induced to prioritize the survival of individual over that of species, and that improvements in metabolic and nutritional conditions should be considered with the highest priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hidenori Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kou Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takaaki Maeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Asuka Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Maimi Uchishiba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Arakaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Saki Minato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shota Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Junki Imaizumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Rijin Fukui
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tokushima Municipal Hospital, Tokushima 770-0812, Japan
| | - Kei Daizumoto
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kon
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuri Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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12
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Abstract
The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has significantly increased in the United States and worldwide since the 1970s, a trend that has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The complications of obesity range from negative effects on the cardiovascular, endocrine, hepatobiliary, and musculoskeletal systems to higher rates of mental health conditions such as depression and eating disorders among affected individuals. Among adolescent girls, childhood obesity has been associated with the earlier onset of puberty and menarche, which can result in negative psychosocial consequences, as well as adverse effects on physical health in adulthood. The hormones leptin, kisspeptin and insulin, and their actions on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, have been implicated in the relationship between childhood obesity and the earlier onset of puberty. Obesity in adolescence is also associated with greater menstrual cycle irregularity and the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which can result in infrequent or absent menstrual periods, and heavy menstrual bleeding. Hyperandrogenism, higher testosterone and fasting insulin levels, and lower levels of sex hormone-binding globulin, similar to the laboratory findings seen in patients with PCOS, are also seen in individuals with obesity, and help to explain the overlap in phenotype between patients with obesity and those with PCOS. Finally, obesity has been associated with higher rates of premenstrual disorders, including premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and dysmenorrhea, although the data on dysmenorrhea appears to be mixed. Discussing healthy lifestyle changes and identifying and managing menstrual abnormalities in adolescents with obesity are key to reducing the obstetric and gynecologic complications of obesity in adulthood, including infertility, pregnancy complications, and endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalida Itriyeva
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, Donald and Barbara Zucker, School of Medicine at Hofstra / Northwell, Hempstead, New York.
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13
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Gu Q, Wang X, Xie L, Yao X, Qian L, Yu Z, Shen X. Green tea catechin EGCG could prevent obesity-related precocious puberty through NKB/NK3R signaling pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 108:109085. [PMID: 35691596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potential regulatory pathways of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in preventing obesity-related precocious puberty. A retrospective analysis on the impact of EGCG on puberty onset in obese girls was conducted on plasma samples collected from a human randomized controlled trial. In the trial, participants consumed EGCG capsules for 12 weeks. In the animal experiment, rats were divided into four groups: normal diet control (NC) group, high-fat diet (HFD) group, NC+EGCG group, and HFD+EGCG group. Blood samples were collected on postnatal days 27, 33, and 36 to detect sexual development indicators. The hypothalamic expressions of kisspeptin/Kiss1R and neurokinin B (NKB)/NK3R signaling were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot assay. The ovary NKB protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemical assays. Serum NKB level in the EGCG group was lower than the placebo group by 0.599 ng/mL [β=-0.599, 95% CI: (-1.005, -0.193)], at the end of intervention and after adjusting for confounders (clinical study). In the animal experiment, EGCG intervention could significantly delay the vaginal opening (VO) time of rats fed with HFD. On day 33, EGCG intervention could significantly reduce serum NKB, luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, ovarian NKB protein expression, and endometrial thickness of HFD-fed rats, while EGCG intervention could remarkably increase mRNA and protein expression of NKB/NK3R. EGCG could prevent obesity-related precocious puberty through NKB/NK3R signaling pathway, which may provide a novel insight into the role of EGCG in preventing precocious puberty in obese girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Gu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Nutrition, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodi Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyao Xie
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyuan Yao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linxi Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Xiuhua Shen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Zhou J, Zhang F, Zhang S, Li P, Qin X, Yang M, Teng Y, Huang K. Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and pubertal timing in daughters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13418. [PMID: 35014751 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The timing of daughter's puberty onset is constantly earlier. It is still unclear about the maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) as important prenatal factors that may affect offspring's onset of puberty. Thus, we evaluated the association among maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG, and daughters' early pubertal development based on the existing literature. Literature review was conducted in different databases, including Web of Science, Pubmed, Wiley, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases up to June 2021. We selected random effects model or fixed effects model for meta-analysis according to the I2 statistics value to obtain the summary measurement. A total of 12 cohort studies were included. Compared to maternal pre-pregnancy normal weight, maternal pre-pregnancy overall overweight/obesity (RR = 1.24; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.32), obesity (RR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.48), and overweight (RR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.26) were significantly associated with the increased risk of earlier timing of pubertal onset in daughters. Daughters born of mothers with pre-pregnancy overall overweight/obesity, obesity, and overweight had earlier pubertal onset compared to those born of mothers with normal weight ([mean difference = -3.03, 95% CI: -3.97 to -2.10], [mean difference = -3.50, 95% CI: -5.38 to -1.62], and [mean difference = -2.89, 95% CI: -4.07 to -1.71], respectively). The effects were also significant in the assessed three milestones (menarche, breast development, and pubic hair development). Maternal excessive GWG increased the risk of early pubertal timing in daughters (RR = 1.19; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.30).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Zhou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fu Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peixuan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qin
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuzhu Teng
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Scientific Research Center in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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15
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Chioma L, Bizzarri C, Verzani M, Fava D, Salerno M, Capalbo D, Guzzetti C, Penta L, Di Luigi L, di Iorgi N, Maghnie M, Loche S, Cappa M. Sedentary lifestyle and precocious puberty in girls during the COVID-19 pandemic: an Italian experience. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:e210650. [PMID: 35029543 PMCID: PMC8859940 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective study aimed to evaluate children observed for suspected precocious puberty in five Italian centers of Pediatric Endocrinology during the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (March-September 2020), compared to subjects observed in the same period of the previous year. DESIGN The study population (490 children) was divided according to the year of observation and final diagnosis: transient thelarche, non-progressive precocious puberty, central precocious puberty (CPP), or early puberty. RESULTS Between March and September 2020, 338 subjects were referred for suspected precocious puberty, compared to 152 subjects in the same period of 2019 (+122%). The increase was observed in girls (328 subjects in 2020 vs 140 in 2019, P < 0.05), especially during the second half of the period considered (92 girls from March to May vs 236 girls from June to September); while no difference was observed in boys (10 subjects in 2020 vs 12 in 2019). The percentage of girls with confirmed CPP was higher in 2020, compared to 2019 (135/328 girls (41%) vs 37/140 (26%), P < 0.01). Anthropometric and hormonal parameters in 2019 and 2020 CPP girls were not different; 2020 CPP girls showed more prolonged use of electronic devices and a more sedentary lifestyle both before and during the pandemic, compared to the rest of the 2020 population. CONCLUSIONS The present findings corroborate the recently reported association between the complex lifestyle changes related to the lockdown and a higher incidence of CPP in Italian girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chioma
- Endocrinology Unit, University Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Bizzarri
- Endocrinology Unit, University Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Correspondence should be addressed to C Bizzarri:
| | - Martina Verzani
- Endocrinology Unit, University Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Fava
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Mariacarolina Salerno
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella Capalbo
- Paediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Mother and Child, University Hospital Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Guzzetti
- Paediatric Endocrine Unit, Paediatric Hospital Microcitemico ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Penta
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome ‘Foro Italico’, Rome, Italy
| | - Natascia di Iorgi
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Mohamad Maghnie
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Sandro Loche
- Paediatric Endocrine Unit, Paediatric Hospital Microcitemico ‘A. Cao’, AO Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Cappa
- Endocrinology Unit, University Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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16
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Soriano-Guillén L, Tena-Sempere M, Seraphim CE, Latronico AC, Argente J. Precocious sexual maturation: Unravelling the mechanisms of pubertal onset through clinical observations. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e12979. [PMID: 33904190 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Puberty is a crucial biological process normally occurring at a specific time during the lifespan, during which sexual and somatic maturation are completed, and reproductive capacity is reached. Pubertal timing is not only determined by genetics, but also by endogenous and environmental cues, including nutritional and metabolic signals. During the last decade, we have learned much regarding the essential roles of kisspeptins and the neuropeptide pathways that converge on these neurones to modulate kisspeptin signalling, as well as neurokinin B and dynorphin, the co-transmitters of Kiss1 neurones in the arcuate nucleus, and the effects of melanocortins on puberty. Indeed, melanocortins are involved in transmitting the regulatory actions of metabolic cues on pubertal maturation. Intracellular metabolic sensors, such as the AMP-activated protein kinase and the fuel-sensing deacetylase SIRT1, have been shown to contribute to puberty. Further understanding of these signals and regulatory circuits will help uncover the intimacies of the central control of puberty, as well as how alterations in metabolic status, ranging from undernutrition to obesity, affect the pubertal process. Precocious puberty is rare and has a clear female predominance. Central precocious puberty (CPP) is diagnosed when premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis occurs. Its causes are heterogeneous, with alterations of the central nervous system being of special interest, and with environmental factors also playing a role in some cases. During the last decade, several mutations in different genes (including KISS1, KISS1R, MKRN3 and DLK1) that cause CPP have been discovered. Loss-of-function mutations in MKRN3 are the most common monogenic cause of CPP known to date. Here, we review and update what is known regarding the genotype-phenotype relationship in patients with CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Soriano-Guillén
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Carlos E Seraphim
- Laboratory of Hormones and Molecular Genetics, LIM42, Developmental Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Clinicas Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Latronico
- Laboratory of Hormones and Molecular Genetics, LIM42, Developmental Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Clinicas Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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17
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The role of leptin and low testosterone in obesity. Int J Impot Res 2022; 34:704-713. [DOI: 10.1038/s41443-022-00534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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18
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Iwasa T, Yamamoto Y, Noguchi H, Takeda A, Minato S, Kamada S, Imaizumi J, Kagawa T, Yoshida A, Kawakita T, Yoshida K. Neuroendocrine mechanisms of reproductive dysfunctions in undernourished condition. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2022; 48:568-575. [PMID: 34979587 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that undernourished conditions disturb female reproductive functions in many species, including humans. These alterations are mainly caused by a reduction in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus. Evidence from the literature suggests that some hypothalamic factors play pivotal roles in the coordination of reproductive functions and energy homeostasis in response to environmental cues and internal nutritional status. Generally, anorexigenic/satiety-related factors, such as leptin, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and proopiomelanocortin, promote GnRH secretion, whereas orexigenic factors, such as neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, orexin, and ghrelin, attenuate GnRH secretion. Conversely, gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone, which exerts anti-GnRH and gonadotrophic effects, promotes feeding behavior in many species. In addition, the activity of kisspeptin, which is a potent stimulator of GnRH, is reduced by undernourished conditions. Under normal nutritional conditions, these factors are coordinated to maintain both feeding behavior and reproductive functions. However, in undernourished conditions their activity levels are markedly altered to promote feeding behavior and temporarily suppress reproductive functions, in order to prioritize the survival of the individual over that of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuri Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Asuka Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Saki Minato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junki Imaizumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takako Kawakita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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19
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Leptin enhances social motivation and reverses chronic unpredictable stress-induced social anhedonia during adolescence. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4948-4958. [PMID: 36138127 PMCID: PMC9763124 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Social anhedonia, a loss of interest and pleasure in social interactions, is a common symptom of major depression as well as other psychiatric disorders. Depression can occur at any age, but typically emerges in adolescence or early adulthood, which represents a sensitive period for social interaction that is vulnerable to stress. In this study, we evaluated social interaction reward using a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm in adolescent male and female mice. Adolescent mice of both sexes exhibited a preference for the social interaction-associated context. Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) impaired the development of CPP for social interaction, mimicking social anhedonia in depressed adolescents. Conversely, administration of leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, enhanced social interaction-induced CPP in non-stressed control mice and reversed social anhedonia in CUS mice. By dissecting the motivational processes of social CPP into social approach and isolation avoidance components, we demonstrated that leptin treatment increased isolation aversion without overt social reward effect. Further mechanistic exploration revealed that leptin stimulated oxytocin gene transcription in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, while oxytocin receptor blockade abolished the leptin-induced enhancement of socially-induced CPP. These results establish that chronic unpredictable stress can be used to study social anhedonia in adolescent mice and provide evidence that leptin modulates social motivation possibly via increasing oxytocin synthesis and oxytocin receptor activation.
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Mainieri F, Tagi VM, Chiarelli F. Treatment Options for Lipodystrophy in Children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:879979. [PMID: 35600578 PMCID: PMC9114741 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.879979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophy includes a heterogeneous group of rare diseases characterized by different amounts of adipose tissue loss and several metabolic complications, including hypertriglyceridemia, steatohepatitis and particularly insulin resistance, that may lead to severe morbidity and, sometimes, mortality. Therefore, therapy for lipodystrophy primarily consists of a conventional approach that involves standard treatments of metabolic abnormalities. Given the evidence of leptin deficiency in lipodystrophy syndromes, leptin replacement therapy has been considered as a treatment option. Long-term studies on the use of therapy with a methionylated analog of human leptin, metreleptin, first on animals and subsequently on human patients, demonstrated enormous improvements of patients' clinical features and metabolic conditions. Recently, metreleptin was approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of generalized lipodystrophy and by European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of both generalized and partial lipodystrophy. However, further research is being conducted for new and different therapeutic agents, especially helpful for the treatment of patients with partial lipodystrophy, as some of them do not have access to metreleptin therapy or show poor response.
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21
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Ucciferri CC, Dunn SE. Effect of puberty on the immune system: Relevance to multiple sclerosis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1059083. [PMID: 36533239 PMCID: PMC9755749 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1059083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty is a dynamic period marked by changing levels of sex hormones, the development of secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive maturity. This period has profound effects on various organ systems, including the immune system. The critical changes that occur in the immune system during pubertal onset have been shown to have implications for autoimmune conditions, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS). MS is rare prior to puberty but can manifest in children after puberty. This disease also has a clear female preponderance that only arises following pubertal onset, highlighting a potential role for sex hormones in autoimmunity. Early onset of puberty has also been shown to be a risk factor for MS. The purpose of this review is to overview the evidence that puberty regulates MS susceptibility and disease activity. Given that there is a paucity of studies that directly evaluate the effects of puberty on the immune system, we also discuss how the immune system is different in children and mice of pre- vs. post-pubertal ages and describe how gonadal hormones may regulate these immune mechanisms. We present evidence that puberty enhances the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokine production by type 2 dendritic cells (DC2s) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), increases T helper 1 (Th1), Th17, and T follicular helper immunity, and promotes immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody production. Overall, this review highlights how the immune system undergoes a functional maturation during puberty, which has the potential to explain the higher prevalence of MS and other autoimmune diseases seen in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Ucciferri
- Department of Immunology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shannon E Dunn
- Department of Immunology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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22
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Deardorff J, Reeves JW, Hyland C, Tilles S, Rauch S, Kogut K, Greenspan LC, Shirtcliff E, Lustig RH, Eskenazi B, Harley K. Childhood Overweight and Obesity and Pubertal Onset Among Mexican-American Boys and Girls in the CHAMACOS Longitudinal Study. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:7-16. [PMID: 33831178 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Secular trends in earlier initiation of puberty have been observed in recent decades. One risk factor appears to be increases in adiposity, as measured by body mass index. This trend is particularly notable among Latino populations, who have higher rates of overweight/obesity compared with non-Latino White youth. Previous research has focused primarily on White girls, resulting in data gaps regarding male puberty and among potentially high-risk populations. Using data from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study, we examined body mass index at age 5 years (2005-2006) and multiple markers of pubertal onset, assessed repeatedly and longitudinally at 7 in-person visits, starting at age 9 and continuing through age 14 (2009-2015), among 336 Mexican Americans in Salinas, California. We observed no associations among boys, but found significantly earlier thelarche in overweight (HR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.7) and obese girls (HR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0, 2.4), menarche in overweight girls (HR = 1.6; CI: 1.0, 2.4), and pubarche in obese girls (HR = 1.9; CI: 1.2, 3.0), compared with normal-weight girls. This study examined an understudied population and included key covariates, such as birth weight and early adverse events, which are typically omitted in studies.
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23
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Iwasa T, Minato S, Imaizumi J, Yoshida A, Kawakita T, Yoshida K, Yamamoto Y. Effects of low energy availability on female reproductive function. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 21:e12414. [PMID: 34934398 PMCID: PMC8656184 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is known that metabolic and nutritional disturbances induce reproductive dysfunction in females. The main cause of these alterations is reduced gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus, and the underlying mechanisms have gradually been elucidated. Methods The present review summarizes current knowledge about the effects of nutrition/metabolism on reproductive functions, especially focusing on the GnRH regulation system. Main findings Various central and peripheral factors are involved in the regulation of GnRH secretion, and alterations in their activity combine to affect GnRH neurons. Satiety‐related factors, i.e., leptin, insulin, and alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone, directly and indirectly stimulate GnRH secretion, whereas orexigenic factors, i.e., neuropeptide Y, Agouti‐related protein, orexin, and ghrelin, attenuate GnRH secretion. In addition, kisspeptin, which is a potent positive regulator of GnRH, expression is reduced by metabolic and nutritional disturbances. Conclusion These neuroendocrine systems may be defensive mechanisms, which help organisms to survive adverse conditions by temporarily suppressing reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Saki Minato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Junki Imaizumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Atsuko Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Takako Kawakita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
| | - Yuri Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima Japan
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24
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Cintra RG, Wajnsztejn R, Trevisan CM, Zaia V, Laganà AS, Bianco B, Montagna E. Kisspeptin Levels in Girls with Precocious Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Horm Res Paediatr 2021; 93:589-598. [PMID: 33887744 DOI: 10.1159/000515660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Kisspeptin (KP) is a key player in the regulation of the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which increases the secretion of gonadotropin during puberty to establish reproductive function and regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Premature activation of GnRH secretion leads to idiopathic/central gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty (CPP). We aimed to compare the blood KP concentrations in girls with CPP and healthy controls. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, and SciELO. Random-effects model and standardized mean difference (SMD) were used. Heterogeneity was assessed through I2. Meta-regression considered patient age, KP fraction, and analytical method for KP measurement. RESULTS The 11 studies included comprised 316 CPP patients and 251 controls. Higher KP levels in the CPP group were found (SMD 1.53; CI 95% = 0.56-2.51). Subgroup analysis revealed association with patient age (p = 0.048), indicating a positive correlation between elevation in KP concentration and age in CPP group. A group of patients with precocious thelarche (PT) from 5 of the included studies comprising 121 patients showed higher levels of KP (1.10; -0.25-2.45: CI 95%) and high heterogeneity (I2 = 91%). The CPP/PT ratio for KP level indicates KP 36% higher on CPP than PT patients. CONCLUSIONS A consistent difference in KP levels between girls with CPP and controls was identified. While there are important limitations in KP assays which argue against its use as a diagnostic tool, the KP levels in CPP versus control and PT children are consistent with the predicted mechanisms and pathophysiology of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Guerra Cintra
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil.,Department of Neurosciences, Discipline of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Rubens Wajnsztejn
- Department of Neurosciences, Discipline of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Camila Martins Trevisan
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Victor Zaia
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Filippo Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Bianca Bianco
- Department of Collective Health, Discipline of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Populational Genetics, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Erik Montagna
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC/Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
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Suarez-Henriques P, de Miranda E Silva Chaves C, Cardoso-Leite R, Gomes-Caldas DG, Morita-Katiki L, Tsai SM, Louvandini H. Ovarian activation delays in peripubertal ewe lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus can be avoided by supplementing protein in their diets. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:344. [PMID: 34732186 PMCID: PMC8565066 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ewe lamb nutritional and physiological state interfere with the ovarian environment and fertility. The lack or excess of circulating nutrients reaching the ovary can change its gene expression. A protein deficiency in the blood caused by an Haemonchus contortus abomasal infection is detrimental to the organism's development during puberty. The peripubertal period is a time of intensive growth that requires a high level of nutrients. An essential feature controlling pubertal arousal and female reproductive potential is ovarian follicle growth activation. Protein supplementation improves the sheep's immune response to helminthic infections. We aimed to determine if supplementing protein in infected ewe lambs' diet would impact the ovarian environment leading to earlier ovarian follicle activation than in infected not supplemented animals. METHODS We fed 18 Santa Ines ewe lambs (Ovis aries) - bred by the same ram - with either 12% protein (Control groups) or 19% protein (Supplemented groups) in their diets. After 35 days of the diet, they were each artificially infected or not with 10,000 Haemonchus contortus L3 larvae. Following 77 days of the diet and 42 days of infection, we surgically collected their left ovaries and examined their genes expression through RNA sequencing. RESULTS We found that protein supplementation in infected animals led to an up-regulation of genes (FDR p-values < 0.05) and biological processes (p-value cut-off = 0.01) linked to meiotic activation in pre-ovulatory follicles and primordial follicle activation, among others. The supplemented not infected animals also up-regulated genes and processes linked to meiosis and others, such as circadian behaviour. The not supplemented animals had these same processes down-regulated while up-regulated processes related to tissue morphogenesis, inflammation and immune response. CONCLUSION Diet's protein supplementation of peripubertal infected animals allowed them to express genes related to a more mature ovarian follicle stage than their half-sisters that were not supplemented. These results could be modelling potential effects of the interaction between environmental factors, nutrition and infection on reproductive health. When ovarian activation is achieved in a timely fashion, the ewe may generate more lambs during its reproductive life, increasing sheep breeders' productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Suarez-Henriques
- Department of Animal Science, ESALQ - University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Ricardo Cardoso-Leite
- Science, Technology and Education Federal Institute of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle G Gomes-Caldas
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, CENA -University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Siu Mui Tsai
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, CENA -University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helder Louvandini
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, CENA - University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Bo T, Wen J, Gao W, Tang L, Liu M, Wang D. Influence of HFD-induced precocious puberty on neurodevelopment in mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:86. [PMID: 34530850 PMCID: PMC8447761 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00604-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precocious puberty is frequently associated with obesity, which will lead to long-term effects, especially on growth and reproduction. However, the effect of precocious puberty on children's neurodevelopment is still unknown. OBJECTIVES Here we evaluated the effect of High fat diet (HFD)-induced precocious puberty on neurodevelopment and behaviors of animals. METHODS Ovaries sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) using standard techniques. Behavioral tests included elevated plus maze (EPM), open field exploration, Y-Maze, marble burying test, and novelty- suppressed feeding. The expression of genes related to puberty and neural development was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS Our results showed HFD-induced precocious puberty increased the risk-taking behavior and decreased memory of mice. The content of Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Arginine vasopressin (AVP) in hypothalamus were higher in HFD group than control group. Although the recovery of normal diet will gradually restore the body fat and other physiological index of mice, the anxiety increases in adult mice, and the memory is also damaged. CONCLUSIONS These findings describe the sensitivity of mice brain to HFD-induced precocious puberty and the irrecoverability of neural damage caused by precocious puberty. Therefore, avoiding HFD in childhood is important to prevent precocious puberty and neurodevelopmental impairment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingbei Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Wenting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liqiu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dehua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Leptin-Activity Modulators and Their Potential Pharmaceutical Applications. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071045. [PMID: 34356668 PMCID: PMC8301849 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, a multifunctional hormone primarily, but not exclusively, secreted in adipose tissue, is implicated in a wide range of biological functions that control different processes, such as the regulation of body weight and energy expenditure, reproductive function, immune response, and bone metabolism. In addition, leptin can exert angiogenic and mitogenic actions in peripheral organs. Leptin biological activities are greatly related to its interaction with the leptin receptor. Both leptin excess and leptin deficiency, as well as leptin resistance, are correlated with different human pathologies, such as autoimmune diseases and cancers, making leptin and leptin receptor important drug targets. The development of leptin signaling modulators represents a promising strategy for the treatment of cancers and other leptin-related diseases. In the present manuscript, we provide an update review about leptin-activity modulators, comprising leptin mutants, peptide-based leptin modulators, as well as leptin and leptin receptor specific monoclonal antibodies and nanobodies.
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The pubertal growth spurt is diminished in children with severe obesity. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:184-190. [PMID: 33173182 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At the population level, there is a negative linear correlation between childhood body mass index (BMI) and pubertal height gain. However, in children with obesity, there are no studies showing whether the severity of obesity affects pubertal height gain. Moreover, how obesity in childhood affects pubertal timing is controversial, especially in boys. We aimed to investigate the impact of severe obesity in childhood on the pubertal growth spurt in both sexes. METHODS The study group consisted of 68 patients (32 boys) with childhood onset obesity followed in a Spanish university hospital. The QEPS growth model was used to calculate pubertal growth function estimates for each individual. The highest individual prepubertal BMI SDS value was related to the age at onset of pubertal growth and pubertal height gain. Results were compared to analyses from individuals in a community-based setting (n = 1901) with different weight status. RESULTS A higher peak BMI in childhood was associated with less specific pubertal height gain in children with moderate-to-extreme obesity. For boys, the higher the BMI, the earlier the onset of pubertal growth. For girls with obesity, this correlation was not linear. CONCLUSIONS Obesity in childhood impairs the pubertal growth spurt in a severity-related fashion. IMPACT The higher the BMI in childhood, the lower the pubertal height gain in children with moderate-to-extreme obesity. For boys with obesity, the higher the BMI, the earlier the onset of pubertal growth. The results contribute to the research field of how weight status in childhood is related to pubertal timing and pubertal growth. The results have implications for understanding how childhood obesity is related to further growth.
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Effect of Omega-3 or Omega-6 Dietary Supplementation on Testicular Steroidogenesis, Adipokine Network, Cytokines, and Oxidative Stress in Adult Male Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5570331. [PMID: 34257810 PMCID: PMC8260291 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5570331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of omega-3 and omega-6 supplementation on the levels of different adipokines and cytokines, as well as the antioxidant system, in relation to male reproductive hormones and testicular functions. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were daily gavaged with either physiological saline (control group), sunflower oil (omega 6 group; 1 mL/kg body weight), or fish oil (omega-3 group; 1000 mg/kg body weight) for 12 weeks. The administration of omega-3 or omega-6 resulted in decreased serum concentrations of kisspeptin 1, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone. In addition, it downregulated the mRNA expression levels of steroidogenic genes. The intratesticular levels of apelin, adiponectin, and irisin were elevated while chemerin, leptin, resistin, vaspin, and visfatin were declined following the administration of either omega-3 or omega-6. The testicular concentration of interleukin 10 was increased while interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, and nuclear factor kappa B were decreased after consumption of omega-3 or omega-6. In the testes, the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase 1, and the total antioxidant capacity were improved. In conclusion, the administration of omega-3 or omega-6 adversely affects the process of steroidogenesis but improves the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status of the reproductive system via modulating the levels of testicular adipokines.
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Tahir MS, Porto-Neto LR, Gondro C, Shittu OB, Wockner K, Tan AWL, Smith HR, Gouveia GC, Kour J, Fortes MRS. Meta-Analysis of Heifer Traits Identified Reproductive Pathways in Bos indicus Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:768. [PMID: 34069992 PMCID: PMC8157873 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertility traits measured early in life define the reproductive potential of heifers. Knowledge of genetics and biology can help devise genomic selection methods to improve heifer fertility. In this study, we used ~2400 Brahman cattle to perform GWAS and multi-trait meta-analysis to determine genomic regions associated with heifer fertility. Heifer traits measured were pregnancy at first mating opportunity (PREG1, a binary trait), first conception score (FCS, score 1 to 3) and rebreeding score (REB, score 1 to 3.5). The heritability estimates were 0.17 (0.03) for PREG1, 0.11 (0.05) for FCS and 0.28 (0.05) for REB. The three traits were highly genetically correlated (0.75-0.83) as expected. Meta-analysis was performed using SNP effects estimated for each of the three traits, adjusted for standard error. We identified 1359 significant SNPs (p-value < 9.9 × 10-6 at FDR < 0.0001) in the multi-trait meta-analysis. Genomic regions of 0.5 Mb around each significant SNP from the meta-analysis were annotated to create a list of 2560 positional candidate genes. The most significant SNP was in the vicinity of a genomic region on chromosome 8, encompassing the genes SLC44A1, FSD1L, FKTN, TAL2 and TMEM38B. The genomic region in humans that contains homologs of these genes is associated with age at puberty in girls. Top significant SNPs pointed to additional fertility-related genes, again within a 0.5 Mb region, including ESR2, ITPR1, GNG2, RGS9BP, ANKRD27, TDRD12, GRM1, MTHFD1, PTGDR and NTNG1. Functional pathway enrichment analysis resulted in many positional candidate genes relating to known fertility pathways, including GnRH signaling, estrogen signaling, progesterone mediated oocyte maturation, cAMP signaling, calcium signaling, glutamatergic signaling, focal adhesion, PI3K-AKT signaling and ovarian steroidogenesis pathway. The comparison of results from this study with previous transcriptomics and proteomics studies on puberty of the same cattle breed (Brahman) but in a different population identified 392 genes in common from which some genes-BRAF, GABRA2, GABR1B, GAD1, FSHR, CNGA3, PDE10A, SNAP25, ESR2, GRIA2, ORAI1, EGFR, CHRNA5, VDAC2, ACVR2B, ORAI3, CYP11A1, GRIN2A, ATP2B3, CAMK2A, PLA2G, CAMK2D and MAPK3-are also part of the above-mentioned pathways. The biological functions of the positional candidate genes and their annotation to known pathways allowed integrating the results into a bigger picture of molecular mechanisms related to puberty in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis. A reasonable number of genes, common between previous puberty studies and this study on early reproductive traits, corroborates the proposed molecular mechanisms. This study identified the polymorphism associated with early reproductive traits, and candidate genes that provided a visualization of the proposed mechanisms, coordinating the hypothalamic, pituitary, and ovarian functions for reproductive performance in Brahman cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S. Tahir
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.T.); (O.B.S.); (K.W.); (A.W.L.T.); (H.R.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Laercio R. Porto-Neto
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Cedric Gondro
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Olasege B. Shittu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.T.); (O.B.S.); (K.W.); (A.W.L.T.); (H.R.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Kimberley Wockner
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.T.); (O.B.S.); (K.W.); (A.W.L.T.); (H.R.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Andre W. L. Tan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.T.); (O.B.S.); (K.W.); (A.W.L.T.); (H.R.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Hugo R. Smith
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.T.); (O.B.S.); (K.W.); (A.W.L.T.); (H.R.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Gabriela C. Gouveia
- Animal Science Department, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Jagish Kour
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.T.); (O.B.S.); (K.W.); (A.W.L.T.); (H.R.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Marina R. S. Fortes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.T.); (O.B.S.); (K.W.); (A.W.L.T.); (H.R.S.); (J.K.)
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Keogh K, Kelly AK, Kenny DA. Effect of plane of nutrition in early life on the transcriptome of visceral adipose tissue in Angus heifer calves. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9716. [PMID: 33958675 PMCID: PMC8102595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue represents not only an important energy storage tissue but also a major endocrine organ within the body, influencing many biochemical systems including metabolic status, immune function and energy homeostasis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an enhanced dietary intake during the early calfhood period on the transcriptome of visceral adipose tissue. Artificially reared Angus × Holstein-Friesian heifer calves were offered either a high (HI, n = 15) or moderate (MOD, n = 15) plane of nutrition from 3 to 21 weeks of life. At 21 weeks of age all calves were euthanized, visceral adipose harvested and samples subsequently subjected to mRNA sequencing. Plane of nutrition resulted in the differential expression of 1214 genes within visceral adipose tissue (adj. p < 0.05; fold change > 1.5). Differentially expressed genes were involved in processes related to metabolism and energy production. Biochemical pathways including Sirtuin signalling (adj. p < 0.0001) and the adipogenesis pathways (adj. p = 0.009) were also significantly enriched, indicating greater metabolic processing and adipogenesis in the calves on the high plane of nutrition. Results from this study identify novel genes regulating the molecular response of visceral adipose tissue to an improved plane of nutrition during early calfhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Keogh
- Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co Meath, Ireland
| | - Alan K. Kelly
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David A. Kenny
- Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co Meath, Ireland ,School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Fang J, Gong C, Su P, Wan Y, Zhang Z, Tao F, Sun Y. Polygenic interactions with adiposity rebound in the prediction of thelarche. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1026-1031. [PMID: 32512580 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-1001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The earliest onset of puberty had shifted downward, which may be due to the role of early growth and development factors in childhood. METHODS All of 1575 Kindergarten Two (K2) children from Anhui province, China were followed up to elementary school. Girls (n = 342) with available data on AR and breast development were included for this analysis. Polygenic risk score (PRS) was computed based on 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms for early puberty. Accelerate failure time (AFT) model was used to describe thelarche timing by early AR among girls with different polygenic susceptibility. RESULTS After adjustment for perinatal anthropometric, household income, parental education and prepuberty BMI-Z score, puberty started 4.12-month earlier in early AR girls compared with normal AR girls (TR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.95, 0.98, p < 0.001). Furthermore, this puberty-accelerating effect was observed among girls with high (6.06-month earlier, TR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.99) and moderate PRS (4.20-month earlier, TR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.98). No similar results were observed in the low PRS groups (TR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.04). CONCLUSIONS Girls with early AR displayed younger age at thelarche; however, this accelerating effect was only observed among those with genetic susceptibility to early puberty. IMPACT Early AR plays a more important role in predicting earlier thelarche among girls with high and moderate PRS. This study combined with the hot topics of pubertal-related polygenic risk score (PRS) for pubertal timing to examine the longitudinal association between early AR with accelerated pubertal onset. Our results mean that accelerating growth in the early childhood years after birth might forecast early puberty only among girls with genetic predisposition to early puberty. Prevention strategies and management options should be emphasized to target early childhood to address secular trend for early puberty observed in the past decades in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Fang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chun Gong
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Puyu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, China. .,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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Sun J, Shen X, Liu H, Lu S, Peng J, Kuang H. Caloric restriction in female reproduction: is it beneficial or detrimental? Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:1. [PMID: 33397418 PMCID: PMC7780671 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR), an energy-restricted intervention with undernutrition instead of malnutrition, is widely known to prolong lifespan and protect against the age-related deteriorations. Recently it is found that CR significantly affects female reproduction via hypothalamic (corticotropin releasing hormone, neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide) and peripheral (leptin, ghrelin, insulin, insulin-like growth factor) mediators, which can regulate the energy homeostasis. Although CR reduces the fertility in female mammals, it exerts positive effects like preserving reproductive capacity. In this review, we aim to discuss the comprehensive effects of CR on the central hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and peripheral ovary and uterus. In addition, we emphasize the influence of CR during pregnancy and highlight the relationship between CR and reproductive-associated diseases. Fully understanding and analyzing the effects of CR on the female reproduction could provide better strategies for the management and prevention of female reproductive dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Sun
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical medicine, School of Queen Mary, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Siying Lu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Gynecology, Nanchang HongDu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 264 MinDe Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibin Kuang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Medical Experimental Teaching Center of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Sitticharoon C, Mutirangura P, Chinachoti T, Iamaroon A, Triyasunant N, Churintaraphan M, Keadkraichaiwat I, Maikaew P, Sririwichitchai R. Associations of serum kisspeptin levels with metabolic and reproductive parameters in men. Peptides 2021; 135:170433. [PMID: 33129892 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Central kisspeptin action is well known in reproductive regulation; however, its peripheral action is not well understood. This study aimed to 1) compare serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kisspeptin levels between different body mass index (BMI) groups 2) compare the levels of kisspeptin between serum and CSF, and 3) determine correlations between serum or CSF kisspeptin levels with clinical, metabolic, and reproductive parameters. There were 40 male subjects undergoing operations with lumbar puncture anesthesia. Subgroup analysis was performed to compare between the normal (n = 12), overweight (n = 10), and obese groups (n = 17). One lean subject was recruited for correlation analysis. Serum kisspeptin levels were significantly higher in the obese group when compared to the normal weight and overweight groups even after adjusting for age or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p < 0.05 all). Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in the obese group when compared to the normal weight and overweight groups (p < 0.05 all). CSF kisspeptin levels were below the minimum detectable concentration for the assay (<0.06 ng/mL). Serum kisspeptin was positively correlated with body weight, BMI, plasma insulin, the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and serum leptin but was negatively correlated with plasma LH (p < 0.05 all). In conclusion, serum kisspeptin was related to obesity, leptin, insulin, and insulin resistance, while CSF kisspeptin was below the limits of detection. Thus, peripheral kisspeptin might have a role in metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantacha Sitticharoon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Pornthira Mutirangura
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thitima Chinachoti
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arissara Iamaroon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Namtip Triyasunant
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Malika Churintaraphan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Issarawan Keadkraichaiwat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pailin Maikaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungnapa Sririwichitchai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kutlu E, Özgen İT, Bulut H, Koçyiğit A, Otçu H, Cesur Y. Serum Irisin Levels in Central Precocious Puberty and Its Variants. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e247-e254. [PMID: 33034623 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The exact mechanisms that trigger the onset of puberty are not well known. Adipomyokines are postulated to stimulate the central neural network. In the present study, we investigated irisin levels in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP), slowly progressing precocious puberty (SPPP), or premature thelarche (PT); we also studied prepubertal girls and to determine if this adipomyokine could be used as a marker in this context. METHODS A total of 94 girls including 33 with CPP, 31 with precocious puberty (PP) variants (SPPP or PT), and 30 healthy controls were enrolled to the study. The mean irisin levels were compared between groups. The bivariate correlations of irisin levels with clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictive factors of irisin levels. RESULTS Irisin levels were higher in the CPP group compared with the other groups (CPP group: 723.25 ± 62.35 ng/mL; PP variants group: 529.60 ± 39.66 ng/mL; and control group: 325.03 ± 27.53 ng/mL) (P < 0.001). Irisin levels were positively correlated with body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS), height-SDS, weight-SDS, bone age, uterus long axis, ovary size, baseline FSH and LH, and peak LH levels. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that irisin levels had the strongest correlation with peak LH. The other independent predictive factor of irisin levels was BMI-SDS. CONCLUSIONS The mean irisin levels were higher in patients with CPP compared with other groups. The results of this study imply that increased irisin levels may be used as a marker of CPP provided that these findings are confirmed in larger prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Kutlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İlker Tolga Özgen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huri Bulut
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahim Koçyiğit
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hafize Otçu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Cesur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
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Central Ceramide Signaling Mediates Obesity-Induced Precocious Puberty. Cell Metab 2020; 32:951-966.e8. [PMID: 33080217 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity, especially in girls, is frequently bound to earlier puberty, which is linked to higher disease burden later in life. The mechanisms underlying this association remain elusive. Here we show that brain ceramides participate in the control of female puberty and contribute to its alteration in early-onset obesity in rats. Postnatal overweight caused earlier puberty and increased hypothalamic ceramide content, while pharmacological activation of ceramide synthesis mimicked the pubertal advancement caused by obesity, specifically in females. Conversely, central blockade of de novo ceramide synthesis delayed puberty and prevented the effects of the puberty-activating signal, kisspeptin. This phenomenon seemingly involves a circuit encompassing the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and ovarian sympathetic innervation. Early-onset obesity enhanced PVN expression of SPTLC1, a key enzyme for ceramide synthesis, and advanced the maturation of the ovarian noradrenergic system. In turn, obesity-induced pubertal precocity was reversed by virogenetic suppression of SPTLC1 in the PVN. Our data unveil a pathway, linking kisspeptin, PVN ceramides, and sympathetic ovarian innervation, as key for obesity-induced pubertal precocity.
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Dragano NRV, Fernø J, Diéguez C, López M, Milbank E. Reprint of: Recent Updates on Obesity Treatments: Available Drugs and Future Directions. Neuroscience 2020; 447:191-215. [PMID: 33046217 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last thirty years, obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is now regarded as a major health issue in contemporary society trending to serious economic and social burdens. The latest projections of the World Health Organization are alarming. By 2030, nearly 60% of the worldwide population could be either obese or overweight, highlighting the needs to find innovative treatments. Currently, bariatric surgery is the most effective way to efficiently lower body mass. Although great improvements in terms of recovery and patient care were made in these surgical procedures, bariatric surgery remains an option for extreme forms of obesity and seems unable to tackle obesity pandemic expansion. Throughout the last century, numerous pharmacological strategies targeting either peripheral or central components of the energy balance regulatory system were designed to reduce body mass, some of them reaching sufficient levels of efficiency and safety. Nevertheless, obesity drug therapy remains quite limited on its effectiveness to actually overcome the obesogenic environment. Thus, innovative unimolecular polypharmacology strategies, able to simultaneously target multiple actors involved in the obesity initiation and expansion, were developed during the last ten years opening a new promising avenue in the pharmacological management of obesity. In this review, we first describe the clinical features of obesity-associated conditions and then focus on the outcomes of currently approved drug therapies for obesity as well as new ones expecting to reach the clinic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia R V Dragano
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain.
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Edward Milbank
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain.
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Lima TFN, Nackeeran S, Rakitina E, Lima GFN, Arora H, Kargi AY, Ramasamy R. Association of Leptin with Total and Free Testosterone: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:94-100. [PMID: 33179018 PMCID: PMC7654971 DOI: 10.1089/andro.2020.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Obese men can have testosterone deficiency (TD) but the etiology is uncertain. Leptin is a 16-kDa protein produced primarily by adipose tissue and, therefore, is positively associated with the amount of body fat and can affect testosterone (T) production. We hypothesized that increased leptin can be independently associated with low T. Materials and Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of men from National Health and Nutrition Examination III database to evaluate the association of leptin with serum T and calculated free testosterone (cFT). Linear regression was performed with leptin, age, waist circumference, hypertension, and diabetes as independent variables predicting cFT/T. Multiple linear regression was used to determine predictors for cFT and T using variables previously significant in the univariate analysis. Results A total of 1193 men were analyzed. As expected, older and obese men were associated with having lower T. Interestingly, increasing leptin levels were an independent predictor of decreasing T and cFT on multivariable analysis. Increasing 1ng/mL in leptin resulted in a decrease of 5.13 and 0.11 ng/dL of T and cFT, respectively (p < 0.05). Also, every additional year of life led to a T and cFT reduction of 2.87 and 0.13 ng/dL, respectively, and increasing 1 cm in waist circumference corresponded to decrease of 4ng/dL in T (p < 0.05). Conclusions We concluded that increasing leptin, age, and waist circumference were associated with decreasing of T and cFT. Elevated leptin levels could be one of the potential etiologies of TD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sirpi Nackeeran
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Evgeniya Rakitina
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Himanshu Arora
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Atil Y Kargi
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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Pape J, Herbison AE, Leeners B. Recovery of menses after functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea: if, when and why. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 27:130-153. [PMID: 33067637 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged amenorrhoea occurs as a consequence of functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) which is most often induced by weight loss, vigorous exercise or emotional stress. Unfortunately, removal of these triggers does not always result in the return of menses. The prevalence and conditions underlying the timing of return of menses vary strongly and some women report amenorrhoea several years after having achieved and maintained normal weight and/or energy balance. A better understanding of these factors would also allow improved counselling in the context of infertility. Although BMI, percentage body fat and hormonal parameters are known to be involved in the initiation of the menstrual cycle, their role in the physiology of return of menses is currently poorly understood. We summarise here the current knowledge on the epidemiology and physiology of return of menses. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this review was to provide an overview of (i) factors determining the recovery of menses and its timing, (ii) how such factors may exert their physiological effects and (iii) whether there are useful therapeutic options to induce recovery. SEARCH METHODS We searched articles published in English, French or German language containing keywords related to return of menses after FHA published in PubMed between 1966 and February 2020. Manuscripts reporting data on either the epidemiology or the physiology of recovery of menses were included and bibliographies were reviewed for further relevant literature. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) criteria served to assess quality of observational studies. OUTCOMES Few studies investigate return of menses and most of them have serious qualitative and methodological limitations. These include (i) the lack of precise definitions for FHA or resumption of menses, (ii) the use of short observation periods with unsatisfactory descriptions and (iii) the inclusion of poorly characterised small study groups. The comparison of studies is further hampered by very inhomogeneous study designs. Consequently, the exact prevalence of resumption of menses after FHA is unknown. Also, the timepoint of return of menses varies strongly and reliable prediction models are lacking. While weight, body fat and energy availability are associated with the return of menses, psychological factors also have a strong impact on the menstrual cycle and on behaviour known to increase the risk of FHA. Drug therapies with metreleptin or naltrexone might represent further opportunities to increase the chances of return of menses, but these require further evaluation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Although knowledge on the physiology of return of menses is presently rudimentary, the available data indicate the importance of BMI/weight (gain), energy balance and mental health. The physiological processes and genetics underlying the impact of these factors on the return of menses require further research. Larger prospective studies are necessary to identify clinical parameters for accurate prediction of return of menses as well as reliable therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pape
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A E Herbison
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - B Leeners
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Savinainen SE, Viitasalo A, Sallinen TM, Jääskeläinen JES, Lakka TA. Child-related and parental predictors for thelarche in a general population of girls: the PANIC study. Pediatr Res 2020; 88:676-680. [PMID: 32050255 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been associated with earlier thelarche, whereas other predictors for it remain unclear. METHODS We studied child-related and parental predictors for earlier thelarche in 195 girls aged 6-8 years followed up for 2 years. A physician evaluated breast development by inspection and palpation. Body fat percentage (BF%) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, diet by food records, and physical activity and sedentary time by body movement and heart rate monitors. Parental education, smoking, and alcohol consumption and household income were assessed by questionnaires. Gestational age, birth weight, and maternal prepregnancy BMI were obtained from hospital registers. Predictors for thelarche were examined using logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and follow-up time. RESULTS The incidence of thelarche during 2 years increased by 11% (OR 1.11, CI 1.06-1.17, p < 0.001) for 1 unit increase in baseline BF%. Girls with a smoking parent had a 2.64 (95% CI 1.21-5.77, p = 0.015) times higher incidence of thelarche than other girls. The associations of lower parental education and higher maternal prepregnancy BMI with the higher incidence of thelarche were largely explained by BF%. Other possible predictors were not associated with thelarche. CONCLUSIONS Higher BF% and exposure to tobacco smoke are independent predictors for earlier thelarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saija E Savinainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. .,Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anna Viitasalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taisa M Sallinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo E S Jääskeläinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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Sexual EDC-ucation: What we Have Learned About Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Reproduction. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-020-00269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kothari C, Diorio C, Durocher F. The Importance of Breast Adipose Tissue in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165760. [PMID: 32796696 PMCID: PMC7460846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a complex endocrine organ, with a role in obesity and cancer. Adipose tissue is generally linked to excessive body fat, and it is well known that the female breast is rich in adipose tissue. Hence, one can wonder: what is the role of adipose tissue in the breast and why is it required? Adipose tissue as an organ consists of adipocytes, an extracellular matrix (ECM) and immune cells, with a significant role in the dynamics of breast changes throughout the life span of a female breast from puberty, pregnancy, lactation and involution. In this review, we will discuss the importance of breast adipose tissue in breast development and its involvement in breast changes happening during pregnancy, lactation and involution. We will focus on understanding the biology of breast adipose tissue, with an overview on its involvement in the various steps of breast cancer development and progression. The interaction between the breast adipose tissue surrounding cancer cells and vice-versa modifies the tumor microenvironment in favor of cancer. Understanding this mutual interaction and the role of breast adipose tissue in the tumor microenvironment could potentially raise the possibility of overcoming breast adipose tissue mediated resistance to therapies and finding novel candidates to target breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Kothari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1T 1C2, Canada;
- Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1T 1C2, Canada
| | - Francine Durocher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1T 1C2, Canada;
- Cancer Research Centre, CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(418)-525-4444 (ext. 48508)
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Tryggestad JB, Chernausek SD. BMI changes through childhood: the impact on puberty, linear growth and hormonal regulation. Pediatr Res 2020; 88:11-13. [PMID: 32299087 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Brzoskwinia M, Pardyak L, Rak A, Kaminska A, Hejmej A, Marek S, Kotula-Balak M, Bilinska B. Flutamide Alters the Expression of Chemerin, Apelin, and Vaspin and Their Respective Receptors in the Testes of Adult Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4439. [PMID: 32580404 PMCID: PMC7378763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines influence energy metabolism and have effects on male reproduction, including spermatogenesis and/or Sertoli cell maturation; however, the relationship between these active proteins and androgens in testicular cells is limited. Here, we studied the impact of short-term exposure to flutamide (an anti-androgen that blocks androgen receptors) on the expression of chemerin, apelin, vaspin and their receptors (CCRL2, CMKLR1, GPR1, APLNR, GRP78, respectively) in adult rat testes. Moreover, the levels of expression of lipid metabolism-modulating proteins (PLIN1, perilipin1; TSPO, translocator protein) and intercellular adherens junction proteins (nectin-2 and afadin) were determined in testicular cells. Plasma levels of adipokines, testosterone and cholesterol were also evaluated. Gene expression techniques used included the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The androgen-mediated effects observed post-flutamide treatment were found at the gonadal level as chemerin, apelin, and vaspin gene expression alterations at mRNA and protein levels were detected, whereas the cellular targets for these adipokines were recognised by localisation of respective receptors in testicular cells. Plasma concentrations of all adipokines were unchanged, whereas plasma cholesterol content and testosterone level increased after flutamide exposure. Differential distribution of adipokine receptors indicates potential para- or autocrine action of the adipokines within the rat testes. Additionally, changes in the expression of PLIN1 and TSPO, involved in the initial step of testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells, suggest that testicular cells represent a target of flutamide action. Increase in the gene expression of PLIN1 and TSPO and higher total plasma cholesterol content indicates enhanced availability of cholesterol in Leydig cells as a result of androgen-mediated effects of flutamide. Alterations in adherens junction protein expression in the testis confirm the flutamide efficacy in disruption of androgen signalling and presumably lead to impaired para- and autocrine communication, important for proper functioning of adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Brzoskwinia
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.B.); (L.P.); (A.K.); (A.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Laura Pardyak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.B.); (L.P.); (A.K.); (A.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Alicja Kaminska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.B.); (L.P.); (A.K.); (A.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Anna Hejmej
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.B.); (L.P.); (A.K.); (A.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Sylwia Marek
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.B.); (L.P.); (A.K.); (A.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Malgorzata Kotula-Balak
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Barbara Bilinska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.B.); (L.P.); (A.K.); (A.H.); (S.M.)
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Bergmans RS, Nikodemova M, Stull VJ, Rapp A, Malecki KMC. Comparison of cricket diet with peanut-based and milk-based diets in the recovery from protein malnutrition in mice and the impact on growth, metabolism and immune function. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234559. [PMID: 32525953 PMCID: PMC7289377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Some evidence suggests that edible insects could be used to treat malnutrition following protein deficiency. However, additional studies are needed to better assess the potential of edible insects as a therapeutic food supplement and their long-term impact on recovery from malnutrition. The goals of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of a cricket-based diet in recovery from protein-malnutrition in early life, and to compare cricket protein to more traditional sources used for food fortification and supplementation. Protein-malnutrition was induced by administration of an isocaloric hypoprotein diet (5% protein calories) in young male mice for two weeks during puberty, followed by a six-week recovery period using a cricket-, peanut- or milk-based diet. We examined the impact of protein-malnutrition and subsequent recovery on body weight, growth and select biomarkers of inflammation and metabolism. Protein-malnutrition resulted in growth retardation, downregulation of inflammatory markers in spleen tissue, decreased levels of serum triglycerides, and elevated serum levels of leptin and adiponectin. The cricket-based diet performed equally well as the peanut- and milk-based diets in body weight recovery, but there were differences in immune and metabolic markers among the different recovery diets. Results suggest edible crickets may provide an alternative nutrient-dense protein source with relatively low environmental demands for combating the effects of early-life malnutrition compared to more traditional supplementation and fortification sources. Additional investigations are needed to examine the short and long term impacts of different recovery diets on metabolism and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Bergmans
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Maria Nikodemova
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Valerie J. Stull
- Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ashley Rapp
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kristen M. C. Malecki
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Parker CG, Cheung E. Metabolic control of teleost reproduction by leptin and its complements: Understanding current insights from mammals. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 292:113467. [PMID: 32201232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reproduction is expensive. Hence, reproductive physiology is sensitive to an array of endogenous signals that provide information on metabolic and nutritional sufficiency. Although metabolic gating of reproductive function in mammals, as evidenced by studies demonstrating delayed puberty and perturbed fertility, has long been understood to be a function of energy sufficiency, an understanding of the endocrine regulators of this relationship have emerged only within recent decades. Peripheral signals including leptin and cortisol have long been implicated in the physiological integration of metabolism and reproduction. Recent studies have begun to explore possible roles for these two hormones in the regulation of reproduction in teleost fishes, as well as a role for leptin as a catabolic stress hormone. In this review, we briefly explore the reproductive actions of leptin and cortisol in mammals and teleost fishes and possible role of both hormones as putative modulators of the reproductive axis during stress events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coltan G Parker
- Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Eugene Cheung
- Department of Biological Sciences, David Clark Labs, 100 Brooks Avenue, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Malik IA, Durairajanayagam D, Singh HJ. Leptin and its actions on reproduction in males. Asian J Androl 2020; 21:296-299. [PMID: 30539926 PMCID: PMC6498734 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_98_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, serves numerous physiological functions in the body, particularly during puberty and reproduction. The exact mechanism by which leptin activates the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons to trigger puberty and reproduction remains unclear. Given the widespread distribution of leptin receptors in the body, both central and peripheral mechanisms involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis have been hypothesized. Leptin is necessary for normal reproductive function, but when present in excess, it can have detrimental effects on the male reproductive system. Human and animal studies point to leptin as a link between infertility and obesity, a suggestion that is corroborated by findings of low sperm count, increased sperm abnormalities, oxidative stress, and increased leptin levels in obese men. In addition, daily leptin administration to normal-weight rats has been shown to result in similar abnormalities in sperm parameters. The major pathways causing these abnormalities remain unidentified; however, these adverse effects have been attributed to leptin-induced increased oxidative stress because they are prevented by concurrently administering melatonin. Studies on leptin and its impact on sperm function are highly relevant in understanding and managing male infertility, particularly in overweight and obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifrah Alam Malik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sg Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Damayanthi Durairajanayagam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sg Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Harbindar Jeet Singh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sg Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia.,2I-PPerForM, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sg Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
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Dragano NRV, Fernø J, Diéguez C, López M, Milbank E. Recent Updates on Obesity Treatments: Available Drugs and Future Directions. Neuroscience 2020; 437:215-239. [PMID: 32360593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last thirty years, obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is now regarded as a major health issue in contemporary society trending to serious economic and social burdens. The latest projections of the World Health Organization are alarming. By 2030, nearly 60% of the worldwide population could be either obese or overweight, highlighting the needs to find innovative treatments. Currently, bariatric surgery is the most effective way to efficiently lower body mass. Although great improvements in terms of recovery and patient care were made in these surgical procedures, bariatric surgery remains an option for extreme forms of obesity and seems unable to tackle obesity pandemic expansion. Throughout the last century, numerous pharmacological strategies targeting either peripheral or central components of the energy balance regulatory system were designed to reduce body mass, some of them reaching sufficient levels of efficiency and safety. Nevertheless, obesity drug therapy remains quite limited on its effectiveness to actually overcome the obesogenic environment. Thus, innovative unimolecular polypharmacology strategies, able to simultaneously target multiple actors involved in the obesity initiation and expansion, were developed during the last ten years opening a new promising avenue in the pharmacological management of obesity. In this review, we first describe the clinical features of obesity-associated conditions and then focus on the outcomes of currently approved drug therapies for obesity as well as new ones expecting to reach the clinic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia R V Dragano
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain.
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Edward Milbank
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain.
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Sun K, Wang C, Lao G, Lin D, Huang C, Li N, Li L, Li F, Xiao H, Yan L. Lipid accumulation product and late-onset hypogonadism in middle-aged and elderly men: results from a cross-sectional study in China. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033991. [PMID: 32047018 PMCID: PMC7045028 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypogonadism in men is related to the deterioration of general health. However, the association between lipid overaccumulation and ageing-related hypogonadism remains an undetermined concept. We aimed to provide an insight into the possible links between the lipid accumulation product (LAP) and late-onset hypogonadism (LOH). SETTING Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. PARTICIPANTS We included a population sample of 997 subjects aged 40 years or older. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The LAP was calculated by gender-specific equations using waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride (TG). LOH was defined by the presence of androgen deficiency symptoms and low serum total testosterone levels. RESULTS The prevalence of LOH was 9.4% in this population and gradually increased according to increasing LAP quartiles. Compared with subjects without LOH, ageing men with LOH had higher body mass index, WC, systolic blood pressure, percentage of subjects currently smoking, TG and follicle stimulating hormone and lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and sex hormone binding globulin. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the adjusted ORs of LOH for increasing LAP quartiles 1-4 were 1.00 (reference), 1.10 (95% CI 0.45-2.69), 2.15 (95% CI 0.93-4.94) and 3.83 (95% CI 1.73-8.45), respectively. CONCLUSION Body lipid accumulation evaluated by the LAP is independently associated with the prevalence of LOH in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengzhi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guojuan Lao
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Diaozhu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chulin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huisheng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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El-Sherry TM, Abdel-Ghani MA, Mahmoud GB, Ezzat AA. Kisspeptin injection improved the semen characteristics and sperm rheotaxis in Ossimi ram. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:240-247. [PMID: 31880370 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of kisspeptin-10 (Kp10) injection on semen characteristics, testosterone (T) production and sperm rheotaxis using microfluidic devices in immature ram. Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) with controlled flow velocity was used to explore the kinetic parameters of sperm and positive rheotaxis (PR %). PR % was defined as the number of PR sperms over the number of motile sperms. Healthy Ossimi rams were randomly divided into two groups; a saline-treated control group and Kp10-treated one (5 µg/kg body weight). Treatments were given by intramuscular injection once a week for 1 month. After 1 month, the semen was collected and evaluated weekly for 6 weeks, while the blood samples were collected every 2 weeks for the next 8 weeks. Semen properties were significantly affected by Kp10 injection (p < .01). The Kp10 increased the volume, sperm concentration and percentages of live sperm compared with those of control. Additionally, sperm trajectories and rheotaxis get improved by the injection of Kp10 with time. Furthermore, kisspeptin improved the secretion of testosterone levels throughout the period of study. In conclusion, injections of the Kp10 had a positive impact on semen characteristics as well as improved sperm rheotaxis of Ossimi rams in subtropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timor M El-Sherry
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Abdel-Ghani
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Gamal B Mahmoud
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Ezzat
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid Unversity, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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