1
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Use of Next-Generation Sequencing for Identifying Mitochondrial Disorders. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1127-1148. [PMID: 35723297 PMCID: PMC8947152 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are major contributors to ATP synthesis, generating more than 90% of the total cellular energy production through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS): metabolite oxidation, such as the β-oxidation of fatty acids, and the Krebs’s cycle. OXPHOS inadequacy due to large genetic lesions in mitochondrial as well as nuclear genes and homo- or heteroplasmic point mutations in mitochondrially encoded genes is a characteristic of heterogeneous, maternally inherited genetic disorders known as mitochondrial disorders that affect multisystemic tissues and organs with high energy requirements, resulting in various signs and symptoms. Several traditional diagnostic approaches, including magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, cardiac testing, biochemical screening, variable heteroplasmy genetic testing, identifying clinical features, and skeletal muscle biopsies, are associated with increased risks, high costs, a high degree of false-positive or false-negative results, or a lack of precision, which limits their diagnostic abilities for mitochondrial disorders. Variable heteroplasmy levels, mtDNA depletion, and the identification of pathogenic variants can be detected through genetic sequencing, including the gold standard Sanger sequencing. However, sequencing can be time consuming, and Sanger sequencing can result in the missed recognition of larger structural variations such as CNVs or copy-number variations. Although each sequencing method has its own limitations, genetic sequencing can be an alternative to traditional diagnostic methods. The ever-growing roster of possible mutations has led to the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS). The enhancement of NGS methods can offer a precise diagnosis of the mitochondrial disorder within a short period at a reasonable expense for both research and clinical applications.
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2
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Structure and Function of Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes (MAMs) and Their Role in Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4578809. [PMID: 34336092 PMCID: PMC8289621 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4578809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal function of suborganelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum often leads to abnormal function of cardiomyocytes or vascular endothelial cells and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) is involved in several important cellular functions. Increasing evidence shows that MAM is involved in the pathogenesis of CVD. MAM mediates multiple cellular processes, including calcium homeostasis regulation, lipid metabolism, unfolded protein response, ROS, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammation, which are key risk factors for CVD. In this review, we discuss the structure of MAM and MAM-associated proteins, their role in CVD progression, and the potential use of MAM as the therapeutic targets for CVD treatment.
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Li W, Kui L, Demetrios T, Gong X, Tang M. A Glimmer of Hope: Maintain Mitochondrial Homeostasis to Mitigate Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1260-1275. [PMID: 33014536 PMCID: PMC7505280 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are classically known to be cellular energy producers. Given the high-energy demanding nature of neurons in the brain, it is essential that the mitochondrial pool remains healthy and provides a continuous and efficient supply of energy. However, mitochondrial dysfunction is inevitable in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), neurons experience unbalanced homeostasis like damaged mitochondrial biogenesis and defective mitophagy, with the latter promoting the disease-defining amyloid β (Aβ) and p-Tau pathologies impaired mitophagy contributes to inflammation and the aggregation of Aβ and p-Tau-containing neurotoxic proteins. Interventions that restore defective mitophagy may, therefore, alleviate AD symptoms, pointing out the possibility of a novel therapy. This review aims to illustrate mitochondrial biology with a focus on mitophagy and propose strategies to treat AD while maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Ling Kui
- 2Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | | | - Xun Gong
- 4Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Min Tang
- 5Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, China.,6Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, United States
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4
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Park JH, Ku HJ, Kim JK, Park JW, Lee JH. Amelioration of High Fructose-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy by Naringin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9464. [PMID: 29930336 PMCID: PMC6013481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a frequent unfavorable outcome of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Recent increase in dietary fructose consumption mirrors the rise in prevalence of cardiovascular diseases such as cardiac hypertrophy leading to concerns raised by public health experts. Mitochondria, comprising 30% of cardiomyocyte volume, play a central role in modulating redox-dependent cellular processes such as metabolism and apoptosis. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction is a key cause of pathogenesis of fructose-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Naringin, a major flavanone glycoside in citrus species, has displayed strong antioxidant potential in models of oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated protective effects of naringin against fructose-induced cardiac hypertrophy and associated mechanisms of action, using in vitro and in vivo models. We found that naringin suppressed mitochondrial ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes exposed to fructose and consequently reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by regulating AMPK-mTOR signaling axis. Furthermore, naringin counteracted fructose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and this function of naringin was linked to its ability to inhibit ROS-dependent ATM-mediated p53 signaling. This result was supported by observations in in vivo mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy. These findings indicate a novel role for naringin in protecting against fructose-induced cardiac hypertrophy and suggest unique therapeutic strategies for prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Park
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Hyeong Jun Ku
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
| | - Jae Kyeom Kim
- School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jeen-Woo Park
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea.
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea.
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5
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Tsai KL, Hung CH, Chan SH, Hsieh PL, Ou HC, Cheng YH, Chu PM. Chlorogenic Acid Protects Against oxLDL-Induced Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Modulating SIRT1 in Endothelial Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700928. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy; National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine; 701 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Department of Physical Therapy; National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine; 701 Tainan Taiwan
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences; College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; 701 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine; College of Medicine and Hospital; National Cheng Kung University; 701 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Institute of Oral Sciences; Chung Shan Medical University; 402 Taichung Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chung Ou
- Department of Occupational Therapy; College of Medical and Health Science; Asia University; 413 Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National Taiwan University of Science and Technology; 106 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy; School of Medicine; China Medical University; 404 Taichung Taiwan
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6
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Logan A, Murphy MP. Using chemical biology to assess and modulate mitochondria: progress and challenges. Interface Focus 2017; 7:20160151. [PMID: 28382206 PMCID: PMC5311910 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2016.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the role of mitochondria in biomedical sciences has expanded considerably over the past decade. In addition to their well-known metabolic roles, mitochondrial are also central to signalling for various processes through the generation of signals such as ROS and metabolites that affect cellular homeostasis, as well as other processes such as cell death and inflammation. Thus, mitochondrial function and dysfunction are central to the health and fate of the cell. Consequently, there is considerable interest in better understanding and assessing the many roles of mitochondria. Furthermore, there is also a growing realization that mitochondrial are a promising drug target in a wide range of pathologies. The application of interdisciplinary approaches at the interface between chemistry and biology are opening up new opportunities to understand mitochondrial function and in assessing the role of the organelle in biology. This work and the experience thus gained are leading to the development of new classes of therapies. Here, we overview the progress that has been made to date on exploring the chemical biology of the organelle and then focus on future challenges and opportunities that face this rapidly developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit , Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY , UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit , Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY , UK
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7
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Arnaiz-Cot JJ, Cleemann L, Morad M. Xanthohumol Modulates Calcium Signaling in Rat Ventricular Myocytes: Possible Antiarrhythmic Properties. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 360:239-248. [PMID: 27815365 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.236588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmia is a major cause of mortality in cardiovascular pathologies. A host of drugs targeted to sarcolemmal Na+, Ca2+, and K+ channels has had limited success clinically. Recently, Ca2+ signaling has been target of pharmacotherapy based on finding that leaky ryanodine receptors elevate local Ca2+ concentrations causing membrane depolarizations that trigger arrhythmias. In this study, we report that xanthohumol, an antioxidant extracted from hops showing therapeutic effects in other pathologies, suppresses aberrant ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release. The effects of xanthohumol (5-1000 nM) on Ca2+ signaling pathways were probed in isolated rat ventricular myocytes incubated with Fluo-4 AM using the perforated patch-clamp technique. We found that 5-50 nM xanthohumol reduced the frequency of spontaneously occurring Ca2+ sparks (>threefold) and Ca2+ waves in control myocytes and in cells subjected to Ca2+ overload caused by the following: 1) exposure to low K+ solutions, 2) periods of high frequency electrical stimulation, 3) exposures to isoproterenol, or 4) caffeine. At room temperatures, 50-100 nM xanthohumol reduced the rate of relaxation of electrically- or caffeine-triggered Ca2+transients, without suppressing ICa, but this effect was small and reversed by isoproterenol at physiologic temperatures. Xanthohumol also suppressed the Ca2+ content of the SR and its rate of recirculation. The stabilizing effects of xanthohumol on the frequency of spontaneously triggered Ca2+ sparks and waves combined with its antioxidant properties, and lack of significant effects on Na+ and Ca2+ channels, may provide this compound with clinically desirable antiarrhythmic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Arnaiz-Cot
- Cardiac Signaling Center of University of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina, and Clemson University, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lars Cleemann
- Cardiac Signaling Center of University of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina, and Clemson University, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Martin Morad
- Cardiac Signaling Center of University of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina, and Clemson University, Charleston, South Carolina
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Smolina N, Bruton J, Sjoberg G, Kostareva A, Sejersen T. Aggregate-prone desmin mutations impair mitochondrial calcium uptake in primary myotubes. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:269-75. [PMID: 25171807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Desmin, being a major intermediate filament of mature muscle cell, interacts with mitochondria within the cell and participates in mitochondria proper localization. The goal of the present study was to assess the effect of aggregate-prone and non-aggregate-prone desmin mutations on mitochondrial calcium uptake. Primary murine satellite cells were transduced with lentiviruses carrying desmin in wild type or mutant form, and were induced to differentiate into myotubes. Four mutations resulting in different degree of desmin aggregates formation were analyzed. Tail domain mutation Asp399Tyr has the mildest impact on desmin filament polymerization, rod domain mutation Ala357Pro causes formation of large aggregates composed of filamentous material, and Leu345Pro and Leu370Pro are considered to be the most severest in their impact on desmin polymerization and structure. For mitochondrial calcium measurement cells were loaded with rhod 2-AM. We found that aggregate-prone mutations significantly decreased [Ca(2+)]mit, whereas non-aggregate-prone mutations did not decrease [Ca(2+)]mit. Moreover aggregate-prone desmin mutations resulted in increased resting cytosolic [Ca(2+)]. However this increase was not accompanied by any alterations in sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release. We suggest that the observed decline in [Ca(2+)]mit was due to desmin aggregate accumulation resulting in the loss of desmin mitochondria interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Smolina
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Federal Almazov Medical Research Centre, St-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Joseph Bruton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Sjoberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Kostareva
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Federal Almazov Medical Research Centre, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Thomas Sejersen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Smith RAJ, Hartley RC, Cochemé HM, Murphy MP. Mitochondrial pharmacology. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:341-52. [PMID: 22521106 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are being recognized as key factors in many unexpected areas of biomedical science. In addition to their well-known roles in oxidative phosphorylation and metabolism, it is now clear that mitochondria are also central to cell death, neoplasia, cell differentiation, the innate immune system, oxygen and hypoxia sensing, and calcium metabolism. Disruption to these processes contributes to a range of human pathologies, making mitochondria a potentially important, but currently seemingly neglected, therapeutic target. Mitochondrial dysfunction is often associated with oxidative damage, calcium dyshomeostasis, defective ATP synthesis, or induction of the permeability transition pore. Consequently, therapies designed to prevent these types of damage are beneficial and can be used to treat many diverse and apparently unrelated indications. Here we outline the biological properties that make mitochondria important determinants of health and disease, and describe the pharmacological strategies being developed to address mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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10
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Pereira CV, Nadanaciva S, Oliveira PJ, Will Y. The contribution of oxidative stress to drug-induced organ toxicity and its detection in vitro and in vivo. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:219-37. [PMID: 22248238 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.645536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays the 'redox hypothesis' is based on the fact that thiol/disulfide couples such as glutathione (GSH/GSSG), cysteine (Cys/CySS) and thioredoxin ((Trx-(SH)2/Trx-SS)) are functionally organized in redox circuits controlled by glutathione pools, thioredoxins and other control nodes, and they are not in equilibrium relative to each other. Although ROS can be important intermediates of cellular signaling pathways, disturbances in the normal cellular redox can result in widespread damage to several cell components. Moreover, oxidative stress has been linked to a variety of age-related diseases. In recent years, oxidative stress has also been identified to contribute to drug-induced liver, heart, renal and brain toxicity. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of current in vitro and in vivo methods that can be deployed throughout the drug discovery process. In addition, animal models and noninvasive biomarkers are described. EXPERT OPINION Reducing post-market drug withdrawals is essential for all pharmaceutical companies in a time of increased patient welfare and tight budgets. Predictive screens positioned early in the drug discovery process will help to reduce such liabilities. Although new and more efficient assays and models are being developed, the hunt for biomarkers and noninvasive techniques is still in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia V Pereira
- Pfizer R&D, Compound Safety Prediction-WWMC, Cell Based Assays and Mitochondrial Biology, Eastern Point Rd, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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11
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Chikando AC, Kettlewell S, Williams GS, Smith G, Lederer WJ. Ca2+ dynamics in the mitochondria - state of the art. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 51:627-31. [PMID: 21864537 PMCID: PMC3814218 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The importance of [Ca2+] in the mitochondrial matrix, [Ca2+]mito, had been proposed by early work of Carafoli and others [1 ], [2 ] and [3 ]. The key suggestion in the 1970s [4 ] was that regulatory [Ca2+]mito played a role in controlling the rate of activation of tricarboxylic acid cycle dehydrogenases, important in the regulation of ATP production by the electron transport chain (ETC) during oxidative phosphorylation. This view is now established [5 ] and [6 ] and the key questions currently debated are to what extent do the mitochondria acquire and release Ca2+, and what impact do mitochondria have on the dynamic Ca2+ signal in the cardiac ventricular myocyte [7 ]. Although investigations of Ca2+ dynamics in mitochondria have been problematic, disparate and inconclusive, they have also been both provocative and exciting. A recent special issue of this journal presented contrasting perspectives on the speed, extent and mechanisms of changes in [Ca2+]mito, and how these changes may influence cellular spatio-temporal [Ca2+]i dynamics [8 ]. An audio discussion is also available online [9 ]. The uncertain nature of the signaling pathways is noted in Table 1 (see below) which shows mitochondrial proteins and processes that are of current focus and which remain contentious. Each of the “items” listed is largely unsettled, or is a “work in progress”. There may be advocates for opposing positions noted or recent discoveries that must still be tested at multiple levels by diverse laboratories. Currently, the first item, the mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger (NCLX) [10 ], appears the most solid with respect to the molecular identification and physiological function, whereas, the recently described candidates of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) [11 ] and [12 ] still need to be verified and broadly examined by the scientific community.
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12
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Ghouleh IA, Khoo NK, Knaus UG, Griendling KK, Touyz RM, Thannickal VJ, Barchowsky A, Nauseef WM, Kelley EE, Bauer PM, Darley-Usmar V, Shiva S, Cifuentes-Pagano E, Freeman BA, Gladwin MT, Pagano PJ. Oxidases and peroxidases in cardiovascular and lung disease: new concepts in reactive oxygen species signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1271-88. [PMID: 21722728 PMCID: PMC3205968 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological responses. Increasing evidence implicates ROS as signaling molecules involved in the propagation of cellular pathways. The NADPH oxidase (Nox) family of enzymes is a major source of ROS in the cell and has been related to the progression of many diseases and even environmental toxicity. The complexity of this family's effects on cellular processes stems from the fact that there are seven members, each with unique tissue distribution, cellular localization, and expression. Nox proteins also differ in activation mechanisms and the major ROS detected as their product. To add to this complexity, mounting evidence suggests that other cellular oxidases or their products may be involved in Nox regulation. The overall redox and metabolic status of the cell, specifically the mitochondria, also has implications on ROS signaling. Signaling of such molecules as electrophilic fatty acids has an impact on many redox-sensitive pathologies and thus, as anti-inflammatory molecules, contributes to the complexity of ROS regulation. This review is based on the proceedings of a recent international Oxidase Signaling Symposium at the University of Pittsburgh's Vascular Medicine Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and encompasses further interaction and discussion among the presenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Al Ghouleh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nicholas K.H. Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ulla G. Knaus
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathy K. Griendling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victor J. Thannickal
- Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Aaron Barchowsky
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - William M. Nauseef
- Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
- Department of Microbiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, IA
| | - Eric E. Kelley
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Phillip M. Bauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bruce A. Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mark T. Gladwin
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Patrick J. Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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