1
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Sharma AK, Singh S, Bhat M, Gill K, Zaid M, Kumar S, Shakya A, Tantray J, Jose D, Gupta R, Yangzom T, Sharma RK, Sahu SK, Rathore G, Chandolia P, Singh M, Mishra A, Raj S, Gupta A, Agarwal M, Kifayat S, Gupta A, Gupta P, Vashist A, Vaibhav P, Kathuria N, Yadav V, Singh RP, Garg A. New drug discovery of cardiac anti-arrhythmic drugs: insights in animal models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16420. [PMID: 37775650 PMCID: PMC10541452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac rhythm regulated by micro-macroscopic structures of heart. Pacemaker abnormalities or disruptions in electrical conduction, lead to arrhythmic disorders may be benign, typical, threatening, ultimately fatal, occurs in clinical practice, patients on digitalis, anaesthesia or acute myocardial infarction. Both traditional and genetic animal models are: In-vitro: Isolated ventricular Myocytes, Guinea pig papillary muscles, Patch-Clamp Experiments, Porcine Atrial Myocytes, Guinea pig ventricular myocytes, Guinea pig papillary muscle: action potential and refractory period, Langendorff technique, Arrhythmia by acetylcholine or potassium. Acquired arrhythmia disorders: Transverse Aortic Constriction, Myocardial Ischemia, Complete Heart Block and AV Node Ablation, Chronic Tachypacing, Inflammation, Metabolic and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia. In-Vivo: Chemically induced arrhythmia: Aconitine antagonism, Digoxin-induced arrhythmia, Strophanthin/ouabain-induced arrhythmia, Adrenaline-induced arrhythmia, and Calcium-induced arrhythmia. Electrically induced arrhythmia: Ventricular fibrillation electrical threshold, Arrhythmia through programmed electrical stimulation, sudden coronary death in dogs, Exercise ventricular fibrillation. Genetic Arrhythmia: Channelopathies, Calcium Release Deficiency Syndrome, Long QT Syndrome, Short QT Syndrome, Brugada Syndrome. Genetic with Structural Heart Disease: Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia, Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Atrial Fibrillation, Sick Sinus Syndrome, Atrioventricular Block, Preexcitation Syndrome. Arrhythmia in Pluripotent Stem Cell Cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: Both traditional and genetic, experimental models of cardiac arrhythmias' characteristics and significance help in development of new antiarrhythmic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Sharma
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India.
| | - Shivam Singh
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mehvish Bhat
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Kartik Gill
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mohammad Zaid
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Anjali Shakya
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Junaid Tantray
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Divyamol Jose
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Rashmi Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Tsering Yangzom
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sharma
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | | | - Gulshan Rathore
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Priyanka Chandolia
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mithilesh Singh
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Anurag Mishra
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Shobhit Raj
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Archita Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Mohit Agarwal
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Sumaiya Kifayat
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Anamika Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Prashant Gupta
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Ankit Vashist
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Parth Vaibhav
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Nancy Kathuria
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Vipin Yadav
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Ravindra Pal Singh
- NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303121, India
| | - Arun Garg
- MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, India
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2
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Santos TP, da Silva Bastos PE, da Silva JF, de Medeiros Vieira SM, da Silva MCG, de Andrade ALC, Padilha RMO, Dos Santos Magnabosco AR, Cadena MRS, Cadena PG. Single and joint toxic effects of thyroid hormone, levothyroxine, and amiodarone on embryo-larval stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:525-535. [PMID: 37119427 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates single and joint endocrine disruptor toxicities of thyroid hormone, levothyroxine, and amiodarone in the embryo-larval stages of Danio rerio. Single toxicity experiments were carried out in concentrations based on the environmental concentration and increasing concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 times the environmental concentration. Joint toxicity experiments evaluated the combined effects of these compounds. Toxic effects were examined during zebrafish embryonic development, and the parameters analyzed were apical sublethal, teratogenicity, mortality endpoints, and morphometry. Thyroid hormone exhibited the highest toxicity. However, the results showed that the environmental concentrations for all 3 compounds had low risk in relation to the parameters studied, such as teratogenic effects and morphometry. The larvae were more affected than embryos, where embryos needed higher concentrations in all experiments, possibly due to the absence of the chorion. The same type of effects were observed in the joint toxicity test, except that a possible antagonistic effect was detected. However, high concentrations showed stronger effects of these toxic compounds on fish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamiris Pinheiro Santos
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, 50780-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo da Silva Bastos
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jadson Freitas da Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Stefânia Maria de Medeiros Vieira
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marília Cordeiro Galvão da Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - André Lucas Corrêa de Andrade
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, 50780-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Renata Meireles Oliveira Padilha
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Amanda Rodrigues Dos Santos Magnabosco
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marilia Ribeiro Sales Cadena
- Departamento de Biologia (DB), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Pabyton Gonçalves Cadena
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, 50780-901, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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3
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Using Zebrafish Animal Model to Study the Genetic Underpinning and Mechanism of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044106. [PMID: 36835518 PMCID: PMC9966228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is largely an autosomal dominant genetic disorder manifesting fibrofatty infiltration and ventricular arrhythmia with predominantly right ventricular involvement. ACM is one of the major conditions associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death, most notably in young individuals and athletes. ACM has strong genetic determinants, and genetic variants in more than 25 genes have been identified to be associated with ACM, accounting for approximately 60% of ACM cases. Genetic studies of ACM in vertebrate animal models such as zebrafish (Danio rerio), which are highly amenable to large-scale genetic and drug screenings, offer unique opportunities to identify and functionally assess new genetic variants associated with ACM and to dissect the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms at the whole-organism level. Here, we summarize key genes implicated in ACM. We discuss the use of zebrafish models, categorized according to gene manipulation approaches, such as gene knockdown, gene knock-out, transgenic overexpression, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in, to study the genetic underpinning and mechanism of ACM. Information gained from genetic and pharmacogenomic studies in such animal models can not only increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of disease progression, but also guide disease diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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4
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Blackwell DJ, Schmeckpeper J, Knollmann BC. Animal Models to Study Cardiac Arrhythmias. Circ Res 2022; 130:1926-1964. [PMID: 35679367 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 10% to 15% of all deaths. Although most arrhythmias are due to acquired heart disease, inherited channelopathies and cardiomyopathies disproportionately affect children and young adults. Arrhythmogenesis is complex, involving anatomic structure, ion channels and regulatory proteins, and the interplay between cells in the conduction system, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and the immune system. Animal models of arrhythmia are powerful tools for studying not only molecular and cellular mechanism of arrhythmogenesis but also more complex mechanisms at the whole heart level, and for testing therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes basic and clinical arrhythmia mechanisms followed by an in-depth review of published animal models of genetic and acquired arrhythmia disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Blackwell
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeffrey Schmeckpeper
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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5
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Yu G, Chakrabarti S, Tischenko M, Chen AL, Wang Z, Cho H, French BA, Naga Prasad SV, Chen Q, Wang QK. Gene therapy targeting protein trafficking regulator MOG1 in mouse models of Brugada syndrome, arrhythmias, and mild cardiomyopathy. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabf3136. [PMID: 35675436 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a fatal arrhythmia that causes an estimated 4% of all sudden death in high-incidence areas. SCN5A encodes cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5 and causes 25 to 30% of BrS cases. Here, we report generation of a knock-in (KI) mouse model of BrS (Scn5aG1746R/+). Heterozygous KI mice recapitulated some of the clinical features of BrS, including an ST segment abnormality (a prominent J wave) on electrocardiograms and development of spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs), seizures, and sudden death. VTs were caused by shortened cardiac action potential duration and late phase 3 early afterdepolarizations associated with reduced sodium current density (INa) and increased Kcnd3 and Cacna1c expression. We developed a gene therapy using adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector-mediated MOG1 delivery for up-regulation of MOG1, a chaperone that binds to NaV1.5 and traffics it to the cell surface. MOG1 was chosen for gene therapy because the large size of the SCN5A coding sequence (6048 base pairs) exceeds the packaging capacity of AAV vectors. AAV9-MOG1 gene therapy increased cell surface expression of NaV1.5 and ventricular INa, reversed up-regulation of Kcnd3 and Cacna1c expression, normalized cardiac action potential abnormalities, abolished J waves, and blocked VT in Scn5aG1746R/+ mice. Gene therapy also rescued the phenotypes of cardiac arrhythmias and contractile dysfunction in heterozygous humanized KI mice with SCN5A mutation p.D1275N. Using a small chaperone protein may have broad implications for targeting disease-causing genes exceeding the size capacity of AAV vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Susmita Chakrabarti
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Miroslava Tischenko
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ai-Lan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Hyosuk Cho
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Sathyamangla V Naga Prasad
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Qing K Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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6
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Peters S, Thompson BA, Perrin M, James P, Zentner D, Kalman JM, Vandenberg JI, Fatkin D. Arrhythmic Phenotypes Are a Defining Feature of Dilated Cardiomyopathy-Associated SCN5A Variants: A Systematic Review. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2022; 15:e003432. [PMID: 34949099 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.121.003432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants in the SCN5A gene, that encodes the cardiac sodium channel, Nav1.5, are associated with a highly arrhythmogenic form of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Our aim was to review the phenotypes, natural history, functional effects, and treatment outcomes of DCM-associated rare SCN5A variants. METHODS A systematic review of reported DCM-associated rare SCN5A variants was undertaken using PubMed and Embase. RESULTS Eighteen SCN5A rare variants in 29 families with DCM (173 affected individuals) were identified. Eleven variants had undergone experimental evaluation, with 7 of these resulting in increased sustained current flow during the action potential (eg, increased window current) and at resting membrane potentials (eg, creation of a new gating pore current). These variants were located in transmembrane voltage-sensing domains and had a consistent phenotype characterized by frequent multifocal narrow and broad complex ventricular premature beats (VPB; 72% of affected relatives), ventricular arrhythmias (33%), atrial arrhythmias (32%), sudden cardiac death (13%), and DCM (56%). This VPB-predominant phenotype was not seen with 1 variant that increased late sodium current, or with variants that reduced peak current density or had mixed effects. In the latter groups, affected individuals mainly showed sinus node dysfunction, conduction defects, and atrial arrhythmias, with infrequent VPB and ventricular arrhythmias. DCM did not occur in the absence of arrhythmias for any variant. Twelve studies (23 total patients) reported treatment success in the VPB-predominant cardiomyopathy using sodium channel-blocking drug therapy. CONCLUSIONS SCN5A variants can present with a diverse spectrum of primary arrhythmic features. A majority of DCM-associated variants cause a multifocal VPB-predominant cardiomyopathy that is reversible with sodium channel blocking drug therapy. Early recognition of the distinctive phenotype and prompt genetic testing to identify variant carriers are needed. Our findings have implications for interpretation and management of SCN5A variants found in DCM patients with and without arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Peters
- Department of Cardiology (S.P., M.P., D.Z., J.M.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital
- Department of Genomic Medicine (S.P., B.A.T., M.P., P.J., D.Z.), Royal Melbourne Hospital
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne (S.P., P.J., D.Z., J.M.K.)
| | - Bryony A Thompson
- Department of Genomic Medicine (S.P., B.A.T., M.P., P.J., D.Z.), Royal Melbourne Hospital
- Department of Pathology (B.A.T.), Royal Melbourne Hospital
| | - Mark Perrin
- Department of Genomic Medicine (S.P., B.A.T., M.P., P.J., D.Z.), Royal Melbourne Hospital
| | - Paul James
- Department of Genomic Medicine (S.P., B.A.T., M.P., P.J., D.Z.), Royal Melbourne Hospital
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne (S.P., P.J., D.Z., J.M.K.)
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Centre, Melbourne, Victoria (P.J.)
| | - Dominica Zentner
- Department of Genomic Medicine (S.P., B.A.T., M.P., P.J., D.Z.), Royal Melbourne Hospital
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne (S.P., P.J., D.Z., J.M.K.)
| | - Jonathan M Kalman
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne (S.P., P.J., D.Z., J.M.K.)
| | - Jamie I Vandenberg
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute (J.I.V., D.F.)
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney (J.I.V., D.F.)
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute (J.I.V., D.F.)
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney (J.I.V., D.F.)
- Cardiology Department, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (D.F.)
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7
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Gauvrit S, Bossaer J, Lee J, Collins MM. Modeling Human Cardiac Arrhythmias: Insights from Zebrafish. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9010013. [PMID: 35050223 PMCID: PMC8779270 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmia, or irregular heart rhythm, is associated with morbidity and mortality and is described as one of the most important future public health challenges. Therefore, developing new models of cardiac arrhythmia is critical for understanding disease mechanisms, determining genetic underpinnings, and developing new therapeutic strategies. In the last few decades, the zebrafish has emerged as an attractive model to reproduce in vivo human cardiac pathologies, including arrhythmias. Here, we highlight the contribution of zebrafish to the field and discuss the available cardiac arrhythmia models. Further, we outline techniques to assess potential heart rhythm defects in larval and adult zebrafish. As genetic tools in zebrafish continue to bloom, this model will be crucial for functional genomics studies and to develop personalized anti-arrhythmic therapies.
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8
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Yuan M, Guo Y, Xia H, Xu H, Deng H, Yuan L. Novel SCN5A and GPD1L Variants Identified in Two Unrelated Han-Chinese Patients With Clinically Suspected Brugada Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:758903. [PMID: 34957250 PMCID: PMC8692717 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.758903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a complexly genetically patterned, rare, malignant, life-threatening arrhythmia disorder. It is autosomal dominant in most cases and characterized by identifiable electrocardiographic patterns, recurrent syncope, nocturnal agonal respiration, and other symptoms, including sudden cardiac death. Over the last 2 decades, a great number of variants have been identified in more than 36 pathogenic or susceptibility genes associated with BrS. The present study used the combined method of whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing to identify pathogenic variants in two unrelated Han-Chinese patients with clinically suspected BrS. Minigene splicing assay was used to evaluate the effects of the splicing variant. A novel heterozygous splicing variant c.2437-2A>C in the sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 gene (SCN5A) and a novel heterozygous missense variant c.161A>T [p.(Asp54Val)] in the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 like gene (GPD1L) were identified in these two patients with BrS-1 and possible BrS-2, respectively. Minigene splicing assay indicated the deletion of 15 and 141 nucleotides in exon 16, resulting in critical amino acid deletions. These findings expand the variant spectrum of SCN5A and GPD1L, which can be beneficial to genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Medical Information, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Xia
- Department of Emergency, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lamei Yuan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
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9
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In vivo identification and validation of novel potential predictors for human cardiovascular diseases. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261572. [PMID: 34919578 PMCID: PMC8682894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetics crucially contributes to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the global leading cause of death. Since the majority of CVDs can be prevented by early intervention there is a high demand for the identification of predictive causative genes. While genome wide association studies (GWAS) correlate genes and CVDs after diagnosis and provide a valuable resource for such causative candidate genes, often preferentially those with previously known or suspected function are addressed further. To tackle the unaddressed blind spot of understudied genes, we particularly focused on the validation of human heart phenotype-associated GWAS candidates with little or no apparent connection to cardiac function. Building on the conservation of basic heart function and underlying genetics from fish to human we combined CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of the orthologs of human GWAS candidates in isogenic medaka with automated high-throughput heart rate analysis. Our functional analyses of understudied human candidates uncovered a prominent fraction of heart rate associated genes from adult human patients impacting on the heart rate in embryonic medaka already in the injected generation. Following this pipeline, we identified 16 GWAS candidates with potential diagnostic and predictive power for human CVDs.
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10
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Tucker C, Collins R, Denvir MA, McDougald WA. PET/CT Technology in Adult Zebrafish: A Pilot Study Toward Live Longitudinal Imaging. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:725548. [PMID: 34708053 PMCID: PMC8542982 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.725548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have confirmed the beneficial and advantageous use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model of human disease in biomedical studies. Not only are 71% of human genes shared with the zebrafish many of these genes are linked to human diseases. Currently, numerous transgenic and mutant genetic zebrafish lines are now widely available for use in research. Furthermore, zebrafish are relatively inexpensive to maintain compared to rodents. However, a limiting factor to fully utilising adult zebrafish in research is not the fish but the technological imaging tools available. In order to increase the utilisation of adult zebrafish, which are not naturally transparent, requires new imaging approaches. Therefore, this feasibility study: (1) presents an innovative designed PET/CT adult zebrafish imaging platform, capable of maintaining normal aquatic physiology during scanning; (2) assesses the practical aspects of adult zebrafish imaging; and (3) set basic procedural guidelines for zebrafish imaging during a PET/CT acquisition. Methods: With computer aided design (CAD) software an imaging platform was developed for 3D printing. A 3D printed zebrafish model was created from a CT acquisition of a zebrafish using the CAD software. This model and subsequently euthanised zebrafish were imaged post-injection using different concentrations of the radiotracer [18F]FDG with CT contrast. Results: PET/CT imaging was successful, revealing levels as low as 0.01 MBq could be detected in the fish. In the zebrafish imaging post-injection distribution of the radiotracer was observed away from the injection site as well as tissue uptake. Potential preliminary husbandry and welfare guidelines for the fish during and after PET/CT imaging were determined. Conclusion: Using PET/CT for adult zebrafish imaging as a viable non-invasive technological tool is feasible. Adult zebrafish PET/CT imaging has the potential to be a key imaging technique offering the possibilities of enhanced biomedical understanding and new translational data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Tucker
- Bioresearch & Veterinary Services (BVS) Aquatics Facility, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Collins
- Edinburgh College of Arts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A. Denvir
- British Heart Foundation (BHF)-Centre for Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy A. McDougald
- British Heart Foundation (BHF)-Centre for Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging, Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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11
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Minhas R, Loeffler-Wirth H, Siddiqui YH, Obrębski T, Vashisht S, Abu Nahia K, Paterek A, Brzozowska A, Bugajski L, Piwocka K, Korzh V, Binder H, Winata CL. Transcriptome profile of the sinoatrial ring reveals conserved and novel genetic programs of the zebrafish pacemaker. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:715. [PMID: 34600492 PMCID: PMC8487553 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinoatrial Node (SAN) is part of the cardiac conduction system, which controls the rhythmic contraction of the vertebrate heart. The SAN consists of a specialized pacemaker cell population that has the potential to generate electrical impulses. Although the SAN pacemaker has been extensively studied in mammalian and teleost models, including the zebrafish, their molecular nature remains inadequately comprehended. RESULTS To characterize the molecular profile of the zebrafish sinoatrial ring (SAR) and elucidate the mechanism of pacemaker function, we utilized the transgenic line sqet33mi59BEt to isolate cells of the SAR of developing zebrafish embryos and profiled their transcriptome. Our analyses identified novel candidate genes and well-known conserved signaling pathways involved in pacemaker development. We show that, compared to the rest of the heart, the zebrafish SAR overexpresses several mammalian SAN pacemaker signature genes, which include hcn4 as well as those encoding calcium- and potassium-gated channels. Moreover, genes encoding components of the BMP and Wnt signaling pathways, as well as members of the Tbx family, which have previously been implicated in pacemaker development, were also overexpressed in the SAR. Among SAR-overexpressed genes, 24 had human homologues implicated in 104 different ClinVar phenotype entries related to various forms of congenital heart diseases, which suggest the relevance of our transcriptomics resource to studying human heart conditions. Finally, functional analyses of three SAR-overexpressed genes, pard6a, prom2, and atp1a1a.2, uncovered their novel role in heart development and physiology. CONCLUSION Our results established conserved aspects between zebrafish and mammalian pacemaker function and revealed novel factors implicated in maintaining cardiac rhythm. The transcriptome data generated in this study represents a unique and valuable resource for the study of pacemaker function and associated heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Minhas
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Henry Loeffler-Wirth
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yusra H Siddiqui
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- School of Human Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Tomasz Obrębski
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shikha Vashisht
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karim Abu Nahia
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexandra Paterek
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Brzozowska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Bugajski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Cytometry, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piwocka
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Cytometry, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vladimir Korzh
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hans Binder
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cecilia Lanny Winata
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Pineda S, Nikolova-Krstevski V, Leimena C, Atkinson AJ, Altekoester AK, Cox CD, Jacoby A, Huttner IG, Ju YK, Soka M, Ohanian M, Trivedi G, Kalvakuri S, Birker K, Johnson R, Molenaar P, Kuchar D, Allen DG, van Helden DF, Harvey RP, Hill AP, Bodmer R, Vogler G, Dobrzynski H, Ocorr K, Fatkin D. Conserved Role of the Large Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel, K Ca1.1, in Sinus Node Function and Arrhythmia Risk. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2021; 14:e003144. [PMID: 33629867 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.003144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND KCNMA1 encodes the α-subunit of the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel, KCa1.1, and lies within a linkage interval for atrial fibrillation (AF). Insights into the cardiac functions of KCa1.1 are limited, and KCNMA1 has not been investigated as an AF candidate gene. METHODS The KCNMA1 gene was sequenced in 118 patients with familial AF. The role of KCa1.1 in normal cardiac structure and function was evaluated in humans, mice, zebrafish, and fly. A novel KCNMA1 variant was functionally characterized. RESULTS A complex KCNMA1 variant was identified in 1 kindred with AF. To evaluate potential disease mechanisms, we first evaluated the distribution of KCa1.1 in normal hearts using immunostaining and immunogold electron microscopy. KCa1.1 was seen throughout the atria and ventricles in humans and mice, with strong expression in the sinus node. In an ex vivo murine sinoatrial node preparation, addition of the KCa1.1 antagonist, paxilline, blunted the increase in beating rate induced by adrenergic receptor stimulation. Knockdown of the KCa1.1 ortholog, kcnma1b, in zebrafish embryos resulted in sinus bradycardia with dilatation and reduced contraction of the atrium and ventricle. Genetic inactivation of the Drosophila KCa1.1 ortholog, slo, systemically or in adult stages, also slowed the heartbeat and produced fibrillatory cardiac contractions. Electrophysiological characterization of slo-deficient flies revealed bursts of action potentials, reflecting increased events of fibrillatory arrhythmias. Flies with cardiac-specific overexpression of the human KCNMA1 mutant also showed increased heart period and bursts of action potentials, similar to the KCa1.1 loss-of-function models. CONCLUSIONS Our data point to a highly conserved role of KCa1.1 in sinus node function in humans, mice, zebrafish, and fly and suggest that KCa1.1 loss of function may predispose to AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Pineda
- Development, Aging & Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (S.P., S.K., K.B., R.B., G.V., K.O.)
| | - Vesna Nikolova-Krstevski
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington (V.N.-K., I.G.H., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Christiana Leimena
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Andrew J Atkinson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (A.J.A., H.D.)
| | - Ann-Kristin Altekoester
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Arie Jacoby
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Inken G Huttner
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington (V.N.-K., I.G.H., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Yue-Kun Ju
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown (Y.-K.J., D.G.A.)
| | - Magdalena Soka
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Monique Ohanian
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Gunjan Trivedi
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Sreehari Kalvakuri
- Development, Aging & Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (S.P., S.K., K.B., R.B., G.V., K.O.)
| | - Katja Birker
- Development, Aging & Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (S.P., S.K., K.B., R.B., G.V., K.O.)
| | - Renee Johnson
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington (V.N.-K., I.G.H., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Peter Molenaar
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (P.M.).,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (P.M.)
| | - Dennis Kuchar
- Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst (D.K., D.F.)
| | - David G Allen
- Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown (Y.-K.J., D.G.A.)
| | - Dirk F van Helden
- University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia (D.F.v.H.)
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington (V.N.-K., I.G.H., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Adam P Hill
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington (V.N.-K., I.G.H., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.)
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging & Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (S.P., S.K., K.B., R.B., G.V., K.O.)
| | - Georg Vogler
- Development, Aging & Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (S.P., S.K., K.B., R.B., G.V., K.O.)
| | - Halina Dobrzynski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (A.J.A., H.D.).,Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland (H.D.)
| | - Karen Ocorr
- Development, Aging & Regeneration Program, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA (S.P., S.K., K.B., R.B., G.V., K.O.)
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (V.N.-K., C.L., A.-K.A., C.D.C., A.J., I.G.H., M.S., M.O., G.T., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington (V.N.-K., I.G.H., R.J., R.P.H., A.P.H., D.F.).,Cardiology Department, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst (D.K., D.F.)
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13
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Santiago CF, Huttner IG, Fatkin D. Mechanisms of TTNtv-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Insights from Zebrafish Models. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8020010. [PMID: 33504111 PMCID: PMC7912658 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common heart muscle disorder characterized by ventricular dilation and contractile dysfunction that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. New insights into disease mechanisms and strategies for treatment and prevention are urgently needed. Truncating variants in the TTN gene, which encodes the giant sarcomeric protein titin (TTNtv), are the most common genetic cause of DCM, but exactly how TTNtv promote cardiomyocyte dysfunction is not known. Although rodent models have been widely used to investigate titin biology, they have had limited utility for TTNtv-related DCM. In recent years, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a powerful alternative model system for studying titin function in the healthy and diseased heart. Optically transparent embryonic zebrafish models have demonstrated key roles of titin in sarcomere assembly and cardiac development. The increasing availability of sophisticated imaging tools for assessment of heart function in adult zebrafish has revolutionized the field and opened new opportunities for modelling human genetic disorders. Genetically modified zebrafish that carry a human A-band TTNtv have now been generated and shown to spontaneously develop DCM with age. This zebrafish model will be a valuable resource for elucidating the phenotype modifying effects of genetic and environmental factors, and for exploring new drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine F. Santiago
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; (C.F.S.); (I.G.H.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Inken G. Huttner
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; (C.F.S.); (I.G.H.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; (C.F.S.); (I.G.H.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- Cardiology Department, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Correspondence:
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14
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Sieliwonczyk E, Matchkov VV, Vandendriessche B, Alaerts M, Bakkers J, Loeys B, Schepers D. Inherited Ventricular Arrhythmia in Zebrafish: Genetic Models and Phenotyping Tools. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 184:33-68. [PMID: 34533615 DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, the field of inheritable ventricular arrhythmia disease modelling has changed significantly with a push towards the use of novel cellular cardiomyocyte based models. However, there is a growing need for new in vivo models to study the disease pathology at the tissue and organ level. Zebrafish provide an excellent opportunity for in vivo modelling of inheritable ventricular arrhythmia syndromes due to the remarkable similarity between their cardiac electrophysiology and that of humans. Additionally, many state-of-the-art methods in gene editing and electrophysiological phenotyping are available for zebrafish research. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of the published zebrafish genetic models for primary electrical disorders and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. We summarise and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the different technical approaches for the generation of genetically modified zebrafish disease models, as well as the electrophysiological approaches in zebrafish phenotyping. By providing this detailed overview, we aim to draw attention to the potential of the zebrafish model for studying arrhythmia syndromes at the organ level and as a platform for personalised medicine and drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sieliwonczyk
- Center of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Vladimir V Matchkov
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bert Vandendriessche
- Center of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maaike Alaerts
- Center of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Loeys
- Center of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dorien Schepers
- Center of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular, Cellular and Network Excitability, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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15
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Ding Y, Bu H, Xu X. Modeling Inherited Cardiomyopathies in Adult Zebrafish for Precision Medicine. Front Physiol 2020; 11:599244. [PMID: 33329049 PMCID: PMC7717946 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.599244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are a highly heterogeneous group of heart muscle disorders. More than 100 causative genes have been linked to various cardiomyopathies, which explain about half of familial cardiomyopathy cases. More than a dozen candidate therapeutic signaling pathways have been identified; however, precision medicine is not being used to treat the various types of cardiomyopathy because knowledge is lacking for how to tailor treatment plans for different genetic causes. Adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) have a higher throughout than rodents and are an emerging vertebrate model for studying cardiomyopathy. Herein, we review progress in the past decade that has proven the feasibility of this simple vertebrate for modeling inherited cardiomyopathies of distinct etiology, identifying effective therapeutic strategies for a particular type of cardiomyopathy, and discovering new cardiomyopathy genes or new therapeutic strategies via a forward genetic approach. On the basis of this progress, we discuss future research that would benefit from integrating this emerging model, including discovery of remaining causative genes and development of genotype-based therapies. Studies using this efficient vertebrate model are anticipated to significantly accelerate the implementation of precision medicine for inherited cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghe Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Haisong Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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16
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Functional evaluation of gene mutations in Long QT Syndrome: strength of evidence from in vitro assays for deciphering variants of uncertain significance. JOURNAL OF CONGENITAL CARDIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40949-020-00037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Genetic screening is now commonplace for patients suspected of having inherited cardiac conditions. Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in disease-associated genes pose problems for the diagnostician and reliable methods for evaluating VUS function are required. Although function is difficult to interrogate for some genes, heritable channelopathies have established mechanisms that should be amenable to well-validated evaluation techniques.
The cellular electrophysiology techniques of ‘voltage-’ and ‘patch-’ clamp have a long history of successful use and have been central to identifying both the roles of genes involved in different forms of congenital Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) and the mechanisms by which mutations lead to aberrant ion channel function underlying clinical phenotypes. This is particularly evident for KCNQ1, KCNH2 and SCN5A, mutations in which underlie > 90% of genotyped LQTS cases (the LQT1-LQT3 subtypes). Recent studies utilizing high throughput (HT) planar patch-clamp recording have shown it to discriminate effectively between rare benign and pathological variants, studied through heterologous expression of recombinant channels. In combination with biochemical methods for evaluating channel trafficking and supported by biophysical modelling, patch clamp also provides detailed mechanistic insight into the functional consequences of identified mutations. Whilst potentially powerful, patient-specific stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes and genetically modified animal models are currently not well-suited to high throughput VUS study.
Conclusion
The widely adopted 2015 American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) and Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants include the PS3 criterion for consideration of evidence from well-established in vitro or in vivo assays. The wealth of information on underlying mechanisms of LQT1-LQT3 and recent HT patch clamp data support consideration of patch clamp data together (for LQT1 and LQT2) with information from biochemical trafficking assays as meeting the PS3 criterion of well established assays, able to provide ‘strong’ evidence for functional pathogenicity of identified VUS.
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17
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Huang W, Ai W, Lin W, Fang F, Wang X, Huang H, Dahlgren RA, Wang H. Identification of receptors for eight endocrine disrupting chemicals and their underlying mechanisms using zebrafish as a model organism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 204:111068. [PMID: 32745784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, eight common endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) were exposed to zebrafish (Danio rerio) to investigate the relationship between different EDCs and their activated estrogen receptors. Under acute exposure, we identified five major malformation types whose incidence and deformity modes differed among EDCs. Luciferase analysis divided the EDC receptors into four categories: (i) triclosan (TCS), 17ß-estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) mainly activated GPER expression; (ii) bisphenol A (BPA), p-(tert-octyl) phenol (POP), 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), E2 and E3 activated ERβ expression; (iii) E2 and E3 acted on both GPER and ERβ; and (iv) estrone (E1) and 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene (BHPF) had little effect on the two receptors. In vivo immunofluorescence experiments on 96-hpf larvae provided evidence that TCS and POP acted on GPER and ERβ, respectively, while E2 acted on the two receptors simultaneously. Luciferase activities in the promoter regions of gper (-986 to -488) and erβ (-1998 to -1496) were higher than those in other regions, identifying these key regions as targets for transcription activity. TCS promoted GPER expression by acting on the JUND transcription factor, while POP promoted ERβ expression by activating the Foxl1 transcription factor. In contrast, E2 mainly regulated transcription of GPER and ERβ by Arid3a. These findings provide compelling evidence that different EDCs possess varying estrogen receptors, leading to differential regulatory pathways and abnormality symptoms. These results offer an experimental strategy and fundamental information to assess the molecular mechanisms of EDC-induced estrogen effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Weiming Ai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Randy A Dahlgren
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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18
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Bazmi M, Escobar AL. Excitation-Contraction Coupling in the Goldfish ( Carassius auratus) Intact Heart. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1103. [PMID: 33041845 PMCID: PMC7518121 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac physiology of fish models is an emerging field given the ease of genome editing and the development of transgenic models. Several studies have described the cardiac properties of zebrafish (Denio rerio). The goldfish (Carassius auratus) belongs to the same family as the zebrafish and has emerged as an alternative model with which to study cardiac function. Here, we propose to acutely study electrophysiological and systolic Ca2+ signaling in intact goldfish hearts. We assessed the Ca2+ dynamics and the electrophysiological cardiac function of goldfish, zebrafish, and mice models, using pulsed local field fluorescence microscopy, intracellular microelectrodes, and flash photolysis in perfused hearts. We observed goldfish ventricular action potentials (APs) and Ca2+ transients to be significantly longer when compared to the zebrafish. The action potential half duration at 50% (APD50) of goldfish was 370.38 ± 8.8 ms long, and in the zebrafish they were observed to be only 83.9 ± 9.4 ms. Additionally, the half duration of the Ca2+ transients was also longer for goldfish (402.1 ± 4.4 ms) compared to the zebrafish (99.1 ± 2.7 ms). Also, blocking of the L-type Ca2+ channels with nifedipine revealed this current has a major role in defining the amplitude and the duration of goldfish Ca2+ transients. Interestingly, nifedipine flash photolysis experiments in the intact heart identified whether or not the decrease in the amplitude of Ca2+ transients was due to shorter APs. Moreover, an increase in temperature and heart rate had a strong shortening effect on the AP and Ca2+ transients of goldfish hearts. Furthermore, ryanodine (Ry) and thapsigargin (Tg) significantly reduced the amplitude of the Ca2+ transients, induced a prolongation in the APs, and altogether exhibited the degree to which the Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum contributed to the Ca2+ transients. We conclude that the electrophysiological properties and Ca2+ signaling in intact goldfish hearts strongly resembles the endocardial layer of larger mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Bazmi
- Quantitative Systems Biology Program, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Ariel L Escobar
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
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19
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Gerull B, Brodehl A. Genetic Animal Models for Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:624. [PMID: 32670084 PMCID: PMC7327121 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy has been clinically defined since the 1980s and causes right or biventricular cardiomyopathy associated with ventricular arrhythmia. Although it is a rare cardiac disease, it is responsible for a significant proportion of sudden cardiac deaths, especially in athletes. The majority of patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy carry one or more genetic variants in desmosomal genes. In the 1990s, several knockout mouse models of genes encoding for desmosomal proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion revealed for the first time embryonic lethality due to cardiac defects. Influenced by these initial discoveries in mice, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy received an increasing interest in human cardiovascular genetics, leading to the discovery of mutations initially in desmosomal genes and later on in more than 25 different genes. Of note, even in the clinic, routine genetic diagnostics are important for risk prediction of patients and their relatives with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Based on improvements in genetic animal engineering, different transgenic, knock-in, or cardiac-specific knockout animal models for desmosomal and nondesmosomal proteins have been generated, leading to important discoveries in this field. Here, we present an overview about the existing animal models of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with a focus on the underlying pathomechanism and its importance for understanding of this disease. Prospectively, novel mechanistic insights gained from the whole animal, organ, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels will lead to the development of efficient personalized therapies for treatment of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Gerull
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Development, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospitals of the Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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20
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Yan J, Li H, Bu H, Jiao K, Zhang AX, Le T, Cao H, Li Y, Ding Y, Xu X. Aging-associated sinus arrest and sick sinus syndrome in adult zebrafish. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232457. [PMID: 32401822 PMCID: PMC7219707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of its powerful genetics, the adult zebrafish has been increasingly used for studying cardiovascular diseases. Considering its heart rate of ~100 beats per minute at ambient temperature, which is very close to human, we assessed the use of this vertebrate animal for modeling heart rhythm disorders such as sinus arrest (SA) and sick sinus syndrome (SSS). We firstly optimized a protocol to measure electrocardiogram in adult zebrafish. We determined the location of the probes, implemented an open-chest microsurgery procedure, measured the effects of temperature, and determined appropriate anesthesia dose and time. We then proposed an PP interval of more than 1.5 seconds as an arbitrary criterion to define an SA episode in an adult fish at ambient temperature, based on comparison between the current definition of an SA episode in humans and our studies of candidate SA episodes in aged wild-type fish and Tg(SCN5A-D1275N) fish (a fish model for inherited SSS). With this criterion, a subpopulation of about 5% wild-type fish can be considered to have SA episodes, and this percentage significantly increases to about 25% in 3-year-old fish. In response to atropine, this subpopulation has both common SSS phenotypic traits that are shared with the Tg(SCN5A-D1275N) model, such as bradycardia; and unique SSS phenotypic traits, such as increased QRS/P ratio and chronotropic incompetence. In summary, this study defined baseline SA and SSS in adult zebrafish and underscored use of the zebrafish as an alternative model to study aging-associated SSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongsong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Haisong Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kunli Jiao
- Division of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Alex X. Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tai Le
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, UC Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Hung Cao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, UC Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UC Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Yigang Li
- Division of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School Of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghe Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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21
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Groome JR, Bayless-Edwards L. Roles for Countercharge in the Voltage Sensor Domain of Ion Channels. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:160. [PMID: 32180723 PMCID: PMC7059764 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels share a common structure typified by peripheral, voltage sensor domains. Their S4 segments respond to alteration in membrane potential with translocation coupled to ion permeation through a central pore domain. The mechanisms of gating in these channels have been intensely studied using pioneering methods such as measurement of charge displacement across a membrane, sequencing of genes coding for voltage-gated ion channels, and the development of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations using structural information from prokaryotic and eukaryotic channel proteins. One aspect of this work has been the description of the role of conserved negative countercharges in S1, S2, and S3 transmembrane segments to promote sequential salt-bridge formation with positively charged residues in S4 segments. These interactions facilitate S4 translocation through the lipid bilayer. In this review, we describe functional and computational work investigating the role of these countercharges in S4 translocation, voltage sensor domain hydration, and in diseases resulting from countercharge mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Groome
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, United States
| | - Landon Bayless-Edwards
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, United States
- Oregon Health and Sciences University School of Medicine, Portland, OR, United States
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22
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Farr GH, Imani K, Pouv D, Maves L. Functional testing of a human PBX3 variant in zebrafish reveals a potential modifier role in congenital heart defects. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm035972. [PMID: 30355621 PMCID: PMC6215422 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome and exome sequencing efforts are increasingly identifying candidate genetic variants associated with human disease. However, predicting and testing the pathogenicity of a genetic variant remains challenging. Genome editing allows for the rigorous functional testing of human genetic variants in animal models. Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are a prominent example of a human disorder with complex genetics. An inherited sequence variant in the human PBX3 gene (PBX3 p.A136V) has previously been shown to be enriched in a CHD patient cohort, indicating that the PBX3 p.A136V variant could be a modifier allele for CHDs. Pbx genes encode three-amino-acid loop extension (TALE)-class homeodomain-containing DNA-binding proteins with diverse roles in development and disease, and are required for heart development in mouse and zebrafish. Here, we used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to directly test whether this Pbx gene variant acts as a genetic modifier in zebrafish heart development. We used a single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide to precisely introduce the human PBX3 p.A136V variant in the homologous zebrafish pbx4 gene (pbx4 p.A131V). We observed that zebrafish that are homozygous for pbx4 p.A131V are viable as adults. However, the pbx4 p.A131V variant enhances the embryonic cardiac morphogenesis phenotype caused by loss of the known cardiac specification factor, Hand2. Our study is the first example of using precision genome editing in zebrafish to demonstrate a function for a human disease-associated single nucleotide variant of unknown significance. Our work underscores the importance of testing the roles of inherited variants, not just de novo variants, as genetic modifiers of CHDs. Our study provides a novel approach toward advancing our understanding of the complex genetics of CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gist H Farr
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Kimia Imani
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Darren Pouv
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lisa Maves
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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23
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Moreau A, Chahine M. A New Cardiac Channelopathy: From Clinical Phenotypes to Molecular Mechanisms Associated With Na v1.5 Gating Pores. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:139. [PMID: 30356750 PMCID: PMC6189448 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage gated sodium channels (NaV) are broadly expressed in the human body. They are responsible for the initiation of action potentials in excitable cells. They also underlie several physiological processes such as cognitive, sensitive, motor, and cardiac functions. The NaV1.5 channel is the main NaV expressed in the heart. A dysfunction of this channel is usually associated with the development of pure electrical disorders such as long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, sinus node dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, and cardiac conduction disorders. However, mutations of Nav1.5 have recently been linked to the development of an atypical clinical entity combining complex arrhythmias and dilated cardiomyopathy. Although several Nav1.5 mutations have been linked to dilated cardiomyopathy phenotypes, their pathogenic mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The gating pore may constitute a common biophysical defect for all NaV1.5 mutations located in the channel's VSDs. The creation of such a gating pore may disrupt the ionic homeostasis of cardiomyocytes, affecting electrical signals, cell morphology, and cardiac myocyte function. The main objective of this article is to review the concept of gating pores and their role in structural heart diseases and to discuss potential pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Moreau
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Mohamed Chahine
- CERVO Research Centre, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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24
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Ravens U. Ionic basis of cardiac electrophysiology in zebrafish compared to human hearts. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 138:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Dvornikov AV, de Tombe PP, Xu X. Phenotyping cardiomyopathy in adult zebrafish. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 138:116-125. [PMID: 29884423 PMCID: PMC6269218 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is usually manifested by increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, excessive contractility, and impaired relaxation. In contrast, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) originates from insufficient sarcomere contractility and reduced cardiac pump function, subsequently resulting in heart failure. The zebrafish has emerged as a new model of human cardiomyopathy with high-throughput screening, which will facilitate the discovery of novel genetic factors and the development of new therapies. Given the small hearts of zebrafish, better phenotyping tools are needed to discern different types of cardiomyopathy, such as HCM and DCM. This article reviews the existing models of cardiomyopathy, available morphologic and functional methods, and current understanding of the different types of cardiomyopathy in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Dvornikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Pieter P de Tombe
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago, IL, USA; Magdi Yacoub Institute, Cardiac Biophysics Division, Harefield, UK; Imperial College, Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK; Freiburg University, Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Germany
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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26
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Zhang H, Dvornikov AV, Huttner IG, Ma X, Santiago CF, Fatkin D, Xu X. A Langendorff-like system to quantify cardiac pump function in adult zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.034819. [PMID: 30012855 PMCID: PMC6177000 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.034819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are increasingly used as a vertebrate model to study human cardiovascular disorders. Although heart structure and function are readily visualized in zebrafish embryos because of their optical transparency, the lack of effective tools for evaluating the hearts of older, nontransparent fish has been a major limiting factor. The recent development of high-frequency echocardiography has been an important advance for in vivo cardiac assessment, but it necessitates anesthesia and has limited ability to study acute interventions. We report the development of an alternative experimental ex vivo technique for quantifying heart size and function that resembles the Langendorff heart preparations that have been widely used in mammalian models. Dissected adult zebrafish hearts were perfused with a calcium-containing buffer, and a beat frequency was maintained with electrical stimulation. The impact of pacing frequency, flow rate and perfusate calcium concentration on ventricular performance (including end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, ejection fraction, radial strain, and maximal velocities of shortening and relaxation) were evaluated and optimal conditions defined. We determined the effects of age on heart function in wild-type male and female zebrafish, and successfully detected hypercontractile and hypocontractile responses after adrenergic stimulation or doxorubicin treatment, respectively. Good correlations were found between indices of cardiac contractility obtained with high-frequency echocardiography and with the ex vivo technique in a subset of fish studied with both methods. The ex vivo beating heart preparation is a valuable addition to the cardiac function tool kit that will expand the use of adult zebrafish for cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.,Cardiovascular Surgery Department, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Alexey V Dvornikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Inken G Huttner
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.,Clinical and Translational Sciences Track, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55092, USA
| | - Celine F Santiago
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Molecular Cardiology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Cardiology Department, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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27
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Tanaka Y, Hayashi K, Fujino N, Konno T, Tada H, Nakanishi C, Hodatsu A, Tsuda T, Nagata Y, Teramoto R, Yoshida S, Nomura A, Kawashiri MA, Yamagishi M. Functional analysis of KCNH2 gene mutations of type 2 long QT syndrome in larval zebrafish using microscopy and electrocardiography. Heart Vessels 2018; 34:159-166. [PMID: 30047011 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-018-1231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Heterologous expression systems play a vital role in the characterization of potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2) gene mutations, such as E637K which is associated with long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2). In vivo assays using zebrafish provide a means for testing genetic variants of cardiac disease; however, limited information on the role of the E637K mutation is available from in vivo systems and their utility has yet to be fully exploited in the context of LQT2. We sought to evaluate the ability of the E637K mutant channel to restore normal repolarization in larval zebrafish with a human KCNH2 orthologue, kcnh2a-knockdown. A morpholino (MO) targeting kcnh2a was injected alone or with wild type (WT) or E637K KCNH2 cRNA into zebrafish embryos at the 1-2 cell stage. Cardiac repolarization phenotypes were screened using light microscopy and the QT interval was measured by single lead electrocardiograph (ECG) analysis at 72-h post-fertilization. In the MO alone group, 17% of zebrafish had a normal phenotype; this rate increased to 60% in the WT KCNH2 cRNA injected zebrafish and to 35% in the E637K injected zebrafish. The ECG of larval zebrafish revealed that QTc was significantly prolonged in the MO alone group compared to the control group. Co-injection of WT KCNH2 cRNA shortened the QTc interval, however, that of the E637K did not. We suggest that this in vivo cardiac assay using microscopy and ECG in larval zebrafish offers a reliable approach for risk discrimination of KCNH2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kenshi Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Noboru Fujino
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Konno
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hayato Tada
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Chiaki Nakanishi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hodatsu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Toyonobu Tsuda
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagata
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Ryota Teramoto
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shohei Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nomura
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Kawashiri
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
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28
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Paone C, Diofano F, Park DD, Rottbauer W, Just S. Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease: Fishing for Causality. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:60. [PMID: 29911105 PMCID: PMC5992778 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of death in all western world countries and genetic predisposition in combination with traditional risk factors frequently mediates their manifestation. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies revealed numerous potentially disease modifying genetic loci often including several SNPs and associated genes. However, pure genetic association does not prove direct or indirect relevance of the modifier region on pathogenesis, nor does it define within the associated region the exact genetic driver of the disease. Therefore, the relevance of the identified genetic disease associations needs to be confirmed either in monogenic traits or in experimental in vivo model system by functional genomic studies. In this review, we focus on the use of functional genomic approaches such as gene knock-down or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in the zebrafish model to validate disease-associated genomic loci and to identify novel cardiovascular disease genes. We summarize the benefits of the zebrafish for cardiovascular research and highlight examples demonstrating the successful combination of GWA studies and functional genomics in zebrafish to broaden our knowledge on the genetic and molecular underpinnings of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Paone
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Federica Diofano
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Deung-Dae Park
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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29
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Hodgson P, Ireland J, Grunow B. Fish, the better model in human heart research? Zebrafish Heart aggregates as a 3D spontaneously cardiomyogenic in vitro model system. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 138:132-141. [PMID: 29729327 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish (ZF) has become an essential model for biomedical, pharmacological and eco-toxicological heart research. Despite the anatomical differences between fish and human hearts, similarities in cellular structure and conservation of genes as well as pathways across vertebrates have led to an increase in the popularity of ZF as a model for human cardiac research. ZF research benefits from an entirely sequenced genome, which allows us to establish and study cardiovascular mutants to better understand cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we will discuss the importance of in vitro model systems for cardiac research and summarise results of in vitro 3D heart-like cell aggregates, consisting of myocardial tissue formed spontaneously from enzymatically digested whole embryonic ZF larvae (Zebrafish Heart Aggregate - ZFHA). We will give an overview of the similarities and differences of ZF versus human hearts and highlight why ZF complement established mammalian models (i.e. murine and large animal models) for cardiac research. At this stage, the ZFHA model system is being refined into a high-throughput (more ZFHA generated than larvae prepared) and stable in vitro test system to accomplish the same longevity of previously successful salmonid models. ZFHA have potential for the use of high-throughput-screenings of different factors like small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins and lipids which is difficult to achieve in the zebrafish in vivo screening models with lethal mutations as well as to explore ion channel disorders and to find appropriate drugs for safety screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Hodgson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | - Jake Ireland
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK; School of Chemistry, Materials Science, and Engineering, Hilmer Building, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bianka Grunow
- University Medicine Greifswald, Institute of Physiology, Greifswalder Str. 11C, 17495 Karlsburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
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Li C, Chen Q, Zhang X, Snyder SA, Gong Z, Lam SH. An integrated approach with the zebrafish model for biomonitoring of municipal wastewater effluent and receiving waters. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 131:33-44. [PMID: 29258003 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive monitoring of water pollution is challenging. With the increasing amount and types of anthropogenic compounds being released into water, there are rising concerns of undetected toxicity. This is especially true for municipal wastewater effluents that are discharged to surface waters. This study was designed to integrate zebrafish toxicogenomics, targeted gene expression, and morphological analyses, for toxicity evaluation of effluent discharged from two previously characterized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Pima County, Arizona, and their receiving surface water. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to organic extracts from the WWTP1 effluent that were reconstituted to represent 1× and 0.5× of the original concentration. Microarray analyses identified deregulated gene probes that mapped to 1666, 779, and 631 unique human homologs in the 1×, 0.5×, and the intersection of both groups, respectively. These were associated with 18 cellular and molecular functions ranging from cell cycle to metabolism and are involved in the development and function of 10 organ systems including nervous, cardiovascular, haematological, reproductive, and hepatic systems. Superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis, retinoic acid receptor activation, glucocorticoid receptor and prolactin signaling were among the top 11 perturbed canonical pathways. Real-time quantitative PCR validated the expression changes of 12 selected genes. These genes were then tested on zebrafish embryos exposed to the reconstituted extract of water sampled downstream of WWTP1 and another nearby WWTP2. The expression of several targeted genes were significantly affected by the WWTP effluents and some of the downstream receiving waters. Morphological analyses using four transgenic zebrafish lines revealed potential toxicity associated with nervous, hepatic, endothelial-vascular and myeloid systems. This study demonstrated how information can be obtained using adverse outcome pathway framework to derive biological effect-based monitoring tools. This integrated approach using zebrafish can supplement analytical chemistry to provide more comprehensive monitoring of discharged effluents and their receiving waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Li
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Qiyu Chen
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shane A Snyder
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Siew Hong Lam
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Yin X, Shi M, Dahlgren RA, Wang H. Toxicity assessment of combined fluoroquinolone and tetracycline exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:736-50. [PMID: 25504783 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) and tetracyclines (TCs), the two β-diketone antibiotics (DKAs), are two frequently detected pollutants in the environment; however, little data are available on their combined toxicity to zebrafish (Danio rerio). This study reports that toxicologic effects of combined DKA (FQs-TCs) exposure on zebrafish were comparable with or slightly less than those of TCs alone, showing that TCs played a major toxicologic role in the mixtures. The effects of FQs, TCs, and DKAs on malformation rates of zebrafish were dose dependent, with EC50 values of 481.3, 16.4, and 135.1 mg/L, respectively. According to the combined effects of DKAs on zebrafish hatching, mortality, and malformation rates, the interaction between FQs and TCs was shown to be antagonistic based on three assessment methods: Toxic Unit, Additional Index, and Mixture Toxic Index. The 1.56 mg/L TC and 9.38 mg/L DKA treatments resulted in higher zebrafish basal swimming rate compared with the control group at 120 hours postfertilization (hpf). in both light and light-to-dark photoperiod experiments. Under conditions of no obvious abnormality in cardiac development, the heart beats were decreased significantly because of DKA exposure, such as decreasing by ∼20% at 150 mg/L DKAs. Transmission electron microscopy observation of myocytes from DKA-exposed hearts displayed prominent interruptions and myofibrillar disorganization of the normal parallel alignment of thick and thin filaments, and partial edematous and dissolved membranes of cell nuclear tissues. At 90 mg/L DKAs, the transcriptional levels of the acta1a, myl7, and gle1b genes, related to heart development and skeletal muscle formation, were significantly changed. This is consistent with the swimming behavior and histopathologic results obtained by transmission electron microscopy. In summary, the toxicity of the combined DKAs to zebrafish was comparable with or less than that of TCs alone and had the ability to impair individual behaviors that are of great importance in the assessment of their ecologic fitness. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 736-750, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Zhang
- Wenzhou Applied Technology & Environmental Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Wenzhou Applied Technology & Environmental Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaohan Yin
- Wenzhou Applied Technology & Environmental Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Mengru Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Randy Alan Dahlgren
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Huili Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
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Brown DR, Samsa LA, Qian L, Liu J. Advances in the Study of Heart Development and Disease Using Zebrafish. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2016; 3. [PMID: 27335817 PMCID: PMC4913704 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd3020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of cardiovascular disease are key players in the translational medicine pipeline used to define the conserved genetic and molecular basis of disease. Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common type of human birth defect and feature structural abnormalities that arise during cardiac development and maturation. The zebrafish, Danio rerio, is a valuable vertebrate model organism, offering advantages over traditional mammalian models. These advantages include the rapid, stereotyped and external development of transparent embryos produced in large numbers from inexpensively housed adults, vast capacity for genetic manipulation, and amenability to high-throughput screening. With the help of modern genetics and a sequenced genome, zebrafish have led to insights in cardiovascular diseases ranging from CHDs to arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy. Here, we discuss the utility of zebrafish as a model system and summarize zebrafish cardiac morphogenesis with emphasis on parallels to human heart diseases. Additionally, we discuss the specific tools and experimental platforms utilized in the zebrafish model including forward screens, functional characterization of candidate genes, and high throughput applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Brown
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.R.B.); (L.Q.)
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Leigh Ann Samsa
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.R.B.); (L.Q.)
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.R.B.); (L.Q.)
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-919-962-0326; Fax: +1-919- 843-2063
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Vargas R, Vásquez IC. Cardiac and somatic parameters in zebrafish: tools for the evaluation of cardiovascular function. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:569-577. [PMID: 26553553 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a worldwide public health problem. To date, extensive research has been conducted to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms that trigger cardiovascular diseases and to evaluate therapeutic options. Animal models are widely used to achieve these goals, and zebrafish have emerged as a low-cost model that produces rapid results. Currently, a large body of research is devoted to the cardiovascular development and diverse cardiovascular disorders of zebrafish embryos and larvae. However, less research has been conducted on adult zebrafish specimens. In this study, we evaluated a method to obtain and to evaluate morphometric parameters (of both the entire animal and the heart) of adult zebrafish. We used these data to calculate additional parameters, such as body mass index, condition factor and cardiac somatic index. This method and its results can be used as reference for future studies that aim to evaluate the pathophysiological aspects of the zebrafish cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Vargas
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Isabel Cristina Vásquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Keßler M, Rottbauer W, Just S. Recent progress in the use of zebrafish for novel cardiac drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:1231-41. [PMID: 26294375 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.1078788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Hein SJ, Lehmann LH, Kossack M, Juergensen L, Fuchs D, Katus HA, Hassel D. Advanced echocardiography in adult zebrafish reveals delayed recovery of heart function after myocardial cryoinjury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122665. [PMID: 25853735 PMCID: PMC4390243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Translucent zebrafish larvae represent an established model to analyze genetics of cardiac development and human cardiac disease. More recently adult zebrafish are utilized to evaluate mechanisms of cardiac regeneration and by benefiting from recent genome editing technologies, including TALEN and CRISPR, adult zebrafish are emerging as a valuable in vivo model to evaluate novel disease genes and specifically validate disease causing mutations and their underlying pathomechanisms. However, methods to sensitively and non-invasively assess cardiac morphology and performance in adult zebrafish are still limited. We here present a standardized examination protocol to broadly assess cardiac performance in adult zebrafish by advancing conventional echocardiography with modern speckle-tracking analyses. This allows accurate detection of changes in cardiac performance and further enables highly sensitive assessment of regional myocardial motion and deformation in high spatio-temporal resolution. Combining conventional echocardiography measurements with radial and longitudinal velocity, displacement, strain, strain rate and myocardial wall delay rates after myocardial cryoinjury permitted to non-invasively determine injury dimensions and to longitudinally follow functional recovery during cardiac regeneration. We show that functional recovery of cryoinjured hearts occurs in three distinct phases. Importantly, the regeneration process after cryoinjury extends far beyond the proposed 45 days described for ventricular resection with reconstitution of myocardial performance up to 180 days post-injury (dpi). The imaging modalities evaluated here allow sensitive cardiac phenotyping and contribute to further establish adult zebrafish as valuable cardiac disease model beyond the larval developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina J. Hein
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz H. Lehmann
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mandy Kossack
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lonny Juergensen
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Fuchs
- FUJIFILM VisualSonics Inc., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo A. Katus
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Hassel
- Department of Medicine III, Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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36
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Wilkinson RN, Jopling C, van Eeden FJM. Zebrafish as a model of cardiac disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 124:65-91. [PMID: 24751427 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386930-2.00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish has been rapidly adopted as a model for cardiac development and disease. The transparency of the embryo, its limited requirement for active oxygen delivery, and ease of use in genetic manipulations and chemical exposure have made it a powerful alternative to rodents. Novel technologies like TALEN/CRISPR-mediated genome engineering and advanced imaging methods will only accelerate its use. Here, we give an overview of heart development and function in the fish and highlight a number of areas where it is most actively contributing to the understanding of cardiac development and disease. We also review the current state of research on a feature that we only could wish to be conserved between fish and human; cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Wilkinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Jopling
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Département de Physiologie, Labex Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Montpellier, France; INSERM, U661, Montpellier, France; Universités de Montpellier 1&2, UMR-5203, Montpellier, France
| | - Fredericus J M van Eeden
- MRC Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Fatkin D, Seidman CE, Seidman JG. Genetics and disease of ventricular muscle. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 4:a021063. [PMID: 24384818 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a021063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of heart muscle diseases associated with heart failure, arrhythmias, and death. Genetic variation has a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathies, and numerous single-gene mutations have been associated with distinctive cardiomyopathy phenotypes. Contemporaneously with these discoveries, there has been enormous growth of genome-wide sequencing studies in large populations, data that show extensive genomic variation within every individual. The considerable allelic diversity in cardiomyopathy genes and in genes predicted to impact clinical expression of disease mutations indicates the need for a more nuanced interpretation of single-gene mutation in cardiomyopathies. These findings highlight the need to find new ways to interpret the functional significance of suites of genetic variants, as well as the need for new disease models that take global genetic variant burdens, epigenetic factors, and cardiac environmental factors into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Fatkin
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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