1
|
Gera J, Kumar D, Chauhan G, Choudhary A, Rani L, Mandal L, Mandal S. High sugar diet-induced fatty acid oxidation potentiates cytokine-dependent cardiac ECM remodeling. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202306087. [PMID: 38916917 PMCID: PMC11199913 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202306087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Context-dependent physiological remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for development and organ homeostasis. On the other hand, consumption of high-caloric diet leverages ECM remodeling to create pathological conditions that impede the functionality of different organs, including the heart. However, the mechanistic basis of high caloric diet-induced ECM remodeling has yet to be elucidated. Employing in vivo molecular genetic analyses in Drosophila, we demonstrate that high dietary sugar triggers ROS-independent activation of JNK signaling to promote fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the pericardial cells (nephrocytes). An elevated level of FAO, in turn, induces histone acetylation-dependent transcriptional upregulation of the cytokine Unpaired 3 (Upd3). Release of pericardial Upd3 augments fat body-specific expression of the cardiac ECM protein Pericardin, leading to progressive cardiac fibrosis. Importantly, this pathway is quite distinct from the ROS-Ask1-JNK/p38 axis that regulates Upd3 expression under normal physiological conditions. Our results unravel an unknown physiological role of FAO in cytokine-dependent ECM remodeling, bearing implications in diabetic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Gera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Dheeraj Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Gunjan Chauhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Adarsh Choudhary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Lavi Rani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Lolitika Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sudip Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aguado-Alvaro LP, Garitano N, Pelacho B. Fibroblast Diversity and Epigenetic Regulation in Cardiac Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6004. [PMID: 38892192 PMCID: PMC11172550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, a process characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, is a common pathological consequence of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) normally resulting in organ failure and death. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) play an essential role in deleterious cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. In response to injury, quiescent CFs become activated and adopt a collagen-secreting phenotype highly contributing to cardiac fibrosis. In recent years, studies have been focused on the exploration of molecular and cellular mechanisms implicated in the activation process of CFs, which allow the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis. Transcriptomic analyses using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) have helped to elucidate the high cellular diversity and complex intercellular communication networks that CFs establish in the mammalian heart. Furthermore, a significant body of work supports the critical role of epigenetic regulation on the expression of genes involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. The study of epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling, has provided more insights into CF activation and fibrotic processes. Targeting epigenetic regulators, especially DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), histone acetylases (HAT), or histone deacetylases (HDAC), has emerged as a promising approach for the development of novel anti-fibrotic therapies. This review focuses on recent transcriptomic advances regarding CF diversity and molecular and epigenetic mechanisms that modulate the activation process of CFs and their possible clinical applications for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pilar Aguado-Alvaro
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.P.A.-A.); (N.G.)
- Program of Cardiovascular Disease, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Garitano
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.P.A.-A.); (N.G.)
- Program of Cardiovascular Disease, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pelacho
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (L.P.A.-A.); (N.G.)
- Program of Cardiovascular Disease, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lv L, Chen Q, Lu J, Zhao Q, Wang H, Li J, Yuan K, Dong Z. Potential regulatory role of epigenetic modifications in aging-related heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2024; 401:131858. [PMID: 38360101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a serious clinical syndrome and a serious development or advanced stage of various heart diseases. Aging is an independent factor that causes pathological damage in cardiomyopathy and participates in the occurrence of HF at the molecular level by affecting mechanisms such as telomere shortening and mitochondrial dysfunction. Epigenetic changes have a significant impact on the aging process, and there is increasing evidence that genetic and epigenetic changes are key features of aging and aging-related diseases. Epigenetic modifications can affect genetic information by changing the chromatin state without changing the DNA sequence. Most of the genetic loci that are highly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are located in non-coding regions of the genome; therefore, the epigenetic mechanism of CVD has attracted much attention. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of HF during aging and epigenetic modifications mediating aging-related HF, emphasizing that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of aging-related CVD and can be used as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - QiuYu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Acousto-Optic Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment in Heilongjiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - HongYan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - JiaHao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - KeYing Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - ZengXiang Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Acousto-Optic Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment in Heilongjiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Akumwami S, Morishita A, Iradukunda A, Kobara H, Nishiyama A. Possible organ-protective effects of renal denervation: insights from basic studies. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:2661-2669. [PMID: 37532952 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate sympathetic nervous activation is the body's response to biological stress and is thought to be involved in the development of various lifestyle-related diseases through an elevation in blood pressure. Experimental studies have shown that surgical renal denervation decreases blood pressure in hypertensive animals. Recently, minimally invasive catheter-based renal denervation has been clinically developed, which results in a reduction in blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension. Accumulating evidence in basic studies has shown that renal denervation exerts beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Interestingly, recent studies have also indicated that renal denervation improves glucose tolerance and inflammatory changes. In this review article, we summarize the evidence from animal studies to provide comprehensive insight into the organ-protective effects of renal denervation beyond changes in blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steeve Akumwami
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Kobara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wołowiec A, Wołowiec Ł, Grześk G, Jaśniak A, Osiak J, Husejko J, Kozakiewicz M. The Role of Selected Epigenetic Pathways in Cardiovascular Diseases as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13723. [PMID: 37762023 PMCID: PMC10531432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is a rapidly developing science that has gained a lot of interest in recent years due to the correlation between characteristic epigenetic marks and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Epigenetic modifications contribute to a change in gene expression while maintaining the DNA sequence. The analysis of these modifications provides a thorough insight into the cardiovascular system from its development to its further functioning. Epigenetics is strongly influenced by environmental factors, including known cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and low physical activity. Similarly, conditions affecting the local microenvironment of cells, such as chronic inflammation, worsen the prognosis in cardiovascular diseases and additionally induce further epigenetic modifications leading to the consolidation of unfavorable cardiovascular changes. A deeper understanding of epigenetics may provide an answer to the continuing strong clinical impact of cardiovascular diseases by improving diagnostic capabilities, personalized medical approaches and the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. The aim of the study was to present selected epigenetic pathways, their significance in cardiovascular diseases, and their potential as a therapeutic target in specific medical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wołowiec
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Biochemistry and Biogerontology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Łukasz Wołowiec
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Grześk
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Albert Jaśniak
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Joanna Osiak
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Jakub Husejko
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kozakiewicz
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Biochemistry and Biogerontology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo S, Yang Z, Chen R, You D, Teng F, Yuan Y, Liu W, Li J, Zhang H. Cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (CRLF1) promotes cardiac fibrosis via ERK1/2 signaling pathway. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:682-697. [PMID: 37551555 PMCID: PMC10423965 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a cause of morbidity and mortality in people with heart disease. Anti-fibrosis treatment is a significant therapy for heart disease, but there is still no thorough understanding of fibrotic mechanisms. This study was carried out to ascertain the functions of cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (CRLF1) in cardiac fibrosis and clarify its regulatory mechanisms. We found that CRLF1 was expressed predominantly in cardiac fibroblasts. Its expression was up-regulated not only in a mouse heart fibrotic model induced by myocardial infarction, but also in mouse and human cardiac fibroblasts provoked by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Gain- and loss-of-function experiments of CRLF1 were carried out in neonatal mice cardiac fibroblasts (NMCFs) with or without TGF-β1 stimulation. CRLF1 overexpression increased cell viability, collagen production, cell proliferation capacity, and myofibroblast transformation of NMCFs with or without TGF-β1 stimulation, while silencing of CRLF1 had the opposite effects. An inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway and different inhibitors of TGF-β1 signaling cascades, comprising mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD)-dependent and SMAD-independent pathways, were applied to investigate the mechanisms involved. CRLF1 exerted its functions by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the SMAD-dependent pathway, not the SMAD-independent pathway, was responsible for CRLF1 up-regulation in NMCFs treated with TGF-β1. In summary, activation of the TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway in cardiac fibrosis increased CRLF1 expression. CRLF1 then aggravated cardiac fibrosis by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. CRLF1 could become a novel potential target for intervention and remedy of cardiac fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenjian Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Danming You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Youwen Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Medical University Affiliated Second Hospital, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
HDAC Inhibitors Alleviate Uric Acid-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury by Way of the HDAC6/FGF21/PI3K/AKT Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 81:150-164. [PMID: 36607630 PMCID: PMC9901848 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Uric acid (UA) accumulation triggers endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) plays a vital role in regulating the pathological processes of various diseases. However, the influence of HDAC inhibitor on UA-induced vascular endothelial cell injury (VECI) remains undefined. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of HDACs inhibition on UA-induced vascular endothelial cell dysfunction and its detailed mechanism. UA was used to induce human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury. Meanwhile, potassium oxonate-induced and hypoxanthine-induced hyperuricemia mouse models were also constructed. A broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) or selective HDAC6 inhibitor TubastatinA (TubA) was given to HUVECs or mice to determine whether HDACs can affect UA-induced VECI. The results showed pretreatment of HUVECs with TSA or HDAC6 knockdown-attenuated UA-induced VECI and increased FGF21 expression and phosphorylation of AKT, eNOS, and FoxO3a. These effects could be reversed by FGF21 knockdown. In vivo, both TSA and TubA reduced inflammation and tissue injury while increased FGF21 expression and phosphorylation of AKT, eNOS, and FoxO3a in the aortic and renal tissues of hyperuricemia mice. Therefore, HDACs, especially HDAC6 inhibitor, alleviated UA-induced VECI through upregulating FGF21 expression and then activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. This suggests that HDAC6 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for treating UA-induced endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
|
8
|
Beaven E, Kumar R, Bhatt HN, Esquivel SV, Nurunnabi M. Myofibroblast specific targeting approaches to improve fibrosis treatment. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13556-13571. [PMID: 36445310 PMCID: PMC9946855 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04825f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis has been shown to develop in individuals with underlying health conditions, especially chronic inflammatory diseases. Fibrosis is often diagnosed in various organs, including the liver, lungs, kidneys, heart, and skin, and has been described as excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix that can affect specific organs in the body or systemically throughout the body. Fibrosis as a chronic condition can result in organ failure and result in death of the individual. Understanding and identification of specific biomarkers associated with fibrosis has emerging potential in the development of diagnosis and targeting treatment modalities. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss multiple signaling pathways such as TGF-β, collagen, angiotensin, and cadherin and outline the chemical nature of the different signaling pathways involved in fibrogenesis as well as the mechanisms. Although it has been well established that TGF-β is the main catalyst initiating and driving multiple pathways for fibrosis, targeting TGF-β can be challenging as this molecule regulates essential functions throughout the body that help to keep the body in homeostasis. We also discuss collagen, angiotensin, and cadherins and their role in fibrosis. We comprehensively discuss the various delivery systems used to target collagen, angiotensin, and cadherins to manage fibrosis. Nevertheless, understanding the steps by which this molecule drives fibrosis development can aid in the development of specific targets of its cascading mechanism. Throughout the review, we will demonstrate the mechanism of fibrosis targeting to improve targeting delivery and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elfa Beaven
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Himanshu N Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Stephanie V Esquivel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
- Aerospace Center (cSETR), The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Aerospace Center (cSETR), The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shao J, Liu J, Zuo S. Roles of Epigenetics in Cardiac Fibroblast Activation and Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152347. [PMID: 35954191 PMCID: PMC9367448 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiologic process associated with numerous cardiovascular diseases, resulting in cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) play an important role in the production of the extracellular matrix and are the essential cell type in a quiescent state in a healthy heart. In response to diverse pathologic stress and environmental stress, resident CFs convert to activated fibroblasts, referred to as myofibroblasts, which produce more extracellular matrix, contributing to cardiac fibrosis. Although multiple molecular mechanisms are implicated in CFs activation and cardiac fibrosis, there is increasing evidence that epigenetic regulation plays a key role in this process. Epigenetics is a rapidly growing field in biology, and provides a modulated link between pathological stimuli and gene expression profiles, ultimately leading to corresponding pathological changes. Epigenetic modifications are mainly composed of three main categories: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. This review focuses on recent advances regarding epigenetic regulation in cardiac fibrosis and highlights the effects of epigenetic modifications on CFs activation. Finally, we provide some perspectives and prospects for the study of epigenetic modifications and cardiac fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Shao
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China;
| | - Jiao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China;
| | - Shengkai Zuo
- The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhu H, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Xie Z. RNA-Binding Profiles of CKAP4 as an RNA-Binding Protein in Myocardial Tissues. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:773573. [PMID: 35004889 PMCID: PMC8733325 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.773573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pathological tissue remodeling such as fibrosis is developed in various cardiac diseases. As one of cardiac activated-myofibroblast protein markers, CKAP4 may be involved in this process and the mechanisms have not been explored. Methods: We assumed that CKAP4 held a role in the regulation of cardiac fibrotic remodeling as an RNA-binding protein. Using improved RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing (iRIP-seq), we sought to analyze the RNAs bound by CKAP4 in normal atrial muscle (IP1 group) and remodeling fibrotic atrial muscle (IP2 group) from patients with cardiac valvular disease. Quantitative PCR and Western blotting were applied to identify CKAP4 mRNA and protein expression levels in human right atrium samples. Results: iRIP-seq was successfully performed, CKAP4-bound RNAs were characterized. By statistically analyzing the distribution of binding peaks in various regions on the reference human genome, we found that the reads of IP samples were mainly distributed in the intergenic and intron regions implying that CKAP4 is more inclined to combine non-coding RNAs. There were 913 overlapping binding peaks between the IP1 and IP2 groups. The top five binding motifs were obtained by HOMER, in which GGGAU was the binding sequence that appeared simultaneously in both IP groups. Binding peak-related gene cluster enrichment analysis demonstrated these genes were mainly involved in biological processes such as signal transduction, protein phosphorylation, axonal guidance, and cell connection. The signal pathways ranking most varied in the IP2 group compared to the IP1 group were relating to mitotic cell cycle, protein ubiquitination and nerve growth factor receptors. More impressively, peak analysis revealed the lncRNA-binding features of CKAP4 in both IP groups. Furthermore, qPCR verified CKAP4 differentially bound lncRNAs including LINC00504, FLJ22447, RP11-326N17.2, and HELLPAR in remodeling myocardial tissues when compared with normal myocardial tissues. Finally, the expression of CKAP4 is down-regulated in human remodeling fibrotic atrium. Conclusions: We reveal certain RNA-binding features of CKAP4 suggesting a relevant role as an unconventional RNA-binding protein in cardiac remodeling process. Deeper structural and functional analysis will be helpful to enrich the regulatory network of cardiac remodeling and to identify potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongshang Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ambardekar AV, Stratton MS, Dobrinskikh E, Hunter KS, Tatman PD, Lemieux ME, Cleveland JC, Tuder RM, Weiser-Evans MCM, Moulton KS, McKinsey TA. Matrix-Degrading Enzyme Expression and Aortic Fibrosis During Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Mechanical Support. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:1782-1795. [PMID: 34711337 PMCID: PMC8562886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of nonphysiological flow generated by continuous-flow (CF) left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) on the aorta remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to quantify indexes of fibrosis and determine the molecular signature of post-CF-LVAD vascular remodeling. METHODS Paired aortic tissue was collected at CF-LVAD implant and subsequently at transplant from 22 patients. Aortic wall morphometry and fibrillar collagen content (a measure of fibrosis) was quantified. In addition, whole-transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing and follow-up immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate CF-LVAD-mediated changes in aortic mRNA and protein expression. RESULTS The mean age was 52 ± 12 years, with a mean duration of CF-LVAD of 224 ± 193 days (range 45-798 days). There was a significant increase in the thickness of the collagen-rich adventitial layer from 218 ± 110 μm pre-LVAD to 410 ± 209 μm post-LVAD (P < 0.01). Furthermore, there was an increase in intimal and medial mean fibrillar collagen intensity from 22 ± 11 a.u. pre-LVAD to 41 ± 24 a.u. post-LVAD (P < 0.0001). The magnitude of this increase in fibrosis was greater among patients with longer durations of CF-LVAD support. CF-LVAD led to profound down-regulation in expression of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinase-19 and ADAMTS4, whereas no evidence of fibroblast activation was noted. CONCLUSIONS There is aortic remodeling and fibrosis after CF-LVAD that correlates with the duration of support. This fibrosis is due, at least in part, to suppression of extracellular matrix-degrading enzyme expression. Further research is needed to examine the contribution of nonphysiological flow patterns on vascular function and whether modulation of pulsatility may improve vascular remodeling and long-term outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrut V Ambardekar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
| | - Matthew S Stratton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kendall S Hunter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip D Tatman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Joseph C Cleveland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Karen S Moulton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tuleta I, Frangogiannis NG. Fibrosis of the diabetic heart: Clinical significance, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113904. [PMID: 34331987 PMCID: PMC8444077 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In patients with diabetes, myocardial fibrosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure and arrhythmogenesis, increasing ventricular stiffness and delaying conduction. Diabetic myocardial fibrosis involves effects of hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity and insulin resistance on cardiac fibroblasts, directly resulting in increased matrix secretion, and activation of paracrine signaling in cardiomyocytes, immune and vascular cells, that release fibroblast-activating mediators. Neurohumoral pathways, cytokines, growth factors, oxidative stress, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and matricellular proteins have been implicated in diabetic fibrosis; however, the molecular links between the metabolic perturbations and activation of a fibrogenic program remain poorly understood. Although existing therapies using glucose- and lipid-lowering agents and neurohumoral inhibition may act in part by attenuating myocardial collagen deposition, specific therapies targeting the fibrotic response are lacking. This review manuscript discusses the clinical significance, molecular mechanisms and cell biology of diabetic cardiac fibrosis and proposes therapeutic targets that may attenuate the fibrotic response, preventing heart failure progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Tuleta
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tuleta I, Frangogiannis NG. Diabetic fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166044. [PMID: 33378699 PMCID: PMC7867637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality is predominantly due to complications of the disease that may cause debilitating conditions, such as heart and renal failure, hepatic insufficiency, retinopathy or peripheral neuropathy. Fibrosis, the excessive and inappropriate deposition of extracellular matrix in various tissues, is commonly found in patients with advanced type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and may contribute to organ dysfunction. Hyperglycemia, lipotoxic injury and insulin resistance activate a fibrotic response, not only through direct stimulation of matrix synthesis by fibroblasts, but also by promoting a fibrogenic phenotype in immune and vascular cells, and possibly also by triggering epithelial and endothelial cell conversion to a fibroblast-like phenotype. High glucose stimulates several fibrogenic pathways, triggering reactive oxygen species generation, stimulating neurohumoral responses, activating growth factor cascades (such as TGF-β/Smad3 and PDGFs), inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, generating advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and stimulating the AGE-RAGE axis, and upregulating fibrogenic matricellular proteins. Although diabetes-activated fibrogenic signaling has common characteristics in various tissues, some organs, such as the heart, kidney and liver develop more pronounced and clinically significant fibrosis. This review manuscript summarizes current knowledge on the cellular and molecular pathways involved in diabetic fibrosis, discussing the fundamental links between metabolic perturbations and fibrogenic activation, the basis for organ-specific differences, and the promises and challenges of anti-fibrotic therapies for diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Tuleta
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ke X, Lin Z, Ye Z, Leng M, Chen B, Jiang C, Jiang X, Li G. Histone Deacetylases in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:679655. [PMID: 34367065 PMCID: PMC8339406 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.679655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of diabetes mellitus and its complications are currently increasing. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the main cause of diabetes mellitus associated morbidity and mortality; therefore, a comprehensive understanding of DCM development is required for more effective treatment. A disorder of epigenetic posttranscriptional modification of histones in chromatin has been reported to be associated with the pathology of DCM. Recent studies have implicated that histone deacetylases could regulate cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in cellular processes including cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore in this review, we summarized the roles of histone deacetylases in the pathogenesis of DCM, aiming to provide insights into exploring potential preventative and therapeutic strategies of DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ke
- Centre of Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhirui Lin
- Centre of Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zebing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meifang Leng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunjie Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyun Jiang, ; Guowei Li,
| | - Guowei Li
- Centre of Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyun Jiang, ; Guowei Li,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Current Therapies in Nephrotic Syndrome: HDAC inhibitors, an Emerging Therapy for Kidney Diseases. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
16
|
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis, the expansion of the cardiac interstitium through deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, is a common pathophysiologic companion of many different myocardial conditions. Fibrosis may reflect activation of reparative or maladaptive processes. Activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the central cellular effectors in cardiac fibrosis, serving as the main source of matrix proteins. Immune cells, vascular cells and cardiomyocytes may also acquire a fibrogenic phenotype under conditions of stress, activating fibroblast populations. Fibrogenic growth factors (such as transforming growth factor-β and platelet-derived growth factors), cytokines [including tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-4], and neurohumoral pathways trigger fibrogenic signalling cascades through binding to surface receptors, and activation of downstream signalling cascades. In addition, matricellular macromolecules are deposited in the remodelling myocardium and regulate matrix assembly, while modulating signal transduction cascades and protease or growth factor activity. Cardiac fibroblasts can also sense mechanical stress through mechanosensitive receptors, ion channels and integrins, activating intracellular fibrogenic cascades that contribute to fibrosis in response to pressure overload. Although subpopulations of fibroblast-like cells may exert important protective actions in both reparative and interstitial/perivascular fibrosis, ultimately fibrotic changes perturb systolic and diastolic function, and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias. This review article discusses the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis in various myocardial diseases, including myocardial infarction, heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction, genetic cardiomyopathies, and diabetic heart disease. Development of fibrosis-targeting therapies for patients with myocardial diseases will require not only understanding of the functional pluralism of cardiac fibroblasts and dissection of the molecular basis for fibrotic remodelling, but also appreciation of the pathophysiologic heterogeneity of fibrosis-associated myocardial disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Forchheimer G46B, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Palano G, Jansson M, Backmark A, Martinsson S, Sabirsh A, Hultenby K, Åkerblad P, Granberg KL, Jennbacken K, Müllers E, Hansson EM. A high-content, in vitro cardiac fibrosis assay for high-throughput, phenotypic identification of compounds with anti-fibrotic activity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 142:105-117. [PMID: 32277974 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A key feature in the pathogenesis of heart failure is cardiac fibrosis, but effective treatments that specifically target cardiac fibrosis are currently not available. A major impediment to progress has been the lack of reliable in vitro models with sufficient throughput to screen for activity against cardiac fibrosis. Here, we established cell culture conditions in micro-well format that support extracellular deposition of mature collagen from primary human cardiac fibroblasts - a hallmark of cardiac fibrosis. Based on robust biochemical characterization we developed a high-content phenotypic screening platform, that allows for high-throughput identification of compounds with activity against cardiac fibrosis. Our platform correctly identifies compounds acting on known cardiac fibrosis pathways. Moreover, it can detect anti-fibrotic activity for compounds acting on targets that have not previously been reported in in vitro cardiac fibrosis assays. Taken together, our experimental approach provides a powerful platform for high-throughput screening of anti-fibrotic compounds as well as discovery of novel targets to develop new therapeutic strategies for heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Palano
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - M Jansson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Backmark
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Martinsson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Sabirsh
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Hultenby
- Clincal Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - P Åkerblad
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K L Granberg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Jennbacken
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Müllers
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - E M Hansson
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Deng M, Yang S, Ji Y, Lu Y, Qiu M, Sheng Y, Sun W, Kong X. Overexpression of peptidase inhibitor 16 attenuates angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis via regulating HDAC1 of cardiac fibroblasts. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5249-5259. [PMID: 32227584 PMCID: PMC7205788 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis are the major causes of heart failure due to non‐ischaemia heart disease. To date, no specific therapy exists for cardiac fibrosis due to the largely unknown mechanisms of disease and lack of applicable therapeutic targets. In this study, we aimed to explore the role and associated mechanism of peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16) in cardiac fibrosis induced by angiotensin II. In cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), overexpressed PI16 significantly inhibited CF proliferation and the levels of fibrosis‐associated proteins. Further analysis of epigenetic changes in CF revealed that overexpressed PI16 decreases the nuclear level of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) after angiotensin II treatment, resulting in increased histone 3 acetylation in K18 and K27 lysine. However, overexpression of HDAC1 by an adenovirus vector in CFs reversed these changes. Echocardiography showed that PI16 transgenic (Tg) mice have smaller left ventricle mass than wild‐type mice. Histological analysis data showed that PI16 Tg mice demonstrated smaller cardiomyocyte size and less collagen deposition than wild‐type mice. The effects of PI16 on HDAC1 and histone 3 were also confirmed in PI16 Tg mice using immunostaining. Generally, PI16 is a HDAC1 regulator specifically in CFs, and PI16 overexpression prevents cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by inhibiting stress‐induced CF activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cardiovascular Device and Technique Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cardiovascular Device and Technique Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cardiovascular Device and Technique Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cardiovascular Device and Technique Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cardiovascular Device and Technique Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhui Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cardiovascular Device and Technique Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cardiovascular Device and Technique Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cardiovascular Device and Technique Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Role of HDACs in cardiac electropathology: Therapeutic implications for atrial fibrillation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
20
|
Orozco P, Montoya Y, Bustamante J. Development of endomyocardial fibrosis model using a cell patterning technique: In vitro interaction of cell coculture of 3T3 fibroblasts and RL-14 cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229158. [PMID: 32092082 PMCID: PMC7039516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac functions can be altered by changes in the microstructure of the heart, i.e., remodeling of the cardiac tissue, which may activate pathologies such as hypertrophy, dilation, or cardiac fibrosis. Cardiac fibrosis can develop due to an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, which are products of the activation of fibroblasts. In this context, the anatomical-histological change may interfere with the functioning of the cardiac tissue, which requires specialized cells for its operation. The purpose of the present study was to determine the cellular interactions and morphological changes in cocultures of 3T3 fibroblasts and RL-14 cardiomyocytes via the generation of a platform an in vitro model. For this purpose, a platform emulating the biological characteristics of endomyocardial fibrosis was generated using a cell patterning technique to study morphological cellular changes in compact and irregular patterns of fibrosis. It was found that cellular patterns emulating the geometrical distributions of endomyocardial fibrosis generated morphological changes after interaction of the RL-14 cardiomyocytes with the 3T3 fibroblasts. Through this study, it was possible to evaluate biological characteristics such as cell proliferation, adhesion, and spatial distribution, which are directly related to the type of emulated endomyocardial fibrosis. This research concluded that fibroblasts inhibited the proliferation of cardiomyocytes via their interaction with specific microarchitectures. This behavior is consistent with the histopathological distribution of cardiac fibrosis; therefore, the platform developed in this research could be useful for the in vitro assessment of cellular microdomains. This would allow for the experimental determination of interactions with drugs, substrates, or biomaterials within the engineering of cardiac tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Orozco
- Centro de Bioingeniería, Grupo de Dinámica Cardiovascular, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Yuliet Montoya
- Centro de Bioingeniería, Grupo de Dinámica Cardiovascular, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
- Comité de Trabajo de Bioingeniería Cardiovascular, Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - John Bustamante
- Centro de Bioingeniería, Grupo de Dinámica Cardiovascular, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
- Comité de Trabajo de Bioingeniería Cardiovascular, Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hu S, Liu H, Hu Z, Li L, Yang Y. Follistatin-like 1: A dual regulator that promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and fibrosis. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5893-5902. [PMID: 32017077 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is a key factor in maintaining cardiac growth and development. It can be activated by exercise training and has a dual role in promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation and fibrosis, but its underlying mechanism is not fully understood. To elucidate the dual mechanism and target of FSTL1 regulating of cardiomyocyte proliferation and myocardial fibrosis, and the mechanism by which exercise-regulated FSTL1 improves cardiovascular disease, we explored the signal transduction pathway of FSTL1 promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation and fibrosis, and compared the effects of different modes of exercise on the dual role of FSTL1. We believe that the dual role of promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation and fibrosis may be related to the ratio of cardiomyocyte and myocardial interstitial cell proliferation, different stages of the disease, different degrees of fibrosis, immune repair process, and transforming growth factor-β activation. Compared with long-term excessive endurance exercise, moderate resistance exercise can activate cardiomyocyte proliferation pathway through FSTL1, which is one of the effective ways to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Hu
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.,School of Sports Art, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Liu
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixi Hu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Diagnosis, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Diagnosis, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Stratton MS, Bagchi RA, Felisbino MB, Hirsch RA, Smith HE, Riching AS, Enyart BY, Koch KA, Cavasin MA, Alexanian M, Song K, Qi J, Lemieux ME, Srivastava D, Lam MPY, Haldar SM, Lin CY, McKinsey TA. Dynamic Chromatin Targeting of BRD4 Stimulates Cardiac Fibroblast Activation. Circ Res 2019; 125:662-677. [PMID: 31409188 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Small molecule inhibitors of the acetyl-histone binding protein BRD4 have been shown to block cardiac fibrosis in preclinical models of heart failure (HF). However, since the inhibitors target BRD4 ubiquitously, it is unclear whether this chromatin reader protein functions in cell type-specific manner to control pathological myocardial fibrosis. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms by which BRD4 stimulates the transcriptional program for cardiac fibrosis remain unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to test the hypothesis that BRD4 functions in a cell-autonomous and signal-responsive manner to control activation of cardiac fibroblasts, which are the major extracellular matrix-producing cells of the heart. METHODS AND RESULTS RNA-sequencing, mass spectrometry, and cell-based assays employing primary adult rat ventricular fibroblasts demonstrated that BRD4 functions as an effector of TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signaling to stimulate conversion of quiescent cardiac fibroblasts into Periostin (Postn)-positive cells that express high levels of extracellular matrix. These findings were confirmed in vivo through whole-transcriptome analysis of cardiac fibroblasts from mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction and treated with the small molecule BRD4 inhibitor, JQ1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing revealed that BRD4 undergoes stimulus-dependent, genome-wide redistribution in cardiac fibroblasts, becoming enriched on a subset of enhancers and super-enhancers, and leading to RNA polymerase II activation and expression of downstream target genes. Employing the Sertad4 (SERTA domain-containing protein 4) locus as a prototype, we demonstrate that dynamic chromatin targeting of BRD4 is controlled, in part, by p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and provide evidence of a critical function for Sertad4 in TGF-β-mediated cardiac fibroblast activation. CONCLUSIONS These findings define BRD4 as a central regulator of the pro-fibrotic cardiac fibroblast phenotype, establish a p38-dependent signaling circuit for epigenetic reprogramming in heart failure, and uncover a novel role for Sertad4. The work provides a mechanistic foundation for the development of BRD4 inhibitors as targeted anti-fibrotic therapies for the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Stratton
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Rushita A Bagchi
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Marina B Felisbino
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Rachel A Hirsch
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.A.H., H.E.S., C.Y.L.)
| | - Harrison E Smith
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.A.H., H.E.S., C.Y.L.)
| | - Andrew S Riching
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Blake Y Enyart
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Keith A Koch
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Maria A Cavasin
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Michael Alexanian
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA (M.A., D.S., S.M.H.)
| | - Kunhua Song
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA (J.Q.)
| | | | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA (M.A., D.S., S.M.H.)
| | - Maggie P Y Lam
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Saptarsi M Haldar
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA (M.A., D.S., S.M.H.).,Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA (S.M.H.).,Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen, San Francisco, CA (S.M.H.)
| | - Charles Y Lin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.A.H., H.E.S., C.Y.L.)
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation (M.S.S., R.A.B., M.B.F., A.S.R., B.Y.E., K.A.K., M.A.C., K.S., M.P.Y.L., T.A.M.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sun F, Zhuang Y, Zhu H, Wu H, Li D, Zhan L, Yang W, Yuan Y, Xie Y, Yang S, Luo S, Jiang W, Zhang J, Pan Z, Lu Y. LncRNA PCFL promotes cardiac fibrosis via miR-378/GRB2 pathway following myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 133:188-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
24
|
Bresciani A, Ontoria JM, Biancofiore I, Cellucci A, Ciammaichella A, Di Marco A, Ferrigno F, Francone A, Malancona S, Monteagudo E, Nizi E, Pace P, Ponzi S, Rossetti I, Veneziano M, Summa V, Harper S. Improved Selective Class I HDAC and Novel Selective HDAC3 Inhibitors: Beyond Hydroxamic Acids and Benzamides. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:481-486. [PMID: 30996783 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of class I HDAC inhibitors as cancer therapies is well established, but more recently their development for nononcological indications has increased. We report here on the generation of improved class I selective human HDAC inhibitors based on an ethylketone zinc binding group (ZBG) in place of the hydroxamic acid that features the majority of HDAC inhibitors. We also describe a novel set of HDAC3 isoform selective inhibitors that show stronger potency and selectivity than the most commonly used HDAC3 selective tool compound RGFP966. These compounds are again based on an alternative ZBG with respect to the ortho-anilide that is featured in HDAC3 selective compounds reported to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bresciani
- IRBM Science Park, Via Pontina km 30,600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Jesus M. Ontoria
- IRBM Science Park, Via Pontina km 30,600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Annalise Di Marco
- IRBM Science Park, Via Pontina km 30,600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrigno
- IRBM Science Park, Via Pontina km 30,600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Savina Malancona
- IRBM Science Park, Via Pontina km 30,600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Edith Monteagudo
- IRBM Science Park, Via Pontina km 30,600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Nizi
- IRBM Science Park, Via Pontina km 30,600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Pace
- IRBM Science Park, Via Pontina km 30,600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Ponzi
- IRBM Science Park, Via Pontina km 30,600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rossetti
- IRBM Science Park, Via Pontina km 30,600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Veneziano
- IRBM Science Park, Via Pontina km 30,600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Summa
- IRBM Science Park, Via Pontina km 30,600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Steven Harper
- IRBM Science Park, Via Pontina km 30,600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bagchi RA, Weeks KL. Histone deacetylases in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 130:151-159. [PMID: 30978343 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate gene transcription by catalyzing the removal of acetyl groups from key lysine residues in nucleosomal histones and via the recruitment of other epigenetic regulators to DNA promoter/enhancer regions. Over the past two decades, HDACs have been implicated in multiple processes pertinent to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, fibrosis, calcium handling, inflammation and energy metabolism. The development of small molecule HDAC inhibitors and genetically modified loss- and gain-of-function mouse models has allowed interrogation of the roles of specific HDAC isoforms in these processes. Isoform-selective HDAC inhibitors may prove to be powerful therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rushita A Bagchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy A. McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Freundt JK, Frommeyer G, Spieker T, Wötzel F, Grotthoff JS, Stypmann J, Hempel G, Schäfers M, Jacobs AH, Eckardt L, Lange PS. Histone deacetylase inhibition by Entinostat for the prevention of electrical and structural remodeling in heart failure. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:16. [PMID: 30841920 PMCID: PMC6404297 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of heart failure is accompanied by complex changes in cardiac electrophysiology and functional properties of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors hold great promise for the pharmaceutical therapy of several malignant diseases. Here, we describe novel effects of the class I HDAC inhibitor Entinostat on electrical and structural remodeling in an in vivo model of pacing induced heart failure. Methods Rabbits were implanted a pacemaker system, subjected to rapid ventricular pacing and treated with Entinostat or placebo, respectively. Following stimulation, rabbit hearts were explanted and subsequently subjected to electrophysiological studies and further immunohistological analyses of left ventricles. Results In vivo, rapid ventricular stimulation caused a significant prolongation of monophasic action potential duration compared to sham hearts (from 173 ± 26 ms to 250 ± 41 ms; cycle length 900 ms; p < 0.05) and an increased incidence of Early afterdepolarisations (+ 150%), while treatment with Entinostat in failing hearts could partially prevent this effect (from 250 ± 41 ms to 170 ± 53 ms, p < 0.05; reduction in EAD by 50%). Entinostat treatment partially restored KCNH2 and Cav1.3 gene expressions in failing hearts, and inhibited the development of cardiac fibrosis in vivo. Conclusion In a rabbit model of heart failure, Entinostat diminishes heart failure related prolongation of repolarization and partially restores KCNH2 and Cav1.3 expression. In addition, Entinostat exerts antifibrotic properties both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, Entinostat might be an interesting candidate for the pharmaceutical therapy of heart failure directed against structural and electrical remodeling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40360-019-0294-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K Freundt
- Department of Cardiology II: Electrophysiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerrit Frommeyer
- Department of Cardiology II: Electrophysiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tilmann Spieker
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian Wötzel
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Stypmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Hempel
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas H Jacobs
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lars Eckardt
- Department of Cardiology II: Electrophysiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp S Lange
- Department of Cardiology II: Electrophysiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pardo-Jiménez V, Navarrete-Encina P, Díaz-Araya G. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Thiazolyl-Coumarin Derivatives as Potent Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors with Antifibrotic Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040739. [PMID: 30791388 PMCID: PMC6412891 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
New histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors with low toxicity to non-cancerous cells, are a prevalent issue at present because these enzymes are actively involved in fibrotic diseases. We designed and synthesized a novel series of thiazolyl-coumarins, substituted at position 6 (R = H, Br, OCH3), linked to classic zinc binding groups, such as hydroxamic and carboxylic acid moieties and alternative zinc binding groups such as disulfide and catechol. Their in vitro inhibitory activities against HDACs were evaluated. Disulfide and hydroxamic acid derivatives were the most potent ones. Assays with neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts demonstrated low cytotoxic effects for all compounds. Regarding the parameters associated to cardiac fibrosis development, the compounds showed antiproliferative effects, and triggered a strong decrease on the expression levels of both α-SMA and procollagen I. In conclusion, the new thiazolyl-coumarin derivatives inhibit HDAC activity and decrease profibrotic effects on cardiac fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Pardo-Jiménez
- Laboratory of Advanced Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile.
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacological & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile.
| | - Patricio Navarrete-Encina
- Laboratory of Advanced Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile.
| | - Guillermo Díaz-Araya
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacological & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile.
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
HDAC2-mediated upregulation of IL-6 triggers the migration of osteosarcoma cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 35:423-433. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
30
|
Habibian J, Ferguson BS. The Crosstalk between Acetylation and Phosphorylation: Emerging New Roles for HDAC Inhibitors in the Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E102. [PMID: 30597863 PMCID: PMC6337125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately five million United States (U.S.) adults are diagnosed with heart failure (HF), with eight million U.S. adults projected to suffer from HF by 2030. With five-year mortality rates following HF diagnosis approximating 50%, novel therapeutic treatments are needed for HF patients. Pre-clinical animal models of HF have highlighted histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as efficacious therapeutics that can stop and potentially reverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction linked with HF development. HDACs remove acetyl groups from nucleosomal histones, altering DNA-histone protein electrostatic interactions in the regulation of gene expression. However, HDACs also remove acetyl groups from non-histone proteins in various tissues. Changes in histone and non-histone protein acetylation plays a key role in protein structure and function that can alter other post translational modifications (PTMs), including protein phosphorylation. Protein phosphorylation is a well described PTM that is important for cardiac signal transduction, protein activity and gene expression, yet the functional role for acetylation-phosphorylation cross-talk in the myocardium remains less clear. This review will focus on the regulation and function for acetylation-phosphorylation cross-talk in the heart, with a focus on the role for HDACs and HDAC inhibitors as regulators of acetyl-phosphorylation cross-talk in the control of cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Habibian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Bradley S Ferguson
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang R, Lin J, Bagchi RA. Novel molecular therapeutic targets in cardiac fibrosis: a brief overview 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 97:246-256. [PMID: 30388374 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, abolishes cardiac contractility, impairs cardiac function, and ultimately leads to heart failure. In recent years, significant evidence has emerged that supports the highly dynamic and responsive nature of the cardiac extracellular matrix. Although our knowledge of cardiac fibrosis has advanced tremendously over the past decade, there is still a lack of specific therapies owing to an incomplete understanding of the disease etiology and process. In this review, we attempt to highlight some of the recently investigated molecular determinants of ischemic and non-ischemic fibrotic remodeling of the myocardium that present as promising avenues for development of anti-fibrotic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Wang
- a Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Justin Lin
- b Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Rushita A Bagchi
- c Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu Y, Si F, Luo L, Jing F, Jiang K, Zhou J, Yi Q. The effect of melatonin on cardio fibrosis in juvenile rats with pressure overload and deregulation of HDACs. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:607-616. [PMID: 30402021 PMCID: PMC6205940 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.6.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of melatonin on juveniles with cardio fibrosis is poorly understood. We investigated whether HDACs participate in the anti-fibrotic processes regulated by melatonin during hypertrophic remodeling. Abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) was employed in juvenile rats resulting in pressure overload-induced ventricular hypertrophy and melatonin was subsequently decreased via continuous light exposure for 5 weeks after surgery. AAC rats displayed an increased cross-sectional area of myocardial fibers and significantly elevated collagen deposition compared to sham-operated rats, as measured by HE and Masson Trichrome staining. Continuous light exposure following surgery exacerbated the increase in the cross-sectional area of myocardial fibers. The expression of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC4 and HDAC6 genes were all significantly enhanced in AAC rats with light exposure relative to the other rats. Moreover, the protein level of TNF-α was also upregulated in the AAC light exposure groups when compared with the sham. However, Smad4 protein expression was unchanged in the juveniles' hearts. In contrast, beginning 5 weeks after the operation, the AAC rats were treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection every evening) or vehicle 4 weeks, and sham rats were given vehicle. The changes in the histological measures of cardio fibrosis and the gene expressions of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC4 and HDAC6 were attenuated by melatonin administration. The results reveal that melatonin plays a role in the development of cardio fibrosis and the expression of HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC4 and HDAC6 in cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China; Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Si
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China; Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Li Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China; Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Fengchuan Jing
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China; Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Kunfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China; Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Jiwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China; Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Qijian Yi
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China; Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Frangogiannis NG. Cardiac fibrosis: Cell biological mechanisms, molecular pathways and therapeutic opportunities. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:70-99. [PMID: 30056242 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiologic companion of most myocardial diseases, and is associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmogenesis, and adverse outcome. Because the adult mammalian heart has negligible regenerative capacity, death of a large number of cardiomyocytes results in reparative fibrosis, a process that is critical for preservation of the structural integrity of the infarcted ventricle. On the other hand, pathophysiologic stimuli, such as pressure overload, volume overload, metabolic dysfunction, and aging may cause interstitial and perivascular fibrosis in the absence of infarction. Activated myofibroblasts are the main effector cells in cardiac fibrosis; their expansion following myocardial injury is primarily driven through activation of resident interstitial cell populations. Several other cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells may contribute to the fibrotic process, by producing proteases that participate in matrix metabolism, by secreting fibrogenic mediators and matricellular proteins, or by exerting contact-dependent actions on fibroblast phenotype. The mechanisms of induction of fibrogenic signals are dependent on the type of primary myocardial injury. Activation of neurohumoral pathways stimulates fibroblasts both directly, and through effects on immune cell populations. Cytokines and growth factors, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-10, chemokines, members of the Transforming Growth Factor-β family, IL-11, and Platelet-Derived Growth Factors are secreted in the cardiac interstitium and play distinct roles in activating specific aspects of the fibrotic response. Secreted fibrogenic mediators and matricellular proteins bind to cell surface receptors in fibroblasts, such as cytokine receptors, integrins, syndecans and CD44, and transduce intracellular signaling cascades that regulate genes involved in synthesis, processing and metabolism of the extracellular matrix. Endogenous pathways involved in negative regulation of fibrosis are critical for cardiac repair and may protect the myocardium from excessive fibrogenic responses. Due to the reparative nature of many forms of cardiac fibrosis, targeting fibrotic remodeling following myocardial injury poses major challenges. Development of effective therapies will require careful dissection of the cell biological mechanisms, study of the functional consequences of fibrotic changes on the myocardium, and identification of heart failure patient subsets with overactive fibrotic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer G46B, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yuan L, Chen X, Cheng L, Rao M, Chen K, Zhang N, Meng J, Li M, Yang LT, Yang PC, Wang X, Song J. HDAC11 regulates interleukin-13 expression in CD4+ T cells in the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 122:1-10. [PMID: 30063898 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.07.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Immune deregulation is a causative factor in pathogenesis of myocarditis. Histone deacetylases (HDAC) involve multiple biochemical activities in the cell. This study aims to elucidate the role of HDAC11 in the regulation of interleukin (IL)-13-expression in CD4+ T cells of heart tissue in patients with myocarditis (MCD). METHODS After heart transplantation, surgically removed hearts were collected from patients with advanced heart failure and MCD or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). CD4+ T cells were isolated from the heart samples and analyzed by immune assay. The association between IL-13 over production by CD4+ T cells in heart tissue and the pathogenesis of MCD was analyzed. RESULTS T helper (Th) 2-biased inflammation was observed in hearts tissue of MCD patients with advanced heart failure. CD4+ T cells isolated from MCD heart tissue showed lower levels of HDAC11 expression than that isolated from DCM heart tissue. HDAC11 was negatively correlated with IL-13 expression in the CD4+ T cells. A complex of HDAC11 and E4 binding protein-4 (E4BP4; the transcription factor of IL13) was detected in the CD4+ T cells, which restricted the binding between E4BP4 and the Il13 promoter to repress the Il13 gene transcription. Reconstitution of HDAC11 in MCD CD4+ T cells reduced the expression of IL-13, while inhibition of HDAC11 in DCM CD4+ T cells increased the IL-13 expression. CONCLUSIONS HDAC11 is a regulatory molecule in Th2 response and plays a critical role in the restriction of the biased IL-13 expression in CD4+ T cells of the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Man Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Ningning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Li-Tao Yang
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518055, China; Brain Body Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Histone deacetylase 6 regulates the immunosuppressive properties of cancer-associated fibroblasts in breast cancer through the STAT3–COX2-dependent pathway. Oncogene 2018; 37:5952-5966. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
36
|
Micheletti R, Plaisance I, Abraham BJ, Sarre A, Ting CC, Alexanian M, Maric D, Maison D, Nemir M, Young RA, Schroen B, González A, Ounzain S, Pedrazzini T. The long noncoding RNA Wisper controls cardiac fibrosis and remodeling. Sci Transl Med 2018. [PMID: 28637928 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aai9118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as powerful regulators of cardiac development and disease. However, our understanding of the importance of these molecules in cardiac fibrosis is limited. Using an integrated genomic screen, we identified Wisper (Wisp2 super-enhancer-associated RNA) as a cardiac fibroblast-enriched lncRNA that regulates cardiac fibrosis after injury. Wisper expression was correlated with cardiac fibrosis both in a murine model of myocardial infarction (MI) and in heart tissue from human patients suffering from aortic stenosis. Loss-of-function approaches in vitro using modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) demonstrated that Wisper is a specific regulator of cardiac fibroblast proliferation, migration, and survival. Accordingly, ASO-mediated silencing of Wisper in vivo attenuated MI-induced fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction. Functionally, Wisper regulates cardiac fibroblast gene expression programs critical for cell identity, extracellular matrix deposition, proliferation, and survival. In addition, its association with TIA1-related protein allows it to control the expression of a profibrotic form of lysyl hydroxylase 2, implicated in collagen cross-linking and stabilization of the matrix. Together, our findings identify Wisper as a cardiac fibroblast-enriched super-enhancer-associated lncRNA that represents an attractive therapeutic target to reduce the pathological development of cardiac fibrosis in response to MI and prevent adverse remodeling in the damaged heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Micheletti
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Plaisance
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brian J Abraham
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alexandre Sarre
- Cardiovascular Assessment Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ching-Chia Ting
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Alexanian
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Maric
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Damien Maison
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Nemir
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard A Young
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Blanche Schroen
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Arantxa González
- Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samir Ounzain
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Thierry Pedrazzini
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lai Q, Du W, Wu J, Wang X, Li X, Qu X, Wu X, Dong F, Yao R, Fan H. H3K9ac and HDAC2 Activity Are Involved in the Expression of Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 in Oligodendrocyte. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:376. [PMID: 29184483 PMCID: PMC5694447 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, it is reported that monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) plays crucial role in oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. We found that MCT1 is strongly expressed in oligodendrocyte but weakly expressed in oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs), and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) activity is required for induction of oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation. We asked whether HDACs are involved in the regulation of MCT1 expression. This work revealed that the acetylation level of histone H3K9 (H3K9ac) was much higher in mct1 gene (Slc16a1) promoter in OPCs than that in oligodendrocyte. H3K9ac regulates MCT1 expression was confirmed by HDAC acetyltransferase inhibitors trichostatin A and curcumin. Of note, there was a negative correlation between H3K9ac and MCT1 expression in oligodendrocyte. Further, we found that the levels of HDAC1, 2, and 3 protein in oligodendrocyte were obviously higher than those in OPCs. However, specific knockdown of HDAC2 but not HDAC1 and HDAC3 significantly decreased the expression of MCT1 in oligodendrocyte. Conversely, overexpression of HDAC2 remarkably enhanced the expression of MCT1. The results imply that HDAC2 is involved in H3K9ac modification which regulates the expression of MCT1 during the development of oligodendrocyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Lai
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wantong Du
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xuebin Qu
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiuxiang Wu
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fuxing Dong
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ruiqin Yao
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Fan
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Histone deacetylase adaptation in single ventricle heart disease and a young animal model of right ventricular hypertrophy. Pediatr Res 2017; 82:642-649. [PMID: 28549058 PMCID: PMC5599335 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundHistone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are promising therapeutics for various forms of cardiac diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess cardiac HDAC catalytic activity and expression in children with single ventricle (SV) heart disease of right ventricular morphology, as well as in a rodent model of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH).MethodsHomogenates of right ventricle (RV) explants from non-failing controls and children born with a SV were assayed for HDAC catalytic activity and HDAC isoform expression. Postnatal 1-day-old rat pups were placed in hypoxic conditions, and echocardiographic analysis, gene expression, HDAC catalytic activity, and isoform expression studies of the RV were performed.ResultsClass I, IIa, and IIb HDAC catalytic activity and protein expression were elevated in the hearts of children born with a SV. Hypoxic neonatal rats demonstrated RVH, abnormal gene expression, elevated class I and class IIb HDAC catalytic activity, and protein expression in the RV compared with those in the control.ConclusionsThese data suggest that myocardial HDAC adaptations occur in the SV heart and could represent a novel therapeutic target. Although further characterization of the hypoxic neonatal rat is needed, this animal model may be suitable for preclinical investigations of pediatric RV disease and could serve as a useful model for future mechanistic studies.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Myocardial injury, mechanical stress, neurohormonal activation, inflammation, and/or aging all lead to cardiac remodeling, which is responsible for cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmogenesis. Of the key histological components of cardiac remodeling, fibrosis either in the form of interstitial, patchy, or dense scars, constitutes a key histological substrate of arrhythmias. Here we discuss current research findings focusing on the role of fibrosis, in arrhythmogenesis. Numerous studies have convincingly shown that patchy or interstitial fibrosis interferes with myocardial electrophysiology by slowing down action potential propagation, initiating reentry, promoting after-depolarizations, and increasing ectopic automaticity. Meanwhile, there has been increasing appreciation of direct involvement of myofibroblasts, the activated form of fibroblasts, in arrhythmogenesis. Myofibroblasts undergo phenotypic changes with expression of gap-junctions and ion channels thereby forming direct electrical coupling with cardiomyocytes, which potentially results in profound disturbances of electrophysiology. There is strong evidence that systemic and regional inflammatory processes contribute to fibrogenesis (i.e., structural remodeling) and dysfunction of ion channels and Ca2+ homeostasis (i.e., electrical remodeling). Recognizing the pivotal role of fibrosis in the arrhythmogenesis has promoted clinical research on characterizing fibrosis by means of cardiac imaging or fibrosis biomarkers for clinical stratification of patients at higher risk of lethal arrhythmia, as well as preclinical research on the development of antifibrotic therapies. At the end of this review, we discuss remaining key questions in this area and propose new research approaches. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1009-1049, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- My-Nhan Nguyen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
ANO1 inhibits cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infraction via TGF-β/smad3 pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2355. [PMID: 28539652 PMCID: PMC5443797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a newly identified factor in calcium-activated chloride channel, ANO1 participates in various physiological processes like proliferation and differentiation, and expresses in human cardiac fibroblasts. In this experiment, we investigated the function of ANO1 in cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infraction (MI) with methods of Western blotting, Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), metabolic reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiozol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazo-lium bromide (MTT), immunofluorescence and confocal imaging, and Masson’s trichrome staining. The results showed that the expression of ANO1 significantly increased in neonatal rats’ cardiac fibroblasts after hypoxia and in cardiac tissues after MI. After ANO1 over-expression, cardiac fibrosis was reduced in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the expression of TGF-β and p-smad3 declined after ANO1over-expression in cardiac fiborblasts. In conclusion, ANO1 inhibits cardiac fibrosis after MI via TGF-β/smad3 pathway in rats.
Collapse
|
41
|
Autophagy regulates Endothelial-Mesenchymal transition by decreasing the phosphorylation level of Smad3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:740-747. [PMID: 28450107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-β2) induces Endothelial-Mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and autophagy in a variety of cells. Previous studies have indicated that activation of autophagy might decrease TGF-β2 induced EndoMT. However, the precise role remains unclear. In the present study, we found that TGF-β2 could induce EndoMT and autophagy in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs). Activation of autophagy by Rapamycin or Trehalose could reduce the expression of Snail, demonstrating a role of autophagy in regulating Snail production both by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanism. Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) demonstrated that LC3 co-immunoprecipitated with Smad3 and western blot showed that autophagy inducers, Rapamycin and Trehalose, could decrease the phosphorylation level of Smad3. Therefore, our results demonstrate that autophagy counteracts the EndoMT process triggered by TGF-β2 by decreasing the phosphorylation level of Smad3.
Collapse
|
42
|
Molkentin JD, Bugg D, Ghearing N, Dorn LE, Kim P, Sargent MA, Gunaje J, Otsu K, Davis J. Fibroblast-Specific Genetic Manipulation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase In Vivo Reveals Its Central Regulatory Role in Fibrosis. Circulation 2017; 136:549-561. [PMID: 28356446 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.026238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the heart, acute injury induces a fibrotic healing response that generates collagen-rich scarring that is at first protective but if inappropriately sustained can worsen heart disease. The fibrotic process is initiated by cytokines, neuroendocrine effectors, and mechanical strain that promote resident fibroblast differentiation into contractile and extracellular matrix-producing myofibroblasts. The mitogen-activated protein kinase p38α (Mapk14 gene) is known to influence the cardiac injury response, but its direct role in orchestrating programmed fibroblast differentiation and fibrosis in vivo is unknown. METHODS A conditional Mapk14 allele was used to delete the p38α encoding gene specifically in cardiac fibroblasts or myofibroblasts with 2 different tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase-expressing gene-targeted mouse lines. Mice were subjected to ischemic injury or chronic neurohumoral stimulation and monitored for survival, cardiac function, and fibrotic remodeling. Antithetically, mice with fibroblast-specific transgenic overexpression of activated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6, a direct inducer of p38, were generated to investigate whether this pathway can directly drive myofibroblast formation and the cardiac fibrotic response. RESULTS In mice, loss of Mapk14 blocked cardiac fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts and ensuing fibrosis in response to ischemic injury or chronic neurohumoral stimulation. A similar inhibition of myofibroblast formation and healing was also observed in a dermal wounding model with deletion of Mapk14. Transgenic mice with fibroblast-specific activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6-p38 developed interstitial and perivascular fibrosis in the heart, lung, and kidney as a result of enhanced myofibroblast numbers. Mechanistic experiments show that p38 transduces cytokine and mechanical signals into myofibroblast differentiation through the transcription factor serum response factor and the signaling effector calcineurin. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that signals from diverse modes of injury converge on p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase within the fibroblast to program the fibrotic response and myofibroblast formation in vivo, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach with p38 inhibitors for future clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery D Molkentin
- From Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M., N.G., L.E.D., M.A.S.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle (D.B., P.K., J.G. J.D.); and Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom (K.O.).
| | - Darrian Bugg
- From Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M., N.G., L.E.D., M.A.S.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle (D.B., P.K., J.G. J.D.); and Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom (K.O.)
| | - Natasha Ghearing
- From Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M., N.G., L.E.D., M.A.S.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle (D.B., P.K., J.G. J.D.); and Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom (K.O.)
| | - Lisa E Dorn
- From Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M., N.G., L.E.D., M.A.S.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle (D.B., P.K., J.G. J.D.); and Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom (K.O.)
| | - Peter Kim
- From Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M., N.G., L.E.D., M.A.S.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle (D.B., P.K., J.G. J.D.); and Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom (K.O.)
| | - Michelle A Sargent
- From Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M., N.G., L.E.D., M.A.S.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle (D.B., P.K., J.G. J.D.); and Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom (K.O.)
| | - Jagadambika Gunaje
- From Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M., N.G., L.E.D., M.A.S.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle (D.B., P.K., J.G. J.D.); and Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom (K.O.)
| | - Kinya Otsu
- From Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M., N.G., L.E.D., M.A.S.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle (D.B., P.K., J.G. J.D.); and Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom (K.O.)
| | - Jennifer Davis
- From Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M., N.G., L.E.D., M.A.S.); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.D.M); Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle (D.B., P.K., J.G. J.D.); and Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom (K.O.).
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Schuetze KB, Stratton MS, Blakeslee WW, Wempe MF, Wagner FF, Holson EB, Kuo YM, Andrews AJ, Gilbert TM, Hooker JM, McKinsey TA. Overlapping and Divergent Actions of Structurally Distinct Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Cardiac Fibroblasts. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 361:140-150. [PMID: 28174211 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.237701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) profoundly affect cellular function by altering gene expression via changes in nucleosomal histone tail acetylation. Historically, investigators have employed pan-HDAC inhibitors, such as the hydroxamate trichostatin A (TSA), which simultaneously targets members of each of the three zinc-dependent HDAC classes (classes I, II, and IV). More recently, class- and isoform-selective HDAC inhibitors have been developed, providing invaluable chemical biology probes for dissecting the roles of distinct HDACs in the control of various physiologic and pathophysiological processes. For example, the benzamide class I HDAC-selective inhibitor, MGCD0103 [N-(2-aminophenyl)-4-[[(4-pyridin-3-ylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino]methyl] benzamide], was shown to block cardiac fibrosis, a process involving excess extracellular matrix deposition, which often results in heart dysfunction. Here, we compare the mechanisms of action of structurally distinct HDAC inhibitors in isolated primary cardiac fibroblasts, which are the major extracellular matrix-producing cells of the heart. TSA, MGCD0103, and the cyclic peptide class I HDAC inhibitor, apicidin, exhibited a common ability to enhance histone acetylation, and all potently blocked cardiac fibroblast cell cycle progression. In contrast, MGCD0103, but not TSA or apicidin, paradoxically increased expression of a subset of fibrosis-associated genes. Using the cellular thermal shift assay, we provide evidence that the divergent effects of HDAC inhibitors on cardiac fibroblast gene expression relate to differential engagement of HDAC1- and HDAC2-containing complexes. These findings illustrate the importance of employing multiple compounds when pharmacologically assessing HDAC function in a cellular context and during HDAC inhibitor drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Schuetze
- Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (K.B.S., M.S.S., W.W.B., T.A.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical, Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.F.W.); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts (F.F.W., E.B.H.); Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts (T.M.G., J.M.H.)
| | - Matthew S Stratton
- Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (K.B.S., M.S.S., W.W.B., T.A.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical, Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.F.W.); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts (F.F.W., E.B.H.); Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts (T.M.G., J.M.H.)
| | - Weston W Blakeslee
- Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (K.B.S., M.S.S., W.W.B., T.A.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical, Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.F.W.); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts (F.F.W., E.B.H.); Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts (T.M.G., J.M.H.)
| | - Michael F Wempe
- Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (K.B.S., M.S.S., W.W.B., T.A.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical, Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.F.W.); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts (F.F.W., E.B.H.); Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts (T.M.G., J.M.H.)
| | - Florence F Wagner
- Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (K.B.S., M.S.S., W.W.B., T.A.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical, Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.F.W.); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts (F.F.W., E.B.H.); Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts (T.M.G., J.M.H.)
| | - Edward B Holson
- Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (K.B.S., M.S.S., W.W.B., T.A.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical, Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.F.W.); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts (F.F.W., E.B.H.); Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts (T.M.G., J.M.H.)
| | - Yin-Ming Kuo
- Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (K.B.S., M.S.S., W.W.B., T.A.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical, Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.F.W.); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts (F.F.W., E.B.H.); Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts (T.M.G., J.M.H.)
| | - Andrew J Andrews
- Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (K.B.S., M.S.S., W.W.B., T.A.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical, Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.F.W.); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts (F.F.W., E.B.H.); Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts (T.M.G., J.M.H.)
| | - Tonya M Gilbert
- Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (K.B.S., M.S.S., W.W.B., T.A.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical, Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.F.W.); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts (F.F.W., E.B.H.); Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts (T.M.G., J.M.H.)
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (K.B.S., M.S.S., W.W.B., T.A.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical, Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.F.W.); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts (F.F.W., E.B.H.); Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts (T.M.G., J.M.H.)
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Division of Cardiology and Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (K.B.S., M.S.S., W.W.B., T.A.M.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical, Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (M.F.W.); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts (F.F.W., E.B.H.); Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts (T.M.G., J.M.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hu L, Yu Y, Huang H, Fan H, Hu L, Yin C, Li K, Fulton DJR, Chen F. Epigenetic Regulation of Interleukin 6 by Histone Acetylation in Macrophages and Its Role in Paraquat-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2017; 7:696. [PMID: 28194150 PMCID: PMC5276821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) has been proposed to contribute to pulmonary fibrosis and other fibrotic diseases. However, the regulatory mechanisms and the role of IL-6 in fibrosis remain poorly understood. Epigenetics refers to alterations of gene expression without changes in the DNA sequence. Alternation of chromatin accessibility by histone acetylation acts as a critical epigenetic mechanism to regulate various gene transcriptions. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of IL-6 in paraquat (PQ)-induced pulmonary fibrosis and to explore whether the epigenetic regulations may play a role in transcriptional regulation of IL-6. In PQ-treated lungs and macrophages, we found that the mRNA and protein expression of IL-6 was robustly increased in a time-dependent and a dose-dependent manner. Our data demonstrated that PQ-induced IL-6 expression in macrophages plays a central role in pulmonary fibrosis through enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). IL-6 expression and its role to enhance PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis were increased by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition and prevented by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibition. In addition, the ability of CRISPR-ON transcription activation system (CRISPR-ON) to promote transcription of IL-6 was enhanced by HDAC inhibitor and blocked by HAT inhibitor. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that HDAC inhibitor increased histones activation marks H3K4me3 and H3K9ac at IL-6 promoter regions. In conclusion, IL-6 functioning through EMT in PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis was regulated dynamically by HDAC and HAT both in vitro and in vivo via epigenetically regulating chromatin accessibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yanfang Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Huijie Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Hanting Fan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Caiyong Yin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - David J R Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ribeiro JDP, Kalb AC, Campos PP, Cruz ARHDL, Martinez PE, Gioda A, Souza MMD, Gioda CR. Toxicological effects of particulate matter (PM2.5) on rats: Bioaccumulation, antioxidant alterations, lipid damage, and ABC transporter activity. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 163:569-577. [PMID: 27567156 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the harmful effects of atmospheric pollutants on cardiac systems because of the presence of particulate matter (PM), a complex mixture of numerous substances including trace metals. In this study, the toxicity of PM2.5 from two regions, rural (PM2.5 level of 8.5 ± 4.0 μg m(-3)) and industrial (PM2.5 level of 14.4 ± 4.1 μg m(-3)) in Brazil, was investigated through in vivo experiments in rats. Metal accumulation and biochemical responses were evaluated after rats were exposed to three different concentrations of PM2.5 in saline extract (10× dilution, 5× dilution, and concentrated). The experimental data showed the bioaccumulation of diverse trace metals in the hearts of groups exposed to PM2.5 from both regions. Furthermore, mobilization of the antioxidant defenses and an increase in lipid peroxidation of the cardiac tissue was observed in response to the industrial and rural area PM2.5. Glutathione-S-transferase activity was increased in groups exposed to the 5× and concentrated rural PM2.5. Additionally, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter activity in the cardiac tissue exposed to PM2.5 was reduced in response to the 5× dilution of the rural and industrial region PM2.5. Histological analysis showed a decrease in the percentage of cardiac cells in the heart at all tested concentrations. The results indicate that exposure to different concentrations of PM2.5 from both sources causes biochemical and histological changes in the heart with consequent damage to biological structures; these factors can favor the development of cardiac diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim de Paula Ribeiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Kalb
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Peixoto Campos
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alex Rubén Huaman De La Cruz
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Departamento de Química, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pablo Elias Martinez
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gioda
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Departamento de Química, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marta Marques de Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Rosa Gioda
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Khan S, Ahirwar K, Jena G. Anti-fibrotic effects of valproic acid: role of HDAC inhibition and associated mechanisms. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1087-101. [PMID: 27411759 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue injuries and pathological insults produce oxidative stress, genetic and epigenetic alterations, which lead to an imbalance between pro- and anti-fibrotic molecules, and subsequent accumulation of extracellular matrix, thereby fibrosis. Various molecular pathways play a critical role in fibroblasts activation, which promotes the extracellular matrix production and accumulation. Recent reports highlighted that histone deacetylases (HDACs) are upregulated in various fibrotic disorders and play a central role in fibrosis, while HDAC inhibitors exert antifibrotic effects. Valproic acid is a first-line anti-epileptic drug and a proven HDAC inhibitor. This review provides the current research and novel insights on antifibrotic effects of valproic acid in various fibrotic conditions with an emphasis on the possible strategies for treatment of fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Khan
- Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Kailash Ahirwar
- Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Talman V, Ruskoaho H. Cardiac fibrosis in myocardial infarction-from repair and remodeling to regeneration. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:563-81. [PMID: 27324127 PMCID: PMC5010608 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic cell death during a myocardial infarction leads to a multiphase reparative response in which the damaged tissue is replaced with a fibrotic scar produced by fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. This also induces geometrical, biomechanical, and biochemical changes in the uninjured ventricular wall eliciting a reactive remodeling process that includes interstitial and perivascular fibrosis. Although the initial reparative fibrosis is crucial for preventing rupture of the ventricular wall, an exaggerated fibrotic response and reactive fibrosis outside the injured area are detrimental as they lead to progressive impairment of cardiac function and eventually to heart failure. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the mechanisms of both reparative and reactive cardiac fibrosis in response to myocardial infarction, discuss the potential of inducing cardiac regeneration through direct reprogramming of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts into cardiomyocytes, and review the currently available and potential future therapeutic strategies to inhibit cardiac fibrosis. Graphical abstract Reparative response following a myocardial infarction. Hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte death leads to the activation of myofibroblasts and a reparative fibrotic response in the injured area. Right top In adult mammals, the fibrotic scar formed at the infarcted area is permanent and promotes reactive fibrosis in the uninjured myocardium. Right bottom In teleost fish and newts and in embryonic and neonatal mammals, the initial formation of a fibrotic scar is followed by regeneration of the cardiac muscle tissue. Induction of post-infarction cardiac regeneration in adult mammals is currently the target of intensive research and drug discovery attempts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Talman
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Heikki Ruskoaho
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Histone deacetyltransferase inhibitors Trichostatin A and Mocetinostat differentially regulate MMP9, IL-18 and RECK expression, and attenuate Angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibroblast migration and proliferation. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:709-716. [PMID: 27278287 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation/deacetylation plays a key role in the epigenetic regulation of multiple pro-fibrotic genes. Here we investigated the effects of histone deacetyltransferase (HDAC) inhibition on angiotensin (Ang)-II-induced pro-fibrotic changes in adult mouse cardiac fibroblasts (CF). CF express class I HDACs 1 and 2, and Ang-II induces their activation. Notably, silencing HDAC1 or HDAC2 attenuated Ang-II induced CF proliferation and migration. Under basal conditions, HDAC1 dimerizes with HDAC2 in CF and Ang-II reversed this interaction. Treatment with Trichostatin A (TSA), a broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitor, restored their physical association, and attenuated Ang-II-induced MMP9 expression, IL-18 induction, and extracellular matrix (collagen I, collagen III and fibronectin) production. Further, TSA inhibited Ang-II-induced MMP9 and Il18 transcription by blocking NF-κB and AP-1 binding to their respective promoter regions. By inhibiting Sp1 binding to RECK promoter, TSA reversed Ang-II-induced RECK suppression, collagen and fibronectin expression, and CF migration and proliferation. The class I-specific HDAC inhibitor Mocetinostat (MGCD) recapitulated TSA effects on Ang-II-treated CF. Together, these results demonstrate that targeting HDACs attenuates the pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects of Ang-II on CF.
Collapse
|
49
|
Nwosu ZC, Alborzinia H, Wölfl S, Dooley S, Liu Y. Evolving Insights on Metabolism, Autophagy, and Epigenetics in Liver Myofibroblasts. Front Physiol 2016; 7:191. [PMID: 27313533 PMCID: PMC4887492 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver myofibroblasts (MFB) are crucial mediators of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in liver fibrosis. They arise mainly from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) upon a process termed “activation.” To a lesser extent, and depending on the cause of liver damage, portal fibroblasts, mesothelial cells, and fibrocytes may also contribute to the MFB population. Targeting MFB to reduce liver fibrosis is currently an area of intense research. Unfortunately, a clog in the wheel of antifibrotic therapies is the fact that although MFB are known to mediate scar formation, and participate in liver inflammatory response, many of their molecular portraits are currently unknown. In this review, we discuss recent understanding of MFB in health and diseases, focusing specifically on three evolving research fields: metabolism, autophagy, and epigenetics. We have emphasized on therapeutic prospects where applicable and mentioned techniques for use in MFB studies. Subsequently, we highlighted uncharted territories in MFB research to help direct future efforts aimed at bridging gaps in current knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeribe C Nwosu
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hamed Alborzinia
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steven Dooley
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yan Liu
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Epigenetics in Kidney Transplantation: Current Evidence, Predictions, and Future Research Directions. Transplantation 2016; 100:23-38. [PMID: 26356174 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are changes to the genome that occur without any alteration in DNA sequence. These changes include cytosine methylation of DNA at cytosine-phosphate diester-guanine dinucleotides, histone modifications, microRNA interactions, and chromatin remodeling complexes. Epigenetic modifications may exert their effect independently or complementary to genetic variants and have the potential to modify gene expression. These modifications are dynamic, potentially heritable, and can be induced by environmental stimuli or drugs. There is emerging evidence that epigenetics play an important role in health and disease. However, the impact of epigenetic modifications on the outcomes of kidney transplantation is currently poorly understood and deserves further exploration. Kidney transplantation is the best treatment option for end-stage renal disease, but allograft loss remains a significant challenge that leads to increased morbidity and return to dialysis. Epigenetic modifications may influence the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of the immune cells, and therefore may have a critical role in the host immune response to the allograft and its outcome. The epigenome of the donor may also impact kidney graft survival, especially those epigenetic modifications associated with early transplant stressors (e.g., cold ischemia time) and donor aging. In the present review, we discuss evidence supporting the role of epigenetic modifications in ischemia-reperfusion injury, host immune response to the graft, and graft response to injury as potential new tools for the diagnosis and prediction of graft function, and new therapeutic targets for improving outcomes of kidney transplantation.
Collapse
|