1
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Hara A, Tallquist MD. Fibroblast and Immune Cell Cross-Talk in Cardiac Fibrosis. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:485-493. [PMID: 37074566 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The intricate interplay between inflammatory and reparative responses in the context of heart injury is central to the pathogenesis of heart failure. Recent clinical studies have shown the therapeutic benefits of anti-inflammatory strategies in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the cross-talk between immune cells and fibroblasts in the diseased heart. RECENT FINDINGS The role of inflammatory cells in fibroblast activation after cardiac injury is well-documented, but recent single-cell transcriptomics studies have identified putative pro-inflammatory fibroblasts in the infarcted heart, suggesting that fibroblasts, in turn, can modify inflammatory cell behavior. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory immune cells and fibroblasts have been described. The use of spatial and temporal-omics analyses may provide additional insights toward a better understanding of disease-specific microenvironments, where activated fibroblasts and inflammatory cells are in proximity. Recent studies focused on the interplay between fibroblasts and immune cells have brought us closer to the identification of cell type-specific targets for intervention. Further exploration of these intercellular communications will provide deeper insights toward the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Hara
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96825, USA.
| | - Michelle D Tallquist
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96825, USA
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2
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Zelko IN, Dassanayaka S, Malovichko MV, Howard CM, Garrett LF, Uchida S, Brittian KR, Conklin DJ, Jones SP, Srivastava S. Chronic Benzene Exposure Aggravates Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction. Toxicol Sci 2021; 185:64-76. [PMID: 34718823 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzene is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant abundant in household products, petrochemicals and cigarette smoke. Benzene is a well-known carcinogen in humans and experimental animals; however, little is known about the cardiovascular toxicity of benzene. Recent population-based studies indicate that benzene exposure is associated with an increased risk for heart failure. Nonetheless, it is unclear whether benzene exposure is sufficient to induce and/or exacerbate heart failure. We examined the effects of benzene (50 ppm, 6 h/day, 5 days/week, 6 weeks) or HEPA-filtered air exposure on transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced pressure overload in male C57BL/6J mice. Our data show that benzene exposure had no effect on cardiac function in the Sham group; however, it significantly compromised cardiac function as depicted by a significant decrease in fractional shortening and ejection fraction, as compared with TAC/Air-exposed mice. RNA-seq analysis of the cardiac tissue from the TAC/benzene-exposed mice showed a significant increase in several genes associated with adhesion molecules, cell-cell adhesion, inflammation, and stress response. In particular, neutrophils were implicated in our unbiased analyses. Indeed, immunofluorescence studies showed that TAC/benzene exposure promotes infiltration of CD11b+/S100A8+/myeloperoxidase+-positive neutrophils in the hearts by 3-fold. In vitro, the benzene metabolites, hydroquinone and catechol, induced the expression of P-selectin in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells by 5-fold and increased the adhesion of neutrophils to these endothelial cells by 1.5-2.0-fold. Benzene metabolite-induced adhesion of neutrophils to the endothelial cells was attenuated by anti-P-selectin antibody. Together, these data suggest that benzene exacerbates heart failure by promoting endothelial activation and neutrophil recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor N Zelko
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center.,Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Sujith Dassanayaka
- Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Marina V Malovichko
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center.,Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Caitlin M Howard
- Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Lauren F Garrett
- Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen SV, Denmark
| | - Kenneth R Brittian
- Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center.,Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Steven P Jones
- Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- University of Louisville Superfund Research Center.,Diabetes and Obesity Center.,Envirome Institute.,Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
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3
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Lynch TL, Kumar M, McNamara JW, Kuster DWD, Sivaguru M, Singh RR, Previs MJ, Lee KH, Kuffel G, Zilliox MJ, Lin BL, Ma W, Gibson AM, Blaxall BC, Nieman ML, Lorenz JN, Leichter DM, Leary OP, Janssen PML, de Tombe PP, Gilbert RJ, Craig R, Irving T, Warshaw DM, Sadayappan S. Amino terminus of cardiac myosin binding protein-C regulates cardiac contractility. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 156:33-44. [PMID: 33781820 PMCID: PMC8217138 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) regulates cardiac contraction through modulation of actomyosin interactions mediated by the protein's amino terminal (N')-region (C0-C2 domains, 358 amino acids). On the other hand, dephosphorylation of cMyBP-C during myocardial injury results in cleavage of the 271 amino acid C0-C1f region and subsequent contractile dysfunction. Yet, our current understanding of amino terminus region of cMyBP-C in the context of regulating thin and thick filament interactions is limited. A novel cardiac-specific transgenic mouse model expressing cMyBP-C, but lacking its C0-C1f region (cMyBP-C∆C0-C1f), displayed dilated cardiomyopathy, underscoring the importance of the N'-region in cMyBP-C. Further exploring the molecular basis for this cardiomyopathy, in vitro studies revealed increased interfilament lattice spacing and rate of tension redevelopment, as well as faster actin-filament sliding velocity within the C-zone of the transgenic sarcomere. Moreover, phosphorylation of the unablated phosphoregulatory sites was increased, likely contributing to normal sarcomere morphology and myoarchitecture. These results led us to hypothesize that restoration of the N'-region of cMyBP-C would return actomyosin interaction to its steady state. Accordingly, we administered recombinant C0-C2 (rC0-C2) to permeabilized cardiomyocytes from transgenic, cMyBP-C null, and human heart failure biopsies, and we found that normal regulation of actomyosin interaction and contractility was restored. Overall, these data provide a unique picture of selective perturbations of the cardiac sarcomere that either lead to injury or adaptation to injury in the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Lynch
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - James W McNamara
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mayandi Sivaguru
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rohit R Singh
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Michael J Previs
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Kyoung Hwan Lee
- Division of Cell Biology and Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Gina Kuffel
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Michael J Zilliox
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Brian Leei Lin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Weikang Ma
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research and Instrumentation and Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Aaron M Gibson
- Department of Pediatrics, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Burns C Blaxall
- Department of Pediatrics, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Michelle L Nieman
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John N Lorenz
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dana M Leichter
- Research Service, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | - Owen P Leary
- Research Service, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | - Paul M L Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pieter P de Tombe
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, USA; Phymedexp, Université de Montpellier, Inserm, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Richard J Gilbert
- Research Service, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, USA
| | - Roger Craig
- Division of Cell Biology and Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Thomas Irving
- Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research and Instrumentation and Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - David M Warshaw
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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4
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The C0-C1f Region of Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C Induces Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Fibroblasts via TLR4 Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061326. [PMID: 34073556 PMCID: PMC8230336 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial injury is associated with inflammation and fibrosis. Cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is cleaved by µ-calpain upon myocardial injury, releasing C0-C1f, an N-terminal peptide of cMyBP-C. Previously, we reported that the presence of C0-C1f is pathogenic within cardiac tissue and is able to activate macrophages. Fibroblasts also play a crucial role in cardiac remodeling arising from ischemic events, as they contribute to both inflammation and scar formation. To understand whether C0-C1f directly modulates fibroblast phenotype, we analyzed the impact of C0-C1f on a human fibroblast cell line in vitro by performing mRNA microarray screening, immunofluorescence staining, and quantitative real-time PCR. The underlying signaling pathways were investigated by KEGG analysis and determined more precisely by targeted inhibition of the potential signaling cascades in vitro. C0-C1f induced pro-inflammatory responses that might delay TGFβ-mediated myofibroblast conversion. TGFβ also counteracted C0-C1f-mediated fibroblast activation. Inhibition of TLR4 or NFκB as well as the delivery of miR-146 significantly reduced C0-C1f-mediated effects. In conclusion, C0-C1f induces inflammatory responses in human fibroblasts that are mediated via TRL4 signaling, which is decreased in the presence of TGFβ. Specific targeting of TLR4 signaling could be an innovative strategy to modulate C0-C1f-mediated inflammation.
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5
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Thomas TP, Grisanti LA. The Dynamic Interplay Between Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:529075. [PMID: 33041853 PMCID: PMC7522448 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.529075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of death worldwide. While there are multiple etiologies contributing to the development of heart failure, all cause result in impairments in cardiac function that is characterized by changes in cardiac remodeling and compliance. Fibrosis is associated with nearly all forms of heart failure and is an important contributor to disease pathogenesis. Inflammation also plays a critical role in the heart and there is a large degree of interconnectedness between the inflammatory and fibrotic response. This review discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to inflammation and fibrosis and the interplay between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby P Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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6
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Arif M, Nabavizadeh P, Song T, Desai D, Singh R, Bazrafshan S, Kumar M, Wang Y, Gilbert RJ, Dhandapany PS, Becker RC, Kranias EG, Sadayappan S. Genetic, clinical, molecular, and pathogenic aspects of the South Asian-specific polymorphic MYBPC3 Δ25bp variant. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:1065-1084. [PMID: 32656747 PMCID: PMC7429610 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cardiac genetic disease characterized by ventricular enlargement, diastolic dysfunction, and increased risk for sudden cardiac death. Sarcomeric genetic defects are the predominant known cause of HCM. In particular, mutations in the myosin-binding protein C gene (MYBPC3) are associated with ~ 40% of all HCM cases in which a genetic basis has been established. A decade ago, our group reported a 25-base pair deletion in intron 32 of MYBPC3 (MYBPC3Δ25bp) that is uniquely prevalent in South Asians and is associated with autosomal dominant cardiomyopathy. Although our studies suggest that this deletion results in left ventricular dysfunction, cardiomyopathies, and heart failure, the precise mechanism by which this variant predisposes to heart disease remains unclear. Increasingly appreciated, however, is the contribution of secondary risk factors, additional mutations, and lifestyle choices in augmenting or modifying the HCM phenotype in MYBPC3Δ25bp carriers. Therefore, the goal of this review article is to summarize the current research dedicated to understanding the molecular pathophysiology of HCM in South Asians with the MYBPC3Δ25bp variant. An emphasis is to review the latest techniques currently applied to explore the MYBPC3Δ25bp pathogenesis and to provide a foundation for developing new diagnostic strategies and advances in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Arif
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA.
| | - Pooneh Nabavizadeh
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Taejeong Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Darshini Desai
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Rohit Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Sholeh Bazrafshan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Richard J Gilbert
- Research Service, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
| | - Perundurai S Dhandapany
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Richard C Becker
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
| | - Evangelia G Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0575, USA
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7
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Bhagwani A, Thompson AAR, Farkas L. When Innate Immunity Meets Angiogenesis-The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Endothelial Cells and Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:352. [PMID: 32850883 PMCID: PMC7410919 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors serve a central role in innate immunity, but they can also modulate cell function in various non-immune cell types including endothelial cells. Endothelial cells are necessary for the organized function of the vascular system, and part of their fundamental role is also the regulation of immune function and inflammation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of how Toll-like receptors contribute to the immune and non-immune functions of the endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneel Bhagwani
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - A. A. Roger Thompson
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Laszlo Farkas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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8
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Lipps C, Northe P, Figueiredo R, Rohde M, Brahmer A, Krämer-Albers EM, Liebetrau C, Wiedenroth CB, Mayer E, Kriechbaum SD, Dörr O, Nef H, Hamm CW, Keller T, Troidl C. Non-Invasive Approach for Evaluation of Pulmonary Hypertension Using Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Small Non-Coding RNA. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110666. [PMID: 31671920 PMCID: PMC6920761 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are released by numerous cell types of the human body under physiological but also under pathophysiological conditions. They are important for cell–cell communication and carry specific signatures of peptides and RNAs. In this study, we aimed to determine whether extracellular vesicles isolated from patients with pulmonary hypertension show a disease specific signature of small non-coding RNAs and thus have the potential to serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles were isolated from the serum of 23 patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and 23 controls using two individual methods: a column-based method or by precipitation. Extracellular vesicle- associated RNAs were analyzed by next-generation sequencing applying molecular barcoding, and differentially expressed small non-coding RNAs were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We identified 18 microRNAs and 21 P-element induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) or piRNA clusters that were differentially expressed in CTEPH patients compared with controls. Bioinformatic analysis predicted a contribution of these piRNAs to the progression of cardiac and vascular remodeling. Expression levels of DQ593039 correlated with clinically meaningful parameters such as mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular systolic pressure, and levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Thus, we identified the extracellular vesicle- derived piRNA, DQ593039, as a potential biomarker for pulmonary hypertension and right heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Lipps
- Medical Clinics I-Cardiology and Angiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Clinic GmbH, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Philipp Northe
- Medical Clinics I-Cardiology and Angiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | | | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Brahmer
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Biology of Extracellular Vesicles, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55122 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Eva-Maria Krämer-Albers
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Biology of Extracellular Vesicles, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55122 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Christoph Liebetrau
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Clinic GmbH, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | | | - Eckhard Mayer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kerckhoff Clinic GmbH, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Steffen D Kriechbaum
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Clinic GmbH, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Oliver Dörr
- Medical Clinics I-Cardiology and Angiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Clinic GmbH, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Holger Nef
- Medical Clinics I-Cardiology and Angiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Clinic GmbH, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Christian W Hamm
- Medical Clinics I-Cardiology and Angiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Clinic GmbH, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Till Keller
- Medical Clinics I-Cardiology and Angiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Clinic GmbH, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Christian Troidl
- Medical Clinics I-Cardiology and Angiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Clinic GmbH, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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9
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Kaier TE, Alaour B, Marber M. Cardiac Myosin-Binding Protein C-From Bench to Improved Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2019; 33:221-230. [PMID: 30617437 PMCID: PMC6509074 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-018-6845-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chest pain is responsible for 6-10% of all presentations to acute healthcare providers. Triage is inherently difficult and heavily reliant on the quantification of cardiac Troponin (cTn), as a minority of patients with an ultimate diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) present with clear diagnostic features such as ST-elevation on the electrocardiogram. Owing to slow release and disappearance of cTn, many patients require repeat blood testing or present with stable but elevated concentrations of the best available biomarker and are thus caught at the interplay of sensitivity and specificity.We identified cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyC) in coronary venous effluent and developed a high-sensitivity assay by producing an array of monoclonal antibodies and choosing an ideal pair based on affinity and epitope maps. Compared to high-sensitivity cardiac Troponin (hs-cTn), we demonstrated that cMyC appears earlier and rises faster following myocardial necrosis. In this review, we discuss discovery and structure of cMyC, as well as the migration from a comparably insensitive to a high-sensitivity assay facilitating first clinical studies. This assay was subsequently used to describe relative abundance of the protein, compare sensitivity to two high-sensitivity cTn assays and test diagnostic performance in over 1900 patients presenting with chest pain and suspected AMI. A standout feature was cMyC's ability to more effectively triage patients. This distinction is likely related to the documented greater abundance and more rapid release profile, which could significantly improve the early triage of patients with suspected AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Kaier
- King's College London BHF Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Bashir Alaour
- King's College London BHF Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Michael Marber
- King's College London BHF Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
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10
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Barefield DY, McNamara JW, Lynch TL, Kuster DWD, Govindan S, Haar L, Wang Y, Taylor EN, Lorenz JN, Nieman ML, Zhu G, Luther PK, Varró A, Dobrev D, Ai X, Janssen PML, Kass DA, Jones WK, Gilbert RJ, Sadayappan S. Ablation of the calpain-targeted site in cardiac myosin binding protein-C is cardioprotective during ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 129:236-246. [PMID: 30862451 PMCID: PMC7222036 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) phosphorylation is essential for normal heart function and protects the heart from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. It is known that protein kinase-A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of cMyBP-C prevents I/R-dependent proteolysis, whereas dephosphorylation of cMyBP-C at PKA sites correlates with its degradation. While sites on cMyBP-C associated with phosphorylation and proteolysis co-localize, the mechanisms that link cMyBP-C phosphorylation and proteolysis during cardioprotection are not well understood. Therefore, we aimed to determine if abrogation of cMyBP-C proteolysis in association with calpain, a calcium-activated protease, confers cardioprotection during I/R injury. Calpain is activated in both human ischemic heart samples and ischemic mouse myocardium where cMyBP-C is dephosphorylated and undergoes proteolysis. Moreover, cMyBP-C is a substrate for calpain proteolysis and cleaved by calpain at residues 272-TSLAGAGRR-280, a domain termed as the calpain-target site (CTS). Cardiac-specific transgenic (Tg) mice in which the CTS motif was ablated were bred into a cMyBP-C null background. These Tg mice were conclusively shown to possess a normal basal structure and function by analysis of histology, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence microscopy, Q-space MRI of tissue architecture, echocardiography, and hemodynamics. However, the genetic ablation of the CTS motif conferred resistance to calpain-mediated proteolysis of cMyBP-C. Following I/R injury, the loss of the CTS reduced infarct size compared to non-transgenic controls. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the physiological significance of calpain-targeted cMyBP-C proteolysis and provide a rationale for studying inhibition of calpain-mediated proteolysis of cMyBP-C as a therapeutic target for cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Barefield
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - James W McNamara
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thomas L Lynch
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suresh Govindan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Lauren Haar
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Erik N Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John N Lorenz
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle L Nieman
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Guangshuo Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pradeep K Luther
- Molecular Medicine Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andras Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xun Ai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul M L Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Walter Keith Jones
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Richard J Gilbert
- Research Service, Providence VA Medical Center and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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11
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Inflammation and fibrosis in murine models of heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:19. [PMID: 30887214 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a consequence of various cardiovascular diseases and associated with poor prognosis. Despite progress in the treatment of heart failure in the past decades, prevalence and hospitalisation rates are still increasing. Heart failure is typically associated with cardiac remodelling. Here, inflammation and fibrosis are thought to play crucial roles. During cardiac inflammation, immune cells invade the cardiac tissue and modulate tissue-damaging responses. Cardiac fibrosis, however, is characterised by an increased amount and a disrupted composition of extracellular matrix proteins. As evidence exists that cardiac inflammation and fibrosis are potentially reversible in experimental and clinical set ups, they are interesting targets for innovative heart failure treatments. In this context, animal models are important as they mimic clinical conditions of heart failure patients. The advantages of mice in this respect are short generation times and genetic modifications. As numerous murine models of heart failure exist, the selection of a proper disease model for a distinct research question is demanding. To facilitate this selection, this review aims to provide an overview about the current understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in six frequently used murine models of heart failure. Hence, it compares the models of myocardial infarction with or without reperfusion, transverse aortic constriction, chronic subjection to angiotensin II or deoxycorticosterone acetate, and coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis in this context. It furthermore provides information about the clinical relevance and the limitations of each model, and, if applicable, about the recent advancements in their methodological proceedings.
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12
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Frangogiannis NG. Cell biological mechanisms in regulation of the post-infarction inflammatory response. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 1:7-13. [PMID: 29552674 PMCID: PMC5851468 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in cardiac repair, but may also extend ischemic injury and contribute to post-infarction remodeling. This review manuscript discusses recent advances in our understanding of the cell biology of the post-infarction inflammatory response. Recently published studies demonstrated that the functional repertoire of inflammatory and reparative cells may extend beyond the roles suggested by traditional teachings. Neutrophils may play an important role in cardiac repair by driving macrophages toward a reparative phenotype. Subsets of activated fibroblasts have been implicated in protection of ischemic cardiomyocytes, in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, and in regulation of inflammation. Dissection of the cellular effectors of cardiac repair is critical in order to develop new therapeutic strategies for patients with acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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13
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Frevert CW, Felgenhauer J, Wygrecka M, Nastase MV, Schaefer L. Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns Derived From the Extracellular Matrix Provide Temporal Control of Innate Immunity. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:213-227. [PMID: 29290139 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417740880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is evident that components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) act as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through direct interactions with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and inflammasomes. Through these interactions, ECM-derived DAMPs autonomously trigger sterile inflammation or prolong pathogen-induced responses through the production of proinflammatory mediators and the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of injury and infection. Recent research, however, suggests that ECM-derived DAMPs are additionally involved in the resolution and fine-tuning of inflammation by orchestrating the production of anti-inflammatory mediators that are required for the resolution of tissue inflammation and the transition to acquired immunity. Thus, in this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the interplay between ECM-derived DAMPs and the innate immune signaling pathways that are activated to provide temporal control of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Frevert
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Madalina V Nastase
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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14
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Role of the immune system in cardiac tissue damage and repair following myocardial infarction. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:739-751. [PMID: 28600668 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The immune system plays a crucial role in the initiation, development, and resolution of inflammation following myocardial infarction (MI). The lack of oxygen and nutrients causes the death of cardiomyocytes and leads to the exposure of danger-associated molecular patterns that are recognized by the immune system to initiate inflammation. RESULTS At the initial stage of post-MI inflammation, the immune system further damages cardiac tissue to clear cell debris. The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by immune cells and the inability of the anti-oxidant system to neutralize ROS cause oxidative stress that further aggravates inflammation. On the other hand, the cells of both innate and adaptive immune system and their secreted factors are critically instrumental in the very dynamic and complex processes of regulating inflammation and mediating cardiac repair. CONCLUSIONS It is important to decipher the balance between detrimental and beneficial effects of the immune system in MI. This enables us to identify better therapeutic targets for reducing the infarct size, sustaining the cardiac function, and minimizing the likelihood of heart failure. This review discusses the role of both innate and adaptive immune systems in cardiac tissue damage and repair in experimental models of MI.
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Gündüz D, Hamm CW, Aslam M. Simultaneous Isolation of High Quality Cardiomyocytes, Endothelial Cells, and Fibroblasts from an Adult Rat Heart. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28570510 DOI: 10.3791/55601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat is an important animal model used in cardiovascular research, and rat cardiac cells are used routinely for in vitro analysis of the molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular disease progression such as cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and atherosclerosis. Although several attempts with variable success have been made to develop immortalized cell lines from the cardiovascular system to understand these cellular mechanisms, primary cells offer a more natural and close to in vivo environment for such studies. Therefore, different laboratories working on a particular cell type have developed protocols to isolate individual types of rat cardiac cells of interest. A protocol that allows the isolation of more than one cell type, however, is missing. Here an optimized protocol is described that allows the isolation of high-quality major cardiac cell types (cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts) from a single preparation and enables their use for cellular analyses. This permits the most efficient use of available resources, which may save time and reduce research costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dursun Gündüz
- Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Giessen
| | - Christian W Hamm
- Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Giessen
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Giessen;
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16
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Marjot J, Kaier TE, Martin ED, Reji SS, Copeland O, Iqbal M, Goodson B, Hamren S, Harding SE, Marber MS. Quantifying the Release of Biomarkers of Myocardial Necrosis from Cardiac Myocytes and Intact Myocardium. Clin Chem 2017; 63:990-996. [PMID: 28377413 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.264648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction is diagnosed when biomarkers of cardiac necrosis exceed the 99th centile, although guidelines advocate even lower concentrations for early rule-out. We examined how many myocytes and how much myocardium these concentrations represent. We also examined if dietary troponin can confound the rule-out algorithm. METHODS Individual rat cardiac myocytes, rat myocardium, ovine myocardium, or human myocardium were spiked into 400-μL aliquots of human serum. Blood was drawn from a volunteer after ingestion of ovine myocardium. High-sensitivity assays were used to measure cardiac troponin T (cTnT; Roche, Elecsys), cTnI (Abbott, Architect), and cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyC; EMD Millipore, Erenna®). RESULTS The cMyC assay could only detect the human protein. For each rat cardiac myocyte added to 400 μL of human serum, cTnT and cTnI increased by 19.0 ng/L (95% CI, 16.8-21.2) and 18.9 ng/L (95% CI, 14.7-23.1), respectively. Under identical conditions cTnT, cTnI, and cMyC increased by 3.9 ng/L (95% CI, 3.6-4.3), 4.3 ng/L (95% CI, 3.8-4.7), and 41.0 ng/L (95% CI, 38.0-44.0) per μg of human myocardium. There was no detectable change in cTnI or cTnT concentration after ingestion of sufficient ovine myocardium to increase cTnT and cTnI to approximately 1 × 108 times their lower limits of quantification. CONCLUSIONS Based on pragmatic assumptions regarding cTn and cMyC release efficiency, circulating species, and volume of distribution, 99th centile concentrations may be exceeded by necrosis of 40 mg of myocardium. This volume is much too small to detect by noninvasive imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Marjot
- King's College London BHF Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Thomas E Kaier
- King's College London BHF Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eva D Martin
- King's College London BHF Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Shiney S Reji
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - O'Neal Copeland
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Sian E Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Michael S Marber
- King's College London BHF Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.;
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