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Gaye B, Naji NB, Sims M, Cuffee Y, Ogungbe O, Michos ED, Lassale C, Sabouret P, Jouven X. Deep Diving Into the Cardiovascular Health Paradox: A Journey Towards Personalized Prevention. Public Health Rev 2024; 45:1606879. [PMID: 39145154 PMCID: PMC11322578 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2024.1606879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The Life's Simple 7 score (LS7) promotes cardiovascular health (CVH). Despite this, some with optimal LS7 develop cardiovascular disease (CVD), while others with poor CVH do not, termed the "CVH paradox." This paper explores pathways explaining this paradox. Methods We examined methodological aspects: 1) misclassification bias in self-reported lifestyle factors (smoking, physical activity, diet); 2) cumulative exposure to risk factors over a lifetime, impacting the CVH paradox. Punctual risk factor assessments are suboptimal for predicting outcomes. We proposed personalized prevention using "novel" elements to refine CVH assessment: 1) subclinical vascular disease markers, 2) metabolic biomarkers in blood and urine, 3) emerging risk factors, 4) polygenic risk scores (PRS), 5) epigenetics, and 6) the exposome. Results Addressing the CVH paradox requires a multifaceted approach, reducing misclassification bias, considering cumulative risk exposure, and incorporating novel personalized prevention elements. Conclusion A holistic, individualized approach to CVH assessment and CVD prevention can better reduce cardiovascular outcomes and improve population health. Collaboration among researchers, healthcare providers, policymakers, and communities is essential for effective implementation and realization of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamba Gaye
- Alliance for Medical Research in Africa (AMedRA), Department of Medical Physiology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
- Université Paris Cité, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Yendelela Cuffee
- Alliance for Medical Research in Africa (AMedRA), Epidemiology Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Oluwabunmi Ogungbe
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Erin D. Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Camille Lassale
- Alliance for Medical Research in Africa (AMedRA), Barcelona Institute for Public Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pierre Sabouret
- Heart Institute, Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- National College of French Cardiologists, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Jouven
- Université Paris Cité, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France
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2
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Chen F, Yu X. Circ_0002331 Interacts with ELAVL1 to Improve ox-LDL-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction via Regulating CCND2 mRNA Stability. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:625-636. [PMID: 38743320 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been discovered to serve as vital regulators in atherosclerosis (AS). However, the role and mechanism of circ_0002331 in AS process are still unclear. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with ox-LDL to establish an in vitro model for AS. The expression levels of circ_0002331, Cyclin D2 (CCND2) and ELAVL1 were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and angiogenesis were assessed by EdU assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay and tube formation assay. The protein levels of CCND2, ELAVL1, and autophagy-related markers were detected using western blot analysis. IL-8 level was analyzed by ELISA. The relationship between ELAVL1 and circ_0002331 or CCND2 was analyzed by RIP assay and RNA pull-down assay. Moreover, FISH assay was used to analyze the co-localization of ELAVL1 and CCND2 in HUVECs. Our data showed that circ_0002331 was obviously downregulated in AS patients and ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. Overexpression of circ_0002331 could promote proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis, while inhibit apoptosis, autophagy and inflammation in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. Furthermore, CCND2 was positively regulated by circ_0002331, and circ_0002331 could bind with ELAVL1 to promote CCND2 mRNA stability. Besides, CCND2 overexpression suppressed ox-LDL-induced HUVECs dysfunction, and its knockdown also reversed the regulation of circ_0002331 on ox-LDL-induced HUVECs dysfunction. In conclusion, circ_0002331 might be a potential target for AS treatment, which could improve ox-LDL-induced dysfunction of HUVECs via regulating CCND2 by binding with ELAVL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiufeng Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lishui People's Hospital, No. 1188 Liyang Street, Yanquan Avenue, Liandu District, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Climent M, García-Giménez JL. Special Issue "The Role of Non-Coding RNAs Involved in Cardiovascular Diseases and Cellular Communication". Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6034. [PMID: 38892220 PMCID: PMC11172417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the great progress in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still the most prominent cause of death worldwide [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Climent
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - José Luis García-Giménez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Health Research Institute INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carlos III Health Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Hall IF, Kishta F, Xu Y, Baker AH, Kovacic JC. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition: at the axis of cardiovascular health and disease. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:223-236. [PMID: 38385523 PMCID: PMC10939465 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) line the luminal surface of blood vessels and play a major role in vascular (patho)-physiology by acting as a barrier, sensing circulating factors and intrinsic/extrinsic signals. ECs have the capacity to undergo endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a complex differentiation process with key roles both during embryonic development and in adulthood. EndMT can contribute to EC activation and dysfunctional alterations associated with maladaptive tissue responses in human disease. During EndMT, ECs progressively undergo changes leading to expression of mesenchymal markers while repressing EC lineage-specific traits. This phenotypic and functional switch is considered to largely exist in a continuum, being characterized by a gradation of transitioning stages. In this report, we discuss process plasticity and potential reversibility and the hypothesis that different EndMT-derived cell populations may play a different role in disease progression or resolution. In addition, we review advancements in the EndMT field, current technical challenges, as well as therapeutic options and opportunities in the context of cardiovascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernando Hall
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Franceska Kishta
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yang Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School and University of New South Wales, 390 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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5
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Yang X, Zong Y, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Gao X, Zhang J, Hou Q, Li R, Xiao B. Identification of Potential Abnormal Methylation-Modified Genes in Coronary Artery Ectasia. Int J Genomics 2023; 2023:4969605. [PMID: 37662558 PMCID: PMC10474963 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4969605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is an easily recognized abnormality of coronary artery anatomy and morphology. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Objectives This study aimed to identify abnormal methylation-modified genes in patients with CAE, which could provide a research basis for CAE. Methods Peripheral venous blood samples from patients with CAE were collected for RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), followed by functional enrichment. Then, the DNA methylation profile of CAE was downloaded from GSE87016 (HumanMethylation450 BeadChip data, involving 11 cases and 12 normal controls) to identify differentially methylated genes (DMGs). Finally, after taking interaction genes between DEGs and DMGs, abnormal methylation-modified genes were identified, followed by protein-protein interaction analysis and expression validation using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results A total of 152 DEGs and 4318 DMGs were obtained from RNA sequencing and the GSE87016 dataset, respectively. After taking interaction genes, 9 down-regulated DEGs due to hypermethylation and 11 up-regulated DEGs due to hypomethylation were identified in CAE. A total of 10 core abnormal methylation-modified genes were identified, including six down-regulated DEGs due to hypermethylation (netrin G1, ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12, immunoglobulin superfamily member 10, sarcoglycan dela, Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 3, and GATA binding protein 6), and four up-regulated DEGs due to hypomethylation (adrenomedullin, ubiquitin specific peptidase 18, lymphocyte antigen 6 family member E, and MX dynamin-like GTPase 1). Some signaling pathways were identified in patients with CAE, including cell adhesion molecule, O-glycan biosynthesis, and the renin-angiotensin system. Conclusions Abnormal methylation-modified DEGs involved in signaling pathways may be involved in CAE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yijun Zong
- School of Nursing, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhentian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xueying Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qian Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Renyi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Rega S, Farina F, Bouhuis S, de Donato S, Chiesa M, Poggio P, Cavallotti L, Bonalumi G, Giambuzzi I, Pompilio G, Perrucci GL. Multi-omics in thoracic aortic aneurysm: the complex road to the simplification. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:131. [PMID: 37475058 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01080-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a serious condition that affects the aorta, characterized by the dilation of its first segment. The causes of TAA (e.g., age, hypertension, genetic syndromes) are heterogeneous and contribute to the weakening of the aortic wall. This complexity makes treating this life-threatening aortopathy challenging, as there are currently no etiological therapy available, and pharmacological strategies, aimed at avoiding surgical aortic replacement, are merely palliative. Recent studies on novel therapies for TAA have focused on identifying biological targets and etiological mechanisms of the disease by using advanced -omics techniques, including epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics approaches. METHODS This review presents the latest findings from -omics approaches and underscores the importance of integrating multi-omics data to gain more comprehensive understanding of TAA. RESULTS Literature suggests that the alterations in TAA mediators frequently involve members of pro-fibrotic process (i.e., TGF-β signaling pathways) or proteins associated with cell/extracellular structures (e.g., aggrecans). Further analyses often reported the importance in TAA of processes as inflammation (PCR, CD3, leukotriene compounds), oxidative stress (chromatin OXPHOS, fatty acids), mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (e.g., PPARs and HIF1a). Of note, more recent metabolomics studies added novel molecular markers to the list of TAA-specific detrimental mediators (proteoglycans). CONCLUSION It is increasingly clear that integrating data from different -omics branches, along with clinical data, is essential as well as complicated both to reveal hidden relevant information and to address complex diseases such as TAA. Importantly, recent progresses in metabolomics highlighted novel potential and unprecedented marks in TAA diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rega
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Unit for the Study of Aortic, Valvular and Coronary Pathologies, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Floriana Farina
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Bouhuis
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia de Donato
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Chiesa
- Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Facility, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Poggio
- Unit for the Study of Aortic, Valvular and Coronary Pathologies, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cavallotti
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bonalumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giambuzzi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca L Perrucci
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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7
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Lin CP, Huang PH, Chen CY, Tzeng IS, Wu MY, Chen JS, Chen JW, Lin SJ. Tributyrin Intake Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in LDLR-/- Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098008. [PMID: 37175712 PMCID: PMC10178859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a multifactorial cardiovascular disease with a high risk of death, and it occurs in the infrarenal aorta with vascular dilatation. High blood pressure acts on the aortic wall, resulting in rupture and causing life-threatening intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysregulation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, especially elastin breaks, contribute to structural changes in the aortic wall. The pathogenesis of AAA includes the occurrence of oxidative stress, inflammatory cell infiltration, elastic fiber fragmentation, VSMC apoptosis, and phenotypic transformation. Tributyrin (TB) is decomposed by intestinal lipase and has a function similar to that of butyrate. Whether TB has a protective effect against AAA remains uncertain. In the present study, we established an AAA murine model by angiotensin II (AngII) induction in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR-/-) mice and investigated the effects of orally administered TB on the AAA size, ratio of macrophage infiltration, levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, and epigenetic regulation. TB attenuates AngII-induced AAA size and decreases elastin fragmentation, macrophage infiltration, and MMP expression in the medial layer of the aorta and reduces the levels of SBP (systolic blood pressure, p < 0.001) and MMP-2 (p < 0.02) in the serum. TB reduces the AngII-stimulated expression levels of MMP2 (p < 0.05), MMP9 (p < 0.05), MMP12, and MMP14 in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Moreover, TB and valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, suppress AngII receptor type 1 (AT1R, p < 0.05) activation and increase the expression of acetyl histone H3 by HDAC activity inhibition (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that TB exerts its protective effect by suppressing the activation of HDAC to attenuate the AngII-induced AT1R signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Pei Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Critical Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shiong Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Division of Cardiology & Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Division of Cardiology & Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Center, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan
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8
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Parab S, Setten E, Astanina E, Bussolino F, Doronzo G. The tissue-specific transcriptional landscape underlines the involvement of endothelial cells in health and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108418. [PMID: 37088448 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) that line vascular and lymphatic vessels are being increasingly recognized as important to organ function in health and disease. ECs participate not only in the trafficking of gases, metabolites, and cells between the bloodstream and tissues but also in the angiocrine-based induction of heterogeneous parenchymal cells, which are unique to their specific tissue functions. The molecular mechanisms regulating EC heterogeneity between and within different tissues are modeled during embryogenesis and become fully established in adults. Any changes in adult tissue homeostasis induced by aging, stress conditions, and various noxae may reshape EC heterogeneity and induce specific transcriptional features that condition a functional phenotype. Heterogeneity is sustained via specific genetic programs organized through the combinatory effects of a discrete number of transcription factors (TFs) that, at the single tissue-level, constitute dynamic networks that are post-transcriptionally and epigenetically regulated. This review is focused on outlining the TF-based networks involved in EC specialization and physiological and pathological stressors thought to modify their architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Parab
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
| | - Elisa Setten
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
| | - Elena Astanina
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Doronzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
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9
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Yu Q, Yang J, Wang J, Yu R, Li J, Cheng J, Hu Y, Li Z, Zheng N, Zhang Z, Li X, Wang Y, Du W, Zhu K, Chen X, Su J. DNA methylation profile in the whole blood of acute coronary syndrome patients with aspirin resistance. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 37:e24821. [PMID: 36550638 PMCID: PMC9833987 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspirin resistance (AR) results in major adverse cardiovascular events, and DNA methylation might participate in the regulation of this pathological process. METHODS In present study, a sum of 35 patients with AR and 35 non-AR (NAR) controls were enrolled. Samples from 5 AR and 5 NAR were evaluated in an 850 BeadChip DNA methylation assay, and another 30 AR versus 30 NAR were evaluated to validate the differentially methylated CpG loci (DML). Then, qRT-PCR was used to investigate the target mRNA expression of genes at CpG loci. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) as well as Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to reveal the enriched pathways. RESULTS The AR and NAR groups displayed significant differences in DNA methylation at 7707 positions, with 270 hypermethylated sites (e.g., cg09555818 located in APOC2) and 7437 sites hypomethylated sites (e.g., cg26828689 located in SLC12A5). Six DML were validated by pyrosequencing, and it was confirmed that DNA methylation (cg16391727, cg21008208, cg21293749, and cg13945576) was related to the increasing risk of AR. The relative mRNA expression of the ROR1 gene was also associated with AR (p = 0.007), suggesting that the change of cg21293749 in DNA methylation might lead to differential ROR1 mRNA expression, ultimately resulting in AR. Furthermore, the identified differentially methylated sites were associated with the molecular pathways such as circadian rhythms and insulin secretion. CONCLUSION Hence, the distinct DNA methylation might play a vital role in the biological regulation of AR through the pathways such as circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal MedicineNingbo No. 1 HospitalNingboChina
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of GeriatricsNingbo No. 1 HospitalNingboChina
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of CardiologyNingbo No.1 HospitalNingboChina,Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceNingboChina
| | - Ruoyan Yu
- Department of CardiologyNingbo No.1 HospitalNingboChina,Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceNingboChina
| | - Jiyi Li
- Department of CardiologyYuyao People's Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceYuyaoChina
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Emergency, HwaMei HospitalUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesNingboChina
| | - Yingchu Hu
- Department of CardiologyNingbo No.1 HospitalNingboChina,Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceNingboChina
| | - Zhenwei Li
- Department of CardiologyNingbo No.1 HospitalNingboChina,Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceNingboChina
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, HwaMei HospitalUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesNingboChina
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of CardiologyNingbo No.1 HospitalNingboChina,Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceNingboChina
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of GeriatricsNingbo No. 1 HospitalNingboChina
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of CardiologyNingbo No.1 HospitalNingboChina,Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceNingboChina
| | - Weiping Du
- Department of CardiologyNingbo No.1 HospitalNingboChina,Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceNingboChina
| | - Keqi Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal MedicineNingbo No. 1 HospitalNingboChina
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of CardiologyNingbo No.1 HospitalNingboChina,Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceNingboChina
| | - Jia Su
- Department of CardiologyNingbo No.1 HospitalNingboChina,Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceNingboChina
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10
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Farina FM, Serio S, Hall IF, Zani S, Cassanmagnago GA, Climent M, Civilini E, Condorelli G, Quintavalle M, Elia L. The epigenetic enzyme DOT1L orchestrates vascular smooth muscle cell-monocyte crosstalk and protects against atherosclerosis via the NF-κB pathway. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:4562-4576. [PMID: 35292818 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Histone H3 dimethylation at lysine 79 is a key epigenetic mark uniquely induced by methyltransferase disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L). We aimed to determine whether DOT1L modulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype and how it might affect atherosclerosis in vitro and in vivo, unravelling the related mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Gene expression screening of VSMCs stimulated with the BB isoform of platelet-derived growth factor led us to identify Dot1l as an early up-regulated epigenetic factor. Mouse and human atherosclerotic lesions were assessed for Dot1l expression, which resulted specifically localized in the VSMC compartment. The relevance of Dot1l to atherosclerosis pathogenesis was assessed through deletion of its gene in the VSMCs via an inducible, tissue-specific knock-out mouse model crossed with the ApoE-/- high-fat diet model of atherosclerosis. We found that the inactivation of Dot1l significantly reduced the progression of the disease. By combining RNA- and H3K79me2-chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing, we found that DOT1L and its induced H3K79me2 mark directly regulate the transcription of Nf-κB-1 and -2, master modulators of inflammation, which in turn induce the expression of CCL5 and CXCL10, cytokines fundamentally involved in atherosclerosis development. Finally, a correlation between coronary artery disease and genetic variations in the DOT1L gene was found because specific polymorphisms are associated with increased mRNA expression. CONCLUSION DOT1L plays a key role in the epigenetic control of VSMC gene expression, leading to atherosclerosis development. Results identify DOT1L as a potential therapeutic target for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Maria Farina
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU) München, D-80336 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Serio
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy.,Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy
| | | | - Stefania Zani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy.,Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy
| | - Giada Andrea Cassanmagnago
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy.,Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy
| | - Montserrat Climent
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Efrem Civilini
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy.,Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy.,Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy
| | - Manuela Quintavalle
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy.,Astrazeneca, V.le Decumano, 39, 20157 Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Leonardo Elia
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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11
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Zhao M, Xu T, Lei J, Ji B, Gao Q. Unveiling the Role of DNA Methylation in Vascular CACNA1C Tissue–Specific Expression. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:872977. [PMID: 35711357 PMCID: PMC9197502 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.872977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C (CACNA1C) plays a critical role in many vascular physiological and pathological processes. Determining its tissue-specific expression pattern and clarifying the underlying molecular mechanisms are necessary and meaningful. Methods We selected several representative vessels from normal male Sprague-Dawley rats. Vessel tissue or primary vascular smooth muscle cells were isolated for vascular function, electrophysiology, gene expression and promoter methylation studies. Results We found CACNA1C had tissue-specific expressions in vessels. The specific manifestations were as follows: CACNA1C expression was highest in thoracic aorta, second lowest in middle cerebral and pulmonary artery, and lowest in mesenteric artery. Excitingly, an opposing trend was observed between CACNA1C expression and its promoter methylation. Conclusions This study was the first report to indicate that DNA methylation could be involved in regulating CACNA1C tissue-specific expressions and vasoconstriction function in vascular system. This study not only provided more information for further understanding the physiological characteristics of vascular CACNA1C expressions, also strengthened the idea that DNA methylation plays important roles in regulating vascular smooth muscle cells function and the consequent occurrence of vascular diseases.
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12
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Dai Y, Chen D, Xu T. DNA Methylation Aberrant in Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:815977. [PMID: 35308237 PMCID: PMC8927809 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.815977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a pathological process involving lipid oxidation, immune system activation, and endothelial dysfunction. The activated immune system could lead to inflammation and oxidative stress. Risk factors like aging and hyperhomocysteinemia also promote the progression of AS. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA, are involved in the modulation of genes between the environment and AS formation. DNA methylation is one of the most important epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AS. However, the relationship between the progression of AS and DNA methylation is not completely understood. This review will discuss the abnormal changes of DNA methylation in AS, including genome-wide hypermethylation dominating in AS with an increase of age, hypermethylation links with methyl supply and generating hyperhomocysteinemia, and the influence of oxidative stress with the demethylation process by interfering with the hydroxyl-methylation of TET proteins. The review will also summarize the current status of epigenetic treatment, which may provide new direction and potential therapeutic targets for AS.
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13
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Tutino VM, Kuo CC, Avasthi N, Rai HH, Waqas M, Siddiqui AH, Jarvis JN, Poppenberg KE. Chromatin architecture around stroke haplotypes provides evidence that genetic risk is conferred through vascular cells. Epigenomics 2022; 14:243-259. [PMID: 35184600 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous stroke-associated SNPs. To understand how SNPs affect gene expression related to increased stroke risk, we studied epigenetic landscapes surrounding 26 common, validated stroke-associated loci. Methods: We mapped the SNPs to linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks and examined H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K9ac, and H3K4me3 histone marks and transcription-factor binding-sites in pathologically relevant cell types (hematopoietic and vascular cells). Hi-C data were used to identify topologically associated domains (TADs) encompassing the LD blocks and overlapping genes. Results: Fibroblasts, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells showed significant enrichment for enhancer-associated marks within stroke-associated LD blocks. Genes within encompassing TADs reflected vessel homeostasis, cellular turnover, and enzymatic activity. Conclusions: Stroke-associated genetic variants confer risk predominantly through vascular cells rather than hematopoietic cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent M Tutino
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Cathleen C Kuo
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Naval Avasthi
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Hamid H Rai
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Adnan H Siddiqui
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Radiology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - James N Jarvis
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Genetics, Genomics, & Bioinformatics Program, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Kerry E Poppenberg
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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14
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Zhang M, Urabe G, Ozer HG, Xie X, Webb A, Shirasu T, Li J, Han R, Kent KC, Wang B, Guo LW. Angioplasty induces epigenomic remodeling in injured arteries. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/5/e202101114. [PMID: 35169042 PMCID: PMC8860099 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first in vivo epigenomic survey revealing genome-wide loci-specific chromatin mark redistribution after angioplasty; the underlying epigenetic regulations may inform therapeutic targeting. Neointimal hyperplasia/proliferation (IH) is the primary etiology of vascular stenosis. Epigenomic studies concerning IH have been largely confined to in vitro models, and IH-underlying epigenetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study integrates information from in vivo epigenomic mapping, conditional knockout, gene transfer and pharmacology in rodent models of IH. The data from injured (IH-prone) rat arteries revealed a surge of genome-wide occupancy by histone-3 lysine-27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), a gene-repression mark. This was unexpected in the traditional view of prevailing post-injury gene activation rather than repression. Further analysis illustrated a shift of H3K27me3 enrichment to anti-proliferative genes, from pro-proliferative genes where gene-activation mark H3K27ac(acetylation) accumulated instead. H3K27ac and its reader BRD4 (bromodomain protein) co-enriched at Ezh2; conditional BRD4 knockout in injured mouse arteries reduced H3K27me3 and its writer EZH2, which positively regulated another pro-IH chromatin modulator UHRF1. Thus, results uncover injury-induced loci-specific H3K27me3 redistribution in the epigenomic landscape entailing BRD4→EZH2→UHRF1 hierarchical regulations. Given that these players are pharmaceutical targets, further research may help improve treatments of IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Zhang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Go Urabe
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hatice Gulcin Ozer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xiujie Xie
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Amy Webb
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Takuro Shirasu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Renzhi Han
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - K Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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15
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Fragrant rapeseed oil consumption prevents blood cholesterol accumulation via promoting fecal bile excretion and reducing oxidative stress in high cholesterol diet fed rats. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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16
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Harville EW, Mishra PP, Kähönen M, Raitoharju E, Marttila S, Raitakari O, Lehtimäki T. Reproductive history and blood cell DNA methylation later in life: the Young Finns Study. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:227. [PMID: 34930449 PMCID: PMC8690999 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Women with a history of complications of pregnancy, including hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes or an infant fetal growth restriction or preterm birth, are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease later in life. We aimed to examine differences in maternal DNA methylation following pregnancy complications. Methods Data on women participating in the Young Finns study (n = 836) were linked to the national birth registry. DNA methylation in whole blood was assessed using the Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip. Epigenome-wide analysis was conducted on differential CpG methylation at 850 K sites. Reproductive history was also modeled as a predictor of four epigenetic age indices. Results Fourteen significant differentially methylated sites were found associated with both history of pre-eclampsia and overall hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. No associations were found between reproductive history and any epigenetic age acceleration measure. Conclusions Differences in epigenetic methylation profiles could represent pre-existing risk factors, or changes that occurred as a result of experiencing these complications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01215-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W Harville
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520, Tampere, Finland.,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33521, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33521, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Saara Marttila
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520, Tampere, Finland.,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33521, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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17
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Ambardekar AV, Stratton MS, Dobrinskikh E, Hunter KS, Tatman PD, Lemieux ME, Cleveland JC, Tuder RM, Weiser-Evans MCM, Moulton KS, McKinsey TA. Matrix-Degrading Enzyme Expression and Aortic Fibrosis During Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Mechanical Support. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:1782-1795. [PMID: 34711337 PMCID: PMC8562886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of nonphysiological flow generated by continuous-flow (CF) left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) on the aorta remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to quantify indexes of fibrosis and determine the molecular signature of post-CF-LVAD vascular remodeling. METHODS Paired aortic tissue was collected at CF-LVAD implant and subsequently at transplant from 22 patients. Aortic wall morphometry and fibrillar collagen content (a measure of fibrosis) was quantified. In addition, whole-transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing and follow-up immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate CF-LVAD-mediated changes in aortic mRNA and protein expression. RESULTS The mean age was 52 ± 12 years, with a mean duration of CF-LVAD of 224 ± 193 days (range 45-798 days). There was a significant increase in the thickness of the collagen-rich adventitial layer from 218 ± 110 μm pre-LVAD to 410 ± 209 μm post-LVAD (P < 0.01). Furthermore, there was an increase in intimal and medial mean fibrillar collagen intensity from 22 ± 11 a.u. pre-LVAD to 41 ± 24 a.u. post-LVAD (P < 0.0001). The magnitude of this increase in fibrosis was greater among patients with longer durations of CF-LVAD support. CF-LVAD led to profound down-regulation in expression of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinase-19 and ADAMTS4, whereas no evidence of fibroblast activation was noted. CONCLUSIONS There is aortic remodeling and fibrosis after CF-LVAD that correlates with the duration of support. This fibrosis is due, at least in part, to suppression of extracellular matrix-degrading enzyme expression. Further research is needed to examine the contribution of nonphysiological flow patterns on vascular function and whether modulation of pulsatility may improve vascular remodeling and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrut V Ambardekar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
| | - Matthew S Stratton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kendall S Hunter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip D Tatman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Joseph C Cleveland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Medicine and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Karen S Moulton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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18
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Hall IF, Climent M, Viviani Anselmi C, Papa L, Tragante V, Lambroia L, Farina FM, Kleber ME, März W, Biguori C, Condorelli G, Elia L. rs41291957 controls miR-143 and miR-145 expression and impacts coronary artery disease risk. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14060. [PMID: 34551209 PMCID: PMC8495461 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the etiopathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases is well known. The effect of SNPs on disease predisposition has been established not only for protein coding genes but also for genes encoding microRNAs (miRNAs). The miR-143/145 cluster is smooth muscle cell-specific and implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Whether SNPs within the genomic sequence of the miR-143/145 cluster are involved in cardiovascular disease development is not known. We thus searched annotated sequence databases for possible SNPs associated with miR-143/145. We identified one SNP, rs41291957 (G > A), located -91 bp from the mature miR-143 sequence, as the nearest genetic variation to this miRNA cluster, with a minor allele frequency > 10%. In silico and in vitro approaches determined that rs41291957 (A) upregulates miR-143 and miR-145, modulating phenotypic switching of vascular smooth cells towards a differentiated/contractile phenotype. Finally, we analysed association between rs41291957 and CAD in two cohorts of patients, finding that the SNP was a protective factor. In conclusion, our study links a genetic variation to a pathological outcome through involvement of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernando Hall
- Humanitas Research Hospital‐IRCCSRozzanoItaly
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical ResearchNational Research CouncilRozzanoItaly
| | | | | | - Laura Papa
- Humanitas Research Hospital‐IRCCSRozzanoItaly
| | - Vinicius Tragante
- Department of CardiologyDivision Heart and LungsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Luca Lambroia
- Humanitas Research Hospital‐IRCCSRozzanoItaly
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Floriana Maria Farina
- Humanitas Research Hospital‐IRCCSRozzanoItaly
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK)Ludwig‐Maximillians‐Universität (LMU) MünchenMunichGermany
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- V Department of MedicineMedical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Winfried März
- V Department of MedicineMedical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
- SYNLAB AcademySYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbHAugsburg and MannheimGermany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory DiagnosticsMedical University GrazGrazAustria
| | - Carlo Biguori
- Interventional Cardiology UnitMediterranea CardiocentroNaplesItaly
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Humanitas Research Hospital‐IRCCSRozzanoItaly
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical ResearchNational Research CouncilRozzanoItaly
- Department of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas UniversityPieve EmanueleItaly
| | - Leonardo Elia
- Humanitas Research Hospital‐IRCCSRozzanoItaly
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
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19
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Sivaraman S, Hedrick J, Ismail S, Slavin C, Rao RR. Generation and Characterization of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910335. [PMID: 34638675 PMCID: PMC8508589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. A completely autologous treatment can be achieved by using elastogenic mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived smooth muscle cells (SMC) at the affected tissue site of vascular diseases such as abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Thus, our work focused on evaluating the efficacy of (a) the combination of various growth factors, (b) different time periods and (c) different MSC lines to determine the treatment combination that generated SMCs that exhibited the greatest elastogenicity among the tested groups using Western blotting and flow cytometry. Additionally, total RNA sequencing was used to confirm that post-differentiation cells were upregulating SMC-specific gene markers. Results indicated that MSCs cultured for four days in PDGF + TGFβ1 (PT)-infused differentiation medium showed significant increases in SMC markers and decreases in MSC markers compared to MSCs cultured without differentiation factors. RNA Seq analysis confirmed the presence of vascular smooth muscle formation in MSCs differentiated in PT medium over a seven-day period. Overall, our results indicated that origin, growth factor treatment and culture period played a major role in influencing MSC differentiation to SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Raj R. Rao
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(479)-575-8610
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20
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Maternal High-Fat Diet Promotes Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Expansion in Adult Offspring by Epigenetic Regulation of IRF8-Mediated Osteoclast-like Macrophage Differentiation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092224. [PMID: 34571873 PMCID: PMC8466477 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) modulates vascular remodeling in adult offspring. Here, we investigated the impact of maternal HFD on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. Female wild-type mice were fed an HFD or normal diet (ND). AAA was induced in eight-week-old pups using calcium chloride. Male offspring of HFD-fed dams (O-HFD) showed a significant enlargement in AAA compared with the offspring of ND-fed dams (O-ND). Positive-staining cells for tartrate-resistant acid phosphate (TRAP) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity were significantly increased in O-HFD. The pharmacological inhibition of osteoclastogenesis abolished the exaggerated AAA development in O-HFD. The in vitro tumor necrosis factor-α-induced osteoclast-like differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages showed a higher number of TRAP-positive cells and osteoclast-specific gene expressions in O-HFD. Consistent with an increased expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) in O-HFD, the nuclear protein expression of interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), a transcriptional repressor, were much lower, with significantly increased H3K27me3 marks at the promoter region. The enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitor treatment restored IRF8 expression, resulting in no difference in NFATc1 and TRAP expressions between the two groups. Our findings demonstrate that maternal HFD augments AAA expansion, accompanied by exaggerated osteoclast-like macrophage accumulation, suggesting the possibility of macrophage skewing via epigenetic reprogramming.
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21
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miR-126 contributes to the epigenetic signature of diabetic vascular smooth muscle and enhances antirestenosis effects of Kv1.3 blockers. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101306. [PMID: 34298200 PMCID: PMC8363881 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Restenosis after vessel angioplasty due to dedifferentiation of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) limits the success of surgical treatment of vascular occlusions. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has a major impact on restenosis, with patients exhibiting more aggressive forms of vascular disease and poorer outcomes after surgery. Kv1.3 channels are critical players in VSMC proliferation. Kv1.3 blockers inhibit VSMCs MEK/ERK signalling and prevent vessel restenosis. We hypothesize that dysregulation of microRNAs (miR) play critical roles in adverse remodelling, contributing to Kv1.3 blockers efficacy in T2DM VSMCs. Methods and results We used clinically relevant in vivo models of vascular risk factors (VRF) and vessels and VSMCs from T2DM patients. Resukts Human T2DM vessels showed increased remodelling, and changes persisted in culture, with augmented VSMCs migration and proliferation. Moreover, there were downregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and upregulation of MEK/ERK pathways, with increased miR-126 expression. The inhibitory effects of Kv1.3 blockers on remodelling were significantly enhanced in T2DM VSMCs and in VRF model. Finally, miR-126 overexpression confered “diabetic” phenotype to non-T2DM VSMCs by downregulating PI3K/AKT axis. Conclusions miR-126 plays crucial roles in T2DM VSMC metabolic memory through activation of MEK/ERK pathway, enhancing the efficacy of Kv1.3 blockers in the prevention of restenosis in T2DM patients. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) vessels show exacerbated remodeling in organ culture and increased Kv1.3 expression. The inhibition of vessel remodeling with Kv1.3 blockers is increased in T2DM vessels. VSMCs from T2DM patients retain epigenetic changes in primary cultures. Upregulation of miR-126 contributes to the metabolic memory of T2DM VSMCs. Upregulation of miR-126 potentiates Kv1.3-dependent mechanisms in T2DM VSMCs.
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22
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Yang X, Wang L, Zhang Z, Hu J, Liu X, Wen H, Liu M, Zhang X, Dai H, Ni M, Li R, Guo R, Zhang L, Luan X, Lin H, Dong M, Lu H. Ginsenoside Rb 1 Enhances Plaque Stability and Inhibits Adventitial Vasa Vasorum via the Modulation of miR-33 and PEDF. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:654670. [PMID: 34124194 PMCID: PMC8192703 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.654670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis is closely associated with proliferation of the adventitial vasa vasorum, leading to the atherosclerotic plaque progression and vulnerability. In this report, we investigated the role of Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) on atherosclerotic plaque stabilization and adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) along with the mechanisms involved. Methods and Results: Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 20 weeks, and then Ginsenoside Rb1 (50 mg/kg/d, intraperitoneal) was given for 4 weeks. Rb1 treatment significantly inhibited adventitial VV proliferation, alleviated inflammation, decreased plaque burden, and stabilized atherosclerotic plaques in apoE-/- mice. However, the beneficial effects of Rb1 on atherosclerotic lesion was attenuated by overexpression of miR-33. The analysis from atherosclerotic plaque revealed that Rb1 treatment could result in an induction of Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) expression and reduction of the miR-33 generation. Overexpression of miR-33 significantly reverted the Rb1-mediated elevation of PEDF and anti-angiogenic effect. Conclusions: Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates plaque growth and enhances plaque stability partially through inhibiting adventitial vasa vasorum proliferation and inflammation in apoE-/- mice. The anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammation effects of Rb1 are exerted via the modulation of miR-33 and its target gene PEDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiayi Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Minghao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyan Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaorong Luan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huili Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Mei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huixia Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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23
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Extracellular vesicles are involved in oxidative stress and mitochondrial homeostasis in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:1028-1029. [PMID: 34017092 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Guo Z, Mo Z. Regulation of endothelial cell differentiation in embryonic vascular development and its therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases. Life Sci 2021; 276:119406. [PMID: 33785330 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During vertebrate development, the cardiovascular system begins operating earlier than any other organ in the embryo. Endothelial cell (EC) forms the inner lining of blood vessels, and its extensive proliferation and migration are requisite for vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Many aspects of cellular biology are involved in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, including the tip versus stalk cell specification. Recently, epigenetics has attracted growing attention in regulating embryonic vascular development and controlling EC differentiation. Some proteins that regulate chromatin structure have been shown to be directly implicated in human cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, the roles of important EC signaling such as vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors, angiopoietin-1 and tyrosine kinase containing immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domain-2, and transforming growth factor-β in EC differentiation during embryonic vasculature development are briefly discussed in this review. Recently, the transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-ECs are promising approaches for the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction. Patient-specific iPSC-derived EC is a potential new target to study differences in gene expression or response to drugs. However, clinical application of the iPSC-ECs in regenerative medicine is often limited by the challenges of maintaining cell viability and function. Therefore, novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying EC differentiation might provide a better understanding of embryonic vascular development and bring out more effective EC-based therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaohui Mo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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25
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Yang X, Yang Y, Guo J, Meng Y, Li M, Yang P, Liu X, Aung LHH, Yu T, Li Y. Targeting the epigenome in in-stent restenosis: from mechanisms to therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 23:1136-1160. [PMID: 33664994 PMCID: PMC7896131 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. The introduction of percutaneous revascularization has revolutionized the therapy of patients with CAD. Despite the advent of drug-eluting stents, restenosis remains the main challenge in treating patients with CAD. In-stent restenosis (ISR) indicates the reduction in lumen diameter after percutaneous coronary intervention, in which the vessel's lumen re-narrowing is attributed to the aberrant proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and dysregulation of endothelial cells (ECs). Increasing evidence has demonstrated that epigenetics is involved in the occurrence and progression of ISR. In this review, we provide the latest and comprehensive analysis of three separate but related epigenetic mechanisms regulating ISR, namely, DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs. Initially, we discuss the mechanism of restenosis. Furthermore, we discuss the biological mechanism underlying the diverse epigenetic modifications modulating gene expression and functions of VSMCs, as well as ECs in ISR. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets of the small molecule inhibitors of cardiovascular epigenetic factors. A more detailed understanding of epigenetic regulation is essential for elucidating this complex biological process, which will assist in developing and improving ISR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjie Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Panyu Yang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lynn Htet Htet Aung
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests the growing importance of "nongenetic factors" in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Indeed, the inherited genome determines only part of the risk profile as genomic approaches do not take into account additional layers of biological regulation by "epi"-genetic changes. Epigenetic modifications are defined as plastic chemical changes of DNA/histone complexes which critically affect gene activity without altering the DNA sequence. These modifications include DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and non-coding RNAs and have the ability to modulate gene expression at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. Notably, epigenetic signals are mainly induced by environmental factors (i.e., pollution, smoking, noise) and, once acquired, may be transmitted to the offspring. The inheritance of adverse epigenetic changes may lead to premature deregulation of pathways involved in vascular damage and endothelial dysfunction. Here, we describe the emerging role of epigenetic modifications as fine-tuners of gene transcription in atherosclerosis. Specifically, the following aspects are described in detail: (1) discovery and impact of the epigenome in cardiovascular disease, (2) the epigenetic landscape in atherosclerosis; (3) inheritance of epigenetic signals and premature vascular disease; (4) epigenetic control of lipid metabolism, vascular oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis; (5) epigenetic biomarkers in patients with atherosclerosis; (6) novel therapeutic strategies to modulate epigenetic marks. Understanding the individual epigenetic profile may pave the way for new approaches to determine cardiovascular risk and to develop personalized therapies to treat atherosclerosis and its complications.
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27
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Yang J, Yu Q, Xu Z, Zheng N, Zhong J, Li J, Liu Y, Xu H, Su J, Ji L, Chen X. Clopidogrel Resistance Is Associated With DNA Methylation of Genes From Whole Blood of Humans. Front Genet 2021; 11:583215. [PMID: 33519892 PMCID: PMC7844369 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.583215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiplatelet therapy has become a cornerstone in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, due to high-residual-platelet-reactivity, clopidogrel resistance (CR) is a common phenomenon, and it is rarely known about the relationship between CR and epigenetic changes. This study compared the whole genomic methylation patterns of blood samples from patients with CR (n = 6) and non-CR (n = 6) with the Human Methylation 850K BeadChip assay. We explored differentially methylated CpG sites, genes, and pathways using bioinformatics profiling. The CR and control groups showed significantly different DNA methylation at 7,098 sites, with 979 sites showing hypermethylation and 6,119 sites showing hypomethylation. The pyrosequencing method was used to validate four differentially methylated CpG loci (cg23371584, cg15971518, cg04481923, cg22507406), confirming that DNA methylation was associated with the risk of CR (30 CR vs. 30 non-CR). The relative mRNA expression of the four genes (BTG2, PRG2, VTRNA2-1, PER3) corresponding to the loci above was also associated with CR, suggesting that alterations in DNA methylation may affect the expression of these four genes, eventually resulting in CR. Additionally, differentially methylated sites are partially related to genes and pathways that play key roles in process of circadian entrainment, insulin secretion, and so on. Hence, the mechanism and biological regulation of CR might be reflected through these epigenetic alterations, but future research will need to address the causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qinglin Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhifeng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhenhai People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiyi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yuyao People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Yuyao, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Key Laboratory, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongyu Xu
- Department of Gerontology, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jia Su
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Lindan Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo No. 1 Hospital, Ningbo, China
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28
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Caliri AW, Tommasi S, Besaratinia A. Relationships among smoking, oxidative stress, inflammation, macromolecular damage, and cancer. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 787:108365. [PMID: 34083039 PMCID: PMC8287787 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases, including cancer and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Tobacco smoke contains a mixture of chemicals, including a host of reactive oxygen- and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), among others, that can damage cellular and sub-cellular targets, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. A growing body of evidence supports a key role for smoking-induced ROS and the resulting oxidative stress in inflammation and carcinogenesis. This comprehensive and up-to-date review covers four interrelated topics, including 'smoking', 'oxidative stress', 'inflammation', and 'cancer'. The review discusses each of the four topics, while exploring the intersections among the topics by highlighting the macromolecular damage attributable to ROS. Specifically, oxidative damage to macromolecular targets, such as lipid peroxidation, post-translational modification of proteins, and DNA adduction, as well as enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms, and the multi-faceted repair pathways of oxidized lesions are described. Also discussed are the biological consequences of oxidative damage to macromolecules if they evade the defense mechanisms and/or are not repaired properly or in time. Emphasis is placed on the genetic- and epigenetic alterations that may lead to transcriptional deregulation of functionally-important genes and disruption of regulatory elements. Smoking-associated oxidative stress also activates the inflammatory response pathway, which triggers a cascade of events of which ROS production is an initial yet indispensable step. The release of ROS at the site of damage and inflammation helps combat foreign pathogens and restores the injured tissue, while simultaneously increasing the burden of oxidative stress. This creates a vicious cycle in which smoking-related oxidative stress causes inflammation, which in turn, results in further generation of ROS, and potentially increased oxidative damage to macromolecular targets that may lead to cancer initiation and/or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Caliri
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Stella Tommasi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ahmad Besaratinia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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29
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Epigenetic Targets for Oligonucleotide Therapies of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239222. [PMID: 33287230 PMCID: PMC7731052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial wall remodeling underlies increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right heart failure in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). None of the established vasodilator drug therapies for PAH prevents or reverse established arterial wall thickening, stiffening, and hypercontractility. Therefore, new approaches are needed to achieve long-acting prevention and reversal of occlusive pulmonary vascular remodeling. Several promising new drug classes are emerging from a better understanding of pulmonary vascular gene expression programs. In this review, potential epigenetic targets for small molecules and oligonucleotides will be described. Most are in preclinical studies aimed at modifying the growth of vascular wall cells in vitro or normalizing vascular remodeling in PAH animal models. Initial success with lung-directed delivery of oligonucleotides targeting microRNAs suggests other epigenetic mechanisms might also be suitable drug targets. Those targets include DNA methylation, proteins of the chromatin remodeling machinery, and long noncoding RNAs, all of which act as epigenetic regulators of vascular wall structure and function. The progress in testing small molecules and oligonucleotide-based drugs in PAH models is summarized.
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30
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Micheu MM, Birsan MV, Szép R, Keresztesi Á, Nita IA. From air pollution to cardiovascular diseases: the emerging role of epigenetics. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5559-5567. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Green HLH, Brewer AC. Dysregulation of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases by hyperglycaemia: does this link diabetes and vascular disease? Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:59. [PMID: 32345373 PMCID: PMC7189706 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical, social and economic burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with diabetes underscores an urgency for understanding the disease aetiology. Evidence suggests that the hyperglycaemia associated with diabetes is, of itself, causal in the development of endothelial dysfunction (ED) which is recognised to be the critical determinant in the development of CVD. It is further recognised that epigenetic modifications associated with changes in gene expression are causal in both the initiation of ED and the progression to CVD. Understanding whether and how hyperglycaemia induces epigenetic modifications therefore seems crucial in the development of preventative treatments. A mechanistic link between energy metabolism and epigenetic regulation is increasingly becoming explored as key energy metabolites typically serve as substrates or co-factors for epigenetic modifying enzymes. Intriguing examples are the ten-eleven translocation and Jumonji C proteins which facilitate the demethylation of DNA and histones respectively. These are members of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase superfamily which require the tricarboxylic acid metabolite, α-ketoglutarate and molecular oxygen (O2) as substrates and Fe (II) as a co-factor. An understanding of precisely how the biochemical effects of high glucose exposure impact upon cellular metabolism, O2 availability and cellular redox in endothelial cells (ECs) may therefore elucidate (in part) the mechanistic link between hyperglycaemia and epigenetic modifications causal in ED and CVD. It would also provide significant proof of concept that dysregulation of the epigenetic landscape may be causal rather than consequential in the development of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L H Green
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK
| | - Alison C Brewer
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK.
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32
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Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms involve the placing (writing) or removal (erasing) of histone modifications that allow heterochromatin to transition to the open, activated euchromatin state necessary for transcription. A third, less studied epigenetic pathway involves the reading of these specific histone marks once placed. The BETs (bromodomain and extraterminal-containing protein family), which includes BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 and the testis-restricted BRDT, are epigenetic reader proteins that bind to specific acetylated lysine residues on histone tails where they facilitate the assembly of transcription complexes including transcription factors and transcriptional machinery like RNA Polymerase II. As reviewed here, considerable recent data establishes BETs as novel determinants of induced transcriptional programs in vascular cells, like endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiac myocytes and inflammatory cells, like monocyte/macrophages, cellular settings where these epigenetic reader proteins couple proximal stimuli to chromatin, acting at super-enhancer regulatory regions to direct gene expression. BET inhibition, including the use of specific chemical BET inhibitors like JQ-1, has many reported effects in vivo in the cardiovascular setting, like decreasing atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, intimal hyperplasia, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy. At the same time, data in endothelial cells, adipocytes, and elsewhere suggest BETs also help regulate gene expression under basal conditions. Studies in the cardiovascular setting have highlighted BET action as a means of controlling gene expression in differentiation, cell identity, and cell state transitions, whether physiological or pathological, adaptive, or maladaptive. While distinct BET inhibitors are being pursued as therapies in oncology, a large prospective clinical cardiovascular outcome study investigating the BET inhibitor RVX-208 (now called apabetalone) has already been completed. Independent of this specific agent and this one trial or the numerous unanswered questions that remain, BETs have emerged as novel epigenetic players involved in the execution of coordinated transcriptional programs in cardiovascular health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cristine Borck
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.C.B., J.P.)
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Davis Heart and Lung Institute, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus (L.-W.G.)
| | - Jorge Plutzky
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.C.B., J.P.)
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33
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Mohammed SA, Ambrosini S, Lüscher T, Paneni F, Costantino S. Epigenetic Control of Mitochondrial Function in the Vasculature. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:28. [PMID: 32195271 PMCID: PMC7064473 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular signatures of epigenetic regulation and chromatin architecture are emerging as pivotal regulators of mitochondrial function. Recent studies unveiled a complex intersection among environmental factors, epigenetic signals, and mitochondrial metabolism, ultimately leading to alterations of vascular phenotype and increased cardiovascular risk. Changing environmental conditions over the lifetime induce covalent and post-translational chemical modification of the chromatin template which sensitize the genome to establish new transcriptional programs and, hence, diverse functional states. On the other hand, metabolic alterations occurring in mitochondria affect the availability of substrates for chromatin-modifying enzymes, thus leading to maladaptive epigenetic signatures altering chromatin accessibility and gene transcription. Indeed, several components of the epigenetic machinery require intermediates of cellular metabolism (ATP, AcCoA, NADH, α-ketoglutarate) for enzymatic function. In the present review, we describe the emerging role of epigenetic modifications as fine tuners of gene transcription in mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular disease. Specifically, the following aspects are described in detail: (i) mitochondria and vascular function, (ii) mitochondrial ROS, (iii) epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial function; (iv) the role of mitochondrial metabolites as key effectors for chromatin-modifying enzymes; (v) epigenetic therapies. Understanding epigenetic routes may pave the way for new approaches to develop personalized therapies to prevent mitochondrial insufficiency and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Ambrosini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Research, Education and Development, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Mangum KD, Farber MA. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Clin Genet 2020; 97:815-826. [PMID: 31957007 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are focal dilations of the aorta that develop from degenerative changes in the media and adventitia of the vessel. Ruptured AAAs have a mortality of up to 85%, thus it is important to identify patients with AAA at increased risk for rupture who would benefit from increased surveillance and/or surgical repair. Although the exact genetic and epigenetic mechanisms regulating AAA formation are not completely understood, Mendelian cases of AAA, which result from pathologic variants in a single gene, have helped provide a basic understanding of AAA pathophysiology. More recently, genome wide associated studies (GWAS) have identified additional variants, termed single nucleotide polymorphisms, in humans that may be associated with AAAs. While some variants may be associated with AAAs and play causal roles in aneurysm pathogenesis, it should be emphasized that the majority of SNPs do not actually cause disease. In addition to GWAS, other studies have uncovered epigenetic causes of disease that regulate expression of genes known to be important in AAA pathogenesis. This review describes many of these genetic and epigenetic contributors of AAAs, which altogether provide a deeper insight into AAA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Mangum
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mark A Farber
- Division of Vascular Surgery, UNC Department of Surgery, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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