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Pan T, Yang B, Yao S, Wang R, Zhu Y. Exploring the multifaceted role of adenosine nucleotide translocase 2 in cellular and disease processes: A comprehensive review. Life Sci 2024; 351:122802. [PMID: 38857656 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Adenosine nucleotide translocases (ANTs) are a family of proteins abundant in the inner mitochondrial membrane, primarily responsible for shuttling ADP and ATP across the mitochondrial membrane. Additionally, ANTs are key players in balancing mitochondrial energy metabolism and regulating cell death. ANT2 isoform, highly expressed in undifferentiated and proliferating cells, is implicated in the development and drug resistance of various tumors. We conduct a detailed analysis of the potential mechanisms by which ANT2 may influence tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Notably, the significance of ANT2 extends beyond oncology, with roles in non-tumor cell processes including blood cell development, gastrointestinal motility, airway hydration, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and myocardial development, making it a promising therapeutic target for multiple pathologies. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of ANT2, this review summarizes the structural properties, expression patterns, and basic functions of the ANT2 protein. In particular, we review and analyze the controversy surrounding ANT2, focusing on its role in transporting ADP/ATP across the inner mitochondrial membrane, its involvement in the composition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and its participation in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Pan
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, PR China
| | - Bin Yang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, PR China
| | - Sheng Yao
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, PR China
| | - Yongliang Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, PR China.
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2
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Roman B, Mastoor Y, Sun J, Villanueva HC, Hinojosa G, Springer D, Liu JC, Murphy E. MICU3 Regulates Mitochondrial Calcium and Cardiac Hypertrophy. Circ Res 2024; 135:26-40. [PMID: 38747181 PMCID: PMC11189743 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.324026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium (Ca2+) uptake by mitochondria occurs via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter exists as a complex, regulated by 3 MICU (mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake) proteins localized in the intermembrane space: MICU1, MICU2, and MICU3. Although MICU3 is present in the heart, its role is largely unknown. METHODS We used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate a mouse with global deletion of MICU3 and an adeno-associated virus (AAV9) to overexpress MICU3 in wild-type mice. We examined the role of MICU3 in regulating mitochondrial calcium ([Ca2+]m) in ex vivo hearts using an optical method following adrenergic stimulation in perfused hearts loaded with a Ca2+-sensitive fluorophore. Additionally, we studied how deletion and overexpression of MICU3, respectively, impact cardiac function in vivo by echocardiography and the molecular composition of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex via Western blot, immunoprecipitation, and Blue native-PAGE analysis. Finally, we measured MICU3 expression in failing human hearts. RESULTS MICU3 knock out hearts and cardiomyocytes exhibited a significantly smaller increase in [Ca2+]m than wild-type hearts following acute isoproterenol infusion. In contrast, heart with overexpression of MICU3 exhibited an enhanced increase in [Ca2+]m compared with control hearts. Echocardiography analysis showed no significant difference in cardiac function in knock out MICU3 mice relative to wild-type mice at baseline. However, mice with overexpression of MICU3 exhibited significantly reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening compared with control mice. We observed a significant increase in the ratio of heart weight to tibia length in hearts with overexpression of MICU3 compared with controls, consistent with hypertrophy. We also found a significant decrease in MICU3 protein and expression in failing human hearts. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that increased and decreased expression of MICU3 enhances and reduces, respectively, the uptake of [Ca2+]m in the heart. We conclude that MICU3 plays an important role in regulating [Ca2+]m physiologically, and overexpression of MICU3 is sufficient to induce cardiac hypertrophy, making MICU3 a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Roman
- Cardiac Physiology Lab NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yusuf Mastoor
- Cardiac Physiology Lab NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Junhui Sun
- Cardiac Physiology Lab NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hector Chapoy Villanueva
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | - Julia C. Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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3
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Feng S, Xing Y, Wang T, Huang N, Li K, Zhang A. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis identifies SLC25A4 as a key predictor of prognosis in osteosarcoma. Front Genet 2024; 15:1410145. [PMID: 38957810 PMCID: PMC11217516 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1410145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is highly malignant and prone to local infiltration and distant metastasis. Due to the poor outcomes of OS patients, the study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OS and explore their role in the carcinogenesis and progression of OS. Methods RNA sequencing was performed to identify DEGs in OS. The functions of the DEGs in OS were investigated using bioinformatics analysis, and DEG expression was verified using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The role of SLC25A4 was evaluated using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and then investigated using functional assays in OS cells. Results In all, 8353 DEGs were screened. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated these DEGs showed strong enrichment in the calcium signaling pathway and pathways in cancer. Moreover, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed ten hub genes were related to the outcomes of OS patients. Both SLC25A4 transcript and protein expression were significantly reduced in OS, and GSEA suggested that SLC25A4 was associated with cell cycle, apoptosis and inflammation. SLC25A4-overexpressing OS cells exhibited suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion and enhanced apoptosis. Conclusion SLC25A4 was found to be significantly downregulated in OS patients, which was associated with poor prognosis. Modulation of SLC25A4 expression levels may be beneficial in OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaojie Feng
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanxin Xing
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Nana Huang
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ka Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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4
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Bakhtina AA, Wippel HH, Chavez JD, Bruce JE. Combining quantitative proteomics and interactomics for a deeper insight into molecular differences between human cell lines. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.598691. [PMID: 38915502 PMCID: PMC11195184 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.598691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Cellular functional pathways have evolved through selection based on fitness benefits conferred through protein intra- and inter-molecular interactions that comprise all protein conformational features and protein-protein interactions, collectively referred to as the interactome. While the interactome is regulated by proteome levels, it is also regulated independently by, post translational modification, co-factor, and ligand levels, as well as local protein environmental factors, such as osmolyte concentration, pH, ionic strength, temperature and others. In modern biomedical research, cultivatable cell lines have become an indispensable tool, with selection of optimal cell lines that exhibit specific functional profiles being critical for success in many cases. While it is clear that cell lines derived from different cell types have differential proteome levels, increased understanding of large-scale functional differences requires additional information beyond abundance level measurements, including how protein conformations and interactions are altered in certain cell types to shape functional landscapes. Here, we employed quantitative in vivo protein cross-linking coupled to mass spectrometry to probe large-scale protein conformational and interaction changes among three commonly employed human cell lines, HEK293, MCF-7, and HeLa cells. Isobaric quantitative Protein Interaction Reporter (iqPIR) technologies were used to obtain quantitative values of cross-linked peptides across three cell lines. These data illustrated highly reproducible (R2 values larger than 0.8 for all biological replicates) quantitative interactome levels across multiple biological replicates. We also measured protein abundance levels in these cells using data independent acquisition quantitative proteomics methods. Combining quantitative interactome and proteomics information allowed visualization of cell type-specific interactome changes mediated by proteome level adaptations as well as independently regulated interactome changes to gain deeper insight into possible drivers of these changes. Among the biggest detected alterations in protein interactions and conformations are changes in cytoskeletal proteins, RNA-binding proteins, chromatin remodeling complexes, mitochondrial proteins, and others. Overall, these data demonstrate the utility and reproducibility of quantitative cross-linking to study systems-level interactome variations. Moreover, these results illustrate how combined quantitative interactomics and proteomics can provide unique insight on cellular functional landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Bakhtina
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Helisa H. Wippel
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Juan D. Chavez
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James E. Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Stein CS, Zhang X, Witmer NH, Pennington ER, Shaikh SR, Boudreau RL. Mitoregulin supports mitochondrial membrane integrity and protects against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.31.596875. [PMID: 38853979 PMCID: PMC11160723 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.31.596875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
We and others discovered a highly-conserved mitochondrial transmembrane microprotein, named Mitoregulin (Mtln), that supports lipid metabolism. We reported that Mtln strongly binds cardiolipin (CL), increases mitochondrial respiration and Ca 2+ retention capacities, and reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we extend our observation of Mtln-CL binding and examine Mtln influence on cristae structure and mitochondrial membrane integrity during stress. We demonstrate that mitochondria from constitutive- and inducible Mtln-knockout (KO) mice are susceptible to membrane freeze-damage and that this can be rescued by acute Mtln re-expression. In mitochondrial-simulated lipid monolayers, we show that synthetic Mtln decreases lipid packing and monolayer elasticity. Lipidomics revealed that Mtln-KO heart tissues show broad decreases in 22:6-containing lipids and increased cardiolipin damage/remodeling. Lastly, we demonstrate that Mtln-KO mice suffer worse myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, hinting at a translationally-relevant role for Mtln in cardioprotection. Our work supports a model in which Mtln binds cardiolipin and stabilizes mitochondrial membranes to broadly influence diverse mitochondrial functions, including lipid metabolism, while also protecting against stress.
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Mendoza A, Patel P, Robichaux D, Ramirez D, Karch J. Inhibition of the mPTP and Lipid Peroxidation Is Additively Protective Against I/R Injury. Circ Res 2024; 134:1292-1305. [PMID: 38618716 PMCID: PMC11081482 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, high levels of matrix Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), which causes mitochondrial dysfunction and ultimately necrotic death. However, the mechanisms of how these triggers individually or cooperatively open the pore have yet to be determined. METHODS Here, we use a combination of isolated mitochondrial assays and in vivo I/R surgery in mice. We challenged isolated liver and heart mitochondria with Ca2+, ROS, and Fe2+ to induce mitochondrial swelling. Using inhibitors of the mPTP (cyclosporine A or ADP) lipid peroxidation (ferrostatin-1, MitoQ), we determined how the triggers elicit mitochondrial damage. Additionally, we used the combination of inhibitors during I/R injury in mice to determine if dual inhibition of these pathways is additivity protective. RESULTS In the absence of Ca2+, we determined that ROS fails to trigger mPTP opening. Instead, high levels of ROS induce mitochondrial dysfunction and rupture independently of the mPTP through lipid peroxidation. As expected, Ca2+ in the absence of ROS induces mPTP-dependent mitochondrial swelling. Subtoxic levels of ROS and Ca2+ synergize to induce mPTP opening. Furthermore, this synergistic form of Ca2+- and ROS-induced mPTP opening persists in the absence of CypD (cyclophilin D), suggesting the existence of a CypD-independent mechanism for ROS sensitization of the mPTP. These ex vivo findings suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may be achieved by multiple means during I/R injury. We determined that dual inhibition of the mPTP and lipid peroxidation is significantly more protective against I/R injury than individually targeting either pathway alone. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we have investigated the relationship between Ca2+ and ROS, and how they individually or synergistically induce mitochondrial swelling. Our findings suggest that Ca2+ mediates mitochondrial damage through the opening of the mPTP, although ROS mediates its damaging effects through lipid peroxidation. However, subtoxic levels both Ca2+ and ROS can induce mPTP-mediated mitochondrial damage. Targeting both of these triggers to preserve mitochondria viability unveils a highly effective therapeutic approach for mitigating I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielys Mendoza
- Department of Integrative Physiology (A.M., P.P., D.R., D.R., J.K.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
| | - Pooja Patel
- Department of Integrative Physiology (A.M., P.P., D.R., D.R., J.K.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
| | - Dexter Robichaux
- Department of Integrative Physiology (A.M., P.P., D.R., D.R., J.K.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
| | - Daniel Ramirez
- Department of Integrative Physiology (A.M., P.P., D.R., D.R., J.K.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Integrative Physiology (A.M., P.P., D.R., D.R., J.K.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
- the Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.K.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
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7
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Jo S, Jeon J, Park G, Do HK, Kang J, Ahn KJ, Ma SY, Choi YM, Kim D, Youn B, Ki Y. Aerobic Exercise Improves Radiation Therapy Efficacy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Preclinical Study Using a Xenograft Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2757. [PMID: 38474004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The "oxygen effect" improves radiation efficacy; thus, tumor cell oxygen concentration is a crucial factor for improving lung cancer treatment. In the current study, we aimed to identify aerobic exercise-induced changes in oxygen concentrations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. To this end, an NSCLC xenograft mouse model was established using human A549 cells. Animals were subsequently subjected to aerobic exercise and radiation three times per week for 2 weeks. Aerobic exercise was performed at a speed of 8.0 m/m for 30 min, and the tumor was irradiated with 2 Gy of 6 MV X-rays (total radiation dose 12 Gy). Combined aerobic exercise and radiation reduced NSCLC cell growth. In addition, the positive effect of aerobic exercise on radiation efficacy through oxygenation of tumor cells was confirmed based on hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and carbonic anhydrase IX expression. Finally, whole-transcriptome analysis revealed the key factors that induce oxygenation in NSCLC cells when aerobic exercise was combined with radiation. Taken together, these results indicate that aerobic exercise improves the effectiveness of radiation in the treatment of NSCLC. This preclinical study provides a basis for the clinical application of aerobic exercise to patients with NSCLC undergoing radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmi Jo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan 48108, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewan Jeon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan 48108, Republic of Korea
| | - Geumju Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan 48108, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Kwon Do
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan 48108, Republic of Korea
| | - JiHoon Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ki Jung Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan 48108, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongkan Ki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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Arruebarrena MA, Hawe CT, Lee YM, Branco RC. Mechanisms of Cadmium Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16558. [PMID: 38068881 PMCID: PMC10706630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a heavy metal that increasingly contaminates food and drink products. Once ingested, cadmium exerts toxic effects that pose a significant threat to human health. The nervous system is particularly vulnerable to prolonged, low-dose cadmium exposure. This review article provides an overview of cadmium's primary mechanisms of neurotoxicity. Cadmium gains entry into the nervous system via zinc and calcium transporters, altering the homeostasis for these metal ions. Once within the nervous system, cadmium disrupts mitochondrial respiration by decreasing ATP synthesis and increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Cadmium also impairs normal neurotransmission by increasing neurotransmitter release asynchronicity and disrupting neurotransmitter signaling proteins. Cadmium furthermore impairs the blood-brain barrier and alters the regulation of glycogen metabolism. Together, these mechanisms represent multiple sites of biochemical perturbation that result in cumulative nervous system damage which can increase the risk for neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the way by which cadmium exerts its effects is critical for developing effective treatment and prevention strategies against cadmium-induced neurotoxic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn A. Arruebarrena
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (M.A.A.); (Y.M.L.)
| | - Calvin T. Hawe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;
| | - Young Min Lee
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (M.A.A.); (Y.M.L.)
| | - Rachel C. Branco
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (M.A.A.); (Y.M.L.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;
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Casin KM, Bustamante M, Amanakis G, Sun J, Liu C, Kitsis RN, Murphy E. Loss of cyclophilin D prolyl isomerase activity desensitizes mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in isolated cardiac mitochondria, but does not protect in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 183:67-69. [PMID: 37696137 PMCID: PMC10809717 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Casin
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Moises Bustamante
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Georgios Amanakis
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Junhui Sun
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Deptartment of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Cell Biology and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Keller A, Tang X, Bruce JE. Integrated Analysis of Cross-Links and Dead-End Peptides for Enhanced Interpretation of Quantitative XL-MS. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:2900-2908. [PMID: 37552582 PMCID: PMC10866149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemical cross-linking with mass spectrometry provides low-resolution structural information on proteins in cells and tissues. Combined with quantitation, it can identify changes in the interactome between samples, for example, control and drug-treated cells or young and old mice. A difference can originate from protein conformational changes that alter the solvent-accessible distance separating the cross-linked residues. Alternatively, a difference can result from conformational changes localized to the cross-linked residues, for example, altering the solvent exposure or reactivity of those residues or post-translational modifications of the cross-linked peptides. In this manner, cross-linking is sensitive to a variety of protein conformational features. Dead-end peptides are cross-links attached only at one end to a protein with the other terminus being hydrolyzed. As a result, changes in their abundance reflect only conformational changes localized to the attached residue. For this reason, analyzing both quantified cross-links and their corresponding dead-end peptides can help elucidate the likely conformational changes giving rise to observed differences in cross-link abundance. We describe analysis of dead-end peptides in the XLinkDB public cross-link database and, with quantified mitochondrial data isolated from failing heart versus healthy mice, show how a comparison of abundance ratios between cross-links and their corresponding dead-end peptides can be leveraged to reveal possible conformational explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Keller
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105 ,United States
| | - Xiaoting Tang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105 ,United States
| | - James E Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105 ,United States
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11
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Bround MJ, Havens JR, York AJ, Sargent MA, Karch J, Molkentin JD. ANT-dependent MPTP underlies necrotic myofiber death in muscular dystrophy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi2767. [PMID: 37624892 PMCID: PMC10456852 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) formation contributes to ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart and several degenerative diseases, including muscular dystrophy (MD). MD is a family of genetic disorders characterized by progressive muscle necrosis and premature death. It has been proposed that the MPTP has two molecular components, the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) family of proteins and an unknown component that requires the chaperone cyclophilin D (CypD) to activate. This model was examined in vivo by deleting the gene encoding ANT1 (Slc25a4) or CypD (Ppif) in a δ-sarcoglycan (Sgcd) gene-deleted mouse model of MD, revealing that dystrophic mice lacking Slc25a4 were partially protected from cell death and MD pathology. Dystrophic mice lacking both Slc25a4 and Ppif together were almost completely protected from necrotic cell death and MD disease. This study provides direct evidence that ANT1 and CypD are required MPTP components governing in vivo cell death, suggesting a previously unrecognized therapeutic approach in MD and other necrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Bround
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Julian R. Havens
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Allen J. York
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle A. Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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12
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Bernardi P, Gerle C, Halestrap AP, Jonas EA, Karch J, Mnatsakanyan N, Pavlov E, Sheu SS, Soukas AA. Identity, structure, and function of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore: controversies, consensus, recent advances, and future directions. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1869-1885. [PMID: 37460667 PMCID: PMC10406888 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) describes a Ca2+-dependent and cyclophilin D (CypD)-facilitated increase of inner mitochondrial membrane permeability that allows diffusion of molecules up to 1.5 kDa in size. It is mediated by a non-selective channel, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Sustained mPTP opening causes mitochondrial swelling, which ruptures the outer mitochondrial membrane leading to subsequent apoptotic and necrotic cell death, and is implicated in a range of pathologies. However, transient mPTP opening at various sub-conductance states may contribute several physiological roles such as alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics and rapid Ca2+ efflux. Since its discovery decades ago, intensive efforts have been made to identify the exact pore-forming structure of the mPT. Both the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and, more recently, the mitochondrial F1FO (F)-ATP synthase dimers, monomers or c-subunit ring alone have been implicated. Here we share the insights of several key investigators with different perspectives who have pioneered mPT research. We critically assess proposed models for the molecular identity of the mPTP and the mechanisms underlying its opposing roles in the life and death of cells. We provide in-depth insights into current controversies, seeking to achieve a degree of consensus that will stimulate future innovative research into the nature and role of the mPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Christoph Gerle
- Laboratory of Protein Crystallography, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Andrew P Halestrap
- School of Biochemistry and Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nelli Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Evgeny Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Alexander A Soukas
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Chapa-Dubocq XR, Rodríguez-Graciani KM, Escobales N, Javadov S. Mitochondrial Volume Regulation and Swelling Mechanisms in Cardiomyocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1517. [PMID: 37627512 PMCID: PMC10451443 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrion, known as the "powerhouse" of the cell, regulates ion homeostasis, redox state, cell proliferation and differentiation, and lipid synthesis. The inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) controls mitochondrial metabolism and function. It possesses high levels of proteins that account for ~70% of the membrane mass and are involved in the electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, energy transfer, and ion transport, among others. The mitochondrial matrix volume plays a crucial role in IMM remodeling. Several ion transport mechanisms, particularly K+ and Ca2+, regulate matrix volume. Small increases in matrix volume through IMM alterations can activate mitochondrial respiration, whereas excessive swelling can impair the IMM topology and initiates mitochondria-mediated cell death. The opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, the well-characterized phenomenon with unknown molecular identity, in low- and high-conductance modes are involved in physiological and pathological increases of matrix volume. Despite extensive studies, the precise mechanisms underlying changes in matrix volume and IMM structural remodeling in response to energy and oxidative stressors remain unknown. This review summarizes and discusses previous studies on the mechanisms involved in regulating mitochondrial matrix volume, IMM remodeling, and the crosstalk between these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA; (X.R.C.-D.); (K.M.R.-G.); (N.E.)
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14
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Neginskaya MA, Morris SE, Pavlov EV. Refractive Index Imaging Reveals That Elimination of the ATP Synthase C Subunit Does Not Prevent the Adenine Nucleotide Translocase-Dependent Mitochondrial Permeability Transition. Cells 2023; 12:1950. [PMID: 37566029 PMCID: PMC10417283 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is a large, weakly selective pore that opens in the mitochondrial inner membrane in response to the pathological increase in matrix Ca2+ concentration. mPTP activation has been implicated as a key factor contributing to stress-induced necrotic and apoptotic cell death. The molecular identity of the mPTP is not completely understood. Both ATP synthase and adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) have been described as important components of the mPTP. Using a refractive index (RI) imaging approach, we recently demonstrated that the removal of either ATP synthase or ANT eliminates the Ca2+-induced mPTP in experiments with intact cells. These results suggest that mPTP formation relies on the interaction between ATP synthase and ANT protein complexes. To gain further insight into this process, we used RI imaging to investigate mPTP properties in cells with a genetically eliminated C subunit of ATP synthase. These cells also lack ATP6, ATP8, 6.8PL subunits and DAPIT but, importantly, have a vestigial ATP synthase complex with assembled F1 and peripheral stalk domains. We found that these cells can still undergo mPTP activation, which can be blocked by the ANT inhibitor bongkrekic acid. These results suggest that ANT can form the pore independently from the C subunit but still requires the presence of other components of ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Neginskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA; (S.E.M.); (E.V.P.)
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sally E. Morris
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA; (S.E.M.); (E.V.P.)
| | - Evgeny V. Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA; (S.E.M.); (E.V.P.)
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15
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Li S, Sheng ZH. Oligodendrocyte-derived transcellular signaling regulates axonal energy metabolism. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 80:102722. [PMID: 37028201 PMCID: PMC10225329 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The unique morphology and functionality of central nervous system (CNS) neurons necessitate specialized mechanisms to maintain energy metabolism throughout long axons and extensive terminals. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) enwrap CNS axons with myelin sheaths in a multilamellar fashion. Apart from their well-established function in action potential propagation, OLs also provide intercellular metabolic support to axons by transferring energy metabolites and delivering exosomes consisting of proteins, lipids, and RNAs. OL-derived metabolic support is crucial for the maintenance of axonal integrity; its dysfunction has emerged as an important player in neurological disorders that are associated with axonal energy deficits and degeneration. In this review, we discuss recent advances in how these transcellular signaling pathways maintain axonal energy metabolism in health and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunan Li
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA. https://twitter.com/@sunan_li
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3706, USA.
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16
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Keller A, Tang X, Bruce JE. Integrated Analysis of Cross-Links and Dead-End Peptides for Enhanced Interpretation of Quantitative XL-MS. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.26.542474. [PMID: 37398466 PMCID: PMC10312474 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
XL-MS provides low-resolution structural information of proteins in cells and tissues. Combined with quantitation, it can identify changes in the interactome between samples, for example, control and drug-treated cells, or young and old mice. A difference can originate from protein conformational changes altering the solvent-accessible distance separating the cross-linked residues. Alternatively, a difference can result from conformational changes localized to the cross-linked residues, for example, altering the solvent exposure or reactivity of those residues or post-translational modifications on the cross-linked peptides. In this manner, cross-linking is sensitive to a variety of protein conformational features. Dead-end peptides are cross-links attached only at one end to a protein, the other terminus being hydrolyzed. As a result, changes in their abundance reflect only conformational changes localized to the attached residue. For this reason, analyzing both quantified cross-links and their corresponding dead-end peptides can help elucidate the likely conformational changes giving rise to observed differences of cross-link abundance. We describe analysis of dead-end peptides in the XLinkDB public cross-link database and, with quantified mitochondrial data isolated from failing heart versus healthy mice, show how a comparison of abundance ratios between cross-links and their corresponding dead-end peptides can be leveraged to reveal possible conformational explanations.
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17
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Murphy E, Liu JC. Mitochondrial calcium and reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1105-1116. [PMID: 35986915 PMCID: PMC10411964 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are one of the most mitochondria-rich cell types in the body, with ∼30-40% of the cell volume being composed of mitochondria. Mitochondria are well established as the primary site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation in a beating cardiomyocyte, generating up to 90% of its ATP. Mitochondria have many functions in the cell, which could contribute to susceptibility to and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mitochondria are key players in cell metabolism, ATP production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell death. Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) plays a critical role in many of these pathways, and thus the dynamics of mitochondrial Ca2+ are important in regulating mitochondrial processes. Alterations in these varied and in many cases interrelated functions play an important role in CVD. This review will focus on the interrelationship of mitochondrial energetics, Ca2+, and ROS and their roles in CVD. Recent insights into the regulation and dysregulation of these pathways have led to some novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Murphy
- NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Julia C Liu
- NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD and Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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18
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Ji X, Chu L, Su D, Sun J, Song P, Sun S, Wang Y, Mu Q, Liu Y, Wan Q. MRPL12-ANT3 interaction involves in acute kidney injury via regulating MPTP of tubular epithelial cells. iScience 2023; 26:106656. [PMID: 37182101 PMCID: PMC10173734 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious disease with no effective treatment. Abnormal opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) is an important pathological process in ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), the key factor of AKI. It is essential to elucidate MPTP regulation mechanism. Here, we identified mitochondrial ribosomal protein L7/L12 (MRPL12) specifically binds to adenosine nucleotide translocase 3 (ANT3) under normal physiological conditions, stabilizes MPTP and maintains mitochondrial membrane homeostasis in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs). During AKI, MRPL12 expression was significantly decreased in TECs, and MRPL12-ANT3 interaction was reduced, leading to ANT3 conformation change, MPTP abnormal opening, and cell apoptosis. Importantly, MRPL12 overexpression protected TECs from MPTP abnormal opening and apoptosis during hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Our results suggest MRPL12-ANT3 axis involves in AKI by regulating MPTP, and MRPL12 could be potential intervention target for treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhao Ji
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Lingju Chu
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Dun Su
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Qian Mu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infections Respiratory Disease, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Qiang Wan
- Center of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism in Medical and Health of Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Corresponding author
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19
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Sokolova IM. Ectotherm mitochondrial economy and responses to global warming. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13950. [PMID: 36790303 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a key abiotic factor affecting ecology, biogeography, and evolution of species. Alterations of energy metabolism play an important role in adaptations and plastic responses to temperature shifts on different time scales. Mitochondrial metabolism affects cellular bioenergetics and redox balance making these organelles an important determinant of organismal performances such as growth, locomotion, or development. Here I analyze the impacts of environmental temperature on the mitochondrial functions (including oxidative phosphorylation, proton leak, production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), and ATP synthesis) of ectotherms and discuss the mechanisms underlying negative shifts in the mitochondrial energy economy caused by supraoptimal temperatures. Owing to the differences in the thermal sensitivity of different mitochondrial processes, elevated temperatures (beyond the species- and population-specific optimal range) cause reallocation of the electron flux and the protonmotive force (Δp) in a way that decreases ATP synthesis efficiency, elevates the relative cost of the mitochondrial maintenance, causes excessive production of ROS and raises energy cost for antioxidant defense. These shifts in the mitochondrial energy economy might have negative consequences for the organismal fitness traits such as the thermal tolerance or growth. Correlation between the thermal sensitivity indices of the mitochondria and the whole organism indicate that these traits experience similar selective pressures but further investigations are needed to establish whether there is a cause-effect relationship between the mitochondrial failure and loss of organismal performance during temperature change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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20
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Dumbali SP, Wenzel PL. Mitochondrial Permeability Transition in Stem Cells, Development, and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1409:1-22. [PMID: 35739412 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) is a process that permits rapid exchange of small molecules across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and thus plays a vital role in mitochondrial function and cellular signaling. Formation of the pore that mediates this flux is well-documented in injury and disease but its regulation has also emerged as critical to the fate of stem cells during embryonic development. The precise molecular composition of the mPTP has been enigmatic, with far more genetic studies eliminating molecular candidates than confirming them. Rigorous studies in the recent decade have implicated central involvement of the F1Fo ATP synthase, or complex V of the electron transport chain, and continue to confirm a regulatory role for Cyclophilin D (CypD), encoded by Ppif, in modulating the sensitivity of the pore to opening. A host of endogenous molecules have been shown to trigger flux characteristic of mPT, including positive regulators such as calcium ions, reactive oxygen species, inorganic phosphate, and fatty acids. Conductance of the pore has been described as low or high, and reversibility of pore opening appears to correspond with the relative abundance of negative regulators of mPT such as adenine nucleotides, hydrogen ion, and divalent cations that compete for calcium-binding sites in the mPTP. Current models suggest that distinct pores could be responsible for differing reversibility and conductance depending upon cellular context. Indeed, irreversible propagation of mPT inevitably leads to collapse of transmembrane potential, arrest of ATP synthesis, mitochondrial swelling, and cell death. Future studies should clarify ambiguities in mPTP structure and reveal new roles for mPT in dictating specialized cellular functions beyond cell survival that are tied to mitochondrial fitness including stem cell self-renewal and fate. The focus of this review is to describe contemporary models of the mPTP and highlight how pore activity impacts stem cells and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep P Dumbali
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pamela L Wenzel
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Immunology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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21
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Walkon LL, Strubbe-Rivera JO, Bazil JN. Calcium Overload and Mitochondrial Metabolism. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121891. [PMID: 36551319 PMCID: PMC9775684 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria calcium is a double-edged sword. While low levels of calcium are essential to maintain optimal rates of ATP production, extreme levels of calcium overcoming the mitochondrial calcium retention capacity leads to loss of mitochondrial function. In moderate amounts, however, ATP synthesis rates are inhibited in a calcium-titratable manner. While the consequences of extreme calcium overload are well-known, the effects on mitochondrial function in the moderately loaded range remain enigmatic. These observations are associated with changes in the mitochondria ultrastructure and cristae network. The present mini review/perspective follows up on previous studies using well-established cryo-electron microscopy and poses an explanation for the observable depressed ATP synthesis rates in mitochondria during calcium-overloaded states. The results presented herein suggest that the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation is not caused by a direct decoupling of energy metabolism via the opening of a calcium-sensitive, proteinaceous pore but rather a separate but related calcium-dependent phenomenon. Such inhibition during calcium-overloaded states points towards mitochondrial ultrastructural modifications, enzyme activity changes, or an interplay between both events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L. Walkon
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jasiel O. Strubbe-Rivera
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Jason N. Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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22
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Peterson AA, Rangwala AM, Thakur MK, Ward PS, Hung C, Outhwaite IR, Chan AI, Usanov DL, Mootha VK, Seeliger MA, Liu DR. Discovery and molecular basis of subtype-selective cyclophilin inhibitors. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:1184-1195. [PMID: 36163383 PMCID: PMC9596378 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although cyclophilins are attractive targets for probing biology and therapeutic intervention, no subtype-selective cyclophilin inhibitors have been described. We discovered novel cyclophilin inhibitors from the in vitro selection of a DNA-templated library of 256,000 drug-like macrocycles for cyclophilin D (CypD) affinity. Iterated macrocycle engineering guided by ten X-ray co-crystal structures yielded potent and selective inhibitors (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 10 nM) that bind the active site of CypD and also make novel interactions with non-conserved residues in the S2 pocket, an adjacent exo-site. The resulting macrocycles inhibit CypD activity with 21- to >10,000-fold selectivity over other cyclophilins and inhibit mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in isolated mitochondria. We further exploited S2 pocket interactions to develop the first cyclophilin E (CypE)-selective inhibitor, which forms a reversible covalent bond with a CypE S2 pocket lysine, and exhibits 30- to >4,000-fold selectivity over other cyclophilins. These findings reveal a strategy to generate isoform-selective small-molecule cyclophilin modulators, advancing their suitability as targets for biological investigation and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Peterson
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aziz M Rangwala
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Manish K Thakur
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Patrick S Ward
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christie Hung
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ian R Outhwaite
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alix I Chan
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dmitry L Usanov
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus A Seeliger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - David R Liu
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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23
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Caudal A, Tang X, Chavez JD, Keller A, Mohr JP, Bakhtina AA, Villet O, Chen H, Zhou B, Walker MA, Tian R, Bruce JE. Mitochondrial interactome quantitation reveals structural changes in metabolic machinery in the failing murine heart. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:855-866. [PMID: 36405497 PMCID: PMC9667921 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) bridge the gap between purified systems and native tissue environments, allowing the detection of protein structural interactions in their native state. Here we use isobaric quantitative protein interaction reporter technology (iqPIR) to compare the mitochondria protein interactomes in healthy and hypertrophic murine hearts, 4 weeks post-transaortic constriction. The failing heart interactome includes 588 statistically significant cross-linked peptide pairs altered in the disease condition. We observed an increase in the assembly of ketone oxidation oligomers corresponding to an increase in ketone metabolic utilization; remodeling of NDUA4 interaction in Complex IV, likely contributing to impaired mitochondria respiration; and conformational enrichment of ADP/ATP carrier ADT1, which is non-functional for ADP/ATP translocation but likely possesses non-selective conductivity. Our application of quantitative cross-linking technology in cardiac tissue provides molecular-level insights into the complex mitochondria remodeling in heart failure while bringing forth new hypotheses for pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Caudal
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Xiaoting Tang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Juan D. Chavez
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Andrew Keller
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jared P. Mohr
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Anna A. Bakhtina
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Outi Villet
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Hongye Chen
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Bo Zhou
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Matthew A. Walker
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington
- These authors jointly supervised this work
| | - James E. Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work
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The Joint Influence of Tl+ and Thiol-Modifying Agents on Rat Liver Mitochondrial Parameters In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168964. [PMID: 36012228 PMCID: PMC9409397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data have shown that the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) is the complex of the Ca2+-modified adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and the Ca2+-modified ATP synthase. We found in a previous study that ANT conformational changes may be involved in Tl+-induced MPTP opening in the inner membrane of Ca2+-loaded rat liver mitochondria. In this study, the effects of thiol-modifying agents (eosin-5-maleimide (EMA), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), Cu(o-phenanthroline)2 (Cu(OP)2), and embelin (Emb)), and MPTP inhibitors (ADP, cyclosporine A (CsA), n-ethylmaleimide (NEM), and trifluoperazine (TFP)) on MPTP opening were tested simultaneously with increases in swelling, membrane potential (ΔΨmito) decline, decreases in state 3, 4, and 3UDNP (2,4-dinitrophenol-uncoupled) respiration, and changes in the inner membrane free thiol group content. The effects of these thiol-modifying agents on the studied mitochondrial characteristics were multidirectional and showed a clear dependence on their concentration. This research suggests that Tl+-induced MPTP opening in the inner membrane of calcium-loaded mitochondria may be caused by the interaction of used reagents (EMA, FITC, Emb, Cu(OP)2) with active groups of ANT, the mitochondrial phosphate carrier (PiC) and the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. This study provides further insight into the causes of thallium toxicity and may be useful in the development of new treatments for thallium poisoning.
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25
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Hong Luo G, Zhao Xu T, Li X, Jiang W, Hong Duo Y, Zhong Tang B. Cellular organelle-targeted smart AIEgens in tumor detection, imaging and therapeutics. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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26
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Chapa-Dubocq XR, Garcia-Baez JF, Bazil JN, Javadov S. Crosstalk between adenine nucleotide transporter and mitochondrial swelling: experimental and computational approaches. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022:10.1007/s10565-022-09724-2. [PMID: 35606662 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism and function are modulated by changes in matrix Ca2+. Small increases in the matrix Ca2+ stimulate mitochondrial bioenergetics, whereas excessive Ca2+ leads to cell death by causing massive matrix swelling and impairing the structural and functional integrity of mitochondria. Sustained opening of the non-selective mitochondrial permeability transition pores (PTP) is the main mechanism responsible for mitochondrial Ca2+ overload that leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Recent studies suggest the existence of two or more types of PTP, and adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) and FOF1-ATP synthase were proposed to form the PTP independent of each other. Here, we elucidated the role of ANT in PTP opening by applying both experimental and computational approaches. We first developed and corroborated a detailed model of the ANT transport mechanism including the matrix (ANTM), cytosolic (ANTC), and pore (ANTP) states of the transporter. Then, the ANT model was incorporated into a simple, yet effective, empirical model of mitochondrial bioenergetics to ascertain the point when Ca2+ overload initiates PTP opening via an ANT switch-like mechanism activated by matrix Ca2+ and is inhibited by extra-mitochondrial ADP. We found that encoding a heterogeneous Ca2+ response of at least three types of PTPs, weakly, moderately, and strongly sensitive to Ca2+, enabled the model to simulate Ca2+ release dynamics observed after large boluses were administered to a population of energized cardiac mitochondria. Thus, this study demonstrates the potential role of ANT in PTP gating and proposes a novel mechanism governing the cryptic nature of the PTP phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier R Chapa-Dubocq
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, 00936-5067, USA
| | - Jorge F Garcia-Baez
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, 00936-5067, USA
| | - Jason N Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1046, USA
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, 00936-5067, USA.
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Keller A, Bakhtina AA, Chavez JD, Bruce JE. Improved Interpretation of Protein Conformational Differences and Ligand Occupancy in Large-Scale Cross-Link Data. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1475-1484. [PMID: 35594376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical cross-linking of proteins in complex samples, cells, or even tissues is emerging to provide unique structural information on proteins and complexes that exist within native or nativelike environments. The public database XLinkDB automatically maps cross-links to available structures based on sequence homology. Structures most likely to reflect protein conformations in the cross-linked sample are routinely identified by having cross-linked residues separated by Euclidean distances within the maximum span of the applied cross-linker. Solvent accessible surface distance (SASD), which considers the accessibility of the cross-linked residues and the path connecting them, is a better predictor of consistency than the Euclidean distance. However, SASDs of structures are not publicly available, and their calculation is computationally intensive. Here, we describe in XLinkDB version 4.0 the automatic calculation of SASDs using Jwalk for all cross-links mapped to structures, both with and without regard to ligands, and derive empirical maximum SASD spans for BDP-NHP and DSSO cross-linkers of 51 and 43 Å, respectively. We document ligands proximal to cross-links in structures and demonstrate how SASDs can be used to help infer sample protein conformations and ligand occupancy, highlighting cross-links sensitive to ADP binding in mitochondria isolated from HEK293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Keller
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Anna A Bakhtina
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Juan D Chavez
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - James E Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
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28
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Bellini C, Antonucci S, Morillas-Becerril L, Scarpa S, Tavano R, Mancin F, Di Lisa F, Papini E. Nanoparticles Based on Cross-Linked Poly(Lipoic Acid) Protect Macrophages and Cardiomyocytes from Oxidative Stress and Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050907. [PMID: 35624771 PMCID: PMC9137738 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of radical damage and oxidative stress, phenomena involved in a large number of human pathologies, is a major pharmaceutical and medical goal. We here show that two biocompatible formulations of Pluronic-stabilized, poly (lipoic acid)-based nanoparticles (NP) effectively antagonized the formation of radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These NPs, not only intrinsically scavenged radicals in a-cellular DPPH/ABTS assays, but also inhibited the overproduction of ROS induced by tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in tumor cells (HeLa), human macrophages and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). NPs were captured by macrophages and cardiomyocytes much more effectively as compared to HeLa cells and non-phagocytic leukocytes, eventually undergoing intracellular disassembly. Notably, NPs decreased the mitochondrial ROS generation induced by simulated Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (IRI) in isolated cardiomyocytes. NPs also prevented IRI-triggered cardiomyocyte necrosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and alterations of contraction-related intracellular Ca2+ waves. Hence, NPs appear to be an effective and cardiomyocyte-selective drug to protect against damages induced by post-ischemic reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bellini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (S.A.); (S.S.); (R.T.)
- CRIBI—Centre for Innovative Biotechnology Research, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Salvatore Antonucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (S.A.); (S.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Lucía Morillas-Becerril
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35121 Padova, Italy; (L.M.-B.); (F.M.)
| | - Sara Scarpa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (S.A.); (S.S.); (R.T.)
- CRIBI—Centre for Innovative Biotechnology Research, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Regina Tavano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (S.A.); (S.S.); (R.T.)
- CRIBI—Centre for Innovative Biotechnology Research, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35121 Padova, Italy; (L.M.-B.); (F.M.)
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (S.A.); (S.S.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence: (F.D.L.); (E.P.)
| | - Emanuele Papini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy; (C.B.); (S.A.); (S.S.); (R.T.)
- CRIBI—Centre for Innovative Biotechnology Research, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.D.L.); (E.P.)
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Cioffi F, Giacco A, Goglia F, Silvestri E. Bioenergetic Aspects of Mitochondrial Actions of Thyroid Hormones. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060997. [PMID: 35326451 PMCID: PMC8947633 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Much is known, but there is also much more to discover, about the actions that thyroid hormones (TH) exert on metabolism. Indeed, despite the fact that thyroid hormones are recognized as one of the most important regulators of metabolic rate, much remains to be clarified on which mechanisms control/regulate these actions. Given their actions on energy metabolism and that mitochondria are the main cellular site where metabolic transformations take place, these organelles have been the subject of extensive investigations. In relatively recent times, new knowledge concerning both thyroid hormones (such as the mechanisms of action, the existence of metabolically active TH derivatives) and the mechanisms of energy transduction such as (among others) dynamics, respiratory chain organization in supercomplexes and cristes organization, have opened new pathways of investigation in the field of the control of energy metabolism and of the mechanisms of action of TH at cellular level. In this review, we highlight the knowledge and approaches about the complex relationship between TH, including some of their derivatives, and the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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30
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Cyclophilin D regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 25:100486. [PMID: 35296110 PMCID: PMC8920311 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) has been proposed to play a critical role in activating cell death in many settings, including cardiac ischemia and reperfusion. Although the identity of pore forming unit of the PTP is still debated, it is generally agreed that cyclophilin D (CyPD) is a regulator of the PTP. This manuscript will focus on understanding how CyPD might regulate the PTP and how understanding CyPD might give insight about the identify and regulation of the PTP.
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31
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Zhao L, Deng X, Li Y, Hu J, Xie L, Shi F, Tang M, Bode AM, Zhang X, Liao W, Cao Y. Conformational change of adenine nucleotide translocase-1 mediates cisplatin resistance induced by EBV-LMP1. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14072. [PMID: 34755470 PMCID: PMC8649884 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenine nucleotide translocase-1 (ANT1) is an ADP/ATP transporter protein located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. ANT1 is involved not only in the processes of ADP/ATP exchange but also in the composition of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (mPTP); and the function of ANT1 is closely related to its own conformational changes. Notably, various viral proteins can interact directly with ANT1 to influence mitochondrial membrane potential by regulating the opening of mPTP, thereby affecting tumor cell fate. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encodes the key tumorigenic protein, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), which plays a pivotal role in promoting therapeutic resistance in related tumors. In our study, we identified a novel mechanism for EBV-LMP1-induced alteration of ANT1 conformation in cisplatin resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Here, we found that EBV-LMP1 localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and inhibits the opening of mPTP by binding to ANT1, thereby favoring tumor cell survival and drug resistance. The ANT1 conformational inhibitor carboxyatractyloside (CATR) in combination with cisplatin improved the chemosensitivity of EBV-LMP1-positive cells. This finding confirms that ANT1 is a novel therapeutic target for overcoming cisplatin resistance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionChinese Ministry of Education, Department of RadiologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical ScienceXiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisChinese Ministry of HealthChangshaChina
| | - Xiangying Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionChinese Ministry of Education, Department of RadiologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical ScienceXiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisChinese Ministry of HealthChangshaChina
| | - Yueshuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionChinese Ministry of Education, Department of RadiologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical ScienceXiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisChinese Ministry of HealthChangshaChina
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionChinese Ministry of Education, Department of RadiologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical ScienceXiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisChinese Ministry of HealthChangshaChina
| | - Longlong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionChinese Ministry of Education, Department of RadiologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical ScienceXiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisChinese Ministry of HealthChangshaChina
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionChinese Ministry of Education, Department of RadiologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical ScienceXiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisChinese Ministry of HealthChangshaChina
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionChinese Ministry of Education, Department of RadiologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical ScienceXiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisChinese Ministry of HealthChangshaChina
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaAustinMNUSA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Weihua Liao
- Department of RadiologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionChinese Ministry of Education, Department of RadiologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical ScienceXiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisChinese Ministry of HealthChangshaChina
- Molecular Imaging Research Center of CentralSouth UniversityChangshaChina
- Research Center for Technologies of Nucleic Acid‐Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Genetic Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases and CancerChangshaChina
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32
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Qi H, Li ZC, Wang SM, Wu L, Xu F, Liu ZL, Li X, Wang JZ. Tristability in mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2021; 31:123108. [PMID: 34972328 DOI: 10.1063/5.0065400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), a key regulator of cell life and death processes, is triggered by calcium ions (Ca2+) and potentiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although the two modes of PTP opening, i.e., transient and persistent, have been identified for a long time, its dynamical mechanism is still not fully understood. To test a proposed hypothesis that PTP opening acts as a tristable switch, which is characterized by low, medium, and high open probability, we develop a three-variable model that focused on PTP opening caused by Ca2+ and ROS. For the system reduced to two differential equations for Ca2+ and ROS, both the stability analysis and the potential landscape feature that it exhibits tristability under standard parameters. For the full system, the bifurcation analysis suggests that it can achieve tristability over a wide range of input parameters. Furthermore, parameter sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the existence of tristability is a robust property. In addition, we show how the deterministic tristable property can be understood within a stochastic framework, which also explains the PTP dynamics at the level of a single channel. Overall, this study may yield valuable insights into the intricate regulatory mechanism of PTP opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qi
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Li
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shi-Miao Wang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lin Wu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Physics and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhi-Long Liu
- Department of Physics and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Physics and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia-Zeng Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Carrer A, Laquatra C, Tommasin L, Carraro M. Modulation and Pharmacology of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition: A Journey from F-ATP Synthase to ANT. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216463. [PMID: 34770872 PMCID: PMC8587538 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The permeability transition (PT) is an increased permeation of the inner mitochondrial membrane due to the opening of the PT pore (PTP), a Ca2+-activated high conductance channel involved in Ca2+ homeostasis and cell death. Alterations of the PTP have been associated with many pathological conditions and its targeting represents an incessant challenge in the field. Although the modulation of the PTP has been extensively explored, the lack of a clear picture of its molecular nature increases the degree of complexity for any target-based approach. Recent advances suggest the existence of at least two mitochondrial permeability pathways mediated by the F-ATP synthase and the ANT, although the exact molecular mechanism leading to channel formation remains elusive for both. A full comprehension of this to-pore conversion will help to assist in drug design and to develop pharmacological treatments for a fine-tuned PT regulation. Here, we will focus on regulatory mechanisms that impinge on the PTP and discuss the relevant literature of PTP targeting compounds with particular attention to F-ATP synthase and ANT.
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Neuroprotective Potential of Mild Uncoupling in Mitochondria. Pros and Cons. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081050. [PMID: 34439669 PMCID: PMC8392724 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an explosion of interest in the use of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria in the treatment of several pathologies, including neurological ones. In this review, we analyzed all the mechanisms associated with mitochondrial uncoupling and the metabolic and signaling cascades triggered by uncouplers. We provide a full set of positive and negative effects that should be taken into account when using uncouplers in experiments and clinical practice.
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35
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Federico M, De la Fuente S, Palomeque J, Sheu SS. The role of mitochondria in metabolic disease: a special emphasis on heart dysfunction. J Physiol 2021; 599:3477-3493. [PMID: 33932959 PMCID: PMC8424986 DOI: 10.1113/jp279376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases (MetDs) embrace a series of pathologies characterized by abnormal body glucose usage. The known diseases included in this group are metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2. All of them are chronic pathologies that present metabolic disturbances and are classified as multi-organ diseases. Cardiomyopathy has been extensively described in diabetic patients without overt macrovascular complications. The heart is severely damaged during the progression of the disease; in fact, diabetic cardiomyopathies are the main cause of death in MetDs. Insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and increased free fatty acid metabolism promote cardiac damage through mitochondria. These organelles supply most of the energy that the heart needs to beat and to control essential cellular functions, including Ca2+ signalling modulation, reactive oxygen species production and apoptotic cell death regulation. Several aspects of common mitochondrial functions have been described as being altered in diabetic cardiomyopathies, including impaired energy metabolism, compromised mitochondrial dynamics, deficiencies in Ca2+ handling, increases in reactive oxygen species production, and a higher probability of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Therefore, the mitochondrial role in MetD-mediated heart dysfunction has been studied extensively to identify potential therapeutic targets for improving cardiac performance. Herein we review the cardiac pathology in metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and diabetes mellitus, focusing on the role of mitochondrial dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilen Federico
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Cs. Medicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sergio De la Fuente
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Julieta Palomeque
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Cs. Medicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, CABA, Argentina
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
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A Walk in the Memory, from the First Functional Approach up to Its Regulatory Role of Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Flow in Health and Disease: Focus on the Adenine Nucleotide Translocator. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084164. [PMID: 33920595 PMCID: PMC8073645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) plays the fundamental role of gatekeeper of cellular energy flow, carrying out the reversible exchange of ADP for ATP across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ADP enters the mitochondria where, through the oxidative phosphorylation process, it is the substrate of Fo-F1 ATP synthase, producing ATP that is dispatched from the mitochondrion to the cytoplasm of the host cell, where it can be used as energy currency for the metabolic needs of the cell that require energy. Long ago, we performed a method that allowed us to monitor the activity of ANT by continuously detecting the ATP gradually produced inside the mitochondria and exported in the extramitochondrial phase in exchange with externally added ADP, under conditions quite close to a physiological state, i.e., when oxidative phosphorylation takes place. More than 30 years after the development of the method, here we aim to put the spotlight on it and to emphasize its versatile applicability in the most varied pathophysiological conditions, reviewing all the studies, in which we were able to observe what really happened in the cell thanks to the use of the "ATP detecting system" allowing the functional activity of the ANT-mediated ADP/ATP exchange to be measured.
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Neginskaya MA, Pavlov EV, Sheu SS. Electrophysiological properties of the mitochondrial permeability transition pores: Channel diversity and disease implication. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148357. [PMID: 33359307 PMCID: PMC7954400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is a channel that, when open, is responsible for a dramatic increase in the permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane, a process known as the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT). mPTP activation during Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and oxidative stress disrupts normal mitochondrial function and induces cell death. mPTP opening has been implicated as a critical event in many diseases, including hypoxic injuries, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. Discoveries of recent years indicate that mPTP demonstrates very complicated behavior and regulation, and depending on specific induction or stress conditions, it can function as a high-conductance pore, a small channel, or a non-specific membrane leak. The focus of this review is to summarize the literature on the electrophysiological properties of the mPTP and to evaluate the evidence that it has multiple molecular identities. This review also provides perspective on how an electrophysiological approach can be used to quantitatively investigate the biophysical properties of the mPTP under physiological, pharmacological, pathophysiological, and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Neginskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - E V Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S-S Sheu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Boyman L, Greiser M, Lederer WJ. Calcium influx through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter holocomplex, MCU cx. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 151:145-154. [PMID: 33147447 PMCID: PMC7880866 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ flux into the mitochondrial matrix through the MCU holocomplex (MCUcx) has recently been measured quantitatively and with milliseconds resolution for the first time under physiological conditions in both heart and skeletal muscle. Additionally, the dynamic levels of Ca2+ in the mitochondrial matrix ([Ca2+]m) of cardiomyocytes were measured as it was controlled by the balance between influx of Ca2+ into the mitochondrial matrix through MCUcx and efflux through the mitochondrial Na+ / Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX). Under these conditions [Ca2+]m was shown to regulate ATP production by the mitochondria at only a few critical sites. Additional functions attributed to [Ca2+]m continue to be reported in the literature. Here we review the new findings attributed to MCUcx function and provide a framework for understanding and investigating mitochondrial Ca2+ influx features, many of which remain controversial. The properties and functions of the MCUcx subunits that constitute the holocomplex are challenging to tease apart. Such distinct subunits include EMRE, MCUR1, MICUx (i.e. MICU1, MICU2, MICU3), and the pore-forming subunits (MCUpore). Currently, the specific set of functions of each subunit remains non-quantitative and controversial. The more contentious issues are discussed in the context of the newly measured native MCUcx Ca2+ flux from heart and skeletal muscle. These MCUcx Ca2+ flux measurements have been shown to be a highly-regulated, tissue-specific with femto-Siemens Ca2+ conductances and with distinct extramitochondrial Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) dependencies. These data from cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondria have been examined quantitatively for their threshold [Ca2+]i levels and for hypothesized gatekeeping function and are discussed in the context of model cell (e.g. HeLa, MEF, HEK293, COS7 cells) measurements. Our new findings on MCUcx dependent matrix [Ca2+]m signaling provide a quantitative basis for on-going and new investigations of the roles of MCUcx in cardiac function ranging from metabolic fuel selection, capillary blood-flow control and the pathological activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Additionally, this review presents the use of advanced new methods that can be readily adapted by any investigator to enable them to carry out quantitative Ca2+ measurements in mitochondria while controlling the inner mitochondrial membrane potential, ΔΨm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Boyman
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Maura Greiser
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W Jonathan Lederer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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39
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Mironova GD, Pavlov EV. Mitochondrial Cyclosporine A-Independent Palmitate/Ca 2+-Induced Permeability Transition Pore (PA-mPT Pore) and Its Role in Mitochondrial Function and Protection against Calcium Overload and Glutamate Toxicity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010125. [PMID: 33440765 PMCID: PMC7827677 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A sharp increase in the permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane known as mitochondrial permeability transition (or mPT) occurs in mitochondria under the conditions of Ca2+ and ROS stress. Permeability transition can proceed through several mechanisms. The most common mechanism of mPT is based on the opening of a cyclosporine A (CSA)-sensitive protein channel in the inner membrane. In addition to the CSA-sensitive pathway, mPT can occur through the transient opening of lipid pores, emerging in the process of formation of palmitate/Ca2+ complexes. This pathway is independent of CSA and likely plays a protective role against Ca2+ and ROS toxicity. The review considers molecular mechanisms of formation and regulation of the palmitate/Ca2+-induced pores, which we designate as PA-mPT to distinguish it from the classical CSA-sensitive mPT. In the paper, we discuss conditions of its opening in the biological membranes, as well as its role in the physiological and pathophysiological processes. Additionally, we summarize data that indicate the involvement of PA-mPT in the protection of mitochondria against calcium overload and glutamate-induced degradation in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina D. Mironova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, RAS, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Evgeny V. Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA;
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Rottenberg H, Hoek JB. The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition: Nexus of Aging, Disease and Longevity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010079. [PMID: 33418876 PMCID: PMC7825081 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, mPTP, a highly regulated multi-component mega-channel, is enhanced in aging and in aging-driven degenerative diseases. mPTP activity accelerates aging by releasing large amounts of cell-damaging reactive oxygen species, Ca2+ and NAD+. The various pathways that control the channel activity, directly or indirectly, can therefore either inhibit or accelerate aging or retard or enhance the progression of aging-driven degenerative diseases and determine lifespan and healthspan. Autophagy, a catabolic process that removes and digests damaged proteins and organelles, protects the cell against aging and disease. However, the protective effect of autophagy depends on mTORC2/SKG1 inhibition of mPTP. Autophagy is inhibited in aging cells. Mitophagy, a specialized form of autophagy, which retards aging by removing mitochondrial fragments with activated mPTP, is also inhibited in aging cells, and this inhibition leads to increased mPTP activation, which is a major contributor to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The increased activity of mPTP in aging turns autophagy/mitophagy into a destructive process leading to cell aging and death. Several drugs and lifestyle modifications that enhance healthspan and lifespan enhance autophagy and inhibit the activation of mPTP. Therefore, elucidating the intricate connections between pathways that activate and inhibit mPTP, in the context of aging and degenerative diseases, could enhance the discovery of new drugs and lifestyle modifications that slow aging and degenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Rottenberg
- New Hope Biomedical R&D, 23 W. Bridge street, New Hope, PA 18938, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-267-614-5588
| | - Jan B. Hoek
- MitoCare Center, Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
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Urbani A, Prosdocimi E, Carrer A, Checchetto V, Szabò I. Mitochondrial Ion Channels of the Inner Membrane and Their Regulation in Cell Death Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:620081. [PMID: 33585458 PMCID: PMC7874202 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.620081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are bioenergetic organelles with a plethora of fundamental functions ranging from metabolism and ATP production to modulation of signaling events leading to cell survival or cell death. Ion channels located in the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes critically control mitochondrial function and, as a consequence, also cell fate. Opening or closure of mitochondrial ion channels allow the fine-tuning of mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS production, and function of the respiratory chain complexes. In this review, we critically discuss the intracellular regulatory factors that affect channel activity in the inner membrane of mitochondria and, indirectly, contribute to cell death. These factors include various ligands, kinases, second messengers, and lipids. Comprehension of mitochondrial ion channels regulation in cell death pathways might reveal new therapeutic targets in mitochondria-linked pathologies like cancer, ischemia, reperfusion injury, and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Urbani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Carrer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in physiology and disease. Cell Calcium 2021; 94:102344. [PMID: 33556741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) are routinely produced at several sites within the organelle. The balance in their formation and elimination is maintained by a complex and robust antioxidant system. mROS may act as second messengers and regulate a number of physiological processes, such as insulin signaling, cell differentiation and proliferation, wound healing, etc. Nevertheless, when a sudden or sustained increase in ROS formation is not efficiently neutralized by the endogenous antioxidant defense system, the detrimental impact of high mROS levels on cell function and viability eventually results in disease development. In this review, we will focus on the dual role of mROS in pathophysiology, emphasizing the physiological role exerted by a regulated mROS production/elimination, and discussing the detrimental effects evoked by an imbalance in mitochondrial redox state. Furthermore, we will touch upon the interplay between mROS and Ca2+ homeostasis.
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43
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Amodeo GF, Pavlov EV. Amyloid β, α-synuclein and the c subunit of the ATP synthase: Can these peptides reveal an amyloidogenic pathway of the permeability transition pore? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183531. [PMID: 33309700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition (PT) is a phenomenon of increased permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane in response to high levels of Ca2+ and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the matrix. PT occurs upon the opening of a pore, namely the permeability transition pore (PTP), which dissipates the membrane potential uncoupling the respiratory chain. mPT activation and PTP formation can occur through multiple molecular pathways. The specific focus of this review is to discuss the possible molecular mechanisms of PTP that involve the participation of mitochondrially targeted amyloid peptides Aβ, α-synuclein and c subunit of the ATP synthase (ATPase). As activators of PTP, amyloid peptides are uniquely different from other activators because they are capable of forming channels in lipid bilayers. This property rises the possibility that in this permeabilization pathway the formation of the channel involves the direct participation of peptides, making it uniquely different from other PTP induction mechanisms. In this pathway, a critical step of PTP activation involves the import of amyloidogenic peptides from the cytosol into the matrix. In the matrix these peptides, which would fold into α-helical structure in native conditions, interact with cyclophilin D (CypD) and upon stimulation by elevated ROS and/or the Ca2+ spontaneously misfold into β-sheet ion conducting pores, causing PTP opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe F Amodeo
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, United States of America.
| | - Evgeny V Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, United States of America.
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44
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Wang W, Sheu SS. Unsolved mysteries and controversies of mitochondria in the heart - A virtual special issue in JMCC: Part IV. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 151:72-73. [PMID: 33221273 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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45
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Naumova N, Šachl R. Regulation of Cell Death by Mitochondrial Transport Systems of Calcium and Bcl-2 Proteins. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E299. [PMID: 33096926 PMCID: PMC7590060 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria represent the fundamental system for cellular energy metabolism, by not only supplying energy in the form of ATP, but also by affecting physiology and cell death via the regulation of calcium homeostasis and the activity of Bcl-2 proteins. A lot of research has recently been devoted to understanding the interplay between Bcl-2 proteins, the regulation of these interactions within the cell, and how these interactions lead to the changes in calcium homeostasis. However, the role of Bcl-2 proteins in the mediation of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, and therefore the induction of cell death pathways, remain underestimated and are still not well understood. In this review, we first summarize our knowledge about calcium transport systems in mitochondria, which, when miss-regulated, can induce necrosis. We continue by reviewing and analyzing the functions of Bcl-2 proteins in apoptosis. Finally, we link these two regulatory mechanisms together, exploring the interactions between the mitochondrial Ca2+ transport systems and Bcl-2 proteins, both capable of inducing cell death, with the potential to determine the cell death pathway-either the apoptotic or the necrotic one.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radek Šachl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic;
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46
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Neginskaya MA, Strubbe JO, Amodeo GF, West BA, Yakar S, Bazil JN, Pavlov EV. The very low number of calcium-induced permeability transition pores in the single mitochondrion. J Gen Physiol 2020; 152:e202012631. [PMID: 32810269 PMCID: PMC7537349 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) is a phenomenon of stress-induced increase in nonspecific permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane that leads to disruption of oxidative phosphorylation and cell death. Quantitative measurement of the membrane permeability increase during PT is critically important for understanding the PT's impact on mitochondrial function. The elementary unit of PT is a PT pore (PTP), a single channel presumably formed by either ATP synthase or adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). It is not known how many channels are open in a single mitochondrion during PT, which makes it difficult to quantitatively estimate the overall degree of membrane permeability. Here, we used wide-field microscopy to record mitochondrial swelling and quantitatively measure rates of single-mitochondrion volume increase during PT-induced high-amplitude swelling. PT was quantified by calculating the rates of water flux responsible for measured volume changes. The total water flux through the mitochondrial membrane of a single mitochondrion during PT was in the range of (2.5 ± 0.4) × 10-17 kg/s for swelling in 2 mM Ca2+ and (1.1 ± 0.2) × 10-17 kg/s for swelling in 200 µM Ca2+. Under these experimental conditions, a single PTP channel with ionic conductance of 1.5 nS could allow passage of water at the rate of 0.65 × 10-17 kg/s. Thus, we estimate the integral ionic conductance of the whole mitochondrion during PT to be 5.9 ± 0.9 nS for 2 mM concentration of Ca2+ and 2.6 ± 0.4 nS for 200 µM of Ca2+. The number of PTPs per mitochondrion ranged from one to nine. Due to the uncertainties in PTP structure and model parameters, PTP count results may be slightly underestimated. However, taking into account that each mitochondrion has ∼15,000 copies of ATP synthases and ANTs, our data imply that PTP activation is a rare event that occurs only in a small subpopulation of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Neginskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Jasiel O. Strubbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Giuseppe F. Amodeo
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Benjamin A. West
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Jason N. Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Evgeny V. Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
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Drosophila melanogaster Mitochondrial Carriers: Similarities and Differences with the Human Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176052. [PMID: 32842667 PMCID: PMC7504413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial carriers are a family of structurally related proteins responsible for the exchange of metabolites, cofactors and nucleotides between the cytoplasm and mitochondrial matrix. The in silico analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster genome has highlighted the presence of 48 genes encoding putative mitochondrial carriers, but only 20 have been functionally characterized. Despite most Drosophila mitochondrial carrier genes having human homologs and sharing with them 50% or higher sequence identity, D. melanogaster genes display peculiar differences from their human counterparts: (1) in the fruit fly, many genes encode more transcript isoforms or are duplicated, resulting in the presence of numerous subfamilies in the genome; (2) the expression of the energy-producing genes in D. melanogaster is coordinated from a motif known as Nuclear Respiratory Gene (NRG), a palindromic 8-bp sequence; (3) fruit-fly duplicated genes encoding mitochondrial carriers show a testis-biased expression pattern, probably in order to keep a duplicate copy in the genome. Here, we review the main features, biological activities and role in the metabolism of the D. melanogaster mitochondrial carriers characterized to date, highlighting similarities and differences with their human counterparts. Such knowledge is very important for obtaining an integrated view of mitochondrial function in D. melanogaster metabolism.
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