1
|
Traverse KKF, Breselge S, Trautman JG, Dee A, Wang J, Childs KL, Lee-Parsons CWT. Characterization of the ZCTs, a subgroup of Cys2-His2 zinc finger transcription factors regulating alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:209. [PMID: 39115578 PMCID: PMC11310244 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The C. roseus ZCTs are jasmonate-responsive, can be induced by CrMYC2a, and can act as significant regulators of the terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway when highly expressed. Catharanthus roseus is the sole known producer of the anti-cancer terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), vinblastine and vincristine. While the enzymatic steps of the pathway have been elucidated, an understanding of its regulation is still emerging. The present study characterizes an important subgroup of Cys2-His2 zinc finger transcription factors known as Zinc finger Catharanthus Transcription factors (ZCTs). We identified three new ZCT members (named ZCT4, ZCT5, and ZCT6) that clustered with the putative repressors of the TIA pathway, ZCT1, ZCT2, and ZCT3. We characterized the role of these six ZCTs as potential redundant regulators of the TIA pathway, and their tissue-specific and jasmonate-responsive expression. These ZCTs share high sequence conservation in their two Cys2-His2 zinc finger domains but differ in the spacer length and sequence between these zinc fingers. The transient overexpression of ZCTs in seedlings significantly repressed the promoters of the terpenoid (pLAMT) and condensation branch (pSTR1) of the TIA pathway, consistent with that previously reported for ZCT1, ZCT2, and ZCT3. In addition, ZCTs significantly repressed and indirectly activated several promoters of the vindoline pathway (not previously studied). The ZCTs differed in their tissue-specific expression but similarly increased with jasmonate in a dosage-dependent manner (except for ZCT5). We showed significant activation of the pZCT1 and pZCT3 promoters by the de-repressed CrMYC2a, suggesting that the jasmonate-responsive expression of the ZCTs can be mediated by CrMYC2a. In summary, the C. roseus ZCTs are jasmonate-responsive, can be induced by CrMYC2a, and can act as significant regulators of the TIA pathway when highly expressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Breselge
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliet G Trautman
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda Dee
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kevin L Childs
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Carolyn W T Lee-Parsons
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han T, Miao G. Strategies, Achievements, and Potential Challenges of Plant and Microbial Chassis in the Biosynthesis of Plant Secondary Metabolites. Molecules 2024; 29:2106. [PMID: 38731602 PMCID: PMC11085123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diverse secondary metabolites in plants, with their rich biological activities, have long been important sources for human medicine, food additives, pesticides, etc. However, the large-scale cultivation of host plants consumes land resources and is susceptible to pest and disease problems. Additionally, the multi-step and demanding nature of chemical synthesis adds to production costs, limiting their widespread application. In vitro cultivation and the metabolic engineering of plants have significantly enhanced the synthesis of secondary metabolites with successful industrial production cases. As synthetic biology advances, more research is focusing on heterologous synthesis using microorganisms. This review provides a comprehensive comparison between these two chassis, evaluating their performance in the synthesis of various types of secondary metabolites from the perspectives of yield and strategies. It also discusses the challenges they face and offers insights into future efforts and directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Han
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China;
| | - Guopeng Miao
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China;
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li C, Jiang R, Wang X, Lv Z, Li W, Chen W. Feedback regulation of plant secondary metabolism: Applications and challenges. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 340:111983. [PMID: 38211735 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.111983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites offer resistance to invasion by herbivorous organisms, and are also useful in the chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and fragrance industries. There are numerous approaches to enhancing secondary metabolite yields. However, a growing number of studies has indicated that feedback regulation may be critical in regulating secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Here, we review examples of feedback regulation in secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways, phytohormone signal transduction, and complex deposition sites associated with secondary metabolite biosynthesis. We propose a new strategy to enhance secondary metabolite production based on plant feedback regulation. We also discuss challenges in feedback regulation that must be overcome before its application to enhancing secondary metabolite yields. This review discusses recent advances in the field and highlights a strategy to overcome feedback regulation-related obstacles and obtain high secondary metabolite yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuhan Li
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zongyou Lv
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wankui Li
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang X, Zhang W, Liao Y, Ye J, Xu F. Contemporary understanding of transcription factor regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis in plants. PLANTA 2023; 259:2. [PMID: 37971670 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This review summarized how TFs function independently or in response to environmental factors to regulate terpenoid biosynthesis via fine-tuning the expression of rate-limiting enzymes. Terpenoids are derived from various species and sources. They are essential for interacting with the environment and defense mechanisms, such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic properties. Almost all terpenoids have high medicinal value and economic performance. Recently, the control of enzyme genes on terpenoid biosynthesis has received a great deal of attention, but transcriptional factors regulatory network on terpenoid biosynthesis and accumulation has yet to get a thorough review. Transcription factors function as activators or suppressors independently or in response to environmental stimuli, fine-tuning terpenoid accumulation through regulating rate-limiting enzyme expression. This study investigates the advancements in transcription factors related to terpenoid biosynthesis and systematically summarizes previous works on the specific mechanisms of transcription factors that regulate terpenoid biosynthesis via hormone signal-transcription regulatory networks in plants. This will help us to better comprehend the regulatory network of terpenoid biosynthesis and build the groundwork for terpenoid development and effective utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Huang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Yongling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Jiabao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou P, Li H, Lin Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Li Y, Li X, Yan H, Lin W, Xu B, Deng H, Qiu X. Omics analyses of Rehmannia glutinosa dedifferentiated and cambial meristematic cells reveal mechanisms of catalpol and indole alkaloid biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:463. [PMID: 37794352 PMCID: PMC10552359 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rehmannia glutinosa is a rich source of terpenoids with a high medicinal reputation. The present study compared dedifferentiated cells (DDCs) and cambial meristematic cells (CMCs) cell cultures of R. glutinosa for terpenoid (catalpol) and indole alkaloid (IA) biosynthesis. In this regard, we used widely targeted metabolomics and transcriptome sequencing approaches together with the comparison of cell morphology, cell death (%), and catalpol production at different time points. RESULTS We were able to identify CMCs based on their morphology and hypersensitivity to zeocin. CMCs showed higher dry weight content and better catalpol production compared to DDCs. The metabolome analysis revealed higher concentrations of IA, terpenoids, and catalpol in CMCs compared to DDCs. The transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that a total of 27,201 genes enriched in 139 pathways were differentially expressed. The higher catalpol concentration in CMCs is related to the expression changes in genes involved in acetyl-CoA and geranyl-PP biosynthesis, which are precursors for monoterpenoid biosynthesis. Moreover, the expressions of the four primary genes involved in monoterpenoid biosynthesis (NMD, CYP76A26, UGT6, and CYP76F14), along with a squalene monooxygenase, exhibit a strong association with the distinct catalpol biosynthesis. Contrarily, expression changes in AADC, STR, and RBG genes were consistent with the IA biosynthesis. Finally, we discussed the phytohormone signaling and transcription factors in relation to observed changes in metabolome. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study provides novel data for improving the catalpol and IA biosynthesis in R. glutinosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Haihua Li
- School of Medicine and Health, Guangdong Innovative Technical College, Dongguan, 523946, China
| | - Yujin Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yujun Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yinzi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yiheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Xuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Hui Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Weiming Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Beilu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Huiting Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Xiaoqi Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Contaldo N, Zambon Y, Galbacs ZN, Miloro F, Havelda Z, Bertaccini A, Varallyay E. Small RNA Profiling of Aster Yellows Phytoplasma-Infected Catharanthus roseus Plants Showing Different Symptoms. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051114. [PMID: 37239473 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Micropropagated Catharantus roseus plants infected with 'Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' showed virescence symptoms, witches' broom symptoms, or became asymptomatic after their planting in pots. Nine plants were grouped into three categories according to these symptoms, which were then employed for investigation. The phytoplasma concentration, as determined by qPCR, correlated well with the severity of symptoms. To reveal the changes in the small RNA profiles in these plants, small RNA high-throughput sequencing (HTS) was carried out. The bioinformatics comparison of the micro (mi) RNA and small interfering (si) RNA profiles of the symptomatic and asymptomatic plants showed changes, which could be correlated to some of the observed symptoms. These results complement previous studies on phytoplasmas and serve as a starting point for small RNA-omic studies in phytoplasma research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Contaldo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Yuri Zambon
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Zsuszanna Nagyne Galbacs
- Genomics Research Group, Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Gyorgyi Albert Street 4, 2100 Godollo, Hungary
| | - Fabio Miloro
- Plant Developmental Biology Group, Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Gyorgyi Albert Street 4, 2100 Godollo, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Havelda
- Plant Developmental Biology Group, Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Gyorgyi Albert Street 4, 2100 Godollo, Hungary
| | - Assunta Bertaccini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Eva Varallyay
- Genomics Research Group, Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Gyorgyi Albert Street 4, 2100 Godollo, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zheng H, Fu X, Shao J, Tang Y, Yu M, Li L, Huang L, Tang K. Transcriptional regulatory network of high-value active ingredients in medicinal plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:429-446. [PMID: 36621413 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
High-value active ingredients in medicinal plants have attracted research attention because of their benefits for human health, such as the antimalarial artemisinin, anticardiovascular disease tanshinones, and anticancer Taxol and vinblastine. Here, we review how hormones and environmental factors promote the accumulation of active ingredients, thereby providing a strategy to produce high-value drugs at a low cost. Focusing on major hormone signaling events and environmental factors, we review the transcriptional regulatory network mediating biosynthesis of representative active ingredients. In this network, many transcription factors (TFs) simultaneously control multiple synthase genes; thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms affecting transcriptional regulation of active ingredients will be crucial to developing new breeding possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xueqing Fu
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jin Shao
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yueli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre,School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Muyao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ling Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre,School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Raorane ML, Manz C, Hildebrandt S, Mielke M, Thieme M, Keller J, Bunzel M, Nick P. Cell type matters: competence for alkaloid metabolism differs in two seed-derived cell strains of Catharanthus roseus. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:349-369. [PMID: 35697946 PMCID: PMC9931846 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine, Catharanthus roseus has been intensively studied for biosynthesis of several terpene indole alkaloids (TIAs). Due to their low abundance in plant tissues at a simultaneously high demand, modes of production alternative to conventional extraction are mandatory. Plant cell fermentation might become one of these alternatives, yet decades of research have shown limited success to certain product classes, leading to the question: how to preserve the intrinsic ability to produce TIAs (metabolic competence) in cell culture? We used the strategy to use the developmental potency of mature embryos to generate such strains. Two cell strains (C1and C4) from seed embryos of Catharanthus roseus were found to differ not only morphologically, but also in their metabolic competence. This differential competence became manifest not only under phytohormone elicitation, but also upon feeding with alkaloid pathway precursors. The more active strain C4 formed larger cell aggregates and was endowed with longer mitochondria. These cellular features were accompanied by higher alkaloid accumulation in response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) elicitation. The levels of catharanthine could be increased significantly, while the concurrent vindoline branch of the pathway was blocked, such that no bisindole alkaloids were detectable. By feeding vindoline to MeJA-elicited C4 cells, vincristine became detectable; however, only to marginal amounts. In conclusion, these results show that cultured cells are not "de-differentiated", but can differ in metabolic competence. In addition to elicitation and precursor feeding, the cellular properties of the "biomatter" are highly relevant for the success of plant cell fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish L Raorane
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle-WittenbergHalle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Christina Manz
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sarah Hildebrandt
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marion Mielke
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marc Thieme
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Judith Keller
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang Y, Ding L, Zhou Y, Guo Z, Yu R, Zhu J. Establishment of recombinant Catharanthus roseus stem cells stably overexpressing ORCA4 for terpenoid indole alkaloids biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:783-792. [PMID: 36848864 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus is a perennial herb of the Apocynaceae family, from which about 200 kinds of alkaloids have been characterized. Most alkaloids from C. roseus are terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), such as vinblastine and vincristine, which are widely used in the clinic for their good antitumor activity. However, they were only biosynthesized in C. roseus, and their content in C. roseus is extremely low. The access to these valuable compounds is by plant extraction or chemical semisynthesis from their precursors catharanthine and vindoline. Since catharanthine and vindoline are also obtained from C. roseus, the supply of vinblastine and vincristine makes it difficult to meet market demands. Therefore, how to improve the yield of TIAs is an attractive issue. In this study, we compared the regulatory effect of two critical transcription factors, octadecanoid-derivative responsive Catharanthus AP2-domain protein 3 (ORCA3) and octadecanoid-derivative responsive Catharanthus AP2-domain protein 4 (ORCA4), on the biosynthesis of TIAs in C. roseus. The results showed that overexpressing both two transcription factors could increase the accumulation of TIAs. The effect was more significant when ORCA4 was overexpressed. To acquire C. roseus TIAs on a continuous and consistent basis, we then created and acquired C. roseus stem cells stably overexpressing ORCA4. This is the first time a recombinant C. roseus stem cell system with stable ORCA4 overexpression has been developed, which not only provides new ideas for future research in this area but also breaches new life into the industrial application of using plant cell culture to obtain natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjian Yang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liuyu Ding
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zizheng Guo
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu X, Zhang P, Zhao Q, Huang AC. Making small molecules in plants: A chassis for synthetic biology-based production of plant natural products. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:417-443. [PMID: 35852486 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products have been extensively exploited in food, medicine, flavor, cosmetic, renewable fuel, and other industrial sectors. Synthetic biology has recently emerged as a promising means for the cost-effective and sustainable production of natural products. Compared with engineering microbes for the production of plant natural products, the potential of plants as chassis for producing these compounds is underestimated, largely due to challenges encountered in engineering plants. Knowledge in plant engineering is instrumental for enabling the effective and efficient production of valuable phytochemicals in plants, and also paves the way for a more sustainable future agriculture. In this manuscript, we briefly recap the biosynthesis of plant natural products, focusing primarily on industrially important terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenylpropanoids. We further summarize the plant hosts and strategies that have been used to engineer the production of natural products. The challenges and opportunities of using plant synthetic biology to achieve rapid and scalable production of high-value plant natural products are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiao Zhao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ancheng C Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Godbole RC, Pable AA, Singh S, Barvkar VT. Interplay of transcription factors orchestrating the biosynthesis of plant alkaloids. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:250. [PMID: 36051988 PMCID: PMC9424429 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants produce a range of secondary metabolites primarily as defence molecules. A plant has to invest considerable energy to synthesise alkaloids, and sometimes they are even toxic to themselves. Hence, the biosynthesis of alkaloids is a spatiotemporally regulated process under quantitative feedback regulation which is accomplished by the signal reception, transcriptional/translational regulation, transport, storage and accumulation. The transcription factors (TFs) initiate the biosynthesis of alkaloids after appropriate cues. The present study recapitulates last decade understanding of the role of TFs in alkaloid biosynthesis. The present review discusses TF families, viz. AP2/ERF, bHLH, WRKY, MYB involved in the biosynthesis of various types of alkaloids. It also highlights the role of the jasmonic acid cascade and post-translational modifications of TF proteins. A thorough understanding of TFs will help us to decide a strategy to facilitate successful pathway manipulation and in vitro production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rucha C. Godbole
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 India
| | - Anupama A. Pable
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 India
| | - Sudhir Singh
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094 India
| | - Vitthal T. Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Morey KJ, Peebles CAM. Hairy roots: An untapped potential for production of plant products. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:937095. [PMID: 35991443 PMCID: PMC9389236 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.937095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While plants are an abundant source of valuable natural products, it is often challenging to produce those products for commercial application. Often organic synthesis is too expensive for a viable commercial product and the biosynthetic pathways are often so complex that transferring them to a microorganism is not trivial or feasible. For plants not suited to agricultural production of natural products, hairy root cultures offer an attractive option for a production platform which offers genetic and biochemical stability, fast growth, and a hormone free culture media. Advances in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology tools to engineer hairy roots along with bioreactor technology is to a point where commercial application of the technology will soon be realized. We discuss different applications of hairy roots. We also use a case study of the advancements in understanding of the terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots to illustrate the advancements and challenges in pathway discovery and in pathway engineering.
Collapse
|
13
|
Hussain MJ, Abbas Y, Nazli N, Fatima S, Drouet S, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Root Cultures, a Boon for the Production of Valuable Compounds: A Comparative Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030439. [PMID: 35161423 PMCID: PMC8838425 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are an inevitable source of pharmaceutical drugs and most of the world population depends on these plants for health benefits. The increasing global demand for bioactive compounds from medicinal plants has posed a great threat to their existence due to overexploitation. Adventitious root and hairy root culture systems are an alternative approach to the conventional method for mass production of valuable compounds from medicinal plants owing to their rapid growth, biosynthetic and genetic stability. The main purpose of this review is to investigate the recent scientific research published worldwide on the application of adventitious and hairy root cultures to produce valuable compounds from medicinal plants. Furthermore, a comparison of adventitious root vs. hairy root cultures to produce valuable compounds has also been discussed. Various aspects such as medium composition, carbon source, pH, amount of macronutrients, optimization strategy, scale-up cultures, and use of biotic abiotic and nano-elicitors at various concentrations are the topic of discussion in this review. Several studies on adventitious and hairy root cultures of Polygonum multiflorum¸ Withania somnifera¸ Echinacea purpurea and Ajuga bracteosa have been discussed in detail which highlights the importance of elicitation strategies and bioreactor system, presenting commercial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masooma Jawad Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.J.H.); (Y.A.); (N.N.); (S.F.)
| | - Yawar Abbas
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.J.H.); (Y.A.); (N.N.); (S.F.)
| | - Naushaba Nazli
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.J.H.); (Y.A.); (N.N.); (S.F.)
| | - Sara Fatima
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.J.H.); (Y.A.); (N.N.); (S.F.)
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), University of Orleans, INRAE USC1328, F28000 Chartres, France; (S.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), University of Orleans, INRAE USC1328, F28000 Chartres, France; (S.D.); (C.H.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.J.H.); (Y.A.); (N.N.); (S.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yamada Y, Sato F. Transcription Factors in Alkaloid Engineering. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1719. [PMID: 34827717 PMCID: PMC8615522 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants produce a large variety of low-molecular-weight and specialized secondary compounds. Among them, nitrogen-containing alkaloids are the most biologically active and are often used in the pharmaceutical industry. Although alkaloid chemistry has been intensively investigated, characterization of alkaloid biosynthesis, including biosynthetic enzyme genes and their regulation, especially the transcription factors involved, has been relatively delayed, since only a limited number of plant species produce these specific types of alkaloids in a tissue/cell-specific or developmental-specific manner. Recent advances in molecular biology technologies, such as RNA sequencing, co-expression analysis of transcripts and metabolites, and functional characterization of genes using recombinant technology and cutting-edge technology for metabolite identification, have enabled a more detailed characterization of alkaloid pathways. Thus, transcriptional regulation of alkaloid biosynthesis by transcription factors, such as basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF), and WRKY, is well elucidated. In addition, jasmonate signaling, an important cue in alkaloid biosynthesis, and its cascade, interaction of transcription factors, and post-transcriptional regulation are also characterized and show cell/tissue-specific or developmental regulation. Furthermore, current sequencing technology provides more information on the genome structure of alkaloid-producing plants with large and complex genomes, for genome-wide characterization. Based on the latest information, we discuss the application of transcription factors in alkaloid engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Yamada
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Department of Plant Gene and Totipotency, Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ali B. Practical applications of jasmonates in the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
16
|
Liu Y, Patra B, Singh SK, Paul P, Zhou Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Pattanaik S, Yuan L. Terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus: effects and prospects of environmental factors in metabolic engineering. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:2085-2103. [PMID: 34564757 PMCID: PMC8510960 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Plants synthesize a vast array of specialized metabolites that primarily contribute to their defense and survival under adverse conditions. Many of the specialized metabolites have therapeutic values as drugs. Biosynthesis of specialized metabolites is affected by environmental factors including light, temperature, drought, salinity, and nutrients, as well as pathogens and insects. These environmental factors trigger a myriad of changes in gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. The dynamic changes in gene expression are mediated by several regulatory proteins that perceive and transduce the signals, leading to up- or down-regulation of the metabolic pathways. Exploring the environmental effects and related signal cascades is a strategy in metabolic engineering to produce valuable specialized metabolites. However, mechanistic studies on environmental factors affecting specialized metabolism are limited. The medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) is an important source of bioactive terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), including the anticancer therapeutics vinblastine and vincristine. The emerging picture shows that various environmental factors significantly alter TIA accumulation by affecting the expression of regulatory and enzyme-encoding genes in the pathway. Compared to our understanding of the TIA pathway in response to the phytohormone jasmonate, the impacts of environmental factors on TIA biosynthesis are insufficiently studied and discussed. This review thus focuses on these aspects and discusses possible strategies for metabolic engineering of TIA biosynthesis. PURPOSE OF WORK: Catharanthus roseus is a rich source of bioactive terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). The objective of this work is to present a comprehensive account of the influence of various biotic and abiotic factors on TIA biosynthesis and to discuss possible strategies to enhance TIA production through metabolic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 USA
| | - Barunava Patra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 USA
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 USA
| | - Yongqing Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Sitakanta Pattanaik
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 USA
| | - Ling Yuan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li CY, Gibson SI. Repression of ZCT1, ZCT2 and ZCT3 affects expression of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic and regulatory genes. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11624. [PMID: 34249496 PMCID: PMC8256811 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) include several valuable pharmaceuticals. As Catharanthus roseus remains the primary source of these TIA pharmaceuticals, several research groups have devoted substantial efforts to increase production of these compounds by C. roseus. Efforts to increase TIA production by overexpressing positive regulators of TIA biosynthetic genes have met with limited success. This limited success might be due to the fact that overexpression of several positive TIA regulators turns on expression of negative regulators of TIA biosynthetic genes. Consequently, a more effective approach for increasing expression of TIA biosynthetic genes might be to decrease expression of negative regulators of TIA biosynthetic genes. Towards this end, an RNAi construct was generated that expresses a hairpin RNA carrying nucleotide fragments from three negative transcriptional regulators of TIA genes, ZCT1, ZCT2 and ZCT3, under the control of a beta-estradiol inducible promoter. Transgenic C. roseus hairy root lines carrying this ZCT RNAi construct exhibit significant reductions in transcript levels of all three ZCT genes. Surprisingly, out of eight TIA biosynthetic genes analyzed, seven (CPR, LAMT, TDC, STR, 16OMT, D4H and DAT) exhibited decreased rather than increased transcript levels in response to reductions in ZCT transcript levels. The lone exception was T19H, which exhibited the expected negative correlation in transcript levels with transcript levels of all three ZCT genes. A possible explanation for the T19H expression pattern being the opposite of the expression patterns of the other TIA biosynthetic genes tested is that T19H shunts metabolites away from vindoline production whereas the products of the other genes tested shunt metabolites towards vindoline metabolism. Consequently, both increased expression of T19H and decreased expression of one or more of the other seven genes tested would be expected to have similar effects on flux through the TIA pathway. As T19H expression is lower in the ZCT RNAi hairy root lines than in the control hairy root line, the ZCTs could act directly to inhibit expression of T19H. In contrast, ZCT regulation of the other seven TIA biosynthetic genes tested is likely to occur indirectly, possibly by the ZCTs turning off expression of a negative transcriptional regulator of some TIA genes. In fact, transcript levels of a negative TIA transcriptional regulator, GBF1, exhibited a strong, and statistically significant, negative correlation with transcript levels of ZCT1, ZCT2 and ZCT3. Together, these findings suggest that the ZCTs repress expression of some TIA biosynthetic genes, but increase expression of other TIA biosynthetic genes, possibly by turning down expression of GBF1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yao Li
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Susan I Gibson
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Verma P, Khan SA, Parasharami V, Mathur AK. ZCTs knockdown using antisense LNA GapmeR in specialized photomixotrophic cell suspensions of Catharanthus roseus: Rerouting the flux towards mono and dimeric indole alkaloids. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1437-1453. [PMID: 34366588 PMCID: PMC8295446 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The present study was carried out to silence the transcription factor genes ZCT1, ZCT2 and ZCT3 via lipofectamine based antisense LNA GapmeRs transfection into the protoplasts of established photomixotrophic cell suspensions. The photomixotrophic cell suspensions with a threshold of 0.5% sucrose were raised and established using two-tiered CO2 providing flasks kept under high light intensity. The photomixotrophic cell suspensions showed morphologically different thick-walled cells under scanning electron microscopic analysis in comparison to the simple thin-walled parenchymatous control cell suspensions. The LC-MS analysis registered the vindoline production (0.0004 ± 0.0001 mg/g dry wt.) in photomixotrophic cell suspensions which was found to be absent in control cell suspensions. The protoplasts were isolated from the photomixotrophic cell suspensions and subjected to antisense LNA GapmeRs silencing. Three lines, viz. Z1A, Z2C and Z3G were obtained where complete silencing of ZCT1, ZCT2 and ZCT3 genes, respectively, was observed. The Z3G line was found to show maximum production of vindoline (0.038 ± 0.001 mg/g dry wt.), catharanthine (0.165 ± 0.008 mg/g dry wt.) and vinblastine (0.0036 ± 0.0003 mg/g dry wt.). This was supported by the multifold increment in the gene expression of TDC, SLS, STR, SGD, d4h, dat, CrT16H and Crprx. The present work indicates the master regulation of ZCT3 knockdown among all three ZCTs transcription factors in C. roseus to enhance the terpenoid indole alkaloids production. The successful silencing of transcription repressor genes has been achieved in C. roseus plant system by using photomixotrophic cell cultures through GapmeR based silencing. The present study is a step towards metabolic engineering of the TIAs pathway using protoplast transformation in C. roseus. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01017-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Verma
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune, 411008 India
| | - Shamshad Ahmad Khan
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune, 411008 India
- Applied Biotechnology Department, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, 411 Sur, Oman
| | - Varsha Parasharami
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune, 411008 India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mathur
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), PO-CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015 India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jeena GS, Kumar S, Shukla RK. Characterization of MYB35 regulated methyl jasmonate and wound responsive Geraniol 10-hydroxylase-1 gene from Bacopa monnieri. PLANTA 2021; 253:89. [PMID: 33818685 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BmG10H-1 transcript from B. monnieri was functionally active. BmG10H-1 promoter drives GUS activity in response to MeJA and wounding. BmMYB35 regulates BmG10H-1 transcript by binding to its promoter. Geraniol 10-hydroxylase (G10H) is one of the important regulatory cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of monoterpene alkaloids. However, G10H is not characterized at the enzymatic or at the regulatory aspect in B. monnieri. In the present study, we have identified two transcripts of BmG10H (BmG10H-1and BmG10H-2) and characterized the methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and wound responsive BmG10H-1 transcript from B. monnieri. BmG10H-1 showed induced expression after 3 h of MeJA and wounding treatment in the shoot. Yeast purified recombinant BmG10H-1 protein is enzymatically active, having Vmax of 0.16 µMsec-1 μg-1 protein and catalyzes the hydroxylation of geraniol to 10-hydroxy geraniol. The BmG10H-1 promoter was isolated by using the genome walking method. BmG10H-1 promoter can drive GUS expression in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. GUS activity of MeJA and wound-treated Arabidopsis seedlings were found to be increased as compared to the control untreated seedlings, whereas no GUS activity was found in deleted MeJA responsive and W-box cis-elements. This shows that the BmG10H-1 promoter contains functional MeJA (TGACG) and wound responsive (TGACCT) cis-elements. Further, shoot specific and MeJA responsive recombinant BmMYB35 protein was purified, which binds with the MYB recognition cis-element (TGGTTA) present in the BmG10H-1 promoter and transcriptionally activates the reporter gene in yeast. In conclusion, the characterization of MeJA and wound responsive BmG10H-1 provides novel information about its transcriptional regulation by binding with MYB transcription factor in B. monnieri.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra Singh Jeena
- Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Shukla
- Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rather GA, Sharma A, Misra P, Kumar A, Kaul V, Lattoo SK. Molecular characterization and overexpression analyses of secologanin synthase to understand the regulation of camptothecin biosynthesis in Nothapodytes nimmoniana (Graham.) Mabb. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:391-405. [PMID: 31701251 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Camptothecin is a high-value anti-cancerous compound produced in many taxonomically unrelated species. Its biosynthesis involves a complex network of pathways and a diverse array of intermediates. Here, we report the functional characterization and regulation of secologanin synthase (NnCYP72A1), a cytochrome P450 involved in camptothecin biosynthesis from Nothapodytes nimmoniana. It comprises an open reading frame of 1566 bp in length. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in vitro enzymatic assays using loganin as substrate confirmed the formation of secologanin. In planta transient overexpression analysis of NnCYP72A1 resulted in 4.21- and 2.73-fold increase in transcript levels of NnCYP72A1 on days 3 and 6 respectively. Phytochemical analysis of transformed tissues revealed ~ 1.13-1.43- and 2.02-2.86-fold increase in secologanin and CPT accumulation, respectively. Furthermore, promoter analysis of NnCYP72A1 resulted in the identification of several potential cis-regulatory elements corresponding to different stress-related components. Methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and wounding treatments resulted in considerable modulation of mRNA transcripts of NnCYP72A1 gene. Chemical analysis of elicitor-treated samples showed a significant increase in CPT content which was concordant with the mRNA transcript levels. Overall, the functional characterization and overexpression of NnCYP72A1 may plausibly enhance the pathway intermediates and serve as prognostic tool for enhancing CPT accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulzar A Rather
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Arti Sharma
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Prashant Misra
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Instrumentation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Veenu Kaul
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi, 180006, India
| | - Surrinder K Lattoo
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mortensen S, Weaver JD, Sathitloetsakun S, Cole LF, Rizvi NF, Cram EJ, Lee‐Parsons CWT. The regulation of ZCT1, a transcriptional repressor of monoterpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic genes in Catharanthus roseus. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00193. [PMID: 31909362 PMCID: PMC6937483 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cys2/His2-type (C2H2) zinc finger proteins, such as ZCT1, are an important class of transcription factors involved in growth, development, and stress responses in plants. In the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus, the zinc finger Catharanthus transcription factor (ZCT) family represses monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (MIA) biosynthetic gene expression. Here, we report the analysis of the ZCT1 promoter, which contains several hormone-responsive elements. ZCT1 is responsive to not only jasmonate, as was previously known, but is also induced by the synthetic auxin, 1-naphthalene acetic acid (1-NAA). Through promoter deletion analysis, we show that an activation sequence-1-like (as-1-like)-motif and other motifs contribute significantly to ZCT1 expression in seedlings. We also show that the activator ORCA3 does not transactivate the expression of ZCT1 in seedlings, but ZCT1 represses its own promoter, suggesting a feedback mechanism by which the expression of ZCT1 can be limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suphinya Sathitloetsakun
- Department of BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Lauren F. Cole
- Department of BioengineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Noreen F. Rizvi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Erin J. Cram
- Department of BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Carolyn W. T. Lee‐Parsons
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Present status of Catharanthus roseus monoterpenoid indole alkaloids engineering in homo- and hetero-logous systems. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 42:11-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
23
|
Effect of abiotic elicitation and pathway precursors feeding over terpenoid indole alkaloids production in multiple shoot and callus cultures of Catharanthus roseus. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
24
|
Chen K, Liu J, Ji R, Chen T, Zhou X, Yang J, Tong Y, Jiang C, Zhou J, Zhao Y, Jin Y, Yuan Y, Huang L. Biogenic Synthesis and Spatial Distribution of Endogenous Phytohormones and Ginsenosides Provide Insights on Their Intrinsic Relevance in Panax ginseng. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1951. [PMID: 30687354 PMCID: PMC6333697 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng, the root and rhizome of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., is a well-known and valuable traditional Chinese medicine. The pharmacological activities of ginseng are mainly attributed to the presence of ginsenosides, which are considered to be critical biomarkers for evaluating ginseng quality. The biosynthesis of triterpenes, which serve defensive functions in plants, is regulated by endogenous phytohormones that play key roles in growth and defense of plant populations. However, the role of major hormones that are closely related to secondary metabolism pathways in P. ginseng is poorly understood. To gain insight into their potential correlation, we performed a spatial synthesis analysis and studied the distribution of endogenous phytohormones and ginsenosides in different tissue regions of the entire P. ginseng plant. Gibberellins are growth hormones that accumulate in the fiber root. In contrast, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA), which are considered stress hormones, were predominantly found in the leaf and leaf peduncle. We observed a tissue-specific distribution of phytohormones consistent with the expression of genes involved in hormone biosynthesis that influenced ginsenoside synthesis and distribution. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of different endogenous phytohormones on triterpene metabolites in ginseng innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifeng Ji
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Chen
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuteng Zhou
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuru Tong
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jin
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pan Q, Wang C, Xiong Z, Wang H, Fu X, Shen Q, Peng B, Ma Y, Sun X, Tang K. CrERF5, an AP2/ERF Transcription Factor, Positively Regulates the Biosynthesis of Bisindole Alkaloids and Their Precursors in Catharanthus roseus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:931. [PMID: 31379908 PMCID: PMC6657538 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus contains a variety of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), among which bisindole alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine are well-known to have antitumor effects and widely used in clinical treatment. However, their contents in C. roseus is extremely low and difficult to meet market demands. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the transcriptional regulation mechanism of MIAs biosynthesis for high yielding of bisindole alkaloids in C. roseus. Studies have shown that MIAs biosynthesis in C. roseus has complex temporal and spacial specificity and is under tight transcriptional regulation, especially bisindole alkaloids. In this study, an AP2/ERF transcription factor CrERF5 was selected by RNA-seq of C. roseus organs, and its full-length sequence was cloned and characterized. CrERF5 responds to both ethylene and JA signals and is localized in the nucleus. CrERF5 could activate the transcriptional activity of the TDC promoter. Transient overexpressing CrERF5 in C. roseus petals caused a significant increase of the expression levels of key genes in both the upstream and downstream pathways of MIAs biosynthesis while silencing CrERF5 resulted in a decrease of them. Accordingly, the contents of bisindole alkaloids anhydrovinblastine and vinblastine, monoindole alkaloids ajmalicine, vindoline, and catharanthine were strongly enhanced in CrERF5-overexpressing petals while their contents decreased in CrERF5-silenced plants. These results suggested that CrERF5 is a novel positive ethylene-JA-inducible AP2/ERF transcription factor upregulating the MIAs biosynthetic pathway leading to the bisindole alkaloids accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qifang Pan
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qifang Pan,
| | - Chenyi Wang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Xiong
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqing Fu
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Peng
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofen Sun
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liang C, Chen C, Zhou P, Xu L, Zhu J, Liang J, Zi J, Yu R. Effect of Aspergillus flavus Fungal Elicitor on the Production of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus Cambial Meristematic Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123276. [PMID: 30544939 PMCID: PMC6320906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reported the inducing effect of Aspergillus flavus fungal elicitor on biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) in Catharanthus roseus cambial meristematic cells (CMCs) and its inducing mechanism. According to the results determined by HPLC and HPLC-MS/MS, the optimal condition of the A. flavus elicitor was as follows: after suspension culture of C. roseus CMCs for 6 day, 25 mg/L A. flavus mycelium elicitor were added, and the CMC suspensions were further cultured for another 48 h. In this condition, the contents of vindoline, catharanthine, and ajmaline were 1.45-, 3.29-, and 2.14-times as high as those of the control group, respectively. Transcriptome analysis showed that D4H, G10H, GES, IRS, LAMT, SGD, STR, TDC, and ORCA3 were involved in the regulation of this induction process. The results of qRT-PCR indicated that the increasing accumulations of vindoline, catharanthine, and ajmaline in C. roseus CMCs were correlated with the increasing expression of the above genes. Therefore, A. flavus fungal elicitor could enhance the TIA production of C. roseus CMCs, which might be used as an alternative biotechnological resource for obtaining bioactive alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuxin Liang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Lv Xu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jincai Liang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jiachen Zi
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Matekalo D, Skorić M, Nikolić T, Novaković L, Lukić M, Božunović J, Aničić N, Filipović B, Mišić D. Organ-specific and genotype-dependent constitutive biosynthesis of secoiridoid glucosides in Centaurium erythraea Rafn, and its elicitation with methyl jasmonate. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 155:69-82. [PMID: 30077897 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While bioactive properties of Centaurium erythraea Rafn secoiridoid glucosides (SG) are widely recognized, many aspects related to their biochemistry, metabolism and relationship to the overall plant physiology are not yet understood. Here we present for the first time an insight into the molecular background of organ-specific and genotype-dependent constitutive biosynthesis of secoiridoids in C. erythraea, by comparing chemical profiles and secoiridoid glucosides-related gene expression. Genes encoding enzymes for intermediate steps of secoiridoids biosynthesis up to secologanin have been identified by analysing transcriptomic data from C. erythraea leaves. Results suggest an organ-specific capacity for the production and accumulation of secoiridoid glucosides, and highlight leaves as the main biosynthesis site. They also point out that significant differences in SG content among various C. erythraea genotypes, are, at least partially, determined by different expression patterns of SG-related genes. The biosynthesis of SG in C. erythraea leaves is enhanced upon treatments with methyl jasmonate (MeJA), which causes reprogramming of SG-related gene expression, leading to an increased production of valuable bioactive compounds. The present study unveiled several rate-limiting genes (encoding GES, G8O, 8HGO, IS and 7DLGT) in SG biosynthesis. SLS and CPR are highlighted as important genes/enzymes that might regulate biosynthetic flux through SG pathway. Information gathered within this study will help us gain deeper insight into the SG metabolism and develop strategies for enhanced biosynthesis of specific secoiridoid glucosides in homologous or heterologous systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Matekalo
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marijana Skorić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Nikolić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazar Novaković
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milana Lukić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Božunović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neda Aničić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Filipović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Mišić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sui X, Singh SK, Patra B, Schluttenhofer C, Guo W, Pattanaik S, Yuan L. Cross-family transcription factor interaction between MYC2 and GBFs modulates terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4267-4281. [PMID: 29931167 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of medicinally valuable terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) in Catharanthus roseus is regulated by transcriptional activators such as the basic helix-loop-helix factor CrMYC2. However, the transactivation effects are often buffered by repressors, such as the bZIP factors CrGBF1 and CrGBF2, possibly to fine-tune the accumulation of cytotoxic TIAs. Questions remain as to whether and how these factors interact to modulate TIA production. We demonstrated that overexpression of CrMYC2 induces CrGBF expression and results in reduced alkaloid accumulation in C. roseus hairy roots. We found that CrGBF1 and CrGBF2 form homo- and heterodimers to repress the transcriptional activities of key TIA pathway gene promoters. We showed that CrGBFs dimerize with CrMYC2, and CrGBF1 binds to the same cis-elements (T/G-box) as CrMYC2 in the target gene promoters. Our findings suggest that CrGBFs antagonize CrMYC2 transactivation possibly by competitive binding to the T/G-box in the target promoters and/or protein-protein interaction that forms a non-DNA binding complex that prevents CrMYC2 from binding to its target promoters. Homo- and heterodimer formation allows fine-tuning of the amplitude of TIA gene expression. Our findings reveal a previously undescribed regulatory mechanism that governs the TIA pathway genes to balance metabolic flux for TIA production in C. roseus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Sui
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Barunava Patra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Craig Schluttenhofer
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Wen Guo
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sitakanta Pattanaik
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Patra B, Pattanaik S, Schluttenhofer C, Yuan L. A network of jasmonate-responsive bHLH factors modulate monoterpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:1566-1581. [PMID: 29178476 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The pharmaceutically valuable monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) in Catharanthus roseus are derived from the indole and iridoid pathways that respond to jasmonate (JA) signaling. Two classes of JA-responsive bHLH transcription factor (TF), CrMYC2 and BIS1/BIS2, are known to regulate the indole and iridoid pathways, respectively. However, upregulation of either one of the TF genes does not lead to increased MIA accumulation. Moreover, little is known about the interconnection between the CrMYC2 and BIS transcriptional cascades and the hierarchical position of BIS1/BIS2 in JA signaling. Here, we report that a newly identified bHLH factor, Repressor of MYC2 Targets 1 (RMT1), is activated by CrMYC2 and BIS1, and acts as a repressor of the CrMYC2 targets. In addition, we isolated and functionally characterized the core C. roseus JA signaling components, including CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1) and JASMONATE ZIM domain (JAZ) proteins. CrMYC2 and BIS1 are repressed by the JAZ proteins in the absence of JA, but de-repressed by the SCFCOI1 complex on perception of JA. Our findings suggest that the repressors, JAZs and RMT1, mediate crosstalk between the CrMYC2 and BIS regulatory cascades to balance the metabolic flux in MIA biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barunava Patra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, 1401 University Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Sitakanta Pattanaik
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, 1401 University Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Craig Schluttenhofer
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, 1401 University Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, 1401 University Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kumar SR, Shilpashree HB, Nagegowda DA. Terpene Moiety Enhancement by Overexpression of Geranyl(geranyl) Diphosphate Synthase and Geraniol Synthase Elevates Monomeric and Dimeric Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids in Transgenic Catharanthus roseus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:942. [PMID: 30034406 PMCID: PMC6043680 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus is the sole source of two of the most important anticancer monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs), vinblastine and vincristine and their precursors, vindoline and catharanthine. The MIAs are produced from the condensation of precursors derived from indole and terpene secoiridoid pathways. It has been previously reported that the terpene moiety limits MIA biosynthesis in C. roseus. Here, to overcome this limitation and enhance MIAs levels in C. roseus, bifunctional geranyl(geranyl) diphosphate synthase [G(G)PPS] and geraniol synthase (GES) that provide precursors for early steps of terpene moiety (secologanin) formation, were overexpressed transiently by agroinfiltration and stably by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Both transient and stable overexpression of G(G)PPS and co-expression of G(G)PPS+GES significantly enhanced the accumulation of secologanin, which in turn elevated the levels of monomeric MIAs. In addition, transgenic C. roseus plants exhibited increased levels of root alkaloid ajmalicine. The dimeric alkaloid vinblastine was enhanced only in G(G)PPS but not in G(G)PPS+GES transgenic lines that correlated with transcript levels of peroxidase-1 (PRX1) involved in coupling of vindoline and catharanthine into 3',4'-anhydrovinblastine, the immediate precursor of vinblastine. Moreover, first generation (T1) lines exhibited comparable transcript and metabolite levels to that of T0 lines. In addition, transgenic lines displayed normal growth similar to wild-type plants indicating that the bifunctional G(G)PPS enhanced flux toward both primary and secondary metabolism. These results revealed that improved availability of early precursors for terpene moiety biosynthesis enhanced production of MIAs in C. roseus at the whole plant level. This is the first report demonstrating enhanced accumulation of monomeric and dimeric MIAs including root MIA ajmalicine in C. roseus through transgenic approaches.
Collapse
|
31
|
Rather GA, Sharma A, Pandith SA, Kaul V, Nandi U, Misra P, Lattoo SK. De novo transcriptome analyses reveals putative pathway genes involved in biosynthesis and regulation of camptothecin in Nothapodytes nimmoniana (Graham) Mabb. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:197-215. [PMID: 29270891 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of leaf and root tissues of Nothapodytes nimmoniana unravels several putative pathway genes, transcription factors and CYPs related to camptothecin (CPT) biosynthesis. Additionally, post-transcriptional suppression by artificial microRNA (aMIR) of NnCYP76B6 (geraniol 10-hydroxylase) suggests its role in CPT biosynthesis. Tissue-specific LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of secologanin as the central intermediate of MIA pathway in N. nimmoniana. Nothapodytes nimmoniana is a rich source of potent anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT) whose biosynthetic pathway is unresolved due to the lack of genomic and transcriptomic information. Present investigation entails deep transcriptome analysis of N. nimmoniana which led to identification of putative pathway genes and regulatory components involved in CPT biosynthesis. Using Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform a total of 31,172,889 (6.23 Gb) and 31,218,626 (6.24 Gb) raw reads were generated from leaf and root wood, respectively. These were assembled de novo into 138,183 unique contigs. Additionally, 16 cytochrome P450 transcripts related to secondary metabolism were also identified. Further, transcriptome data pool presented 1683 putative transcription factors of which transcripts corresponding to WRKY TFs were the most abundant (14.14%). A total of 2741 transcripts were differentially expressed out of which 478 contigs showed downregulation in root wood and 2263 contigs were up-regulated. Further, comparative analyses of 17 genes involved in CPT biosynthetic pathway were validated by qRT-PCR. On basis of intermediates, two distinct seco-iridoid pathways are involved in the biosynthesis of monoterpene indole alkaloids either through multiple isomers of strictosidinic acid or strictosidine. Tissue-specific LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of secologanin as the central intermediate of MIA pathway in N. nimmoniana. Geraniol-10 hydroxylase (NnCYP76B6) an important enzyme in CPT biosynthesis which specifically shunts geraniol into the secologanin pathway was also cloned from the trancriptome resource. In planta transient expression of NnCYP76B6 showed a significant enhancement in mRNA transcript levels coincident with enhanced CPT accumulation. Further, artificial microRNA (aMIR) mediated downregulation of NnCYP76B6 resulted in reduction of mRNA transcript levels as well as CPT content in comparison to control. These empirical results suggest a plausible regulatory role for NnCYP76B6 in CPT biosynthesis and also establish a valuable repository for deciphering various structural, rate limiting and regulatory genes of CPT biosynthetic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulzar A Rather
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Arti Sharma
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Shahzad A Pandith
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Veenu Kaul
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi, 180006, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- PK-PD Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India
| | - Prashant Misra
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India.
| | - Surrinder K Lattoo
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu J, Gao F, Ren J, Lu X, Ren G, Wang R. A Novel AP2/ERF Transcription Factor CR1 Regulates the Accumulation of Vindoline and Serpentine in Catharanthus roseus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2082. [PMID: 29270185 PMCID: PMC5724233 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As one type of the most important alkaloids in the world, terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) show a wide range of pharmaceutical activities that are beneficial for clinical treatments. Catharanthus roseus produces approximately 130 identified TIAs and is considered to be a model plant to study TIA biosynthesis. In order to increase the production of high medical value metabolites whose yields are extremely low in C. roseus, genetic engineering combined with transcriptional regulation has been applied in recent years. By using bioinformatics which is based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-treated C. roseus as well as phylogenetic analysis, the present work aims to screen candidate genes that may be involved in the regulation of TIA biosynthesis, resulting in a novel AP2/ERF transcription factor, CR1 (Catharanthus roseus 1). Subsequently, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CR1 was carried out to identify the involvement of CR1 in the accumulations of several TIAs and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was then applied to detect the expression levels of 7 genes in the related biosynthetic pathway in silenced plants. The results show that all the 7 genes were upregulated in CR1-silenced plants. Furthermore, metabolite analyses indicate that silencing CR1 could increase the accumulations of vindoline and serpentine in C. roseus. These results suggest a novel negative regulator which may be involved in the TIAs biosynthetic pathway.
Collapse
|
33
|
Sun J, Zhao L, Shao Z, Shanks J, Peebles CAM. Expression of tabersonine 16-hydroxylase and 16-hydroxytabersonine-O-methyltransferase in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:673-683. [PMID: 29105731 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The monoterpene indole alkaloids vindoline and catharanthine, which are exclusively synthesized in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus, are the two important precursors for the production of pharmaceutically important anti-cancer medicines vinblastine and vincristine. Hairy root culture is an ideal platform for alkaloids production due to its industrial scalability, genetic and chemical stability, and availability of genetic engineering tools. However, C. roseus hairy roots do not produce vindoline due to the lack of expression of the seven-step pathway from tabersonine to vindoline [Murata & De Luca (2015) Plant Journal, 44, 581-594]. The present study describes the genetic engineering of the first two genes tabersonine 16-hydroxylase (T16H) and 16-O-methyl transferase (16OMT) in the missing vindoline pathway under the control of a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter to direct tabersonine toward vindoline biosynthesis in C. roseus hairy roots. In two transgenic hairy roots, the induced overexpression of T16H and 16OMT resulted in the accumulation of vindoline pathway metabolites 16-hydroxytabersonine and 16-methoxytabersonine. The levels of root-specific alkaloids, including lochnericine, 19-hydroxytabersonine and hörhammericine, significantly decreased in the induced hairy roots in comparison to the uninduced control lines. This suggests tabersonine was successfully channeled to the vindoline pathway away from the roots competing pathway based on the overexpression. Interestingly, another two new metabolites were detected in the induced hairy roots and proposed to be the epoxidized-16-hydroxytabersonine and lochnerinine. Thus, the introduction of vindoline pathway genes in hairy roots can cause unexpected terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIA) profile alterations. Furthermore, we observed complex transcriptional changes in TIA genes and regulators detected by RT-qPCR which highlight the tight regulation of the TIA pathway in response to T16H and 16OMT engineering in C. roseus hairy roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Le Zhao
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Ames, Iowa
| | - Zengyi Shao
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Ames, Iowa
| | - Jacqueline Shanks
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Center for Biorenewable Chemicals, Ames, Iowa
| | - Christie A M Peebles
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Alam P, Khan ZA, Abdin MZ, Khan JA, Ahmad P, Elkholy SF, Sharaf-Eldin MA. Efficient regeneration and improved sonication-assisted Agrobacterium transformation (SAAT) method for Catharanthus roseus. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:26. [PMID: 28401464 PMCID: PMC5388651 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus is an important medicinal plant known for its pharmacological qualities such as antimicrobial, anticancerous, antifeedant, antisterility, antidiabetic activities. More than 130 bioactive compounds like vinblastine, vindoline and vincristine have been synthesized in this plant. Extensive studies have been carried out for optimization regeneration and transformation protocols. Most of the protocol described are laborious and time-consuming. Due to sophisticated protocol of regeneration and genetic transformation, the production of these bioactive molecules is less and not feasible to be commercialized worldwide. Here we have optimized the efficient protocol for regeneration and transformation to minimize the time scale and enhance the transformation frequency through Agrobacterium and sonication-assisted transformation (SAAT) method. In this study, hypocotyl explants responded best for maximal production of transformed shoots. The callus percentage were recorded 52% with 1.0 mg L−1 (BAP) and 0.5 mg L−1 (NAA) while 80% shoot percentage obtained with 4.0 mg L−1 (BAP) and 0.05 mg L−1 (NAA). The microscopic studies revealed that the expression of GFP was clearly localized in leaf tissue of the C. roseus after transformation of pRepGFP0029 construct. Consequently, transformation efficiency was revealed on the basis of GFP localization. The transformation efficiency of SAAT method was 6.0% comparable to 3.5% as conventional method. Further, PCR analysis confirmed the integration of the nptII gene in the transformed plantlets of C. roseus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pravej Alam
- Sara Alghonaim Research Chair (SRC), Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Alkharj, 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Zainul Abdeen Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Malik Zainul Abdin
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Jawaid A Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shereen F Elkholy
- Sara Alghonaim Research Chair (SRC), Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Alkharj, 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Plant Transformation and Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Centre (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Sharaf-Eldin
- Sara Alghonaim Research Chair (SRC), Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (PSAU), Alkharj, 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Paul P, Singh SK, Patra B, Sui X, Pattanaik S, Yuan L. A differentially regulated AP2/ERF transcription factor gene cluster acts downstream of a MAP kinase cascade to modulate terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1107-1123. [PMID: 27801944 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus produces bioactive terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), including the chemotherapeutics, vincristine and vinblastine. Transcriptional regulation of TIA biosynthesis is not fully understood. The jasmonic acid (JA)-responsive AP2/ERF transcription factor (TF), ORCA3, and its regulator, CrMYC2, play key roles in TIA biosynthesis. ORCA3 forms a physical cluster with two uncharacterized AP2/ERFs, ORCA4 and 5. Here, we report that (1) the ORCA gene cluster is differentially regulated; (2) ORCA4, while overlapping functionally with ORCA3, modulates an additional set of TIA genes. Unlike ORCA3, ORCA4 overexpression resulted in dramatic increase of TIA accumulation in C. roseus hairy roots. In addition, CrMYC2 is capable of activating ORCA3 and co-regulating TIA pathway genes concomitantly with ORCA3. The ORCA gene cluster and CrMYC2 act downstream of a MAP kinase cascade that includes a previously uncharacterized MAP kinase kinase, CrMAPKK1. Overexpression of CrMAPKK1 in C. roseus hairy roots upregulated TIA pathways genes and increased TIA accumulation. This work provides detailed characterization of a TF gene cluster and advances our understanding of the transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms that govern TIA biosynthesis in C. roseus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Paul
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research Development Center, University of Kentucky, 1401 University Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research Development Center, University of Kentucky, 1401 University Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Barunava Patra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research Development Center, University of Kentucky, 1401 University Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Xueyi Sui
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research Development Center, University of Kentucky, 1401 University Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Sitakanta Pattanaik
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research Development Center, University of Kentucky, 1401 University Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Kentucky Tobacco Research Development Center, University of Kentucky, 1401 University Drive, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu J, Cai J, Wang R, Yang S. Transcriptional Regulation and Transport of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid in Catharanthus roseus: Exploration of New Research Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010053. [PMID: 28036025 PMCID: PMC5297688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the model medicinal plants for exploration of biochemical pathways and molecular biological questions on complex metabolic pathways, Catharanthus roseus synthesizes more than 100 terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) used for clinical treatment of various diseases and for new drug discovery. Given that extensive studies have revealed the major metabolic pathways and the spatial-temporal biosynthesis of TIA in C. roseus plant, little is known about subcellular and inter-cellular trafficking or long-distance transport of TIA end products or intermediates, as well as their regulation. While these transport processes are indispensable for multi-organelle, -tissue and -cell biosynthesis, storage and their functions, great efforts have been made to explore these dynamic cellular processes. Progress has been made in past decades on transcriptional regulation of TIA biosynthesis by transcription factors as either activators or repressors; recent studies also revealed several transporters involved in subcellular and inter-cellular TIA trafficking. However, many details and the regulatory network for controlling the tissue-or cell-specific biosynthesis, transport and storage of serpentine and ajmalicine in root, catharanthine in leaf and root, vindoline specifically in leaf and vinblastine and vincristine only in green leaf and their biosynthetic intermediates remain to be determined. This review is to summarize the progress made in biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation and transport of TIAs. Based on analysis of organelle, tissue and cell-type specific biosynthesis and progresses in transport and trafficking of similar natural products, the transporters that might be involved in transport of TIAs and their synthetic intermediates are discussed; according to transcriptome analysis and bioinformatic approaches, the transcription factors that might be involved in TIA biosynthesis are analyzed. Further discussion is made on a broad context of transcriptional and transport regulation in order to guide our future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- College of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130047, China.
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Junjun Cai
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Shihai Yang
- College of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130047, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhao L, Shao Z, Shanks JV. Anticancer Drugs. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527807833.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhao
- Iowa State University; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; 4140 Biorenewables Research Laboratory, 617 Bissell Road Ames 50011 IA USA
| | - Zengyi Shao
- Iowa State University; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; 4140 Biorenewables Research Laboratory, 617 Bissell Road Ames 50011 IA USA
| | - Jacqueline V Shanks
- Iowa State University; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; 4140 Biorenewables Research Laboratory, 617 Bissell Road Ames 50011 IA USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sun J, Ma L, San KY, Peebles CAM. Still stable after 11 years: ACatharanthus roseusHairy root line maintains inducible expression of anthranilate synthase. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:66-69. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Sun
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO
| | - Li Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Dept. of Bioengineering; Rice University; Houston TX
| | - Ka-Yiu San
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Dept. of Bioengineering; Rice University; Houston TX
| | - Christie A. M. Peebles
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Albers SC, Peebles CAM. Evaluating Light-Induced Promoters for the Control of Heterologous Gene Expression inSynechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:45-53. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stevan C. Albers
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523
| | - Christie A. M. Peebles
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sun J, Peebles CAM. Engineering overexpression of ORCA3 and strictosidine glucosidase in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots increases alkaloid production. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:1255-64. [PMID: 26351111 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus produces many pharmaceutically important terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) such as vinblastine, vincristine, ajmalicine, and serpentine. Past metabolic engineering efforts have pointed to the tight regulation of the TIA pathway and to multiple rate-limiting reactions. Transcriptional regulator ORCA3 (octadecanoid responsive Catharanthus AP2-domain protein), activated by jasmonic acid, plays a central role in regulating the TIA pathway. In this study, overexpressing ORCA3 under the control of a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter in C. roseus hairy roots resulted in no change in the total amount of TIAs measured. RT-qPCR results showed that ORCA3 overexpression triggered the upregulation of transcripts of most of the known TIA pathway genes. One notable exception was the decrease in strictosidine glucosidase (SGD) transcripts. These results corresponded to previously published results. In this study, ORCA3 and SGD were both engineered in hairy roots under the control of a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter. Co-overexpression of ORCA3 and SGD resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in serpentine by 44 %, ajmalicine by 32 %, catharanthine by 38 %, tabersonine by 40 %, lochnericine by 60 % and hörhammericine by 56 % . The total alkaloid pool was increased significantly by 47 %. Thus, combining overexpression of a positive regulator and a pathway gene which is not controlled by this regulator provided a way to enhance alkaloid production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Sun
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Campus delivery 1301, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1301, USA
| | - Christie A M Peebles
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Campus delivery 1301, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1301, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rizvi NF, Weaver JD, Cram EJ, Lee-Parsons CWT. Silencing the Transcriptional Repressor, ZCT1, Illustrates the Tight Regulation of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus Hairy Roots. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159712. [PMID: 27467510 PMCID: PMC4965073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Catharanthus roseus plant is the source of many valuable terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), including the anticancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine. Transcription factors (TFs) are promising metabolic engineering targets due to their ability to regulate multiple biosynthetic pathway genes. To increase TIA biosynthesis, we elicited the TIA transcriptional activators (ORCAs and other unidentified TFs) with the plant hormone, methyl jasmonate (MJ), while simultaneously silencing the expression of the transcriptional repressor ZCT1. To silence ZCT1, we developed transgenic hairy root cultures of C. roseus that expressed an estrogen-inducible Zct1 hairpin for activating RNA interference. The presence of 17β-estradiol (5μM) effectively depleted Zct1 in hairy root cultures elicited with MJ dosages that either optimize or inhibit TIA production (250 or 1000μM). However, silencing Zct1 was not sufficient to increase TIA production or the expression of the TIA biosynthetic genes (G10h, Tdc, and Str), illustrating the tight regulation of TIA biosynthesis. The repression of the TIA biosynthetic genes at the inhibitory MJ dosage does not appear to be solely regulated by ZCT1. For instance, while Zct1 and Zct2 levels decreased through activating the Zct1 hairpin, Zct3 levels remained elevated. Since ZCT repressors have redundant yet distinct functions, silencing all three ZCTs may be necessary to relieve their repression of alkaloid biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noreen F Rizvi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States of America
| | - Jessica D Weaver
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States of America
| | - Erin J Cram
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States of America
| | - Carolyn W T Lee-Parsons
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Huang Y, Tan H, Guo Z, Wu X, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Diao Y. The biosynthesis and genetic engineering of bioactive indole alkaloids in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s12374-016-0032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
|
43
|
Sun J, Manmathan H, Sun C, Peebles CAM. Examining the transcriptional response of overexpressing anthranilate synthase in the hairy roots of an important medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus by RNA-seq. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:108. [PMID: 27154243 PMCID: PMC4859987 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically important anti-cancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine are solely synthesized by the terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) pathway in Catharanthus roseus. Anthranilate synthase (AS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the TIA pathway. The transgenic C. roseus hairy root line overexpressing a feedback insensitive ASα subunit under the control of an inducible promoter and the ASβ subunit constitutively was previously created for the overproduction of TIAs. However, both increases and decreases in TIAs were detected after overexpressing ASα. Although genetic modification is targeted to one gene in the TIA pathway, it could trigger global transcriptional changes that can directly or indirectly affect TIA biosynthesis. In this study, Illumina sequencing and RT-qPCR were used to detect the transcriptional responses to overexpressing AS, which can increase understanding of the complex regulation of the TIA pathway and further inspire rational metabolic engineering for enhanced TIA production in C. roseus hairy roots. RESULTS Overexpressing AS in C. roseus hairy roots altered the transcription of most known TIA pathway genes and regulators after 12, 24, and 48 h induction detected by RT-qPCR. Changes in the transcriptome of C. roseus hairy roots was further investigated 18 hours after ASα induction and compared to the control hairy roots using RNA-seq. A unigene set of 30,281 was obtained by de novo assembly of the sequencing reads. Comparison of the differentially expressed transcriptional profiles resulted in 2853 differentially expressed transcripts. Functional annotation of these transcripts revealed a complex and systematically transcriptome change in ASαβ hairy roots. Pathway analysis shows alterations in many pathways such as aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and other secondary metabolic pathways after perturbing AS. Moreover, many genes in overall stress response were differentially expressed after overexpressing ASα. CONCLUSION The transcriptomic analysis illustrates overexpressing AS stimulates the overall stress response and affects the metabolic networks in C. roseus hairy roots. The up-regulation of endogenous JA biosynthesis pathway indicates the involvement of JA signal transduction to regulate TIA biosynthesis in ASαβ engineered roots and explained why many of the transcripts for TIA genes and regulators are seen to increase with AS overexpression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Sun
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Campus delivery 1370, Fort Collins, 80523, USA
| | - Harish Manmathan
- Soil and Crop Sciences Department, Colorado State University, Campus deliver 1170, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80521, USA
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Beijing, 10093, China
| | - Christie A M Peebles
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Campus delivery 1370, Fort Collins, 80523, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rusanov K, Atanassov A, Atanassov I. Engineering Cell and Organ Cultures from Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Toward Commercial Production of Bioactive Metabolites. REFERENCE SERIES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32004-5_8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
45
|
Udomsom N, Rai A, Suzuki H, Okuyama J, Imai R, Mori T, Nakabayashi R, Saito K, Yamazaki M. Function of AP2/ERF Transcription Factors Involved in the Regulation of Specialized Metabolism in Ophiorrhiza pumila Revealed by Transcriptomics and Metabolomics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1861. [PMID: 28018397 PMCID: PMC5145908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The hairy roots (HR) of Ophiorrhiza pumila produce camptothecin (CPT), a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid used as a precursor in the synthesis of chemotherapeutic drugs. O. pumila HR culture is considered as a promising alternative source of CPT, however, the knowledge about the biosynthetic pathway and regulatory mechanism is still limited. In this study, five genes that encode AP2/ERF transcription factors, namely OpERF1-OpERF5, were isolated from HR of O. pumila. Phylogenetic analysis of AP2/ERF protein sequences suggested the close evolutionary relationship of OpERF1 with stress-responsive ERF factors in Arabidopsis and of OpERF2 with ERF factors reported to regulate alkaloid production, such as ORCA3 in Catharanthus roseus, NIC2 locus ERF in tobacco, and JRE4 in tomato. We generated the transgenic HR lines of O. pumila, ERF1i and ERF2i, in which the expression of OpERF1 and OpERF2, respectively, was suppressed using RNA interference technique. The transcriptome and metabolome of these suppressed HR were analyzed for functional characterization of OpERF1 and OpERF2. Although significant changes were not observed in the metabolome, including CPT and related compounds, the suppression of OpERF2 resulted in reduced expression of genes in the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate and secologanin-strictosidine pathways, which supply a precursor, strictosidine, for CPT biosynthesis. Furthermore, while it was not conclusive for OpERF1, enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in the suppressed HR showed that the gene ontology terms for oxidation-reduction, presumably involved in secondary metabolite pathways, were enriched in the ERF2i downregulated gene set. These results suggest a positive role of OpERF2 in regulating specialized metabolism in O. pumila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirin Udomsom
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan
| | - Amit Rai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research InstituteChiba, Japan
| | - Jun Okuyama
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Imai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceKanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceKanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceKanagawa, Japan
| | - Mami Yamazaki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba UniversityChiba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Mami Yamazaki
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang W, Yang J, Zi J, Zhu J, Song L, Yu R. Effects of Adding Vindoline and MeJA on Production of Vincristine and Vinblastine, and Transcription of their Biosynthetic Genes in the Cultured CMCs of Catharanthus roseus. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501001220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vincristine and vinblastine were found by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) in Catharanthus roseus cambial meristem cells (CMCs) jointly treated with 0.25 mM vindolineand methyl jasmonate (MeJA), suggesting that C. roseus CMCs contain a complete set of the enzymes which are in response to convert vindoline into vincristine and vinblastine. Based on the facts that the transcript levels of vindoline-biosynthetic genes ( STR, SGD and D4H) were up-regulated instead of being down-regulated by adding itself to the culture, and that the transcriptional factor ORCA3 was up-regulated simultaneously, we further confirmed that the transcription of STR, SGD, D4H was manipulated by ORCA3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Zhang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiazeng Yang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiachen Zi
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liyan Song
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li CY, Leopold AL, Sander GW, Shanks JV, Zhao L, Gibson SI. CrBPF1 overexpression alters transcript levels of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic and regulatory genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:818. [PMID: 26483828 PMCID: PMC4589645 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus is a complex and highly regulated process. Understanding the biochemistry and regulation of the TIA pathway is of particular interest as it may allow the engineering of plants to accumulate higher levels of pharmaceutically important alkaloids. Toward this end, we generated a transgenic C. roseus hairy root line that overexpresses the CrBPF1 transcriptional activator under the control of a β-estradiol inducible promoter. CrBPF1 is a MYB-like protein that was previously postulated to help regulate the expression of the TIA biosynthetic gene STR. However, the role of CrBPF1 in regulation of the TIA and related pathways had not been previously characterized. In this study, transcriptional profiling revealed that overexpression of CrBPF1 results in increased transcript levels for genes from both the indole and terpenoid biosynthetic pathways that provide precursors for TIA biosynthesis, as well as for genes in the TIA biosynthetic pathway. In addition, overexpression of CrBPF1 causes increases in the transcript levels for 11 out of 13 genes postulated to act as transcriptional regulators of genes from the TIA and TIA feeder pathways. Interestingly, overexpression of CrBPF1 causes increased transcript levels for both TIA transcriptional activators and repressors. Despite the fact that CrBPF1 overexpression affects transcript levels of a large percentage of TIA biosynthetic and regulatory genes, CrBPF1 overexpression has only very modest effects on the levels of the TIA metabolites analyzed. This finding may be due, at least in part, to the up-regulation of both transcriptional activators and repressors in response to CrBPF1 overexpression, suggesting that CrBPF1 may serve as a "fine-tune" regulator for TIA biosynthesis, acting to help regulate the timing and amplitude of TIA gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yao Li
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint PaulMN, USA
| | - Alex L. Leopold
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint PaulMN, USA
| | - Guy W. Sander
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota DuluthDuluth, MN, USA
| | - Jacqueline V. Shanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, USA
| | - Le Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, USA
| | - Susan I. Gibson
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint PaulMN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mehrotra S, Srivastava V, Ur Rahman L, Kukreja AK. Hairy root biotechnology--indicative timeline to understand missing links and future outlook. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:1189-201. [PMID: 25626898 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy roots (HR) were developed in the laboratory to mimic the natural phenomenon of bacterial gene transfer and occurrence of disease syndrome. The timeline analysis revealed that during 90 s, the research expanded to the hairy root-based secondary metabolite production and different yield enhancement strategies like media optimization, up-scaling, metabolic engineering etc. An outlook indicates that much emphasis has been given to the strategies that are helpful in making this technology more practical in terms of high productivity at low cost. However, a sequential analysis of literature shows that this technique is upgraded to a biotechnology platform where different intra- and interdisciplinary work areas were established, progressed, and diverged to provide scientific benefits of various hairy root-based applications like phytoremediation, molecular farming, biotransformation, etc. In the present scenario, this biotechnology research platform includes (a) elemental research like hairy root-mediated secondary metabolite production coupled with productivity enhancement strategies and (b) HR-based functional research. The latter comprised of hairy root-based applied aspects such as generation of agro-economical traits in plants, production of high value as well as less hazardous molecules through biotransformation/farming and remediation, respectively. This review presents an indicative timeline portrayal of hairy root research reflected by a chronology of research outputs. The timeline also reveals a progressive trend in the state-of-art global advances in hairy root biotechnology. Furthermore, the review also discusses ideas to explore missing links and to deal with the challenges in future progression and prospects of research in all related fields of this important area of plant biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakti Mehrotra
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, PO: CIMAP, Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226015, India,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
The bHLH transcription factor BIS1 controls the iridoid branch of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid pathway in Catharanthus roseus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:8130-5. [PMID: 26080427 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1504951112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants make specialized bioactive metabolites to defend themselves against attackers. The conserved control mechanisms are based on transcriptional activation of the respective plant species-specific biosynthetic pathways by the phytohormone jasmonate. Knowledge of the transcription factors involved, particularly in terpenoid biosynthesis, remains fragmentary. By transcriptome analysis and functional screens in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle), the unique source of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (MIA)-type anticancer drugs vincristine and vinblastine, we identified a jasmonate-regulated basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor from clade IVa inducing the monoterpenoid branch of the MIA pathway. The bHLH iridoid synthesis 1 (BIS1) transcription factor transactivated the expression of all of the genes encoding the enzymes that catalyze the sequential conversion of the ubiquitous terpenoid precursor geranyl diphosphate to the iridoid loganic acid. BIS1 acted in a complementary manner to the previously characterized ethylene response factor Octadecanoid derivative-Responsive Catharanthus APETALA2-domain 3 (ORCA3) that transactivates the expression of several genes encoding the enzymes catalyzing the conversion of loganic acid to the downstream MIAs. In contrast to ORCA3, overexpression of BIS1 was sufficient to boost production of high-value iridoids and MIAs in C. roseus suspension cell cultures. Hence, BIS1 might be a metabolic engineering tool to produce sustainably high-value MIAs in C. roseus plants or cultures.
Collapse
|
50
|
Afrin S, Huang JJ, Luo ZY. JA-mediated transcriptional regulation of secondary metabolism in medicinal plants. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|