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Sallam IE, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Schäpe SS, Zaghloul SS, El-Dine RS, Shao P, von Bergen M, Farag MA. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Biotransformation of Opuntia Ficus Fruit: The Effect of In Vitro and Ex Vivo Gut Microbiota Metabolism. Molecules 2022; 27:7568. [PMID: 36364395 PMCID: PMC9653959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Opuntia ficus-indica biological effects are attributed to several bioactive metabolites. However, these actions could be altered in vivo by biotransformation reactions mainly via gut microbiota. This study assessed gut microbiota effect on the biotransformation of O. ficus-indica metabolites both in vitro and ex vivo. Two-time aliquots (0.5 and 24 h) from the in vitro assay were harvested post incubation of O. ficus-indica methanol extract with microbial consortium, while untreated and treated samples with fecal bacterial culture from the ex vivo assay were prepared. Metabolites were analyzed using UHPLC-QTOF-MS, with flavonoid glycosides completely hydrolyzed in vitro at 24 h being converted to two major metabolites, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid and phloroglucinol, concurrent with an increase in the gallic acid level. In case of the ex vivo assay, detected flavonoid glycosides in untreated sample were completely absent from treated counterpart with few flavonoid aglycones and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in parallel to an increase in piscidic acid. In both assays, fatty and organic acids were completely hydrolyzed being used as energy units for bacterial growth. Chemometric tools were employed revealing malic and (iso)citric acids as the main discriminating metabolites in vitro showing an increased abundance at 0.5 h, whereas in ex vivo assay, (iso)citric, aconitic and mesaconic acids showed an increase at untreated sample. Piscidic acid was a significant marker for the ex vivo treated sample. DPPH, ORAC and FRAP assays were further employed to determine whether these changes could be associated with changes in antioxidant activity, and all assays showed a decline in antioxidant potential post biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim E. Sallam
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ GmbH, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Serena Schäpe
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ GmbH, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Soumaya S. Zaghloul
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Riham S. El-Dine
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ GmbH, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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2
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Zhu Z, Wu Y, Hu W, Zheng X, Chen Y. Valorization of food waste fermentation liquid into single cell protein by photosynthetic bacteria via stimulating carbon metabolic pathway and environmental behaviour. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127704. [PMID: 35908636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single cell protein (SCP) production by photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) is dependent on the bioavailability of carbon source, while sufficient volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in food waste fermentation liquid might be a potential alternative. It is unclear how the fermentation liquid affects the SCP biosynthesis and the related metabolic mechanism. This work demonstrated that the SCP production could be improved effectively (2088.4 mg/L) with high conversion capacity of carbon source (0.99 mg-biomass/mg-COD) by regulating carbon source level. PSB preferred to utilize the VFAs in food waste fermentation liquid. The carbon metabolic pathways (e.g., the transformation of VFAs to acetyl-CoA, and tricarboxylic acid cycle) involved in the SCP production were enhanced under optimal condition. Moreover, optimal carbon source regulation could significantly stimulate the environmental behaviour of PSB (e.g., two-component system, quorum sensing, and ATP-binding cassette transporter) involved in adaptation to external stimulus and maintaining high bacterial activity, resulting in SCP yield promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wanying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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3
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Insights on the Advancements of In Silico Metabolic Studies of Succinic Acid Producing Microorganisms: A Review with Emphasis on Actinobacillus succinogenes. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Succinic acid (SA) is one of the top candidate value-added chemicals that can be produced from biomass via microbial fermentation. A considerable number of cell factories have been proposed in the past two decades as native as well as non-native SA producers. Actinobacillus succinogenes is among the best and earliest known natural SA producers. However, its industrial application has not yet been realized due to various underlying challenges. Previous studies revealed that the optimization of environmental conditions alone could not entirely resolve these critical problems. On the other hand, microbial in silico metabolic modeling approaches have lately been the center of attention and have been applied for the efficient production of valuable commodities including SA. Then again, literature survey results indicated the absence of up-to-date reviews assessing this issue, specifically concerning SA production. Hence, this review was designed to discuss accomplishments and future perspectives of in silico studies on the metabolic capabilities of SA producers. Herein, research progress on SA and A. succinogenes, pathways involved in SA production, metabolic models of SA-producing microorganisms, and status, limitations and prospects on in silico studies of A. succinogenes were elaborated. All in all, this review is believed to provide insights to understand the current scenario and to develop efficient mathematical models for designing robust SA-producing microbial strains.
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Kim HJ, Jeong H, Lee SJ. Short-Term Adaptation Modulates Anaerobic Metabolic Flux to Succinate by Activating ExuT, a Novel D-Glucose Transporter in Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:27. [PMID: 32038601 PMCID: PMC6989600 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) is an essential energy-saving mechanism, particularly under anaerobic conditions. Since the PTS consumes equimolar phosphoenolpyruvate to phosphorylate each molecule of internalized glucose in the process of pyruvate generation, its absence can adversely affect the mixed acid fermentation profile and cell growth under anaerobic conditions. In this study, we report that the ΔptsG mutant cells of Escherichia coli K-12 strain exhibited inefficient glucose utilization, produced a significant amount of succinate, and exhibited a low growth rate. However, cells adapted soon after and started to grow rapidly in the same batch culture. As a result, the adapted ΔptsG cells showed the same mixed acid fermentation profiles as the wild-type cells, which was attributed to the mutation of the mlc gene, a repressor of the D-mannose PTS, another transporter for D-glucose. Similar adaptations were observed in the cells with ΔptsGΔmanX and the cells with ΔptsI that resulted in the production of a substantial amount of succinate and fast growth rate. The genome sequencing showed the presence of null mutations in the exuR gene, which encodes a modulator of exuT-encoded non-PTS sugar transporter, in adapted ΔptsGΔmanX and ΔptsI strains. Results from the RT-qPCR analysis and genetic test confirmed that the enhanced expression of ExuT, a non-PTS sugar transporter, was responsible for the uptake of D-glucose, increased succinate production, and fast growth of adapted cells. In conclusion, our study showed that the regulatory network of sugar transporters can be modulated by short-term adaptation and that downstream metabolic flux could be significantly determined by the choice of sugar transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Haeyoung Jeong
- Gwanggyo R&D Center, Medytox Inc., Suwon, South Korea.,Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang Jun Lee
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
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5
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Huang B, Fang G, Wu H, Sun J, Li Z, Ye Q. Efficient Biosynthesis of Succinate from Paper Mill Wastewater by Engineered Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:1195-1208. [PMID: 31222619 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of wastewater containing various organic compounds is generated in the paper-making industry. Therefore, the re-utilization of wastewater from paper-making is of great importance. In this study, acetic acid and formic acid, the dominant inhibitors existing in the paper mill wastewater, were used to produce succinate by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strains, HB04(pTrc99a-gltA) and HB04(pTrc99a-gltA, pBAD33-Trc-fdh). The distilled paper mill wastewater could be utilized and transformed directly to succinate efficiently. However, the utilization of acetate was inhibited dramatically using raw paper mill wastewater. After adsorption by activate carbon, the acetate consumption and succinate production were improved significantly. In the resting cells experiment with high cell density (50 OD600), acetate was consumed completely and the titer of succinate reached 65.44 mM in 6 h. These results showed that the metabolically engineered E. coli strains had great potential to utilize acetic acid in the paper mill wastewater for succinate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Guochen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Engineering of China National Light Industry Council, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jibin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjian Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China. .,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Qin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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6
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Current advances of succinate biosynthesis in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:1040-1048. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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7
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Jian X, Li N, Chen Q, Hua Q. Model-guided identification of novel gene amplification targets for improving succinate production in Escherichia coli NZN111. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:830-835. [PMID: 28884171 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00077d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reconstruction and application of genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) have facilitated metabolic engineering by providing a platform on which systematic computational analysis of metabolic networks can be performed. In this study, a GEM of Escherichia coli NZN111 was employed by the analysis of production and growth coupling (APGC) algorithm to identify genetic strategies for the overproduction of succinate. Through in silico simulation and reaction expression analysis, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PPC), encoded by gapA, pgk, tpiA, and ppc, respectively, were selected for experimental overexpression. The results showed that overexpressing any of these could improve both growth and succinate production. Specifically, overexpression of GAPDH or PGK showed a significant effect with up to 24% increase in succinate production. These results indicate that the APGC algorithm can be effectively used to guide genetic manipulation for strain design by identifying genome-wide gene amplification targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Global metabolic rewiring for improved CO 2 fixation and chemical production in cyanobacteria. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14724. [PMID: 28287087 PMCID: PMC5355792 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria have attracted much attention as hosts to recycle CO2 into valuable chemicals. Although cyanobacteria have been engineered to produce various compounds, production efficiencies are too low for commercialization. Here we engineer the carbon metabolism of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 to improve glucose utilization, enhance CO2 fixation and increase chemical production. We introduce modifications in glycolytic pathways and the Calvin Benson cycle to increase carbon flux and redirect it towards carbon fixation. The engineered strain efficiently uses both CO2 and glucose, and produces 12.6 g l−1 of 2,3-butanediol with a rate of 1.1 g l−1 d−1 under continuous light conditions. Removal of native regulation enables carbon fixation and 2,3-butanediol production in the absence of light. This represents a significant step towards industrial viability and an excellent example of carbon metabolism plasticity. Cyanobacteria are promising biofactories to reduce atmospheric CO2 and convert it into chemicals. Here the authors engineer Synechococcus elongatus carbon metabolism to increase 2,3-butanediol production from glucose and CO2 under light and dark conditions.
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9
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Doi H, Tokura Y, Mori Y, Mori K, Asakura Y, Usuda Y, Fukuda H, Chinen A. Identification of enzymes responsible for extracellular alginate depolymerization and alginate metabolism in Vibrio algivorus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:1581-1592. [PMID: 27915375 PMCID: PMC5266763 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alginate is a marine non-food-competing polysaccharide that has potential applications in biorefinery. Owing to its large size (molecular weight >300,000 Da), alginate cannot pass through the bacterial cell membrane. Therefore, bacteria that utilize alginate are presumed to have an enzyme that degrades extracellular alginate. Recently, Vibrio algivorus sp. SA2T was identified as a novel alginate-decomposing and alginate-utilizing species. However, little is known about the mechanism of alginate degradation and metabolism in this species. To address this issue, we screened the V. algivorus genomic DNA library for genes encoding polysaccharide-decomposing enzymes using a novel double-layer plate screening method and identified alyB as a candidate. Most identified alginate-decomposing enzymes (i.e., alginate lyases) must be concentrated and purified before extracellular alginate depolymerization. AlyB of V. algivorus heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli depolymerized extracellular alginate without requiring concentration or purification. We found seven homologues in the V. algivorus genome (alyB, alyD, oalA, oalB, oalC, dehR, and toaA) that are thought to encode enzymes responsible for alginate transport and metabolism. Introducing these genes into E. coli enabled the cells to assimilate soluble alginate depolymerized by V. algivorus AlyB as the sole carbon source. The alginate was bioconverted into L-lysine (43.3 mg/l) in E. coli strain AJIK01. These findings demonstrate a simple and novel screening method for identifying polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in bacteria and provide a simple alginate biocatalyst and fermentation system with potential applications in industrial biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Doi
- Process Development Laboratories, Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yuriko Tokura
- Process Development Laboratories, Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yukiko Mori
- Process Development Laboratories, Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Kenichi Mori
- Process Development Laboratories, Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yoko Asakura
- Process Development Laboratories, Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Usuda
- Process Development Laboratories, Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroo Fukuda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akito Chinen
- Process Development Laboratories, Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-8681, Japan
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10
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Wei LN, Zhu LW, Tang YJ. Succinate production positively correlates with the affinity of the global transcription factor Cra for its effector FBP in Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:264. [PMID: 27980674 PMCID: PMC5146860 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effector binding is important for transcription factors, affecting both the pattern and function of transcriptional regulation to alter cell phenotype. Our previous work suggested that the affinity of the global transcription factor catabolite repressor/activator (Cra) for its effector fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) may contribute to succinate biosynthesis. To support this hypothesis, single-point and three-point mutations were proposed through the semi-rational design of Cra to improve its affinity for FBP. RESULTS For the first time, a positive correlation between succinate production and the affinity of Cra for FBP was revealed in Escherichia coli. Using the best-fit regression function, a cubic equation was used to examine and describe the relationship between succinate production and the affinity of Cra for FBP, demonstrating a significant positive correlation between the two factors (coefficient of determination R2 = 0.894, P = 0.000 < 0.01). The optimal mutant strain was Tang1683, which provided the lowest mutation energy of -4.78 kcal/mol and the highest succinate concentration of 92.7 g/L, which was 34% higher than that obtained using an empty vector control. The parameters for the interaction between Cra and DNA showed that Cra bound to the promoter regions of pck and aceB to activate the corresponding genes. Normally, Cra-regulated operons under positive control are deactivated in the presence of FBP. Therefore, theoretically, the enhanced affinity of Cra for FBP will inhibit the activation of pck and aceB. However, the activation of genes involved in CO2 fixation and the glyoxylate pathway was further improved by the Cra mutant, ultimately contributing to succinate biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced binding of Cra to FBP or active site mutations may eliminate the repressive effect caused by FBP, thus leading to increased activation of genes associated with succinate biosynthesis in the Cra mutant. This work demonstrates an important transcriptional regulation strategy in the metabolic engineering of succinate production and provides useful information for better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Wei
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068 China
| | - Li-Wen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068 China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068 China
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11
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Zhu LW, Xia ST, Wei LN, Li HM, Yuan ZP, Tang YJ. Enhancing succinic acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli by engineering its global transcription factor, catabolite repressor/activator (Cra). Sci Rep 2016; 6:36526. [PMID: 27811970 PMCID: PMC5109907 DOI: 10.1038/srep36526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was initiated to improve E. coli succinate production by engineering the E. coli global transcription factor, Cra (catabolite repressor/activator). Random mutagenesis libraries were generated through error-prone PCR of cra. After re-screening and mutation site integration, the best mutant strain was Tang1541, which provided a final succinate concentration of 79.8 ± 3.1 g/L: i.e., 22.8% greater than that obtained using an empty vector control. The genes and enzymes involved in phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylation and the glyoxylate pathway were activated, either directly or indirectly, through the mutation of Cra. The parameters for interaction of Cra and DNA indicated that the Cra mutant was bound to aceBAK, thereby activating the genes involved in glyoxylate pathway and further improving succinate production even in the presence of its effector fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP). It suggested that some of the negative effect of FBP on Cra might have been counteracted through the enhanced binding affinity of the Cra mutant for FBP or the change of Cra structure. This work provides useful information about understanding the transcriptional regulation of succinate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Zhu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071 China.,Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Shi-Tao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Li-Na Wei
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Zhan-Peng Yuan
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068 China
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12
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Metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria for the photosynthetic production of succinate. Metab Eng 2016; 38:483-493. [PMID: 27989804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Succinate is an important commodity chemical currently used in the food, pharmaceutical, and polymer industries. It can also be chemically converted into other major industrial chemicals such as 1,4-butanediol, butadiene, and tetrahydrofuran. Here we metabolically engineered a model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 to photosynthetically produce succinate. We expressed the genes encoding for α-ketoglutarate decarboxylase and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase in S. elongatus PCC 7942, resulting in a strain capable of producing 120mg/L of succinate. However, this recombinant strain exhibited severe growth retardation upon induction of the genes encoding for the succinate producing pathway, potentially due to the depletion of α-ketoglutarate. To replenish α-ketoglutarate, we expressed the genes encoding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and citrate synthase from Corynebacterium glutamicum into the succinate producing strain. The resulting strain successfully restored the growth phenotype and produced succinate with a titer of 430mg/L in 8 days. These results demonstrated the possibility of photoautotrophic succinate production.
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13
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Meng J, Wang B, Liu D, Chen T, Wang Z, Zhao X. High-yield anaerobic succinate production by strategically regulating multiple metabolic pathways based on stoichiometric maximum in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:141. [PMID: 27520031 PMCID: PMC4983090 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Succinate has been identified by the U.S. Department of Energy as one of the top 12 building block chemicals, which can be used as a specialty chemical in the agricultural, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Escherichia coli are now one of the most important succinate producing candidates. However, the stoichiometric maximum succinate yield under anaerobic conditions through the reductive branch of the TCA cycle is restricted by NADH supply in E. coli. Results In the present work, we report a rational approach to increase succinate yield by regulating NADH supply via pentose phosphate (PP) pathway and enhancing flux towards succinate. The deregulated genes zwf243 (encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and gnd361 (encoding 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) involved in NADPH generation from Corynebacterium glutamicum were firstly introduced into E. coli for succinate production. Co-expression of beneficial mutated dehydrogenases, which removed feedback inhibition in the oxidative part of the PP pathway, increased succinate yield from 1.01 to 1.16 mol/mol glucose. Three critical genes, pgl (encoding 6-phosphogluconolactonase), tktA (encoding transketolase) and talB (encoding transaldolase) were then overexpressed to redirect more carbon flux towards PP pathway and further improved succinate yield to 1.21 mol/mol glucose. Furthermore, introducing Actinobacillus succinogenes pepck (encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) together with overexpressing sthA (encoding soluble transhydrogenase), further increased succinate yield to 1.31 mol/mol glucose. In addition, removing byproduct formation through inactivating acetate formation genes ackA-pta and heterogenously expressing pyc (encoding pyruvate carboxylase) from C. glutamicum led to improved succinate yield to 1.4 mol/mol glucose. Finally, synchronously overexpressing dcuB and dcuC encoding succinate exporters enhanced succinate yield to 1.54 mol/mol glucose, representing 52 % increase relative to the parent strain and amounting to 90 % of the strain-specific stoichiometric maximum (1.714 mol/mol glucose). Conclusions It’s the first time to rationally regulate pentose phosphate pathway to improve NADH supply for succinate synthesis in E. coli. 90 % of stoichiometric maximum succinate yield was achieved by combining further flux increase towards succinate and engineering its export. Regulation of NADH supply via PP pathway is therefore recommended for the production of products that are NADH-demanding in E. coli. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0536-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Meng
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiyun Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingyu Liu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. .,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueming Zhao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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14
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Yu JH, Zhu LW, Xia ST, Li HM, Tang YL, Liang XH, Chen T, Tang YJ. Combinatorial optimization of CO2transport and fixation to improve succinate production by promoter engineering. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:1531-41. [PMID: 26724788 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Han Yu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan 430068 China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin China
| | - Li-Wen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Shi-Tao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan 430068 China
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15
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Shirai T, Osanai T, Kondo A. Designing intracellular metabolism for production of target compounds by introducing a heterologous metabolic reaction based on a Synechosystis sp. 6803 genome-scale model. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:13. [PMID: 26783098 PMCID: PMC4717628 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Designing optimal intracellular metabolism is essential for using microorganisms to produce useful compounds. Computerized calculations for flux balance analysis utilizing a genome-scale model have been performed for such designs. Many genome-scale models have been developed for different microorganisms. However, optimal designs of intracellular metabolism aimed at producing a useful compound often utilize metabolic reactions of only the host microbial cells. In the present study, we added reactions other than the metabolic reactions with Synechosystis sp. 6803 as a host to its genome-scale model, and constructed a metabolic model of hybrid cells (SyHyMeP) using computerized analysis. Using this model provided a metabolic design that improves the theoretical yield of succinic acid, which is a useful compound. Results Constructing the SyHyMeP model enabled new metabolic designs for producing useful compounds. In the present study, we developed a metabolic design that allowed for improved theoretical yield in the production of succinic acid during glycogen metabolism by Synechosystis sp. 6803. The theoretical yield of succinic acid production using a genome-scale model of these cells was 1.00 mol/mol-glucose, but use of the SyHyMeP model enabled a metabolic design with which a 33 % increase in theoretical yield is expected due to the introduction of isocitrate lyase, adding activations of endogenous tree reactions via D-glycerate in Synechosystis sp. 6803. Conclusions The SyHyMeP model developed in this study has provided a new metabolic design that is not restricted only to the metabolic reactions of individual microbial cells. The concept of construction of this model requires only replacement of the genome-scale model of the host microbial cells and can thus be applied to various useful microorganisms for metabolic design to produce compounds. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0416-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Shirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Takashi Osanai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan. .,Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tamaku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan. .,Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan. .,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
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16
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Zhu LW, Zhang L, Wei LN, Li HM, Yuan ZP, Chen T, Tang YL, Liang XH, Tang YJ. Collaborative regulation of CO2 transport and fixation during succinate production in Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17321. [PMID: 26626308 PMCID: PMC4667291 DOI: 10.1038/srep17321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In Escherichia coli, succinic acid is synthesized by CO2 fixation-based carboxylation of C3 metabolites. A two-step process is involved in CO2 integration: CO2 uptake into the cell and CO2 fixation by carboxylation enzymes. The phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase (PPC) and carboxykinase (PCK) are two important carboxylation enzymes within the succinate synthetic pathway, while SbtA and BicA are two important bicarbonate transporters. In this study, we employed a dual expression system, in which genes regulating both CO2 uptake and fixation were co-overexpressed, or overexpressed individually to improve succinate biosynthesis. Active CO2 uptake was observed by the expression of SbtA or/and BicA, but the succinate biosynthesis was decreased. The succinate production was significantly increased only when a CO2 fixation gene (ppc or pck) and a CO2 transport gene (sbtA or bicA) were co-expressed. Co-expression of pck and sbtA provided the best succinate production among all the strains. The highest succinate production of 73.4 g L−1 was 13.3%, 66.4% or 15.0% higher than that obtained with the expression of PCK, SbtA alone, or with empty plasmids, respectively. We believe that combined regulation of CO2 transport and fixation is critical for succinate production. Imbalanced gene expression may disturb the cellular metabolism and succinate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education) and Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education) and Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Li-Na Wei
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education) and Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education) and Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Zhan-Peng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education) and Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education) and Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068 China
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17
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Tashiro Y, Desai SH, Atsumi S. Two-dimensional isobutyl acetate production pathways to improve carbon yield. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7488. [PMID: 26108471 PMCID: PMC4491173 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For an economically competitive biological process, achieving high carbon yield of a target chemical is crucial. In biochemical production, pyruvate and acetyl-CoA are primary building blocks. When sugar is used as the sole biosynthetic substrate, acetyl-CoA is commonly generated by pyruvate decarboxylation. However, pyruvate decarboxylation during acetyl-CoA formation limits the theoretical maximum carbon yield (TMCY) by releasing carbon, and in some cases also leads to redox imbalance. To avoid these problems, we describe here the construction of a metabolic pathway that simultaneously utilizes glucose and acetate. Acetate is utilized to produce acetyl-CoA without carbon loss or redox imbalance. We demonstrate the utility of this approach for isobutyl acetate (IBA) production, wherein IBA production with glucose and acetate achieves a higher carbon yield than with either sole carbon source. These results highlight the potential for this multiple carbon source approach to improve the TMCY and balance redox in biosynthetic pathways. Achieving high carbon yields is crucial for biotechnological production of metabolites in engineered microorganisms. Here, Tashiro et al. generate E. coli strains that produce acetyl-CoA and a derived metabolite (isobutyl acetate) in the absence of pyruvate decarboxylation, leading to increased carbon yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Shuchi H Desai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.,Microbiology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Shota Atsumi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.,Microbiology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
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18
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Fine-tuning of ecaA and pepc gene expression increases succinic acid production in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:8575-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Bai B, Zhou JM, Yang MH, Liu YL, Xu XH, Xing JM. Efficient production of succinic acid from macroalgae hydrolysate by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 185:56-61. [PMID: 25747879 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, microbial production of succinic acid from macroalgae (i.e., Laminaria japonica) was investigated for the first time. The engineered Escherichia coli BS002 exhibited higher molar yield of succinic acid on mannitol (1.39±0.01mol/mol) than glucose (1.01±0.05mol/mol). After pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, L. japonica hydrolysate was mainly glucose (10.31±0.32g/L) and mannitol (10.12±0.17g/L), which was used as the substrate for succinic acid fermentation with the recombinant BS002. A final 17.44±0.54g/L succinic acid was obtained from the hydrolysate after 72h dual-phase fermentation. The yield was as high as 1.24±0.08mol/mol total sugar, which reached 73% of the maximum theoretical yield. The results demonstrate that macroalgae biomass represents a novelty and economical alternative feedstock for biochemicals production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bai
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jie-min Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Mao-hua Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Yi-lan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiao-hui Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jian-min Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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20
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Rational engineering of multiple module pathways for the production of l-phenylalanine in Corynebacterium glutamicum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 42:787-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Microbial production of l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) from renewable sources has attracted much attention recently. In the present study, Corynebacterium glutamicum 13032 was rationally engineered to produce l-Phe from inexpensive glucose. First, all the l-Phe biosynthesis pathway genes were investigated and the results demonstrated that in addition to AroF and PheA, the native PpsA, TktA, AroE and AroA, and the heterologous AroL and TyrB were also the key enzymes for L-Phe biosynthesis. Through combinational expression of these key enzymes, the l-Phe production was increased to 6.33 ± 0.13 g l−1 which was about 1.48-fold of that of the parent strain C. glutamicum (pXM-pheAfbr-aroFfbr) (fbr, feedback-inhibition resistance). Furthermore, the production of l-Phe was improved to 9.14 ± 0.21 g l−1 by modifying the glucose and l-Phe transport systems and blocking the acetate and lactate biosynthesis pathways. Eventually, the titer of l-Phe was enhanced to 15.76 ± 0.23 g l−1 with a fed-batch fermentation strategy. To the best of our knowledge, this was the highest value reported in rationally engineered C. glutamicum 13032 strains. The results obtained will also contribute to rational engineering of C. glutamicum for production of other valuable aromatic compounds.
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21
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Zhang T, Ge C, Deng L, Tan T, Wang F. C4-dicarboxylic acid production by overexpressing the reductive TCA pathway. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv052. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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22
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Liu J, Qi H, Wang C, Wen J. Model-driven intracellular redox status modulation for increasing isobutanol production in Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:108. [PMID: 26236397 PMCID: PMC4522091 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few strains have been found to produce isobutanol naturally. For building a high performance isobutanol-producing strain, rebalancing redox status of the cell was very crucial through systematic investigation of redox cofactors metabolism. Then, the metabolic model provided a powerful tool for the rational modulation of the redox status. RESULTS Firstly, a starting isobutanol-producing E. coli strain LA02 was engineered with only 2.7 g/L isobutanol produced. Then, the genome-scale metabolic modeling was specially carried out for the redox cofactor metabolism of the strain LA02 by combining flux balance analysis and minimization of metabolic adjustment, and the GAPD reaction catalyzed by the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was predicted as the key target for redox status improvement. Under guidance of the metabolic model prediction, a gapN-encoding NADP(+) dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pathway was constructed and then fine-tuned using five constitutive promoters. The best strain LA09 was obtained with the strongest promoter BBa_J23100. The NADPH/NADP + ratios of strain LA09 reached 0.67 at exponential phase and 0.64 at stationary phase. The redox modulations resulted in the decrease production of ethanol and lactate by 17.5 and 51.7% to 1.32 and 6.08 g/L, respectively. Therefore, the isobutanol titer was increased by 221% to 8.68 g/L. CONCLUSIONS This research has achieved rational redox status improvement of isobutanol-producing strain under guidance of the prediction and modeling of the genome-scale metabolic model of isobutanol-producing E. coli strain with the aid of synthetic promoters. Therefore, the production of isobutanol was dramatically increased by 2.21-fold from 2.7 to 8.68 g/L. Moreover, the developed model-driven method special for redox cofactor metabolism was of very helpful to the redox status modulation of other bio-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- />Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- />SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haishan Qi
- />Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- />SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- />Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- />SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wen
- />Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
- />SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 People’s Republic of China
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23
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Ma X, Zhang X, Wang B, Mao Y, Wang Z, Chen T, Zhao X. Engineering microorganisms based on molecular evolutionary analysis: a succinate production case study. Evol Appl 2014; 7:913-20. [PMID: 25469170 PMCID: PMC4211721 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolution has resulted in thousands of species possessing similar metabolic enzymes with identical functions that are, however, regulated by different mechanisms. It is thus difficult to select optimal gene to engineer novel or manipulated metabolic pathways. Here, we tested the ability of molecular evolutionary analysis to identify appropriate genes from various species. We calculated the fraction of synonymous substitution and the effective number of codons (ENC) for nine genes stemming from glycolysis. Our research indicated that an enzyme gene with a stronger selective constraint in synonymous sites would mainly regulate corresponding reaction flux through altering the concentration of the protein, whereas those with a more relaxed selective constraint would primarily affect corresponding reaction flux by changing kinetic properties of the enzyme. Further, molecular evolutionary analysis was investigated for three types of genes involved in succinate precursor supply by catalysis of pyruvate. In this model, overexpression of Corynebacterium glutamicum pyc should result in greater conversion of pyruvate. Succinate yields in two Escherichia coli strains that overexpressed each of the three types of genes supported the molecular evolutionary analysis. This approach may thus provide an alternative strategy for selecting genes from different species for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Ma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin, China
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian UniversityTianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and TechnologyTianjin, China
| | - Baiyun Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin, China
| | - Yufeng Mao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin, China
| | - Xueming Zhao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin, China
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24
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Zhu X, Tan Z, Xu H, Chen J, Tang J, Zhang X. Metabolic evolution of two reducing equivalent-conserving pathways for high-yield succinate production in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2014; 24:87-96. [PMID: 24831708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Reducing equivalents are an important cofactor for efficient synthesis of target products. During metabolic evolution to improve succinate production in Escherichia coli strains, two reducing equivalent-conserving pathways were activated to increase succinate yield. The sensitivity of pyruvate dehydrogenase to NADH inhibition was eliminated by three nucleotide mutations in the lpdA gene. Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity increased under anaerobic conditions, which provided additional NADH. The pentose phosphate pathway and transhydrogenase were activated by increased activities of transketolase and soluble transhydrogenase SthA. These data suggest that more carbon flux went through the pentose phosphate pathway, thus leading to production of more reducing equivalent in the form of NADPH, which was then converted to NADH through soluble transhydrogenase for succinate production. Reverse metabolic engineering was further performed in a parent strain, which was not metabolically evolved, to verify the effects of activating these two reducing equivalent-conserving pathways for improving succinate yield. Activating pyruvate dehydrogenase increased succinate yield from 1.12 to 1.31mol/mol, whereas activating the pentose phosphate pathway and transhydrogenase increased succinate yield from 1.12 to 1.33mol/mol. Activating these two pathways in combination led to a succinate yield of 1.5mol/mol (88% of theoretical maximum), suggesting that they exhibited a synergistic effect for improving succinate yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinna Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zaigao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, China
| | - Jinlei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
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