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Di Noia MA, Scarcia P, Agrimi G, Ocheja OB, Wahid E, Pisano I, Paradies E, Palmieri L, Guaragnella C, Guaragnella N. Inactivation of HAP4 Accelerates RTG-Dependent Osmoadaptation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065320. [PMID: 36982394 PMCID: PMC10049445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial RTG (an acronym for ReTroGrade) signaling plays a cytoprotective role under various intracellular or environmental stresses. We have previously shown its contribution to osmoadaptation and capacity to sustain mitochondrial respiration in yeast. Here, we studied the interplay between RTG2, the main positive regulator of the RTG pathway, and HAP4, encoding the catalytic subunit of the Hap2-5 complex required for the expression of many mitochondrial proteins that function in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and electron transport, upon osmotic stress. Cell growth features, mitochondrial respiratory competence, retrograde signaling activation, and TCA cycle gene expression were comparatively evaluated in wild type and mutant cells in the presence and in the absence of salt stress. We showed that the inactivation of HAP4 improved the kinetics of osmoadaptation by eliciting both the activation of retrograde signaling and the upregulation of three TCA cycle genes: citrate synthase 1 (CIT1), aconitase 1 (ACO1), and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). Interestingly, their increased expression was mostly dependent on RTG2. Impaired respiratory competence in the HAP4 mutant does not affect its faster adaptive response to stress. These findings indicate that the involvement of the RTG pathway in osmostress is fostered in a cellular context of constitutively reduced respiratory capacity. Moreover, it is evident that the RTG pathway mediates peroxisomes–mitochondria communication by modulating the metabolic function of mitochondria in osmoadaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Di Noia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Scarcia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Agrimi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ohiemi Benjamin Ocheja
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ehtisham Wahid
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Isabella Pisano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Paradies
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Cataldo Guaragnella
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Guaragnella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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2
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Lim S, Ahn H, Duan R, Liu Y, Ryu HY, Ahn SH. The Spt7 subunit of the SAGA complex is required for the regulation of lifespan in both dividing and nondividing yeast cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 196:111480. [PMID: 33831401 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spt7 belongs to the suppressor of Ty (SPT) module of the Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex and is known as the yeast ortholog of human STAF65γ. Spt7 lacks intrinsic enzymatic activity but is responsible for the integrity and proper assembly of the SAGA complex. Here, we determined the role of the SAGA Spt7 subunit in cellular aging. We found that Spt7 was indispensable for a normal lifespan in both dividing and nondividing yeast cells. In the quiescent state of cells, Spt7 was required for the control of overall mRNA levels. In mitotically active cells, deletion of the SPT module had little effect on the recombination rate within heterochromatic ribosomal DNA (rDNA) loci, but loss of Spt7 profoundly elevated the plasmid-based DNA recombination frequency. Consistently, loss of Spt7 increased spontaneous Rad52 foci by approximately two-fold upon entry into S phase. These results provide evidence that Spt7 contributes to the regulation of the normal replicative lifespan (RLS) and chronological lifespan (CLS), possibly by controlling the DNA recombination rate and overall mRNA expression. We propose that the regulation of SAGA complex integrity by Spt7 might be involved in the conserved regulatory pathway for lifespan regulation in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Lim
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojeong Ahn
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruxin Duan
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Yeoul Ryu
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of National Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Hoon Ahn
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Bulk autophagy induction and life extension is achieved when iron is the only limited nutrient in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem J 2021; 478:811-837. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects that iron limitation provokes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae exponential cultures. We have demonstrated that one primary response is the induction of bulk autophagy mediated by TORC1. Coherently, Atg13 became dephosphorylated whereas Atg1 appeared phosphorylated. The signal of iron deprivation requires Tor2/Ypk1 activity and the inactivation of Tor1 leading to Atg13 dephosphorylation, thus triggering the autophagy process. Iron replenishment in its turn, reduces autophagy flux through the AMPK Snf1 and the subsequent activity of the iron-responsive transcription factor, Aft1. This signalling converges in Atg13 phosphorylation mediated by Tor1. Iron limitation promotes accumulation of trehalose and the increase in stress resistance leading to a quiescent state in cells. All these effects contribute to the extension of the chronological life, in a manner totally dependent on autophagy activation.
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Sudharshan SJ, Dyavaiah M. Astaxanthin protects oxidative stress mediated DNA damage and enhances longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biogerontology 2020; 22:81-100. [PMID: 33108581 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been found to play an important role in oxidative mediated DNA damage. Fortunately, cells possess an antioxidant system that can neutralize ROS. However, oxidative stress occurs when antioxidants are overwhelmed by ROS or impaired antioxidant pathways. This study was carried out to find the protective effect of astaxanthin on the yeast DNA repair-deficient mutant cells under hydrogen peroxide stress. The results showed that astaxanthin enhances the percent cell growth of rad1∆, rad51∆, apn1∆, apn2∆ and ogg1∆ cells. Further, the spot test and colony-forming unit count results confirmed that astaxanthin protects DNA repair mutant cells from oxidative stress. The DNA binding property of astaxanthin studied by in silico and in vitro methods indicated that astaxanthin binds to the DNA in the major and minor groove, and that might protect DNA against oxidative stress induced by Fenton's reagent. The intracellular ROS, 8-OHdG level and the DNA fragmentation as measured by comet tail was reduced by astaxanthin under oxidative stress. Similarly, reduced nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation results suggest that astaxanthin might reduce apoptosis. Finally, we show that astaxanthin decreases the accumulation of mutation rate and enhances the longevity of DNA repair-deficient mutants' cells during a chronological lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Sudharshan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Madhu Dyavaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, 605014, India.
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Chidiac M, Daher J, Boeckstaens M, Poelvoorde P, Badran B, Marini AM, Khalaf R, Vanhamme L. Human apolipoprotein L1 interferes with mitochondrial function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1910-1920. [PMID: 32583004 PMCID: PMC7411449 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, the vertebrate apolipoprotein L (APOL) family has not previously been ascribed to any definite pathophysiological function, although the conserved BH3 protein domain suggests a role in programmed cell death or an interference with mitochondrial processes. In the present study, the human APOL1 was expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to determine the molecular action of APOL1. APOL1 inhibited cell proliferation in a non-fermentable carbon source, such as glycerol, while it had no effect on proliferation in fermentable carbon sources, such as galactose. APOL1, expressed in yeast, is localized in the mitochondrial fraction, as determined via western blotting. APOL1 induced a loss of mitochondrial function, demonstrated by a loss of respiratory index, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Green fluorescent protein tagging of mitochondrial protein revealed that APOL1 was associated with abnormal mitochondrial and lysosomal morphologies, observed by a loss of the normal mitochondrial tubular network. Thus, the results of the present study suggest that APOL1 could be a physiological regulator of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Chidiac
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Laboratory of Gene Molecular Biology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jalil Daher
- Department of Biology, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Mélanie Boeckstaens
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport Biology, IBMM, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Philippe Poelvoorde
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Laboratory of Gene Molecular Biology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Bassam Badran
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Immunology, Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, P.O. Box 6573, Hadath‑Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Anna Maria Marini
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport Biology, IBMM, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Roy Khalaf
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Luc Vanhamme
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Laboratory of Gene Molecular Biology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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Assays for Monitoring the Effects of Nicotinamide Supplementation on Mitochondrial Activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32219753 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0471-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The single-celled yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the most valuable laboratory models that has been used successfully to identify factors and pathways involved in several cellular processes, the counterparts of which are evolutionarily conserved. Furthermore, it is also a powerful tool for analyzing the effects of molecules of nutraceutical interest with the view of leading to human health benefits and improving the quality of aging. In this context, we present some of the methods that have allowed us to assess the beneficial influence of a form of vitamin B3, namely nicotinamide, on mitochondrial functionality during yeast chronological aging. Mitochondrial dysfunctions are considered to be hallmarks of aging, and of several metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. More specifically, these methods concern the determination of the respiratory parameters in intact cells in order to evaluate the efficiency of mitochondrial respiration in concert with the risk of superoxide anion (O2-) production, which results from inefficient respiration. In addition, we describe fluorescent staining specific for O2- detection and mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as a simple clonogenic assay based on the ability of cells to grow on a carbon source that requires a functional mitochondrial metabolism.
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Camandona VDL, Rios-Anjos RM, Alegria TGP, Pereira F, Bicev RN, da Cunha FM, Digiampietri LA, de Barros MH, Netto LES, Ferreira-Junior JR. Expression of human HSP27 in yeast extends replicative lifespan and uncovers a hormetic response. Biogerontology 2020; 21:559-575. [PMID: 32189112 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human HSP27 is a small heat shock protein that modulates the ability of cells to respond to heat shock and oxidative stress, and also functions as a chaperone independent of ATP, participating in the proteasomal degradation of proteins. The expression of HSP27 is associated with survival in mammalian cells. In cancer cells, it confers resistance to chemotherapy; in neurons, HSP27 has a positive effect on neuronal viability in models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. To better understand the mechanism by which HSP27 expression contributes to cell survival, we expressed human HSP27 in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under control of different mutant TEF promoters, that conferred nine levels of graded basal expression, and showed that replicative lifespan and proteasomal activity increase as well as the resistance to oxidative and thermal stresses. The profile of these phenotypes display a dose-response effect characteristic of hormesis, an adaptive phenomenon that is observed when cells are exposed to increasing amounts of stress or toxic substances. The hormetic response correlates with changes in expression levels of HSP27 and also with its oligomeric states when correlated to survival assays. Our results indicate that fine tuning of HSP27 concentration could be used as a strategy for cancer therapy, and also for improving neuronal survival in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thiago Geronimo Pires Alegria
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Pereira
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mário Henrique de Barros
- Departamento de Microbiologia - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Soares Netto
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Mercado-Sáenz S, Burgos-Molina AM, López-Díaz B, Sendra-Portero F, Ruiz-Gómez MJ. Effect of sinusoidal and pulsed magnetic field exposure on the chronological aging and cellular stability of S. cerevisiae. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1588-1596. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1643050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mercado-Sáenz
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Burgos-Molina
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz López-Díaz
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Sendra-Portero
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel J. Ruiz-Gómez
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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9
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Acid Stress Triggers Resistance to Acetic Acid-Induced Regulated Cell Death through Hog1 Activation Which Requires RTG2 in Yeast. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4651062. [PMID: 30931079 PMCID: PMC6410445 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4651062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acid stress causes resistance to acetic acid-induced regulated cell death (AA-RCD) in budding yeast, resulting in catalase activation. In order to explore the molecular determinants of evasion of AA-RCD triggered by acid stress adaptation, we studied the involvement and the possible interplay of the master regulator of transcription high-osmolarity glycerol 1 (HOG1) and RTG2, a positive regulator of the RTG-dependent mitochondrial retrograde signaling. Viability, DNA fragmentation, and ROS accumulation have been analyzed in wild-type and mutant cells lacking HOG1 and/or RTG2. Catalase activity and transcription of CTT1 and CTA1, coding the cytosolic and peroxisomal/mitochondrial catalase, respectively, as well as Hog1 phosphorylation, were also analyzed. Our results show that HOG1 is essential for resistance to AA-RCD and its activation results in the upregulation of CTT1, but not CTA1, transcription during acid stress adaptation. RTG2 is required for Hog1-dependent CTT1 upregulation upon acid stress, despite failure of RTG pathway activation. We give evidence that Rtg2 has a cytoprotective role and can act as a general cell stress sensor independent of Rtg1/3-dependent transcription.
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10
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Orlandi I, Stamerra G, Vai M. Altered Expression of Mitochondrial NAD + Carriers Influences Yeast Chronological Lifespan by Modulating Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Metabolism. Front Genet 2018; 9:676. [PMID: 30619489 PMCID: PMC6305841 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) represents an essential cofactor in sustaining cellular bioenergetics and maintaining cellular fitness, and has emerged as a therapeutic target to counteract aging and age-related diseases. Besides NAD+ involvement in multiple redox reactions, it is also required as co-substrate for the activity of Sirtuins, a family of evolutionary conserved NAD+-dependent deacetylases that regulate both metabolism and aging. The founding member of this family is Sir2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a well-established model system for studying aging of post-mitotic mammalian cells. In this context, it refers to chronological aging, in which the chronological lifespan (CLS) is measured. In this paper, we investigated the effects of changes in the cellular content of NAD+ on CLS by altering the expression of mitochondrial NAD+ carriers, namely Ndt1 and Ndt2. We found that the deletion or overexpression of these carriers alters the intracellular levels of NAD+ with opposite outcomes on CLS. In particular, lack of both carriers decreases NAD+ content and extends CLS, whereas NDT1 overexpression increases NAD+ content and reduces CLS. This correlates with opposite cytosolic and mitochondrial metabolic assets shown by the two types of mutants. In the former, an increase in the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation is observed together with an enhancement of a pro-longevity anabolic metabolism toward gluconeogenesis and trehalose storage. On the contrary, NDT1 overexpression brings about on the one hand, a decrease in the respiratory efficiency generating harmful superoxide anions, and on the other, a decrease in gluconeogenesis and trehalose stores: all this is reflected into a time-dependent loss of mitochondrial functionality during chronological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Orlandi
- SYSBIO Centre for Systems Biology, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Stamerra
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Vai
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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11
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Ruetenik A, Barrientos A. Exploiting Post-mitotic Yeast Cultures to Model Neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:400. [PMID: 30450036 PMCID: PMC6224518 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been extensively used as a valuable organism to explore mechanisms of aging and human age-associated neurodegenerative disorders. Yeast models can be used to study loss of function of disease-related conserved genes and to investigate gain of function activities, frequently proteotoxicity, exerted by non-conserved human mutant proteins responsible for neurodegeneration. Most published models of proteotoxicity have used rapidly dividing cells and suffer from a high level of protein expression resulting in acute growth arrest or cell death. This contrasts with the slow development of neurodegenerative proteotoxicity during aging and the characteristic post-mitotic state of the affected cell type, the neuron. Here, we will review the efforts to create and characterize yeast models of neurodegeneration using the chronological life span model of aging, and the specific information they can provide regarding the chronology of physiological events leading to neurotoxic proteotoxicity-induced cell death and the identification of new pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ruetenik
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Antonio Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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12
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Genome Instability Is Promoted by the Chromatin-Binding Protein Spn1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2018; 210:1227-1237. [PMID: 30301740 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells expend a large amount of energy to maintain their DNA sequence. DNA repair pathways, cell cycle checkpoint activation, proofreading polymerases, and chromatin structure are ways in which the cell minimizes changes to the genome. During replication, the DNA-damage tolerance pathway allows the replication forks to bypass damage on the template strand. This avoids prolonged replication fork stalling, which can contribute to genome instability. The DNA-damage tolerance pathway includes two subpathways: translesion synthesis and template switch. Post-translational modification of PCNA and the histone tails, cell cycle phase, and local DNA structure have all been shown to influence subpathway choice. Chromatin architecture contributes to maintaining genome stability by providing physical protection of the DNA and by regulating DNA-processing pathways. As such, chromatin-binding factors have been implicated in maintaining genome stability. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we examined the role of Spn1 (Suppresses postrecruitment gene number 1), a chromatin-binding and transcription elongation factor, in DNA-damage tolerance. Expression of a mutant allele of SPN1 results in increased resistance to the DNA-damaging agent methyl methanesulfonate, lower spontaneous and damage-induced mutation rates, along with increased chronological life span. We attribute these effects to an increased usage of the template switch branch of the DNA-damage tolerance pathway in the spn1 strain. This provides evidence for a role of wild-type Spn1 in promoting genome instability, as well as having ties to overcoming replication stress and contributing to chronological aging.
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Olivares-Marin IK, González-Hernández JC, Regalado-Gonzalez C, Madrigal-Perez LA. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Exponential Growth Kinetics in Batch Culture to Analyze Respiratory and Fermentative Metabolism. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30320748 DOI: 10.3791/58192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in the exponential phase sustain their growth by producing ATP through fermentation and/or mitochondrial respiration. The fermentable carbon concentration mainly governs how the yeast cells generate ATP; thus, the variation in fermentable carbohydrate levels drives the energetic metabolism of S. cerevisiae. This paper describes a high-throughput method based on exponential yeast growth to estimate the effects of concentration changes and nature of the carbon source on respiratory and fermentative metabolism. The growth of S. cerevisiae is measured in a microplate or shaken conical flask by determining the optical density (OD) at 600 nm. Then, a growth curve is built by plotting OD versus time, which allows identification and selection of the exponential phase, and is fitted with the exponential growth equation to obtain kinetic parameters. Low specific growth rates with higher doubling times generally represent a respiratory growth. Conversely, higher specific growth rates with lower doubling times indicate fermentative growth. Threshold values of doubling time and specific growth rate are estimated using well-known respiratory or fermentative conditions, such as non-fermentable carbon sources or higher concentrations of fermentable sugars. This is obtained for each specific strain. Finally, the calculated kinetic parameters are compared with the threshold values to establish whether the yeast shows fermentative and/or respiratory growth. The advantage of this method is its relative simplicity for understanding the effects of a substance/compound on fermentative or respiratory metabolism. It is important to highlight that growth is an intricate and complex biological process; therefore, preliminary data from this method must be corroborated by the quantification of oxygen consumption and accumulation of fermentation byproducts. Thereby, this technique can be used as a preliminary screening of compounds/substances that may disturb or enhance fermentative or respiratory metabolism.
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14
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Thongsroy J, Patchsung M, Pongpanich M, Settayanon S, Mutirangura A. Reduction in replication-independent endogenous DNA double-strand breaks promotes genomic instability during chronological aging in yeast. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800218RR. [PMID: 29812972 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800218rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism that causes genomic instability in nondividing aging cells is unknown. Our previous study of mutant yeast suggested that 2 types of replication-independent endogenous DNA double-strand breaks (RIND-EDSBs) exist and that they play opposing roles. The first type, known as physiologic RIND-EDSBs, were ubiquitous in the G0 phase of both yeast and human cells in certain genomic locations and may act as epigenetic markers. Low RIND-EDSB levels were found in mutants that lacked chromatin-condensing proteins, such as the high-mobility group box (HMGB) proteins and Sir2. The second type is referred to as pathologic RIND-EDSBs. High pathological RIND-EDSB levels were found in DSB repair mutants. Under normal physiologic conditions, these excess RIND-EDSBs are repaired in much the same way as DNA lesions. Here, chronological aging in yeast reduced physiological RIND-EDSBs and cell viability. A strong correlation was observed between the reduction in RIND-EDSBs and viability in aging yeast cells ( r = 0.94, P < 0.0001). We used galactose-inducible HO endonuclease (HO) and nhp6a∆, an HMGB protein mutant, to evaluate the consequences of reduced physiological RIND-EDSB levels. The HO-induced cells exhibited a sustained reduction in RIND-EDSBs at various levels for several days. Interestingly, we found that lower physiologic RIND-EDSB levels resulted in decreased cell viability ( r = 0.69, P < 0.0001). Treatment with caffeine, a DSB repair inhibitor, increased pathological RIND-EDSBs, which were distinguished from physiologic RIND-EDSBs by their lack of sequences prior to DSB in untreated cells [odds ratio (OR) ≤1]. Caffeine treatment in both the HO-induced and nhp6a∆ cells markedly increased OR ≤1 breaks. Therefore, physiological RIND-EDSBs play an epigenetic role in preventing pathological RIND-EDSBs, a type of DNA damage. In summary, the reduction of physiological RIND-EDSB level is a genomic instability mechanism in chronologically aging cells.-Thongsroy, J., Patchsung, M., Pongpanich, M., Settayanon, S., Mutirangura, A. Reduction in replication-independent endogenous DNA double-strand breaks promotes genomic instability during chronological aging in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapan Thongsroy
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Maturada Patchsung
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Monnat Pongpanich
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirapat Settayanon
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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15
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Inactivation of RAD52 and HDF1 DNA repair genes leads to premature chronological aging and cellular instability. J Biosci 2018; 42:219-230. [PMID: 28569246 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-017-9684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the role of radiation sensitive 52 (RAD52) and high-affinity DNA binding factor 1 (HDF1) DNA repair genes on the life span of budding yeasts during chronological aging. Wild type (wt) and rad52, hdf1, and rad52 hdf1 mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were used. Chronological aging and survival assays were studied by clonogenic assay and drop test. DNA damage was analyzed by electrophoresis after phenol extraction. Mutant analysis, colony forming units and the index of respiratory competence were studied by growing on dextrose and glycerol plates as a carbon source. Rad52 and rad52 hdf1 mutants showed a gradual decrease in surviving fraction in relation to wt and hdf1 mutant during aging. Genomic DNA was spontaneously more degraded during aging, mainly in rad52 mutants. This strain showed an increased percentage of revertant colonies. Moreover, all mutants showed a decrease in the index of respiratory competence during aging. The inactivation of RAD52 leads to premature chronological aging with an increase in DNA degradation and mutation frequency. In addition, RAD52 and HDF1 contribute to maintain the metabolic state, in a different way, during chronological aging. The results obtained could have important implications in the chronobiology of aging.
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16
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Pro- and Antioxidant Functions of the Peroxisome-Mitochondria Connection and Its Impact on Aging and Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9860841. [PMID: 28811869 PMCID: PMC5546064 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9860841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes and mitochondria are the main intracellular sources for reactive oxygen species. At the same time, both organelles are critical for the maintenance of a healthy redox balance in the cell. Consequently, failure in the function of both organelles is causally linked to oxidative stress and accelerated aging. However, it has become clear that peroxisomes and mitochondria are much more intimately connected both physiologically and structurally. Both organelles share common fission components to dynamically respond to environmental cues, and the autophagic turnover of both peroxisomes and mitochondria is decisive for cellular homeostasis. Moreover, peroxisomes can physically associate with mitochondria via specific protein complexes. Therefore, the structural and functional connection of both organelles is a critical and dynamic feature in the regulation of oxidative metabolism, whose dynamic nature will be revealed in the future. In this review, we will focus on fundamental aspects of the peroxisome-mitochondria interplay derived from simple models such as yeast and move onto discussing the impact of an impaired peroxisomal and mitochondrial homeostasis on ROS production, aging, and disease in humans.
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17
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Wang Y, Lin Y, Xiang L, Osada H, Qi J. Sesquiterpene glucosides from Shenzhou honey peach fruit showed the anti-aging activity in the evaluation system using yeasts. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1586-1590. [PMID: 28585468 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1332978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
One new (1, SZMT01) and one known (2) anti-aging substances were isolated from Shenzhou honey peach fruit. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical derivatization, and the result reveals that these two compounds are sesquiterpene glucosides. SZMT01 possesses a new glycosylation with an ester linkage at one terminal in an acyclic sesquiterpenoid which is the end of a double bond at another terminal. Both compounds extend the replicative lifespan of K6001 yeast strain at doses of 7.5 and 25 μM. Then, to understand the action mechanism involved, we performed an anti-oxidative experiment on SZMT01. The result revealed that treatment with SZMT01 increased the survival rate of yeast under oxidative stress. Moreover, the lifespans of sod1 and sod2 mutant yeast strains with a K6001 background were not affected by SZMT01. These results demonstrate that anti-oxidative stress performs important roles in anti-aging effects of SZMT01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Wang
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Lin
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Xiang
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- b Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Wako-shi , Japan
| | - Jianhua Qi
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
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18
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Ghosal A, Köhrer C, Babu VMP, Yamanaka K, Davies BW, Jacob AI, Ferullo DJ, Gruber CC, Vercruysse M, Walker GC. C21orf57 is a human homologue of bacterial YbeY proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:612-617. [PMID: 28153719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The product of the human C21orf57 (huYBEY) gene is predicted to be a homologue of the highly conserved YbeY proteins found in nearly all bacteria. We show that, like its bacterial and chloroplast counterparts, the HuYbeY protein is an RNase and that it retains sufficient function in common with bacterial YbeY proteins to partially suppress numerous aspects of the complex phenotype of an Escherichia coli ΔybeY mutant. Expression of HuYbeY in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which lacks a YbeY homologue, results in a severe growth phenotype. This observation suggests that the function of HuYbeY in human cells is likely regulated through specific interactions with partner proteins similarly to the way YbeY is regulated in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubrata Ghosal
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Köhrer
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vignesh M P Babu
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kinrin Yamanaka
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bryan W Davies
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Asha I Jacob
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Ferullo
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charley C Gruber
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maarten Vercruysse
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Graham C Walker
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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19
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Busti S, Mapelli V, Tripodi F, Sanvito R, Magni F, Coccetti P, Rocchetti M, Nielsen J, Alberghina L, Vanoni M. Respiratory metabolism and calorie restriction relieve persistent endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by calcium shortage in yeast. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27942. [PMID: 27305947 PMCID: PMC4910072 DOI: 10.1038/srep27942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium homeostasis is crucial to eukaryotic cell survival. By acting as an enzyme cofactor and a second messenger in several signal transduction pathways, the calcium ion controls many essential biological processes. Inside the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium concentration is carefully regulated to safeguard the correct folding and processing of secretory proteins. By using the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae we show that calcium shortage leads to a slowdown of cell growth and metabolism. Accumulation of unfolded proteins within the calcium-depleted lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER stress) triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR) and generates a state of oxidative stress that decreases cell viability. These effects are severe during growth on rapidly fermentable carbon sources and can be mitigated by decreasing the protein synthesis rate or by inducing cellular respiration. Calcium homeostasis, protein biosynthesis and the unfolded protein response are tightly intertwined and the consequences of facing calcium starvation are determined by whether cellular energy production is balanced with demands for anabolic functions. Our findings confirm that the connections linking disturbance of ER calcium equilibrium to ER stress and UPR signaling are evolutionary conserved and highlight the crucial role of metabolism in modulating the effects induced by calcium shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Busti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- SYSBIO, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Mapelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Farida Tripodi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- SYSBIO, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Sanvito
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvio Magni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Coccetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- SYSBIO, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Rocchetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Lilia Alberghina
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- SYSBIO, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Vanoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- SYSBIO, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
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20
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Orlandi I, Pellegrino Coppola D, Strippoli M, Ronzulli R, Vai M. Nicotinamide supplementation phenocopies SIR2 inactivation by modulating carbon metabolism and respiration during yeast chronological aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 161:277-287. [PMID: 27320176 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide (NAM), a form of vitamin B3, is a byproduct and noncompetitive inhibitor of the deacetylation reaction catalyzed by Sirtuins. These represent a family of evolutionarily conserved NAD+-dependent deacetylases that are well-known critical regulators of metabolism and aging and whose founding member is Sir2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we investigated the effects of NAM supplementation in the context of yeast chronological aging, the established model for studying aging of postmitotic quiescent mammalian cells. Our data show that NAM supplementation at the diauxic shift results in a phenocopy of chronologically aging sir2Δ cells. In fact, NAM-supplemented cells display the same chronological lifespan extension both in expired medium and extreme Calorie Restriction. Furthermore, NAM allows the cells to push their metabolism toward the same outcomes of sir2Δ cells by elevating the level of the acetylated Pck1. Both these cells have the same metabolic changes that concern not only anabolic pathways such as an increased gluconeogenesis but also respiratory activity in terms both of respiratory rate and state of respiration. In particular, they have a higher respiratory reserve capacity and a lower non-phosphorylating respiration that in concert with a low burden of superoxide anions can affect positively chronological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Orlandi
- SYSBIO Centre for Systems Biology Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Damiano Pellegrino Coppola
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Strippoli
- SYSBIO Centre for Systems Biology Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Rossella Ronzulli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Vai
- SYSBIO Centre for Systems Biology Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy.
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21
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García-Marqués S, Randez-Gil F, Dupont S, Garre E, Prieto JA. Sng1 associates with Nce102 to regulate the yeast Pkh-Ypk signalling module in response to sphingolipid status. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1319-33. [PMID: 27033517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
All cells are delimited by biological membranes, which are consequently a primary target of stress-induced damage. Cold alters membrane functionality by decreasing lipid fluidity and the activity of membrane proteins. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, evidence links sphingolipid homeostasis and membrane phospholipid asymmetry to the activity of the Ypk1/2 proteins, the yeast orthologous of the mammalian SGK1-3 kinases. Their regulation is mediated by different protein kinases, including the PDK1 orthologous Pkh1/2p, and requires the function of protein effectors, among them Nce102p, a component of the sphingolipid sensor machinery. Nevertheless, the mechanisms and the actors involved in Pkh/Ypk regulation remain poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that Sng1, a transmembrane protein, is an effector of the Pkh/Ypk module and identify the phospholipid asymmetry as key for yeast cold adaptation. Overexpression of SNG1 impairs phospholipid flipping, reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improves, in a Pkh-dependent manner, yeast growth in myriocin-treated cells, suggesting that excess Sng1p stimulates the Pkh/Ypk signalling. Furthermore, we link these effects to the association of Sng1p with Nce102p. Indeed, we found that Sng1p interacts with Nce102p both physically and genetically. Moreover, mutant nce102∆ sng1∆ cells show features of impaired Pkh/Ypk signalling, including increased ROS accumulation, reduced life span and defects in Pkh/Ypk-controlled regulatory pathways. Finally, myriocin-induced hyperphosphorylation of Ypk1p and Orm2p, which controls sphingolipid homeostasis, does not occur in nce102∆ sng1∆ cells. Hence, both Nce102p and Sng1p participate in a regulatory circuit that controls the activity of the Pkh/Ypk module and their function is required in response to sphingolipid status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara García-Marqués
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Agustín Escardino, 7. 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisca Randez-Gil
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Agustín Escardino, 7. 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sebastien Dupont
- UMR Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques (PAM), AgroSup Dijon/Université de Bourgogne 1, Esplanade Erasme, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Elena Garre
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Agustín Escardino, 7. 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose A Prieto
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Agustín Escardino, 7. 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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22
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Abstract
Transferring Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to water is known to extend their lifespan. However, it is unclear whether this lifespan extension is due to slowing the aging process or merely keeping old yeast alive. Here we show that in water-transferred yeast, the toxicity of polyQ proteins is decreased and the aging biomarker 47Q aggregates at a reduced rate and to a lesser extent. These beneficial effects of water-transfer could not be reproduced by diluting the growth medium and depended on de novo protein synthesis and proteasomes levels. Interestingly, we found that upon water-transfer 27 proteins are downregulated, 4 proteins are upregulated and 81 proteins change their intracellular localization, hinting at an active genetic program enabling the lifespan extension. Furthermore, the aging-related deterioration of the heat shock response (HSR), the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD), was largely prevented in water-transferred yeast, as the activities of these proteostatic network pathways remained nearly as robust as in young yeast. The characteristics of young yeast that are actively maintained upon water-transfer indicate that the extended lifespan is the outcome of slowing the rate of the aging process.
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23
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Park Y, Han GS, Mileykovskaya E, Garrett TA, Carman GM. Altered Lipid Synthesis by Lack of Yeast Pah1 Phosphatidate Phosphatase Reduces Chronological Life Span. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:25382-94. [PMID: 26338708 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.680314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pah1 phosphatidate phosphatase, which catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphatidate to yield diacylglycerol, plays a crucial role in the synthesis of the storage lipid triacylglycerol. This evolutionarily conserved enzyme also plays a negative regulatory role in controlling de novo membrane phospholipid synthesis through its consumption of phosphatidate. We found that the pah1Δ mutant was defective in the utilization of non-fermentable carbon sources but not in oxidative phosphorylation; the mutant did not exhibit major changes in oxygen consumption rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, F1F0-ATP synthase activity, or gross mitochondrial morphology. The pah1Δ mutant contained an almost normal complement of major mitochondrial phospholipids with some alterations in molecular species. Although oxidative phosphorylation was not compromised in the pah1Δ mutant, the cellular levels of ATP in quiescent cells were reduced by 2-fold, inversely correlating with a 4-fold increase in membrane phospholipids. In addition, the quiescent pah1Δ mutant cells had 3-fold higher levels of mitochondrial superoxide and cellular lipid hydroperoxides, had reduced activities of superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase, and were hypersensitive to hydrogen peroxide. Consequently, the pah1Δ mutant had a shortened chronological life span. In addition, the loss of Tsa1 thioredoxin peroxidase caused a synthetic growth defect with the pah1Δ mutation. The shortened chronological life span of the pah1Δ mutant along with its growth defect on non-fermentable carbon sources and hypersensitivity to hydrogen peroxide was suppressed by the loss of Dgk1 diacylglycerol kinase, indicating that the underpinning of pah1Δ mutant defects was the excess synthesis of membrane phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhee Park
- From the Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Gil-Soo Han
- From the Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Eugenia Mileykovskaya
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Teresa A Garrett
- the Department of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York 12604
| | - George M Carman
- From the Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901,
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24
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Tower J. Mitochondrial maintenance failure in aging and role of sexual dimorphism. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 576:17-31. [PMID: 25447815 PMCID: PMC4409928 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression changes during aging are partly conserved across species, and suggest that oxidative stress, inflammation and proteotoxicity result from mitochondrial malfunction and abnormal mitochondrial-nuclear signaling. Mitochondrial maintenance failure may result from trade-offs between mitochondrial turnover versus growth and reproduction, sexual antagonistic pleiotropy and genetic conflicts resulting from uni-parental mitochondrial transmission, as well as mitochondrial and nuclear mutations and loss of epigenetic regulation. Aging phenotypes and interventions are often sex-specific, indicating that both male and female sexual differentiation promote mitochondrial failure and aging. Studies in mammals and invertebrates implicate autophagy, apoptosis, AKT, PARP, p53 and FOXO in mediating sex-specific differences in stress resistance and aging. The data support a model where the genes Sxl in Drosophila, sdc-2 in Caenorhabditis elegans, and Xist in mammals regulate mitochondrial maintenance across generations and in aging. Several interventions that increase life span cause a mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), and UPRmt is also observed during normal aging, indicating hormesis. The UPRmt may increase life span by stimulating mitochondrial turnover through autophagy, and/or by inhibiting the production of hormones and toxic metabolites. The data suggest that metazoan life span interventions may act through a common hormesis mechanism involving liver UPRmt, mitochondrial maintenance and sexual differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Tower
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2910, United States.
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25
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Werner-Washburne M, Roy S, Davidson GS. Aging and the survival of quiescent and non-quiescent cells in yeast stationary-phase cultures. Subcell Biochem 2015; 57:123-43. [PMID: 22094420 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2561-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we argue that with careful attention to cell types in stationary-phase cultures of the yeast, S. cerevisiae provide an excellent model system for aging studies and hold much promise in pinpointing the set of causal genes and mechanisms driving aging. Importantly, a more detailed understanding of aging in this single celled organism will also shed light on aging in tissue-complex model organisms such as C. elegans and D. melanogaster. We feel strongly that the relationship between aging in yeast and tissue-complex organisms has been obscured by failure to notice the heterogeneity of stationary-phase cultures and the processes by which distinct cell types arise in these cultures. Although several studies have used yeast stationary-phase cultures for chronological aging, the majority of these studies have assumed that cultures in stationary phase are homogeneously composed of a single cell type. However, genome-scale analyses of yeast stationary-phase cultures have identified two major cell fractions: quiescent and non-quiescent, which we discuss in detail in this chapter. We review evidence that cell populations isolated from these cultures exhibit population-specific phenotypes spanning a range of metabolic and physiological processes including reproductive capacity, apoptosis, differences in metabolic activities, genetic hyper-mutability, and stress responses. The identification, in S. cerevisiae, of multiple sub-populations having differentiated physiological attributes relevant to aging offers an unprecedented opportunity. This opportunity to deeply understand yeast cellular (and population) aging programs will, also, give insight into genomic and metabolic processes in tissue-complex organism, as well as stem cell biology and the origins of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Werner-Washburne
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA,
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26
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Sundaram V, Petkova MI, Pujol-Carrion N, Boada J, de la Torre-Ruiz MA. Tor1, Sch9 and PKA downregulation in quiescence rely on Mtl1 to preserve mitochondrial integrity and cell survival. Mol Microbiol 2015; 97:93-109. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkatraghavan Sundaram
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences; IRB-Lleida; University of Lleida; Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure n° 80 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Mima I. Petkova
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences; IRB-Lleida; University of Lleida; Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure n° 80 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Nuria Pujol-Carrion
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences; IRB-Lleida; University of Lleida; Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure n° 80 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Jordi Boada
- Department of Experimental Medicine; IRB-Lleida; University of Lleida; Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure n° 80 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Maria Angeles de la Torre-Ruiz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences; IRB-Lleida; University of Lleida; Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure n° 80 25198 Lleida Spain
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27
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Liu Y, Liu N, Wu D, Bi Q, Meng S. The longevity of tor1Δ, sch9Δ, and ras2Δ mutants depends on actin dynamics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:18. [PMID: 25901273 PMCID: PMC4404670 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the role of actin dynamics in the regulation of yeast aging. Although the target of rapamycin (TOR) complex, serine/threonine kinase Sch9, and Ras2 have been shown to play important roles in aging for a long time, the relationship between these regulators and actin has not yet been reported. In this study we investigated the roles of actin polarization in tor1Δ, sch9Δ, and ras2Δ mutant cells. We found that the actin structures in tor1Δ, sch9Δ, and ras2Δ mutant cells were more dynamic than those in the wild type. Destruction of the actin structures with jasplakinolide decreased the life span of tor1Δ, sch9Δ, and ras2Δ mutants. Furthermore, deletion of SLA1 in tor1Δ, sch9Δ, and ras2Δ mutants inhibited the actin dynamics and life span. In addition, we found that the actin cytoskeleton of the long-lived mutant sch9Δ, depended on the transcription factors RIM15 and MSN2/4, but not GIS1, while the actin skeleton of the tor1Δ and ras2Δ mutants depended on RIM15 as expected. Our data suggest that the longevity of tor1Δ, sch9Δ, and ras2Δ mutants is dependent on actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Nanqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Didi Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Bi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmacy school of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 P. R. China
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28
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CTT1 overexpression increases life span of calorie-restricted Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in Sod1. Biogerontology 2015; 16:343-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Hashim Z, Mukai Y, Bamba T, Fukusaki E. Metabolic profiling of retrograde pathway transcription factors rtg1 and rtg3 knockout yeast. Metabolites 2014; 4:580-98. [PMID: 25007314 PMCID: PMC4192681 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rtg1 and Rtg3 are two basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors found in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are involved in the regulation of the mitochondrial retrograde (RTG) pathway. Under RTG response, anaplerotic synthesis of citrate is activated, consequently maintaining the supply of important precursors necessary for amino acid and nucleotide synthesis. Although the roles of Rtg1 and Rtg3 in TCA and glyoxylate cycles have been extensively reported, the investigation of other metabolic pathways has been lacking. Characteristic dimer formation in bHLH proteins, which allows for combinatorial gene expression, and the link between RTG and other regulatory pathways suggest more complex metabolic signaling involved in Rtg1/Rtg3 regulation. In this study, using a metabolomics approach, we examined metabolic alteration following RTG1 and RTG3 deletion. We found that apart from TCA and glyoxylate cycles, which have been previously reported, polyamine biosynthesis and other amino acid metabolism were significantly altered in RTG-deficient strains. We revealed that metabolic alterations occurred at various metabolic sites and that these changes relate to different growth phases, but the difference can be detected even at the mid-exponential phase, when mitochondrial function is repressed. Moreover, the effect of metabolic rearrangements can be seen through the chronological lifespan (CLS) measurement, where we confirmed the role of the RTG pathway in extending the yeast lifespan. Through a comprehensive metabolic profiling, we were able to explore metabolic phenotypes previously unidentified by other means and illustrate the possible correlations of Rtg1 and Rtg3 in different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanariah Hashim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yukio Mukai
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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30
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Ethanol and acetate acting as carbon/energy sources negatively affect yeast chronological aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:802870. [PMID: 24062879 PMCID: PMC3767056 DOI: 10.1155/2013/802870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the chronological lifespan (CLS) is defined as the length of time that a population of nondividing cells can survive in stationary phase. In this phase, cells remain metabolically active, albeit at reduced levels, and responsive to environmental signals, thus simulating the postmitotic quiescent state of mammalian cells. Many studies on the main nutrient signaling pathways have uncovered the strong influence of growth conditions, including the composition of culture media, on CLS. In this context, two byproducts of yeast glucose fermentation, ethanol and acetic acid, have been proposed as extrinsic proaging factors. Here, we report that ethanol and acetic acid, at physiological levels released in the exhausted medium, both contribute to chronological aging. Moreover, this combined proaging effect is not due to a toxic environment created by their presence but is mainly mediated by the metabolic pathways required for their utilization as carbon/energy sources. In addition, measurements of key enzymatic activities of the glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis, together with respiration assays performed in extreme calorie restriction, point to a long-term quiescent program favoured by glyoxylate/gluconeogenesis flux contrary to a proaging one based on the oxidative metabolism of ethanol/acetate via TCA and mitochondrial respiration.
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31
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Cohen A, Ross L, Nachman I, Bar-Nun S. Aggregation of polyQ proteins is increased upon yeast aging and affected by Sir2 and Hsf1: novel quantitative biochemical and microscopic assays. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44785. [PMID: 22970306 PMCID: PMC3435303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-related neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases, are characterized by accumulation of protein aggregates in distinct neuronal cells that eventually die. In Huntington's disease, the protein huntingtin forms aggregates, and the age of disease onset is inversely correlated to the length of the protein's poly-glutamine tract. Using quantitative assays to estimate microscopically and capture biochemically protein aggregates, here we study in Saccharomyces cerevisiae aging-related aggregation of GFP-tagged, huntingtin-derived proteins with different polyQ lengths. We find that the short 25Q protein never aggregates whereas the long 103Q version always aggregates. However, the mid-size 47Q protein is soluble in young logarithmically growing yeast but aggregates as the yeast cells enter the stationary phase and age, allowing us to plot an “aggregation timeline”. This aging-dependent aggregation was associated with increased cytotoxicity. We also show that two aging-related genes, SIR2 and HSF1, affect aggregation of the polyQ proteins. In Δsir2 strain the aging-dependent aggregation of the 47Q protein is aggravated, while overexpression of the transcription factor Hsf1 attenuates aggregation. Thus, the mid-size 47Q protein and our quantitative aggregation assays provide valuable tools to unravel the roles of genes and environmental conditions that affect aging-related aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liron Ross
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iftach Nachman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shoshana Bar-Nun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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32
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Sampaio-Marques B, Felgueiras C, Silva A, Rodrigues M, Tenreiro S, Franssens V, Reichert AS, Outeiro TF, Winderickx J, Ludovico P. SNCA (α-synuclein)-induced toxicity in yeast cells is dependent on sirtuin 2 (Sir2)-mediated mitophagy. Autophagy 2012; 8:1494-509. [PMID: 22914317 DOI: 10.4161/auto.21275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SNCA (α-synuclein) misfolding and aggregation is strongly associated with both idiopathic and familial forms of Parkinson disease (PD). Evidence suggests that SNCA has an impact on cell clearance routes and protein quality control systems such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. Recent advances in the key role of the autosomal recessive PARK2/PARKIN and PINK1 genes in mitophagy, highlighted this process as a prominent new pathogenic mechanism. Nevertheless, the role of autophagy/mitophagy in the pathogenesis of sporadic and autosomal dominant familial forms of PD is still enigmatic. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a powerful "empty room" model that has been exploited to clarify different molecular aspects associated with SNCA toxicity, which combines the advantage of being an established system for aging research. The contribution of autophagy/mitophagy for the toxicity induced by the heterologous expression of the human wild-type SNCA gene and the clinical A53T mutant during yeast chronological life span (CLS) was explored. A reduced CLS together with an increase of autophagy and mitophagy activities were observed in cells expressing both forms of SNCA. Impairment of mitophagy by deletion of ATG11 or ATG32 resulted in a CLS extension, further implicating mitophagy in the SNCA toxicity. Deletion of SIR2, essential for SNCA toxicity, abolished autophagy and mitophagy, thereby rescuing cells. These data show that Sir2 functions as a regulator of autophagy, like its mammalian homolog, SIRT1, but also of mitophagy. Our work highlights that increased mitophagy activity, mediated by the regulation of ATG32 by Sir2, is an important phenomenon linked to SNCA-induced toxicity during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belém Sampaio-Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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33
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Murakami C, Delaney JR, Chou A, Carr D, Schleit J, Sutphin GL, An EH, Castanza AS, Fletcher M, Goswami S, Higgins S, Holmberg M, Hui J, Jelic M, Jeong KS, Kim JR, Klum S, Liao E, Lin MS, Lo W, Miller H, Moller R, Peng ZJ, Pollard T, Pradeep P, Pruett D, Rai D, Ros V, Schuster A, Singh M, Spector BL, Vander Wende H, Wang AM, Wasko BM, Olsen B, Kaeberlein M. pH neutralization protects against reduction in replicative lifespan following chronological aging in yeast. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3087-96. [PMID: 22871733 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronological and replicative aging have been studied in yeast as alternative paradigms for post-mitotic and mitotic aging, respectively. It has been known for more than a decade that cells of the S288C background aged chronologically in rich medium have reduced replicative lifespan relative to chronologically young cells. Here we report replication of this observation in the diploid BY4743 strain background. We further show that the reduction in replicative lifespan from chronological aging is accelerated when cells are chronologically aged under standard conditions in synthetic complete medium rather than rich medium. The loss of replicative potential with chronological age is attenuated by buffering the pH of the chronological aging medium to 6.0, an intervention that we have previously shown can extend chronological lifespan. These data demonstrate that extracellular acidification of the culture medium can cause intracellular damage in the chronologically aging population that is asymmetrically segregated by the mother cell to limit subsequent replicative lifespan.
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34
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Orlandi I, Casatta N, Vai M. Lack of Ach1 CoA-Transferase Triggers Apoptosis and Decreases Chronological Lifespan in Yeast. Front Oncol 2012; 2:67. [PMID: 22754872 PMCID: PMC3386497 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ACH1 encodes a mitochondrial enzyme of Saccharomyces cerevisiae endowed with CoA-transferase activity. It catalyzes the CoASH transfer from succinyl-CoA to acetate generating acetyl-CoA. It is known that ACH1 inactivation results in growth defects on media containing acetate as a sole carbon and energy source which are particularly severe at low pH. Here, we show that chronological aging ach1Δ cells which accumulate a high amount of extracellular acetic acid display a reduced chronological lifespan. The faster drop of cell survival is completely abrogated by alleviating the acid stress either by a calorie restricted regimen that prevents acetic acid production or by transferring chronologically aging mutant cells to water. Moreover, the short-lived phenotype of ach1Δ cells is accompanied by reactive oxygen species accumulation, severe mitochondrial damage, and an early insurgence of apoptosis. A similar pattern of endogenous severe oxidative stress is observed when ach1Δ cells are cultured using acetic acid as a carbon source under acidic conditions. On the whole, our data provide further evidence of the role of acetic acid as cell-extrinsic mediator of cell death during chronological aging and highlight a primary role of Ach1 enzymatic activity in acetic acid detoxification which is important for mitochondrial functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Orlandi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
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35
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Extension of Chronological Lifespan by Hexokinase Mutation in Kluyveromyces lactis Involves Increased Level of the Mitochondrial Chaperonin Hsp60. J Aging Res 2012; 2012:946586. [PMID: 22675632 PMCID: PMC3362934 DOI: 10.1155/2012/946586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, genomic instability, and telomere shortening represent all molecular processes proposed as causal factors in aging. Lifespan can be increased by metabolism through an influence on such processes. Glucose reduction extends chronological lifespan (CLS) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae through metabolic adaptation to respiration. To answer the question if the reduced CLS could be ascribed to glucose per se or to glucose repression of respiratory enzymes, we used the Kluyveromyces lactis yeast, where glucose repression does not affect the respiratory function. We identified the unique hexokinase, encoded by RAG5 gene, as an important player in influencing yeast lifespan by modulating mitochondrial functionality and the level of the mitochondrial chaperonin Hsp60. In this context, this hexokinase might have a regulatory role in the influence of CLS, shedding new light on the complex regulation played by hexokinases.
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36
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Breitenbach M, Laun P, Dickinson JR, Klocker A, Rinnerthaler M, Dawes IW, Aung-Htut MT, Breitenbach-Koller L, Caballero A, Nyström T, Büttner S, Eisenberg T, Madeo F, Ralser M. The role of mitochondria in the aging processes of yeast. Subcell Biochem 2012; 57:55-78. [PMID: 22094417 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2561-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This chapter reviews the role of mitochondria and of mitochondrial metabolism in the aging processes of yeast and the existing evidence for the "mitochondrial theory of aging mitochondrial theory of aging ". Mitochondria are the major source of ATP in the eukaryotic cell but are also a major source of reactive oxygen species reactive oxygen species (ROS) and play an important role in the process of apoptosis and aging. We are discussing the mitochondrial theory of aging mitochondrial theory of aging (TOA), its origin, similarity with other TOAs, and its ramifications which developed in recent decades. The emphasis is on mother cell-specific aging mother cell-specific aging and the RLS (replicative lifespan) with only a short treatment of CLS (chronological lifespan). Both of these aging processes may be relevant to understand also the aging of higher organisms, but they are biochemically very different, as shown by the fact the replicative aging occurs on rich media and is a defect in the replicative capacity of mother cells, while chronological aging occurs in postmitotic cells that are under starvation conditions in stationary phase leading to loss of viability, as discussed elsewhere in this book. In so doing we also give an overview of the similarities and dissimilarities of the various aging processes of the most often used model organisms for aging research with respect to the mitochondrial theory of aging mitochondrial theory of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Breitenbach
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria,
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37
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Boender LGM, Maris AJA, Hulster EAF, Almering MJH, Klei IJ, Veenhuis M, Winde JH, Pronk JT, Daran-Lapujade P. Cellular responses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at near-zero growth rates: transcriptome analysis of anaerobic retentostat cultures. FEMS Yeast Res 2011; 11:603-20. [PMID: 22093745 PMCID: PMC3498732 DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2011.00750.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely low specific growth rates (below 0.01 h(-1) ) represent a largely unexplored area of microbial physiology. In this study, anaerobic, glucose-limited retentostats were used to analyse physiological and genome-wide transcriptional responses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to cultivation at near-zero specific growth rates. While quiescence is typically investigated as a result of carbon starvation, cells in retentostat are fed by small, but continuous carbon and energy supply. Yeast cells cultivated near-zero specific growth rates, while metabolically active, exhibited characteristics previously associated with quiescence, including accumulation of storage polymers and an increased expression of genes involved in exit from the cell cycle into G(0) . Unexpectedly, analysis of transcriptome data from retentostat and chemostat cultures showed, as specific growth rate was decreased, that quiescence-related transcriptional responses were already set in at specific growth rates above 0.025 h(-1) . These observations stress the need for systematic dissection of physiological responses to slow growth, quiescence, ageing and starvation and indicate that controlled cultivation systems such as retentostats can contribute to this goal. Furthermore, cells in retentostat do not (or hardly) divide while remaining metabolically active, which emulates the physiological status of metazoan post-mitotic cells. We propose retentostat as a powerful cultivation tool to investigate chronological ageing-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonie GM Boender
- Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial FermentationDelft, The Netherlands
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, DelftThe Netherlands
| | - Antonius JA Maris
- Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial FermentationDelft, The Netherlands
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, DelftThe Netherlands
| | - Erik AF Hulster
- Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial FermentationDelft, The Netherlands
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, DelftThe Netherlands
| | - Marinka JH Almering
- Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial FermentationDelft, The Netherlands
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, DelftThe Netherlands
| | - Ida J Klei
- Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial FermentationDelft, The Netherlands
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenHaren, The Netherlands
| | - Marten Veenhuis
- Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial FermentationDelft, The Netherlands
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of GroningenHaren, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H Winde
- Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial FermentationDelft, The Netherlands
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, DelftThe Netherlands
| | - Jack T Pronk
- Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial FermentationDelft, The Netherlands
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, DelftThe Netherlands
| | - Pascale Daran-Lapujade
- Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial FermentationDelft, The Netherlands
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, DelftThe Netherlands
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38
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Vaubel RA, Rustin P, Isaya G. Mutations in the dimer interface of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase promote site-specific oxidative damages in yeast and human cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:40232-45. [PMID: 21930696 PMCID: PMC3220568 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.274415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) is a multifunctional protein well characterized as the E3 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes. Previously, conditions predicted to destabilize the DLD dimer revealed that DLD could also function as a diaphorase and serine protease. However, the relevance of these cryptic activities remained undefined. We analyzed human DLD mutations linked to strikingly different clinical phenotypes, including E340K, D444V, R447G, and R460G in the dimer interface domain that are responsible for severe multisystem disorders of infancy and G194C in the NAD(+)-binding domain that is typically associated with milder presentations. In vitro, all of these mutations decreased to various degrees dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase activity, whereas dimer interface mutations also enhanced proteolytic and/or diaphorase activity. Human DLD proteins carrying each individual mutation complemented fully the respiratory-deficient phenotype of yeast cells lacking endogenous DLD even when residual dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase activity was as low as 21% of controls. However, under elevated oxidative stress, expression of DLD proteins with dimer interface mutations greatly accelerated the loss of respiratory function, resulting from enhanced oxidative damage to the lipoic acid cofactor of pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and other mitochondrial targets. This effect was not observed with the G194C mutation or a mutation that disrupts the proteolytic active site of DLD. As in yeast, lipoic acid cofactor was damaged in human D444V-homozygous fibroblasts after exposure to oxidative stress. We conclude that the cryptic activities of DLD promote oxidative damage to neighboring molecules and thus contribute to the clinical severity of DLD mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A. Vaubel
- From the Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota 55905
| | - Pierre Rustin
- INSERM U676 Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, France, and
- Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, IFR02 Paris, France
| | - Grazia Isaya
- From the Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota 55905
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39
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Cai L, Sutter BM, Li B, Tu BP. Acetyl-CoA induces cell growth and proliferation by promoting the acetylation of histones at growth genes. Mol Cell 2011; 42:426-37. [PMID: 21596309 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The decision by a cell to enter a round of growth and division must be intimately coordinated with nutrient availability and its metabolic state. These metabolic and nutritional requirements, and the mechanisms by which they induce cell growth and proliferation, remain poorly understood. Herein, we report that acetyl-CoA is the downstream metabolite of carbon sources that represents a critical metabolic signal for growth and proliferation. Upon entry into growth, intracellular acetyl-CoA levels increase substantially and consequently induce the Gcn5p/SAGA-catalyzed acetylation of histones at genes important for growth, thereby enabling their rapid transcription and commitment to growth. Thus, acetyl-CoA functions as a carbon-source rheostat that signals the initiation of the cellular growth program by promoting the acetylation of histones specifically at growth genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Cai
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
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40
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Regulation of yeast chronological life span by TORC1 via adaptive mitochondrial ROS signaling. Cell Metab 2011; 13:668-78. [PMID: 21641548 PMCID: PMC3110654 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Here we show that yeast strains with reduced target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling have greater overall mitochondrial electron transport chain activity during growth that is efficiently coupled to ATP production. This metabolic alteration increases mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which we propose supplies an adaptive signal during growth that extends chronological life span (CLS). In strong support of this concept, uncoupling respiration during growth or increasing expression of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase significantly curtails CLS extension in tor1Δ strains, and treatment of wild-type strains with either rapamycin (to inhibit TORC1) or menadione (to generate mitochondrial ROS) during growth is sufficient to extend CLS. Finally, extension of CLS by reduced TORC1/Sch9p-mitochondrial signaling occurs independently of Rim15p and is not a function of changes in media acidification/composition. Considering the conservation of TOR-pathway effects on life span, mitochondrial ROS signaling may be an important mechanism of longevity regulation in higher organisms.
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41
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Quick and reliable assessment of chronological life span in yeast cell populations by flow cytometry. Mech Ageing Dev 2011; 132:315-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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42
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Callegari S, McKinnon RA, Andrews S, de Barros Lopes MA. The MEF2
gene is essential for yeast longevity, with a dual role in cell respiration and maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:1140-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Kaya A, Koc A, Lee BC, Fomenko DE, Rederstorff M, Krol A, Lescure A, Gladyshev VN. Compartmentalization and regulation of mitochondrial function by methionine sulfoxide reductases in yeast. Biochemistry 2010; 49:8618-25. [PMID: 20799725 PMCID: PMC3061818 DOI: 10.1021/bi100908v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species can damage proteins. Sulfur-containing amino acid residues, cysteine and methionine, are particularly susceptible to such damage. Various enzymes evolved to protect proteins or repair oxidized residues, including methionine sulfoxide reductases MsrA and MsrB, which reduce methionine (S)-sulfoxide (Met-SO) and methionine (R)-sulfoxide (Met-RO) residues, respectively, back to methionine. Here, we show that MsrA and MsrB are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function. Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant cells lacking MsrA, MsrB, or both proteins had normal levels of mitochondria but lower levels of cytochrome c and fewer respiration-competent mitochondria. The growth of single MsrA or MsrB mutants on respiratory carbon sources was inhibited, and that of the double mutant was severely compromised, indicating impairment of mitochondrial function. Although MsrA and MsrB are thought to have similar roles in oxidative protein repair each targeting a diastereomer of methionine sulfoxide, their deletion resulted in different phenotypes. GFP fusions of MsrA and MsrB showed different localization patterns and primarily localized to cytoplasm and mitochondria, respectively. This finding agreed with compartment-specific enrichment of MsrA and MsrB activities. These results show that oxidative stress contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction through oxidation of methionine residues in proteins located in different cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaattin Kaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Ahmet Koc
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Byung Cheon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Dmitri E. Fomenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Mathieu Rederstorff
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UPR ARN du CNRS/Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Krol
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UPR ARN du CNRS/Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Lescure
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UPR ARN du CNRS/Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston MA 02115, USA
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Oxidative stress during aging of the yeast in a stationary culture and its attenuation by antioxidants. Cell Biol Int 2010; 34:731-6. [PMID: 20337598 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress during aging of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in stationary culture was documented by demonstration of progressive increase in the formation of superoxide, decrease in the content of acid-soluble thiols and of acid-soluble antioxidant capacity of cell extracts, and accumulation of aldehydes and protein carbonyl groups in two yeast strains and decreases in activities of antioxidant enzymes. Cells of a CuZn-SOD (superoxide dismutase)-1-deficient strain showed a higher loss of viability than cells of an isogenic wild-type strain. Cell survival was augmented, and changes in biochemical parameters were ameliorated, by addition of exogenous antioxidants (ascorbic acid, glutathione and melatonin) in both strains.
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Demir AB, Koc A. Assessment of chronological lifespan dependent molecular damages in yeast lacking mitochondrial antioxidant genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:106-10. [PMID: 20707985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The free radical theory of aging states that oxidative damage to biomolecules causes aging and that antioxidants neutralize free radicals and thus decelerate aging. Mitochondria produce most of the reactive oxygen species, but at the same time have many antioxidant enzymes providing protection from these oxidants. Expecting that cells without mitochondrial antioxidant genes would accumulate higher levels of oxidative damage and, therefore, will have a shorter lifespan, we analyzed oxidative damages to biomolecules in young and chronologically aged mutants lacking the mitochondrial antioxidant genes: GRX2, CCP1, SOD1, GLO4, TRR2, TRX3, CCS1, SOD2, GRX5, and PRX1. Among these mutants, ccp1Δ, trx3Δ, grx5Δ, prx1Δ, mutants were sensitive to diamide, and ccs1Δ and sod2Δ were sensitive to both diamide and menadione. Most of the mutants were less viable in stationary phase. Chronologically aged cells produced higher amount of superoxide radical and accumulated higher levels of oxidative damages. Even though our results support the findings that old cells harbor higher amount of molecular damages, no significant difference was observed between wild type and mutant cells in terms of their damage content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Banu Demir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Urla, Izmir, Turkey
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Barros MH, da Cunha FM, Oliveira GA, Tahara EB, Kowaltowski AJ. Yeast as a model to study mitochondrial mechanisms in ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2010; 131:494-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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García-Leiro A, Cerdán ME, González-Siso MI. A functional analysis of Kluyveromyces lactis glutathione reductase. Yeast 2010; 27:431-41. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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48
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Parrella E, Longo VD. Insulin/IGF-I and related signaling pathways regulate aging in nondividing cells: from yeast to the mammalian brain. ScientificWorldJournal 2010; 10:161-77. [PMID: 20098959 PMCID: PMC4405166 DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2010.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations that reduce glucose or insulin/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling increase longevity in organisms ranging from yeast to mammals. Over the past 10 years, several studies confirmed this conserved molecular strategy of longevity regulation, and many more have been added to the complex mosaic that links stress resistance and aging. In this review, we will analyze the similarities that have emerged over the last decade between longevity regulatory pathways in organisms ranging from yeast, nematodes, and fruit flies to mice. We will focus on the role of yeast signal transduction proteins Ras, Tor, Sch9, Sir2, their homologs in higher organisms, and their association to oxidative stress and protective systems. We will discuss how the “molecular strategy” responsible for life span extension in response to dietary and genetic manipulations appears to be remarkably conserved in various organisms and cells, including neuronal cells in different organisms. Taken together, these studies indicate that simple model systems will contribute to our comprehension of aging of the mammalian nervous system and will stimulate novel neurotherapeutic strategies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Parrella
- Division of Neurogerontology Andrus Gerontology Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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González-Siso MI, García-Leiro A, Tarrío N, Cerdán ME. Sugar metabolism, redox balance and oxidative stress response in the respiratory yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. Microb Cell Fact 2009; 8:46. [PMID: 19715615 PMCID: PMC2754438 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-8-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A lot of studies have been carried out on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an yeast with a predominant fermentative metabolism under aerobic conditions, which allows exploring the complex response induced by oxidative stress. S. cerevisiae is considered a eukaryote model for these studies. We propose Kluyveromyces lactis as a good alternative model to analyse variants in the oxidative stress response, since the respiratory metabolism in this yeast is predominant under aerobic conditions and it shows other important differences with S. cerevisiae in catabolic repression and carbohydrate utilization. The knowledge of oxidative stress response in K. lactis is still a developing field. In this article, we summarize the state of the art derived from experimental approaches and we provide a global vision on the characteristics of the putative K. lactis components of the oxidative stress response pathway, inferred from their sequence homology with the S. cerevisiae counterparts. Since K. lactis is also a well-established alternative host for industrial production of native enzymes and heterologous proteins, relevant differences in the oxidative stress response pathway and their potential in biotechnological uses of this yeast are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isabel González-Siso
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of A Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071- A Coruña, Spain.
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