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Yang S, Di Lodovico E, Rupp A, Harms H, Fricke C, Miltner A, Kästner M, Maskow T. Enhancing insights: exploring the information content of calorespirometric ratio in dynamic soil microbial growth processes through calorimetry. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1321059. [PMID: 38371938 PMCID: PMC10869564 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1321059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Catalytic activity of microbial communities maintains the services and functions of soils. Microbial communities require energy and carbon for microbial growth, which they obtain by transforming organic matter (OM), oxidizing a fraction of it and transferring the electrons to various terminal acceptors. Quantifying the relations between matter and energy fluxes is possible when key parameters such as reaction enthalpy (∆rH), energy use efficiency (related to enthalpy) (EUE), carbon use efficiency (CUE), calorespirometric ratio (CR), carbon dioxide evolution rate (CER), and the apparent specific growth rate (μ app ) are known. However, the determination of these parameters suffers from unsatisfying accuracy at the technical (sample size, instrument sensitivity), experimental (sample aeration) and data processing levels thus affecting the precise quantification of relationships between carbon and energy fluxes. To address these questions under controlled conditions, we analyzed microbial turnover processes in a model soil amended using a readily metabolizable substrate (glucose) and three commercial isothermal microcalorimeters (MC-Cal/100P, TAM Air and TAM III) with different sample sizes meaning varying volume-related thermal detection limits (LODv) (0.05- 1 mW L-1). We conducted aeration experiments (aerated and un-aerated calorimetric ampoules) to investigate the influence of oxygen limitation and thermal perturbation on the measurement signal. We monitored the CER by measuring the additional heat caused by CO2 absorption using a NaOH solution acting as a CO2 trap. The range of errors associated with the calorimetrically derived μ app , EUE, and CR was determined and compared with the requirements for quantifying CUE and the degree of anaerobicity (η A ) . Calorimetrically derived μ app and EUE were independent of the instrument used. However, instruments with a low LODv yielded the most accurate results. Opening and closing the ampoules for oxygen and CO2 exchange did not significantly affect metabolic heats. However, regular opening during calorimetrically derived CER measurements caused significant measuring errors due to strong thermal perturbation of the measurement signal. Comparisons between experimentally determined CR, CUE,η A , and modeling indicate that the evaluation of CR should be performed with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Yang
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eliana Di Lodovico
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Alina Rupp
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hauke Harms
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Fricke
- Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Anja Miltner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Kästner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Maskow
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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Novy E, Esposito M, Birckener J, Germain A, Losser MR, Machouart MC, Guerci P. Reappraisal of intra-abdominal candidiasis: insights from peritoneal fluid analysis. Intensive Care Med Exp 2023; 11:67. [PMID: 37776390 PMCID: PMC10542081 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-023-00552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The understanding of high mortality associated with intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) remains limited. While Candida is considered a harmless colonizer in the digestive tract, its role as a true pathogen in IAC is still debated. Evidence regarding Candida virulence in the human peritoneal fluid are lacking. We hypothesized that during IAC, Candida albicans develops virulence factors to survive to new environmental conditions. The objective of this observational exploratory monocentric study is to investigate the influence of peritoneal fluid (PF) on the expression of C. albicans virulence using a multimodal approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS A standardized inoculum of a C. albicans (3.106 UFC/mL) reference strain (SC5314) was introduced in vitro into various PF samples obtained from critically ill patients with intra-abdominal infection. Ascitic fluids (AFs) and Sabouraud medium (SBD) were used as control groups. Optical microscopy and conventional culture techniques were employed to assess the morphological changes and growth of C. albicans. Reverse transcriptase qPCR was utilized to quantify the expression levels of five virulence genes. The metabolic production of C. albicans was measured using the calScreener™ technology. RESULTS A total of 26 PF samples from patients with secondary peritonitis were included in the study. Critically ill patients were mostly male (73%) with a median age of 58 years admitted for urgent surgery (78%). Peritonitis was mostly hospital-acquired (81%), including 13 post-operative peritonitis (50%). The infected PF samples predominantly exhibited polymicrobial composition. The findings revealed substantial variability in C. albicans growth and morphological changes in the PF compared to ascitic fluid. Virulence gene expression and metabolic production were dependent on the specific PF sample and the presence of bacterial coinfection. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of C. albicans virulence expression in the peritoneal fluid. The observed variability in virulence expression suggests that it is influenced by the composition of PF and the presence of bacterial coinfection. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the complex dynamics of intra-abdominal candidiasis and advocate for personalized approach for IAC patients. Trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (NCT05264571; February 22, 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Novy
- Service d'anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Péri-Opératoire, CHRU Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
- SIMPA, UR7300, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Mathieu Esposito
- Service d'anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Péri-Opératoire, CHRU Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
- SIMPA, UR7300, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Julien Birckener
- Service d'anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Péri-Opératoire, CHRU Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Adeline Germain
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, CHRU Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
- NGERE, U1256, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marie-Reine Losser
- Service d'anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Péri-Opératoire, CHRU Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
- DCAC, INSERM 1116, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marie-Claire Machouart
- SIMPA, UR7300, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
- Service de Mycologie et Parasitologie, CHRU Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Guerci
- Service d'anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Péri-Opératoire, CHRU Nancy, Hôpitaux de Brabois, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
- DCAC, INSERM 1116, Université de Lorraine, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
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3
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Wray AC, Gorman-Lewis D. Bioenergetics of aerobic and anaerobic growth of Shewanella putrefaciens CN32. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1234598. [PMID: 37601367 PMCID: PMC10433392 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1234598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens is a model dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium that can use Fe(III) and O2 as terminal electron acceptors. Consequently, it has the ability to influence both aerobic and anaerobic groundwater systems, making it an ideal microorganism for improving our understanding of facultative anaerobes with iron-based metabolism. In this work, we examine the bioenergetics of O2 and Fe(III) reduction coupled to lactate oxidation in Shewanella putrefaciens CN32. Bioenergetics were measured directly via isothermal calorimetry and by changes to the chemically defined growth medium. We performed these measurements from 25 to 36°C. Modeling metabolism with macrochemical equations allowed us to define a theoretical growth stoichiometry for the catabolic reaction of 1.00 O2:lactate and 1.33 Fe(III):lactate that was consistent with the observed ratios of O2:lactate (1.20 ± 0.23) and Fe(III):lactate (1.46 ± 0.15) consumption. Aerobic growth showed minimal variation with temperature and minimal variation in thermodynamic potentials of incubation. Fe(III)-based growth showed a strong temperature dependence. The Gibbs energy and enthalpy of incubation was minimized at ≥30°C. Energy partitioning modeling of Fe(III)-based calorimetric incubation data predicted that energy consumption for non-growth associate maintenance increases substantially above 30°C. This prediction agrees with the data at 33 and 35°C. These results suggest that the effects of temperature on Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 are metabolism dependent. Gibbs energy of incubation above 30°C was 3-5 times more exergonic with Fe(III)-based growth than with aerobic growth. We compared data gathered in this study with predictions of microbial growth based on standard-state conditions and based on the thermodynamic efficiency of microbial growth. Quantifying the growth requirements of Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 has advanced our understanding of the thermodynamic constraints of this dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addien C. Wray
- Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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4
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The development of ultrasensitive microcalorimeters for bioanalysis and energy balance monitoring. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
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Biothermodynamics of Viruses from Absolute Zero (1950) to Virothermodynamics (2022). Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122112. [PMID: 36560522 PMCID: PMC9784531 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biothermodynamics of viruses is among the youngest but most rapidly developing scientific disciplines. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it closely followed the results published by molecular biologists. Empirical formulas were published for 50 viruses and thermodynamic properties for multiple viruses and virus variants, including all variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, Ebola virus, Vaccinia and Monkeypox virus. A review of the development of biothermodynamics of viruses during the last several decades and intense development during the last 3 years is described in this paper.
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Fahmy K. Simple Growth–Metabolism Relations Are Revealed by Conserved Patterns of Heat Flow from Cultured Microorganisms. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071397. [PMID: 35889118 PMCID: PMC9318308 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative analyses of cell replication address the connection between metabolism and growth. Various growth models approximate time-dependent cell numbers in culture media, but physiological implications of the parametrizations are vague. In contrast, isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) measures with unprecedented sensitivity the heat (enthalpy) release via chemical turnover in metabolizing cells. Hence, the metabolic activity can be studied independently of modeling the time-dependence of cell numbers. Unexpectedly, IMC traces of various origins exhibit conserved patterns when expressed in the enthalpy domain rather than the time domain, as exemplified by cultures of Lactococcus lactis (prokaryote), Trypanosoma congolese (protozoan) and non-growing Brassica napus (plant) cells. The data comply extraordinarily well with a dynamic Langmuir adsorption reaction model of nutrient uptake and catalytic turnover generalized here to the non-constancy of catalytic capacity. Formal relations to Michaelis–Menten kinetics and common analytical growth models are briefly discussed. The proposed formalism reproduces the “life span” of cultured microorganisms from exponential growth to metabolic decline by a succession of distinct metabolic phases following remarkably simple nutrient–metabolism relations. The analysis enables the development of advanced enzyme network models of unbalanced growth and has fundamental consequences for the derivation of toxicity measures and the transferability of metabolic activity data between laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Fahmy
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany;
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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7
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Developmental energetics: Energy expenditure, budgets and metabolism during animal embryogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 138:83-93. [PMID: 35317962 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Developing embryos are metabolically active, open systems that constantly exchange matter and energy with their environment. They function out of thermodynamic equilibrium and continuously use metabolic pathways to obtain energy from maternal nutrients, in order to fulfill the energetic requirements of growth and development. While an increasing number of studies highlight the role of metabolism in different developmental contexts, the physicochemical basis of embryogenesis, or how cellular processes use energy and matter to act together and transform a zygote into an adult organism, remains unknown. As we obtain a better understanding of metabolism, and benefit from current technology development, it is a promising time to revisit the energetic cost of development and how energetic principles may govern embryogenesis. Here, we review recent advances in methodology to measure and infer energetic parameters in developing embryos. We highlight a potential common pattern in embryonic energy expenditure and metabolic strategy across animal embryogenesis, and discuss challenges and open questions in developmental energetics.
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Grütter AE, Lafranca T, Sigg AP, Mariotti M, Bonkat G, Braissant O. Detection and Drug Susceptibility Testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Using Isothermal Microcalorimetry. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112337. [PMID: 34835463 PMCID: PMC8624297 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gonorrhea is a frequently encountered sexually transmitted disease that results in urethritis and can further lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and possibly disseminated gonococcal infections. Thus, it must be diagnosed promptly and accurately. In addition, drug susceptibility testing should be performed rapidly as well. Unfortunately, Neisseria gonorrhoea is a fastidious microorganism that is difficult to grow and requires culturing in an opaque medium. Methods: Here, we used isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) to monitor the growth and the antimicrobial susceptibility of N. gonorrhoea. Results: Using IMC, concentrations of N. gonorrhoea between 2000 and 1 CFU·mL−1 were detected within 12 to 33 h. In addition, drug susceptibility could be monitored easily. Conclusions: The use of isothermal microcalorimetry provides an interesting and useful tool to detect and characterize fastidious microbes such as N. gonorrhoea that require media incompatible with optical detection conventionally used in many commercial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel E. Grütter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (A.E.G.); (T.L.); (A.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Tecla Lafranca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (A.E.G.); (T.L.); (A.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Aurelia Pahnita Sigg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (A.E.G.); (T.L.); (A.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Max Mariotti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (A.E.G.); (T.L.); (A.P.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Gernot Bonkat
- alta uro AG, Centralbahnplatz 6, 4051 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Olivier Braissant
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (A.E.G.); (T.L.); (A.P.S.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Duong HL, Paufler S, Harms H, Maskow T, Schlosser D. Applicability and information value of biocalorimetry for the monitoring of fungal solid-state fermentation of lignocellulosic agricultural by-products. N Biotechnol 2021; 66:97-106. [PMID: 34767975 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The applicability of biocalorimetry for monitoring fungal conversion of lignocellulosic agricultural by-products during solid-state fermentation (SSF) was substantiated through linking the non-invasive measurement of metabolic heat fluxes to conventional invasive determination of fungal activity (growth, substrate degradation, enzyme activity) parameters. For this, the fast-growing, cellulose-utilising ascomycete Stachybotrys chlorohalonata and the comparatively slow-growing litter-decay basidiomycete Stropharia rugosoannulata were investigated as model organisms during growth on solid wheat straw. Both biocalorimetric and non-calorimetric data may suggest R (ruderal)- and C (combative)-selected life history strategies in S. chlorohalonata and S. rugosoannulata, respectively. For both species, a strong linear correlation of the released metabolic heat with the corresponding fungal biomass was observed. Species-specific YQ/X values (metabolic heat released per fungal biomass unit) were obtained, which potentially enable use of biocalorimetric signals for the quantification of fungal biomass during single-species SSF processes. Moreover, YQ/X values may also indicate different fungal life history strategies and therefore be considered as useful parameters aiding fungal ecology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Linh Duong
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraβe 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Vietnamese-German University (VGU), Le Lai Street, Hoa Phu Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, Viet Nam.
| | - Sven Paufler
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraβe 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Hauke Harms
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraβe 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Thomas Maskow
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraβe 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Dietmar Schlosser
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraβe 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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10
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Wang Y, Zhu H, Feng J, Neuzil P. Recent advances of microcalorimetry for studying cellular metabolic heat. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Löffler MC, Betz MJ, Blondin DP, Augustin R, Sharma AK, Tseng YH, Scheele C, Zimdahl H, Mark M, Hennige AM, Wolfrum C, Langhans W, Hamilton BS, Neubauer H. Challenges in tackling energy expenditure as obesity therapy: From preclinical models to clinical application. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101237. [PMID: 33878401 PMCID: PMC8122111 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A chronic imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure results in excess fat storage. The obesity often caused by this overweight is detrimental to the health of millions of people. Understanding both sides of the energy balance equation and their counter-regulatory mechanisms is critical to the development of effective therapies to treat this epidemic. SCOPE OF REVIEW Behaviors surrounding ingestion have been reviewed extensively. This review focuses more specifically on energy expenditure regarding bodyweight control, with a particular emphasis on the organs and attractive metabolic processes known to reduce bodyweight. Moreover, previous and current attempts at anti-obesity strategies focusing on energy expenditure are highlighted. Precise measurements of energy expenditure, which consist of cellular, animal, and human models, as well as measurements of their translatability, are required to provide the most effective therapies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS A precise understanding of the components surrounding energy expenditure, including tailored approaches based on genetic, biomarker, or physical characteristics, must be integrated into future anti-obesity treatments. Further comprehensive investigations are required to define suitable treatments, especially because the complex nature of the human perspective remains poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona C Löffler
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Matthias J Betz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Augustin
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Anand K Sharma
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heike Zimdahl
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Michael Mark
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Anita M Hennige
- Therapeutic Area CardioMetabolism & Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bradford S Hamilton
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Heike Neubauer
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany.
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12
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Physical bioenergetics: Energy fluxes, budgets, and constraints in cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026786118. [PMID: 34140336 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026786118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are the basic units of all living matter which harness the flow of energy to drive the processes of life. While the biochemical networks involved in energy transduction are well-characterized, the energetic costs and constraints for specific cellular processes remain largely unknown. In particular, what are the energy budgets of cells? What are the constraints and limits energy flows impose on cellular processes? Do cells operate near these limits, and if so how do energetic constraints impact cellular functions? Physics has provided many tools to study nonequilibrium systems and to define physical limits, but applying these tools to cell biology remains a challenge. Physical bioenergetics, which resides at the interface of nonequilibrium physics, energy metabolism, and cell biology, seeks to understand how much energy cells are using, how they partition this energy between different cellular processes, and the associated energetic constraints. Here we review recent advances and discuss open questions and challenges in physical bioenergetics.
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Vogel K, Wei R, Pfaff L, Breite D, Al-Fathi H, Ortmann C, Estrela-Lopis I, Venus T, Schulze A, Harms H, Bornscheuer UT, Maskow T. Enzymatic degradation of polyethylene terephthalate nanoplastics analyzed in real time by isothermal titration calorimetry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145111. [PMID: 33940717 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are globally used for a variety of benefits. As a consequence of poor recycling or reuse, improperly disposed plastic waste accumulates in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems to a considerable extent. Large plastic waste items become fragmented to small particles through mechanical and (photo)chemical processes. Particles with sizes ranging from millimeter (microplastics, <5 mm) to nanometer (nanoplastics, NP, <100 nm) are apparently persistent and have adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. Current research therefore focuses on whether and to what extent microorganisms or enzymes can degrade these NP. In this study, we addressed the question of what information isothermal titration calorimetry, which tracks the heat of reaction of the chain scission of a polyester, can provide about the kinetics and completeness of the degradation process. The majority of the heat represents the cleavage energy of the ester bonds in polymer backbones providing real-time kinetic information. Calorimetry operates even in complex matrices. Using the example of the cutinase-catalyzed degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanoparticles, we found that calorimetry (isothermal titration calorimetry-ITC) in combination with thermokinetic models is excellently suited for an in-depth analysis of the degradation processes of NP. For instance, we can separately quantify i) the enthalpy of surface adsorption ∆AdsH = 129 ± 2 kJ mol-1, ii) the enthalpy of the cleavage of the ester bonds ∆EBH = -58 ± 1.9 kJ mol-1 and the apparent equilibrium constant of the enzyme substrate complex K = 0.046 ± 0.015 g L-1. It could be determined that the heat production of PET NP degradation depends to 95% on the reaction heat and only to 5% on the adsorption heat. The fact that the percentage of cleaved ester bonds (η = 12.9 ± 2.4%) is quantifiable with the new method is of particular practical importance. The new method promises a quantification of enzymatic and microbial adsorption to NP and their degradation in mimicked real-world aquatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Vogel
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical School, Leipzig University, Bruederstr, 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ren Wei
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Lara Pfaff
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Breite
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hassan Al-Fathi
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Irina Estrela-Lopis
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstr, 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tom Venus
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstr, 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Agnes Schulze
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hauke Harms
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Maskow
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Vogel K, Greinert T, Reichard M, Held C, Harms H, Maskow T. Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Glycolytic Reactions. Part I: Kinetic Modeling Based on Irreversible Thermodynamics and Validation by Calorimetry. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218341. [PMID: 33172189 PMCID: PMC7664384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In systems biology, material balances, kinetic models, and thermodynamic boundary conditions are increasingly used for metabolic network analysis. It is remarkable that the reversibility of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and the influence of cytosolic conditions are often neglected in kinetic models. In fact, enzyme-catalyzed reactions in numerous metabolic pathways such as in glycolysis are often reversible, i.e., they only proceed until an equilibrium state is reached and not until the substrate is completely consumed. Here, we propose the use of irreversible thermodynamics to describe the kinetic approximation to the equilibrium state in a consistent way with very few adjustable parameters. Using a flux-force approach allowed describing the influence of cytosolic conditions on the kinetics by only one single parameter. The approach was applied to reaction steps 2 and 9 of glycolysis (i.e., the phosphoglucose isomerase reaction from glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate and the enolase-catalyzed reaction from 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate and water). The temperature dependence of the kinetic parameter fulfills the Arrhenius relation and the derived activation energies are plausible. All the data obtained in this work were measured efficiently and accurately by means of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The combination of calorimetric monitoring with simple flux-force relations has the potential for adequate consideration of cytosolic conditions in a simple manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Vogel
- UFZ–Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; (K.V.); (M.R.); (H.H.)
- Institute for Drug Development, Leipzig University Medical School, Leipzig University, Bruederstr. 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Greinert
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technische Universitaet Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (T.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Monique Reichard
- UFZ–Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; (K.V.); (M.R.); (H.H.)
| | - Christoph Held
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technische Universitaet Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (T.G.); (C.H.)
| | - Hauke Harms
- UFZ–Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; (K.V.); (M.R.); (H.H.)
| | - Thomas Maskow
- UFZ–Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany; (K.V.); (M.R.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Vogel K, Greinert T, Harms H, Sadowski G, Held C, Maskow T. Influence of cytosolic conditions on the reaction equilibrium and the reaction enthalpy of the enolase reaction accessed by calorimetry and van ‘t HOFF. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Sub-nanowatt resolution direct calorimetry for probing real-time metabolic activity of individual C. elegans worms. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2983. [PMID: 32532993 PMCID: PMC7293274 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorimetry has been widely used in metabolic studies, but direct measurements from individual small biological model organisms such as C. elegans or isolated single cells have been limited by poor sensitivity of existing techniques and difficulties in resolving very small heat outputs. Here, by careful thermal engineering, we developed a robust, highly sensitive and bio-compatible calorimetric platform that features a resolution of ~270 pW—more than a 500-fold improvement over the most sensitive calorimeter previously used for measuring the metabolic heat output of C. elegans. Using this calorimeter, we demonstrate time-resolved metabolic measurements of single C. elegans worms from larval to adult stages. Further, we show that the metabolic output is significantly lower in long-lived C. elegans daf-2 mutants. These demonstrations clearly highlight the broad potential of this tool for studying the role of metabolism in disease, development and aging of small model organisms and single cells. Calorimetry is widely used for metabolic studies, but measurements of single cells and small organisms are limited by the sensitivity of current techniques. Here the authors develop a sensitive platform for performing time-resolved metabolic measurements of single C. elegans worms from larval to adult stages.
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17
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Metabolism, bioenergetics and thermal physiology: influences of the human intestinal microbiota. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 32:205-217. [PMID: 31258100 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The micro-organisms which inhabit the human gut (i.e. the intestinal microbiota) influence numerous human biochemical pathways and physiological functions. The present review focuses on two questions, 'Are intestinal microbiota effects measurable and meaningful?' and 'What research methods and variables are influenced by intestinal microbiota effects?'. These questions are considered with respect to doubly labelled water measurements of energy expenditure, heat balance calculations and models, measurements of RMR via indirect calorimetry, and diet-induced energy expenditure. Several lines of evidence suggest that the intestinal microbiota introduces measurement variability and measurement errors which have been overlooked in research studies involving nutrition, bioenergetics, physiology and temperature regulation. Therefore, we recommend that present conceptual models and research techniques be updated via future experiments, to account for the metabolic processes and regulatory influences of the intestinal microbiota.
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18
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Maskow T, Rothe A, Jakob T, Paufler S, Wilhelm C. Photocalorespirometry (Photo-CR): A Novel Method for Access to Photosynthetic Energy Conversion Efficiency. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9298. [PMID: 31243291 PMCID: PMC6594965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One key parameter for assessing the CO2 fixation in aquatic ecosystems but also for the productivity of photobioreactors is the energy conversion efficiency (PE) by the photosynthetic apparatus. PE strictly depends on a range of different fluctuating environmental conditions and is therefore highly variable. PE is the result of complex metabolic control. At the moment PE can only be determined indirectly. Furthermore, the currently available techniques either capture only short time processes, thus reflecting only parts of the photosynthetic engine, or quantify the total process but only with limited time resolution. To close this gap, we suggest for the first time the direct measurement of the fixed energy combined with respirometry, called photocalorespirometry (Photo-CR). The proof of the principle of Photo-CR was established with the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The simultaneous measurement of oxygen production and energy fixation provides an calorespirometric ratio of -(437.9 ± 0.7) kJ mol-1 under low light conditions. The elevated calorespirometric ratio under high light conditions provides an indication of photo-protective mechanisms. The Photo-CR delivers the PE in real time, depending on the light intensity. Energetic differences less than 0.14% at radiation densities of up to 800 μE m-2 s-1 can be quantified. Other photosynthetic growth parameters (e.g. the specific growth rate of 0.071 h-1, the cell specific energy conservation of 30.9 ± 1.3 pW cell-1 at 150 µE m-2 s-1 and the number of photons (86.8) required to fix one molecule of CO2) can easily be derived from the Photo-CR data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Maskow
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Dept. Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Anne Rothe
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Dept. Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Jakob
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Biology, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Paufler
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Dept. Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Wilhelm
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Biology, Johannisallee 21-23, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Application of heat compensation calorimetry to an E. coli fed-batch process. J Biotechnol 2018; 266:133-143. [PMID: 29208410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The application of biocalorimetry to fermentation processes offers advantageous insights, while being less complex compared to other, sophisticated PAT solutions. Although the general concept is established, calorimetric methods vary in detail. In this work, a special approach, called heat compensation calorimetry, was applied to an E. coli fed-batch process. Much work has been done for batch processes, proving the validity and accuracy of this calorimetric mode. However, the adaption of this strategy to fed-batch processes has some implications. In the first section of this work, batch fermentations were performed, comparing heat capacity calorimetry to the compensation mode. Both processes showed very good agreement by means of growth behavior. The heat related differences, e.g. temperature profiles, were obvious. In addition, the impact of the chosen mode on the calculation of in-process heat transfer coefficients was shown. Finally, a fed-batch fermentation was performed. The compensation mode was kept sufficiently, up to the point where the metabolic heat production accelerated strongly. Controller tuning was a neuralgic point, which would have needed further optimization under these conditions. Nevertheless, in the present work it was possible to realize a working compensation process while demonstrating critical aspects that must be considered when establishing such approach.
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Sachs S, Geipel G, Bok F, Oertel J, Fahmy K. Calorimetrically Determined U(VI) Toxicity in Brassica napus Correlates with Oxidoreductase Activity and U(VI) Speciation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10843-10849. [PMID: 28841015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Radioecological studies depend on the quantitative toxicity assessment of environmental radionuclides. At low dose exposure, the life span of affected organisms is barely shortened, enabling the transfer of radionuclides through an almost-intact food chain. Lethality-based toxicity estimates are not adequate in this regime because they require higher concentrations. However, increased radionuclide concentration alters its speciation, rendering the extrapolation to the low dose exposure chemically inconsistent. Here, we demonstrate that microcalorimetry provides a sensitive real-time monitor of toxicity of uranium (in the U(VI) oxidation state) in a plant cell model of Brassica napus. We introduce the calorimetric descriptor "metabolic capacity" and show that it correlates with enzymatically determined cell viability. It is independent of physiological models and robust against the naturally occurring fluctuations in the metabolic response to U(VI) of plant cell cultures. In combination with time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and thermodynamic modeling, we show that the plant cell metabolism is affected predominantly by hydroxo-species of U(VI) with an IC50 threshold of ∼90 μM. The data emphasize the yet-little-exploited potential of microcalorimetry for the speciation-sensitive ecotoxicology of radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Sachs
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology , Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerhard Geipel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology , Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Bok
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology , Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jana Oertel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology , Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karim Fahmy
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology , Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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21
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Calorespirometry: A Novel Tool in Functional Hologenomics to Select "Green" Holobionts for Biomass Production. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28871544 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7292-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Endophytes can diversify temperature response and biomass production in plants and microalgae. Natural and inoculated endophytes that modify growth performance are increasingly considered in research and practical initiatives for sustainable agriculture. However, efficient, novel tools are required that are able to support identification of differential effects of native endophyte populations and for pre-selection of inocula.This protocol gives instructions for applying calorespirometry as a rapid means for identifying differential effects of endophytes on temperature response and predicted biomass productivity in microalgae and plant holobionts. The protocol can help discriminating hologenomes, genes, and molecular neutral or functional markers for microalgae strain and plant improvement. Here, we focus on the microalga Chlorella vulgaris and associated microorganisms as an example for highlighting the methodology for its integration in research and application.
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22
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Garcia AH, Herrmann AM, Håkansson S. Isothermal microcalorimetry for rapid viability assessment of freeze-dried Lactobacillus reuteri. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Altwasser V, Pätz RR, Lemke T, Paufler S, Maskow T. A simple method for the measurement of metabolic heat production rates during solid-state fermentations using β-carotene production with Blakeslea trispora as a model system. Eng Life Sci 2017; 17:620-628. [PMID: 32624807 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) technology has been rapidly developed for the past 10 years as a production platform for secondary metabolites, biofuels, food, and pharmaceuticals. Yet, the main drawback of SSF is the local temperature rise of up to 20 K, which potentially reduces the strain activity and inactivates heat sensible products. Due to the low heat capacity and thermal conductivity of mixtures of air with plant material, in comparison to aqueous suspensions in submerged fermentations, heat from metabolic processes is less efficiently dissipated. The exact knowledge of the metabolic heat generation during SSF processes is crucial to guide strategies against overheating. In this work, a simple method using a cost-efficient multichannel instrument is proposed, which allows the determination of heat generation during SSF processes. This method was successfully tested and validated with Blakeslea trispora producing β-carotene during growth on barley. Additionally, the consequences of the generated metabolic heat during SSF on temperature rise and water evaporation were discussed. Finally, changes in growth and product concentration could also be detected by the heat signal, implying the potential as a timesaving screening method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Altwasser
- Department of Life Sciences and Process Engineering Anhalt University of Applied Sciences Köthen Germany
| | - Reinhard R Pätz
- Department of Life Sciences and Process Engineering Anhalt University of Applied Sciences Köthen Germany
| | - Thomas Lemke
- C3 Prozess- und Analysentechnik GmbH Haar/bei München Germany
| | - Sven Paufler
- Department of Environmental Microbiology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Leipzig Germany
| | - Thomas Maskow
- Department of Environmental Microbiology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Leipzig Germany
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24
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Korth B, Harnisch F. Modeling Microbial Electrosynthesis. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 167:273-325. [PMID: 29119203 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mathematical modeling is an overarching approach for assessing the complexity of microbial electrosynthesis (MES) and for complementing the relevant experimental research. By describing and linking compartments, components, and processes with appropriate mathematical equations, MES and the corresponding bioelectrodes and complete bioelectrochemical systems can be analyzed and predicted across several temporal and local scales. Thereby, insights into fundamental phenomena and mechanisms, in addition to process engineering and design can be obtained. However, a substantial lack of knowledge about extracellular electron transfer mechanisms and electrotrophic microorganisms presumably prevented the development of adequate models of MES, especially of biocathodes, so far. To propel efforts regarding this demanding task, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the relevant compartments, components and processes, appropriate model strategies, and a discussion on potential modeling pitfalls. By adapting an established approach to assessing the energetics of microorganism, an instruction for calculating stoichiometry, thermodynamics, and kinetics, with the example of electro-autotrophic growth at cathodes, is presented. Models of bioanodes and fundamental electrochemical equations are described to provided strategies for calculating cathodic electron-uptake reactions and connecting them to the microbial metabolism. Finally, differential equations are detailed for coupling the distinct compartments of a bioelectrochemical system. Although MES comprises anodic and cathodic reactions, the present chapter focuses on biocathodes representing a functional connection between cathode and electron-accepting microorganisms. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Korth
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Falk Harnisch
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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25
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Modeling of exo-inulinase biosynthesis by Kluyveromyces marxianus in fed-batch mode: correlating production kinetics and metabolic heat fluxes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:1877-1887. [PMID: 27844140 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A metabolic heat-based model was used for estimating the growth of Kluyveromyces marxianus, and the modified Luedeking-Piret kinetic model was used for describing the inulinase production kinetics. For the first time, a relationship was developed to relate inulinase production kinetics directly to metabolic heat generated, which corroborated well with the experimental data (with R 2 values of above 0.9). It also demonstrated the predominantly growth-associated nature of the inulinase production with Luedeking-Piret parameters α and β, having values of 0.75 and 0.033, respectively, in the exponential feeding experiment. MATLAB was used for simulating the inulinase production kinetics which demonstrated the model's utility in performing real-time prediction of inulinase concentration with metabolic heat data as input. To validate the model predictions, a biocalorimetric (Bio RC1e) experiment for inulinase production by K. marxianus was performed. The inulinase concentration (IU/mL) values acquired from the model in were validated with the experimental values and the metabolic heat data. This modeling approach enabled the optimization, monitoring, and control of inulinase production process using the real-time biocalorimetric (Bio RC1e) data. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis were carried out to study the overflow metabolism taking place in K. marxianus inulinase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Chaires
- JG Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Lee D Hansen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Sandro Keller
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Chad A Brautigam
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Huaying Zhao
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Schuck
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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27
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Adamberg K, Tomson K, Talve T, Pudova K, Puurand M, Visnapuu T, Alamäe T, Adamberg S. Levan Enhances Associated Growth of Bacteroides, Escherichia, Streptococcus and Faecalibacterium in Fecal Microbiota. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144042. [PMID: 26629816 PMCID: PMC4667893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of dietary fiber in supporting healthy gut microbiota and overall well-being of the host has been revealed in several studies. Here, we show the effect of a bacterial polyfructan levan on the growth dynamics and metabolism of fecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry. Eleven fecal samples from healthy donors were incubated in phosphate-buffered defined medium with or without levan supplementation and varying presence of amino acids. The generation of heat, changes in pH and microbiota composition, concentrations of produced and consumed metabolites during the growth were determined. The composition of fecal microbiota and profile of metabolites changed in response to substrate (levan and amino acids) availability. The main products of levan metabolism were acetic, lactic, butyric, propionic and succinic acids and carbon dioxide. Associated growth of levan-degrading (e.g. Bacteroides) and butyric acid-producing (e.g. Faecalibacterium) taxa was observed in levan-supplemented media. The study shows that the capacity of levan and possibly also other dietary fibers/prebiotics to modulate the composition and function of colon microbiota can be predicted by using isothermal microcalorimetry of fecal samples linked to metabolite and consortia analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaarel Adamberg
- Department of Food Processing, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
- Competence Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Katrin Tomson
- Competence Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tiina Talve
- Competence Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ksenia Pudova
- Competence Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marju Puurand
- Department of Food Processing, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Triinu Visnapuu
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej, building 375, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tiina Alamäe
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Signe Adamberg
- Department of Food Processing, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
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28
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The Application of Dielectric Spectroscopy and Biocalorimetry for the Monitoring of Biomass in Immobilized Mammalian Cell Cultures. Processes (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/pr3020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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