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Wysor SK, Marcus RK. In-line coupling of capillary-channeled polymer fiber columns with optical absorbance and multi-angle light scattering detection for the isolation and characterization of exosomes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3325-3333. [PMID: 38592443 PMCID: PMC11106132 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered much interest due to their fundamental role in intracellular communication and their potential utility in clinical diagnostics and as biotherapeutic vectors. Of particular relevance is the subset of EVs referred to as exosomes, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm, which contain incredible amounts of information about their cell of origin, which can be used to track the progress of disease. As a complementary action, exosomes can be engineered with therapeutic cargo to selectively target diseases. At present, the lack of highly efficient methods of isolation/purification of exosomes from diverse biofluids, plants, and cell cultures is a major bottleneck in the fundamental biochemistry, clinical analysis, and therapeutic applications. Equally impactful, the lack of effective in-line means of detection/characterization of isolate populations, including concentration and sizing, is limiting in the applications. The method presented here couples hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) performed on polyester capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fiber columns followed by in-line optical absorbance and multi-angle light scattering (MALS) detection for the isolation and characterization of EVs, in this case present in the supernatant of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultures. Excellent correlation was observed between the determined particle concentrations for the two detection methods. C-CP fiber columns provide a low-cost platform (< $5 per column) for the isolation of exosomes in a 15-min workflow, with complementary absorbance and MALS detection providing very high-quality particle concentration and sizing information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Wysor
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0973, USA
| | - R Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0973, USA.
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Zhao Z, Yang S, Tang X, Feng L, Ding Z, Chen Z, Luo X, Deng R, Sheng J, Xie S, Chang K, Chen M. DNA four-way junction-driven dual-rolling circle amplification sandwich-type aptasensor for ultra-sensitive and specific detection of tumor-derived exosomes. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115841. [PMID: 38006701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to accurately quantify tumor-derived exosomes, which have emerged as promising non-invasive tumor diagnostic biomarkers. Herein, a bispecific-aptamer sandwich-type gold nanoparticle-modified electrochemical aptasensor was developed based on a four-way junction (4-WJ)-triggered dual rolling circle amplification (RCA)-assisted methylene blue (MB)/G-quadruplex strategy for extremely specific and sensitive exosome detection. This aptamer/exosome/aptamer sandwich-type design contained a CD63-specific aptamer and a cancerous mucin-1 (MUC1) protein-specific aptamer. The CD63 aptamer modified on a gold electrode captured exosomes, and then the sandwich-type aptasensor was formed with the addition of the MUC1 aptamer. The MUC1 aptamer's 3'-end sequence facilitated the formation of 4-WJ, assisted by a molecular beacon probe and a binary DNA probe. Subsequently, a dual-RCA reaction was triggered by binding to two cytosine-rich circle DNA templates at both ends of 4-WJ. Ultimately, dual-RCA products containing multiple G-quadruplex conformations were generated with the assistance of K+ to trap abundant MB indicators and amplify electrochemical signals. The aptasensor exhibited high specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, and stability toward MCF-7-derived exosomes, with a detection limit of 20 particles/mL and a linear range of 1 × 102 to 1 × 107 particles/mL. Moreover, it showed excellent applicability in clinical settings to recover exosomes in normal human serum. Our aptasensor is anticipated to serve as a versatile platform for detecting various specific aptamer-based targets in biomedical and bioanalytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaoqi Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Liu Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zishan Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ruijia Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing Sheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuang Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kai Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China; College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Dehghani P, Varshosaz J, Mirian M, Minaiyan M, Kazemi M, Bodaghi M. Keratinocyte Exosomes for Topical Delivery of Tofacitinib in Treatment of Psoriasis: an In Vitro/ In Vivo Study in Animal Model of Psoriasis. Pharm Res 2024; 41:263-279. [PMID: 38263341 PMCID: PMC10879239 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exosomes are extracellular vesicles in the range of 40-150 nm released from the cell membrane. Exosomes secreted by keratinocytes can communicate with other keratinocytes and immune cells with specific biomarkers at their surface, which may be effective on inflammation of psoriasis and its pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to formulate and study effectiveness of an exosomal delivery system of tofacitinib (TFC). METHODS TFC was loaded by different methods in exosomes and then characterized for particle size, zeta potential, drug loading efficiency, and release efficiency. By comparing these parameters, the probe sonication method was chosen to load TFC into exosomes. The MTT assay was used to compare the cytotoxicity of the free drug with the TFC-loaded exosomes (TFC-Exo), and Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression levels of several genes involved in psoriasis expressed in the A-431 keratinocyte and their suppression after treatment. Animal model of psoriasis was induced in BALB/c mice by imiquimod and the efficacy of free TFC, and TFC-Exo were studies on macroscopic appearance and histopathological symptoms. RESULTS Exosomes encapsulating TFC showed lower cytotoxicity in MTT assay, higher suppression the expression of TNF-a, IL-23, IL-6, and IL-15 genes in real-time PCR and better therapeutic effect on animal models compered to free TFC. CONCLUSIONS This method of drug delivery for TFC may be effective on enhancing its therapeutic effects and reduction its side effects favorably in chronic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Dehghani
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-359, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-359, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Mirian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Minaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Reproductive Sciences and Sexual Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Bodaghi
- Department of Engineering School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
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Gheitasi H, Sabbaghian M, Shekarchi AA, Mirmazhary AA, Poortahmasebi V. Exosome-mediated regulation of inflammatory pathway during respiratory viral disease. Virol J 2024; 21:30. [PMID: 38273382 PMCID: PMC10811852 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses have developed many mechanisms by which they can stimulate or inhibit inflammation and cause various diseases, including viral respiratory diseases that kill many people every year. One of the mechanisms that viruses use to induce or inhibit inflammation is exosomes. Exosomes are small membrane nanovesicles (30-150 nm) released from cells that contain proteins, DNA, and coding and non-coding RNA species. They are a group of extracellular vesicles that cells can take up to produce and mediate communication. Intercellular effect exosomes can deliver a broad confine of biological molecules, containing nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, to the target cell, where they can convey therapeutic or pathogenic consequences through the modulation of inflammation and immune processes. Recent research has shown that exosomes can deliver entire virus genomes or virions to distant target cells, then the delivered viruses can escape the immune system and infect cells. Adenoviruses, orthomyxoviruses, paramyxoviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses, picornaviruses, coronaviruses, and rhinoviruses are mostly related to respiratory diseases. In this article, we will first discuss the current knowledge of exosomes. We will learn about the relationship between exosomes and viral infections, and We mention the inflammations caused by viruses in the airways, the role of exosomes in them, and finally, we examine the relationship between the viruses as mentioned earlier, and the regulation of inflammatory pathways that play a role in causing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Gheitasi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sabbaghian
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Shekarchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Mirmazhary
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lozano-Iturbe V, Blanco-Agudín N, Vázquez-Espinosa E, Fernández-Vega I, Merayo-Lloves J, Vazquez F, Girón RM, Quirós LM. The Binding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Model Cells Alters the Composition of the Exosomes They Produce Compared to Healthy Control Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:895. [PMID: 38255969 PMCID: PMC10815301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that causes dehydration of the surface of the airways, increasing lung infections, most frequently caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Exosomes are nanovesicles released by cells that play an essential role in intercellular communication, although their role during bacterial infections is not well understood. In this article, we analyze the alterations in exosomes produced by healthy bronchial epithelial and cystic fibrosis cell lines caused by the interaction with P. aeruginosa. The proteomic study detected alterations in 30% of the species analyzed. In healthy cells, they mainly involve proteins related to the extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, and various catabolic enzymes. In CF, proteins related to the cytoskeleton and matrix, in addition to the proteasome. These differences could be related to the inflammatory response. A study of miRNAs detected alterations in 18% of the species analyzed. The prediction of their potential biological targets identified 7149 genes, regulated by up to 7 different miRNAs. The identification of their functions showed that they preferentially affected molecules involved in binding and catalytic activities, although with differences between cell types. In conclusion, this study shows differences in exosomes between CF and healthy cells that could be involved in the response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Lozano-Iturbe
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (V.L.-I.); (N.B.-A.); (F.V.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.F.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Noelia Blanco-Agudín
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (V.L.-I.); (N.B.-A.); (F.V.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.F.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Emma Vázquez-Espinosa
- Pneumology Service, Institute for Health Research (IP), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Iván Fernández-Vega
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.F.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.F.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando Vazquez
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (V.L.-I.); (N.B.-A.); (F.V.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.F.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Girón
- Pneumology Service, Institute for Health Research (IP), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis M. Quirós
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (V.L.-I.); (N.B.-A.); (F.V.)
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, University of Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.F.-V.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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Flora K, Ishihara M, Zhang Z, Bowen ES, Wu A, Ayoub T, Huang J, Cano-Ruiz C, Jackson M, Reghu K, Ayoub Y, Zhu Y, Tseng HR, Zhou ZH, Hu J, Wu L. Exosomes from Von Hippel-Lindau-Null Cancer Cells Promote Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17307. [PMID: 38139136 PMCID: PMC10743428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that modulate essential physiological and pathological signals. Communication between cancer cells that express the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene and those that do not is instrumental to distant metastasis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In a novel metastasis model, VHL(-) cancer cells are the metastatic driver, while VHL(+) cells receive metastatic signals from VHL(-) cells and undergo aggressive transformation. This study investigates whether exosomes could be mediating metastatic crosstalk. Exosomes isolated from paired VHL(+) and VHL(-) cancer cell lines were assessed for physical, biochemical, and biological characteristics. Compared to the VHL(+) cells, VHL(-) cells produce significantly more exosomes that augment epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration of VHL(+) cells. Using a Cre-loxP exosome reporter system, the fluorescent color conversion and migration were correlated with dose-dependent delivery of VHL(-) exosomes. VHL(-) exosomes even induced a complete cascade of distant metastasis when added to VHL(+) tumor xenografts in a duck chorioallantoic membrane (dCAM) model, while VHL(+) exosomes did not. Therefore, this study supports that exosomes from VHL(-) cells could mediate critical cell-to-cell crosstalk to promote metastasis in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailey Flora
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Moe Ishihara
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.I.); (Z.Z.); (C.C.-R.)
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.I.); (Z.Z.); (C.C.-R.)
| | - Elizabeth S. Bowen
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Aimee Wu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (A.W.); (J.H.); (M.J.); (K.R.)
| | - Tala Ayoub
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Julian Huang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (A.W.); (J.H.); (M.J.); (K.R.)
| | - Celine Cano-Ruiz
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.I.); (Z.Z.); (C.C.-R.)
| | - Maia Jackson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (A.W.); (J.H.); (M.J.); (K.R.)
| | - Kaveeya Reghu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (A.W.); (J.H.); (M.J.); (K.R.)
| | - Yasmeen Ayoub
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.Z.); (H.-R.T.); (Z.H.Z.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.Z.); (H.-R.T.); (Z.H.Z.)
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Z. Hong Zhou
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.Z.); (H.-R.T.); (Z.H.Z.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Junhui Hu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.I.); (Z.Z.); (C.C.-R.)
| | - Lily Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (M.I.); (Z.Z.); (C.C.-R.)
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Singh AD, Patnam S, Manocha A, Bashyam L, Rengan AK, Sasidhar MV. Polyethylene glycol-based isolation of urinary extracellular vesicles, an easily adoptable protocol. MethodsX 2023; 11:102310. [PMID: 37608961 PMCID: PMC10440582 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Urine is a highly advantageous biological specimen for biomarker research and is a non-invasive source. Most of the urinary biomarkers are non-specific, volatile and need extensive validation before clinical adoption. Extracellular vesicles are secreted by almost all cells and are involved in homoeostasis, intercellular communication, and cellular processes in healthy and pathophysiological states. Urinary extracellular vesicles (UEVs) are released from the urogenital system and mirror the molecular processes of physiological and pathological states of their source cells. Therefore, UEVs serve as a valuable source of biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of various pathologies. They hold a promising source of multiplex biomarkers suitable for prognosis, diagnosis, and therapy monitoring. UEVs are easily accessible, non-invasive, and suited for longitudinal sampling. Although various techniques are available for isolating UEVs, there is yet to be a consensus on a standard and ideal protocol. We have optimized an efficient, reliable, and easily adoptable polyethylene glycol (PEG) based UEV isolation technique following MISEV guidelines. The method is suitable for various downstream applications of UEVs. This could be a cost-effective, consistent, and accessible procedure for many clinical labs and is most suited for longitudinal analysis. Adopting the protocol will pave the way for establishing UEVs as the ideal biomarker source. •Urine can be collected non-invasively and repeatedly, hence a very useful specimen for biomarker discovery. Urinary EVs (UEVs), derived from urine, offer a stable diagnostic tool, but standardised isolation and analysis approaches are warranted.•To have enough UEVs for any study, large volumes of urine sample are necessary, which limits different isolation methods by cost, yield, and time.•The protocol developed could help researchers by offering a cost-effective and dependable UEV isolation method and may lay the foundation for UEVs adoption in clinical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anula Divyash Singh
- Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Hyderabad, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sreekanth Patnam
- Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Hyderabad, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anisha Manocha
- Department of Histopathology, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Leena Bashyam
- Genomics Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manda Venkata Sasidhar
- Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Hyderabad, India
- Urvogelbio Private Ltd, Hyderabad, India
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8
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Chen JW, Liew FF, Tan HW, Misran M, Chung I. Cholesterol-linoleic acid liposomes induced extracellular vesicles secretion from immortalized adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for in vitro cell migration. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:346-360. [PMID: 37524112 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2237534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles that are naturally released by cells and play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication, tissue repair and regeneration. As naturally secreted EVs are limited, liposomes with different physicochemical properties, such as 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) and linoleic acid (LA) with modifications have been formulated to improve EVs secretion for in vitro wound healing. Various analyses, including dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to monitor the successful preparation of different types of liposomes. The results showed that cholesterol-LA liposomes significantly improved the secretion of EVs from immortalized adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) by 1.5-fold. Based on the cell migration effects obtained from scratch assay, both LA liposomal-induced EVs and cholesterol-LA liposomal-induced EVs significantly enhanced the migration of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cell line. These findings suggested that LA and cholesterol-LA liposomes that enhance EVs secretion are potentially useful and can be extended for various tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jzit Weii Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fong Fong Liew
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hsiao Wei Tan
- Institute of Research Management and Services, Research and Innovation Management Complex, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Misni Misran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ivy Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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9
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Vitucci EC, Carberry CK, Payton A, Herring LE, Mordant AL, McCullough SD, Rager JE. Characterizing the extracellular vesicle proteomic landscape of the human airway using in vitro organotypic multi-cellular models. iScience 2023; 26:108162. [PMID: 37920665 PMCID: PMC10618692 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated intercellular communication significantly influences pulmonary cell health and disease, yet in vitro methods to investigate these mechanisms are limited. We hypothesize that organotypic models of the airway can be leveraged to investigate EV-mediated intercellular signaling, focusing on EV proteomic content as a case study. Two in vitro airway culture models were evaluated by mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis: a tri-culture model consisting of alveolar epithelial, fibroblast, and lung microvascular endothelial cells and a co-culture model of alveolar epithelial and fibroblasts. EVs isolated from the tri-culture model were enriched with EV proteins regulating RNA-to-protein translation. EVs isolated from the co-culture model were enriched with EV biogenesis and extracellular matrix signaling proteins. These model-specific differences suggest that different pulmonary cell types uniquely affect EV composition and the biological pathways influenced by the EV proteome in recipient cells. These findings can inform future studies surrounding EV-related pulmonary disease pathogenesis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C.M. Vitucci
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Celeste K. Carberry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexis Payton
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura E. Herring
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Angie L. Mordant
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shaun D. McCullough
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Exposure and Protection, RTI International, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julia E. Rager
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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10
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Yalameha B, Reza Nejabati H. Urinary Exosomal Metabolites: Overlooked Clue for Predicting Cardiovascular Risk. Clin Chim Acta 2023:117445. [PMID: 37315726 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, increasing research has focused on urinary exosomes (UEs) in biological fluids and their relationship with physiological and pathological processes. UEs are membranous vesicles with a size of 40-100 nm, containing a number of bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and miRNAs. These vesicles are an inexpensive non-invasive source that can be used in clinical settings to differentiate healthy patients from diseased patients, thereby serving as potential biomarkers for the early identification of disease. Recent studies have reported the isolation of small molecules called exosomal metabolites from individuals' urine with different diseases. These metabolites could utilize for a variety of purposes, such as the discovery of biomarkers, investigation of mechanisms related to disease development, and importantly prediction of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk factors, including thrombosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia as well as homocysteine. It has been indicated that alteration in urinary metabolites of N1-methylnicotinamide, 4-aminohippuric acid, and citric acid can be valuable in predicting cardiovascular risk factors, providing a novel approach to evaluating the pathological status of CVDs. Since the UEs metabolome has been clearly and precisely so far unexplored in CVDs, the present study has specifically addressed the role of the mentioned metabolites in the prediction of CVDs risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Yalameha
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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11
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Contreras H, Alarcón-Zapata P, Nova-Lamperti E, Ormazabal V, Varas-Godoy M, Salomon C, Zuniga FA. Comparative study of size exclusion chromatography for isolation of small extracellular vesicle from cell-conditioned media, plasma, urine, and saliva. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2023.1146772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from all types of cells and are involved in the trafficking of proteins, metabolites, and genetic material from cell to cell. According to their biogenesis and physical properties, EVs are often classified as small EVs (including exosomes) or large EVs, and large oncosomes. A variety of methods are used for isolated EVs; however, they have several limitations, including vesicle deformation, reduced particle yield, and co-isolate protein contaminants. Here we present an optimized fast and low-cost methodology to isolate small EVs (30–150 nm) from biological fluids comparing two SEC stationary phases, G200/120 and G200/140 columns.Methods: The optimization parameters considered were a) the selection of the stationary phase, b) the eluate volume per fraction, and c) the selection of the enriched 30–150 nm EVs-fractions. The efficiency and separation profile of each UF/SEC fraction was evaluated by Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), flow cytometry, total protein quantification, and Western blot.Results: Both columns can isolate predominantly small EVs with low protein contaminants from plasma, urine, saliva, and HEK293-derived EV from collection medium. Column G200/ 40 offers a more homogeneous enrichment of vesicles between 30 and 150 nm than G200/120 [76.1 ± 4.4% with an average size of 85.9 ± 3.6 nm (Mode: 72.8 nm)] in the EV collection medium. The enrichment, estimated as the vesicle-to-protein ratio, was 1.3 × 1010 particles/mg protein for G200/40, obtaining a more significant EVs enrichment compared to G200/120. The optimized method delivers 0.8 ml of an EVs-enriched-outcome, taking only 30 min per sample. Using plasma, the enrichment of small EVs from the optimized method was 70.5 ± 0.18%, with an average size of 119.4 ± 6.9 nm (Mode: 120.3 nm), and the enrichment of the vesicle isolation was 4.8 × 1011 particles/mg protein. The average size of urine and saliva -EVs samples was 147.5 ± 3.4 and 111.9 ± 2.5 nm, respectively. All the small EVs isolated from the samples exhibit the characteristic cup-shaped morphology observed by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Discussion: This study suggests that the combination of methods is a robust, fast, and improved strategy for isolating small EVs.
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12
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Skrika-Alexopoulos E, Mark Smales C. Isolation and characterisation of exosomes from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:425-437. [PMID: 36708458 PMCID: PMC10038950 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes have previously been isolated from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and their anti-apoptotic properties reported. However, to further facilitate the study of CHO cell derived exosomes and allow their comparison across studies, it is necessary to characterise and define such exosomes using at least three criteria that can act as a reference for the generation of CHO cell produced exosomes. Here we report on the isolation of exosomes from CHO cells, an industrially relevant and widely used cell host for biopharmaceutical protein production, during the exponential and stationary phase of growth during batch culture using a Total Exosome Isolation (TEI) method. The resulting vesicles were characterized and visualized using a diverse range of techniques including Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta potential, Electron Microscopy and immunoblotting, and their protein and RNA content determined. We also generated the lipid fingerprint of isolated exosomes using MALDI-ToF mass spectroscopy. We confirmed the presence of nano sized extracellular vesicles from CHO cells and their subsequent characterization revealed details of their size, homogeneity, surface charge, protein and RNA content. The lipid content of exosomes was also found to differ between exosomes isolated on different days of batch culture. This analysis provides a profile and characterisation of CHO cell exosomes to aid future studies on exosomes from CHO cells and improving the manufacturing of exosomes for biotherapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Mark Smales
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK.
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13
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Formation of pre-metastatic niches induced by tumor extracellular vesicles in lung metastasis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 188:106669. [PMID: 36681367 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There are a number of malignant tumors that metastasize into the lung as one of their most common sites of dissemination. The successful infiltration of tumor cells into distant organs is the result of the cooperation between tumor cells and distant host cells. When tumor cells have not yet reached distant organs, in situ tumor cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying important biological information. In recent years, scholars have found that tumor cells-derived EVs act as the bridge between orthotopic tumors and secondary metastases by promoting the formation of a pre-metastatic niche (PMN), which plays a key role in awakening dormant circulating tumor cells and promoting tumor cell colonization. This review provides an overview of multiple routes and mechanisms underlying PMN formation induced by EVs and summaries study findings that underline a potential role of EVs in the intervention of lung PMN, both as a target or a carrier for drug design. In this review, the underlying mechanisms of EVs in lung PMN formation are highlighted as well as potential applications to lung metastasis diagnosis and treatment.
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14
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Jonak ST, Liu Z, Liu J, Li T, D'Souza BV, Schiaffino JA, Oh S, Xie YH. Analyzing bronchoalveolar fluid derived small extracellular vesicles using single-vesicle SERS for non-small cell lung cancer detection. SENSORS & DIAGNOSTICS 2023; 2:90-99. [PMID: 36741247 PMCID: PMC9850358 DOI: 10.1039/d2sd00109h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An emerging body of research by biologists and clinicians has demonstrated the clinical application of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, also commonly referred to as exosomes) as biomarkers for cancer detections. sEVs isolated from various body fluids such as blood, saliva, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid have been used for biomarker discoveries with highly encouraging outcomes. Among the biomarkers discovered are those responsible for multiple cancer types and immune responses. These biomarkers are recapitulated from the tumor microenvironments. Yet, despite numerous discussions of sEVs in scientific literature, sEV-based biomarkers have so far played only a minor role for cancer diagnostics in the clinical setting, notably less so than other techniques such as imaging and biopsy. In this paper, we report the results of a pilot study (n = 10 from each of the patient and the control group) using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to determine the presence of sEVs related to non-small cell lung cancer in twenty clinical samples examined using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita T. Jonak
- NurLabsSan AntonioTX 78201USA,UCLA Biodesign, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA
| | - Zirui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA(310) 259 6946
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA(310) 259 6946
| | - Tieyi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA(310) 259 6946
| | - Brian V. D'Souza
- NurLabsSan AntonioTX 78201USA,UCLA Biodesign, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA
| | - J. Alan Schiaffino
- NurLabsSan AntonioTX 78201USA,UCLA Biodesign, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA
| | - Scott Oh
- NurLabsSan AntonioTX 78201USA,UCLA Biodesign, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA,UCLA Health System, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA
| | - Ya-Hong Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA(310) 259 6946,NurLabsSan AntonioTX 78201USA,UCLA Biodesign, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA,UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA
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15
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Molecular Docking and Intracellular Translocation of Extracellular Vesicles for Efficient Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112971. [PMID: 36361760 PMCID: PMC9659046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, mediate intercellular communication by delivering their contents, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, to distant target cells. EVs play a role in the progression of several diseases. In particular, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels in exosomes are associated with cancer progression. Furthermore, exosomes are being used for new drug-delivery systems by modifying their membrane peptides to promote their intracellular transduction via micropinocytosis. In this review, we aim to show that an efficient drug-delivery system and a useful therapeutic strategy can be established by controlling the molecular docking and intracellular translocation of exosomes. We summarise the mechanisms of molecular docking of exosomes, the biological effects of exosomes transmitted into target cells, and the current state of exosomes as drug delivery systems.
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16
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Hallal S, Tűzesi Á, Grau GE, Buckland ME, Alexander KL. Understanding the extracellular vesicle surface for clinical molecular biology. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12260. [PMID: 36239734 PMCID: PMC9563386 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-membrane enclosed nanoparticles that play significant roles in health and disease. EVs are abundant in body fluids and carry an array of molecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and glycans) that reflect the identity and activity of their cell-of-origin. While the advent of high throughput omics technologies has allowed in-depth characterisation of EV compositions, how these molecular species are spatially distributed within EV structures is not well appreciated. This is particularly true of the EV surface where a plethora of molecules are reported to be both integral and peripherally associated to the EV membrane. This coronal layer or 'atmosphere' that surrounds the EV membrane contributes to a large, highly interactive and dynamic surface area that is responsible for facilitating EV interactions with the extracellular environment. The EV coronal layer harbours surface molecules that reflect the identity of parent cells, which is likely a highly valuable property in the context of diagnostic liquid biopsies. In this review, we describe the current understanding of the mechanical, electrostatic and molecular properties of the EV surface that offer significant biomarker potential and contribute to a highly dynamic interactome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Hallal
- Neurosurgery DepartmentChris O'Brien LifehouseCamperdownNSWAustralia,Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind CentreThe University of SydneyNSWAustralia,Neuropathology DepartmentRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Ágota Tűzesi
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind CentreThe University of SydneyNSWAustralia,Neuropathology DepartmentRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNSWAustralia,School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine & HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Georges E. Grau
- School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine & HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Michael E. Buckland
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind CentreThe University of SydneyNSWAustralia,Neuropathology DepartmentRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNSWAustralia,School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine & HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
| | - Kimberley L. Alexander
- Neurosurgery DepartmentChris O'Brien LifehouseCamperdownNSWAustralia,Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind CentreThe University of SydneyNSWAustralia,Neuropathology DepartmentRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownNSWAustralia,School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine & HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia
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17
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Liu Z, Li T, Wang Z, Liu J, Huang S, Min BH, An JY, Kim KM, Kim S, Chen Y, Liu H, Kim Y, Wong DT, Huang TJ, Xie YH. Gold Nanopyramid Arrays for Non-Invasive Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy-Based Gastric Cancer Detection via sEVs. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:12506-12517. [PMID: 36185166 PMCID: PMC9513748 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and lethal types of cancer affecting over one million people, leading to 768,793 deaths globally in 2020 alone. The key for improving the survival rate lies in reliable screening and early diagnosis. Existing techniques including barium-meal gastric photofluorography and upper endoscopy can be costly and time-consuming and are thus impractical for population screening. We look instead for small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, currently also referred as exosomes) sized ⌀ 30-150 nm as a candidate. sEVs have attracted a significantly higher level of attention during the past decade or two because of their potentials in disease diagnoses and therapeutics. Here, we report that the composition information of the collective Raman-active bonds inside sEVs of human donors obtained by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) holds the potential for non-invasive GC detection. SERS was triggered by the substrate of gold nanopyramid arrays we developed previously. A machine learning-based spectral feature analysis algorithm was developed for objectively distinguishing the cancer-derived sEVs from those of the non-cancer sub-population. sEVs from the tissue, blood, and saliva of GC patients and non-GC participants were collected (n = 15 each) and analyzed. The algorithm prediction accuracies were reportedly 90, 85, and 72%. "Leave-a-pair-of-samples out" validation was further performed to test the clinical potential. The area under the curve of each receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.96, 0.91, and 0.65 in tissue, blood, and saliva, respectively. In addition, by comparing the SERS fingerprints of individual vesicles, we provided a possible way of tracing the biogenesis pathways of patient-specific sEVs from tissue to blood to saliva. The methodology involved in this study is expected to be amenable for non-invasive detection of diseases other than GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Liu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tieyi Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shan Huang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Byoung Hoon Min
- Department
of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Ji Young An
- Department
of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Kyoung Mee Kim
- Department
of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Sungkyunkwan University School
of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Sung Kim
- Department
of Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 135-710, Korea
| | - Yiqing Chen
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Huinan Liu
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yong Kim
- UCLA
School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave. Box 951668, Los Angeles, California 90095-1668, United States
| | - David T.W. Wong
- UCLA
School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave. Box 951668, Los Angeles, California 90095-1668, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ya-Hong Xie
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- . Phone: (310) 259-6946
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18
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Kaimuangpak K, Tamprasit K, Thumanu K, Weerapreeyakul N. Extracellular vesicles derived from microgreens of Raphanus sativus L. var. caudatus Alef contain bioactive macromolecules and inhibit HCT116 cells proliferation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15686. [PMID: 36127415 PMCID: PMC9489735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer vesicles released from cells, containing natural cargos. Microgreens of Raphanus sativus L. var. caudatus Alef were used in this study as the source of EVs. EVs were isolated by differential centrifugation. The physical properties were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electron microscopy. The biological and chemical composition were studied by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, respectively. EVs had a median size of 227.17 and 234.90 ± 23.30 nm determined by electron microscopy and DLS, respectively with a polydispersity index of 0.293 ± 0.019. Electron microscopy indicated the intact morphology and confirmed the size. The FTIR spectra revealed that EVs are composed of proteins as the most abundant macromolecules. Using a curve-fitting analysis, β-pleated sheets were the predominant secondary structure. Notably, the micromolecular biomarkers were not detected. EVs exerted anti-cancer activity on HCT116 colon cancer over Vero normal cells with an IC50 of 448.98 µg/ml and a selectivity index of > 2.23. To conclude, EVs could be successfully prepared with a simple and effective isolation method to contain nano-sized macromolecules possessing anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karnchanok Kaimuangpak
- Graduate School (in the Program of Research and Development in Pharmaceuticals), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kawintra Tamprasit
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Natthida Weerapreeyakul
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mittrapap Road, Amphoe Muang, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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19
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Dhar R, Mukherjee S, Mukerjee N, Mukherjee D, Devi A, Ashraf GM, Alserihi RF, Tayeb HH, Hashem AM, Alexiou A, Thorate N. Interrelation between extracellular vesicles miRNAs with chronic lung diseases. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4021-4036. [PMID: 36063496 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vehicles (EVs) are nanoscale lipid bilayer vesicles that carry biologically active biomolecule cargos like proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) outside of the cell. Blood (serum/plasma), urine, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are all examples of biofluids from which they may be collected. EVs play a vital role in intracellular communication. The molecular signature of EVs largely depends on the parental cell's status. EVs are classified into two groups, (1) exosomes (originated by endogenous route) and (2) microvesicles (originated from the plasma membrane, also known as ectosomes). The quantity and types of EV cargo vary during normal conditions compared to pathological conditions (chronic inflammatory lung diseases or lung cancer). Consequently, EVs contain novel biomarkers that differ based on the cell type of origin and during lung diseases. Small RNAs (e.g., microRNAs) are transported by EVs, which is one of the most rapidly evolving research areas in the field of EVs biology. EV-mediated cargos transport small RNAs that can result in reprograming the target/recipient cells. Multiple chronic inflammatory lung illnesses, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, acute lung injury, and lung cancer, have been demonstrated to be regulated by EV. In this review, we will consolidate the current knowledge and literature on the novel role of EVs and their small RNAs concerning chronic lung diseases (CLDs). Additionally, we will also provide better insight into the clinical and translational impact of mesenchymal stem cells-derived EVs as novel therapeutic agents in treating CLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Dhar
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sayantanee Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
| | | | - Arikketh Devi
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed F Alserihi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam H Tayeb
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
| | - Nanasaheb Thorate
- Division of Medical Sciences, Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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20
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are anuclear particles composed of lipid bilayers that contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and organelles. EVs act as an important mediator of cell-to-cell communication by transmitting biological signals or components, including lipids, proteins, messenger RNAs, DNA, microRNAs, organelles, etc, to nearby or distant target cells to activate and regulate the function and phenotype of target cells. Under physiological conditions, EVs play an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis of the pulmonary milieu but they can also be involved in promoting the pathogenesis and progression of various respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and pulmonary artery hypertension. In addition, in multiple preclinical studies, EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (EVs) have shown promising therapeutic effects on reducing and repairing lung injuries. Furthermore, in recent years, researchers have explored different methods for modifying EVs or enhancing EVs-mediated drug delivery to produce more targeted and beneficial effects. This article will review the characteristics and biogenesis of EVs and their role in lung homeostasis and various acute and chronic lung diseases and the potential therapeutic application of EVs in the field of clinical medicine.
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21
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Imanbekova M, Suarasan S, Lu Y, Jurchuk S, Wachsmann-Hogiu S. Recent advances in optical label-free characterization of extracellular vesicles. NANOPHOTONICS 2022; 11:2827-2863. [PMID: 35880114 PMCID: PMC9128385 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2022-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are complex biological nanoparticles endogenously secreted by all eukaryotic cells. EVs carry a specific molecular cargo of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids derived from cells of origin and play a significant role in the physiology and pathology of cells, organs, and organisms. Upon release, they may be found in different body fluids that can be easily accessed via noninvasive methodologies. Due to the unique information encoded in their molecular cargo, they may reflect the state of the parent cell and therefore EVs are recognized as a rich source of biomarkers for early diagnostics involving liquid biopsy. However, body fluids contain a mixture of EVs released by different types of healthy and diseased cells, making the detection of the EVs of interest very challenging. Recent research efforts have been focused on the detection and characterization of diagnostically relevant subpopulations of EVs, with emphasis on label-free methods that simplify sample preparation and are free of interfering signals. Therefore, in this paper, we review the recent progress of the label-free optical methods employed for the detection, counting, and morphological and chemical characterization of EVs. We will first briefly discuss the biology and functions of EVs, and then introduce different optical label-free techniques for rapid, precise, and nondestructive characterization of EVs such as nanoparticle tracking analysis, dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and SERS spectroscopy. In the end, we will discuss their applications in the detection of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer and provide an outlook on the future impact and challenges of these technologies to the field of liquid biopsy via EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meruyert Imanbekova
- Bioengineering, McGill University Faculty of Engineering, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sorina Suarasan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, T. Laurian 42, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Yao Lu
- Bioengineering, McGill University Faculty of Engineering, 3480 Rue Universite, 1006, Montreal, QC, H3C6W1, Canada
| | - Sarah Jurchuk
- Bioengineering, McGill University Faculty of Engineering, 3480 Rue Universite, Rm#350, Montreal, QC, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu
- Bioengineering, McGill University Faculty of Engineering, 3480 University St., MC362, Montreal, H3A 0E9l, Canada
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22
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Bağcı C, Sever-Bahcekapili M, Belder N, Bennett APS, Erdener ŞE, Dalkara T. Overview of extracellular vesicle characterization techniques and introduction to combined reflectance and fluorescence confocal microscopy to distinguish extracellular vesicle subpopulations. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:021903. [PMID: 35386596 PMCID: PMC8978261 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.2.021903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles (30 to 1000 nm in diameter) surrounded by a lipid-bilayer which carry bioactive molecules between local and distal cells and participate in intercellular communication. Because of their small size and heterogenous nature they are challenging to characterize. Here, we discuss commonly used techniques that have been employed to yield information about EV size, concentration, mechanical properties, and protein content. These include dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, western blotting, and optical methods including super-resolution microscopy. We also introduce an innovative technique for EV characterization which involves immobilizing EVs on a microscope slide before staining them with antibodies targeting EV proteins, then using the reflectance mode on a confocal microscope to locate the EV plane. By then switching to the microscope's fluorescence mode, immunostained EVs bearing specific proteins can be identified and the heterogeneity of an EV preparation can be determined. This approach does not require specialist equipment beyond the confocal microscopes that are available in many cell biology laboratories, and because of this, it could become a complementary approach alongside the aforementioned techniques to identify molecular heterogeneity in an EV preparation before subsequent analysis requiring specialist apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Bağcı
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
- Bahçeşehir University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Nevin Belder
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University, Institute of Biotechnology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adam P. S. Bennett
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şefik Evren Erdener
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
- Address all correspondence to Şefik Evren Erdener, ; Turgay Dalkara,
| | - Turgay Dalkara
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
- Address all correspondence to Şefik Evren Erdener, ; Turgay Dalkara,
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23
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Belliveau J, Papoutsakis ET. Extracellular Vesicles Facilitate Large-Scale Dynamic Exchange of Proteins and RNA Among Cultured Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) and Human Cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1222-1238. [PMID: 35120270 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cells in culture are viewed as unique individuals in a large population communicating through extracellular molecules and, more recently extracellular vesicles (EVs). Our data here paint a different picture: large-scale exchange of cellular material through EVs. To visualize the dynamic production and cellular uptake of EVs, we used correlative confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, as well as flow cytometry to interrogate labeled cells. Using cells expressing fluorescent proteins (GFP, miRFP703) and cells tagged with protein and RNA dyes, we show that Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells dynamically produce and uptake EVs to exchange proteins and RNAs at a large scale. Applying a simple model to our data, we estimate, for the first time, the per cell specific rates of EV production (68 and 203 microparticles and exosomes, respectively, per day). This EV-mediated massive exchange of cellular material observed in CHO cultures was also observed in cultured human CHRF-288-11 and primary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. This study demonstrates an underappreciated massive protein and RNA exchange between cells mediated by EVs spanning cell type, suggesting that the proximity of cells in normal and tumor tissues may also result in prolific exchange of cellular material. This exchange would be expected to homogenize the cell-population cytosol and dynamically regulate cell proliferation and the cellular state. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Belliveau
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711.,Delaware Biotechnology Institute,, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711
| | - Eleftherios T Papoutsakis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711.,Delaware Biotechnology Institute,, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711
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24
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Teoh BY, Lim YM, Chong WY, Subramaniam M, Tan ZZ, Misran M, Suk VRE, Lo KW, Lee PF. Isolation of exosome from the culture medium of Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) C666-1 cells using inertial based Microfluidic channel. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 24:12. [PMID: 35080702 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-022-00609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of exosome from culture medium in an effective way is desired for a less time consuming, cost saving technology in running the diagnostic test on cancer. In this study, we aim to develop an inertial microfluidic channel to separate the nano-size exosome from C666-1 cell culture medium as a selective sample. Simulation was carried out to obtain the optimum flow rate for determining the dimension of the channels for the exosome separation from the medium. The optimal dimension was then brought forward for the actual microfluidic channel fabrication, which consisted of the stages of mask printing, SU8 mould fabrication and ended with PDMS microchannel curing process. The prototype was then used to verify the optimum flow rate with polystyrene particles for its capabilities in actual task on particle separation as a control outcome. Next, the microchip was employed to separate the selected samples, exosome from the culture medium and compared the outcome from the conventional exosome extraction kit to study the level of effectiveness of the prototype. The exosome outcome from both the prototype and extraction kits were characterized through zetasizer, western blot and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microfluidic chip designed in this study obtained a successful separation of exosome from the culture medium. Besides, the extra benefit from this microfluidic channels in particle separation brought an evenly distributed exosome upon collection while the exosomes separated through extraction kit was found clustered together. Therefore, this work has shown the microfluidic channel is suitable for continuous separation of exosome from the culture medium for a clinical study in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Yew Teoh
- Department of Biomedical and Mechatronics Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yang Mooi Lim
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wu Yi Chong
- Photonics Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Menaga Subramaniam
- Centre for Cancer Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zi Zhang Tan
- Department of Biomedical and Mechatronics Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Misni Misran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vicit Rizal Eh Suk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kwok-Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Poh Foong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Jalan Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia.
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25
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Perpetuo L, Ferreira R, Thongboonkerd V, Guedes S, Amado F, Vitorino R. Urinary exosomes: Diagnostic impact with a bioinformatic approach. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 111:69-99. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Tang S, Chen P, Zhang H, Weng H, Fang Z, Chen C, Peng G, Gao H, Hu K, Chen J, Chen L, Chen X. Comparison of Curative Effect of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Small Extracellular Vesicles in Treating Osteoarthritis. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:8185-8202. [PMID: 34938076 PMCID: PMC8687685 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s336062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) and their small extracellular vesicles (hUC-MSC-sEVs) have shown attractive prospects applying in regenerative medicine. This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of two agents on osteoarthritis (OA) and investigate underlying mechanism using proteomics. Methods In vitro, the proliferation and migration abilities of chondrocytes treated with hUC-MSCs or hUC-MSC-sEVs were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and scratch wound assay. In vivo, hUC-MSCs (a single dose of 5 × 105) or hUC-MSC-sEVs (30 μg/time) were injected into the knee joints of anterior cruciate ligament transection-induced OA model. Hematoxylin and eosin, Safranin O/Fast Green staining were used to observe cartilage degeneration. The levels of cartilage matrix metabolic molecules (Collagen II, MMP13 and ADAMTS5) and macrophage polarization markers (CD14, IL-1β, IL-10 and CD206) were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Finally, proteomics analysis was performed to characterize the proteinaceous contents of two agents. Results In vitro data showed that hUC-MSC-sEVs were taken up by chondrocytes. A total of 15 μg/mL of sEVs show the greatest proliferative and migratory capacities among all groups. In the animal study, hUC-MSCs and hUC-MSC-sEVs alleviated cartilage damage. This effect was mediated via maintaining cartilage homeostasis, as was confirmed by upregulation of the COL II and downregulation of the MMP13 and ADAMTS5. Moreover, the M1 macrophage markers (CD14) were significantly reduced, while the M2 macrophage markers (CD206 and IL-10) were increased in the hUC-MSCs and hUC-MSC-sEVs relative to the untreated group. Mechanistically, we found that many proteins connected to cartilage repair were more abundant in sEVs. Notably, compared to hUC-MSCs, the upregulated proteins in sEVs were mostly involved in the regulation of immune effector process, extracellular matrix organization, PI3K-AKT signaling pathways, and Rap1 signaling pathway. Conclusion Our study indicated that hUC-MSC-sEVs protect cartilage from damage and many cartilage repair-related proteins are probably involved in the restoration process. These data suggest the promising potential of hUC-MSC-sEVs as a therapeutic agent for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Oncology Institution, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People's Republic of China
| | - Penghong Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Oncology Institution, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoruo Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Oncology Institution, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Weng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Oncology Institution, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoqun Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Oncology Institution, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixiang Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Oncology Institution, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohao Peng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Oncology Institution, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hangqi Gao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Oncology Institution, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kailun Hu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Oncology Institution, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, the School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350100, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangwan Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
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27
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Brittain GC, Langlois MA, Gulnik S. Reply to: Misinterpretation of solid sphere equivalent refractive index measurements and smallest detectable diameters of extracellular vesicles by flow cytometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24170. [PMID: 34921153 PMCID: PMC8683426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- George C Brittain
- Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Life Science Research, Miami, FL, USA. .,Genotix Biotechnologies, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA.
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- University of Ottawa Flow Cytometry and Virometry Core Facility, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,uOttawa Center for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sergei Gulnik
- Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Life Science Research, Miami, FL, USA
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28
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Esquivel-Ruiz S, González-Rodríguez P, Lorente JA, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Herrero R, Moreno L. Extracellular Vesicles and Alveolar Epithelial-Capillary Barrier Disruption in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathophysiological Role and Therapeutic Potential. Front Physiol 2021; 12:752287. [PMID: 34887773 PMCID: PMC8650589 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.752287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication by transferring genetic material, proteins and organelles between different cells types in both health and disease. Recent evidence suggests that these vesicles, more than simply diagnostic markers, are key mediators of the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other lung diseases. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of EVs released by pulmonary structural cells (alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells) and immune cells in these diseases, with particular attention to their ability to modulate inflammation and alveolar-capillary barrier disruption, a hallmark of ARDS. EVs also offer a unique opportunity to develop new therapeutics for the treatment of ARDS. Evidences supporting the ability of stem cell-derived EVs to attenuate the lung injury and ongoing strategies to improve their therapeutic potential are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Esquivel-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma González-Rodríguez
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Lorente
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.,Clinical Section, School of Medicine, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaíno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Herrero
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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29
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Kogej K, Božič D, Kobal B, Herzog M, Černe K. Application of Dynamic and Static Light Scattering for Size and Shape Characterization of Small Extracellular Nanoparticles in Plasma and Ascites of Ovarian Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312946. [PMID: 34884751 PMCID: PMC8657631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In parallel to medical treatment of ovarian cancer, methods for the early detection of cancer tumors are being sought. In this contribution, the use of non-invasive static (SLS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) for the characterization of extracellular nanoparticles (ENPs) in body fluids of advanced serous ovarian cancer (OC) and benign gynecological pathology (BP) patients is demonstrated and critically evaluated. Samples of plasma and ascites (OC patients) or plasma, peritoneal fluid, and peritoneal washing (BP patients) were analyzed. The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) and the radius of gyration (Rg) of ENPs were calculated from the angular dependency of LS intensity for two ENP subpopulations. Rh and Rg of the predominant ENP population of OC patients were in the range 20–30 nm (diameter 40–60 nm). In thawed samples, larger particles (Rh mostly above 100 nm) were detected as well. The shape parameter ρ of both particle populations was around 1, which is typical for spherical particles with mass concentrated on the rim, as in vesicles. The Rh and Rg of ENPs in BP patients were larger than in OC patients, with ρ ≈ 1.1–2, implying a more elongated/distorted shape. These results show that SLS and DLS are promising methods for the analysis of morphological features of ENPs and have the potential to discriminate between OC and BP patients. However, further development of the methodology is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Kogej
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Darja Božič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Kobal
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.K.); (M.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Herzog
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.K.); (M.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Černe
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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30
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Extracellular Vesicles in Airway Homeostasis and Pathophysiology. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11219933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial–mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU) is a morphofunctional entity involved in the maintenance of the homeostasis of airways as well as in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The “muco-microbiotic layer” (MML) is the innermost layer of airways made by microbiota elements (bacteria, viruses, archaea and fungi) and the surrounding mucous matrix. The MML homeostasis is also crucial for maintaining the healthy status of organs and its alteration is at the basis of airway disorders. Nanovesicles produced by EMTU and MML elements are probably the most important tool of communication among the different cell types, including inflammatory ones. How nanovesicles produced by EMTU and MML may affect the airway integrity, leading to the onset of asthma and COPD, as well as their putative use in therapy will be discussed here.
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31
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Cha S, Seo EH, Lee SH, Kim KS, Oh CS, Moon JS, Kim JK. MicroRNA Expression in Extracellular Vesicles from Nasal Lavage Fluid in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050471. [PMID: 33925835 PMCID: PMC8145239 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles of endocytic origin released by cells and found in human bodily fluids. EVs contain both mRNA and microRNA (miRNA), which can be shuttled between cells, indicating their role in cell communication. This study investigated whether nasal secretions contain EVs and whether these EVs contain RNA. EVs were isolated from nasal lavage fluid (NLF) using sequential centrifugation. EVs were characterized and EV sizes were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, EV miRNA expression was different in the chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyp (CRSsNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) groups. The Kyoto encyclopedia gene and genome database (KEGG) database was used to identify pathways associated with changed miRNAs in each analysis group. Twelve miRNAs were differentially expressed in NLF-EVs of CRS patients versus HCs. In addition, eight miRNAs were differentially expressed in NLF-EVs of CRSwNP versus CRSsNP patients. The mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis was a high-ranked predicted pathway in CRS patients versus healthy controls (HCs), and the Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway was a high-ranked predicted pathway in CRSwNP versus CRSsNP patients. We demonstrated the presence of and differences in NLF-EV miRNAs between CRS patients and HCs. These findings open up a broad and novel area of research on CRS pathophysiology as driven by miRNA cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungbin Cha
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea; (S.C.); (S.H.L.)
| | - Eun-Hye Seo
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea; (E.-H.S.); (C.-S.O.)
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea; (S.C.); (S.H.L.)
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea; (E.-H.S.); (C.-S.O.)
| | - Kyung Soo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06973, Korea;
| | - Chung-Sik Oh
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea; (E.-H.S.); (C.-S.O.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Moon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea;
| | - Jin Kook Kim
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea; (E.-H.S.); (C.-S.O.)
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2030-7662
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EVs from BALF-Mediators of Inflammation and Potential Biomarkers in Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073651. [PMID: 33915715 PMCID: PMC8036254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as key messengers of intracellular communication in health and disease, including the lung. EVs that can be found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are released by multiple cells of the airways including bronchial epithelial cells, endothelial cells, alveolar macrophages, and other immune cells, and they have been shown to mediate proinflammatory signals in many inflammatory lung diseases. They transfer complex molecular cargo, including proteins, cytokines, lipids, and nucleic acids such as microRNA, between structural cells such as pulmonary epithelial cells and innate immune cells such as alveolar macrophages, shaping mutually their functions and affecting the alveolar microenvironment homeostasis. Here, we discuss this distinct molecular cargo of BALF-EVs in the context of inducing and propagating inflammatory responses in particular acute and chronic lung disorders. We present different identified cellular interactions in the inflammatory lung via EVs and their role in lung pathogenesis. We also summarize the latest studies on the potential use of BALF-EVs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of lung diseases, especially of lung cancer.
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Abreu SC, Lopes-Pacheco M, Weiss DJ, Rocco PRM. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Lung Diseases: Current Status and Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:600711. [PMID: 33659247 PMCID: PMC7917181 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.600711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a potential therapy for several diseases. These plasma membrane-derived fragments are released constitutively by virtually all cell types-including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-under stimulation or following cell-to-cell interaction, which leads to activation or inhibition of distinct signaling pathways. Based on their size, intracellular origin, and secretion pathway, EVs have been grouped into three main populations: exosomes, microvesicles (or microparticles), and apoptotic bodies. Several molecules can be found inside MSC-derived EVs, including proteins, lipids, mRNA, microRNAs, DNAs, as well as organelles that can be transferred to damaged recipient cells, thus contributing to the reparative process and promoting relevant anti-inflammatory/resolutive actions. Indeed, the paracrine/endocrine actions induced by MSC-derived EVs have demonstrated therapeutic potential to mitigate or even reverse tissue damage, thus raising interest in the regenerative medicine field, particularly for lung diseases. In this review, we summarize the main features of EVs and the current understanding of the mechanisms of action of MSC-derived EVs in several lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary infections [including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)], asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and cystic fibrosis (CF), among others. Finally, we list a number of limitations associated with this therapeutic strategy that must be overcome in order to translate effective EV-based therapies into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia C Abreu
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs): What we know of the mesmerizing roles of these tiny vesicles in hematological malignancies? Life Sci 2021; 271:119177. [PMID: 33577843 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease in which a bidirectional collaboration between malignant cells and surrounding microenvironment creates an appropriate platform which ultimately facilitates the progression of the disease. The discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) was a turning point in the modern era of cancer biology, as their importance in human malignancies has set the stage to widen research interest in the field of cell-to-cell communication. The implication in short- and long-distance interaction via horizontally transfer of cellular components, ranging from non-coding RNAs to functional proteins, as well as stimulating target cells receptors by the means of ligands anchored on their membrane endows these "tiny vesicles with giant impacts" with incredible potential to re-educate normal tissues, and thus, to re-shape the surrounding niche. In this review, we highlight the pathogenic roles of EVs in human cancers, with an extensive focus on the recent advances in hematological malignancies.
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The characterization of exosomes from fibrosarcoma cell and the useful usage of Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) for their evaluation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0231994. [PMID: 33497388 PMCID: PMC7837462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles containing mRNA, miRNA, and proteins of origin cells, which can control the characteristics of other cells or surroundings. Despite increasing evidence on oncogenic properties of tumor-derived exosomes, fibrosarcoma-derived exosomes remain largely unrevealed. While the proper extraction and characterization of exosomes is critical in exosomes research, there are various limitations in techniques to measure the size and homogeneity of exosomes. Here, we analyzed exosomes from a fibrosarcoma cell line WEHI-164 compared with a breast cancer cell line MDA-MD-231 as a control. Results from dot blot and western blot analysis demonstrated that GM1 ganglioside, and TSG101, HSC70 and GAPDH proteins were contained in exosomes from the WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma cell line. The existence of tetraspanins such as CD81, CD63 and CD9 was confirmed in the exosomes by ExoView analysis. The results obtained from TEM showed their sphere-like shapes of around 50 to 70 nm in radius. Through DLS, we found out that the mean radius of the exosomes derived from WEHI-164 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines was 94.4 nm and 107.8 nm, respectively, with high homogeneity. When comparing the radius measured by TEM with the radius measured by DLS, it was revealed that the difference between the two methods was about 40 nm. This study has significance in characterizing the molecular properties of exosomes from a fibrosarcoma, which has not been researched much before, and in providing clear evidence that DLS can be used as an efficient, convenient and noninvasive technique to simply check the homogeneity and size of exosomes.
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Janković T, Danilović Luković J, Miler I, Mitić N, Hajduković L, Janković M. Assembly of tetraspanins, galectin-3, and distinct N-glycans defines the solubilization signature of seminal prostasomes from normozoospermic and oligozoospermic men. Ups J Med Sci 2021; 126:7673. [PMID: 34540145 PMCID: PMC8431989 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v126.7673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostasomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) abundantly present in seminal plasma, express distinct tetraspanins (TS) and galectin-3 (gal-3), which are supposed to shape their surface by an assembly of different molecular complexes. In this study, detergent-sensitivity patterns of membrane-associated prostasomal proteins were determined aiming at the solubilization signature as an intrinsic multimolecular marker and a new parameter suitable as a reference for the comparison of EVs populations in health and disease. METHODS Prostasomes were disrupted by Triton X-100 and analyzed by gel filtration under conditions that maintained complete solubilization. Redistribution of TS (CD63, CD9, and CD81), gal-3, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and distinct N-glycans was monitored using solid-phase lectin-binding assays, transmission electron microscopy, electrophoresis, and lectin blot. RESULTS Comparative data on prostasomes under normal physiology and conditions of low sperm count revealed similarity regarding the redistribution of distinct N-glycans and GGT, all presumed to be mainly part of the vesicle coat. In contrast to this, a greater difference was found in the redistribution of integral membrane proteins, exemplified by TS and gal-3. Accordingly, they were grouped into two molecular patterns mainly consisting of overlapped CD9/gal-3/wheat germ agglutinin-reactive glycoproteins and CD63/GGT/concanavalin A-reactive glycoproteins. CONCLUSIONS Solubilization signature can be considered as an all-inclusive distinction factor regarding the surface properties of a particular vesicle since it reflects the status of the parent cell and the extracellular environment, both of which contribute to the composition of spatial membrane arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Janković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Irena Miler
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, VINČA, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ninoslav Mitić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Hajduković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslava Janković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, Belgrade, Serbia
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37
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Gao Y, Raj JU. Extracellular Vesicles as Unique Signaling Messengers: Role in Lung Diseases. Compr Physiol 2020; 11:1351-1369. [PMID: 33294981 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed extracellular particles carrying rich cargo such as proteins, lipids, and microRNAs with distinct characteristics of their parental cells. EVs are emerging as an important form of cellular communication with the ability to selectively deliver a kit of directional instructions to nearby or distant cells to modulate their functions and phenotypes. According to their biogenesis, EVs can be divided into two groups: those of endocytic origin are called exosomes and those derived from outward budding of the plasma membrane are called microvesicles (also known as ectosomes or microparticles). Under physiological conditions, EVs are actively involved in maintenance of pulmonary hemostasis. However, EVs can contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. EVs, especially those derived from mesenchymal/stromal stem cells, can also be beneficial and can curb the development of lung diseases. Novel technologies are continuously being developed to minimize the undesirable effects of EVs and also to engineer EVs so that they may have beneficial effects and can be used as therapeutic agents in lung diseases. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1351-1369, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - J Usha Raj
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine at Chicago, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Pelissier Vatter FA, Lucotti S, Zhang H. Recent Advances in Experimental Models of Breast Cancer Exosome Secretion, Characterization and Function. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:305-317. [PMID: 33351162 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is responsible for 15% of all the cancer deaths among women in the USA. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has the potential to act as a driver of breast cancer progression and metastasis. The TME is composed of stromal cells within an extracellular matrix and soluble cytokines, chemokines and extracellular vesicles and nanoparticles that actively influence cell behavior. Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles and large oncosomes that orchestrate fundamental processes during tumor progression through direct interaction with target cells. Long before tumor cell spread to future metastatic sites, tumor-secreted exosomes enter the circulation and establish distant pre-metastatic niches, hospitable and permissive milieus for metastatic colonization. Emerging evidence suggests that breast cancer exosomes promote tumor progression and metastasis by inducing vascular leakiness, angiogenesis, invasion, immunomodulation and chemoresistance. Exosomes are found in almost all physiological fluids including plasma, urine, saliva, and breast milk, providing a valuable resource for the development of non-invasive cancer biomarkers. Here, we review work on the role of exosomes in breast cancer progression and metastasis, and describe the most recent advances in models of exosome secretion, isolation, characterization and functional analysis. We highlight the potential applications of plasma-derived exosomes as predictive biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy monitoring. We finally describe the therapeutic approaches of exosomes in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny A Pelissier Vatter
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Serena Lucotti
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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39
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The Airway Epithelium-A Central Player in Asthma Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238907. [PMID: 33255348 PMCID: PMC7727704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction in response to a wide range of exogenous stimuli. The airway epithelium is the first line of defense and plays an important role in initiating host defense and controlling immune responses. Indeed, increasing evidence indicates a range of abnormalities in various aspects of epithelial barrier function in asthma. A central part of this impairment is a disruption of the airway epithelial layer, allowing inhaled substances to pass more easily into the submucosa where they may interact with immune cells. Furthermore, many of the identified susceptibility genes for asthma are expressed in the airway epithelium. This review focuses on the biology of the airway epithelium in health and its pathobiology in asthma. We will specifically discuss external triggers such as allergens, viruses and alarmins and the effect of type 2 inflammatory responses on airway epithelial function in asthma. We will also discuss epigenetic mechanisms responding to external stimuli on the level of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, as well the airway epithelium as a potential treatment target in asthma.
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40
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Dash M, Palaniyandi K, Ramalingam S, Sahabudeen S, Raja NS. Exosomes isolated from two different cell lines using three different isolation techniques show variation in physical and molecular characteristics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183490. [PMID: 33212036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are the nanoscopic lipid bi-layered extracellular vesicles with the potential to be utilized as targeted therapeutics. In our investigation, we compared three major exosome isolation techniques that were Total Exosome Isolation reagent (TEI), Protein organic solvent precipitation (PROSPR) and differential ultracentrifugation (UC) based on the biophysical and physicochemical characteristics of exosomes isolated from COLO 205 and MCF-7 cancer cell's conditioned media with an aim to select a suitable method for translational studies. 3D image analysis and particle size distribution of exosomes from their HRTEM images depicted the morphological differences. Molecular and analytical characterization of exosomes using western blotting, Raman and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and the multivariate analysis on the spectral data obtained, assessed for better molecular specifications and purity of particle. TEI method isolated exosomes with higher exosomal yield, purity, and recovery directly translatable into drug delivery and targeted therapeutics whereas ultracentrifuge had good recovery of particle morphology but showed particle aggregation and yielded exosomes with smaller mean size. PROSPR technique isolated a mixture of EVs, showed lower protein recovery in PAGE and western blotting but higher spectroscopic protein to lipid ratio and distinguishable EV population in multivariate analysis compared to exosomes isolated by TEI and UC. This comparative study should help in choosing a specific exosome isolation technique required for the objective of downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Dash
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanagaraj Palaniyandi
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sahabudeen
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N S Raja
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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de Almeida Fuzeta M, Bernardes N, Oliveira FD, Costa AC, Fernandes-Platzgummer A, Farinha JP, Rodrigues CAV, Jung S, Tseng RJ, Milligan W, Lee B, Castanho MARB, Gaspar D, Cabral JMS, da Silva CL. Scalable Production of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Under Serum-/Xeno-Free Conditions in a Microcarrier-Based Bioreactor Culture System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:553444. [PMID: 33224943 PMCID: PMC7669752 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.553444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) hold great promise for tissue engineering and cell-based therapies due to their multilineage differentiation potential and intrinsic immunomodulatory and trophic activities. Over the past years, increasing evidence has proposed extracellular vesicles (EVs) as mediators of many of the MSC-associated therapeutic features. EVs have emerged as mediators of intercellular communication, being associated with multiple physiological processes, but also in the pathogenesis of several diseases. EVs are derived from cell membranes, allowing high biocompatibility to target cells, while their small size makes them ideal candidates to cross biological barriers. Despite the promising potential of EVs for therapeutic applications, robust manufacturing processes that would increase the consistency and scalability of EV production are still lacking. In this work, EVs were produced by MSC isolated from different human tissue sources [bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT), and umbilical cord matrix (UCM)]. A serum-/xeno-free microcarrier-based culture system was implemented in a Vertical-WheelTM bioreactor (VWBR), employing a human platelet lysate culture supplement (UltraGROTM-PURE), toward the scalable production of MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs). The morphology and structure of the manufactured EVs were assessed by atomic force microscopy, while EV protein markers were successfully identified in EVs by Western blot, and EV surface charge was maintained relatively constant (between −15.5 ± 1.6 mV and −19.4 ± 1.4 mV), as determined by zeta potential measurements. When compared to traditional culture systems under static conditions (T-flasks), the VWBR system allowed the production of EVs at higher concentration (i.e., EV concentration in the conditioned medium) (5.7-fold increase overall) and productivity (i.e., amount of EVs generated per cell) (3-fold increase overall). BM, AT and UCM MSC cultured in the VWBR system yielded an average of 2.8 ± 0.1 × 1011, 3.1 ± 1.3 × 1011, and 4.1 ± 1.7 × 1011 EV particles (n = 3), respectively, in a 60 mL final volume. This bioreactor system also allowed to obtain a more robust MSC-EV production, regarding their purity, compared to static culture. Overall, we demonstrate that this scalable culture system can robustly manufacture EVs from MSC derived from different tissue sources, toward the development of novel therapeutic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de Almeida Fuzeta
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Bernardes
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa D Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Costa
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes-Platzgummer
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Farinha
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Brian Lee
- PBS Biotech Inc., Camarillo, CA, United States
| | - Miguel A R B Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana Gaspar
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Lobato da Silva
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Bu-Shen-Yi-Sui Capsule, an Herbal Medicine Formula, Promotes Remyelination by Modulating the Molecular Signals via Exosomes in Mice with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7895293. [PMID: 32774683 PMCID: PMC7396036 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7895293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Bu-shen-yi-sui capsule (BSYSC) could significantly reduce the relapse rate, prevent the progression of MS, and enhance remyelination following neurological injury in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an established model of MS; however, the mechanism underlying the effect of BSYSC on remyelination has not been well elucidated. This study showed that exosomes carrying biological information are involved in the pathological process of MS and that modified exosomes can promote remyelination by modulating related proteins and microRNAs (miRs). Here, the mechanism by which BSYSC promoted remyelination via exosome-mediated molecular signals was investigated in EAE mice and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in vitro. The results showed that BSYSC treatment significantly improved the body weight and clinical scores of EAE mice, alleviated inflammatory infiltration and nerve fiber injury, protected the ultrastructural integrity of the myelin sheath, and significantly increased the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) in EAE mice. In an in vitro OPC study, BSYSC-containing serum, especially 20% BSYSC, promoted the proliferation and migration of OPCs and induced OPCs to differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes that expressed MBP. Furthermore, BSYSC treatment regulated the expression of neuropilin- (NRP-) 1 and GTX, downregulated the expression of miR-16, let-7, miR-15, miR-98, miR-486, and miR-182, and upregulated the level of miR-146 in serum exosomes of EAE mice. In conclusion, these results suggested that BSYSC has a neuroprotective effect and facilitates remyelination and that the mechanism underlying the effect of BSYSC on remyelination probably involves regulation of the NRP-1 and GTX proteins and miRs in serum exosomes, which drive promyelination.
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Midekessa G, Godakumara K, Ord J, Viil J, Lättekivi F, Dissanayake K, Kopanchuk S, Rinken A, Andronowska A, Bhattacharjee S, Rinken T, Fazeli A. Zeta Potential of Extracellular Vesicles: Toward Understanding the Attributes that Determine Colloidal Stability. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16701-16710. [PMID: 32685837 PMCID: PMC7364712 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles (<200 nm), play a vital role in intercellular communication and carry a net negative surface charge under physiological conditions. Zeta potential (ZP) is a popular method to measure the surface potential of EVs, while used as an indicator of surface charge, and colloidal stability influenced by surface chemistry, bioconjugation, and the theoretical model applied. Here, we investigated the effects of such factors on ZP of well-characterized EVs derived from the human choriocarcinoma JAr cells. The EVs were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) of various phosphate ionic concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mM), with or without detergent (Tween-20), or in the presence (10 mM) of different salts (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and AlCl3) and at different pH values (4, 7, and 10) while the ZP was measured. The ZP changed inversely with the buffer concentration, while Tween-20 caused a significant (p < 0.05) lowering of the ZP. Moreover, the ZP was significantly (p < 0.05) less negative in the presence of ions with higher valency (Al3+/Ca2+) than in the presence of monovalent ones (Na+/K+). Besides, the ZP of EVs became less negative at acidic pH, and vice versa. The integrated data underpins the crucial role of physicochemical attributes that influence the colloidal stability of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getnet Midekessa
- Department
of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kasun Godakumara
- Department
of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - James Ord
- Department
of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Janeli Viil
- Department
of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Freddy Lättekivi
- Department
of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Keerthie Dissanayake
- Department
of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Ago Rinken
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aneta Andronowska
- Department
of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and
Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School
of Veterinary Medicine, University College
Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Toonika Rinken
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Department
of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Academic
Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Department of Oncology
and Metabolism, Medical School, University
of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.
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44
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Gandham S, Su X, Wood J, Nocera AL, Alli SC, Milane L, Zimmerman A, Amiji M, Ivanov AR. Technologies and Standardization in Research on Extracellular Vesicles. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:1066-1098. [PMID: 32564882 PMCID: PMC7302792 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer membrane-enclosed structures containing RNAs, proteins, lipids, metabolites, and other molecules, secreted by various cells into physiological fluids. EV-mediated transfer of biomolecules is a critical component of a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Potential applications of EVs in novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have brought increasing attention. However, EV research remains highly challenging due to the inherently complex biogenesis of EVs and their vast heterogeneity in size, composition, and origin. There is a need for the establishment of standardized methods that address EV heterogeneity and sources of pre-analytical and analytical variability in EV studies. Here, we review technologies developed for EV isolation and characterization and discuss paths toward standardization in EV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srujan Gandham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xianyi Su
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jacqueline Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Angela L Nocera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarath Chandra Alli
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lara Milane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander R Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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45
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Qin B, Zhang Q, Hu XM, Mi TY, Yu HY, Liu SS, Zhang B, Tang M, Huang JF, Xiong K. How does temperature play a role in the storage of extracellular vesicles? J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7663-7680. [PMID: 32324279 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain specific proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that can be passed to other cells as signal molecules to alter their function. However, there are many problems and challenges in the conversion and clinical application of EVs. Storage and protection of EVs is one of the issues that need further research. To adapt to potential clinical applications, this type of problem must be solved. This review summarizes the storage practices of EVs in recent years, and explains the impact of temperature on the quality and stability of EVs during storage based on current research, and explains the potential mechanisms involved in this effect as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qin
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi-Min Hu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tuo-Yang Mi
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hai-Yang Yu
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shen-Shen Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mu Tang
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ju-Fang Huang
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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46
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Zhang Y, Deng Z, Lou D, Wang Y, Wang R, Hu R, Zhang X, Zhu Q, Chen Y, Liu F. High-Efficiency Separation of Extracellular Vesicles from Lipoproteins in Plasma by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7493-7499. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zaian Deng
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, China
| | - Doudou Lou
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xueer Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qingfu Zhu
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yuchao Chen
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
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47
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Wang C, Wang C, Jin D, Yu Y, Yang F, Zhang Y, Yao Q, Zhang GJ. AuNP-Amplified Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor for the Quantification of Exosomes. ACS Sens 2020; 5:362-369. [PMID: 31933360 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-amplified surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor for exosome detection with high sensitivity. The SAW chip was self-assembled with mercapto acetic acid to generate carboxylic groups via the Au-S bond. Anti-CD63 was then anchored onto the chip by pretreatment with 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide,1-hydroxypyrrolidine-2,5-dione (NHS). Due to the existence of a membrane protein, CD63, on the exosome surface, exosomes could be bound onto the antibody-immobilized SAW chip. To amplify the detection signal, both the biotin-conjugated epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibody as a secondary antibody and AuNP-labeled streptavidin were applied onto the exosome-bound SAW chip, resulting in AuNP assembly on the chip through biotin-avidin recognition. The sensor was capable of detecting 1.1 × 103 particles/mL exosomes, which was about 2 orders of magnitude higher than those detected by the strategy without using signal amplification. The sensor also achieved a satisfactory specificity and could detect the low-abundance exosomes directly in blood samples from cancer patients with minimal disturbance. This makes the SAW sensor useful for early diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyun Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Cancan Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Dan Jin
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Qunfeng Yao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, P. R. China
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48
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de Vries E, Du W, Guo H, de Haan CA. Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase-Receptor Balance: Preserving Virus Motility. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:57-67. [PMID: 31629602 PMCID: PMC7172302 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) occasionally cross the species barrier and adapt to novel host species. This requires readjustment of the functional balance of the sialic acid receptor-binding hemagglutinin (HA) and the receptor-destroying neuraminidase (NA) to the sialoglycan-receptor repertoire of the new host. Novel techniques have revealed mechanistic details of this HA-NA-receptor balance, emphasizing a previously underappreciated crucial role for NA in driving the motility of receptor-associated IAV particles. Motility enables virion penetration of the sialylated mucus layer as well as attachment to, and uptake into, underlying epithelial cells. As IAVs are essentially irreversibly bound in the absence of NA activity, the fine-tuning of the HA-NA-receptor balance rather than the binding avidity of IAV particles per se is an important factor in determining host species tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik de Vries
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hongbo Guo
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A.M. de Haan
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands,Correspondence:
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49
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Gupta R, Radicioni G, Abdelwahab S, Dang H, Carpenter J, Chua M, Mieczkowski PA, Sheridan JT, Randell SH, Kesimer M. Intercellular Communication between Airway Epithelial Cells Is Mediated by Exosome-Like Vesicles. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:209-220. [PMID: 30230353 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0156oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelium structure/function can be altered by local inflammatory/immune signals, and this process is called epithelial remodeling. The mechanism by which this innate response is regulated, which causes mucin/mucus overproduction, is largely unknown. Exosomes are nanovesicles that can be secreted and internalized by cells to transport cellular cargo, such as proteins, lipids, and miRNA. The objective of this study was to understand the role exosomes play in airway remodeling through cell-cell communication. We used two different human airway cell cultures: primary human tracheobronchial (HTBE) cells, and a cultured airway epithelial cell line (Calu-3). After intercellular exosomal transfer, comprehensive proteomic and genomic characterization of cell secretions and exosomes was performed. Quantitative proteomics and exosomal miRNA analysis profiles indicated that the two cell types are fundamentally distinct. HTBE cell secretions were typically dominated by fundamental innate/protective proteins, including mucin MUC5B, and Calu-3 cell secretions were dominated by pathology-associated proteins, including mucin MUC5AC. After exosomal transfer/intake, approximately 20% of proteins, including MUC5AC and MUC5B, were significantly altered in HTBE secretions. After exosome transfer, approximately 90 miRNAs (∼4%) were upregulated in HTBE exosomes, whereas Calu-3 exosomes exhibited a preserved miRNA profile. Together, our data suggest that the transfer of exosomal cargo between airway epithelial cells significantly alters the qualitative and quantitative profiles of airway secretions, including mucin hypersecretion, and the miRNA cargo of exosomes in target cells. This finding indicates that cellular information can be carried between airway epithelial cells via exosomes, which may play an important role in airway biology and epithelial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Gupta
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,2 Marsico Lung Institute
| | - Giorgia Radicioni
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,2 Marsico Lung Institute
| | - Sabri Abdelwahab
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,2 Marsico Lung Institute
| | | | - Jerome Carpenter
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,2 Marsico Lung Institute
| | | | | | - John T Sheridan
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,2 Marsico Lung Institute
| | - Scott H Randell
- 2 Marsico Lung Institute.,4 Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,2 Marsico Lung Institute
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50
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Hon KW, Ab-Mutalib NS, Abdullah NMA, Jamal R, Abu N. Extracellular Vesicle-derived circular RNAs confers chemoresistance in Colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16497. [PMID: 31712601 PMCID: PMC6848089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemo-resistance is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC), with the absence of early biomarker. Exosomes are microvesicles released by body cells for intercellular communication. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with covalently closed loops and enriched in exosomes. Crosstalk between circRNAs in exosomes and chemo-resistance in CRC remains unknown. This research aims to identify exosomal circRNAs associated with FOLFOX-resistance in CRC. FOLFOX-resistant HCT116 CRC cells (HCT116-R) were generated from parental HCT116 cells (HCT116-P) using periodic drug induction. Exosomes were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zetasizer and Western blot. Our exosomes were translucent cup-shaped structures under TEM with differential expression of TSG101, CD9, and CD63. We performed circRNAs microarray using exosomal RNAs from HCT116-R and HCT116-P cells. We validated our microarray data using serum samples. We performed drug sensitivity assay and cell cycle analysis to characterize selected circRNA after siRNA-knockdown. Using fold change >2 and p < 0.05, we identified 105 significantly upregulated and 34 downregulated circRNAs in HCT116-R exosomes. Knockdown of circ_0000338 improved the chemo-resistance of CRC cells. We have proposed that circ_0000338 may have dual regulatory roles in chemo-resistant CRC. Exosomal circ_0000338 could be a potential biomarker for further validation in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kha Wai Hon
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Syakima Ab-Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Muhd Aslan Abdullah
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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