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Xia CJ, Li BH, Guo YN, Zhou XH, Zhang RL, Niu YN. Establishment and performance analysis of a new multiplex detection method for influenza an and B virus antigen. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:5338-5345. [PMID: 39156089 PMCID: PMC11238682 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i23.5338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A and B virus detection is pivotal in epidemiological surveillance and disease management. Rapid and accurate diagnostic techniques are crucial for timely clinical intervention and outbreak prevention. Quantum dot-encoded microspheres have been widely used in immunodetection. The integration of quantum dot-encoded microspheres with flow cytometry is a well-established technique that enables rapid analysis. Thus, establishing a multiplex detection method for influenza A and B virus antigens based on flow cytometry quantum dot microspheres will help in disease diagnosis. AIM To establish a codetection method of influenza A and B virus antigens based on flow cytometry quantum dot-encoded microsphere technology, which forms the foundation for the assays of multiple respiratory virus biomarkers. METHODS Different quantum dot-encoded microspheres were used to couple the monoclonal antibodies against influenza A and B. The known influenza A and B antigens were detected both separately and simultaneously on a flow cytometer, and the detection conditions were optimized to establish the influenza A and B antigen codetection method, which was utilized for their detection in clinical samples. The results were compared with the fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to validate the clinical performance of this method. RESULTS The limits of detection of this method were 26.1 and 10.7 pg/mL for influenza A and B antigens, respectively, which both ranged from 15.6 to 250000 pg/mL. In the clinical sample evaluation, the proposed method well correlated with the fluorescent quantitative PCR method, with positive, negative, and overall compliance rates of 57.4%, 100%, and 71.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION A multiplex assay for quantitative detection of influenza A and B virus antigens has been established, which is characterized by high sensitivity, good specificity, and a wide detection range and is promising for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jing Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, West Wing, Shenzhen Hospital (Guangming) of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518106, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bao-Hua Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, West Wing, Shenzhen Hospital (Guangming) of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518106, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Ni Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, West Wing, Shenzhen Hospital (Guangming) of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518106, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-He Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, West Wing, Shenzhen Hospital (Guangming) of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518106, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Run-Ling Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, West Wing, Shenzhen Hospital (Guangming) of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518106, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying-No Niu
- Laboratory, Nanjing Vazyme Biotech Co. Ltd, Nanjing 210033, Jiangsu Province, China
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Kraemer S, Schneider DJ, Paterson C, Perry D, Westacott MJ, Hagar Y, Katilius E, Lynch S, Russell TM, Johnson T, Astling DP, DeLisle RK, Cleveland J, Gold L, Drolet DW, Janjic N. Crossing the Halfway Point: Aptamer-Based, Highly Multiplexed Assay for the Assessment of the Proteome. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 39038188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Measuring responses in the proteome to various perturbations improves our understanding of biological systems. The value of information gained from such studies is directly proportional to the number of proteins measured. To overcome technical challenges associated with highly multiplexed measurements, we developed an affinity reagent-based method that uses aptamers with protein-like side chains along with an assay that takes advantage of their unique properties. As hybrid affinity reagents, modified aptamers are fully comparable to antibodies in terms of binding characteristics toward proteins, including epitope size, shape complementarity, affinity and specificity. Our assay combines these intrinsic binding properties with serial kinetic proofreading steps to allow highly effective partitioning of stable specific complexes from unstable nonspecific complexes. The use of these orthogonal methods to enhance specificity effectively overcomes the severe limitation to multiplexing inherent to the use of sandwich-based methods. Our assay currently measures half of the unique proteins encoded in the human genome with femtomolar sensitivity, broad dynamic range and exceptionally high reproducibility. Using machine learning to identify patterns of change, we have developed tests based on measurement of multiple proteins predictive of current health states and future disease risk to guide a holistic approach to precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kraemer
- SomaLogic, 2495 Wilderness Place, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Schneider
- SomaLogic, 2495 Wilderness Place, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States of America
| | - Clare Paterson
- SomaLogic, 2495 Wilderness Place, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States of America
| | - Darryl Perry
- SomaLogic, 2495 Wilderness Place, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States of America
| | - Matthew J Westacott
- SomaLogic, 2495 Wilderness Place, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States of America
| | - Yolanda Hagar
- SomaLogic, 2495 Wilderness Place, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States of America
| | - Evaldas Katilius
- SomaLogic, 2495 Wilderness Place, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States of America
| | - Sean Lynch
- SomaLogic, 2495 Wilderness Place, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States of America
| | - Theresa M Russell
- SomaLogic, 2495 Wilderness Place, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States of America
| | - Ted Johnson
- SomaLogic, 2495 Wilderness Place, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States of America
| | - David P Astling
- SomaLogic, 2495 Wilderness Place, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States of America
| | - Robert Kirk DeLisle
- SomaLogic, 2495 Wilderness Place, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States of America
| | - Jason Cleveland
- SomaLogic, 2495 Wilderness Place, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States of America
| | - Larry Gold
- SomaLogic, 2495 Wilderness Place, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States of America
| | - Daniel W Drolet
- SomaLogic, 2495 Wilderness Place, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States of America
| | - Nebojsa Janjic
- SomaLogic, 2495 Wilderness Place, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States of America
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3
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Chen Z, Luo G, Ren J, Wang Q, Zhao X, Wei L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Deng Y, Li S. Recent Advances in and Application of Fluorescent Microspheres for Multiple Nucleic Acid Detection. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:265. [PMID: 38920569 PMCID: PMC11201543 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Traditional single nucleic acid assays can only detect one target while multiple nucleic acid assays can detect multiple targets simultaneously, providing comprehensive and accurate information. Fluorescent microspheres in multiplexed nucleic acid detection offer high sensitivity, specificity, multiplexing, flexibility, and scalability advantages, enabling precise, real-time results and supporting clinical diagnosis and research. However, multiplexed assays face challenges like complexity, costs, and sample handling issues. The review explores the recent advancements and applications of fluorescent microspheres in multiple nucleic acid detection. It discusses the versatility of fluorescent microspheres in various fields, such as disease diagnosis, drug screening, and personalized medicine. The review highlights the possibility of adjusting the performance of fluorescent microspheres by modifying concentrations and carrier forms, allowing for tailored applications. It emphasizes the potential of fluorescent microsphere technology in revolutionizing nucleic acid detection and advancing health, disease treatment, and medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.L.); (J.R.); (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Gaoming Luo
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.L.); (J.R.); (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jie Ren
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.L.); (J.R.); (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qixuan Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.L.); (J.R.); (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xinping Zhao
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.L.); (J.R.); (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Linyu Wei
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.L.); (J.R.); (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China;
| | - Yuan Liu
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.L.); (J.R.); (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yan Deng
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.L.); (J.R.); (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Song Li
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases & Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (G.L.); (J.R.); (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha 410008, China
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Ghosh R, Arnheim A, van Zee M, Shang L, Soemardy C, Tang RC, Mellody M, Baghdasarian S, Sanchez Ochoa E, Ye S, Chen S, Williamson C, Karunaratne A, Di Carlo D. Lab on a Particle Technologies. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7817-7839. [PMID: 38650433 PMCID: PMC11112544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ghosh
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alyssa Arnheim
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mark van Zee
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Lily Shang
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Citradewi Soemardy
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Rui-Chian Tang
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Michael Mellody
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sevana Baghdasarian
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Edwin Sanchez Ochoa
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shun Ye
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Cayden Williamson
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Amrith Karunaratne
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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5
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Miyata J, Yamanashi H, Kawashiri SY, Soutome S, Arima K, Tamai M, Nonaka F, Honda Y, Kitamura M, Yoshida K, Shimizu Y, Hayashida N, Kawakami S, Takamura N, Sawase T, Yoshimura A, Nagata Y, Ohnishi M, Aoyagi K, Kawakami A, Saito T, Maeda T. Profile of Nagasaki Islands Study (NaIS): A Population-based Prospective Cohort Study on Multi-disease. J Epidemiol 2024; 34:254-263. [PMID: 37517991 PMCID: PMC10999517 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20230079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In an aging society, it is important to visualize the conditions of people living with diseases or disabilities, such as frailty and sarcopenia, and determine the environmental and genetic factors underlying such conditions. Atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness are key conditions between these factors and noncommunicable diseases. In 2014, we launched a population-based prospective open-cohort study, the Nagasaki Islands Study (NaIS), which was conducted in Goto City, located in the remote islands of Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, mostly involving middle-aged and older residents. We conducted our own health checkups along with the annual standardized checkups organized by the municipality; recruited study participants; and started to follow them for vital status (death), migration, and occurrence of diseases, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, fracture, and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated uveitis. Our checkups were conducted as baseline surveys in different areas of Goto City during the fiscal years 2014-2016, secondary surveys during 2017-2019, and tertiary surveys since 2021, consisting of medical interviews, physical examinations, blood and urine tests, body composition measurements, osteoporosis screening, arterial stiffness measurements, carotid ultrasonography, and dental examination. A total of 4,957 residents participated in either the baseline or secondary surveys and were followed; 3,594 and 3,364 residents (aged 27-96 and 28-98 years) participated in the baseline and secondary surveys, respectively. In conclusion, the NaIS has been undertaken to reveal the influence of aging and risk factors of noncommunicable diseases and disabilities, with an aim to contribute towards better healthcare in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Miyata
- Department of Island and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Yamanashi
- Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Kawashiri
- Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sakiko Soutome
- Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Arima
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mami Tamai
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Nonaka
- Department of Island and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yukiko Honda
- Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masayasu Kitamura
- Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshida
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimizu
- Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naomi Hayashida
- Division of Strategic Collaborative Research, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kawakami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noboru Takamura
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Sawase
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nagata
- Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ohnishi
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Aoyagi
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Saito
- Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Department of Island and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Szwajca M, Kazek G, Śmierciak N, Mizera J, Pomierny-Chamiolo L, Szwajca K, Biesaga B, Pilecki M. GDNF and miRNA-29a as biomarkers in the first episode of psychosis: uncovering associations with psychosocial factors. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1320650. [PMID: 38645418 PMCID: PMC11027163 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1320650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Schizophrenia involves complex interactions between biological and environmental factors, including childhood trauma, cognitive impairments, and premorbid adjustment. Predicting its severity and progression remains challenging. Biomarkers like glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and miRNA-29a may bridge biological and environmental aspects. The goal was to explore the connections between miRNAs and neural proteins and cognitive functioning, childhood trauma, and premorbid adjustment in the first episode of psychosis (FEP). Method This study included 19 FEP patients who underwent clinical evaluation with: the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). Multiplex assays for plasma proteins were conducted with Luminex xMAP technology. Additionally, miRNA levels were quantitatively determined through RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and RT-qPCR on a 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System. Results Among miRNAs, only miR-29a-3p exhibited a significant correlation with PAS-C scores (r = -0.513, p = 0.025) and cognitive improvement (r = -0.505, p = 0.033). Among the analyzed proteins, only GDNF showed correlations with MoCA scores at the baseline and after 3 months (r = 0.533, p = 0.0189 and r = 0.598, p = 0.007), cognitive improvement (r = 0.511, p = 0.025), and CTQ subtests. MIF concentrations correlated with the PAS-C subscale (r = -0.5670, p = 0.011). Conclusion GDNF and miR-29a-3p are promising as biomarkers for understanding and addressing cognitive deficits in psychosis. This study links miRNA and MIF to premorbid adjustment and reveals GDNF's unique role in connection with childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szwajca
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kazek
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Śmierciak
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Józef Mizera
- Department of Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Szwajca
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Biesaga
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Pilecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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7
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Colina AS, Shah V, Shah RK, Kozlik T, Dash RK, Terhune S, Zamora AE. Current advances in experimental and computational approaches to enhance CAR T cell manufacturing protocols and improve clinical efficacy. FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2024; 4:1310002. [PMID: 39086435 PMCID: PMC11285593 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2024.1310002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Since the FDA's approval of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in 2017, significant improvements have been made in the design of chimeric antigen receptor constructs and in the manufacturing of CAR T cell therapies resulting in increased in vivo CAR T cell persistence and improved clinical outcome in certain hematological malignancies. Despite the remarkable clinical response seen in some patients, challenges remain in achieving durable long-term tumor-free survival, reducing therapy associated malignancies and toxicities, and expanding on the types of cancers that can be treated with this therapeutic modality. Careful analysis of the biological factors demarcating efficacious from suboptimal CAR T cell responses will be of paramount importance to address these shortcomings. With the ever-expanding toolbox of experimental approaches, single-cell technologies, and computational resources, there is renowned interest in discovering new ways to streamline the development and validation of new CAR T cell products. Better and more accurate prognostic and predictive models can be developed to help guide and inform clinical decision making by incorporating these approaches into translational and clinical workflows. In this review, we provide a brief overview of recent advancements in CAR T cell manufacturing and describe the strategies used to selectively expand specific phenotypic subsets. Additionally, we review experimental approaches to assess CAR T cell functionality and summarize current in silico methods which have the potential to improve CAR T cell manufacturing and predict clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo S. Colina
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Viren Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ravi K. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Tanya Kozlik
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ranjan K. Dash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Scott Terhune
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Anthony E. Zamora
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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8
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Cockx M, Haerynck F, Hoste L, Schrijvers R, Van der Werff Ten Bosch J, Dillaerts D, Thomas D, Schaballie H, Bucciol G, Robberechts W, Patel D, Berbers G, Desombere I, Geukens N, Meyts I, Bossuyt X. Combined deficient response to polysaccharide-based and protein-based vaccines predicts a severe clinical phenotype. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:138-149. [PMID: 37731388 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antibody response on polysaccharide- and protein-based vaccines is useful to test B cell functionality. As only few studies have explored the value of studying immune response to both vaccines, we evaluated the clinical value of anti-polysaccharide and anti-protein Luminex-based multiplex assays in context of primary immunodeficiency (PID) diagnosis. METHODS A 10-plex Luminex-based assay detecting antibodies to ten pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnPS) serotypes [present in unconjugated Pneumovax, not in 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV)] and a 5-plex assay detecting antibodies to five protein antigens (present in DTap/Tdap) were clinically validated in healthy individuals (n=99) and in retrospective (n=399) and prospective (n=108) patient cohorts. Clinical features of individuals with impaired response to PnPS and/or proteins were compared to those with normal response. RESULTS Antigen-specific antibody thresholds were determined in healthy individuals. Individuals with impaired anti-PnPS responses and deficient immunoglobulin levels suffered more from autoimmune diseases and had lower B cell levels compared to individuals with impaired anti-PnPS response with normal immunoglobulin levels. Individuals with combined impaired response to PnPS and proteins showed more severe clinical manifestations compared to individuals with isolated impaired response to PnPS or proteins. Eight of the 11 individuals with severely impaired responses to both PnPS and proteins had common variable immunodeficiency. Evaluation of the anti-PnPS response to four serotypes not contained in 20-valent PCV was comparable to evaluation to ten serotypes not contained in 13-valent PCV. CONCLUSIONS Multiplexed assessment of anti-PnPS and anti-protein responses combined with immunoglobulin quantification provides useful clinical information to support PID diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Cockx
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filomeen Haerynck
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Primary Immunodeficiency, PID research lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Levi Hoste
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Primary Immunodeficiency, PID research lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Doreen Dillaerts
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Debby Thomas
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heidi Schaballie
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Primary Immunodeficiencies, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giorgia Bucciol
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Primary Immunodeficiencies, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wiert Robberechts
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dina Patel
- UK NEQAS Immunology, Immunochemistry & Allergy, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Guy Berbers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Desombere
- Department of Infectious Diseases in Humans, Laboratory Immune Response, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Geukens
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Primary Immunodeficiencies, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xavier Bossuyt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- PharmAbs, The KU Leuven Antibody Center, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Tiwari A, Mukherjee S. Role of Complement-dependent Cytotoxicity Crossmatch and HLA Typing in Solid Organ Transplant. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2024; 19:34-52. [PMID: 38155466 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871266738231218145616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid organ transplantation is a life-saving medical operation that has progressed greatly because of developments in diagnostic tools and histocompatibility tests. Crossmatching for complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing are two important methods for checking graft compatibility and reducing the risk of graft rejection. HLA typing and CDC crossmatching are critical in kidney, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, intestine, and multi-organ transplantation. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted on the internet, using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, to identify peer-reviewed publications about solid organ transplants, HLA typing, and CDC crossmatching. CONCLUSION Recent advances in HLA typing have allowed for high-resolution evaluation, epitope matching, and personalized therapy methods. Genomic profiling, next-generation sequencing, and artificial intelligence have improved HLA typing precision, resulting in better patient outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) driven virtual crossmatching and predictive algorithms have eliminated the requirement for physical crossmatching in the context of CDC crossmatching, boosting organ allocation and transplant efficiency. This review elaborates on the importance of HLA typing and CDC crossmatching in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Tiwari
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sayali Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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10
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Momoh EO, Ghag SK, White J, Mudeppa DG, Rathod PK. Multiplex Assays for Analysis of Antibody Responses to South Asian Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Malaria Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:1. [PMID: 38276660 PMCID: PMC10818873 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a major global health challenge, causing over 0.6 million yearly deaths. To understand naturally acquired immunity in adult human populations in malaria-prevalent regions, improved serological tools are needed, particularly where multiple malaria parasite species co-exist. Slide-based and bead-based multiplex approaches can help characterize antibodies in malaria patients from endemic regions, but these require pure, well-defined antigens. To efficiently bypass purification steps, codon-optimized malaria antigen genes with N-terminal FLAG-tag and C-terminal Ctag sequences were expressed in a wheat germ cell-free system and adsorbed on functionalized BioPlex beads. In a pilot study, 15 P. falciparum antigens, 8 P. vivax antigens, and a negative control (GFP) were adsorbed individually on functionalized bead types through their Ctag. To validate the multiplexing powers of this platform, 10 P. falciparum-infected patient sera from a US NIH MESA-ICEMR study site in Goa, India, were tested against all 23 parasite antigens. Serial dilution of patient sera revealed variations in potency and breadth of antibodies to various parasite antigens. Individual patients revealed informative variations in immunity to P. falciparum versus P. vivax. This multiplex approach to malaria serology captures varying immunity to different human malaria parasite species and different parasite antigens. This approach can be scaled to track the dynamics of antibody production during one or more human malaria infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Devaraja G. Mudeppa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (E.O.M.); (S.K.G.); (J.W.)
| | - Pradipsinh K. Rathod
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (E.O.M.); (S.K.G.); (J.W.)
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11
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Alpsoy L, Sedeky AS, Rehbein U, Thedieck K, Brandstetter T, Rühe J. Particle ID: A Multiplexed Hydrogel Bead Platform for Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55346-55357. [PMID: 37982803 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
We present a new platform based on hydrogel beads for multiplex analysis that can be fabricated, barcoded, and functionalized in a single step using a simple microfluidic assembly and a photo-cross-linking process. The beads are generated in a two-phase flow fluidic system and photo-cross-linking of the polymer in the aqueous phase by C,H insertion cross-linking (CHic). The size and shape of the hydrogel particles can be controlled over a wide range by fluidic parameters. During the fabrication of the beads, they are barcoded by using physical and optical barcoding strategies. Magnetic beads and fluorescent particles, which allow identification of the production batch number, are added simultaneously as desired, resulting in complex, multifunctional beads in a one-step reaction. As an example of biofunctionalization, Borrelia antigens were immobilized on the beads. Serum samples that originated from infected and non-infected patients could be clearly distinguished, and the sensitivity was as good as or even better than ELISA, the state of the art in clinical diagnostics. The ease of the one-step production process and the wide range of barcoding parameters offer strong advantages for multiplexed analytics in the life sciences and medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Alpsoy
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau 79110, Germany
- livMatS@FIT (Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Abanoub Selim Sedeky
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau 79110, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rehbein
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center of Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center of Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Brandstetter
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau 79110, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau 79110, Germany
- livMatS@FIT (Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
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12
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Dunbar SA. Multiplexed suspension array immunoassays for detection of antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1296665. [PMID: 38035336 PMCID: PMC10684963 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1296665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination and polyvalent vaccines not only provide protection against several different pathogens at the same time but can also increase vaccine protection against pathogens that have closely related pathogenic strains or serotypes. Multiplexed serological testing is a preferred method for determining the efficacy of combination and polyvalent vaccines, as it reduces the need for conducting multiple individual assays to confirm immune responses and cross-reactivity, uses less sample, and can be faster, more reliable, and more cost-effective. Bead-based suspension array technologies, such as the Luminex® xMAP® Technology, are often used for development of multiplexed serological assays for various vaccine trials and for routine testing in clinical laboratories to determine immune status of vaccinated individuals. This article reviews publications describing the development and implementation of bead-based multiplexed serological assays for detection of immune responses to polyvalent polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Many of these serological assays on the bead array platform have been further optimized and expanded over time and are still widely used today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry A. Dunbar
- Scientific Affairs, Luminex, A DiaSorin Company, Austin, TX, United States
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13
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Seeber F. Past and present seroprevalence and disease burden estimates of Toxoplasma gondii infections in Germany: An appreciation of the role of serodiagnostics. Int J Med Microbiol 2023; 313:151592. [PMID: 38056090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2023.151592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is one of the major foodborne parasitic diseases in Germany, with 49% of its population chronically infected with its causative agent, Toxoplasma gondii. Although the acute disease is usually benign in immunocompetent individuals, it is a threat for immunocompromised patients as well as for fetuses of seronegative mothers. As a result of infection, congenital and ocular toxoplasmosis can have serious lifelong consequences. Here I will highlight the epidemiologic situation, from its past in the two separate parts of Germany, to its unification 30 years ago and up to the present day. The main identified risk factor for infection in Germany is thought to be the consumption of undercooked or raw meat or sausages. However, the relative impact of this risky eating habit as well as that of other risk factors are changing and are discussed and compared to the situation in the Netherlands. Finally, the importance of robust and efficient high-throughput serological assays for obtaining reliable epidemiological data, on which public health decisions can be made, is highlighted. The potential of bead-based multiplex assays, which allow the incorporation of multiple antigens with different analytical properties and thus yield additional information, are described in this context. It illustrates the interdependence of new analytic assay developments and sound epidemiology, a foundation that decades-old data from Germany did not have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seeber
- FG 16 - Mycotic and parasitic agents and mycobacteria, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestrasse 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Rodriguez A, Alonso-Morales RA, Lassala A, Rangel P L, Ramírez-Andoney V, Gutierrez CG. Development and validation of a pentaplex assay for the identification of antibodies against common viral diseases in cattle. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:000511.v3. [PMID: 37970075 PMCID: PMC10634487 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000511.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal welfare and economic implications of infectious diseases in cattle demand an efficient surveillance as the foundation for control and eradication programmes. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), Parainfluenza virus type 3 (PI3V), Bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1), Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), and Enzootic bovine leukosis virus (EBLV) cause common and often underdiagnosed diseases in cattle that are endemic in most countries [1]. A hallmark of individual exposure to a viral pathogen is the presence of antibodies directed towards that virus. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a pentaplex assay to simultaneously detect and quantify antibodies against BRSV, PI3V, BoHV-1, BVDV and EBLV in serum, as an efficient tool to yield epidemiological data. Monoplex assays were initially developed using either complete BRSV or BoHV-1 viral lysates, or recombinant proteins for BVDV, EBLV or PI3V as capture antigens. In addition, 125 serum samples from unvaccinated cattle, which were classified as positive or negative for each of the viruses by commercial ELISA kits, were used for validation. Conditions established for the Luminex monoplex assays were adopted for the pentaplex assay. The accuracy, determined by the area under the ROC curve, was greater than 0.97, and assay diagnostic sensitivities and specificities were over 95 and 90%, respectively, for all antigens. Intra (r) and interassay (R) coefficients of variation were under 10 and 20 %, respectively. Selectivity towards target viruses was shown by binding inhibition assays where unbound viruses reduced fluorescence intensities. Diagnostic agreement for samples analysed simultaneously in the monoplex and multiplex assays was almost perfect. In conclusion, a highly sensitive pentaplex assay was validated for the simultaneous identification of antibodies directed against BVDV, BoHV-1, PI3V, BRSV and EBLV in serum. The developed pentaplex assay complies with performance characteristics established by international guidelines for diagnostic tests and may be used as a tool for the implementation of epidemiological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodriguez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. México, Mexico
| | - Rogelio A. Alonso-Morales
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. México, Mexico
| | - Arantzatzu Lassala
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. México, Mexico
| | - Lucia Rangel P
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. México, Mexico
| | - Vianey Ramírez-Andoney
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. México, Mexico
| | - Carlos G. Gutierrez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. México, Mexico
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15
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Moens C, Filée P, Boes A, Alie C, Dufrasne F, André E, Marché S, Fretin D. Identification of New Mycobacterium bovis antigens and development of a multiplexed serological bead-immunoassay for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in cattle. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292590. [PMID: 37812634 PMCID: PMC10561873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological assays for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis require the use of multiple Mycobacterium bovis specific antigens to ensure the detection of infected animals. In the present study, identification and selection process of antigens, based on data from published proteomic studies and involving the use of bioinformatics tools and an immuno-screening step, was firstly performed for identifying novel antigens that elicit an antibody response in M. bovis infection. Based on this approach, a panel of 10 M. bovis antigens [with known relevance (MPB70, MPB83, MPB70/83, and ESAT6/CFP10) and novel (Mb1961c, Mb1301c, Mb3871, Mb1403, Mb0592, and PE25/PPE41)] were constructed and thenused to develop a new multiplexed serological assay based on Luminex technology. The performance of the Luminex-bTB immunoassay was evaluated using sera from cattle with known tuberculosis status. Among the proteins whose ability to detect bovine tuberculosis was evaluated for the first time, PE25/PPE41 and Mb1403, but not Mb3871, showed good detection capacity. Following multiple antigen combination, the final Luminex-bTB immunoassay included seven antigens (MPB70, MPB83, MPB70/83, ESAT6/CFP10, PE25/PPE41, Mb1403, and Mb0592) and showed better global performance than the immunoassay using the four usual antigens (MPB70, MPB70/83, MPB83 and ESAT6/CFP10). The specificity and sensitivity values were, respectively, of 97.6% and 42.8% when the cut-off of two-positive antigens was used to classify samples as positive. With the use of the more-restrictive criterion of three-positive antigens, the specificity increased to 99.2% but the sensitivity decreased to 23.9%. The analysis of antigen profiles generated with the Luminex-bTB immunoassay showed that mainly serodominant proteins were recognized in samples from infected cattle. The detection of Mb1961c and Mb1301c appeared to be associated with presumed false-positive results. Moreover, sera from cattle originating from bTB-outbreaks but having inconclusive or negative skin test results were identified as positive by the Luminex-bTB immunoassay and showed an antigen pattern associated with M. bovis infection. The Luminex-bTB immunoassay including seven antigens may be useful as adjunct test for the detection of M. bovis-infected herds, and different cut-offs could be applied according to the bovine tuberculosis epidemiological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Moens
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, National Institute for Public Health (Sciensano), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics of Microorganisms, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Patrice Filée
- Laboratory of Immuno-Biology, CER Groupe, Aye, Belgium
| | - Adrien Boes
- Laboratory of Immuno-Biology, CER Groupe, Aye, Belgium
| | | | - François Dufrasne
- Department of Human Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute for Public Health (Sciensano), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel André
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Marché
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, National Institute for Public Health (Sciensano), Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Fretin
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, National Institute for Public Health (Sciensano), Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Bogdanov IV, Streltsova MA, Kovalenko EI, Sapozhnikov AM, Panteleev PV, Ovchinnikova TV. Epithelial-Immune Cell Crosstalk Determines the Activation of Immune Cells In Vitro by the Human Cathelicidin LL-37 at Low Physiological Concentrations. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1316. [PMID: 37759716 PMCID: PMC10526274 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The only human cathelicidin, LL-37, is a host defense antimicrobial peptide with antimicrobial activities against protozoans, fungi, Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria, and enveloped viruses. It has been shown in experiments in vitro that LL-37 is able to induce the production of various inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by different human cell types. However, it remains an open question whether such cytokine induction is physiologically relevant, as LL-37 exhibited its immunomodulatory properties at concentrations that are much higher (>20 μg/mL) than those observed in non-inflamed tissues (1-5 μg/mL). In the current study, we assessed the permeability of LL-37 across the Caco-2 polarized monolayer and showed that this peptide could pass through the Caco-2 monolayer with low efficiency, which predetermined its low absorption in the gut. We showed that LL-37 at low physiological concentrations (<5 μg/mL) was not able to directly activate monocytes. However, in the presence of polarized epithelial monolayers, LL-37 is able to activate monocytes through the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and induce the production of cytokines, as assessed by a multiplex assay at the protein level. We have demonstrated that LL-37 is able to fulfill its immunomodulatory action in vivo in non-inflamed tissues at low physiological concentrations. In the present work, we revealed a key role of epithelial-immune cell crosstalk in the implementation of immunomodulatory functions of the human cathelicidin LL-37, which might shed light on its physiological action in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Bogdanov
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.S.); (E.I.K.); (A.M.S.); (P.V.P.); (T.V.O.)
| | - Maria A. Streltsova
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.S.); (E.I.K.); (A.M.S.); (P.V.P.); (T.V.O.)
| | - Elena I. Kovalenko
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.S.); (E.I.K.); (A.M.S.); (P.V.P.); (T.V.O.)
| | - Alexander M. Sapozhnikov
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.S.); (E.I.K.); (A.M.S.); (P.V.P.); (T.V.O.)
| | - Pavel V. Panteleev
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.S.); (E.I.K.); (A.M.S.); (P.V.P.); (T.V.O.)
| | - Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.S.); (E.I.K.); (A.M.S.); (P.V.P.); (T.V.O.)
- Department of Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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17
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Tregub PP, Ibrahimli I, Averchuk AS, Salmina AB, Litvitskiy PF, Manasova ZS, Popova IA. The Role of microRNAs in Epigenetic Regulation of Signaling Pathways in Neurological Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12899. [PMID: 37629078 PMCID: PMC10454825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent times, there has been a significant increase in researchers' interest in the functions of microRNAs and the role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of many multifactorial diseases. This is related to the diagnostic and prognostic potential of microRNA expression levels as well as the prospects of using it in personalized targeted therapy. This review of the literature analyzes existing scientific data on the involvement of microRNAs in the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the development of pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury, and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel P. Tregub
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific and Educational Resource Center “Innovative Technologies of Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis”, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irada Ibrahimli
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alla B. Salmina
- Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Peter F. Litvitskiy
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zaripat Sh. Manasova
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Inga A. Popova
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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18
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Cody EM, Wenderfer SE, Sullivan KE, Kim AHJ, Figg W, Ghumman H, Qiu T, Huang B, Devarajan P, Brunner HI. Urine biomarker score captures response to induction therapy with lupus nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:2679-2688. [PMID: 36715772 PMCID: PMC10393841 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-05888-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Renal Activity Index for Lupus (RAIL) consists of urine protein assessment of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule-1, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, adiponectin, hemopexin, and ceruloplasmin, which non-invasively identifies lupus nephritis (LN). We aimed to delineate RAIL scores with inactive versus active LN and changes over time with response to LN induction therapy. METHODS There were 128 pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and age-matched healthy controls recruited in a prospective case control study, with kidney biopsy confirmation of LN. Laboratory and clinical information was recorded and urine collected at diagnosis and end of induction and during maintenance therapy. Response to therapy was assessed by repeat kidney biopsy or laboratory parameters. Urine was assayed for RAIL biomarkers and the RAIL score calculated. RESULTS Pediatric RAIL (pRAIL) scores from 128 children and young adults with SLE (with/without LN: 70/38) including 25 during LN induction therapy, differentiated clinically active LN from inactive LN or without LN, and controls (all p < 0.0017). pRAIL scores significantly decreased with complete LN remission by 1.07 ± 1.7 (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The RAIL biomarkers differentiate LN patients based on activity of kidney disease, with decreases of ≥ 1 in pRAIL scores indicating complete response to induction therapy. Significantly lower RAIL scores in healthy controls and in SLE patients without known LN raise the possibility of subclinical kidney disease. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Cody
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Pheresis, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus, Box 8116, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Scott E Wenderfer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Nephrology, B.C. Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alfred H J Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wesley Figg
- Medical School, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harneet Ghumman
- Department of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tingting Qiu
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bin Huang
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Prasad Devarajan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hermine I Brunner
- Department of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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19
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Laera D, HogenEsch H, O'Hagan DT. Aluminum Adjuvants-'Back to the Future'. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1884. [PMID: 37514070 PMCID: PMC10383759 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum-based adjuvants will continue to be a key component of currently approved and next generation vaccines, including important combination vaccines. The widespread use of aluminum adjuvants is due to their excellent safety profile, which has been established through the use of hundreds of millions of doses in humans over many years. In addition, they are inexpensive, readily available, and are well known and generally accepted by regulatory agencies. Moreover, they offer a very flexible platform, to which many vaccine components can be adsorbed, enabling the preparation of liquid formulations, which typically have a long shelf life under refrigerated conditions. Nevertheless, despite their extensive use, they are perceived as relatively 'weak' vaccine adjuvants. Hence, there have been many attempts to improve their performance, which typically involves co-delivery of immune potentiators, including Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. This approach has allowed for the development of improved aluminum adjuvants for inclusion in licensed vaccines against HPV, HBV, and COVID-19, with others likely to follow. This review summarizes the various aluminum salts that are used in vaccines and highlights how they are prepared. We focus on the analytical challenges that remain to allowing the creation of well-characterized formulations, particularly those involving multiple antigens. In addition, we highlight how aluminum is being used to create the next generation of improved adjuvants through the adsorption and delivery of various TLR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatello Laera
- Technical Research & Development, Drug Product, GSK, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Global Manufacturing Division, Corporate Industrial Analytics, Chiesi Pharmaceuticals, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Harm HogenEsch
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
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20
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Giagtzidis I, Karkos C, Kadoglou FNPE, Spathis A, Papazoglou K. Serum levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) in patients undergoing endovascular intervention for peripheral arterial disease. Ann Vasc Surg 2023:S0890-5096(23)00250-9. [PMID: 37169253 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a significant role in the development and progression of atherosclerotic vascular disease. The purpose of this study was to measure and document the profile of plasma circulating MMPs in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) undergoing endovascular revascularization. METHODS This was a single centre prospective observational study with 80 patients with PAD enrolled. They underwent percutaneous balloon angioplasty and/or angioplasty with stent. Exclusion criteria were acute limb ischemia, active inflammation, wet gangrene, liver disease, end stage renal failure and cancer. Patients that underwent open or hybrid (open and endovascular) approach, were also excluded from the study. Venous blood samples were taken preoperatively, 24 hours and 6 months postoperatively. The values of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9 and their inhibitors (Tissue Inhibitor of metalloproteinases, TIMP), TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were measured. RESULTS The mean age was 67.1 years and 66 of them (82.5%) were male. During the clinical follow up (mean 35.8% months), 12 patients died (16.4%), 15 (20.5%) of them had a major adverse limb event (MALE) and 14 (19.2%) of them had a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE). There was a statistically significant raise in the values of MMP-2. MMP-3 and MMP-7 at 6 months postoperatively, when compared to the preoperative and 24 hours postoperative values. There was no correlation of MMP and TIMP values with mortality, MALE and MACE events. CONCLUSIONS The present single-centre prospective study documented increased circulating levels of MMPs post-operatively in PAD patients undergoing endovascular treatment. Vascular trauma caused by angioplasty, could trigger expression of MMPs and TIMPs, but the absence of any association with clinical complications requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioakeim Giagtzidis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokratio General Hospital, 5(th) Surgical Department, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Christos Karkos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokratio General Hospital, 5(th) Surgical Department, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Aris Spathis
- Department of Cytopathology, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Papazoglou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokratio General Hospital, 5(th) Surgical Department, Thessaloniki, Greece
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21
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Shami-Shah A, Norman M, Walt DR. Ultrasensitive protein detection technologies for extracellular vesicle measurements. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100557. [PMID: 37088150 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are nanoscopic, heterogenous, lipid-rich particles that carry a multitude of cargo biomolecules including proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites. Although historically, EVs were regarded as cellular debris with no intrinsic value, growing understanding of EV biogenesis has led to the realization that EVs facilitate intercellular communication and are sources of liquid biomarkers. EVs can be isolated and analyzed from a wide variety of accessible biofluids for biomarker discovery and diagnostic applications. There is a diversity of EVs from different biological compartments (e.g., cells, tissues) and some of these EVs are present at extremely low concentrations. Consequently, a challenge in the field is to find appropriate markers that enable selective isolation of these rare EVs. Many conventional protein detection technologies have limited sensitivity to detect low abundance biomarkers in EVs, limiting their use in EV research. Advances in ultrasensitive detection technologies are needed to harness the potential of EVs for clinical application. This Perspective highlights current EV research focusing on ultrasensitive detection technologies, their limitations, and areas of potential growth in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Shami-Shah
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Maia Norman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - David R Walt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA.
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22
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Huber J, Schönthaler S, Hofner M, Gillitschka Y, Soldo R, Milchram L, Vierlinger K, Nöhammer C, Weinhäusel A. Accessing Antibody Reactivities in Serum or Plasma to (Auto-)antigens Using Multiplexed Bead-Based Protein Immunoassays. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2628:413-438. [PMID: 36781800 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2978-9_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibody (AB) testing or serotesting for reactive ABs against antigenic proteins is broadly used. Parallel examination of many antigens is of high interest to identify autoantibodies (AAB) or differential antigenic reactivities in many biological settings like allergy and infectious autoimmune, cancerous, or systemic disease. The resulting AAB profiles can be used for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of such conditions. Protein microarrays have been used for AB profiling over the past decade but show some significant limitations which make them unsuitable for clinical applications. Alternative multiplexing platforms such as bead arrays were shown to provide a versatile tool for the confirmation and efficient analysis of high numbers of biological samples. Luminex' bead-based xMAP technology combines advantages such as multiplexing and lower demand for sample volume and at the same time overcomes the challenges of microarrays. It works faster, shows better antigen stability, is more reproducible, and allows the analysis of up to 500 analytes in one sample well. In this chapter we introduce our established workflow for the use of the xMAP technology for AB profiling including an overview of the method principle and protocols for the covalent immobilization of proteins to the MagPlex beads, confirmation of protein coupling, the execution of a multiplexed bead-based protein immunoassay, and subsequent data handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Huber
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Silvia Schönthaler
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Hofner
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yasmin Gillitschka
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Soldo
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Milchram
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klemens Vierlinger
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christa Nöhammer
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Weinhäusel
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Krainer G, Saar KL, Arter WE, Welsh TJ, Czekalska MA, Jacquat RPB, Peter Q, Traberg WC, Pujari A, Jayaram AK, Challa P, Taylor CG, van der Linden LM, Franzmann T, Owens RM, Alberti S, Klenerman D, Knowles TPJ. Direct digital sensing of protein biomarkers in solution. Nat Commun 2023; 14:653. [PMID: 36746944 PMCID: PMC9902533 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of proteins is of central importance to biomolecular analysis and diagnostics. Typical immunosensing assays rely on surface-capture of target molecules, but this constraint can limit specificity, sensitivity, and the ability to obtain information beyond simple concentration measurements. Here we present a surface-free, single-molecule microfluidic sensing platform for direct digital protein biomarker detection in solution, termed digital immunosensor assay (DigitISA). DigitISA is based on microchip electrophoretic separation combined with single-molecule detection and enables absolute number/concentration quantification of proteins in a single, solution-phase step. Applying DigitISA to a range of targets including amyloid aggregates, exosomes, and biomolecular condensates, we demonstrate that the assay provides information beyond stoichiometric interactions, and enables characterization of immunochemistry, binding affinity, and protein biomarker abundance. Taken together, our results suggest a experimental paradigm for the sensing of protein biomarkers, which enables analyses of targets that are challenging to address using conventional immunosensing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Krainer
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Kadi L Saar
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - William E Arter
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Timothy J Welsh
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Magdalena A Czekalska
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,Fluidic Analytics Limited, Unit A The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Road, Cambridge, CB1 8DH, UK
| | - Raphaël P B Jacquat
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Quentin Peter
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Walther C Traberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Arvind Pujari
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Akhila K Jayaram
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Pavankumar Challa
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Christopher G Taylor
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Lize-Mari van der Linden
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, Dresden, Germany
| | - Titus Franzmann
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roisin M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Simon Alberti
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Klenerman
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK. .,Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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24
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Henson SN, Elko EA, Swiderski PM, Liang Y, Engelbrektson AL, Piña A, Boyle AS, Fink Z, Facista SJ, Martinez V, Rahee F, Brown A, Kelley EJ, Nelson GA, Raspet I, Mead HL, Altin JA, Ladner JT. PepSeq: a fully in vitro platform for highly multiplexed serology using customizable DNA-barcoded peptide libraries. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:396-423. [PMID: 36385198 PMCID: PMC10339795 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PepSeq is an in vitro platform for building and conducting highly multiplexed proteomic assays against customizable targets by using DNA-barcoded peptides. Starting with a pool of DNA oligonucleotides encoding peptides of interest, this protocol outlines a fully in vitro and massively parallel procedure for synthesizing the encoded peptides and covalently linking each to a corresponding cDNA tag. The resulting libraries of peptide/DNA conjugates can be used for highly multiplexed assays that leverage high-throughput sequencing to profile the binding or enzymatic specificities of proteins of interest. Here, we describe the implementation of PepSeq for fast and cost-effective epitope-level analysis of antibody reactivity across hundreds of thousands of peptides from <1 µl of serum or plasma input. This protocol includes the design of the DNA oligonucleotide library, synthesis of DNA-barcoded peptide constructs, binding of constructs to sample, preparation for sequencing and data analysis. Implemented in this way, PepSeq can be used for a number of applications, including fine-scale mapping of antibody epitopes and determining a subject's pathogen exposure history. The protocol is divided into two main sections: (i) design and synthesis of DNA-barcoded peptide libraries and (ii) use of libraries for highly multiplexed serology. Once oligonucleotide templates are in hand, library synthesis takes 1-2 weeks and can provide enough material for hundreds to thousands of assays. Serological assays can be conducted in 96-well plates and generate sequencing data within a further ~4 d. A suite of software tools, including the PepSIRF package, are made available to facilitate the design of PepSeq libraries and analysis of assay data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra N Henson
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Evan A Elko
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Piotr M Swiderski
- DNA/RNA Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yong Liang
- DNA/RNA Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Alejandra Piña
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Annalee S Boyle
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Zane Fink
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | | | - Vidal Martinez
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Fatima Rahee
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Annabelle Brown
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Erin J Kelley
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Georgia A Nelson
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Isaiah Raspet
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Heather L Mead
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - John A Altin
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
| | - Jason T Ladner
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
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25
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Llinàs-Mallol L, Raïch-Regué D, Pascual J, Crespo M. Alloimmune risk assessment for antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplantation: A practical proposal. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2023; 37:100745. [PMID: 36572001 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2022.100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease. Although an improvement in graft survival has been observed in the last decades with the use of different immunosuppressive drugs, this is still limited in time with antibody-mediated rejection being a main cause of graft-loss. Immune monitoring and risk assessment of antibody-mediated rejection before and after kidney transplantation with useful biomarkers is key to tailoring treatments to achieve the best outcomes. Here, we provide a review of the rationale and several accessible tools for immune monitoring, from the most classic to the modern ones. Finally, we end up discussing a practical proposal for alloimmune risk assessment in kidney transplantation, including histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA antibodies, HLA molecular mismatch analysis and characterization of peripheral blood immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Llinàs-Mallol
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dàlia Raïch-Regué
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Pascual
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Crespo
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
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26
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Saboyá-Díaz MI, Castellanos LG, Morice A, Ade MP, Rey-Benito G, Cooley GM, Scobie HM, Wiegand RE, Coughlin MM, Martin DL. Lessons learned from the implementation of integrated serosurveillance of communicable diseases in the Americas. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2023; 47:e53. [PMID: 36895677 PMCID: PMC9989549 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2023.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Systematize the experience and identify challenges and lessons learned in the implementation of an initiative for integrated serosurveillance of communicable diseases using a multiplex bead assay in countries of the Americas. Methods Documents produced in the initiative were compiled and reviewed. These included concept notes, internal working papers, regional meetings reports, and survey protocols from the three participating countries (Mexico, Paraguay, and Brazil) and two additional countries (Guyana and Guatemala) where serology for several communicable diseases was included in neglected tropical diseases surveys. Information was extracted and summarized to describe the experience and the most relevant challenges and lessons learned. Results Implementing integrated serosurveys requires interprogrammatic and interdisciplinary work teams for the design of survey protocols to respond to key programmatic questions aligned to the needs of the countries. Valid laboratory results are critical and rely on the standardized installment and roll-out of laboratory techniques. Field teams require adequate training and supervision to properly implement survey procedures. The analysis and interpretation of serosurveys results should be antigen-specific, contextualizing the responses for each disease, and triangulated with programmatic and epidemiological data for making decisions tailored to specific population socioeconomic and ecologic contexts. Conclusions Integrated serosurveillance as a complementary tool for functional epidemiological surveillance systems is feasible to use and key components should be considered: political engagement, technical engagement, and integrated planning. Aspects such as designing the protocol, selecting target populations and diseases, laboratory capacities, anticipating the capacities to analyze and interpret complex data, and how to use it are key.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha-Idalí Saboyá-Díaz
- Pan American Health Organization Washington, D.C. United States of America Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Luis Gerardo Castellanos
- Pan American Health Organization Washington, D.C. United States of America Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Ana Morice
- Pan American Health Organization Washington, D.C. United States of America Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Maria Paz Ade
- Pan American Health Organization Washington, D.C. United States of America Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Gloria Rey-Benito
- Pan American Health Organization Washington, D.C. United States of America Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Gretchen M Cooley
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta United States of America Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Heather M Scobie
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta United States of America Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Ryan E Wiegand
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta United States of America Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Melissa M Coughlin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta United States of America Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Diana L Martin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta United States of America Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
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27
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Chen SL, Xiao H, Li GJ, Shen YJ. Expression Pattern of Cytokines in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Receiving PEGinterferon Therapy. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:1771-1782. [PMID: 37193251 PMCID: PMC10183186 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s402524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection is a worldwide health problem. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated interferon (PEG-IFN) is an available therapy for CHB that has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. However, PEG-IFN therapy is limited by the fact that only a subset of patients show a sustained response, its severe side effects, and high cost. The aim of this study was to explore novel biomarkers for the early prediction of PEG-IFN treatment response and to uncover its underlying mechanism. Patients and Methods We enrolled 10 paired patients with Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive CHB who received PEG-IFN-α2a monotherapy. Patient serum samples were collected at 0, 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks and serum samples were collected from eight healthy people as healthy controls. For confirmation, we enrolled 27 patients with HBeAg-positive CHB receiving PEG-IFN therapy and serum samples at 0 and 12 weeks were obtained. Serum samples were analyzed using Luminex technology. Results Among 27 assessed cytokines, 10 cytokines were identified to have high expression levels. Among them, six cytokines had significant differences in their levels between the patients with HBeAg-positive CHB and the healthy controls (P < 0.05). Potentially, treatment response could be predicted using the early time points of 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Moreover, after 12 weeks of PEG-IFN treatment, increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines were observed. The fold change of IP-10 between 12 weeks and 0 weeks correlated with the decrease in ALT levels from 0 to 12 weeks (r = 0.2675, P = 0.0024). Conclusion In patients with CHB, we observed a certain pattern in the levels of cytokines during treatment with PEG-IFN, and the cytokine IP-10 might be a potential biomarker for treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Long Chen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shao-Long Chen, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Jun Li
- Department of Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Yinzhou of Ningbo, Ningbo, 315100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao-Jie Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Serum protein profiling of lung, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers reveals alcohol consumption-mediated disruptions in early-stage cancer detection. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12359. [PMID: 36590537 PMCID: PMC9794896 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While the link between serum proteins and cancer has been studied in an effort to enable early-stage cancer detection, factors that might perturb this link has been poorly understood. To ask this question, we performed serum protein profiling on a prospective cohort of 601 individuals with or without lung, pancreatic, or colorectal cancers and identified ten distinct serum protein signatures with distinct link to the patient metadata. Importantly, we discovered that a positive history of alcohol consumption is a major factor that diminishes the sensitivity of serum protein-mediated liquid biopsy in early-stage malignancies, resulting in a 44% decline in the sensitivity of detecting American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage I malignancies. Our data provide evidence that patient lifestyle can affect the sensitivity of liquid biopsy and suggest the potential need for abstinence from alcohol before measurement during serum protein-based cancer screening.
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29
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de Figueiredo AM, Glória JC, Chaves YO, Neves WLL, Mariúba LAM. Diagnostic applications of microsphere-based flow cytometry: A review. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1852-1861. [PMID: 35974694 PMCID: PMC9679357 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221113856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsphere-based flow cytometry is a highly sensitive emerging technology for specific detection and clinical analysis of antigens, antibodies, and nucleic acids of interest. In this review, studies that focused on the application of flow cytometry as a viable alternative for the investigation of infectious diseases were analyzed. Many of the studies involve research aimed at epidemiological surveillance, vaccine candidates and early diagnosis, non-infectious diseases, specifically cancer, and emphasize the simultaneous detection of biomarkers for early diagnosis, with accurate results in a non-invasive approach. The possibility of carrying out multiplexed assays affords this technique high versatility and performance, which is evidenced in a series of clinical studies that have verified the ability to detect several molecules in low concentrations and with minimal sample volume. As such, we demonstrate that microsphere-based flow cytometry presents itself as a promising technique that can be adopted as a fundamental element in the development of new diagnostic methods for a number of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliane Corrêa Glória
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Yury Oliveira Chaves
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Manaus 69057-070, Brazil,Programa de Pós-graduação em biologia parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ, Manaus 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Walter Luiz Lima Neves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69067-00, Brazil
| | - Luis André Morais Mariúba
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69067-005, Brazil,Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Manaus 69057-070, Brazil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus 69067-00, Brazil,Luis André Morais Mariúba.
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Sena-Torralba A, Álvarez-Diduk R, Parolo C, Piper A, Merkoçi A. Toward Next Generation Lateral Flow Assays: Integration of Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14881-14910. [PMID: 36067039 PMCID: PMC9523712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are currently the most used
point-of-care
sensors for both diagnostic (e.g., pregnancy test, COVID-19 monitoring)
and environmental (e.g., pesticides and bacterial monitoring) applications.
Although the core of LFA technology was developed several decades
ago, in recent years the integration of novel nanomaterials as signal
transducers or receptor immobilization platforms has brought improved
analytical capabilities. In this Review, we present how nanomaterial-based
LFAs can address the inherent challenges of point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics
such as sensitivity enhancement, lowering of detection limits, multiplexing,
and quantification of analytes in complex samples. Specifically, we
highlight the strategies that can synergistically solve the limitations
of current LFAs and that have proven commercial feasibility. Finally,
we discuss the barriers toward commercialization and the next generation
of LFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeo Sena-Torralba
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència I Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ruslan Álvarez-Diduk
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència I Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Parolo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer del Rosselló 132, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew Piper
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència I Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència I Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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31
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O’Neal AJ, Glass KA, Emig CJ, Vitug AA, Henry SJ, Shungu DC, Mao X, Levine SM, Hanson MR. Survey of Anti-Pathogen Antibody Levels in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10020021. [PMID: 35736801 PMCID: PMC9228258 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious pathogens are implicated in the etiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) because of the occurrence of outbreaks of the disease. While a number of different infectious agents have been associated with the onset of ME/CFS, the identity of a specific organism has been difficult to determine in individual cases. The aim of our study is to survey ME/CFS subjects for evidence of an infectious trigger and/or evidence of immune dysregulation via serological testing of plasma samples for antibodies to 122 different pathogen antigens. Immune profiles were compared to age-, sex-, and BMI-matched controls to provide a basis for comparison. Antibody levels to individual antigens surveyed in this study do not implicate any one of the pathogens in ME/CFS, nor do they rule out common pathogens that frequently infect the US population. However, our results revealed sex-based differences in steady-state humoral immunity, both within the ME/CFS cohort and when compared to trends seen in the healthy control cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. O’Neal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (A.J.O.); (K.A.G.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Katherine A. Glass
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (A.J.O.); (K.A.G.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Christopher J. Emig
- Augmenta Bioworks, Inc., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.J.E.); (A.A.V.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Adela A. Vitug
- Augmenta Bioworks, Inc., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.J.E.); (A.A.V.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Steven J. Henry
- Augmenta Bioworks, Inc., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; (C.J.E.); (A.A.V.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Dikoma C. Shungu
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; (D.C.S.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiangling Mao
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; (D.C.S.); (X.M.)
| | - Susan M. Levine
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (A.J.O.); (K.A.G.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Maureen R. Hanson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (A.J.O.); (K.A.G.); (S.M.L.)
- Correspondence:
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32
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Li JY, Cui LY, Sun XH, Shen DC, Yang XZ, Liu Q, Liu MS. Alterations in metabolic biomarkers and their potential role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1027-1038. [PMID: 35584112 PMCID: PMC9268864 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic dysfunction has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study aimed to investigate the potential role of metabolic biomarkers in the progression of ALS and understand the possible metabolic mechanisms. Methods Fifty‐two patients with ALS and 24 normal controls were included, and blood samples were collected for analysis of metabolic biomarkers. Basal anthropometric measures, including body composition and clinical features, were measured in ALS patients. The disease progression rate was calculated using the revised ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS‐R) during the 6‐month follow‐up. Results ALS patients had higher levels of adipokines (adiponectin, adipsin, resistin, and visfatin) and other metabolic biomarkers [C‐peptide, glucagon, glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1), gastric inhibitory peptide, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1] than controls. Leptin levels in serum were positively correlated with body mass index, body fat, and visceral fat index (VFI). Adiponectin was positively correlated with the VFI and showed a positive correlation with the ALSFRS‐R and a negative correlation with baseline disease progression. Patients with lower body fat, VFI, and fat in limbs showed faster disease progression during follow‐ups. Lower leptin and adiponectin levels were correlated with faster disease progression. After adjusting for confounders, lower adiponectin levels and higher visfatin levels were independently correlated with faster disease progression. Interpretation The current study found altered levels of metabolic biomarkers in ALS patients, which may play a role in ALS pathogenesis. Adiponectin and visfatin represent potential biomarkers for prediction of disease progression in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yue Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ying Cui
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiao-Han Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Chao Shen
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xun-Zhe Yang
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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33
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A panoptic review of techniques for finfish disease diagnosis: The status quo and future perspectives. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 196:106477. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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34
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Thomas D, Dillaerts D, Cockx M, Ampofo L, She J, Desombere I, Geukens N, Bossuyt X. Development and validation of a microfluidic multiplex immunoassay for the determination of levels and avidity of serum antibodies to tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis antigens. J Immunol Methods 2022; 503:113245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Yang SM, Lv S, Zhang W, Cui Y. Microfluidic Point-of-Care (POC) Devices in Early Diagnosis: A Review of Opportunities and Challenges. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041620. [PMID: 35214519 PMCID: PMC8875995 DOI: 10.3390/s22041620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The early diagnosis of infectious diseases is critical because it can greatly increase recovery rates and prevent the spread of diseases such as COVID-19; however, in many areas with insufficient medical facilities, the timely detection of diseases is challenging. Conventional medical testing methods require specialized laboratory equipment and well-trained operators, limiting the applicability of these tests. Microfluidic point-of-care (POC) equipment can rapidly detect diseases at low cost. This technology could be used to detect diseases in underdeveloped areas to reduce the effects of disease and improve quality of life in these areas. This review details microfluidic POC equipment and its applications. First, the concept of microfluidic POC devices is discussed. We then describe applications of microfluidic POC devices for infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, tumors (cancer), and chronic diseases, and discuss the future incorporation of microfluidic POC devices into applications such as wearable devices and telemedicine. Finally, the review concludes by analyzing the present state of the microfluidic field, and suggestions are made. This review is intended to call attention to the status of disease treatment in underdeveloped areas and to encourage the researchers of microfluidics to develop standards for these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Mo Yang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (S.-M.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuangsong Lv
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (S.-M.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada;
| | - Yubao Cui
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi 214023, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-510-853-50368
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36
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Geballa-Koukoula A, Gerssen A, Blokland MH, Elliott CT, Pawliszyn J, Nielen MWF. Immuno-Enriched Microspheres - Magnetic Blade Spray-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Domoic Acid in Mussels. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15736-15743. [PMID: 34726384 PMCID: PMC8637537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic microspheres can be used in planar array fluorescence immunoassays for single or multiplex screening of food contaminants. However, no confirmation of the molecular identity is obtained. Coated blade spray (CBS) is a direct ionization mass spectrometry (MS) technique, and when combined with triple quadrupole MS/MS, it allows for rapid confirmation of food contaminants. The lack of chromatography in CBS, though, compromises the specificity of the measurement for unequivocal identification of contaminants, based on the European Union (EU) regulation. Therefore, a rapid and easy-to-use immuno-magnetic blade spray (iMBS) method was developed in which immuno-enriched paramagnetic microspheres replace the coating of CBS. The iMBS-MS/MS method was fully optimized, validated in-house following the EU 2021/808 regulation, and benchmarked against a commercial lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for on-site screening of DA. The applicability of iMBS-MS/MS was further demonstrated by analyzing incurred mussel samples. The combination of immunorecognition and MS/MS detection in iMBS-MS/MS enhances the measurement's selectivity, which is demonstrated by the rapid differentiation between the marine toxin domoic acid (DA) and its structural analog kainic acid (KA), which cannot be achieved with the LFIA alone. Interestingly, this first-ever reported iMBS-MS/MS method is generic and can be adapted to include any other immuno-captured food contaminant, provided that monoclonal antibodies are available, thus offering a complementary confirmatory analysis approach to multiplex immunoassay screening methods. Moreover, thanks to its speed of analysis, iMBS-MS/MS can bridge the logistics gap between future large-scale on-site testings using LFIAs and classical time-consuming confirmatory MS analysis performed in official control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadni Geballa-Koukoula
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Gerssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco H Blokland
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- ASSET Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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López-Cortés R, Vázquez-Estévez S, Fernández JÁ, Núñez C. Proteomics as a Complementary Technique to Characterize Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215537. [PMID: 34771699 PMCID: PMC8582709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although immunohistochemistry is a routine technique in clinics, and genomics has been rapidly incorporated, proteomics is a step behind. This general situation is also the norm in bladder cancer research. This review shows the contributions of proteomics to the molecular classification of bladder cancer, and to the study of histopathology due to tissue insults caused by tumors. Furthermore, the importance of proteomics for understanding the cellular and molecular changes as a consequence of the therapy of bladder cancer cannot be neglected. Abstract Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common tumor of the urinary tract and is conventionally classified as either non-muscle invasive or muscle invasive. In addition, histological variants exist, as organized by the WHO-2016 classification. However, innovations in next-generation sequencing have led to molecular classifications of BC. These innovations have also allowed for the tracing of major tumorigenic pathways and, therefore, are positioned as strong supporters of precision medicine. In parallel, immunohistochemistry is still the clinical reference to discriminate histological layers and to stage BC. Key contributions have been made to enlarge the panel of protein immunomarkers. Moreover, the analysis of proteins in liquid biopsy has also provided potential markers. Notwithstanding, their clinical adoption is still low, with very few approved tests. In this context, mass spectrometry-based proteomics has remained a step behind; hence, we aimed to develop them in the community. Herein, the authors introduce the epidemiology and the conventional classifications to review the molecular classification of BC, highlighting the contributions of proteomics. Then, the advances in mass spectrometry techniques focusing on maintaining the integrity of the biological structures are presented, a milestone for the emergence of histoproteomics. Within this field, the review then discusses selected proteins for the comprehension of the pathophysiological mechanisms of BC. Finally, because there is still insufficient knowledge, this review considers proteomics as an important source for the development of BC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Cortés
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Sergio Vázquez-Estévez
- Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain; (S.V.-E.); (J.Á.F.)
| | - Javier Álvarez Fernández
- Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain; (S.V.-E.); (J.Á.F.)
| | - Cristina Núñez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Ren AH, Diamandis EP, Kulasingam V. Uncovering the Depths of the Human Proteome: Antibody-based Technologies for Ultrasensitive Multiplexed Protein Detection and Quantification. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100155. [PMID: 34597790 PMCID: PMC9357438 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Probing the human proteome in tissues and biofluids such as plasma is attractive for biomarker and drug target discovery. Recent breakthroughs in multiplex, antibody-based, proteomics technologies now enable the simultaneous quantification of thousands of proteins at as low as sub fg/ml concentrations with remarkable dynamic ranges of up to 10-log. We herein provide a comprehensive guide to the methodologies, performance, technical comparisons, advantages, and disadvantages of established and emerging technologies for the multiplexed ultrasensitive measurement of proteins. Gaining holistic knowledge on these innovations is crucial for choosing the right multiplexed proteomics tool for applications at hand to critically complement traditional proteomics methods. This can bring researchers closer than ever before to elucidating the intricate inner workings and cross talk that spans multitude of proteins in disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie H Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vathany Kulasingam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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Jia XX, Yao ZY, Liu S, Gao ZX. Suspension array for multiplex immunoassay of five common endocrine disrupter chemicals. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:290. [PMID: 34355262 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04905-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A low cost and effective indirect competitive method is reported to detect five EDCs, 17-beta-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), bisphenol A (BPA), diethylstilbestrol (DES), and nonylphenol (NP) simultaneously, based on suspension array technology (SAT). Five kinds of complete antigens (E2-BSA, E3-BSA, BPA-BSA, DES-BPA, NP-BSA) were coupled to different encoding microspheres using purpose-made solutions in our laboratory instead of commercially available amino coupling kits; the method was further optimized for determination and reducing the cost. Encoding and signaling fluorescence of the particles are determined at 635/532 nm emission wavelengths. High-throughput curves of five EDCs were draw and the limit of detection (LOD) were between 0.0010 ng mL-1 ~ 0.0070 ng mL-1. Compared with traditional ELISA methods, the SAT exhibited better specificity and sensitivity. Experiments using spiked milk and tap water samples were also carried out, and the recovery was between 85 and 110%; the results also confirmed good repeatability and reproducibility. It illustrated great potential of the present strategy in the detection of EDCs in actual samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Xia Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, 1 Da Li Road, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Yi Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, 1 Da Li Road, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, 1 Da Li Road, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, 1 Da Li Road, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China.
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Szabó G, Antal-Szalmás P, Kerényi A, Pénzes K, Bécsi B, Kappelmayer J. Laboratory Approaches to Test the Function of Antiphospholipid Antibodies. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 48:132-144. [PMID: 34261151 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder caused by the presence of aPLs (antiphospholipid antibodies, i.e., anti-β2-glycoprotein I and anti-cardiolipin). Everyday practice in terms of laboratory diagnostics of APS includes determination of aPLs and well-known functional assays assessing for lupus anticoagulant (LA), in turn using various tests. According to recent guidelines, the recommended method for LA identification or exclusion is based on the Russell Viper Venom test and a sensitive activated partial thromboplastin time assay. Despite the fact that LA can be quantified in laboratory practice in this way, LA is still used as a binary parameter that is just one of the risk factors of thrombosis in APS. As of today, there are no other functional assays to routinely assess the risk of thrombosis in APS. It is well-known that APS patients display a wide range of clinical outcomes although they may express very similar laboratory findings. One way to solve this dilemma, could be if antibodies could be further delineated using more advanced functional tests. Therefore, we review the diagnostic approaches to test the function of aPLs. We further discuss how thrombin generation assays, and rotational thromboelastometry tests can be influenced by LA, and how experimental methods, such as flow cytometric platelet activation, surface plasmon resonance, or nano differential scanning fluorimetry can bring us closer to the puzzling interaction of aPLs with platelets as well as with their soluble protein ligand. These novel approaches may eventually enable better characterization of aPL, and also provide a better linkage to APS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Szabó
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Thrombosis, Haemostasis and Vascular Biology Programme, Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Antal-Szalmás
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienne Kerényi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pénzes
- Division of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bálint Bécsi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Kappelmayer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Aira C, Penning M, Eiden M, Balkema-Buschmann A, Blome S, Strutzberg-Minder K, López L, Rueda P, Sastre P. A multiplex assay for the detection of antibodies to relevant swine pathogens in serum. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:2173-2181. [PMID: 34212525 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Livestock industry supports the livelihood of around 1.3 billion people in the world, with swine industry contributing with 30% of total livestock production worldwide. To maintain and guarantee this production, a pivotal point according to the OIE is addressing potential biohazards. To control them, permanent sero-surveillance is crucial to achieve more focused veterinary public health intervention and prevention strategies, to break the chains of transmission, and to enable fast responses against outbreaks. Within this context, multiplex assays are powerful tools with the potential to simplify surveillance programs, since they reduce time, labour, and variability within analysis. In the present work, we developed a multiplex bead-based assay for the detection of specific antibodies to six relevant pathogens affecting swine: ASFV, CSFV, PRRSV, SIV, TB and HEV. The most immunogenic target antigen of each pathogen was selected as the target protein to coat different microsphere regions in order to develop this multiplex assay. A total of 1544 serum samples from experimental infections as well as field samples were included in the analysis. The 6-plex assay exhibited credible diagnostic parameters with sensitivities ranging from 87.0% to 97.5% and specificities ranging from 87.9% to 100.0%, demonstrating it to be a potential high throughput tool for surveillance of infectious diseases in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Aira
- Research Department, Eurofins-Ingenasa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maren Penning
- Friedrich-Loeffler Institute (FLI), Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases (INNT), Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Eiden
- Friedrich-Loeffler Institute (FLI), Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases (INNT), Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler Institute (FLI), Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases (INNT), Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sandra Blome
- Friedrich-Loeffler Institute (FLI), Institute Diagnostic Virology (IVD), Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | | | - Paloma Rueda
- Research Department, Eurofins-Ingenasa, Madrid, Spain
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da Cunha AD, Silveira MN, Takahashi MES, de Souza EM, Mosci C, Ramos CD, Brambilla SR, Pericole FV, Prado CM, Mendes MCS, Carvalheira JBC. Adipose tissue radiodensity: A new prognostic biomarker in people with multiple myeloma. Nutrition 2021; 86:111141. [PMID: 33596528 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Standard prognostic markers based on individual characteristics of individuals with multiple myeloma (MM) remain scarce. Body-composition features have often been associated with survival outcomes in different cancers. However, the association of adipose tissue radiodensity with MM prognosis has not yet, to our knowledge, been explored. METHODS Computed tomography at the third lumbar vertebra was used for body-composition analysis, including adipose tissue radiodensity, in 91 people with MM. Additionally, fludeoxyglucose F 18 (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography was used to assess adipose tissue 18F-FDG uptake. Proinflammatory cytokine and adipokine levels were measured. RESULTS Event-free survival and overall survival were both shorter in participants with high subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) radiodensity. Those in the highest SAT radiodensity tertile had an independently higher risk for both overall survival (hazard ratio, 4.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-16.44; Ptrend = 0.036) and event-free survival (hazard ratio, 3.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-9.27; Ptrend = 0.035). Importantly, higher SAT radiodensity was significantly correlated with increased 18F-FDG adipose tissue uptake and proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6) levels, and with decreased leptin levels. CONCLUSIONS SAT radiodensity may serve as a biomarker to predict host-related metabolic and proinflammatory milieu, which ultimately correlates with MM prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademar Dantas da Cunha
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; Hematology and Oncology Clinics, Cancer Hospital of Cascavel, União Oeste de Estudos e Combate ao Câncer (UOPECCAN), Cascavel, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Marina Nogueira Silveira
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Edna Marina de Souza
- Center of Biomedical Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Camila Mosci
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Celso Dario Ramos
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sandra Regina Brambilla
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernando Vieira Pericole
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carla M Prado
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria Carolina Santos Mendes
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Barreto Campello Carvalheira
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
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da Cunha Júnior AD, Silveira MN, Takahashi MES, de Souza EM, Mosci C, Ramos CD, Brambilla SR, Pericole FV, Prado CM, Mendes MCS, Carvalheira JBC. Visceral adipose tissue glucose uptake is linked to prognosis in multiple myeloma patients: An exploratory study. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4075-4084. [PMID: 33632534 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The use of computerized tomography to opportunistically assess body composition has highlighted abnormalities such as low muscle mass and high adiposity may be hidden conditions in cancer patients. However, the role of skeletal muscle (SM), subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue glucose uptake measured by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-CT on patient prognostication is unclear. METHODS Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) with satisfactory image frame for assessing body composition and for semi-quantification of SM, SAT and VAT glucose uptakes were included. Plasmatic pro-inflammatory cytokine and adipokine levels were measured. RESULTS High VAT mean standardized uptake value (SUV) at baseline was associated with shorter event-free survival (EFS) (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58-39.30; P = 0.012) and overall survival (OS) (HR, 15.24; 95% CI, 2.69-86.30; P = 0.002) among patients with newly diagnosed MM, even after adjustment for covariates. The highest tertile of VAT SUV was significantly correlated with worse MM-EFS (HR for the highest vs the lowest tertile 3.71; 95% CI, 1.22-10.56; Ptrend = 0.035) and mortality (HR, 4.41; 95% CI, 1.28-12.77; Ptrend = 0.019). Notably, patients with higher VAT SUV presented with lower VAT area, VAT index, higher SAT SUV, and higher number of individuals with visceral obesity (all P < 0.01). Additionally, we found a negative correlation between VAT mean SUV with leptin (R2 = 0.20, P = 0.003); no correlations were detected between VAT mean SUV and resistin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or interleukin (IL)-6. CONCLUSIONS Functional VAT activity estimated by 18F-FDG PET-CT is a relevant prognostic factor in MM patients, specifically, a higher VAT SUV might be an early biomarker of cancer cachexia in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademar Dantas da Cunha Júnior
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Hematology and Oncology Clinics, Cancer Hospital of Cascavel, União Oeste de Estudos e Combate ao Câncer (UOPECCAN), Cascavel, PR, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Marina Nogueira Silveira
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Edna Marina de Souza
- Center of Biomedical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Mosci
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Celso Dario Ramos
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sandra Regina Brambilla
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carla M Prado
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria Carolina Santos Mendes
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Barreto Campello Carvalheira
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Successful Urine Multiplex Bead Assay to Measure Lupus Nephritis Activity. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 6:1949-1960. [PMID: 34307989 PMCID: PMC8258454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lupus nephritis (LN) confers a poor prognosis, mainly from lack of effective laboratory tests to diagnose and to evaluate therapies. We have previously shown that a set of 6 urinary biomarkers (NGAL, KIM-1, MCP-1, adiponectin, hemopexin, and ceruloplasmin) are highly sensitive and specific to identify adult and pediatric patients with active LN using renal biopsy as reference standard. Using these combinatorial urinary biomarkers, the Renal Activity Score for Lupus (RAIL) score was established, with biomarkers measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To enhance clinical utility of the biomarkers and RAIL, we tested the performance of RAIL with biomarkers measured by ELISA to that of biomarkers measured by the bead multiplex method, hypothesizing that the multiplex bead method would be comparable. Methods Spot urine samples (n = 341) of 46 patients aged 20 to 73 years with or without LN were used. Samples were assayed both by ELISA and multiplex using LUMINEX. RAIL scores and biomarker quantities were assessed for agreement with intraassay correlation coefficients and compared using Bland−Altman and regression. Results Biomarker measurement by LUMINEX was successful for NGAL, KIM-1, MCP-1, and adiponectin, but not for ceruloplasmin and hemopexin. There was good agreement of the RAIL obtained from these 4 biomarkers, irrespective of assay method (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78−0.82). The RAIL scores from 4 biomarkers further correlated with those when considering all 6 biomarkers (ICC = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96−0.98). Conclusion The LUMINEX platform allows for the convenient and simultaneous measurement of 4 RAIL biomarkers. RAIL scores considering only these 4 biomarkers may be sufficient to accurately capture LN activity.
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Modernization of Control of Pathogenic Micro-Organisms in the Food-Chain Requires a Durable Role for Immunoaffinity-Based Detection Methodology-A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040832. [PMID: 33920486 PMCID: PMC8069916 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Food microbiology is deluged by a vastly growing plethora of analytical methods. This review endeavors to color the context into which methodology has to fit and underlines the importance of sampling and sample treatment. The context is that the highest risk of food contamination is through the animal and human fecal route with a majority of foodborne infections originating from sources in mass and domestic kitchens at the end of the food-chain. Containment requires easy-to-use, failsafe, single-use tests giving an overall risk score in situ. Conversely, progressive food-safety systems are relying increasingly on early assessment of batches and groups involving risk-based sampling, monitoring environment and herd/flock health status, and (historic) food-chain information. Accordingly, responsible field laboratories prefer specificity, multi-analyte, and high-throughput procedures. Under certain etiological and epidemiological circumstances, indirect antigen immunoaffinity assays outperform the diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity of e.g., nucleic acid sequence-based assays. The current bulk of testing involves therefore ante- and post-mortem probing of humoral response to several pathogens. In this review, the inclusion of immunoglobulins against additional invasive micro-organisms indicating the level of hygiene and ergo public health risks in tests is advocated. Immunomagnetic separation, immunochromatography, immunosensor, microsphere array, lab-on-a-chip/disc platforms increasingly in combination with nanotechnologies, are discussed. The heuristic development of portable and ambulant microfluidic devices is intriguing and promising. Tant pis, many new platforms seem unattainable as the industry standard. Comparability of results with those of reference methods hinders the implementation of new technologies. Whatever the scientific and technological excellence and incentives, the decision-maker determines this implementation after weighing mainly costs and business risks.
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Kumar M, Iyer SS. ASSURED-SQVM diagnostics for COVID-19: addressing the why, when, where, who, what and how of testing. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:349-362. [PMID: 33706663 PMCID: PMC8006264 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1902311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2, the new coronavirus that originated in 2019, continues to impact every aspect of society in a profound manner. Testing will remain an important tool to mitigate the effects of this pandemic as early and accurate diagnosis can lead to appropriate countermeasures to reduce mortality and morbidity. However, testing isn’t a simple yes/no answer as the target and host are complex, the virus is a moving target, there is a plethora of tests that identify different parts of the virus and have their own limits and range of detection, and when prevalence is low, false positives and negatives can be very high. Areas covered: This article covers all the major questions related to COVID-19 diagnostics, the why, when, where, who, what and how of testing, the different types of tests, interpretation of results and the ideal ASSURED-SQVM diagnostic. A comprehensive literature review using all the publicly available databases and government websites and reports was performed. Expert opinion: Diagnostics that meet the ‘ASSURED-SQVM’ (Affordable, Selective and Sensitive, User-friendly, Rapid and Robust, Equipment-free, Deliverable to end-users and additionally, allows for Self-testing, Quantifiable, detects if pathogens are Viable and can detect Multiple pathogens) would make a major impact in our fight against the current pandemic. While a significant majority of researchers focus on developing novel diagnostics that are highly selective and sensitive, it is the opinion of these authors that other aspects of the ASSURED-SQVM principles also be considered early in the development process for widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, 622 Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suri S Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, 788 Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Jia XX, Yao ZY, Gao ZX, Fan ZC. The Role of Suspension Array Technology in Rapid Detection of Foodborne Pollutants: Applications and Future Challenges. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1408-1421. [PMID: 33611988 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1882833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Food safety is an important livelihood issue, which has always been focused attention by countries and governments all over the world. As food supply chains are becoming global, food quality control is essential for consumer protection as well as for the food industry. In recent years, a great part of food analysis is carried out using new techniques for rapid detection. As the first biochip technology that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), there is an increasing interest in suspension array technology (SAT) for food and environmental analysis with advantages of rapidity, high accuracy, sensitivity, and throughput. Therefore, it is important for researchers to understand the development and application of this technology in food industry. Herein, we summarized the principle and composition of SAT and its application in food safety monitoring. The utility of SAT in detection of foodborne microorganisms, residues of agricultural and veterinary drugs, genetically modified food and allergens in recent years is elaborated, and the further development direction of SAT is envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Xia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, China International Scientific & Technological Cooperation Base for Health Biotechnology, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yi Yao
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xian Gao
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, China International Scientific & Technological Cooperation Base for Health Biotechnology, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Lombardelli L, Logiodice F, Kullolli O, Piccinni MP. Evaluation of Secreted Cytokines by Multiplex Bead-Based Assay (X MAP Technology, Luminex). Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2285:121-130. [PMID: 33928548 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1311-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Luminex XMAP technology permits the simultaneous evaluation of numerous cytokines in several types of biological fluids (plasma, serum, liquor, follicular fluids, etc.) and in cell supernatants. Thus, multiplexing allows to achieve a time/cost economy and ensures that all the measurements are performed in the same conditions. Simultaneous measurement of cytokines with a multiplex bead-based assay has some similarities with ELISA, in particular the use of anti-cytokine antibodies, but shows an important difference, the use of magnetic fluorescent beads coupled to anti-cytokine monoclonal antibodies. The magnetic microspheres (dyed internally with two florescent dyes) coupled with anti-cytokine monoclonal antibodies are incubated with samples and standards; after washing, the samples/standards are incubated with biotinylated anti-cytokine monoclonal antibodies; and finally, after other washings, with streptavidin-phycoerythrin solution. Luminex instrument identifies the different cytokines present in each well and converts the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of each measured cytokine in pg/ml, thanks to the software and the standard curves. This technique is applicable in basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Lombardelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Excellence Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Logiodice
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Excellence Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ornela Kullolli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Excellence Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marie-Pierre Piccinni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and DENOTHE Excellence Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Hu-Lieskovan S, Bhaumik S, Dhodapkar K, Grivel JCJB, Gupta S, Hanks BA, Janetzki S, Kleen TO, Koguchi Y, Lund AW, Maccalli C, Mahnke YD, Novosiadly RD, Selvan SR, Sims T, Zhao Y, Maecker HT. SITC cancer immunotherapy resource document: a compass in the land of biomarker discovery. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000705. [PMID: 33268350 PMCID: PMC7713206 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the publication of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer's (SITC) original cancer immunotherapy biomarkers resource document, there have been remarkable breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy, in particular the development and approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors, engineered cellular therapies, and tumor vaccines to unleash antitumor immune activity. The most notable feature of these breakthroughs is the achievement of durable clinical responses in some patients, enabling long-term survival. These durable responses have been noted in tumor types that were not previously considered immunotherapy-sensitive, suggesting that all patients with cancer may have the potential to benefit from immunotherapy. However, a persistent challenge in the field is the fact that only a minority of patients respond to immunotherapy, especially those therapies that rely on endogenous immune activation such as checkpoint inhibitors and vaccination due to the complex and heterogeneous immune escape mechanisms which can develop in each patient. Therefore, the development of robust biomarkers for each immunotherapy strategy, enabling rational patient selection and the design of precise combination therapies, is key for the continued success and improvement of immunotherapy. In this document, we summarize and update established biomarkers, guidelines, and regulatory considerations for clinical immune biomarker development, discuss well-known and novel technologies for biomarker discovery and validation, and provide tools and resources that can be used by the biomarker research community to facilitate the continued development of immuno-oncology and aid in the goal of durable responses in all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Hu-Lieskovan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Kavita Dhodapkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Sumati Gupta
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Brent A Hanks
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Yoshinobu Koguchi
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Tasha Sims
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
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Fluid Candidate Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: A Precision Medicine Approach. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040221. [PMID: 33187336 PMCID: PMC7712586 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of dynamic pathophysiological mechanisms underpins highly heterogeneous phenotypes in the field of dementia, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In such a faceted scenario, a biomarker-guided approach, through the implementation of specific fluid biomarkers individually reflecting distinct molecular pathways in the brain, may help establish a proper clinical diagnosis, even in its preclinical stages. Recently, ultrasensitive assays may detect different neurodegenerative mechanisms in blood earlier. ß-amyloid (Aß) peptides, phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), and neurofilament light chain (NFL) measured in blood are gaining momentum as candidate biomarkers for AD. P-tau is currently the more convincing plasma biomarker for the diagnostic workup of AD. The clinical role of plasma Aβ peptides should be better elucidated with further studies that also compare the accuracy of the different ultrasensitive techniques. Blood NFL is promising as a proxy of neurodegeneration process tout court. Protein misfolding amplification assays can accurately detect α-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), thus representing advancement in the pathologic stratification of AD. In CSF, neurogranin and YKL-40 are further candidate biomarkers tracking synaptic disruption and neuroinflammation, which are additional key pathophysiological pathways related to AD genesis. Advanced statistical analysis using clinical scores and biomarker data to bring together individuals with AD from large heterogeneous cohorts into consistent clusters may promote the discovery of pathophysiological causes and detection of tailored treatments.
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